160 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. 33_ ŠID, 1988 Miroslav Krstonošić, Jovan Soldatović, Milan Sapundžić VOJ Spominsko obeležje sremske fronte • Adaševci, Šid, Vojvodina • Arhitekt: Miroslav Krstonošić • Kipar: Jovan Soldatović • Krajinski arhitekt: Milan Sapundžić • Material: opeka, les, voda, mavec • Status: kulturni spomenik • Fotografije: Relja Ivanić • Besedilo: Ljiljana Miletić Abramović Memorial to the Syrmian Front • Adaševci, Šid, Vojvodina • Architect: Miroslav Krstonošić • Sculptor: Jovan Soldatović • Landscape architect: Milan Sapundžić • Material: brick, timber, water, plaster • Status: cultural monument • Photographs: Relja Ivanić • Text adapted by: Ljiljana Miletić Abramović 161arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Spominsko obeležje sremske fronte je nastalo kot eden zadnjih velikih jugoslo- vanskih partizanskih memorialnih kompleksov. Postavljeno je bilo v spomin na borce narodnoosvobodilne vojske Jugoslavije in sovjetske Rdeče armade, ki so ob koncu druge svetovne vojne (boji so potekali od 21. oktobra 1944 do 13. apri- la 1945) prebili sremsko fronto na glavni zgodovinski obrambni črti fašistične Nemčije in Neodvisne države Hrvaške. Kompleks leži blizu vasi Adaševci na levem bregu reke Bosut, na površini 28 hektarjev, na 106. kilometru t. i. avtoceste brat- stva in enotnosti, ki je bila zgrajena leta 1950 in povezuje Beograd in Zagreb. Postavljen je bil ob obnovi avtoceste v osemdesetih letih 20. stoletja. Sestavljajo ga trije deli: Zbirališče, Aleja časti in muzej. Zbirališče oblikuje sedemdeset verti- kalnih opečnih zidov z vgrajenimi ploščami z imeni vseh vojaških enot, ki so sode- lovale v bojih na obrambni črti sremske fronte, in s tremi reliefi na mestu bojnih linij. Aleja časti stoji na črti preboja obrambne linije. Oblikovana je kot 40 metrov širok in 130 metrov dolg koridor, zarezan v tla v smeri vzhod–zahod. Vzdolž nje se vrstijo obeležja brigad in imena več deset tisoč padlih borcev osvobodilnih vojsk – Jugoslavije, Sovjetske zveze in Bolgarije. Spomenik tako prostorsko, simbolno, oblikovno in pomensko kot materialno oblikuje osupljivo vizualno kuliso, ki je v popolni harmoniji z ravninskim območjem lokacije. Kompleksna urbanistično-ar- hitekturna in kiparska rešitev spominskega kompleksa je bila izbrana z nateča- jem, predsednik žirije je bil priznani srbski arhitekt Bogdan Bogdanović (1922– 2010). Avtorji spominskega obeležja so akademski kipar Jovan Soldatović (1920– 2005), arhitekt Miroslav Krstonošić (r. 1932) in krajinski arhitekt Milan Sapundžić (1925–2006). Spominski kompleks je bil v devetdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja med spopadi ob razpadu Jugoslavije zelo poškodovan. V obdobju med letoma 2003 in 2005 je bil delno obnovljen, a z zgraditvijo pravoslavne kapelice, ki se glede na kraj, kjer je bila zgrajena, pa tudi glede na obliko in slog ne ujema s prostorskim kontekstom in prvotno avtorsko vizijo spomenika, tudi bistveno spremenjen. Čeprav je bilo spominsko obeležje sremske fronte razglašeno za kul- turni spomenik, je njegovo vzdrževanje prepuščeno lokalni skupnosti. The memorial to the Syrmian Front is one of the final major Yugoslav Partisan memorial complexes. It was built in memory of the killed fighters of the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Red Army who broke through the Syrmian Front on the main historical defence line of Nazi Germany and the Inde- pendent State of Croatia at the end of World War 2 (the fighting took place be- tween 21st October 1944 and 13th April 1945). The complex is located near vil- lage Adaševci on the left bank of the river Bosut, at kilometre 106 of the Brother- hood and Unity Highway linking Belgrade and Zagreb, constructed in 1950. It was built concurrent with the highway’s renovation in the 1980s. It comprises three parts: the Gathering Area, the Promenade of Honour, and the Museum. The Gathering Area is formed by seventy vertical brick walls containing plaques with the names of all military units who took part in the fighting on the Syrmian Front defence line, while the actual sites of the battle lines feature three reliefs. The Promenade of Honour is sited at the line of penetration through the Syrmian Front defence line and designed as a 40 m wide and 13 m long corridor cut into the ground with an east-west orientation. Along the alley, there are memorials for the various brigades and the names of several tens of thousands of killed liberation army fighters, i.e. the Yugoslav Army, Red Army, and the Bulgarian Army. Spatially, symbolically, visually, materially, as well as in terms of its mean- ing, the monument forms a breathtaking visual backdrop that is in perfect har- mony with the lowland area of the site. The complex urbanist-architectural and sculptural solution of the memorial complex was chosen in a competition with the jury presided by the acclaimed Yugoslav and Serbian architect Bogdan Bogdanović (b. 1922, d. 2010). Authors of the memorial are sculptor Jovan Soldatović (b. 1920, d. 2005), architect Miroslav Krstonosić (b. 1932), and land- scape architect Milan Sapundžić (b. 1925, d. 2006). In the 1990s, the memorial complex suffered extensive damage during armed clashes which caused the break-up of Yugoslavia. Between 2003 and 2005, the complex was partially reno- vated, but also significantly altered with the construction of an Orthodox chapel which is in terms of the site where it was erected, as well as visually and stylisti- cally at odds with the spatial context and original creative vision of the monu- ment. Despite the memorial to the Syrmian Front having been declared a cul- tural monument, the maintenance was relegated to the local community.