686 KB0 KB193820262021Jevšenak, JernejKušar, GalPoljanec, AlešSkudnik, Mitjaštevilka:4letnik:79str. 151-170ISSN:0017-2723COBISSID_HOST:69371395URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-GC4FQ5HNenslZveza gozdarskih društev SlovenijeGozdarski vestnikdeadwood biomassfellingforest ecosystem condition surveygrowing stockincrementlesna zalogamonitoring gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemovmortalitetamortalityodmrla biomasaposekprirasteksušiceStanje in spremembe slovenskih gozdov v zadnjih dveh desetletjih - rezultati velikoprostorskega monitoringa gozdov| Condition and changes of Slovenian forests in the last two decades - results of the State and changes large-scale spatial forest monitoring|The article presents the results of the large-scale forest inventory Forest Ecosystem Condition Survey (FECS) that took place on the systematic sampling grid of permanent sampling plots (4 km x 4 km) across the whole of Slovenia in the years 2000, 2007, 2012, and 2018. The basic signs of the condition (growing stock and volume of the deadwood) and changes (increment, felling, and mortality) of the Slovenian forests. The growing stock increased from 299 to 334 m3 ha-1 from the years 2000 to 2012. In 2018, the average growing stock was estimated to be 330 m3 ha-1. The standard error of the growing stock estimation was between 4 to 5 %. From the years 2012 to 2018, above all the growing stock of coniferous trees decreased, namely from 156 to 144 m3 ha-1. The main reason was the increased felling due to numerous natural disasters and bark beetle gradations. Thus, the felling increased, namely from 4.3 in the period 2007/12 to 6,3 m3 ha-1 yearly in the period 2012/18. Coniferous trees contribute the largest share to the increased felling. Recently, gross increment including ingrowth and increment of the felled trees estimated to be 7.9 m3 ha-1 annually. The estimation of the deadwood biomass amounted to 24 m3 ha-1 for the year 2018. The article also presents the calculations of the means% estimations methodology based on the systematical sampling. The FECS data were mostly used for the needs of international reporting on the condition and development of the Slovenian forests and, on a limited scale, also for the national reporting on the sustainable development of the Slovenian forests. The advantage of the established system is an internationally harmonized inventory methodology on the systematic grid of plots across the entire country. The present system also has certain limitations, namely a small number of sampling plots, which leads to a larger standard error in the calculations of some dendrometric indices. In 2020, we upgraded the FECS syste into a continuous panel system which is based on the new permanent sampling plots on the unaligned systematic sampling grid with the 2 km x 2 km density representing a good starting-point for the implementation of the National Forest Inventory (NGI) in SloveniaV prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati velikoprostorskega monitoringa gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemov (MGGE), ki je na sistematični mreži trajnih vzorčnih ploskev (4 km x 4 km) prek celotne Slovenije potekal v letih 2000, 2007, 2012 in 2018. Predstavljeni so osnovni znaki o stanju (lesna zaloga in volumen odmrlih lesnih kosov) in spremembah (prirastek, posek, volumen novih sušic) slovenskih gozdov. Lesna zaloga merskega drevja se je med letoma 2000 in 2012 povečala iz 299 na 334 m3 ha-1. V letu 2018 je bila ocena za povprečno lesno zalogo 330 m3 ha-1. Vzorčna napaka ocene lesne zaloge je znašala od 4 do 5 %. Med letoma 2012 in 2018 se je predvsem zmanjšala lesna zaloga iglavcev, in sicer iz 156 na 144 m3 ha-1. Poglavitni razlog je bil povečan posek, ki je bil posledica številnih ujm in gradacij podlubnikov. Tako se je povečal posek, in sicer iz 4,3 v obdobju 2007/12 na 6.3 m3 ha-1 leto v obdobju 2012/18. K povečanemu poseku večinski delež prispevajo iglavci. V zadnjem obdobju je bil bruto prirastek z vrastjo in prirastkom posekanih dreves ocenjen na 7,9 m3 ha-1 leto. Ocena volumna odmrlih lesnih kosov za leto 2018 je znašala 24 m3 ha-1. V prispevku je podrobno predstavljena tudi metodologija izračunov ocen povprečij na podlagi sistematičnega vzorčenja. Podatki MGGE so bili uporabljeni predvsem za potrebe mednarodnega poročanja o stanju in razvoju slovenskih gozdov ter v omejenem obsegu tudi za nacionalno poročanje o trajnostnem razvoju slovenskih gozdov. Prednost vzpostavljenega sistema je mednarodno usklajena metodologija popisa na sistematični mreži ploskev preko celotne države. Trenutni sistem ima tudi določene omejitve, in sicer malo vzorčnih ploskev, kar vodi v večjo vzorčno napako pri izračunih nekaterih dendrometrijskih kazalnikov. V letu 2020 smo sistem MGGE nadgradili v kontinuiran panelni sistem, katerega osnova bodo nove trajne vzorčne ploskve na neuravnani sistematični mreži gostote 2 km x 2 km, kar je dobro izhodišče za uvedbo Nacionalne gozdne inventure (NGI) v SlovenijiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije