{"?xml":{"@version":"1.0"},"edm:RDF":{"@xmlns:dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","@xmlns:edm":"http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/","@xmlns:wgs84_pos":"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos","@xmlns:foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","@xmlns:rdaGr2":"http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2","@xmlns:oai":"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/","@xmlns:owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","@xmlns:rdf":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","@xmlns:ore":"http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/","@xmlns:skos":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","@xmlns:dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","edm:WebResource":[{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM/9aeef44c-7219-4395-95a8-ff25818b6700/PDF","dcterms:extent":"462 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM/71cfa2c4-a7e3-4b0e-b737-cfaa6f4598e1/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"59 KB"}],"edm:ProvidedCHO":{"@rdf:about":"URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM","dcterms:isPartOf":[{"@rdf:resource":"https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:spr-WP8SPN4L"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Acta hydrotechnica"}],"dcterms:issued":"2025","dc:creator":"Popit, Andreja","dc:format":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"letnik:38"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"številka:69"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"str. 147-162"}],"dc:identifier":["ISSN:0352-3551","DOI:10.15292/acta.hydro.2025.10","COBISSID_HOST:291212291","URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-083XIMSM"],"dc:language":"en","dc:publisher":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo"},"dc:subject":[{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"anthropogenic underwater noise"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"antropogeni podvodni hrup"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"big air bubble curtains"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"hydro sound dampers"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"noise mitigation"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"policy"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"politike"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"predpisi glede podvodnega hrupa"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"speed reduction of ships"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"underwater noise regulations"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"velike zavese iz zračnih mehurčkov"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"vodni dušilci zvoka"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"zmanjšanje hitrosti ladij"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"zmanjšanje hrupa"}],"dc:title":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Measures to reduce antropogenic noise in the sea| Ukrepi za zmanjševanje antropogenega hrupa v morju|"},"dc:description":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"This study aimed to review the measures for anthropogenic underwater noise reduction in European countries. The methodology for the literature review was based on specific keywords described in the paper. Selection criteria for including (and excluding) studies were based on underwater noise generated by anthropogenic activities (i.e. impact pile driving, seismic surveys, marine traffic) in seawater. The main operational measure to reduce continuous noise from vessel traffic is speed reduction. The most commonly implemented measures to reduce impulsive noise due to pile driving and the use of explosives are bubble curtains and hydro sound dampers, while essential measures to reduce impulsive noise due to seismic surveys are low-frequency acoustic sources. National approaches (e.g. Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, France, Slovenia) and regional guidelines (HELCOM, OSPAR, ACCOBAMS, IMO, CMS) show a high level of convergence in recommended technologies and environmental practices to reduce underwater noise. Harmonization of mitigation measures across European countries is critical for achieving a Good Environmental Status (GES) under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC). Underwater noise mitigation measures aligned with the international guidelines, national reports, and scientific literature reviewed in this paper form the basis for developing national programs of measures and regulatory frameworks to manage underwater noise in the marine environment"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Namen te študije je bil pregled ukrepov za zmanjšanje antropogenega podvodnega hrupa v evropskih državah. Metodologija za pregled literature je temeljila na specifičnih ključnih besedah, opisanih v članku. Izbirna merila za vključitev (in izključitev) študij so temeljila na podvodnem hrupu, ki ga povzročajo antropogene dejavnosti (npr. udarno zabijanje pilotov, seizmične raziskave, pomorski promet) v morju. Najpomembnejši operativni ukrep za zmanjšanje kontinuirnega hrupa zaradi ladijskega prometa je zmanjšanje hitrosti ladij. Najpogosteje uporabljena ukrepa za zmanjšanje impulznega hrupa zaradi udarnega zabijanja pilotov in uporabe eksploziva so zavese iz zračnih mehurčkov in vodni dušilci zvoka, medtem ko je pri impulznem hrupu zaradi seizmičnih raziskav ključni ukrep uporaba nizkofrekvenčnih akustičnih virov. Nacionalni pristopi (npr. v Nemčiji, Sloveniji, Franciji, na Nizozemskem, Danskem) in regionalne usmeritve (HELCOM, OSPAR, ACCOBAMS, IMO, CMS) kažejo visoko stopnjo skladnosti glede priporočenih tehnologij in okoljskih praks za zmanjšanje podvodnega hrupa. Za doseganje dobrega okoljskega stanja po Okvirni direktivi o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) je ključna uskladitev ukrepov za zmanjšanje hrupa med evropskimi državami. Ukrepi za zmanjšanje podvodnega hrupa, ki so usklajeni z mednarodnimi smernicami, nacionalnimi poročili in znanstveno literaturo, in so bili pregledani v tem članku, predstavljajo osnovo za oblikovanje nacionalnih programov ukrepov in regulativnih okvirov za upravljanje podvodnega hrupa v morskem okolju"}],"edm:type":"TEXT","dc:type":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"znanstveno časopisje"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"journals"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q361785"}]},"ore:Aggregation":{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM","edm:aggregatedCHO":{"@rdf:resource":"URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM"},"edm:isShownBy":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM/9aeef44c-7219-4395-95a8-ff25818b6700/PDF"},"edm:rights":{"@rdf:resource":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"},"edm:provider":"Slovenian National E-content Aggregator","edm:intermediateProvider":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"National and University Library of Slovenia"},"edm:dataProvider":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo"},"edm:object":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM/maxi/edm"},"edm:isShownAt":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-083XIMSM"}}}}