355 KB0 KB200620252024Domajnko, Helenaštevilka:1/2letnik:91str. 67-71ISSN:0013-5852COBISSID_HOST:208702979URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-DI5OS6MXenElektrotehniška zveza SlovenijeElektrotehniški vestnikanalitična redundancaanalytical redundancyfunctional safetyfunkcionalna varnosthardware redundancyokvara senzorjasensor faultstrojna redundancaA review of fault types and analytical and hardware redundancy for the sensor functional safety|Sensors are part of the medical, industrial, automotive, and other appliances and contribute to the overall safety of the whole system. Safety standards for different sectors are imposed, and safety should be addressed already on the sensor design level. There are multiple possible approaches to the sensor fault detection, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The paper reviews the literature about the main sensor fault types as well as analytical and hardware redundancy and approaches to the fault diagnosis and identification. More specifically, sensor bias, drift, gain, noise, hardware failures, random faults, and complete failures are listed. For the analytical redundancy, the paper describes the parity space approach (PSA), principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), factor analysis, and minimum mean square error (MMSE) method. The steps of each method and its application are shortly explained. Virtual sensors and decision by majority are proposed as possible alternatives to the hardware redundancy. Choosing the most appropriate method for a particular use enhances the performance without changing the hardware. An in-depth comparison of the methods and its result is believed to optimise the sensor selectionSenzorji pomembno prispevajo k varnosti sistema, zato je potrebno zagotoviti njihovo pravilno delovanje. Ta članek vsebuje pregled najpogostejših vrst okvar ter več metod analitične in strojne redundance za prepoznavanje teh okvar. Izbira najbolj primerne tehnike lahko izboljša zanesljivost senzorja brez spreminjanja strojne opremeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaElektrotehniška zveza Slovenije