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and that at the same time it presents the results gained so far in a clear manner, which makes them accessible even to a wider circle of readers, e.g. students or journalists as well as to the lay public facing the complexities of the Slovene emigration or the Slovenes in the world in general for the first time. Great aids in this respect are numerous photographs, index of authors, and especially the concluding documentational part with the stated basic bibliographies, periodicals and more important publications. In the very selected bibliography, however, it would be advisable to do away with certain deficiencies, which derive from the fact that only those works were taken into consideration in the booklet, which had been published in the form of books or monographs. Some minor faults can also be detected in the texts themselves, such as the one in the table on p. 122 in which the estimates of the total number of Slovene emigrants are gathered (for Argentina, the number 1550 is stated, which is of course not in line with the actual situation and is altering the total number of Slovenes across the world). In the same table, we also cannot find a datum for the number of estimated emigrants in Italy, which is otherwise stated elsewhere in the booklet.
As a whole, the booklet no doubt deserves high marks, for it has filled the gap in the Slovene journalism covering this complex issue. It has not merely enumerated the many interesting facts associated with the Slovenes across the world but has called our attention to the numerous open questions concerning the Slovene emigration and further perspectives of the Slovene communities outside the Republic of Slovenia. Here the Slovene researchers, as well as the Slovene state itself, will have to devote, in contrast to the past when mostly emotional relations prevailed in relations with emigrants, much greater attention to the emigrants'situation, social status, linguistic practices, the rate of integration with the majority society, relationship with the original environment and, last but not least, to the additional opportunities of the Slovene state to suitably promote, through its very emigrants, its culture and at the same time to associate more closely, socially and economically, with the countries in which these communities are active. Within this framework we are convinced that the Slovene Emigration Society will continue to play an important part in retaining close relations between Slovene emigrants and their native soil.
Milan Bufon
Rada Cossutta: NAREČNA PODOBA KRIŽA PRI TRSTU
(Dialectal Profile of Križ near Trieste). Knjižnica Annales, 25. Koper, Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko - Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Republike Slovenije Koper, 2001, pp. 127
Rada Košuta (Cossutta), a Trieste Slovene, is a researcher of Slavic studies at the School of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators in Trieste. She has been co-operating with SRC Koper in the field of dialectology for several years. After obtaining the high school certificate of classical lyceum in Trieste, she continued her studies at the Faculty of Arts, where she graduated from classical philology. She completed her master's and doctoral theses, dealing with Slovene dialectology, at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana under the mentorship of Professor Tine Logar. These provided an excellent starting point for dialectological research in linguistically diverse territories such as Slovene Istria and bordering areas. Within the framework of dialectological research her main interest lies in so-called specialised terminologies (e.g. viticulture, agriculture, animal husbandry, microto-ponyms, oleoculture, etc.). For the oldest linguistic layers they usually hide, these are of undisputed importance for linguistics. She is also a researcher of Romance and Germanic loan words in Slovene vernaculars in the light
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of centuries-long intertwining between the Romance, Germanic and Slavic worlds. Being a former student of Mario Doria and due to her co-operation with Franco Crevatin, she is very familiar with etymology, which is regularly included in her dialectological research. It should be mentioned that dr. Košuta is a very dedicated, qualified and reliable field investigator, by all means conditio sin qua non for any good dialectologist.
Since her doctoral dissertation "Poljedelska in vinogradniška terminologija v govorih slovenske Istre" (Agricultural and Viticultural Terminology in the Dialects of Slovene Istria) (Faculty of Arts, Ljubljana 1994), she has been involved in the research of Istrian Slovene vernaculars. Her main interest lies in the vocabulary of these vernaculars, lying on the meeting point of the Romance and Slavic worlds, and therefore exposed to mutual interference. The first phase of her research work consists of field investigation. On the basis of a special questionnaire, she has been collecting Istrian Slovene dialectological materials for several years. So far, also with assistance of her students, she has researched 21 localities in Slovene Istria (Malija, Padna, Krkavče, Gažon, Šmarje, Koštabona, Pomjan, Boršt, Marezige, Trebeše, Belvedur, Pregara, Sočerga, Movraž, Osp, Dekani, Črni Kal, Potok, Kubed, Hrastovlje, Gračišče). All materials were tape recorded and later transcribed in accordance with the rules of the Slovene phonetic script. As a result, the dialectological lexical atlas of Slovene Istrian speech, the SDLA-Kp, available on CD, has been published.
Rada Košuta is an acknowledged dialectologist in Slavic and Romance linguistic circles in Slovenia and abroad (Italy, Austria, Hungary, Croatia). She regularly participates in Slovene as well as foreign meetings and congresses on Slavic and Romance studies. Her scientific and professional articles have been published by renowned scientific and professional journals. On this occasion, let me mention two linguistic atlases, the "Slovenski dialektološki atlas tržaške pokrajine" (Slovene Dialectological Lexical Atlas of the Trieste Province) (SDLA-Ts, 1987) and the above-mentioned "Slovenski dialektološki atlas koprske pokrajine" (Slovene Dialectological Lexical Atlas of the Koper Province) (SDLA-Kp, 2001). Both were published in Trieste and may represent her work and interests in the best possible way. She has been a valuable member of the linguistic project group within SRC Koper. Dialectal Profile of Križ near Trieste is a result of her research within the project "Etimološko-frazeološke raziskave slovenskih istrskih govorov" (Etymological-Phraseological Research of Slovene Istrian Vernaculars).
The book is divided into two main parts. The first, the most comprehensive part, based on the materials collected by the author, is a description of the Križ speech. It consists of grammar with phonetics and morphology, without syntax. The grammar is analysed in accordance
with the most recent findings of linguistics. All statements are supported by examples recorded by the author during field investigation. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that Križ is Košuta's native village and the Križ speech her mother idiom, which adds additional value to the authenticity of her treatise. In the conclusion of the presentation of the Križ speech a phonetic transcription of a text, as told by Mirko Košuta, and a filled in SLA questionnaire, the basis for this treatise, can be found.
The second part consists of two supplements, which round up the main essence of the book in an excellent way. These supplements, too, are based on field investigation carried out by the author. The first supplement, "Kriška ledinska imena" (Microtoponyms in Križ), deals with the toponymy of a specific Slovene speaking area (the village of Križ). The materials have been etymologi-cally analysed, and what bears extreme importance for Slovene national heritage, they show evident prevalence of local, that is Slavonic, microtoponyms, which were preserved in the Križ speech despite centuries-long Romance influences - Romance names account for one third only. The second supplement, "Kriška hišna imena" (House Names in Križ), discusses approximately 100 terms analysed from the morphological, etymological, and lexicological points of view. The etymological analysis reveals a multi-layered character of the Križ speech, while the vocabulary analysis offers an insight into the development of the culture of this tiny piece of Slovene territory through Romance and Germanic influences - influences at all levels, from cultural to linguistic. It should be emphasised that besides their etymological value both supplements also carry cultural value; for example, they unveil objects and concepts no longer used, and microtoponyms especially reflect numerous elements of the structure of the old-time village, etc.
This book shall fill up the gap felt in the research of Slovene Istrian and particularly those vernaculars spoken by the Slovene speaking communities outside Slovenia. Few works only dealing with this topic have been published so far; apart from the above stated Košuta's atlases, two titles should be mentioned: the "Narečni slovar govora Svetega Antona pri Kopru" (Dialectological Dictionary of the Sveti Anton near Koper Speech), unfortunately written in a very unprofessional way, by Dušan Jakomin, and "Geografska imena v severozahodni Istri" (Toponyms in North-Western Istria) by Julij Titl (published in the same collection, Library Annales).
Slovene Istrian vernaculars and those spoken by Slovene speaking communities abroad have therefore been neglected by modern research of Slovene studies. What can be found in so-called reference books (textbooks, encyclopaedias, etc.) is based on research carried out in the first half of the 20th century. In our opinion, though, borders between Istrian Slovene and Slovene vernaculars spoken in Italy should be drawn anew. And, what is most important, all of these vernaculars should be dealt
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with together, as an inseparable unit. This way only can we reach knowledge, which will allow us to draw new, more correct and accurate borders. They need to be, more accurately than up to now, dealt with within the framework of both Romance and Slavonic neighbouring vernaculars. Neighbouring non-related idioms are the ones which will allow us to identify loan words belonging to older linguistic layers, which were not preserved in the vernacular that loaned them - of course this is valid for research in the opposite direction, too. Rada Kosuta wrote her book in accordance with all criteria described above. Her work, together with the ones that still need to be written and published, will enable us to reach the aim set at SRC Koper years ago: a more correct and accurate definition of dialectal borders of the Slovene linguistic territory in Istria and Italy, the need for which has been present for a long time now. More research will be needed, vernaculars of all Istrian villages as well as those on the other side of the border have to be recorded and analysed. Times of being unprofessional in dialectology have passed. The book in our hands is the first one to deal with a vernacular spoken by a Slovene speaking community in Italy in a modern and completely scientific way.
In conclusion, dr. Kosuta's monograph is an extremely valuable scientific work, which bears, as I said before, a high cultural value. Today, in the atmosphere of total globalisation, big danger is lurking at so-called minor languages or actually languages of "minor nations" - that they will simply disappear in the oceans of universal Americanisation. A fate even crueller is awaiting dialects, let alone Slovene vernaculars in Italy, which have been drowning in the sea of the Romance culture and world for centuries. This book might represent a contribution to the preservation of a Slovene vernacular spoken in a small village on the other side of the border. However, if despite this it vanishes in inevitable complete globalisation, at least we will have evidence of its existence, and not only that, we will have its integral portrait from the end of the 20th century!
Goran Filipi
BUZETSKI ZBORNIK 28 (28th volume of Buzet Booklet). Buzet, Katedra Cakavskog sabora Buzet, Pucko otvoreno učili ste "Augustin Vivoda" Buzet, "Josip Turčinovic" d.o.o. Pazin, 2002, pp. 486
This year (2002), the 28th volume of Buzetski zbornik has been published. The texts, arranged in seven chapters, were contributed by forty authors.
The Buzet area is a place of inexhaustible investigatory opportunities, believes Klara Matijašic - Buršic
PhD, who has been visiting the area, as an archaeologist, for a number of years, as demonstrated in her contribution Toponymy of the Buzet Area. Prof. Elena Grah, on the other hand, wrote about phonological characteristics of the local idiom in the village of Krbavčici. The contents are dedicated to the analysis of the village's phonological characteristics: accentuation, vocalism and consonantism. The author initially deals with accentuation. The accentuation structure of this idiom has two units, the short-descending and long-descending accents, with no unaccentuated lengths.
Within the vocal inventory framework she analyses the point of realisation of all ten units, i.e. of vowel i, closed e, ordinary e, open e, vowel a, closed a, ordinary and closed vowel o, vowel u and reduced vowel which has, in this idiom, the status of a vowel as well. She concludes the presentation of phonological characteristics by analysing the consonant inventory and the consonant groups.
In the conclusions, the author repeats the basic theses by confirming the affiliation of this idiom to the cha-kavski dialect.
In the end the author presents a list of reflexes of the 33rd letter in the Glagolitic alphabet in the root and grammatical morphemes with examples that confirm them.
The phrases of the Buzet idioms are presented by Prof. Nataša Vivoda.
Prof. Vivoda deals with the phrases (as constant expressions entering the vocabulary in a unified and unchanged form) most often used in the Buzet idioms. Sixty phrases are presented, although the so-called phrases of comparing type predominate in the Buzet idioms.
In the text entitled "Stjepan Konzul in the Croatist research of the 20th century", Alojz Jembrih chronologically presents the works of various Slavists / Croatists and historians dealing with Stjepan Konzul. Within the framework of a wider spectre of bibliographic units, the author demonstrates how Konzul's work had been in the centre of scientific research as early as in the 17th century as well as in the ensuing periods until the end of the
20th century.
Konzul's work in Urach, as of translator of books into Croatian language, printed in the Glagolitic, Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, found its place in the history of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets and of Croatian language, in the history of the Bible translating and in the history of typography and literature of Croatia as well as Gradišce. All this demonstrates to what extent Stjepan Konzul of Buzet was (and will be) present in the Croatist research, for in spite of all the investigations carried out so far there is still much to be studied and written about him.
On the basis of archival material and registers of the town of Pula, Slaven Bertoša PhD writes about surnames
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