473 KB42 KB2016Kutnar, LadoSimončič, PrimožUrbančič, MihejVilhar, Uršaštevilka:2letnik:74str. 59-72ISSN:0017-2723COBISSID:4334502URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-2C1RR1XZslZveza društev inženirjev in tehnikov gozdarstva in lesarstva SlovenijeGozdarski vestnikmicroclimatemikroklimapodsadnja bukvepremenarastlinska vrstna pestrostsmrekasušni strestalne razmereMikrorastiščne razmere kot pomemben dejavnik uspešnosti premene smrekovih monokultur na bukovih rastiščih na Pohorju| Microsite conditions as an important factor of successfull reintroduction of broadleaf species to spruce monocultures on beech sites on Pohorje|In Slovenia as well as in Central Europe, large areas of Norway spruce monocultures were established on sites of different forest communities. This resulted in 6 to 7 million hectares of pure Norway spruce stands outside its natural areal, whereas in Slovenia there is currently around 30% of forests with antropogenically altered tree composition. In recent years, soil degradation, repeated droughts and bark beetle attacks were the main reason for the increased mortality of trees in spruce monocultures, establihed on originally deciduous sites. Scenarios of climate change show that growing conditions for Norway spruce in most cases might get worse due to global warming. Results of this study demonstrate that soil properties and ground vegetation have changed due to establishement of Norway spruce monocultures on Pohorje, which might affect the success of reintroduction of broadleaf species. In addition, microclimate, soil properties and ground vegetation in fenced spruce stand whith underplanted beech samplings are adressed. Organic matter decomposition is slowest in a closed spruce stand and fastest in a fenced spruce stand with underplanted beech samplings, especially on its forest edge and in the gaps. The highest plant species diversity was found in mixed spruce and beech stand and lowest in beech stand, followed by spruce stand. We found no difference in microclimate between fenced spruce stand and gap with underplanted beech samplings. However, lowest soil water content and highest drought stress was found on the forest edge, where the competition of plants for available water in the soil is maximal. Soil properties and plant species diversity of selected stands on Pohorje indicate more favorable conditions for reintroduction of broadleaf species compared to some other Norway spruce forests in EuropeV Sloveniji in srednji Evropi so v preteklosti na rastiščih različnih gozdnih združb osnovali smrekove monokulture na velikih površinah. Posledica tega je 6 do 7 milijonov hektarov čistih smrekovih sestojev zunaj naravnega areala smreke, v Sloveniji pa je trenutno okoli 30 % gozdov s spremenjeno drevesno sestavo zaradi povečanega deleža smreke. V prejšnjih letih so bili glavni razlogi za povečano propadanje dreves v smrekovih monokulturah, osnovanih na rastiščih listavcev: osiromašena tla, dalinjski transport onesnažil, suše ter namnožitve podlubnikov. Scenariji podnebnih sprememb kažejo, da se bodo zaradi globalnega segrevanja ozračja rastne razmere za smreko v večini primerov še poslabšale. V prispevku ugotavljamo, da so se zaradi osnovanja smrekovih monokultur na rastiščih kisloljubnega bukovega gozda na Pohorju znatno spremenile talne in vegetacijske razmere, kar bi lahko vplivalo na uspešnost premene obravnavanih smrekovih monokultur. Podrobneje obravnavamo tudi podnebne, talne in vegetacijske razmere v ograjenem smrekovem sestoju s podsajeno bukvijo. Ugotavljamo, da razkroj organske snovi najpočasneje poteka v sklenjenem smrekovem sestoju, najhitreje pa v ograjenem smrekovem sestoju s podsajeno bukvijo, predvsem na njegovem gozdnem robu in v vrzeli. Največja pestrost rastlinskih vrst je v sestoju smreke in bukve, najmanjša pa v bukovem sestoju, ki mu sledi smrekov sestoj. V ograjenem smrekovem sestoju s podsajeno bukvijo nismo ugotovili razlik v mikroklimi med sestojem in vrzeljo. Pač pa smo ugotovili najmanjšo vsebnost vlage v tleh in sušni stres na gozdnem robu, kjer je največja kompeticija za rastlinam razpoložljivo vodo v tleh. Talne razmere in rastlinska vrstna pestrost izbranih sestojev na Pohorju nakazujejo ugodnejše razmere za uspešno premeno v primerjavi z nekaterimi drugimi smrekovimi gozdovi v EvropiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije