128 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. Spomenik padlim v bitki na Sutjeski • Tjentište, Dolina herojev, Bosna in Hercegovina • Kipar: Miodrag Živković • Arhitekt: Ðorđe Zloković (konstrukcija) • Material: beton • Fotografije: Roberto Conte • Besedilo: Robert Potokar Memorial to those killed in the battle of the Sutjeska • Tjentište, Dolina herojev (Valley of the Heroes), Bosnia and Herzegovina • Sculptor: Miodrag Živković • Architect: Ðorđe Zloković (structure) • Material: visible concrete • Photographs: Roberto Conte • Text: Robert Potokar 17_ SUTJESKA, TJENTIŠTE, 1971 Miodrag Živković, Ðorđe Zloković BIH 129arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Spomenik v narodnem parku Sutjeska je izjemno delo kiparja Miodraga Živkovića in eno najboljših skulpturalnih obeležij v jugoslovanskem prostoru. Postavljen je bil v spomin na borce, padle v bitki na Sutjeski, kjer so se partizani v peti nemški ofen- zivi leta 1943 z velikimi žrtvami prebili iz okupatorjevega obroča. Skupno je umrlo več kot 7500 ljudi, spomenik s kostnico pa je posvečen 3301 padlemu borcu. Poleg oblikovnih, arhitekturnih in simbolnih odlik je prepoznan tudi zaradi filma Sutjeska iz leta 1973, ki je bil skupaj s filmom Neretva (1969) vrhunski produkt jugoslovan- ske kinematografije z narodnoosvobodilno tematiko. Skulptura v dolini reke Sutje- ske pod obronki vršacev Zelengore, postavljena na rahlo dvignjenem mestu, s svo- jo višino – 19 metrov – dominira nad Dolino herojev. Krili iz belega betona, ki sim- bolno ponazarjata dve koloni partizanov v prebijanju skozi nemški obroč, sta s svojo impresivno dinamiko postavljeni osno simetrično na dostopno pot. Vpeti v tla in diagonalno nagnjeni v stranskem pogledu delujeta breztežno, kot bi poleteli. Njuno masivnost optično zmanjšuje geometrija izrazitih ekspresivnih ploskev, med katerimi je zaznati obraze partizanov. Kompozicijo zaključi višje ležeč, centralno postavljen avditorij s polkrožnimi zidci z imeni brigad in čet, ki so se borile na Sutje- ski. Po postavitvi spomenika leta 1971 so v neposredni bližini zgradili še nekaj objektov – spominski dom, hotelski nastanitveni kompleks in dodatna obeležja. Večina jih je bila v času zadnje vojne v Bosni poškodovanih. Od leta 2019 je spome- nik spet v razmeroma dobrem stanju: betonsko površino so očistili, prav tako so sanirali zemeljski plaz, ki je odnesel del terena pod spomenikom. The memorial in national park Sutjeska is an exceptional work by sculptor Mi- odrag Živković and one of the best sculptural memorials in the Yugoslav space. It was erected in memory of the fighters killed in the battle of the Sutjeska when the Partisans suffered a terrible death toll as they broke out of the enemy encircle- ment in the 5th Nazi offensive in 1943. More than 7,500 people were killed in total; the monument with the ossuary is dedicated to 3,301 fighters killed in ac- tion. Beside its visual, architectural, and symbolic qualities, the monument’s pro- file was raised also by the 1973 film Sutjeska, which, together with Neretva (1969) is the pinnacle of Yugoslav cinematography dealing with the theme of people’s liberation. Nineteen metres in height and placed on a slight elevation, the sculp- ture in the valley of the river Sutjeska under the foothills of Zelengora’s peaks dominates over the Valley of the Heroes. Symbolically representing two Partisan columns breaking through the Nazi encirclement, the two white-concrete wings of impressive dynamics are placed on an axis symmetrical to the access path. Anchored in the ground and diagonally slanted, the side view causes the wings to appear weightless, as if they have taken flight. Optically, their massiveness is re- duced by the geometry of pronouncedly expressive surfaces, some of which re- veal the faces of Partisans. The composition is concluded by a raised, centrally positioned auditorium with semicircular parapets containing the names of bri- gades and platoons which fought on the Sutjeska. After the erection of the monu- ment in 1971, several more buildings were constructed in the immediate vicinity - a memorial hall, an accommodation complex, and further memorials. Most of these were damaged during the time of the Bosnian war. Since 2019, the monu- ment is once again in a relatively good state of repair: the concrete surface has been cleaned, and the landslide, which had swept away part of the terrain under the monument, was stabilised.