241 KB64 KB201220252024Troha, Nevenkaštevilka:1letnik:64str. 592-612ISSN:0353-0329DOI:10.51663/pnz.64.1.34COBISSID_HOST:195190531URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-0S92QZYTslInštitut za novejšo zgodovinoPrispevki za novejšo zgodovinoArdeatine CavesArdeatinske jamecommemorationsGAP (Patriotic Action Group)GAP (Skupine domoljubne akcije)nacistična okupacija RimaNazi occupation of Romeprocesi proti italijanskim partizanomprocesi proti nacistomrepresalijespominske slovesnostitrials against Italian partisanstrials against the NazisAnaliza nekaterih tem iz modernega italijanskega zgodovinopisja|The article is based on the book The Order Has Already Been Carried Out – Rome, the Ardeatine Caves, Memory by Alessandro Portelli, whose translation by Nevenka Troha will be published by the ZRC SAZU. In this article, the author analyses specific topics discussed by contemporary Italian historiography and Portelli’s book. These include the following: the outlook on the wars waged by Fascist Italy between 1935 and 1943; the capitulation of Italy in September 1943; the German occupation of Rome and the local resistance with a particular focus on the attack against a convoy of German policemen in Rome on 23 March 1943, during which 33 policemen were killed; the repression of the German occupation forces, especially the massacre of 335 people in the Ardeatine Caves in Rome the day after this attack; the events following the massacre, including the reactions to it; the question of guilt, especially the response of those who shifted the blame from the Nazis to the partisans; the structure of the victims; the problem of the victims’ burial and the mourning of those left behind; the commemorations; the legal epilogues and the attitude towards the representatives of the resistance movement in post-war ItalyIzhodišče za članek je knjiga Alessandra Portellija Ukaz je bil že izvršen – Rim, Ardeatinske jame, spomin, ki bo v prevodu Nevenke Troha izšla pri Založbi ZRC SAZU. Avtorica v njem analizira nekaj tem, s katerimi se ukvarjata moderno italijansko zgodovinopisje in tudi Portellijeva knjiga. To so: videnje vojn, ki jih je fašistična Italija vodila med letoma 1935 in 1943; vdaja Italije septembra 1943, nemška okupacija Rima in tamkajšnje odporništvo s posebnim poudarkom na atentatu, izvedenem 23. marca 1943 na kolono nemških policistov v Rimu, v katerem je bilo ubitih 33 policistov; represalije nemških okupacijskih sil, zlasti pokol 335 oseb dan po tem napadu v Ardeatinskih jamah v Rimu; dogajanje po pokolu, vključno z odzivi nanj; vprašanje krivde, zlasti odziva tistih, ki so krivdo z nacistov prenesli na partizane; struktura žrtev; problem pokopa žrtev in žalovanja tistih, ki so ostali; spominske slovesnosti; sodni epilogi in odnos do akterjev odporniškega gibanja v povojni ItalijiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaInštitut za novejšo zgodovino