293 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers 1 Received: 12th April 2021; revised: 11th September 2021; accepted: 25th October 2021 Mapping of the Emergence of Society 5.0: A Bibliometric Analysis Vasja ROBLEK 1 , Maja MEŠKO 2 , Iztok PODBREGAR 2 1 Faculty of Organisation Studies, Novo mesto, vasja.roblek@gmx.com 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Kranj, Slovenia, maja.mesko@um.si, Iztok.podbregar@um.si Background and purpose: The study aims to answer a research question: With which essential cornerstones technological innovations the transformation from Society 4.0 and Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 is enabled? The study is important for practitioners and researchers to understand the meaning of Society 5.0 and to familiarise themselves with the drivers that will help shape Society 5.0 policies and play an important role in its further development. Therefore, the authors conducted a quantitative bibliometric study that provides insights into the importance of the topic and incorporates current characteristics and future research trends. Methodology: The study used algorithmic co-occurrence of keywords to gain a different insight into the evolution of Society 5.0. Thirty-six selected articles from the Web of Science database were analysed with the bibliometric analysis and overlay visualisation. Results: The co-occurrence analysis shows that terms artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, big data, In- dustry 4.0, Industry 5.0, open innovation, Society 5.0, super-smart society have been widely used in researches in the last three years. Conclusion: The study presents a bibliometric analysis to analyse the current and future development drivers of a Society 5.0. According to the results, the transition from Society 4.0 to Society 5.0 can be achieved by implementing knowledge and technologies in the IoT, robotics, and Big Data to transform society into a smart society (Society 5.0). In particular, the concept would enable the adaptation of services and industrial activities to individuals’ real needs. Further- more, these technologies allow advanced digital service platforms that will eventually be integrated into all areas of life. Keywords: Society 5.0, Industry 5.0, Information society, Smart society, Data-driven innovations DOI: 10.2478/orga-2021-0020 1 Introduction After 2016 Society 5.0 has become a new research phenomenon, which has been introduced in the Japanese government policies to establish a better, super-smart, and more prosperous human-centred society to help overcome chronic social changes. The strategy represents the Jap- anese response to other socio-technological strategies as Industry 4.0 in Europe, Industrial Internet in the US and Chinese Made in China 2025 (Harayama, 2017). According to Harayama (2017), Society 5.0 is directly related to the appearance of the 5th Industrial Revolution (Industry 5.0), and they will both occur when artificial in- telligence (AI) is managed to think and lead the organisa- tional processes independently, which is expected that will emerge in 2030. It is expected that Society 5.0 will continue with the evolution of human and technology relations through a cyber-physical system (CPS; Shiroishi, Uchiyama, & Su- zuki, 2018) which began in the current Industry 4.0. In the last few years, therefore, investment has accelerated in research & development (R&D) of cognitive computing based on AI, and it is expected that it would shortly enable complete self-managed organisation (Roblek, Erenda, & Meško, 2020) and humans to machine communication and cooperation (Guzman & Lewis, 2020). Thus, the relations between people and technology can improve the quality of 294 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers life and ensure sustainable development in all areas (ed- ucation, health, democracy, economy) (Ferreira & Serpa, 2018). However, on the other hand, the issue opens to the question of the negative impact of AI on human society (e.g., errors in algorithms that can cause the death of peo- ple because of wrong decisions of the computer system, loss of jobs, ethical and economic issues regarding the transfer of responsibility from humans to machines, social control) (Makridakis, 2017). Based on social changes because of the technology development and known theoretical background about the Society 5.0, the following research question has been set: With which essential cornerstones technological innova- tions the transformation from Society 4.0 and Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 is enabled? The paper includes a scientometric analysis of the co-occurrence keywords and a systematic literature re- view of existing theoretical explanations of Society 5.0, research on and its development mechanisms that can im- pact the further transition from Industry and Society 4.0 to Industry and Society 5.0. 2 Theoretical background 2.1 Historical evolution of information society The emergence of the third industrial revolution (which began around 1960) was based on the invention of the transistor and the microprocessor. These innova- tions enabled the accelerated development of telecommu- nications and computer technology. Automation of pro- cesses began, followed by the penetration of computing with computers such as the IBM 370. Thus, society be- gan to move from producing goods and making profits to a post-industrial society based on knowledge production and the growth of service activities (Hughes, 2004). In the 1980s, a shift occurred with digitalisation, which contrib- uted to the post-industrial or information society, which focuses on the organisation of knowledge and serves as social control, guiding innovation and change (Peters, 2020). Table 1 shows the crucial technological factors for a successful transformation process, and Table 2 shows the key economic factors. The emergence of the Internet led to an exposure of a global information society that aims to provide access to the Internet, better education, busi- ness support, and networking. All this leads to Castells’ opinion that post-industrial society needs to be replaced by information society (Castells, 1996). Since the existing information societies are based on a capitalist system, it is also necessary to emphasise information systems institu- tional and cultural diversity (e.g. the differences between individual nations and countries) (Salehan, Kim, & Lee, 2018). The modern information society is based on inno- vative technological solutions for knowledge creation and data processing. The information society has focused on collecting and processing data at several stages (Abubakar et al., 2019). We can conclude that we understand society as a spe- cial form of social organisation in which information, its collection, processing and transmission become the prima- ry source of power and productivity. 2.2 Industry 4.0 and emergence of Society 5.0 Industry 4.0 represents a completely new way of in- tegrating technology into society. New technologies are being researched and developed that connect the physical, digital and biological worlds, which affect all disciplines, economies and industries (Caruso, 2018). Industry 4.0 ap- pears as a continuation of the third industrial revolution. It enables the digital interconnection of products, machines, tools and more. It brings 3D printers, self-driving vehicles, AI, and nanotechnology, but unlike the second and third industrial revolutions based on raw materials and energy, Industry 4.0 emphasises knowledge as an essential re- source (Roblek et al., 2016). One of the most important innovations in Industry 4.0 is robotics. Robots have been around for several decades, but the question arises as to why today’s robots are differ- ent from those of the past? The difference is that robots and humans are now equal partners, meaning robots today have a higher level of artificial intelligence. Furthermore, they can communicate with machines and humans through smart devices. Therefore, it is important to compare and list the special human abilities concerning robots’ unique abil- ities. It becomes clear where robots can help us and what human characteristics they can replace with their unique abilities. With the emergence of robots in everyday human life, the question of taxing not only internet companies but also robots increased, as some scholars suggest that “who- ever owns the robots rules the world” (Freeman, 2015). Holder et al. (2016) discuss the identification of the main legal and regulatory implications of robotics. According to the authors, it is time to start a dialogue in society about “how our existing legal framework may need to be adapted and changed to meet the demands of the robotics era.” The negative connotations of Industry 4.0 are seen in reducing the number of employees, and the entire industri- al revolution is accompanied by the abolition and creation of new jobs. There are also three crucial areas of concern: inequality, cybersecurity and identity (Schwab & Davis, 2018). In addition to creating inequalities between people, it can also lead to an even more significant gap between the countries’ economies. Less developed economies that are just beginning to industrialise would lag even further be- hind developed ones (Hughes & Southern, 2019). When it 295 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers Factor Main topics Author Computerisation (1960-) The invention of the transistor and the microprocessor had an important impact on the rise of telecommunications and computer technology. Ensmenger, 2012; Frey & Osborne, 2017; Jorgenson, 2001 Digitalisation (1980-) Word digitalisation cannot be used as a synonym for com- puterisation. In business administration, digitalisation often means the adoption and increased use of informa- tion and communications technologies. Other meanings of the word digitalisation are connected with the process of converting something to digital form (e.g., digitalisation of payments, digitalisation of the printed documents and books, the transformation of the analogue signals in a dig- ital representation) Jedynak et al., 2021 ; Katsikas & Gritzalis, 2017, Valenduc & Vendramin, 2017 Informatisation (2011-) The word informatisation is used to introduce and adopt information systems, technologies, for instance, informa- tisation of the company (self-management organisation, public apparatus, business). Paulin, 2019; Schuetz & Venkatesh, 2020; Sony and Naik, 2020 Table 1: Technology-based society and transformation processes – technological factors Table 2: Technology-based society and transformation processes – economic factors New economy (1980-2006) Within the information society, the so-called new econo- my has been established. During this period, the contri- bution of information companies and service activities (e.g., trade, publishing, entertainment, consulting) in the developed countries expanded to such an extent that it exceeded production agriculture measured by the contri- bution to the gross national product. Thus, in general, an- alysts use the term information economy or new economy to describe a situation where the gross national product dominates the information industry. Cant, 2020; Daveri, 2002; Farell, 2003 Innovative economy or knowledge-based economy (2003-2030) The new economy is passed into an innovative econo- my based on the thesis that capital accumulation is the main vehicle for economic growth. The rate of economic growth in the innovative economy depends on the prod- ucts and services resulting from knowledge (R&D) Chen (2008); Drucker (2002); Tocan (2012) Data Economy (2011-) Industry 4.0 enable that humanity is generating more information than an individual can implement. It is also coming to the situation that more interdependencies emerging than an individual can handle, and rapid chang- es have been observed that are difficult to track. ICT and big data analytics have given rise to the “data economy”. Society is coming to data accumulation instead of capital. Data’s key features become: data present a by-product of economic activity; data is the information used for prediction and uncertainty reduction enhances organi- sations profit. Implementing data-driven solutions in the human ecosystem enables the flow of services, opera- tions and functions and the design and implementation of strategies and policies. The government policies allow the emergence of open data (freely available) Farboodi & Veldkamo, 2021; Teece, 2018: Wamba et al., 2019 296 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers is going for the security in Industry 4.0, the digital world’s combination with new technologies creates new battle- fields, especially in the cyber world, increases access to lethal technologies, and makes administration and nego- tiations between countries to secure peace more difficult (Horowitz, 2019). The Industry 4.0 technologies also offer expanded possibilities for warfare, which are increasingly available to state and non-state actors, such as autonomous weapons, nanomaterials, biological and biochemical weap- ons, portable devices and distributed energy sources (Yoo, 2017). New AI-based autonomous weapons also pose a potential threat to humanity. Without legal restrictions on these technologies’ operation and development, there may be unauthorised use for terrorist purposes and likely AI dominance over humans in the fifth industrial revolution (Russel et al., 2015). In addition to concerns about grow- ing inequality and security threats, this fourth industrial revolution also affects us as individuals and community members, i.e., our identity. Digital media are already be- coming the main driver of our individual and collective shaping of society and community. They connect people to individuals and groups in new ways, fostering friendships and creating new interest groups. Moreover, such connec- tions transcend many traditional boundaries of interaction (Davis, 2016). Industry 4.0 has led to a digital transformation of the information society (in business and private life) and the future of Society 5.0. The future society members who will benefit from living and working in smart urban areas will enjoy their advantages enhanced by technological, social and cultural aspects that enable the concept of smart living. The Japanese government introduced Society 5.0 in 2016 as the 5th Science and Technology Master Plan (Cabinet Office, 2016). The concept was described as a vision of a Journals Annals of the American Association of Geographers Applied Science Computer Data Engineering IEEE Communications Magazine Information International Journal of Production Economics Inzinerine ekonomika-engineering economics Journal of Asian Public Policy Journal of Clinical Medicine Journal of Industrial Integration and Management-Innovation and Entrepreneurship Journal of the Knowledge Economy Journal of the Manufacturing Systems Kybernetes Libri-International Journal of Libraries and Information Studies Nature Omics-A Journal of Integrative Biology Pakistan journal of medical sciences Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya Sustainability Technology Analysis & Strategic Management Wireless Personal Communications Zeitschrift fur Wirtschaftsgeographie Table 3: Journals used for the scientometric analysis and systemic literature review 297 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers future society characterised by scientific and technological innovation. It aims to create a society centred on human beings that, by merging the physical world with cyber- space, will facilitate economic development and ensure a high quality of life for all citizens (Fukuda, 2020; Potočan, Mulej and Nedeljko, 2020). 3 Research methodology The study aims to provide an interpretive overview of the emergence of Society 5.0, and it is prepared using a mixed research methodology. The study was designed Figure 1: The three steps study protocol 298 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers with the software V osviewer version 1.6.16 and includes scientometric research used to construct density visualis- ation and identify the topic clusters based on the keywords co-occurrence (van Eck & Waltman, 2020). In selecting the literature, was followed the three-step protocol ap- proach used in previous studies such as Chandra and Walk- er (2020), Dabić et al. (2020), and Palumbo et al. (2021). A three-step protocol (Figure 1) includes i) data collection: selecting articles published in scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science database; ii) data cleaning: a manual review of article titles and abstracts. Based on their con- tent, we excluded articles that were inappropriate in terms of content; and 3) basic analysis: in-depth review of the articles covered. The search itself is divided into two parts. The first part includes the articles’ classification according to scientometric research, and the second part is followed by an interpretation of the articles’ content. Table 3 pre- sents papers from the journals used in analyses. The first phase includes the data collection process. The search for articles was done in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The Boolean keyword combination was used to search for the relevant papers (TS = (Society 5.0) AND LANGUAGE: (English) AND DOCUMENT TYPES: (Article, Review) Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI and ESCI). It was no temporal restrictions. The search results were limited to the research and review articles published in the refereed journals only. The peer review was limited to scientific journals written in Eng- lish and was not intended to provide a comprehensive as- sessment of the state’s totality. In the second phase (data cleaning), only the important papers whose content fits the research area were included along with their topics. The papers’ content (titles, abstracts, keywords and conclu- sion) was manually reviewed, and those whose content did not match the research phenomenon were eliminated. In the third phase (core analyses), the information from 36 papers was exported from the WOS, all selected papers’ data were chosen and then exported in text format. The data were then imported into V osviewer version 1.6.16. The search was performed on April 14 2021. The WOS database was used as a literature source be- cause it is the most reliable and comprehensive source of data and is frequently used in bibliometric research on the progress and evaluation of various scientific fields (Berna- tović et al. 2021). 4 Results and discussion 4.1 The visualisation of the topic clusters Figure 2 is a visual representation of the cluster anal- ysis results based on the co-occurrence of keywords. In table 4 are presented the clusters with their most impor- tant keywords. First, in the analysing process, a minimum number of occurrences of keyword one was determined. Of the 136 keywords, 102 keywords meet the threshold. Next, the authors manually removed seven keywords relat- ed to the choice of research methods in the articles and are not associated with the topic’s content (e.g., content analy- sis, methodology, case study). Then, for the remaining 95 keywords, the overall strength of the co-correlation links with other keywords was calculated. A total of nine clusters were found. Some of the clus- ters were interwoven with each other. However, as shown in Figure 2, the clusters are mostly relatively far apart from each other. Therefore, it can be concluded that most of the topics covered in this literature review do not overlap. Figure 2: Co-occurrences of keyword network (min. 1). Data source: WOS. Visualisation: VOSviewer 299 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers Each cluster offers a different topic. Thus, all nine clus- ters provide a comprehensive overview of what is already known about Society 5.0. We did not need to reduce the number of clusters because we wanted to discover the broadest knowledge from homogeneous pieces to present a new social phenomenon. This approach allowed us to give a comprehensive view of research and theory in the field of Society 5.0. On average, the clusters contained nine articles, rang- ing from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 12. According to the topics, the clusters can be divided into a part relat- ed to the consideration of Society 5.0 itself and a second part associated with Industry 5.0. The naming of clusters is based on the authors’ personal views and experiences of the research topic. According to the co-occurrence analy- sis, up to the present day, it can be concluded that terms artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, big data, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, open innovation, Society 5.0, super-smart society have been widely used in researches in the last three years. 4.2 Systematic literature review As part of the systematic analysis of the articles, ac- cording to the content of each cluster, authors have de- cided to group clusters 2- Industry 4.0 and transformation processes for Society 5.0, 3- Technological development and 9- Industry 4.0 as well as 5- Society 5.0 and the en- vironment, 7- Society 5.0 and innovations and 8- Society 5.0 and medicine, into subchapters that are rounded off in terms of content due to their semantic similarity. Table 4: Topic clusters of Society 5.0 research from 2017- March, 31 2021 (n = 36) Clusters Cluster colour in Figure 2 Topic community cluster Top items Total numbers of terms 1 red New approaches in HRM generation, work values, personal innovativeness, career 14 2 green Industry 4.0 and trans- formation processes for Society 5.0 Industry 4.0, cities, culture, smart society, human-cen- tred management systems 13 3 blue Technological develop- ment Artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, big data, open innovation, Internet 13 4 yellow Industry 5.0 Industry 5.0, blockchain, decentralised web, innova- tion ecosystems, knowledge circulation 13 5 purple Society 5.0 and the envi- ronment Super-smart society, innova- tion policy, climate change, disaster management, Japan 10 6 light blue Corporate social respon- sibility CSR, financial performance, ISO 26000, organisational innovations, sociotechnical systems, social responsible economic 9 7 orange Society 5.0 and innova- tions data-driven innovation, technology and innovation, system resilience, productiv- ity and growth, science 9 8 brown Society 5.0 and medicine Covid-19, AI, emerging tech- nology, medicine 4.0, the industrial revolution 8 9 light purple Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0, digitalised soci- ety, open data performance, SDGs, super-smart society 6 300 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers 4.2.1 Society 5.0 and social changes In the modern world, the process of digitalisation is strongly embedded in social processes. It thus influences changes in the contexts of reference for human action and increasingly shapes human-machine relations. The impor- tance of the technological approach for the future trans- formation of societal processes is already evident in the Japanese concept of Society 5.0, which has emerged as a strategic national policy initiative. The concept goal is to transform the science, technology and innovation system toward Society 5.0 (Fukuda, 2020). The actual purpose of this strategy is defined by Hayashi et al. (2017, 264) as follows: »… create new values by collaborating and cooper- ating with several different systems, and plans standard- isation of data formats, models, system architecture, etc. and development of necessary human resources. Besides, it is expected that enhancements of intellectual properties development, international standardisation, IoT system construction technologies, big data analysis technologies, artificial intelligence technologies, and it is encouraging Japans competitiveness in a»super-smart society. « According to the authors, it is a serious concept of so- cial development that will affect all levels of society. The concept elements are based on the role of individual tech- nology relationship by promoting the quality of life in a sustainable world and the emergence of a superintelligent society. Yousfikhahb (2017) has highlighted that if society 5.0 is to be a successful concept, it must integrate inno- vation policies (from the government), entrepreneurship (from the society) and entrepreneurial skills (from the civil society and institutions). The author also warns that “the social aspects of technology are usually underestimated in the policy-making process which may impact limiting the policy intentions underlying the implementation of Soci- ety 5.0”. It can be concluded that self-organisation in smart tech- nologies has an important influence on the future societal impact of smart technologies. Human self-organisation will depend on the availability of smart technologies in the future, especially in education, business and personal life. The use of smart technologies also opens ethical dilemmas about communication in CPS connexion with personal pri- vacy. These implications can be found in a more dynamic social system in terms of socialisation, but it can also lead to negative consequences, such as losing personal contact with friends and family (Roblek, Meško, Dimovski, and Peterlin, 2019; Shiroishi et al., 2018). 4.2.2 Society 4.0 and transformation to Society 5.0 Society 4.0 was created based on a German econom- ic program called Industry 4.0. To this program, Germany aimed to boost the economy in Germany and all of Europe. The Japanese responded with the concept of Society 5.0. If European countries rely on the gradual integration of artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies to further develop an innovatively designed economy, the Japanese have decided to go beyond this concept and take the next step in data-driven social development to establish Society 5.0 (Onday, 2019). The main goal of Society 5.0 is to enable the wellbeing of citizens provided by available system services that also enable value creation for society (e.g., economic develop- ment, social transformation, and economic growth). There- fore, the program implementation introduced next-gener- ation technologies, governance reform, and value-creating strategies developed for urban centres (Fukuda, 2020). The aim of Society 5.0 is to further combine inno- vative knowledge with the use of AI, which is only in the concept or development phase, and to offer new hu- man-centred technological solutions in all areas of human activity. It should be noted that Society 4.0 focuses more on technological solutions in the field of digitalisation of businesses and local government processes, intending to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the operational and financial processes of private and public organisations and public administration (Pereira, Lima, & Charrua-San- tos, 2020). On the other side, Society 5.0 is expected to be more involved in all population groups’ general social development. Thus, there would be a commercial focus on using new technologies and what is called social robotics. Therefore, AI, IoT, virtual reality, algorithms, cyber-phys- ical systems (CPS) would lead to positive social effects that can be incorporated under this technology (Serpanos, 2018; Song, Song, Timakum, Ryu, & Lee, 2018): • Home automation for independent living (home security and safety systems, motion sensors, remote mon- itoring, indoor air quality control, smart lighting, safe bed, smart sofa, domestic/service robots), • health and wellbeing for functional ability (safe- ty bracelets, activity wristbands, personal health monitor, smart medicine disappearances, exercise and memory games, smart rollator, daily medical testing) and active participation and social inclusion (entertainment and news, smart governance, online work, video chat, remote medi- cal consultation). CPS presents the urban governance system and ena- bles the emergence of the so-called smart community that thrives in the data economy (Kuru & Ansell, 2020). Com- munities also began with the research about the modes of preparation for transforming the local community into a smart community, including fintech solutions. The city’s urbanisation has to enable urban solutions to become suit- able for implementing and integrating the information technologies (Alawadhi et al., 2012). The Canadian Gov- ernance Center at The Ottawa University was criticised for its research approach, which they felt was too technically oriented. They suggested that research concepts should be 301 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers more governance-oriented, emphasising the importance of social relations and social capital in urban development (Albino, Berardi, & Dangelico, 2015). The lack of gener- ally accepted definitions that would clearly explain these terms is partly due to the different scientific fields from which they originate and partly due to changing trends. 4.2.3 Emergence of the Industry 5.0 If Industry 4.0 has been introduced, the concepts such as CPS, IoT, blockchain, smart factory, big data, cloud storage and cybersecurity, which all have an important function for manufacturing efficiency and lower costs of production (Nahavandi, 2019; Jerman et al., 2020), Indus- try 5.0 is going beyond Industry 4.0. The focus of Industry 5.0 is on the interaction between machines and semi-fin- ished products, individual machine parts, robots and peo- ple. For this process to succeed, the use of big data is es- sential. Therefore, it is going for a technology that enables the collection and processing of large amounts of data in real-time (Büchi, Cugno, & Castagnoli, 2020). Further- more, for the transition to Industry 5.0 itself, it is important to make rapid progress in the areas of AI, machine learning (ML), robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous ve- hicles and cars, 3D and 4D printing, virtual and augmented reality, wearable materials, additive manufacturing, nano- technology, biotechnology, energy storage and quantum computing (European Commission, 2021). According to the European Commission, in January 2021, it adopted the document Industry 5.0: Towards a more sustainable, resilient and human-centric industry. It follows that Industry 5.0 complements and expands Industry 4.0. Thus, Industry 5.0 focuses on aspects that will shape economic and technological development and determine the direction of industrial policies in the future European society. These factors also have environmental, social and fundamental rights dimensions. The document emphasises that Industry 5.0 should not be compared as a chronological continuation of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, nor should it be understood as an alternative. The docu- ment is thus defined as (European Commission, 2021). “The result of a forward-looking exercise to help frame how European industry and emerging societal trends and needs can co-exist”. 4.2.4 Corporate social responsibilities According to Keidanren (2016, 3), Society 5.0 presents a new vision of society: »that incorporates several new technologies in all in- dustries and social activities and achieves both economic development–primarily based on Sustainable Develop- ment Goals established by the United Nations, and solu- tions to key social problems in the present society«. As part of the implementation of the concept of Soci- ety 5.0 in Japan, Keidanren (Japan Business Federation) amended the Charter of Corporate Behavior, also added the section on “Achieving a Sustainable Society” as part of the amendments, with the primary goal of proactively achiev- ing the Sustainable Development Goals. SDGs) by creat- ing a Society 5.0 (Fukuyama, 2018). According to these changes, Society 5.0 enabled a responsible human-centred society and offered a promising integral framework for the potential development of CSR in organisations (Potočan et al., 2020). 4.2.5 Society 5.0 and social innovations Within the societal innovations associated with Society 5.0, we focus on the impact of innovative technologies in healthcare, climate change, and disaster management. It is expected that new technologies in the medical field will also become one of the capillaries of Society 5.0. Thus, smart tools adapted to medical needs include material in- novations, nano-devices, and smart technology (sensors, controls) (Lewis, Gandomkar, & Brennar, 2019), making their way into medicine. Artificial intelligence is also play- ing an increasingly important role in medicine. For exam- ple, AI-based medical image analysis has already been established in some Covid ten centres. In addition, AI is becoming increasingly customer-centric and impacting the quality of medical services (Vaishya et al., 2020). In climate change and disaster management, a trans- formation of disaster and climate change management is expected in the context of innovative solutions brought by Society 5.0. Environmental and climate change requires the development of technologies that enable the early de- tection and adaptation of hazards. The goal is to provide faster and more effective information. Increased use of technology in Society 5.0 is also expected to improve en- vironmental and public health protection (Mavrodieva & Show, 2020). 5 Discussion and conclusion According to the co-occurrence analyse of the papers key words were the most discussed topics careers, Society 5.0 in connection with Covid-19, data-driven innovation, cities, analytics, enterprise systems, big data, knowledge, Society 5.0 in relationship with digitised society, open data, performance expectations, Industry 5.0, blockchain, critical juncture. The paper discusses a series of activities necessary to transfer modern knowledge and new technologies, typical of the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, from re- search institutes and economic entities to the broader so- ciety, Society 5.0. The process can be achieved by imple- menting knowledge and technologies in the IoT, robotics 302 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers and Big Data to transform the existing society into a smart society (Society 5.0). In particular, the concept would en- able the adaptation of services and industrial activities to individuals’ real needs, as these technologies allow ad- vanced digital service platforms that will eventually be integrated into all areas of life. Our study indicates that the more intensive the tran- sition to Society 5.0 will be, the more services and daily tasks can be provided via the cloud, e.g., on the Internet. Therefore, this data processing would send information or enable services related to applications on the telephone, the computer and robots, among others. This will allow in- dividuals to have more free time and the free allocation of other activities because artificial intelligence will replace manual data processing, typical of traditional digital algo- rithms. Therefore, it will save much time and increase the productivity of the individual. As a result, it will positively affect increasing the value-added in the economy and en- hance all generations. Authors expect that with the emerging Society 5.0, developed economies will solve many social problems through innovation in technology and science. According to some estimates, the share of Japan’s working population will shrink from 77 million to about 54 million people by 2050 (National Institute of Population and Social Security Research: IPSS 2017). Economists estimate that it is pre- cisely the demographic problem that will cause fewer and fewer young people to opt for family and children, which means that the number of older people in need of social care will increase. This applies to Japanese society, which faces a similar, equally pressing demographic problem and many European countries (National Institute of Population and Social Security Research: IPSS 2017). In addition, the developed economies face environmental degradation problems, logistical problems (transport of people and goods within cities, between cities and rural areas, and en- vironmental protection or reduction of greenhouse gases - climate change). The limitations of the research can be divided into content and methodological limitations. Among the con- tent limitations, the presentation of only some aspects of Society 5.0 applies because we used to analyse only the research papers from the WOS database. As methodolog- ical limitations, we refer to the boundary associated with the research paradigm. This paper’s limitation is that it is based on scientific paper reviews and not on primary re- search. It is based on a topic whose development for the future capabilities of artificial intelligence depends on a parallel development of cyberspace and its importance for everyday human life. Our study should be taken as inher- ently biased from an analytical perspective, but at the same time, it enriches us with data that quantitative methods cannot produce. For future research, we suggest examining and iden- tifying a set of good practices of Society 5.0. in Japan (Pereira et al., 2020) to assess the possibility of their im- plementation in other countries (especially in developing countries). We also propose future research to consider the risks that may arise in a digital society, e.g., cybersecuri- ty, including possible cyber terrorism, relations between humans and robotics and ethical questions related to AI implementation and enabling of decision-making instead of a human. Literature Albino, V ., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). 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California Law Re- view, 105, 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38D- 50FX0X Vasja Roblek, MPhil is a researcher and consultant. He received his B.A. degree in Banking from the University of Ljubljana and MPhil degree in Management from the University of Primorska. He is currently completing his PhD at the Faculty of Organisational Studies in Novo mesto. His main areas of expertise are digital transformation, information society, knowledge management, smart technologies and systemic approaches. He conducts research and consulting for 305 Organizacija, V olume 54 Issue 4, November 2021 Research Papers various international organisations. His work includes about 110 bibliographic records. He is also associated editor of the World Complexity Science Academy Science Journal. ORCID: 0000-0003-1182-3400 Maja Meško, PhD, is a Full Professor of Management at the Faculty of Management, University of Primorska and full professor of Human Research Management at the Faculty of Organization Science, University of Maribor. She received PhD in kinesiology, the title of her doctoral dissertation is Defining certain motor abilities and psychological characteristics of the Slovenian military pilots. Her research interests include the areas of management, psychology in management, occupational health and management. She has also participated in various projects. She authored or co-authored various scientific papers published in professional and academic journals. ORCID: 0000- 0002-3124-3094. Iztok Podbregar is a Dean and a Full Professor at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Maribor. His main research interests concern crisis management, critical infrastructure and human resource management. He is author of several monographs, scientific articles published in Slovenia and abroad. Mapiranje nastanka družbe 5.0: bibliometrična analiza Ozadje in namen prispevka: Cilj študije je odgovoriti na raziskovalno vprašanje: Kateri bistveni elementi tehnolo - ških inovacij omogočajo preobrazbo družbe 4.0 in industrije 4.0 v družbo 5.0 in industrijo 5.0? Študija je pomembna za praktike in raziskovalce, ker jih seznanja tako s samim pomenom družbe 5.0 kot z gonilniki, ki bodo pomagali oblikovati politike družbe 5.0 in igrali pomembno vlogo pri njenem nadaljnjem razvoju. Avtorji so tako izvedli kvantita - tivno bibliometrično študijo, ki daje vpogled v pomen teme ter vključuje aktualne značilnosti in prihodnje raziskovalne trende. Metodologija: Z namenu, da se pridobi vpogled v razvoj družbe 5.0, je bilo v študiji uporabljeno algoritemsko soča - sno pojavljanje ključnih besed. Z bibliometrično analizo smo analizirali 36 izbranih člankov iz baze Web of Science. Rezultati: Analiza sopojavnosti je pokazala, da se v zadnjih treh letih v raziskavah pogosto uporabljajo pojmi ume- tna inteligenca, kiber-fizični sistemi, veliki podatki, Industrija 4.0, Industrija 5.0, odprta inovacija, Družba 5.0, super- -pametna družba. Zaključek: Študija predstavlja bibliometrično analizo v okviru katere je bila izvedena analiza trenutnih in prihodnjih razvojnih gonilnih sil družbe 5.0. Glede na rezultate je prehod iz družbe 4.0 v družbo 5.0 mogoče doseči z implemen - tacijo znanja in tehnologij v IoT, robotiko in Big Data. Koncept bi zlasti omogočil prilagajanje storitev in industrijskih dejavnosti dejanskim potrebam posameznikov. Poleg tega te tehnologije omogočajo napredne platforme digitalnih storitev, ki bodo sčasoma integrirane v vsa področja življenja. Ključne besede: Družba 5.0, Industrija 5.0, Informacijska družba, Pametna družba, Podatkovno vodene inovacije