116 KB34 KB201320252020Jasnič, Dejanletnik:46številka:6/7str. 1070-1080ISSN:0353-6521COBISSID_HOST:44121859URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-1TD0HTKSslLexperaPodjetje in delobona fide reportingDirective on the protection of persons reporting on breaches of Union lawDirektiva o zaščiti oseb, ki prijavijo kršitve prava Unijedobrovernost prijaviteljevgood faith reportingpovračilni ukrepiprijaviteljiprotection of whistleblowersretaliatory measureswhistleblowerswhistleblowingzaščita prijaviteljevžvižgaštvoNotranji kanali za prijave in minimalni standardi za zaščito prijaviteljev|The paper addresses the provisions of the Directive on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law concerning the establishment of internal reporting channels, the conditions for the protection of reporting persons against retaliation and protection measures. The required establishment of internal reporting channels in the private and public sectors is a welcome development in the field of compliance and integrity in the EU. The paper presents which legal entities are obliged to establish internal reporting channels, to whom they should be accessible, what are the requirements for protecting confidentiality and allowing anonymous reports, what procedures should be defined, and what feedback should be given to the reporting person and within what deadlines. Special attention is paid to the provisions defining the conditions for the protection of reporting persons. Retaliation occurs in practice in many forms and poses a high risk to any reporting person. The Directive broadly defines its personal scope, highlights the importance of informing the public about the procedures and their rights and, considering the weaker position of the reporting person in proving retaliatory measures, reverses the burden of proof. For more effective protection against retaliation, it is essential that national legislations define the conditions for such protection more favourably to the reporting persons than those set out in the directive. According to the latter, the bar is set quite high, which provides protection to a fairly narrow circle of reporting persons, which does not exclude only malicious reporting persons. The burden of proving that the required conditions are met will represent too high a risk for many potential reporting personsPrispevek obravnava določila Direktive o zaščiti oseb, ki prijavijo kršitve prava Unije, in sicer tista določila, ki se nanašajo na vzpostavitev notranjih kanalov za prijave, pogoje za zaščito prijaviteljev pred povračilnimi ukrepi in zaščitne ukrepe. Zahtevana vzpostavitev notranjih kanalov za prijave v zasebnem in javnem sektorju je dobrodošla spodbuda na področju skladnosti in integritete poslovanja v evropskem prostoru. V prispevku je predstavljeno, kateri pravni subjekti so dolžni vzpostaviti notranje kanale, komu morajo biti ti dostopni, kakšne so zahteve glede varovanja zaupnosti in omogočanja anonimnih prijav, katere postopke je treba opredeliti ter katere povratne informacije je treba podati prijavitelju in v kakšnih rokih. Posebna pozornost je namenjena določilom, ki opredeljujejo pogoje za zaščito prijaviteljev. Povračilni ukrepi se v praksi pojavljajo v mnogo oblikah in pomenijo veliko tveganje za vsakega prijavitelja. Direktiva na široko opredeljuje osebno področje njene uporabe, opozarja na pomen ustrezne informiranosti javnosti o postopkih in njihovih pravicah ter z obrnjenim dokaznim bremenom upošteva šibkejšo pozicijo prijavitelja glede dokazovanja povračilnih ukrepov. Za učinkovito zaščito prijaviteljev bi bilo nujno potrebno, da se v nacionalnih zakonodajah opredelijo pogoji, ki bodo za prijavitelje ugodnejši z vidika njihove obravnave in pravic do zaščite. Po direktivi je namreč letvica postavljena precej visoko, s čimer je zaščita zagotovljena dokaj ozkemu krogu prijaviteljev, iz katerega niso izključeni le zlonamerni prijavitelji. Breme dokazovanja izpolnjevanja zahtevanih pogojev bo za marsikaterega potencialnega prijavitelja pomenilo preveliko tveganjeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia