{"?xml":{"@version":"1.0"},"edm:RDF":{"@xmlns:dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","@xmlns:edm":"http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/","@xmlns:wgs84_pos":"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos","@xmlns:foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","@xmlns:rdaGr2":"http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2","@xmlns:oai":"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/","@xmlns:owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","@xmlns:rdf":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","@xmlns:ore":"http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/","@xmlns:skos":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","@xmlns:dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","edm:WebResource":[{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0/72d2d3ee-25f8-4be6-8555-3f9466c35160/PDF","dcterms:extent":"128 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0/17ddedc6-25c3-4390-87d1-5a077b8fe867/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"32 KB"}],"edm:TimeSpan":{"@rdf:about":"1994-2025","edm:begin":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"1994"},"edm:end":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"2025"}},"edm:ProvidedCHO":{"@rdf:about":"URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0","dcterms:isPartOf":[{"@rdf:resource":"https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:spr-46R7GGHL"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Medicinski razgledi"}],"dcterms:issued":"2004","dc:creator":"Brugger, Hermann","dc:format":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"številka:3"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"letnik:43"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"str. 303-311"}],"dc:identifier":["ISSN:0025-8121","COBISSID:18977753","URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-AMKNLBE0"],"dc:language":"en","dc:publisher":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Medicinski razgledi"},"dc:subject":[{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Accidents"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Anoksija"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Anoxia"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Časovni faktorji"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Emergency Medical Services"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Hiperkapnija"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Hipotermija"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Hypercapnia"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Hypothermia"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Kardiopulmonalno oživljanje"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Nesreče"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"ponesrečenci"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Preživetje"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Rescue Work"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Reševanje"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Sneg"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"snežni plazovi"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Snow"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Survival"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"therapy"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"Time Factors"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Urgentne, medicinske službe"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"zdravljenje"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q860447"}],"dcterms:temporal":{"@rdf:resource":"1994-2025"},"dc:title":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Preživetje v primeru snežnih plazov - načini zdravljenja, tehnike samoreševanja in varnostna oprema za smučarje po neoznačenih progah| Considerations on avalanche survival, therapeutic principles, self-rescue techniques and safety equipment for backcountry and off-piste skiers|"},"dc:description":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"The median annual mortality from snow avalanches registered in the 17 ICAR countries from 1981 to 1998 was 146. Swiss data document a mortality rate of 52.4% in compleiely-buried, versus 42% in partially-, or non-buried, persons (n = 1886). The survival probability of completely-buried victims in open areas (n = 638) plummets from 91% at 18 min after burial to 34% at 35 min (acute asphyxiation of victims without an air pocket), then remains fairly constant until a second drop after 90 min (the \"latent phase\" for victims withan air pocket). The inflection point of the survival probability curve at 35 min (figure 1) indicates that victims completely buried under an avalanche cannot survive beyond 35 min without an air pocket d prospective, randomised study in volunteers (28 tests) breathing inio an artificial air pocket (11 or 21 volume) in snow showed that peripheral oxygen saturation SpO2 decreased from median 99% to 88% (p < 0.001) within 4 min. End tidal carbon dioxide rosefrom median 38 to 51 mmHg (p < 0.001), with conscquent respiratory acidosis. We conclude that the degree of hypoxia following avalanche burial isdependent on air pocket volume, snow density and unknown individual personalcharacteristics, yet long-term survival is possible with only a small air pocket. The combination of hypoxia, hypercapnia and hypothermia in personsburied by avalanches presenting an air pocket and free airways is designated as \"triple H syndrome\". Standardised guidelines are introduced for the field management of avalanche victims. Strategy is primarily governed by the Iength of snow burial, the victim's core temperaiure and the presence of an air pocket. With a burial time <= 35 min, survival depends on preventing asphyxia by rapid extrication and immediate airway management, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for unconscious victims without spontaneous respiration. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters)"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Srednja vrednost letne stopnje umrljivosti zaradi snežnih plazov, ki so bili beleženi v 17 državah ICAR od leta 1981 do leta 1998, je bila 146. Švicarski podatki navajajo stopnjo umrljivosti 52,4% pri popolnoma zasutih osebah, v primerjavi s 4,2% pri delno zasutih ali nezasutih osebah (n = 1886). Verjetnost preživetja pri popolnoma zasutih osebah na odprtih predelih (n = 638) upade z 91% 18 minut po plazu, na 34% 35 minut po plazu (akutna zadušitevponesrečenca, če ni zračnega žepa), potem pa ostaja precej stalna do drugega padca po 90 minutah (latentna faza za ponesrečence z zračnim žepom). Prelomna točka krivulje verjetnosti preživetja pri 35 minutah (slika 7) kaže na to, da ponesrečenci, ki so popolnoma zasuti pod snežnim plazom, ne morejo preživeti dlje kot 35 minut brez zračnega žepa. Prospektivna, randomizirana študija pri prostovoljcih (28 testov), ki so dihali v umeten zračni žep (s prostornino 11 ali 21) v snegu, je pokazala, da je obkrajna nasičenost s kisikom SpO upadla iz srednje vrednosti 99% na 88% (p < 0,001) v 4 minutah. Tlak ogljikovega dioksida na koncu izdiha se je povečal iz srednje vrednosti 38 na 57 mmHg (p < 0,001), s posledično respiratorno acidozo. Sklepamo, da je stopnja hipoksije po zasutju v plazu odvisna od prostornine zračnega žepa, gostote snega in neznanih osebnih značilnosti posameznika, vendar je daljše preživetje možno že z majhnim zračnim mehurčkom. Kombinacija hipoksije, hiperkapnije in hipotermije pri osebah, zasutih pod plazom z zračnim žepom in s prostimi dihalnimi potmi, se imenuje \"sindrom trojnega H\". Uvajajo se standardizirane smernice za reševanje ponesrečencev izpod plazov na terenu. Strategija reševanja je odvisna predvsem od dolžine zasutosti pod snegom, temperature jedra ponesrečenca in prisotnosti zračnega žepa. (Izvleček skrajšan pri 2000 znakih)"}],"edm:type":"TEXT","dc:type":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"znanstveno časopisje"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"journals"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q361785"}]},"ore:Aggregation":{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0","edm:aggregatedCHO":{"@rdf:resource":"URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0"},"edm:isShownBy":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0/72d2d3ee-25f8-4be6-8555-3f9466c35160/PDF"},"edm:rights":{"@rdf:resource":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"},"edm:provider":"Slovenian National E-content Aggregator","edm:intermediateProvider":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"National and University Library of Slovenia"},"edm:dataProvider":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Društvo Medicinski razgledi"},"edm:object":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0/maxi/edm"},"edm:isShownAt":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AMKNLBE0"}}}}