original scientific paper UDC 551.763(497.4 Kras) 551.763(450.361 Carso) 56.02:551.763(497.4 Kras) UPPER CRETACEOUS FLORA OF SLOVENIA Irina A. DOBRUSKINA The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The institute of Earth Sciences, ISR.-91904 Jerusalem Bogdan JURKOVSEK & Tea KOI.AR-jURKOVSEK Geological Survey of Slovenia, Si-1000 Ljubljana, DimiCeva 14 ABSTRACT Plated .md laminated limestones with cheit of the Trieste-Komen plateau occur as a special fades within different Upper Cretaceous platform sediments. In the present state of study they are ranged as the Komen and the Tomaj Limestones. In both limestone types many fossil plants were collected. The Slovenian flora differs from all known Upper Cretaceous floras of Europe in the predominance of conifers, while angiosperms are in the minority. In this paper, plants from ten localities are documented that have not been present till now in the map of the Upper Cretaceous floras of Europe. Ke y words : flora, Upper Cretaceous, Dinaric carbonate platform, Trieste-Komen plateau, Slovenia INTRODUCTION Cretaceous floras of the region in the predominance of conifers while in other localities of Europe, Africa and The finds of megapiant fossils of the Upper Creta-Near East in coeval floras the main role belongs to an­ceous platy and laminated limestones of the Trieste-giosperms, where conifers are in the minority or are Komen plateau have been poorly known. In spite of completely absent. In the studied collection, the angio­numerous specimens from the Komen Limestone that sperms are represented by small quantity of small iso­have been housed for decades in the Natural History lated leaves. Slovenian conifers are very special. W e still Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana and in the Museo could not find similar species in coeval deposits of Cívico di Storia Naturale in Trieste (Italy), plant fossils Europe. Probably there are new conifer species or even attracted little attention compared with many vertebrate genus in the flora under consideration. Their general finds, especially fishes and reptiles reported already by habitus recalls more ancient types of conifers. Gorja noviO-Kramberger (1895). The megaplants of the Unfortunately, the preservation of imprints is not Santonian-Campanian Tomaj Limestone have not been good enough, cuticles are absent. For monographic known until recently. Yet, they were only mentioned in study more time and material are needed. In spite of this the journal Annales in the paper on the find of the ray it seems advisable to publish preliminary conclusions of Rhinobatos (jurkovSek & Kolar-JurkovSek, 1995). The our study: to give preliminary determinations of plants, Maastrichtian plants of the Liburnian Formation were together with their photographs, to present general re-partly described by Stache (1889). view of the Slovenian Upper Cretaceous flora and com- A new locality appears on the map of the Upper pare it with coeval floras of the adjacent areas. Cretaceous floras of Europe in the very middle of the Studied megapiant specimens are housed in the European continent. Upper Cretaceous plants in Slove-collections of the Natural History Museum of Slovenia nia, widens seriously our knowledge about Cretaceous in Ljubljana, the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Tri­floras of Europe. This flora differs from ail known Upper este (Italy) and the paieontological collection of Bogdan Inno A. OOBRU5KINA ni ai: UPPER CRETACEOUS f LORA Of SLOVENJA, 243-268 LEGEND Liburnian Formation, Maastrichtian Tonnaj Limestone, Ü. Santonian -L. Campanian KOMEN CI Komen Limestone, Santonian A Komen Limestone, Cenomanian Volčji Grad Conifer gen. nov. \ Avber \ Brachyphyllum sp. nov. \ Pliskovica ( J Phhbopteris sp. Krajna vas Fructification #2 TOMAJ X W Sepuije ! Brachyphyllum sp. nov. * \ V "N. i^NOV A GORICA lORSZIA / / ( SLOVENIA « \ SE2AN A ) POSTOJNA I ( SL O ^ X«-­ SEŽANA " N , 10 kmr \ KOPER Jv. Dobravlje Araucantes ? sp. Brachyphyllum sp. nov. Conifer cone Fructification #1 , Kazije Kazije -Dobravije Araucantesmoiwaiiiaa ? sp i ap. ' " sp. ; Brachyphyllum . nov. , nov. PagiophyVum sp. n Knz Araucantes ? sp. Brachyphyllum sp. nov. PagiophyVum sp. nov. Conifer gen. nov. Eucalyptus sp, Equisetites sp. Fern ind,Araucantes ? sp. Brachyphyllum sp.nov. Pagiopnyllum sp. nov. Conifer gen. nov. Conifer scale Magnoliaephylium sp, Sassafras sp. Eucalyptus sp. Divača -Sežana Pagiophyiium sp. nov. DIVAČA 10 km Fig. 1; Geographic sketch map showing distribution of fossil flora at different localities. Si. 1: Geografska skica z razširjenostjo fosilne flore v različnih nahajališčih. JurkovSek and Tea Kolar-JurkovSek at Doi pri Ljubijani (Slovenia) that has been in accordance with the current legislation registered with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia and the Natural History Museum of Slovenia. Abbreviations: PMS -Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije / Natural History Museum of Slovenia, Ljubljana TS -Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, ftaly, BJ -Paleontological collection of Bogdan Jurkovsek and Tea Kolar-Jurkovsek, Dol pri Ljubijani. LATE CRETACEOUS BITUMINOUS LIMESTONES OF THE TRIESTE-KOMEN PLATEAU AND STRATICRAPHJC POSITION OF THE STUDIED PLANT FOSSILS Kras in strict tectonic sense can be defined as the Trieste-Komen plateau or the Komen thrust sheet (Fig. 1), but in a wider geotectonic sense Kras belongs to the extensive Outer Dinarides. it is characterised by shallow water platform carbonates and occurrence of black platy and laminated bituminous limestones with chert that locally comprise also plant fossils. They appear within different Upper Cretaceous formations from Cenoma­nian to Campanian. On the geological map of the southern part of the Trieste-Komen plateau 1 : 50,000 (Jurkovšek et al., 1996) these rocks are incorporated in two members, the Komen and the Tomaj Limestones. The older member is the Komen Limestone that apper­tains to the Povir, Repen and Sežana Formations; the younger member is the Santonian-Campanian Tomaj Limestone of the Lipica Formation (Fig. 2). Due to the common lithological similarities of bitu­minous platy and laminated limestones with chert of various formations, first of ail those characteristics that Inns A. DOBRUSKINA et ai.: UPPER CRETACEOUS FLORA OF SLOVENIA, 243-268 STRATIGRAPHîC POSITION LEGEN D OF STUDIED MACROFLORA 1 3 Bedded limestone j s Thick bedded ta •P V massive finie stone Limestone with chert 153 3 Marty limestone I l^ji j fimestan s wi!h ctler t (Komen and Tomaj limestones) S R ^ - » LI B / K / -LIBURNiAN FORMATION Maastrichtian jcLp ^ Limestone breccia Divača - Kozina pV.^ j Doiomite TA / K;' -TOMAJ LIMESTONE Doiomitic breccia U.Santonian -L.Campanian Kazlje Dobra vije Kazlje - Dobra vije Coal Kri ž Sep ulje Avber Ftysch KA I K2 • KOMEN LIMESTONE Rhapydionins Ubumica Santonian Piiskovtca Murgelta lata Krajna vas Calveziconus tecalvezae Kemrriosphaerina tergestina Broechina (Paslrikella) balcanica Orbitolina Pelagic microfossiis Actaeonellidaa : | K A I K 2 -KOMEN LIMESTONE Rudist buildups 1 Cenomanian Volčj i Gra d 9 Rudists in general Broken and displaced rudists Chondrodonta Ammonites i Fishes CS ) Oncoids ® Charophyts <3> Salpingoporella din a rice O n Favreina salavensis Fig. 2: Stratigraphie column of the Cretaceous beds of the Trieste-Komen plateau with marked positions of studied flora. SI. 2: Stratigrafski stolpec krednih plasti Tržaško-komenske planote z označenimi položaji raziskane flore. Inn s A . OOBKUSKIN A et al.: UPPE R CRETACEOU S FLOR A O F SLOVENIA . 243-26 8 point OLit to different modes and areas of their origin on the carbonate platform were considered during the geological mapping of the northern part of the Trieste-Komen plateau. Based on the studies of depositionat environments and mechanisms of the modern marine carbon rich black shales, Arthur and Sageman (1994) summarised that their deposition can take place in five major mod­ern marine environments: deep, enclosed basin, deep borderland basin, continental slope, zone of "upwelling", shallow stratified basin, coastal / intertidal zone. Sribar (1995) was of the opinion that due to the po­sition on the carbonate platform, only the areas of "upwelling" and coastal intertidal zones were adequate in the case of southwestern Slovenia for the formation of the Upper Cretaceous bituminous limestones. Komen Limestone (from the vicinity of Komen) has been recently often discussed as evidence for the sec­ond oceanic event (OAE 2). Based on comparison of fades on the Dinaric-Adriatic platform and conditions in a wider Mediterranean area, jenkyns (1991) concluded that during the Cenomanian-Turonian there was a par­ticularly thick column of anoxic water. In the Umbria-Marche basin it resulted in a deposition of the Bonarelli Level. OAE 2 consists of more anoxic events and the main (Bonarelli Level) is preceded by several thinner anoxic levels (Montanari et al., 1995). Oceanic anoxic events influenced the sedimentary conditions of the Di~ naric carbonate platform of southwest Slovenia. They were decisive mainly for the deposition of the Komen Limestone within the upper part of the Cenomanian Povir Formation and the Cenomanian-Turonian Repen Formation. Indeed, similar anoxic conditions could exist also in enclosed lagoons where high biological produc­tion and oxygen minimum caused a deposition of car­bon rich beds. Precise interpretation of the origin of the Tomaj Limestone remains not fully understood, for the connec­tion with the eustatic sea level rise in this part of Tethys has still not been explained. According to Sribar (1995), the authigen formation of anoxic conditions seems to be likely. Based on the presence of alodapic limestones, a somewhat deeper environment of the deposition of these beds was presumed by Ogorelec and associates (1987). In contrast to the Komen Limestone, there have never been any indications of intertidal conditions in the Tomaj Limestone (jurkovsek eta!., 1996). Pelagic micro-and megafossils with prevailing ammonites indicate a good connection of the sedimentary environment with open sea. Summesberger and associates (1996a, 1996b, 1999) reported on numerous ammonites with preserved body chambers, aptychi partially in situ and their rollmarks, which means that, in the water column above the seafloor with anoxic conditions allowed the existence of nektonic and planktonic organisms. At cer­tain levels, a mass mortality with fishes is evidenced and it is connected with mixing of well-stratified water in a lagoon. Based on hitherto knowledge, a strong influence of pelagial on the Tomaj Limestone can be linked also to the sea level rise and the second pelagic episode during the Late Santonian-Campanian that reached its maximum in the Campantan (Haq et ai, 1987; Gušic & jelaska, 1990; Kolar-Jurkovšek et al., 1996). A rich macroflora is present at the studied localities of the Tomaj Limestone and it was derived from the land that as early as in the Late Santonian began to rise up south of the Tomaj lagoon (PleniCar & Jurkovsek, 1997a, 1997b). Organical-chemical parameters of the Komen and Tomaj Limestones are similar. However, the average value of the organic matter (C org=0.48%) is in general higher in the Tomaj Limestone than in the Komen Lime­stone. That ranks the Tomaj Limestone to the lowermost range of hydrocarbon potential source rocks (Ogorelec et al., 1996). In comparison with the Komen Limestone it contains more organic matter of marine origin (alginite), while in the Komen Limestone there prevails the organic matter of terrestrial origin (lignin-huminite type). The studied museal specimens of the Upper Creta­ceous flora housed in the Natural History Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana and the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste (Italy) were ranged into different ho­rizons of the Komen Limestone and in the Tomaj Lime­stone according to the recorded data (Fig. 2). Samples from Volčji Grad were collected in the Komen Lime­stone of the Povtr Formation and are Middle to Late Cenomanian in age. The plant fossils of Pliskovica and Krajna vas were recovered from the Komen Limestone of the Santonian part of the Sežana Formation. All samples including samples from the Paleontological collection of Bogdan jurkovšek and Tea Kolar-jurkovšek that were collected in the areas of Kazlje, Dobravlje, Šepulje and Križ are ranged in the Upper Santonian-Campanian Tomaj Limestone of the Lipica Formation. The specimen from the Divača-Sežana motorway section was sampled in the Maastrichtian part of the Liburnian Formation just above a thin coal bed. PALEONTOLOGICAL PART Systematic composition of the Upper Cretaceous Flora of Slovenia Type Sphenopsida Class Equisetinae Order Equisetaies Family Equisetaceae Equisetites sp. In ™ A . D08RUSKIN A efiif.: UPPE R CRETACEOU S FLOR A OFXLOVENfA , 243-26 9 Type Pteropsida Class Filices Order Filicales Family Matoniaceae Phlebopteris sp. Class Gymnospermae Order Coniferales Family Araucariaceae Araucarites ? sp. Family Araucariaceae ? Bracbypbyllurn sp. nov. Pagiopbylium sp. nov. Family Taxodiaceae Sequoia sp. Family unknown. Conifer gen. nov. Conifer cone Conifer scale Class Angtospermae Order Magnoliales Family Magnoiiaceae Magna!iaephyHum sp. Order Laurales Family Lauraceae Sassafras sp. Order Myrtaies Family Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sp. Undeterminable fructifications Sphenopsida Only one incomplete specimen with two rests of stems is present in our collection (PI, 1, Figs. 2a, 2b). Because of its preservation it is impossible to see if there are alternating ribs or not. So determination as Equi­settles is conditional and it cannot be excluded that these remains belong to such similar genera as Ca­tamites, Neocaiamkes etc. Filicales Ferns in our collection are represented by two specimens, one of which is indeterminable. The second one (PI. 1, Figs. ?a, lb , 1c) is considered to be Phlebop­teris without species determination. O n photos one can see sterile leaves with very characteristic venetion (PI. 1. Figs, la, lb) and fertile ones (PI. 1, Fig. 1c) as well. Coniferales Some conifer scales from different localities have been determined as Araucarites with the question mark (Pi. 11, Figs. 1-6), but they should certainly be addi­tionally investigated. Relatively large leafy twigs are the basis of our col­lection. The majority of them are considered to be Bracbyphylium (PI. 2, Figs. 1-6, Pi. 3, Figs. 1-5) and Pagiopbylium (PI. 4, Figs. 1-6, PI. 5, Figs. 1-3, PI. 6, Figs. 1-2). The two above-mentioned genera differ from each other by the relations of the free part of the leaf and its attached part: the first has leaves attached to rachis by all their length, iri the second a large part of the leaf is free. In our material there are many intermediate forms, so it is difficult to find a boundary between genera and is merely conditional. Onl y after monographic study it will be possible to give more exact determinations and to compare Slovenian species with the species from different regions. Nevertheless, at the first stage of the Study this is not so important, as both belong to the same group of conifers and can be used as homogenous flora. The genus Brachyphyllum is known from the Upper Cretaceous floras, e.g. from Daralagez in the Transcau­casus and from Lebanon. But it is more widely distrib­uted in the Lower Cretaceous (Portugal, West Kazakh­stan, Primorye, India), jtirassic (Yorkshire, Central Europe, France, North Italy, Caucasus, Georgia, less in Central Asia and India) and Triassic (Donbass, Central Asia, Pamirs, Vietnam). In the Trieste Museum of Natural History there are several very interesting specimens from the locality of Volčji Grad (Pis. 7, 8, 10). They are relatively large twigs compactly covered with leaves or scales as in Brachy­phyllum. In the upper part, the twigs are dichotomizing several times. In the lower part of rachis places of de­ciduous twigs are seen. One plant from Križ (PI. 9, Figs. 1a, lb , 1c) also belongs to this group. According to the number of dichotomy and thickness of twigs of the sec­ond order, these plants can be divided into two groups (two species of a new genus?). Specimens on plates 7, 8 and 9 belong to the former one, specimens on plate 10 to the latter, in our list of fossil species they appear un­der the name "Conifer gen. nov". There are seven specimens of this kind in the collec­tion, and five of them were found at a single locality ­Volčji Grad. This locality produced only this kind of plant remains. Conifer twigs resembling the above mentioned plants due to their habitus and size are described and figured from the Cretaceous of Bohemia, Portugal and northern France. But none can be identified with Slovenian re­mains. Inrw A. 008RU5KIN A ef el.: UPPER CRETACEOUS FLORA O F SLOVENIA, 243-268 Conifer cone and scales There are remains of isolated conifer scales and one full conifer cone (Pi. 11) in the Slovenian collection. At this stage of the study we prefer not to determinate them as yet. Angiosperms Among 61 specimens of fossil plants in our collec­tion there are only nine small isolated leaves of angio­sperms, which could be due to the insufficient material determined only approximately, in our opinion they belong to Magnoliaephyllum {Pi. 12, Figs, 1-3), Sassafras (PI. 12, Fig. 10) and Eucalyptus (PI. 12, Figs. 4-8). Undeterminable fructifications Two very interesting imprints were found at the lo­calities of Dobravlje (PI. 12, Fig. 12) and Krajna vas (PI. 12, Fig. 11). They are probably fructifications. We do not exclude that they belong to Caytoniales, but would rather not determine them as yet. Thus, among 61 imprints of the Upper Cretaceous plants there are 46 conifers, 9 angiosperms, two ferns and one horsetail and two fructifications of unknown affinity. This means that conifers constitute more than a half of the collection - 77%, angiosperms - 17%. Coni­fers and angiosperms jointly cover 94% of the entire material (Fig. 3). Conifers are of an old appearance, including those that have been determined as Brachyphyllum and Pagiophyllum. Remains that have been determined as "Conifer gen. nov." generally resemble the genus Voltzia, which was widely distributed in Europe during the Triassic, In order to compare Slovenian fossils with Voltzia we would require not only additional and more abundant material from Slovenia but also a revision of the last genus. This has still not been done. Local geography and geology. Localities. Distribution of fossil plants at different localities; the number opposite the species name indicates the number of imprints of the species. Volčji grad, Cenomanian: Conifer gen. nov. -5 Pliskovica, Santonian: Phlebopteris sp. -1 Krajna vas, Santonian: Fructification #2 -1 Avber, Santonian-Campanian: Brachyphyllum sp. nov. -2 Dobravlje, Santonian-Campanian: Araucarites '< sp. ­1; Brachyphyllum sp. nov. - 6; Conifer cone - 2; Fructification #1 -1 Kazlje-Dobravlje, Santonian-Campanian: Equisetites sp. - 1; Araucarites ? sp. - 1; Brachyphyllum sp. nov. -2; Pagiophyllum sp. nov. -3 Sphenopsida : Equisetites sp. -1 Filicales: Phlebopteris sp. - 1, fern md. Conifers - 46 Araucarites ? sp. Brachyphyllum sp. nov. Pagiophyllum sp. nov. Conifer gen. nov. Conifer scale Conifer cone Angiosperms -9 Magnoliaephyllum sp. Sassafras sp. Eucalyptus sp. Unclear: Fructifications -2 Fig. 3: Relative role of the main fossil plant groups in the Upper Cretaceous floras of the Trieste-Komen pla­teau. The whole number of imprints is given under the column, the number of imprints of each group is shown by the name of the group. SI. 3: Relativna vloga najvažnejših skupin fosilnih rastlin v zgornjekredni flori Tržaško-komenske planote. Celot­no število odtisov je podano pod stolpcem, število odti­sov vsake skupine je prikazano pri imenu skupine. ANNALE S • Ser. hist. nat. • 9 • 1999 • 2 (17) in na A DOBRUSKIN A sis/.: UPPER CRETACEOU S FLOR A O F 51.0VENIA. 2-M-2GÜ Komen Limestone KA/K 2 ' KAM / Cenornaniar Santonian Toma j Limeston e TA/K/* 5 U. Santonian - L. Campanian LIB U8/K2 e Maasiricfrtian Volčji Grad Fig. 4: Systematics of the Upper Cretaceous plants of the Trieste-Komen plateau at different localities, the number of accounted imprints is given under the columns: SI. 4: Sistematika zgornjekrednih rastlin Tržaško-komenske planote po nahajališčih, število odtisov je podano pod stolpcem: E -Equisetites, F- ferns, Ar - Araucarites, Br - Brachyphyllum, Pag • Pagiophyllum, Con - conifer gen. nov., Cc ­conifer cone, Cs - conifer scale, Eu -Eucalyptus, Mg -Magnoliaephyilum, Ss -Sassafras, LIB - Liburnian Formation, šnra A DOBRUSKIN A <>r at; UPPER CRETACEOU S ELOKAO f SLOVENIA , 2«-2G 8 Kazlje, Santonian-Campanian: Fern ind. ~ 1; Arau­carites ? sp. -4; Brachyphyllum sp. nov. -2; Pagiophyl­lum sp. nov. -4; Conifer gen. nov. -1; Conifer scale • 2; Magnoliaephyllum sp. -3; Sassafras sp. -1; Eucalyptus sp. -3 Šepulje, Santonian-Campanian: Brachyphyllum sp. nov. -1 Križ, Santonian-Campanian: Araucarites ? sp. -1; Brachyphyllum sp. nov. -5; Pagiophyllum sp. nov. -2; Conifer gen. nov. -1; Eucalyptus sp. -3 Divača-Sežana, Maastrichtian: Pagiophyllum sp. nov. -1 In figure 4, distribution of species at different locali­ties is shown graphically. Comparison with adjacent Cretaceous floras We still could not have found with certainty any analogues of Slovenian plants in coeval floras. We could not find any similar Upper Cretaceous flora -nei­ther in the Northern Mediterranean (Europe), nor in the Southern Mediterranean (Near East and Northern Af­rica). No flora has so many conifers (and special ones) and so few other plants (Dobruskina, 1996, 1997). On the other hand, in adjacent areas, abundant conifers existed in the Triassic (NE Italy, Slovenia, Aus­tria, Switzerland, Germany, France), Jurassic (Italy) and perhaps in the Cretaceous of Northern Italy. According to the finds of the fossili woods, conifer forests were widely distributed in Israel and Lebanon (Dobruskina & Philippe, 1996). Figure 5 shows Upper Cretaceous localities in Europe and in the Transcaucasus. The nearest to the Trieste-Komen plateau are Hvar (Kerner, 189S) and Friuli (Pinna, 1993). In spite of the insufficient data about age and composition of these two floras, it is pos­sible to say that they do differ from Slovenian flora. From Lesina 6 ferns, 9 cycadophytes, 6 conifers and 5 angiosperms were figured. Neither plants themselves nor relations between the main plant groups are the same as in Slovenia. From "Vernasso nel Friuli" only several small imprints of conifers -different from Slovenian ­were figured. Regarding the still unstudied flora of Gruenbach in Niederoesterreich there are, according to the list in Guidebook (Summesberger, 1997} five ferns, two gyrrt­nospenns and 25 angiosperms. This is quite common for the majority of the Upper Cretaceous floras in Europe but different from Slovenian. The most famous and abundant among the Upper Cretaceous floras of Europe is the Cenomanian flora of Bohemia and Moravia. It was first described as early as in 1881-1887 by Velenovsky. Now it is being inten­sively studied. Only the list of references covers three pages (if we have all of them) and consists of 14 publi­cations of Velenovsky (including Velenovsky & Vinclar} and at least of 26 publications of other paleobotanists (Bayer, Heer, Elkund, Hlustik, Knobloch, Kvacek Z., Kvacek ]., Nemejc). But in spite of the abundance of publications, localities and specimens, there has still been no updated review of the Bohemian Upper Creta­ceous flora. It is difficult to determine the dominant plant group, because there are many ferns, many cy­cadophites, enough conifers, and many angiosperms. Amongst conifers we did not find forms similar to the Slovenian representatives of this group. it seems that more features that are common with ours may be in the flora of Daralagez (Transcaucasus), but very few plants have been figured and briefly de­scribed (Palibin, 1937). In his conclusions, Palibin refers to the abundance of conifer forests and leafy forests in the Upper Cretaceous of Daralagez. At. the same time he emphasises a great similarity of Daralagez flora to the Bohemian flora. One specimen -determined by Palibin as Widdringtonites -slightly resembles our "conifer gen. nov", but is much smaller. Another similar twig (and again much smaller) was figured by Teixeira (1948) from Portugal as Spheno­lepidium. in general, the Upper Cretaceous flora of Portugal is not similar to ours, for it consists mainly of angiosperms. Lower Cretaceous conifers from Northern Italy were figured in the large volume of G. Pinna with reference to Bozzi L.. La flora cretacea di Vernasso nel Friuli -Bullet­ino della Societa Geologies Itaiiana, vol.10, Roma, 1891. More up-to-date information on plants and locali­ties is still not at hand- In Northern Italy, rich conifer flora is known from the Lower jurassic of Grey Limestone of Veneto -Vecentino and Veronese -not far from just mentioned region (Wesley, 1956, 1958). Conifers (chiefly, genus Voltzia) predominated in many Triassic floras of Central Europe (Dobruskina, 1993, 1994): Carnian Alps (Raibl), Karavanke in Slove­nia, Northern Limestone Alps in Austrian Tyrol, the Ger­man Basin (for example, in Voltzia sandstone). As already said, a revision of the genus Voltzia would be needed for comparison and determination of our coni­fers. CONCLUSION The first -preliminary and very short -review of the Slovenian Upper Cretaceous plants shows that in the Late Cretaceous very specific flora existed in the centre of Europe. When we speak about specificity of the flora we have in mind its composition -relations between different systematic groups in it, as well as systematic position of each plant. According to its composition, the flora differs very much from the adjacent coeval floras and bears more resemblance to the jurassic and Triassic floras of the re (tins A. DOSRUSKIN A etui.; UPPER CRETACEOUS HOR A O F SLOVENiA, 243-268 Fig. 5: Localities of the Upper Cretaceous plants in Europe and in the Transcaucasus. SI. 5: Nahajališča zgornjekrednih rastlin v Evropi in Zakavkazju. gion. Sure, future investigations wii! discover more exact systematic relations of Slovenian plants. It is especially interesting for conifers. Conifers, from one hand, constitute the majority of studied plant assemblages. On another hand, they hint at the connection with old vegetation. Nevertheless, it is obvious that they differ enough from the Cretaceous plants known in Europe, North Africa and the Near East. And this conclusion does not depend on their belonging to one or another systematic group. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was completed within the framework of the project Paleontology, Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Slovenia (Geological Survey of Slovenia). The research was supported by the Slovene Ministry of Science and Technology's grant given to Dr. I. A. Dobruskina, which thus made the realisation of the teamwork on the Upper Cretaceous flora of Slovenia possible. We are indebted to the residents of Kazlje, Do­bravlje, Kriz and Tomaj that enabled our fieldwork on their land. We acknowledge our thanks to the curators Mrs. Katarina Krivic (Natural History Museum of Slove­nia) and Dr. Ruggero Calligaris (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste) for their assistance in the study of the specimens from both museai collections. ]rinil A. D08RUSKIN A er ab UPPE R CRETACEOU S f LOR A O F SLOVENIA . 243-26 B ZGORNJEKREDN A FLOR A SLOVENIJ E Inn a A. DOBRUSKINA The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The institute of Earth Sciences, ISR-91904 Jerusalem Bogdan JURKOVŠEK & Tea KOLAR-jURKOVŠEK Geološki zavod Slovenije, SM00 0 Ljubljana, Dimičeva 14 POVZETEK O najdbah rastlinskih fosilov v ploščastih in laminiranih zgornjekrednih apnencih Tržaško-komenske planote je bilo doslej malo znanega. Kljub razmeroma številnim primerkom iz Komenskega apnenca, ki jih že desetletja hranita Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije v Ljubljani in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale v Trstu, so rastlinski fosili v geološki literaturi ostali K senci številnih najdb fosilnih vretenčarjev, predvsem rib in reptilov, o katerih je pisal že Corjanovič-Kramberger (1895). Iz santonijsko-campanijskega tomajskega apnenca rastlinski fosili niso bili znani. Informativno so bili omenjeni le v reviji Annales, v članku o najdbi skata rodu Rhinobatos (jurkovšek & Kolar­jurkovšek, 1995). Fosile maastrichtijskih rastlin Liburnijske formacije je deloma opisal Stäche (1889). Zgornjekredna foslina flora Tržaško-komenske planote se od vseh poznanih zgornjekrednih rastlinskih združb razlikuje po prevladovanju iglavcev, medtem ko v drugih nahajališčih Evrope, Afrike in Bližnjega Vzhoda pripada bistveno večji delež kritosemenkam. V raziskani zgornjekredni fosilni flori se pojavljajo nekatere nove vrste in rodovi, ki v splošnem spominjajo na starejše tipe iglavcev. Fosili so iz zbirke Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije v Ljubljani, zbirke Museo Civico di Storia Naturale v Trstu in paleontološke zbirke Bogdana jurkovška in Tee Kolar-jurkovšek, ki je v skladu z veljavno zakonodajo registrirana pri Ministrstvu za kulturo Republike Slovenije in Prirodoslovnem muzeju Slovenije v Ljubljani. Okrajšave; PMS - Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije/Natural History Museum of Slovenia, Ljubljana, TS - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, Italija Bj - Paleontološka zbirka Bogdana Jurkovška in Tee Kolar-jurkovšek, Dol pri Ljubljani. Kras lahko v ožjem tektonskem smislu opredelimo kot Tržaško-komensko planoto ali Komensko narivno grudo (SI. I), v širšem geotektonskem smislu pa Kras pripada obsežnim Zunanjim Dinaridom. Zanj so poleg plitvovodnih platformskih karbonatov značilni pojavi črnih ploščastih in laminiranih bituminoznih apnencev z tožencem, ki lokalno vsebujejo tudi fosile rastlin. Pojavljajo se znotraj različnih zgornjekrednih formacij od cenomanija do campanija. Na Formacijski geološki karti južnega dela Tržaško-komenske planote 1 : 50.000 (Jurkovšek et al., 1996) so te kamnine združene v členih tomajski in komenski apnenec. Starejši člen je komenski apnenec, ki pripada Povirski, Repenski in Sežanski formaciji, mlajši pa je santonijsko-campanijski tomajski apnenec Lipiške formacije (SI. 2). Zaradi splošne litološke podobnosti bituminoznih ploščastih in laminiranih apnencev z rožencern iz različnih formacij pri geološkem kartiranju severnega dela Tržaško-komenske planote danes upoštevamo predvsem tiste značilnosti, ki kažejo na različne načine in območja njihovega nastanka na karbonatni platformi. Na osnovi raziskav sedimentacijskega okolja in mehanizmov nastanka recentnih z ogljikom bogatih morskih črnih skrilavcev sta Arthur in Sageman (1994) zaključila, da lahko te plasti nastajajo vpetih večjih recentnih morskih okoljih: 1. globoki zaprti bazeni, 2. globoki bazeni ob robovih kontinentov, 3. kontinentalna pobočja, cona "upwellinga", 4. plitvi stratificirani bazeni, 5. priobalna medplimska okolja. Šribar (1995) je menil, da so bila v primeru jugozahodne Slovenije zaradi položaja na karbonatni platformi za nastanek zgornjekrednih bituminoznih apnencev primerna le področja "upwellinga" in priobalni medplimski prostori. Komenski apnenec iz okolice Komna so v novejšem času pogosto obravnavali med dokazi za drugi oceanski anoksični dogodek (OAE 2). jenkyns (1991) je na osnovi primerjave razmer na Dinarsko-jadranski karbonatni platformi in razmer v širšem mediteranskem prostoru sklepal, da je med cenomanijem in turonijem obstajala razmeroma debela plast anoksične vode, ki je privedla v bazenu Umbria-Marche do nastanka plasti Bonarelli (Montanari et al., 1995). OAE 2 je sestavljalo več anoksičnih dogodkov, ki so poleg glavnega (plast Bonarelli) Inna A. OOBRUSKIN A et si.: UPPE R CRETACEOU 5 H.OS A CT Si.OVfMlA . J43-26 8 povzročili nastanek še več lanjšib z ogljikom bogatih plasti. Oceanski anoksični dogodki so vplivali na sedimentacijske razmere tudi na Dinarski karbonatni platformi jugozahodne Slovenije. Odločilni so bili predvsem za nastanek komenskega apnenca znotraj zgornjega dela cenomanijske Povirske formacije in cenomariijsko-turonijske Repenske formacije. Seveda so podobne anoksične razmere lahko nastale tudi v zaprtih lagunah, kjer je zaradi biološke produkcije in oksidacije prišlo do pomanjkanja kisika in nastanka z ogljikom bogatih plasti. Še naprej ostaja deloma problematična natančna interpretacija nastanka tomajskega apnenca znotraj Lipiške formacije, saj je jasna povezava z evstatičnim dvigom morske gladine v tem delu Tetide nedorečena, šribarju (1995) se zdi avlogeni nastanek anoksičnih razmer verjetnejši. O nekoliko globljem okolju nastanka teh plasti so na osnovi pojavljajočih se alodapičnih apnencev sklepali že Ogorelec in sodelavci (1987). V tomajskem apnencu, v nasprotju s komenskim, nismo nikjer zasledili znakov medplimskih razmer (jurkovšek et al., 1996). Na dobro povezanost sedimentacijskega prostora z odprtim morjem kažejo pelagični mikro- in makrofosili, med katerimi prevladujejo amonili. Summesberger in sodelavci (1996a, 1996b, 1999) so iz tomajskega apnenca opisali številne amonite z aptihi v bivalni kamrici in amonitne "roll marke", kar pomeni, da so v vodnem stolpcu nad dnom z anoksičnimi razmerami lahko živeli amoniti ter drugi nektonski in planktonski organizmi. V nekaterih nivojih je bilo ugotovljeno množično umiranje rib, ki ga povezujemo s premešanjem dobro stratificirane vode v laguni. Močan vpliv pelagiala v tomajskem apnencu lahko na osnovi dosedanjih spoznanj povežemo tudi z rastjo morske gladine oziroma t. i. drugo pelagično epizodo v zgornjem santoniju in campaniju, ki je svoj maksimum dosegla v campaniju (Haq et al., 1987; Gušič & jelaska, 1990; Kolar-jurkovšek et al., 1996). Bogata fosilna makroflora, ki je opazna v vseh raziskanih lokalitetah tomajskega apnenca, izvira iz kopna, ki je verjetno že v zgornjem santoniju pričelo nastajati južno od tomajske lagune (Pleničar & jurkovšek, 1997a, 1997b). Organsko-kemični parametri komenskega in tomajskega apnenca so podobni, vendar je srednja vrednost organske materije (Cor^=0,48%) v tomajskem apnencu v splošnem višja kot v komenskem apnencu, kar tomajski apnenec že uvršča na spodnjo mejo naftne potencialnosti (Ogorelec et al., 1996). V primerjavi s komenskim apnencem vsebujejo vzorci tomajskega apnenca več organske snovi vodnega porekla (alginita), medtem ko v komenskem apnencu prevladuje organska snov terestričnega izvora (ligninsko-huminski tip). Raziskane muzejske vzorce zgornjekredne fosilne flore., ki jih hranita Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije v Ljubljani in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale v Trstu, smo na osnovi evidenčnih listov razvrstili v več horizontov komenskega apnenca in v tomajski apnenec (SI. 2). Primerki iz Volčjega Gradu so bili najdeni v komenskem apnencu Povirske formacije in so srednje do zgornjecenomanijske starosti. Rastlinski fosili, najdeni v Pliskovici in Krajni vasi, izvirajo iz komenskega apnenca santonijskega dela Sežanske formacije. Vse primerke, vključno z vzorci iz zbirke 8J, ki. so bili zbrani na prostoru Kazelj, Dobravelj, Šepulj in Križa, uvrščamo v zgornjesantonijski do campanijski tomajski apnenec Lipiške formacije. Vzorec iz gradbišča avtoceste med Divačo in Sežano je bil odvzet v maastrichtijskem delu Libumijske formacije, neposredno nad tanko premoško plastjo. Ključn e besede: flora, zgornja kreda, Dinarska karbonatna plošča, Tržaško-komenska planota, Slovenija REFERENCES Arthur, M. A. & B. B. Sageman (1994): Marine Black Shales: Depositional Mechanisms and Environments of Ancient Deposits. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sei., 22, 499­ 551. Do b ru sk i na, I. A . (1993) : The first data on Seefeld Conifer Flora (Upper Triassic; Tirol, Austria). Bull. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 3, 113­115 (Trans. Intern. 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Coccioni (Eds.); 4tfl International Workshop of the ESF Scientific Network on "Impact Cratering and Evolution of Planet Earth". Ancona, May 12-17, 1995. The Role of impacts on the Evolution of the Atmosphere and Biosphere with Regard to Short- and Long Term Changes. Abstracts and Field Trips volume, 1 70-1 72. Ogorelec, B., S. Orehek, S. Buser & M. PieniCar <1987): Komen Beds - Skopo at Dutovlje (Upper Cretaceous). "Evolution of the karstic carbonate platform", Exursion Guidebook, 61-66. Ogorelec, B v B. Jurkovšek, D. Satara, G. Baric, B. Jelen & B. Kapovi c (1996) : Potencialnost karbonatnih kamnin za nastanek ogljikovodikov v zahodni Sloveniji (Car­bonate rocks of west Slovenia as potential sources for hydrocarbons). Geologija, 39(1997), 215-237. Palibin , I . V . (1937) : Cretaceous flora of Daralagez. Trudy Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, 1(4), 171-197 (in Russian). Pinna, G . (1993): 11 grande libra dei fossili. Rizzoli, 383 pp., 200 tavole. Pleničar, M. & B. 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Abstract Volume, 161-162. Summesberger, H., B. Jurkovšek & T. Koiar-Jurkovšek (1999): Roilmarks of soft parts and a possible crop con­tent of Late Cretaceous ammonites from the Slovenian Karst. In: Oloriz, E. & F. j. Rodriguez-Tovar (Eds.): Ad­vancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods, Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, New York, 335» 344. Šrihar, L. (1995): Evolucija gornjokredne jadransko-di­narske karbonatne platforme u jugozapadnoj Sloveniji. Magistarski rad, Sveučiiište u Zagrebu, 89 pp. Teixeira , C . (1948) : Flora Mesozoica Portuguesa, 1. Di­rect. Ceral Mines Serv. Geol., 7-120. Wesley, A. (1956): Contributions to the knowledge of the flora of the Grey Limestone of Veneto: A revision of the Flora fossilis formationis oolithicae of de Zigno. Part I. Mem. Istit. Geol. Miner. Univ. Padova, 19, 68 pp. Wesley, A. (1958): Contributions to the knowledge of the flora of the Grey Limestone of Veneto; A revision of the Flora fossilis formationis oolithicae of de Zigno. Part II. Mem. istit. Geol. Miner. Univ. Padova, 21, 55 pp. Inns A. DOtSRUSKINA ef ah. UPPER CRETACEOUS FLORA O f SLOVENIA. 243--26S PLATE 1 - TABLA 1 Phlebopteris sp. Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. - Si. 1a, 1b, 1c: PMS 301, xl, x2, x2, Šepulje Equisetites sp. Figs. - SI. 2a, 2b: PMS 312, x 1, x2, Kazlje PLATE2 - TABLA 2 Brachyphyllum sp. nov. Tomaj Limestone, U, Santonian-L. Campanian tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. - SI. 1: Bj 1753, xl, Križ Fig. - SI. 2: Bj 1968, xl, Križ Fig. - SI. 3: Bj 1384, xl, Dobravtje Fig. - SI. 4: BJ 1735, x 2, Križ Fig. - SI. 5: Bf 1967, x1, Križ Fig. - Si 6: PMS 339, xl, Kazlje-Dobravlje PLATE 3 - TABLA 3 Brachyphyllum sp. nov. Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. - SI. 1: PMS 328, x1, Avber Fig. - SI. 2: Bj 1734, x1, Kazlje Fig. - SI. 3: PMS 324, x1, Avber Fig. - SI. 4: PMS 293, x2, Dobravlje Fig. - SL 5: BJ 1967, x2, Križ, (counterpart of the speci­men on PI. 2, fig. 5 - nasprotni odtis primerka na tab. 2, si. 5) PLATE 4 - TABLA 4 Pagiophyllum sp. nov. Fig, 1: Bj 1654, xl, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santo­nian-L. Campanian SI. 1: Bj 1654, x1, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. 2a, 2b: Bj 1558, xl, x2, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 2a, 2b: Bj 1558, xt, x2, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. 3a, 3b: BJ 1746, x1, x1, Križ; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian Si. 3a, 3b: B) 1746, x1, x1, Križ; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. 4a, 4b: BJ 1471, xl, x1, Divača-Sežana; Liburnian Formation, Maastrichtian SI. 4a, 4b: BJ 1471, x1, x1, Divača-Sežana; Liburnijska formacija, maastrichtij Figs. 5a, 5b: BJ 1538, v 1, x1, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 5a, 5b: Bj 1538, xl, x1, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs, ha, 6b: BJ 1848, x1, xl, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian Si. 6a, 6b: Bf 1848, x1, v 1, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij PLATE 5-TABLA 5 Pagiophyllum sp. nov. Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. - SI. 1: Bf 1658, xl, Dobravlje Fig. - SI, 2: PMS 336, xl, Kazlje-Dobravlje Fig. - SI. 3: BJ 1382, x1, Dobravlje PLATE 6 - TABLA 6 Pagiophyllum sp. nov. Tomaj Limestone, U, Santonian-L. Campanian tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. - SI. 1: BJ 1522, x1, Dobravlje Figs. - SI. 2a, 2b: BJ 1541, x1, x1, Kazlje PLATE 7 - TABLA 7 Conifer gen. nov. Komen Limestone, Cenomanian komenski apnenec, cenomanij Figs. - SI. 1a, 1b, 1c: TS 7786, x0.4, x1, xl, Volčji grad PLATE 8 - TABLA 8 Conifer gen. nov. Komen Limestone, Cenomanian komenski apnenec, cenomanij Figs. - SI. 1a, 1b, 1c.: TS 7790, x0.4, x0.4, xl,3, Volčji grad PLATE 9 - TABLA 9 Conifer gen. nov. Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. - SL 1a, lb, 1c: BJ 1971, x0.4, x1, x0.7, Križ PLATE 10-TABLA 10 Conifer gen. nov. Komen Limestone, Cenomanian komenski apnenec, cenomanij Fig. - Si. 1: TS 7785, x0.4; Fig. - SI. 2: TS7786, x0.35; Fig. - SI. 3: BJ1547, ,\ t, Volčji grad PLATE 11 - TABLA 11 Figs. - SI. 1-6: Arauca rites ? sp. Figs, la, 1b: BJ 1559a, x1, BJ 1559b, x1, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, V. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 1a, 1b: BJ 1559a, x1, BJ 1559b, x1, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig, 2: PMS 302, xl, Kazlje-Dobravlje; Tomaj Lime­stone, V. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 2: PMS 302, v/, Kazlje-Dobravlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij runa A. OOBRUSKINA « ai.: OFFER CRETACEOU5 FLORA O F SLOVENIA, 243-2GS Fig. 3: BJ 1516, xl, Dobravlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 3: BJ 1516, xl, Dobravlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 4: BJ 1513, x1, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, V. Santo­nian-L. Campanian Si. 4: BJ 1513, xl, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 5: BJ 1745, xl, Križ; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santo­nian-L. Campanian Si. 5: BJ 1745, x l, Križ; tomajski apnenec., zgornji san­tonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 6: BJ 1548, x1, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, IS. San­tonian-L. Campanian SI. 6: BJ 1548, xl, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 7: Conifer cone, BJ 1258, xl, Dobravlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 7: Storž iglavca, BJ 1258, xl, Dobravlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. 8a, 8b, 9: Conifer scales, BJ 1561, x1, its counter­part, x1; BJ 1987, xl, Kazlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. San­tonian-L. Campanian SI. 8a, 8b, 9: Luske iglavca, BJ 1561, x1, nasprotni od­tis, xl; BJ 1987, xl, Kazlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. 10a, 10b: Conifer cone, BJ 1383, part and coun­terpart - xl, x2, Dobravlje; Tomaj Limestone, U. San­tonian-L. Campanian SI 10a, 10b: Storž iglavca, BJ 1383, nasprotna odtisa ­x1, x2, Dobravlje; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij­spodnji campanij PLATE 12 - TABLA 12 Figs. 1, 2, 3: Magnoliaephyilum sp., BJ 1562, part and counterpart, x1; BJ 1563, xl; BJ 1847, xl; Kazlje, To­maj Limestone, V. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 1, 2, 3: Magnoliaephyilum sp., BJ 1562, nasprotna odtisa, xl; BJ 1563, xl; BJ 1847, x1; Kazlje, tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Figs. 4-8: Eucalyptus sp., BJ 1744, xl, BJ 1988, xl, Križ; BJ 1986, x3, BJ1986, x3, Kazlje; BJ 1863, xl, Križ; Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 4-8: Eucalyptus sp., BJ 1744, xl, BJ 1988, xl, Križ; BJ 1986, x3, BJ1986, x3, Kazlje; BJ 1863, xl, Križ; tomajski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 9: Eucalyptus ? sp., BJ 1701, xl, Kazlje, Tomaj Limestone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 9: Eucalyptus ? sp., BJ 1701, xl, Kazlje, tomajski ap­nenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 10: Sassafras sp., BJ 1560, xl, Kazlje, Tomaj Lime­stone, U. Santonian-L. Campanian SI, 10: Sassafras sp., BJ 1560, x1, Kazlje, tomajski apne­nec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij Fig. 11: Fructification # 2, PMS 320, x1, Krajna vas, Ko­men Limestone, Santonian Si. 11: Fructification # 2, PMS 320, x1, Krajna vas, ko­menski apnenec, santonij Fig. 12: Fructification # 1, BJ 1527, xl, Dobravlje, Tomaj Limestone, V. Santonian-L. Campanian SI. 12: Fructification # 1, BJ 1527, x1, Dobravlje, to­majski apnenec, zgornji santonij-spodnji campanij PLATE11-TABLA 11 ANNALES • Ser. hist. nat. • 9 • 1999 • 2 (17) Inrra A. 008RÍJSKINA et nI.: UPPER CRETACEOUS FLORA OF SLOVENIA, 213-268 PLATE11- TABLA 11 258 PLATE11- TABLA 11 ANNALES • Ser. hist. nat. • 9 • 1999 • 2 (17) ANNALES • Ser. hist. nat. • 9 - 1999 • 2 (17) Inns A. DOSRUSKfN A etal.: L.'PPER CRETACEOU 5 FLOR A O f SLOVENiA . 233-268 PLATE 4 - TABLA 4 PLATE 5 - TABLA 5 260 261 PLATE11- TABLA 11 r -t ! ANNALES • Ser. hist. nat. • 9 • 1999 • 2 (17) ' | Snn.i A. DOBIHJSKiNAe i .-!i.: UPPER CRETACEOUS ELORA OF SLOVEN!A, 243-268 i: PLATE 7 - TABLA 7 263 PLATE 8- TABLA 8 PLATE 9 - TABLA 9 PLATE 11 -TABLA 11 ANNALES • Ser. hist. nat. • 9 • 1999 • 2 (17) Inna A. D08RUSKINA e! i L UPPER CRETACEOUS FLORA OF SLOVENIA, 2 J 3-268 10a 10b PLATE 11 - TABLA 11 267 Mna A. DOBRUSKlNAcf.7/.: UPPER CRETACEOUS PlORA OF SIOVENIA, 243-260