57/3 · 2016 Folia biologica e t g e o l o g ic a Ex: Razprave razreda za naravoslovne vede Dissertationes classis IV (Historia naturalis) 57/3 2016 SLOVENSKA AKADEMIJA ZNANOSTI IN UMETNOSTI ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM ET ARTIUM SLOVENICA Razred za naravoslovne vede – Classis IV: Historia naturalis LJUBLJANA 2016 Folia biologica et geologica iSSN 1855-7996 Uredniški odbor / Editorial Board Matjaž Gogala, Špela Goričan, Milan Herak (Hrvaška), Ivan Kreft, Ljudevit Ilijanič (Hrvaška), Mario Pleničar, Livio Poldini (Italija), Dragica Turenšek, Branko Vreš in Mitja Zupančič Glavni in odgovorni urednik / Editor Ivan Kreft Tehnični urednik / Technical Editor Janez Kikelj Oblikovanje / Design Milojka Žalik Huzjan Prelom / Layout Medija grafično oblikovanje Sprejeto na seji razreda za naravoslovne vede SAZU dne 21. decembra 2015 in na seji predsedstva dne 23. februarja 2016. Naslov Uredništva / Editorial Office Address FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA SAZU Novi trg 3, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Faks / Fax: +386 (0)1 4253 423, E-pošta / E-mail: sazu@sazu.si; www.sazu.si Avtorji v celoti odgovarjajo za vsebino in jezik prispevkov. The autors are responsible for the content and for the language of their contributions. Revija izhaja dvakrat do štirikrat letno / The Journal is published two to four times annually Zamenjava / Exchange Biblioteka SAZU, Novi trg 3, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Faks / Fax: +386 (0)1 4253 462, E-pošta / E-mail: sazu-biblioteka@zrc-sazu.si Folia biologica et geologica (ex Razprave IV. razreda SAZU) je vključena v / is included into: Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP, Philadelphia) / Index to Social Sciences & Humanities Proceedings (ISSHP, Philadelphia) / GeoRef Serials / BIOSIS Zoological Record / Internationale Bibliographie des Zeitschriften (IBZ) / Redakcion Homo / Colorado State University Libraries / CABI (Walling ford, Oxfordshire). Folia biologica et geologica (ex Razprave IV. razreda SAZU) izhaja s finančno pomočjo / is published with the financial support Javne agencije za raziskovalno dejavnost RS / Slovenian Research Agency. © 2016, Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti Vse pravice pridržane. Noben del te izdaje ne sme biti reproduciran, shranjen ali prepisan v kateri koli obliki oz. na kateri koli način, bodisi elektronsko, mehansko, s fotokopiranjem, snemanjem ali kako drugače, brez predhodnega pisnega dovoljenja last­nikov avtorskih pravic. / All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmit­ted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Naslovnica: Stand of the subassociation Pseudostellario-Carpinetum betuli leucojetosum aestivi, Lijak. (Glej članek v zvezku 57/1, stran 25) Cover photo: Sestoj subasociacije Pseudostellario-Carpinetum betuli leucojetosum aestivi, Lijak. (See paper in 57/1, page 25) Photo / Foto: I. Dakskobler Folia biologica et geologica · Volume / Letnik 57 ·Number / Številka 3 ·2016 VSEBINA CONTENTS R AZPR AVE / ESSAyS Tjaša Baloh, Boris Rantaša 5 Communicating the value of nature’s services today for tomorrow 5 Komuniciranje vrednosti storitev naravnega okolja danes za jutri Giovanni Bonafaccia, Nicolo Merendino, Francesco Bonafaccia, Romina Molinari, Vincenzo Galli, Igor Pravst, Vida Škrabanja, Zlata Luthar, Aleksandra Golob & Mateja Germ 11 Concentration of proteins, beta-glucans, total phenols and antioxidant capacity of Slovenian samples of barley 11 Vsebnost proteinov, beta-glukanov, skupnih fenolov in antioksidativna vrednost slovenskih vzorcev ječmena Igor Dakskobler 19 Appendix 1 to paper in Folia biologica et geologica 57/1, pp. 5-61 19 Priloga 1 k članku v Folia biologica et geologica 57/1, str. 5-61 NOTULA Igor Dakskobler 27 Nomenclature correction of the name and rank of the association Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. 27 Nomenklaturni popravek imena in ranga asociacije Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. COMMUNICATING THE VALUE OF NATURE’S SERVICES TODAy FOR TOMORROW KOMUNICIR ANJE VREDNOSTI STORITEV NAR AVNEGA OKOLJA DANES ZA JUTRI Tjaša BALOH1*, Boris RANTAŠA1 Received December 28, 2016; accepted December 31, 2016. Delo je prispelo 28. decembra 2016, sprejeto 31. decembra 2016. abStR act communicating the value of nature services today for to­morrow To ensure appreciation of forest related nature‘s servic­es, they must be presented to the public in an appropriate way. Humans are usually not willing to pay for something they consider as ‘free goods’. The challenge is changing the mind-set through awareness-raising. A good communica­tion strategy should convey the message as a tangible con­cern that contributes to the quality of our lives. Communi­cating nature’s services will help understand the benefits we gain and joy and pleasure they can give us if we treat them with knowledge, respect and wisdom. The actions taken in the past are not giving the results we need. A multi-stakeholder approach can harness the cre­ativity from stakeholders through solution driven dialogue. In the LIFEGENMON project (Life for Forest Genetic Monitoring System) coordinated by Slovenian Forestry In­stitute, the multi-stakeholder approach is used to communi­cate the forest related nature’s services and importance of genetic resources. A clear visual and verbal communication brings the key project messages to life. To forge meaningful connections with core stakeholders it is essential to use com­pelling and targeted messages. Ultimately, the results will demonstrate the value of engaging supporters in co-creating communications to extend reach and impact. Keywords: nature’s services, communicating, forests, society, forest values, multi-stakeholder approach iZVleČeK Komuniciranje vrednosti storitev naravnega okolja danes za jutri Za uspešno ozaveščanje javnosti o vrednosti storitev, ki jih zagotavlja naravno okolje, morajo te biti predstavljene na ustrezen način. Ljudje običajno niso pripravljeni plačati za storitve, ki so do zdaj veljale za proste (brezplačne). Sprem­injanje načina razmišljanja s pomočjo ozaveščanja je torej velik izziv. Dobra komunikacijska strategija mora posredo­vati sporočilo o prispevku naravnega okolja h kakovosti človeškega življenja in bivanja. Ozaveščanje in širjenje znan­ja o storitvah, ki jih nudi naravno okolje, nam pomaga razu­meti vrednost teh storitev in veselje ter zadovoljstvo, ki nam jih ponuja okolje danes in nam jih bo tudi v prihodnosti, če ga bomo obravnavali z znanjem, spoštovanjem in modrost­jo. Ukrepi, sprejeti v preteklosti, niso dali zadovoljivih re­zultatov. Z aktivnim vključevanjem deležnikov preko us­merjenega dialoga lahko pridobimo ključne informacije in kreativne rešitve, ki jih nato vključimo v komunikacijsko strategijo. Projekt LIFEGENMON, ki ga vodi Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, v svojo komunikacijsko in diseminacijsko strate­gijo vključuje splošne in ciljne skupine deležnikov, s kateri­mi komunicira o vrednosti storitev, ki jih nudijo gozdovi. S pomočjo jasne vizualne in verbalne komunikacije posreduje ključna sporočila, ki so prepričljiva in ciljno usmerjena (prilagojena posamezni ciljni skupini oz. posamezniku). Tako oblikuje smiselne povezave z deležniki in s ciljnimi skupinami. Rezultati prizadevanj v okviru projekta bodo pokazali dodano vrednost, ki jo prinaša vključevanje deležnikov v soustvarjanje njegovih učinkov in večjega dosega njegovih sporočil in posledično komunikacijske strategije. Ključne besede: storitve naravnega okolja, komuniciran­je, gozdovi, družba, vrednost gozda, vključevanje ključnih deležnikov 1 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije (Slovenian Forestry Institute), Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, *tjasa.baloh@gozdis.si INTRODUCTION To ensure that the real value of nature’s services is ad­equately appreciated, they must be presented to the public in an appropriate way. Humans are usually not willing to pay for something they take for granted today and is considered as ‘free goods’ (Coull & Valantin 2008). The challenge is changing the mind-set through awareness-raising. A good communication strategy should convey the message as a tangible concern that contributes to the quality of our lives and the lives of our children (Iucn Regional Office for Pan-Europe 2011). Communicating nature’s services will help the younger generation to understand the benefits we gain and joy and pleasure they can give us if we treat them with knowledge, respect and wisdom (Wiborn 2013). The actions that have been taken in the past are not giving the results we need. Hohnen (2001) sug­gests that we should work together to find the right path forward. A multi-stakeholder approach can en­gage and harness the creativity from wide and bal­anced cross-section of stakeholders through solution driven dialogue (Hohnen 2001). “Learning to engage in dialogue means to move from hearing to listening. It means taking one step be­yond fighting, beyond adversarial, conf lict-based in­teraction… Dialogue is the foundation for finding consensus solutions which integrate diverse views and generate the necessary commitment to implementa­tion. It can form the basis to take us one step beyond talking towards common action” (Hemmati et al. 2002). Hemmati et al. (2002) view communication as a tool to exchange views (opinions) among stakeholders in a Multi Stakeholder Platform (MSP). It includes the expression of views in combination with the under­standing of views to the point of mutual understand­ing (Hemmati et al. 2002). In the Lifegenmon (2016) project, coordinated by Slovenian Forestry Institute, the multi-stakeholder ap­proach is used to communicate the forest related na­ture’s services in connection to the 360-degree brand communication. A clear visual and verbal communi­cation creates maximum awareness and brings the key project messages to life. 360-degree brand communi­cation means showcasing the use of compelling and targeted messages, both online and off line, in an effort to forge meaningful connections with core stakehold­ers. Ultimately, the results will demonstrate the value of engaging supporters and champions in co-creating communications to extend reach and impact (Dari­gan Merenda 2013). METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION The communication strategy of the LIFEGENMON project is carried out in two focused tasks. General dis­semination and communication addresses the follow­ing stakeholders: Kindergarten children Pupils in primary and secondary schools Students at Universities Pedagogues Socially active groups (different for each country) Media In task Targeted dissemination and communica­tion the most important groups of stakeholders have been identified through dialogue between project partners: Policy makers – key actors (the ones to convince) in the legislative process on a local, regional and Euro­pean scale. Municipalities within the region – local authori­ties can give necessary promotion and credibility needed for the maximisation of dissemination impact. They are also very appropriate partners for spreading information to target areas. Active groups (ASP – Women organisation; third university for everlasting education, recreational sports associations and others, different per project country) – through “spreading the good word”, social­ly active groups can increase the dissemination impact if addressed appropriately. Academic audience – academics are often opinion makers, e.g. what they say usually resonates in public and professional space. Chamber of Commerce – the Chamber of Com­merce is an important player in the legislation depart­ment. It is very important to include big business in our dissemination strategy, because no legislation or regulation get passed without their inf luence. We need to raise their awareness of the importance of our main dissemination strategy topics. Professional Chambers – smaller, but more spe­cific legislation and regulation impact. Also a base of professional experience. We also need to raise their awareness of the importance of our main dissemina­tion strateg y topics. NGOs (such as professional associations, moun­taineering organisations, scouts, hunters associations, climbers association, UMANOTERA – SI, WWF, Birdlife and others) – NGOs are well heard opinion makers among the urban population and are tradi­tionally inclined to support the topics of our dissemi­nation strategy. Very important players in any legisla­tion process if activated. Forest owners – forest owners are the ones that do (or at least approve) the majority of the actual work done in the focus area. It is aim to reach them with the conservational aspects of our dissemination strategy. Unions of forest workers – they need to be ad­dressed to spread the information on genetic forest protection and the future of European forests based on genetic diversity. Civil protection service and volunteers – they are first to be activated at any major disaster events in the areas, due to extreme weather conditions or un-appro­priate forest managing. Their activities are well visible in the public and can spread the word on the need for sustainable forest management and an early warning system for changes in forest populations. Tourist organisations – sustainable and eco- tour­ism is becoming very popular. They are also tradition­ally inclined to support the topics of our dissemination strategy and reach a wide audience with their market­ing so it makes sense to include them in our dissemi­nation activities. Carrying out communication activities goes be­yond the narrow scope of the project to reach the high­est impact through: Connecting (in Slovenia cooperation with Slovenia Forest Service, University of Ljubljana – Biotechnical Faculty, Slovenian Academy of sciences and arts, etc.; participation at and organisation of events and confer­ences, trade fairs, media events etc.) Dialogue (organisation of Workshops, receiving and evaluating feedback) All activities are supported by media presence, web updates (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, project web-site) and publications (newsletters, leaf lets, teach­ing materials for teachers etc.). MONITORING METHODS AND RESULTS The impact of the activities will be monitored through The LIFEGENMON team has by end of 2016 lists of participants and an advanced monitoring ma-reached over 4000 people at over 90 different events and trix, based on questionnaires and interviews of par-the LIFEGENMON website had over 8300 users who ticipants at project’s events. The monitoring is carried viewed over 30000 pages (Source: Google analytics). out by an internal project monitoring team, project Results and progress of implementation will be partner Centre for information service, co-operation presented in LIFEGENMON progress reports and sci­and development of NGOs. entific and professional articles. Figure 1: Participants at the LIFEGENMON events per target group from July 2014 to June 2016 Slika 1: Udeleženci na LIFEGENMON dogodkih za ciljne skupine, od julija 2014 do- junija 2016 POVZETEK Za uspešno ozaveščanje javnosti o vrednosti storitev, ki jih zagotavlja naravno okolje, morajo te biti predsta­vljene na ustrezen način. Ljudje običajno niso pripra­vljeni plačati za storitve, ki so do zdaj veljale za proste (brezplačne). Spreminjanje načina razmišljanja s po­močjo ozaveščanja je torej velik izziv. Dobra komuni­kacijska strategija mora posredovati sporočilo o pri­spevku naravnega okolja h kakovosti človeškega življe­nja in bivanja. Ozaveščanje in širjenje znanja o stori­tvah, ki jih nudi naravno okolje, nam pomaga razume­ti vrednost teh storitev in veselje ter zadovoljstvo, ki nam jih ponuja okolje danes in nam jih bo tudi v pri­hodnosti, če ga bomo obravnavali z znanjem, spošto­vanjem in modrostjo. Ukrepi, sprejeti v preteklosti, niso dali zadovolji­vih rezultatov. Z aktivnim vključevanjem deležnikov preko usmerjenega dialoga lahko pridobimo ključne informacije in kreativne rešitve, ki jih nato vključimo v komunikacijsko strategijo. Projekt LIFEGENMON, ki ga vodi Gozdarski in­štitut Slovenije, v svojo komunikacijsko in disemina­cijsko strategijo vključuje splošne in ciljne skupine de­ležnikov, s katerimi komunicira o vrednosti storitev, ki jih nudijo gozdovi. S pomočjo jasne vizualne in verbal-ne komunikacije posreduje ključna sporočila, ki so prepričljiva in ciljno usmerjena (prilagojena posame­zni ciljni skupini oz. posamezniku). Tako oblikuje smiselne povezave z deležniki in s ciljnimi skupinami. Rezultati prizadevanj v okviru projekta bodo pokazali dodano vrednost, ki jo prinaša vključevanje deležni­kov v soustvarjanje njegovih učinkov in večjega dosega njegovih sporočil in posledično komunikacijske strate­gije. Komunikacijska strategija projekta LIFE­GENMON se izvaja v dveh projektnih aktivnostih preko različnih deležnikov in ciljnih skupin. Splošna diseminacija naslavlja otroke, študente, pedagoge, razne interesne skupine in medije. Usmerjena disemi­nacija pa aktivno vključuje v svoje aktivnosti odloče­valce, regionalne oblasti, interesne skupine, akadem­sko sfero, gospodarske in obrtne zbornice, lastnike gozdov in njihova združenja, sindikate gozdnih delav­cev, službe za civilno zaščito in prostovoljce ter turi­stične organizacije. Povezovanje deležnikov in dialog s ključnimi orga­nizacijami na področju (v sodelovanju z Zavodom za gozdove Slovenije, Univerzo v Ljubljani - Biotehniška fakulteta, Slovensko akademijo znanosti in umetnosti) preko (so-)organizacije konferenc, dogodkov in sejmov je ključno pri izvajanju projektnih aktivnosti. Ozave­ščanje in prisotnost na socialnih omrežjih pa dopolnju­jeta in skrbita za širšo prepoznavnost ciljev projekta. Učinek aktivnosti se spremlja preko seznamov udeležencev na dogodkih in preko monitoringa na­predka projekta na podlagi vprašalnikov in intervjujev udeležencev. LIFEGENMON ekipa je konec leta 2016 dosegla več kot 4000 ljudi, na več kot 90 različnih dogodkih, spletno stran LIFEGENMON je obiskalo več kot 8300 uporabnikov, ki so si ogledali več kot 30.000 strani. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To the LIFEGENMON project (LIFE ENV/ Vochl, Dr. Urša Vilhar, Andrej Breznikar, MSc., Tina SI/000148, http://www.lifegenmon.si/about/) and all Simončič, Kristina Michieli, Martina Divjak, Veronika co-financiers: the European LIFE financial pro-Vodlan, Dr, Monika Konnert, Dr. Barbara Fussi, Dr. gramme, the national ministries in Slovenia, Germany Darius Kavaliauskas, Mark Walter, Prof. Dr. Filippos and Greece, and all project beneficiaries. (Phil) A. Aravanopoulos, Dr. Evangelia Avramidou, To the LIFEGENMON dissemination team: Prof. Ermioni Malliarou, Fotis Kiourtsis and Xrysi Sarvani. Dr. Hojka Kraigher, Dr. Marjana Westergren, Tina To the LIFEGENMON project coordinating bene-Drolc, Dr. Peter Železnik, Dr. Andrej Verlič, Saša ficiary, Slovenian Forestry Institute. REFERENCES - LITER ATUR A Coull, J. & G. Valantin, 2008: Payments for Ecosystems Services Findings and Perceptions from the USA - Policy Summary. [WWW Document]. Retrieved on March 25th 2016 from: http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/PES_policy_summary_Jan08.pdf/$FILE/PES_policy_summary_Jan08.pdf Darigan Merenda, K., 2013: Principle Four: Develop 360-Degree Brand Communications. [WWW Document]. Retrieved on March 25th 2016 from: http://purpose.edelman.com/principle-four-develop-360-degree-brand­communications-2/ Hemmati, M., F. Dodds, J. Enayati & J. McHarry, 2002: Multi-stakeholder Processes for Governance and Susta­inability: beyond deadlock and conf lict. Earthscan (London). Hohnen, P., 2001: ‘Multi-Stakeholder Processes: Why, and Where Next?’, paper presented at the UNED Forum Wor­kshop ‘Examples, Principles, Strategies’, New york, April, 2001. [WWW Document]. Retrieved on March 20th 2016 from: www.earthsummit2002.org/msp/workshop.htm Iucn Regional Office for Pan-Europe, 2011: Communicating Biodiversity. Workshop background document for capacity building in the framework of the Life+ supported project, European Capitals of Biodiversity. [WWW Document]. Retrieved on March 25th 2016 from: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home. showFile&rep=file&fil=COB_Module-4_Comm.pdf Lifegenmon, 2016: LIFEGENMON 1st Progress Report. Ljubljana. Wiborn, P., 2013. Nature’s Services: A guide for primary school on ecosystem services. WWF. Sweden. [WWW Document]. Retrieved on March 24th 2016 from: http://w w w.w wf.se/source.php/1539893/Ecosystem-servic­es-3.pdf CONCENTR ATION OF PROTEINS, BETA-GLUCANS, TOTAL PHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITy OF SLOVENIAN SAMPLES OF BARLEy VSEBNOST PROTEINOV, BETA-GLUKANOV, SKUPNIH FENOLOV IN ANTIOKSIDATIVNA VREDNOST SLOVENSKIH VZORCEV JEČMENA Giovanni Bonafacciaa, Nicolo Merendinob, Francesco Bonafacciab, Romina Molinarib , Vincenzo Gallia, Igor Pravstc, Vida Škrabanjad, Zlata Luthard, Aleksandra Golobd & Mateja Germd * Received October 27, 2016; accepted December 31, 2016. Delo je prispelo 27. oktobra 2016, sprejeto 31. decembra 2016. abStR act concentration of proteins, beta-glucans, total phenols and antioxidant capacity of Slovenian samples of barley Four Slovenian barley samples were analyzed for the content of the ash, proteins, ß-glucans and total polyphe­nols; and for the antioxidant capacity by two methods. Anti­ oxidant capacity was determined by the ferric reducing anti­oxidant power (FRAP) activity and by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. For the comparison, four foreign barley commercial samples were analyzed, three of German origin and one from Italy. Slovenian samples had equal or lower content of ash, proteins and ß-glucans in comparison to foreign samples. A Slovenian barley sample from Šalovci, Prekmurje had the highest content of ß-glucans, namely 5.73% in dry weight (DW). The results obtained by both methods of the determination of antioxi­dant capacity showed significant correlation with the total polyphenols content. Key words: Hordeum, barley, beta-glucans, phenols iZVleČeK Vsebnost proteinov, beta-glukanov, skupnih fenolov in antioksidativna vrednost slovenskih vzorcev ječmena Štiri vzorce ječmena iz Slovenije smo analizirali na vs­ebnost pepela, beljakovin, ß-glukanov in skupnih fenolov. S pomočjo dveh metod smo tudi ugotavljali antioksidativno zmogljivost. Antioksidantivna zmogljivost je bila določena z zmanjšanjem antioksidativne sposobnosti železa (metoda FRAP) in s sposobnostjo absorbance kisikovega radikala (metoda ORAC). Za primerjavo smo analizirali štiri komer­cialne vzorce tujega ječmena, tri nemške in enega iz Italije. Slovenski vzorci so imeli enako ali nižjo vsebnost pepela, beljakovin in ß-glukanov v primerjavi s tujimi. Vendar je slovenski vzorec ječmena iz Šalovcev (Prekmurje) vseboval najvišjo vsebnost ß-glukanov, in sicer 5,73% suhe teže (DW). Rezultati obeh metod določanja antioksidativne kapacitete so bili primerljivi in so pokazali pomembno povezavo z vs­ebnostjo celokupnih fenolov. Ključne besede: Hordeum, ječmen, beta-glukani, fenoli a Food and Nutrition Research Center (CRA - NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy. b Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, University of Tus­cia, Largo dell’Universita snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. c Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. d Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. * e-mail: Mateja.Germ@bf.uni-lj.si 1 INTRODUCTION Interest in growing barley, a crop cultivated by human­kind for a long time, has become more intense in recent years in Slovenia, Europe and elsewhere, due to the nu­tritional value of this ancient crop. Barley was culti­vated for centuries for human food, but the areas of growing of barley declined in the middle of the 20th century. However high fibre foods are recently preferred in human nutrition. It should be noted that the cultivation of barley was for many years particu­larly focused on achieving high dry matter content, high starch, and low content of dietary fibre. This is because barley has been used mostly for either animal feed or for production of barley malt. Cultivars with higher levels of dietary fibre, particularly of ß-glucans, are therefore now gaining importance for use in human nutrition and some of these are being introduced to Southern and Central Europe, including Slovenia. Identification of suitable cultivars high in ß-glucan content, evolution of milling and dry separation tech­niques and using the ß-glucan-enriched fractions as an ingredient in bakery products are subjects for further needed research. The methods developed will allow obtaining new, nutritionally valuable barley products with high potential for use in foods. In recent months it was a quick development of re­search and published papers on barley ß-glucans. Shaik et al. (2016) reported that in amylose-only starch chemotypes it is showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with the re-direction to protein and ß-glucan accumulation. Ho et al. (2016) newly re­ported a systematic review of the effects of different high molecular weight ß-glucans on cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Moza & Gujral (2016) reported that in India high altitude barley cultivars (between 1200 m and 3500 m above sea level) contain higher levels of total ß-glucans in comparison to the barley cultivars grown in plains (97-126 m altitude). Cultivars grown in higher altitudes may find better utilization in nutraceutical foods. Han et al. (2016), Zhu et al. (2016) and Dimi­troff et al. (2016) suggested how, understanding ge­netic background, barley ß-glucans based functional food may be developed for the management of obesity. Belobrajdic et al. (2016) suggest a wholegrain barley high molecular weight ß-glucan to lover food intake. After the separation in barley after milling to ten milling fractions, the highest ß-glucan content was de­termined in the bran fraction (Wiege et al. 2016). It was a strong positive correlation between ß-glucan and protein content. Fractions containing high level of ß-glucan have as well high concentration of protein and ash (Wiege et al. 2016). Croatian barley samples were screened for total high molecular weight ß-glucans content (Krstano­vić et al. 2016), but such kind of research was not yet performed in Slovenia. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Samples Barley samples analysed are presented in Table 1. table 1: Description of studied barley samples Preglednica 1: opis preučevanih vzorcev ječmena Sample Description A Winter barley sample from Šentjernej, Dolenjska, Slovenia B Winter barley sample from Trbonje, Dravograd, Slovenia C Winter barley sample from Šalovci, Prekmurje, Slovenia D Winter barley sample from Murska Sobota, Prekmurje, Slovenia E Winter barley sample from Nienstad, Germany F Winter barley sample from Germany, cultivated in Jable, Slovenia G Naked barley sample from Asheberg, Germany H Winter barley sample from Lazio, Italy Samples A-D are samples of barley grain, each of cultivars is not known. Samples E-F are commercial barley domestic cultivars was grown for years by farm-barley samples available in Slovenia, originating, as far ers in different parts of Slovenia. The origin of barley as it is known, in Germany or Italy. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Determination of moisture, ash, proteins and ß-glucans Constituents of barley samples were determined using the standard methods. For the determination of moisture: Method ICC No. 109/1, was used. In short: This method can be taken as the standard for the development of methods which are specifically suited to the practical determination of the moisture content of wheat, rice (hulled paddy), barley, maize or whole maize meal, millet, rye and oats, as grains, ground grains, semolina and f lour. It is not to be used for the settlement of commercial disputes. Measure­ment of moisture loss when the material, ground if necessary without change of moisture content, is equilibrated in an anhydrous atmosphere at a tempera­ture between 45 and 50 °C and at a pressure of 1.3 ... 2.7 KPa (10 ... 20 mm Hg). For the determination of ash: Method ICC No. 104, was used. In short: Samples were ground and placed into crucibles, and crucibles placed into a muff le furnace. The ashing was carried out at 900 °C, and is completed when the cool residue was white or nearly white. As the ash quantity has to be related to dry matter, the mois­ture content of the test sample has to be determined separately. For the determination of proteins: Method ICC 105/2. Kjeldhal Method was used. In short: The organic matter of the sample is oxi­dized with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst: the product of the reaction (NH)SO is 424 treated by alkali; free ammonia is distilled and titrated. For the determination of ß-glucans: Method ICC No.166 was used. In short: ß-D-glucan is determined using highly purified lichenase and ß-D-glucosidase. ß-D-glucan is specifically hydrolyzed by lichenase to oligosaccha­rides, which are quantitatively cleaved to glucose by ß-glucosidase. Glucose is measured using glucose oxi­dase - peroxides - buffer mixture. Method is rapid pro­cedure for direct, quantitative measurement of (1->3) (1->4)- ß-D-glucan (ß-D-using highly purified li­chenase and ß-glucosidase). ß-D-glucan is specifically hydrolyzed by lichenase to oligosaccharides, which are then quantitatively cleaved to glucose by ß-glucosidase. Glucose is measured using glucose oxidase-peroxi­dase-buffer mixture. 2.2.2 Extraction method In this study, 80% methanol extracts from barley were used for the determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant property. Barley samples (1 g) were extracted with 6 ml acidified methanol (HCl/metha­nol/water, 1:80:10, v/v/v) at room temperature (25 °C) for 2 h using orbital shaker. The mixture was centri­fuged at 3000g for 10 min. The supernatant was used for determination of total phenolic content and anti­oxidant capacity. Several studies have shown that 80% methanol is an effective solvent in extracting phenolic and other polar substances from cereals (Lahouar et al. 2014). 2.2.3 Total phenolic content determination Total phenols (TP) were determined using a modifica­tion of the Folin–Ciocalteu method method described by Singleton & Rossi (1965). Brief ly, the assay was conducted by mixing 4 mL of deionized water, 0.25 mL of extracts (see ‘Extract preparations’ in this section), 0.25 mL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and 0.5 mL of NaCO. After 30 min at room temperature, the absor­ 23 bance of the mixture was measured at 725 nm. A stan­dard curve was prepared with gallic acid. The final results were expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry weight (DW). All of the analyses were conducted in triplicate and the results report the sum of bound and soluble phenolic compounds. 2.2.4 Determination of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity A ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was performed according to the method described by Ben­zie & Strain (1999), which was adapted for 96-well plates and an automatic reader (Infinite 2000, Tecan, Salzburg, Austria). The method is based on the reduc­tion of the Fe3+-2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) complex to its ferrous form at a low pH. Brief ly, 160 mL of FRAP assay solution (consisting of 20 mM ferric chloride solution, 10 mM TPTZ solution, and 0.3 M acetate buffer at pH 3.6) was prepared daily, mixed with 10 mL of the sample, standard, or blank, and dis­pensed into each well of a 96-well plate. The absorb­ance was measured at 595 nm at 37 °C after 30 min of incubation. All of the analyses were conducted in trip­licate. The final results are expressed as µmol Fe2+ equivalents per g of the DW of the samples, and the results were obtained using a standard curve with dif­ferent concentrations of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO x 7HO). 42 table 3: the total phenolic contents (tP) and antioxidant capacity (FRaP and oRac method) of barley sam­ples. Data are reported to mean (n=3) ± standard error. Values in the same column not sharing a common letter differ significantly at P.0.05. test aNoVa. X mg gae/g dried weight (DW). y µmol Fe2+ equivalent/g DW. z gae mM/g DW. gae: gallic acid equivalent; DW: dry weight Preglednica 3: Vsebnost skupnih fenolov (tP) in antioksidantivna zmogljivost (metodi FRaP in oRac) pri različnih vzorcih ječmena. Podatki so povprečje (n = 3) ± standardna napaka. Vrednosti v istem stolpcu, ki nimajo iste črke se med seboj značilno razlikujejo P . 0.05. test aNoVa. X mg gae/g suhe teže (DW). y µmol Fe2+ ekvivalent/g DW. z gae mM/g DW. gae: ekvivalent galne kisline; DW: suha teža Sample TPCx FRAPy OR ACz A 2.8 ± 0.2b 227.0 ± 1.5b 21.0 ± 0.1b B 2.0 ± 0.3b 180.2 ± 2.9c 21.0 ± 0.3b C 1.5 ± 0.2c 149.2 ± 1.6d 17.1 ± 0.2c D 2.4 ± 0.3b 202.7 ± 0.2b 20.6 ± 0.4b E 3.5 ± 0.5a 273.0 ± 0.9a 23.2 ± 0.9a F 2.1 ± 0.2b 184.2 ± 1.3c 21.1 ± 0.2b G 3.8 ± 0.4a 286.6 ± 2.1a 25.7 ± 0.2a H 3.0 ± 0.1 a 231.0 ± 2.2 b 24.1 ± 0.1 a Figure 1: Linear regression between total phenolic content and the total antioxidant capacity (FRAP method - a ferric reducing antioxidant power) of barley samples. GAE: gallic acid equivalent; DW: dry weight Slika 1: Linearna regresija med skupno vsebnostjo fenolov in skupno antioksidativno kapaciteto vzorcev ječmena (metoda FRAP - zmanjšanje antioksidativne moči železa). GAE: ekvivalent galne kisline; DW: suha teža Figure 2: Linear regression between total phenolic content and the total antioxidant capacity (ORAC method - the oxygen radical absorbance capacity) of barley samples. GAE: gallic acid equivalent; DW: dry weight Slika 2: Linearna regresija med skupno vsebnostjo fenolov in skupno antioksidativno kapaciteto vzorcev ječmena (ORAC metoda - absorbanca kisikovega radikala). GAE: ekvivalent galne kisline; DW: suha teža 4 CONCLUSIONS The Slovenian barley sample from Šalovci, Prek-in dry weight. The results obtained by both methods of murje had the highest content of ß-glucans among the the determination of antioxidant capacity were in li-studied Slovenian and foreign samples, namely 5.73% near relation with the total phenols content. 5 POVZETEK Zanimanje za pridelovanje ječmena, stare poljščine, se je zadnje čase povečalo v Sloveniji, Evropi in drugod, predvsem zaradi njegove hranilne vrednosti. Ječmen gojijo za prehrano ljudi že stoletja, vendar so se območja pridelave zmanjšala zlasti v sredini 20. stoletja. V pre­hrani ljudi so zadnje čase zelo zaželena živila, kot je je­čmen, z visoko vsebnostjo vlaknin. Žlahtnjenje in pri­delovanje ječmena sta bili vrsto let osredotočeni pred­vsem na doseganje visokih pridelkov sušine, veliko škroba in nizko vsebnost prehranskih vlaknin, ker so ga večinoma uporabljali bodisi za živalsko krmo ali za pro­izvodnjo ječmenovega sladu. Sorte, ki vsebujejo več pre­hranskih vlaknin, še posebej ß-glukanov, so v novejšem času vedno bolj pomembne za uporabo v prehrani ljudi. V zadnjih mesecih je bil hiter razvoj raziskav in objavljanja člankov o ječmenovih ß-glukanih. Shaik in sod. (2016) so poročali, da je genotip ječmena z ami­loznim škrobom pokazal pomembno zmanjšanje kopi­čenja škroba s preusmerjanjem sinteze na beljakovine in akumulacijo ß-glukanov. Štiri vzorce ječmena iz Slovenije smo analizirali na vsebnost pepela, beljakovin, ß-glukanov in skupnih fe­nolov ter za antioksidativno kapaciteto z dvema meto­dama. Antioksidativna zmogljivost je bila določena z zmanjšanjem antioksidativne moči železa (metoda FRAP) in s sposobnostjo absorbcije kisikovega radikala (metoda ORAC). Za primerjavo smo analizirali štiri tuje komercialne vzorce ječmena, tri nemškega izvora in enega iz Italije. Slovenski vzorci so imeli enako ali nižjo vsebnost pepela, beljakovin in ß-glukanov v pri­merjavi s tujimi. Vendar je slovenski vzorec ječmena iz Šalovcev (Prekmurje) imel najvišjo vsebnost ß-glukanov in sicer 5,73% suhe teže (DW). Vzorci imajo povprečne vrednosti ß-glukanov 4,69% suhe teže (DW), z najvišjo vrednostjo 5,73% suhe teže (DW) in minimalno vre­dnostjo 3,73% suhe teže (DW). Rezultati obeh metod določanja antioksidativne kapacitete so pokazali po­membno korelacijo s celotno vsebnostjo polifenolov. Za boljše razumevanje razmerja med antioksida­tivnim delovanjem in skupno vsebnostjo fenolov so bili analizirani ekstrakti vzorcev za TPC z uporabo Fo­lin-Ciocalteu-jevega fenolnega reagenta. Rezultati so bili izraženi kot mg ekvivalentov galne kisline na gram suhe teže in so predstavljeni v razpredelnici 2. Raziska­ni vzorci ječmena E, G, H vsebujejo najvišjo vrednost TPC, medtem ko je bila najnižja vrednost v vzorcu C (razpredelnica 2, prvi stolpec). Na splošno je ječmen z veliko količino fenolov pokazal tudi visoko antioksida­tivno aktivnost (po metodah FRAP in ORAC). Skupna antioksidativna zmogljivost je bila tudi linearno pove­zana s skupno vsebnostjo fenolov v vzorcih ječmena (R2 = 0,9948 in 0,8192 za rezultate iz FRAP in ORAC metod) (sl. 1). Rezultati so pokazali, da so različni vzorci imeli različne antioksidativne sposobnosti. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was financially supported in part by a grant ropean Community under project No. 26220220180: from the Agriculture Ministry of Italy (MIPAF) AL-Building Research Centre “AgroBioTech”. Ministry of IMED Project (cod 7110/730303/10) and by the Slove-Agriculture, Forestry and Food, Republic of Slovenia, nian Research Agency, through programmes P3-0395 financed Slovenian Plant Gene Bank (Slovenska rast­“Nutrition and Public Health”, and P1 – 0212 “Biology linska genska banka) at Biotechnical Faculty, PP of Plants” and projects “young researchers” [grant 142910. Ms. Lucija Glorija Jelen Krivonog is acknowl­number 34326], and L4-7552, and co-financed by Eu-edged to perform formating of the paper. 6 REFERENCES - LITERATURA Belobrajdic, D. P., S. Hino, T. Kondo, S. A. Jobling, M. K. Morell, D. L. Topping, T. Morita & A. R. 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Journal of Food Science (Hoboken) 81 (3): H786-H793. appendix 1 to paper in 57/1, pp. 5-61: Synoptic table of Alnus glutinosa dominating communities in Slovenia and N-italy Priloga 1 k članku v 57/1, str. 5-61: Sintezna tabela združb črne jelše (Alnetum glutinosae s. lat.) v Sloveniji in severni italiji Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 18 6 4 10 5 4 10 9 7 4 8 11 7 52 32 11 6 OrClo LoAg-Vd LoAgsb-R LoAgcb-R LoAgsb1-R LoAg1-Vd LoAg-ZP PsCbla-Vd Fra-Is CacAg-R Cra A-Md CelAggr-A SnAg-A Ch Ag-It CelAg-It CelAgla-A CelAgcr-A Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksona) AG Alnetea glutinosae Alnus glutinosa Alnus glutinosa Alnus glutinosa Alnus glutinosa Salix cinerea Salix cinerea Salix aurita Thelypteris palustris Ribes nigrum Calamagrostis canescens AI Alnion incanae Rubus caesius Carex pendula Hemerocallis fulva Cardamine impatiens Ribes rubrum Alnus incana Alnus incana Alnus incana Festuca gigantea Humulus lupulus Humulus lupulus Humulus lupulus Populus alba Aesculus hippocastanum Aesculus hippocastanum Aesculus hippocastanum Equisetum arvense Equisetum telmateia Populus alba Populus alba Populus alba Agropyron caninum Carex remota Frangula alnus Frangula alnus Frangula alnus Knautia drymeia subsp. intermedia Dryopteris carthusiana Chrysosplenium alternifolium Impatiens noli-tangere Arum italicum AqR Alno-Quercion roboris Quercus robur Quercus robur Quercus robur Quercus robur Quercus robur Fraxinus angustifolia Fraxinus angustifolia Fraxinus angustifolia Fraxinus angustifolia Fraxinus angustifolia Ulmus laevis Ulmus laevis Ulmus laevis Ulmus laevis Ulmus laevis Pseudostellaria europaea Leucojum aestivum Clematis viticella Carex brizoides Prunus padus Prunus padus Rumex sanguineus Pulmonaria dacica Glechoma hirsuta E3b E3a E2b E2a E3a E2b E2b E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E3b E3a E2a E1 E2b E2a E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E3a E2a E1 E1 E1 E3a E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 50 11 . . . . . . . . 22 22 11 6 6 . 6 . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6 . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 17 . . . . . . . . 50 50 . . 33 . . . . 33 . 17 33 17 0 17 17 17 17 17 17 . . . . . . . . . . 33 17 . 17 17 17 17 17 33 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 25 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 30 10 20 . . . . . . 70 . . 10 . . . . 10 10 30 . . . 10 10 70 10 . . . . 30 . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 . 10 . . . . . . . . . . 100 40 0 20 20 . . . . . 100 . 20 60 . . . . 40 60 . . . . 20 20 20 20 . . . . 20 . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 25 25 25 . . 25 . . . 25 25 . 25 . . . . . . 50 . . . . . 50 25 . . . 25 50 . 25 . . 50 . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . 100 70 40 10 . 20 . 20 . . 80 10 . 10 30 20 10 20 . 10 20 10 . . . . 80 20 . . . . 20 10 20 . 10 30 30 30 . . 10 10 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 11 22 11 . 11 . . . . 22 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . 100 . . . . 11 . . . 78 . . . 22 78 11 . 56 33 . . . . . 44 100 11 . . . . . . 14 . . . . 14 . . . . 10 0 29 . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . 29 71 . . . . . . 14 . . . . . 29 . . . . . 100 86 . 43 57 . 29 14 14 . . . . . . . . . 100 . 75 . 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . 50 . 25 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . 10 0 13 . 38 . 38 . . 25 . 50 . . . . . . . 13 25 25 . . . . . 50 . . . . . 13 . 13 13 . 13 13 . . . . . . 13 13 13 13 13 . . . . . 13 . 13 . 13 . . . . . 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 . . . . . . 27 29 . . 64 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 34 27 . . . . . . . . . 21 47 . . . . . . 27 33 . . . 6 . . 18 14 52 22 9 33 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4 . . . . 0 . . . . 36 14 33 29 9 50 . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 100 10 9 . . . . 15 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 23 25 18 . . . . . . . 18 . 36 53 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . 40 16 81 50 . . . . 9 . . . 2 . 9 67 . . . . . . . . 27 9 36 . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . 18 . . . 4 . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . 2 . 91 . . . . . . . 27 71 27 3 18 17 82 29 . . 55 33 18 14 . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . 17 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) SP Salicetea purpureae, Salicion albae Populus nigra Populus nigra Populus nigra Populus nigra Salix alba Salix alba Salix alba Vitis sylvestris Vitis sylvestris Salix fragilis Salix fragilis Salix eleagnos Salix eleagnos Acer negundo Acer negundo Acer negundo Acer negundo Acer negundo Populus x canescens Salix purpurea Salix purpurea Salix purpurea Salix triandra TA Tilio-Acerion Acer platanoides Acer platanoides Acer platanoides Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus Juglans regia Juglans regia Juglans regia Juglans regia Juglans regia Lunaria rediviva Tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos Tilia platyphyllos Ulmus glabra Ulmus glabra Ulmus glabra Ulmus glabra Ulmus glabra Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Arum maculatum Aruncus dioicus Cardamine f lexuosa Geranium robertianum Hesperis candida Adoxa moschatellina Dryopteris affinis Tephroseris pseudocrispa Polystichum aculeatum Staphylea pinnata Staphylea pinnata EC Erythronio-Carpinion Primula vulgaris Ornithogalum pyrenaicum Galanthus nivalis Helleborus odorus Lonicera caprifolium Crocus vernus subsp. vernus Erythronium dens-canis Ranunculus aesontinus AF Aremonio-Fagion Lamium orvala Hacquetia epipactis Isopyrum thalictroides Cardamine enneaphyllos Cyclamen purpurascens Geranium nodosum Knautia drymeia subsp. drymeia Euphorbia carniolica Anemone trifolia E3b E3a E2b E2a E3b E3a E2b E3a E2a E3b E3a E3b E3a E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E3b E2a E3a E2b E2b E3b E2a E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 1 28 . . . 6 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 28 28 28 39 28 . . . 11 17 17 6 6 11 . 11 17 22 11 6 11 6 6 . . . . . . . . . 83 78 67 56 33 28 28 6 100 78 50 39 39 11 . . . 2 67 . . . 17 . . . . 17 . 17 . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . 17 17 17 . . . . 17 17 . . . . . 17 . . . . . . 17 . 17 . . . . . . . 33 67 10 0 . 50 . . . 100 . 17 . 17 . . . . 3 . . . . 25 . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . 25 . 50 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . 25 25 . . . 25 . . . . . . . 100 100 . . . . . 100 . . . 25 50 . . . 4 . . . . 30 . . . . 10 10 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . 20 . 50 . 40 . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 70 10 . . . . . . . . . 50 100 10 . . 90 . . 10 0 . . . . 60 40 20 . 5 . . . . 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 . . 20 . 20 40 . 40 . 40 . . . . 20 20 . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . 40 . . 20 . 20 . . . . . 40 60 40 . . . . . 80 . . . . . 20 . . 6 25 . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 25 50 . 25 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . 50 50 25 50 50 25 . . . . 50 25 . 7 . . . . 20 . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . 20 . . . 20 30 20 50 50 60 . . . . . 20 . . . 10 . . . 10 20 10 20 30 . 10 20 . 10 10 10 10 . . 60 10 40 40 10 60 . 30 90 40 10 20 . 10 10 . 60 8 . . . . 33 . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . . . 11 11 22 33 22 11 11 44 56 100 78 . . . . . . . . 9 43 . 14 . 71 . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 . . . . . . . . . . 43 29 . . 86 . . . 14 . . . . . 14 . . 10 . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 25 . . 13 . . . 13 . . . 25 . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 . 12 13 14 15 16 17 . .83. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9 . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 29 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . 57 4 3 . . . 14 2 . . . . 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2 . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Omphalodes verna Cardamine trifolia E1 E1 Helleborus niger Potentilla carniolica E1 E1 FS Scopolia carniolica Fagetalia sylvaticaeSymphytum tuberosum Lilium martagon Polygonatum multif lorum Pulmonaria officinalis E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Cardamine bulbifera E1 Carpinus betulus Carpinus betulus Carpinus betulus Carpinus betulus Carpinus betulus Corydalis cava Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum Brachypodium sylvaticum Viola reichenbachiana E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra Heracleum sphondylium Allium ursinum E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 Galeobdolon f lavidum E1 Galeobdolon montanum E1 Mercurialis perennis Euphorbia dulcis Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Fraxinus excelsior E1 E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E3b Fraxinus excelsior E3a Fraxinus excelsior E2b Fraxinus excelsior E2a Fraxinus excelsior E1 Tilia cordata E3b Tilia cordata E3a Tilia cordata E2b Tilia cordata E2a Tilia cordata E1 Carex sylvatica Lathyrus vernus Prunus avium E1 E1 E3b Prunus avium E3a Prunus avium E2b Prunus avium E2a Prunus avium E1 Salvia glutinosa Circaea lutetiana E1 E1 Daphne mezereum Dryopteris filix-mas Euphorbia amygdaloides Galium laevigatum Melica nutans E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 Neottia nidus-avis E1 Ranunculus lanuginosus Actaea spicata Campanula trachelium Scrophularia nodosa Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum Sanicula europaea Mycelis muralis Paris quadrifolia Myosotis sylvatica Leucojum vernum Asarum europaeum subsp. europaeum Petasites albus E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeaeHelleborus odorus subsp. istriacus Ruscus aculeatus E1 E1 Lathyrus venetus Cornus mas E1 E2b Ostrya carpinifolia Ostrya carpinifolia Acer obtusatum E3b E3a E2a 6 17 . . . . 10 39 33 25 40 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . 94 100 75 100 . 100 30 83 17 . . . . . 83 17 . . . 75 40 83 . 10 0 100 40 50 40 78 33 . 80 20 . 10 78 17 50 30 . . . 67 33 10 0 70 40 50 20 56 . . 20 . 25 10 28 . 25 40 20 . . . . . . . 25 10 67 17 . . 40 . 10 50 17 100 30 . 25 60 50 50 75 100 100 75 70 50 50 . . . 75 30 0 33 . . 40 . . 28 100 50 40 80 50 70 44 33 50 60 60 25 40 33 . 75 10 60 . . 28 17 . . . . 80 28 . 25 90 60 25 . 28 . . 20 . . 10 22 33 100 30 . 50 20 11 . . . . . . 6 . . . 20 . . 17 . . . . . . 11 . . . . 25 10 . . 25 0 20 0 . 17 . 25 70 10 0 50 50 . 17 25 40 . 50 80 6 . 25 60 40 25 60 11 . . . . . 10 6 . . . 20 . . 6 . 25 . 20 . 30 6 . 25 . 20 . 20 . . . . . . 10 11 . . 60 . 75 20 11 . . . . . . 6 17 . 70 . 50 90 . . . 90 40 50 90 11 17 25 10 . . . . 33 . . 20 25 . . 17 . . . . 10 . 33 . 20 . 25 . 6 17 . 10 20 50 10 11 17 25 100 40 50 40 6 17 . 30 . 50 30 6 . . . . . 30 6 . . . . . 20 6 . . . . . 10 6 . . . 20 25 . 6 . . . . . 10 6 . . 10 . . . 6 50 10 0 100 60 . 30 . . . 10 . 25 . . . . 10 . 25 30 . . . 10 60 . . . . 10 . . 10 . . . . . 50 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 25 80 . . . . . 30 . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . 25 . 20 25 . 44 33 . . . 50 . 28 17 . . . . . 22 . . . . . . 17 . . . . 25 . 11 . . . . . 10 6. . . . . . 8 9 . . 11 . . . . . . . 67 14 33 . 56 . 33 . 11 . 56 . 100 . 22 . 22 14 33 . . . . . . 86 67 57 . . . . 11 . . . . . 100 . . . 67 . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 86 . . . 14 . 43 . 14 . . . 57 . 71 . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . 29 . . 67 . . . . . . . . . . . 56 86 . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . 71 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . 14 12 . . . . 13 . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 13 . 100 10 . . . . . . 14 4 3 . . . . . . . . . . 25 50 45 57 48 9 . 33 . 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . 13 . . 2 . . . . . . .2. . . 25 . 18 57 2 . . 17 . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . . . . . 13 27 . 12 31 . . 50 50 9 71 . . . . 75 75 . . . . . . 75 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 8 6 . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 13 . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . 13 18 14 17 . 27 83 . 13 18 . . . . . . 13 . . 33 3 . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . 86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . 14 2 . 18 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39. . . 9 14 . . . . . 13 9 29 2 . . . . 25 . 14 . . . . . . 9 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Acer obtusatum E1 Fraxinus ornus E3a Fraxinus ornus E2b Fraxinus ornus E2a Fraxinus ornus E1 Cornus mas E2a Sesleria autumnalis E1 Aristolochia lutea E1 Asparagus tenuifolius Convallaria majalis Mercurialis ovata E1 E1 E1 Tamus communis E1 Carex f lacca E1 Quercus cerris E2a Quercus cerris E3b Quercus cerris E1 Aristolochia pallida Buglossoides purpurocaerulea Quercus pubescens Quercus pubescens Carpinus orientalis Orchis purpurea Sorbus aria E1 E1 E3a E1 E21 E1 E2b QR Quercetalia roboris Betonica officinalis E1 Rubus hirtus E2a Castanea sativa E1 Serratula tinctoria E1 Hieracium racemosum E1 Potentilla erecta E1 QF Populus tremula Spiraea salicifolia Querco-FageteaAnemone nemorosa E3 E1 E1 Hedera helix E3a Hedera helix E1 Ranunculus ficaria E1 Corylus avellana Corylus avellana Corylus avellana Corylus avellana Gagea lutea Hepatica nobilis Anemone ranunculoides E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 Lathraea squamaria Acer campestre Acer campestre Acer campestre Acer campestre Acer campestre Veratrum nigrum Orobanche hederae E1 E3b E3a E2b E2a E1 E1 E1 Carex digitata Scilla bifolia E1 E1 Ulmus minor E3b Ulmus minor E3a Ulmus minor E2b Ulmus minor E2a Ulmus minor E1 Clematis vitalba E3a Clematis vitalba E2 Clematis vitalba E1 Malus sylvestris Malus sylvestris Malus sylvestris Malus sylvestris Pyrus pyraster Pyrus pyraster Pyrus pyraster Pyrus pyraster Quercus petraea Quercus petraea Quercus petraea Vinca minor E3b E3a E2b E2a E3b E3a E2b E2a E3b E3a E1 E1 Rosa arvensis E2a Listera ovata E1 Cerastium sylvaticum Carex pilosa Crataegus curvisepala Moehringia trinervia E1 E1 E2b E1 6 50 . 10 . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 . . . . . . 11 . . . . 25 . . . . . . 25 . . 17 . . . 25 10 . . . . . 50 . 11 . . . . . 10 11 . . . . 25 . 6 . . . . 25 . 6 . . . . . 10 6 . . . 20 . . 6 . . . . . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . 75 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . 75 10 . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 83 100 90 60 75 50 61 100 75 10 60 50 30 94 100 75 20 80 100 100 83 10 0 100 100 60 25 60 78 50 75 60 60 . . 28 83 75 70 100 50 30 6 17 25 40 . . 40 6. . . . . . 78 17 100 80 40 . 10 78 . 25 . . . 10 72 33 . 60 20 . 20 67 17 50 20 . . . 61 50 50 50 . . . 61 100 75 40 60 25 . 61 50 100 50 60 25 10 50 67 75 80 80 50 70 33 50 75 30 40 . 30 39 . . . . . 10 33 . . . . . . 28 17 25 . . 25 . 22 17 100 . 60 25 . 11 33 . 10 . . . 17 33 . 10 . . . . . . 20 . . . 6. . . . . . 11 . . . 40 . . 6 . . 10 . 25 10 . . . . . 25 20 11 . . 10 . . . 6 . . 40 . . 10 6 . . . . 50 . 6 . . 10 . 0 . 11 . . 20 . 25 . . . . 10 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . 25 10 . 25 . 11 . . . . . . 6. . . . . . 6 17 . . . 25 . 11 . . . . . 40 6 17 50 30 . 25 . 6 . 75 10 . 25 70 6 . 50 50 60 50 30 6. . . . . . 6. . . . . . 6. . . . . . 8 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . 57 . . . . . . . 43 . 29 . 14 . 29 . 14 . 14 . . . . . . . 14 . 14 . 14 . . . . . . 89 . 44 . 67 100 89 71 11 . 56 14 22 . . . . . . . 33 . . . 11 14 22 29 44 86 33 71 56 71 . . . . . . 11 . 44 . 67 29 67 29 100 43 . . . . . 14 . . . . 11 14 . . . 14 . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 14 44 . . . 22 57 . . 22 . . . . . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 17 . . . 25 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . 50 38 . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 4 . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . 36 . 25 13 . 57 2 . 9 . . 25 . . . . . . 25 88 9 43 17 3 . . 50 63 9 86 4 . 18 . . . . . . . . . 25 25 . . 6 9 18 . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 13 18 29 4 6 . . 100 13 . . . . . . 25 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . 38 9 43 . . . . . 13 . . 2 3 . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Viola alba subsp. alba Stellaria holostea Carex montana Dactylorhiza fuchsii Ilex aquifolium Lonicera xylosteum Platanthera chlorantha Carex umbrosa Ranunculus casubicus Viola riviniana Cruciata glabra Rasnunculus auricomus QI Quercetea ilicis Rosa sempervirens Asparagus acutifolius Laurus nobilis Rubia peregrina EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea Pinus sylvestris Pinus sylvestris Carex alba VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Aposeris foetida Picea abies Picea abies Picea abies Oxalis acetosella Abies alba Abies alba Abies alba Gentiana asclepiadea Calamagrostis arundinacea Dryopteris dilatata Dryopteris assimilis Valeriana tripteris Veronica urticifolia RP Rhamno-Prunetea Ligustrum vulgare Ligustrum vulgare Crataegus laevigata Crataegus laevigata Crataegus laevigata Euonymus europaea Euonymus europaea Euonymus europaea Euonymus europaea Cornus sanguinea Cornus sanguinea Cornus sanguinea Cornus sanguinea Crataegus monogyna Crataegus monogyna Crataegus monogyna Rhamnus catharticus Rhamnus catharticus Rhamnus catharticus Berberis vulgaris Viburnum opulus Viburnum opulus Viburnum opulus Prunus spinosa Prunus spinosa Rubus fruticosus agg. Rubus ulmifolius Sorbus aucuparia Viburnum lantana Rosa canina agg. MuA Mulgedio-AconiteteaAconitum lycoctonum Athyrium filix-femina Senecio nemorensis Senecio ovatus Veratrum album s. lat. Aconitum variegatum Doronicum austriacum Silene dioica Chaerophyllum hirsutum Stellaria nemorum s.str. E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2 E2a E2b E1 E1 E1 E3b E2b E1 E1 E3a E2a E1 E1 E2a E3b E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2b E2a E3a E2b E2a E3a E2b E2a E1 E3a E2b E2a E1 E3a E2b E2a E2b E2a E1 E2a E2b E2a E1 E2b E2a E2b E2b E2 E2b E2b E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 78 61 33 6 . 33 44 22 6 17 28 . 6 22 17 6 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . 17 11 11 6 . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . 17 . . 67 17 17 17 50 17 17 50 17 . 17 . . . 50 . 17 17 . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . 75 . . . 50 25 25 25 . . . . . . 25 50 . . . . 25 10 0 25 . 50 75 . 25 75 50 . . . . . 75 . . 50 . . . . . . . . . 75 25 . . . . 4 . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 . . 10 . . . . 30 . . . . . 20 60 . . . . 20 60 10 . 60 90 . 30 70 90 . . . . . 80 . 30 80 10 . . . . 80 10 50 30 90 . 10 . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 40 . . . . 80 80 . 20 80 80 . . 40 40 . . . . 60 40 . 20 20 . . . . . 20 20 . . 20 . . 20 . . 6 . . 25 25 25 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . 25 25 25 . . . . 100 . 50 50 . 25 50 25 . . 50 . 75 50 50 . . 25 . 25 10 0 . 50 25 . . . 25 . 0 50 50 . . . . . . . 7 . . 10 20 . 10 . 20 10 10 . . . . . . . . 10 . 10 20 . . . 10 . . . . 20 10 10 10 10 10 60 . . . 10 10 60 10 10 60 90 . . . 10 . 10 . . 20 60 30 . 10 10 . . 10 . 10 50 10 10 10 . . 10 50 10 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 22 . 89 33 . . 56 . . . 11 . . 11 22 . . . . 11 56 . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 29 14 14 . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 71 . 29 . . 29 43 . 57 100 71 . 57 86 43 . 29 . . . . . 100 86 29 43 . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 50 . . . . . 25 25 . . 75 . . 75 50 . . . . 25 75 . 25 75 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . 13 13 13 . . . 38 13 . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . 38 75 . . 25 75 . . 25 13 13 38 . . 88 100 . 13 . . . . . . . 25 . . 38 . . . 50 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . 9 14 2 . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. . . . . 18 . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69. . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . 9 . 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 . . . . 36 . 17 9 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 57 60 22 . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 10 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 . 12 3 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 86 38 16 82 50 . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . .3. . . . 35 . . . . 14 . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . .2. . . 18 14 17 6 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 43 . . 18 33 . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . 27 100 . . . . . 71 . . . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum Geum rivale Carduus personata Ribes uva-crispa EA Epilobietea angustifolii Stachys sylvatica Arctium nemorosum Fragaria vesca Arctium minus Eupatorium cannabinum Solanum dulcamara Galeopsis speciosa Bromus ramosus subsp. benekenii Galeopsis pubescens Rubus idaeus Tussilago farfara TG Trifolio-Geranietea Campanula rapunculoides Lilium bulbiferum Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Viola hirta FB Festuco-Brometea Carlina acaulis Muscari neglectum Filipendula vulgaris CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex lepidocarpa Carex davalliana Menyanthes trifoliata Carex stellulata Cladium mariscus Ranunculus f lammula MC Montio-Cardaminetea Carex f lava s. str. Cardamine amara CU Calluno-Ulicetea Carex pallescens Ca Calthion Caltha palustris Angelica sylvestris Scirpus sylvaticus Myosotis scorpioides Mo Molinietalia caeruleae Colchicum autumnale Cirsium oleraceum Equisetum palustre Valeriana dioica Cirsium palustre Cardamine pratensis Ophioglossum vulgatum Selinum carvifolia Juncus effusus Juncus inf lexus Oenanthe lachenalii Carex tomentosa Crepis paludosa Dactylorhiza majalis Cirsium canum Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Sanguisorba officinalis Thalictrum lucidum Gratiola officinalis Juncus conglomeratus Thalictrum f lavum FP Filipendulo-Petasition Filipendula ulmaria Valeriana officinalis Lysimachia vulgaris Lythrum salicaria Mentha aquatica Myosoton aquaticum Symphytum officinale Stachys palustris PP Potentillo-Polygonetalia Ranunculus repens Barbarea vulgaris Plantago major subsp. intermedia Rumex conglomeratus Rumex crispus Duchesnea indica E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2a E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 1 . . . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . 25 25 . . . . . . . . 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . 60 70 . 30 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10 . 50 70 20 10 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 20 . . . . . . 40 20 . . . . 5 . . . . 60 . . 20 20 20 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 20 . . . . . . 40 . . . . . 6 . . . . 25 . . 50 . 25 25 . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 50 . . 75 . . 25 . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 25 . . . . 25 . 25 . . . 7 10 . . . 30 . . 10 30 30 30 10 10 . . . . . 10 10 . . 10 . . . . . 10 . 60 60 60 10 60 80 20 60 . . 20 30 20 20 . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . 30 20 30 10 . . 50 10 . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . 56 11 . 11 56 . . 33 . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . 11 . . . 11 . . 11 . . 9 . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . 14 . 29 14 . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 14 . . . . . 14 . . 14 29 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . 14 . 43 . 10 . . . . 25 . . . 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . 75 0 25 25 75 75 75 25 . 25 . . 25 . 25 . . . . . . . . . 75 . 25 . 50 . . . 75 . . . . . 11 . 38 13 . 13 . . 13 63 50 38 . . 25 13 . . . . . . . . 13 13 . . . . 38 . 100 63 50 25 13 63 63 88 . 88 . . 50 . . 25 75 13 13 . . . . . . 75 50 75 . 63 13 . . 75 13 . . 13 . 12 13 14 15 16 17 . . . . . . 36 29 . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . 17 . 86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 43 10 3 . . 9 . 56 25 55 67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . .23. . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 27 71 13 . 9 33 . .2. . . 82 86 19 6 64 83 73 29 10 13 9 . 27 . 10 9 9 17 . . 27 3 82 33 . 86 . . . . 55 43 6 6 9 50 . . 15 9 . . 73 71 33 22 91 33 . .63. . 9 43 . . 55 . 9. . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 57 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 13 . . . .4. . . . .26. . . . .3. . . . . . 18 . . . . . . 17 82 100 33 25 64 67 . 43 10 9 . . 9 14 25 66 81 67 45 . 31 44 18 67 64 71 8 9 9 . . .8. . . . . 40 9 . . . . 4 6 . 33 73 57 10 9 45 33 . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . .3. . . .43. . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Carex hirta Agrostis stolonifera MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Allium scorodoprasum Deschampsia cespitosa Crocus albif lorus Anthriscus sylvestris Astrantia major Muscari botryoides Veronica chamaedrys Ajuga reptans Dactylis glomerata s.str. Galium mollugo agg. Poa trivialis Prunella vulgaris Taraxacum officinale Vicia sepium Lysimachia nummularia Veronica serpyllifolia Ranunculus acris Lychnis f los-cuculi PM Phragmiti-MagnocariceteaGalium palustre Lycopus europaeus Glyceria notata (maxima agg.) Phalaris arundinacea Iris pseudacorus Carex elata Carex randalpina Allisma plantago-aquatica Carex vesicaria Equisetum f luviatile Carex vulpina Carex elongata Carex acuta Carex riparia Carex rostrata Poa palustris Carex acutiformis Carex paniculata Phragmites australis Peucedanum palustre Scutellaria gelericulata Berrula erecta Nasturtium officinale Typha latifolia Carex otrubae Scoenoplectus lacustris Sparganium erectum FC Filipendulo-ConvolvuleteaCalystegia sepium Epilobium parvif lorum Fallopia japonica Epilobium hirsutum Cucubalus baccifer BT Bidentetea tripartitetaePolygonum hydropiper Bidens frondosa Bidens tripartita AV Artemisietea vulgarisArtemisia vulgaris Echinops sphaerocephalus Silene latifolia subsp. alba Rumex obtusifolius Asplenium viride Artemisia verlotiorum Cirsium vulgare GU Galio-Urticetea Aegopodium podagraria Glechoma hederacea Geum urbanum Viola odorata Alliaria petiolata Chaerophyllum aureum Lamium maculatum Parietaria officinalis Galium aparine Impatiens glandulifera Helianthus tuberosus Solidago gigantea E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 1 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 39 28 17 11 6 6 6 . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0 83 33 . 33 . . 50 17 . . . 3 . . 25 50 25 25 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 50 . 25 25 . . 50 25 . . 4 . . . 70 20 30 . 40 50 40 10 10 10 10 10 . . . . . 10 50 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 80 . 10 30 10 . . . . . 5 . . 20 80 . 40 . . 20 20 20 . 60 . 40 40 20 20 . . . 20 . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 20 20 . . . . . 60 80 20 100 20 40 20 60 60 20 80 6 . . . 50 25 . . . . 50 25 . . 25 . . 25 . . . . 50 . . 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 . . . . . . . . 50 50 75 25 . . . . . . . . 7 . . 30 70 20 60 . . 20 20 10 . 30 . 20 10 10 . 10 . 10 20 . 10 . 20 10 10 10 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 10 . . . . . . . . 10 10 . . 90 30 80 . 10 . 10 10 30 . 10 40 8 . . . 22 . . . . . 56 . . . . . . 11 . . . 11 11 . . 11 22 . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 22 . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . 86 14 . 43 . 29 . 71 . 29 . . 29 . . 29 . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . 14 43 14 . . . . . . . . 10 . . . 100 . . . 25 . 50 25 . . 25 25 . . . 50 . 75 100 . . 0 . 25 . . . . . 75 50 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . 50 . 13 . . 13 38 13 50 38 . . . . . 13 13 25 25 . . 38 . 50 . . . . . 63 . 13 . 38 25 13 . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . 25 . 25 25 . 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 . .4. . . . .2. . . . . . . . . 18 86 8 3 . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 43 . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . .43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 29 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 9 17 . . 21 41 82 33 82 29 29 59 82 33 . . 4 . 9 50 9 . 25 . 18 50 . . 50 47 . 50 . . 27 100 64 50 . . . . . . . . 2 . . 17 . . 2 . 73 33 9. . . . . . . . . . . 55 . 13 . 100 50 . . .3. . . . 6 3 . 100 . . . . . . . . 10 3 . . . . 10 0 19 36 . . .2. . . . . 19 41 . 50 . . 8 9 73 83 . . 8 16 . . . .6. . . . .66. . . .66. . . .23. . . . .9. . . . . . . 33 . . 19 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . 18 14 12 . 9 33 . . 2 13 . . . . 10 6 . . . . .3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . .9. 82 100 . . . . . . 4 6 9 17 . . 10 6 . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 2 . 9 . . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 43 4 3 . 50 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 Urtica dioica E1 . Impatiens parvif lora E1 . Petasites hybridus E1 . Solidago canadensis E1 . SM Stellarietea mediae Allium vineale E1 17 Stellaria media s.str. E1 6 Lapsana communis E1 . Chelidonium majus E1 . Bromus sterilis E1 . Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus E1 . Solanum nigrum E1 . Plantago major subsp. major E1 . Aethusa cynapium E1 . TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii, Asplenietea trichomanisCardaminopsis arenosa E1 6 AT Polypodium vulgare E1 6 Petasites paradoxus E1 . Peucedanum verticillare E1 . O other species (Druge vrste)Robinia pseudoacacia E3b 83 Robinia pseudoacacia E3a 17 Robinia pseudoacacia E2b 11 Robinia pseudoacacia E2a 6 Prunus insititia E3b 6 Prunus insititia E3a . Prunus insititia E2b . Prunus insititia E2a 22 Ficus carica E1 6 Narcissus pseudonarcissus E1 6 Prunus sp. E2a 6 Spiraea japonica E2a 6 Malus domestica E3a . Hesperis matronalis E1 . Allium sp. E1 . Mentha sp. E1 . Viola sp. E1 . Quercus rubra E3b . Vitis vinifera E3a . Carex sp. E1 . Juniperus communis E2a . Trachycarpus fortunei E1 . Potamogeton sp. E1 . Platanus x hispanica E3b . Hottonia palustris E1 . M Mosses (Ma hov i)Ctenidium molluscum E0 17 Plagiomnium undulatum E0 6 Brachythecium rutabulum E0 6 Homalothecium lutescens E0 6 Isothecium alopecuroides E0 6 Atrichum undulatum E0 . Climacium dendroides E0 . Conocephalum conicum E0 . Brachythecium sp. E0 . Polytrichum formosum E0 . Plagoimnium cuspidatum E0 . Plagiomnium affine E0 . Sphagnum squarrosum E0 . Sphagnum sp. E0 . Mnium hornum E0 . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . 17 17 33 . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . 25 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 . . . 20 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 80 40 . . . 20 . 40 40 20 . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . . . 25 . . . . . 25 0 . . 25 . . 25 . . 25 . 25 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 20 10 90 . 20 . . . . . . 10 10 . . 10 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 . . . . . . . . . 60 . . . 10 10 20 . . . . . . . 8 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . 11 22 . . . 33 . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 14 14 14 14 . . . . 14 . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 . 25 55 71 35 28 9 67 . . 18 14 . . . . . . . 100 . . . . 25 . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . .23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . .86. . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . . 9 29 . . 45 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . .9. . . . . . .9. . . . . . .9. OrClo Ornithogalo pyranaici-Carpinetum betuli lamietosum orvalae, the Vipava Valley, this article, Table 7, relevés 20–39 LoAg-Vd Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae, the Vipava Valley, this article, Table 7, relevés 14–19 LoAgsb-R Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae var. Scilla bifolia, the Reka Valley, this article, Table 9, relevés 6–9 LoAgcb-R Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae var. Cardamine bulbifera, the Reka Valley, this article, Table 9, relevés 10–19 LoAgsb1-R Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae var. Scilla bifolia, the Reka Valley, this article, Table 9, relevés 1–5 LoAg1-Vd Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae, the Vipava Valley, this article,Table 7, relevés 10–13 LoAg-ZP Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae s. lat., the Soča and Idrijca Valleys, Dakskobler, (2016, mscr.) PsCbla-Vd Pseudostellario-Carpinetum betuli leucojetosum aestivi, the Vipava Valley, Lijak, this article, Table 7, relevés 1–9 Fra-Is Rusco aculeati-Fraxinetum angustifoliae nom. prov., Istria, Dakskobler & Sadar (2016, mscr.) CacAg-R Carici acutae-Alnetum glutinosae nom. prov., the Reka Valley, Dakskobler (2016, mscr.) Cra A-Md Carici randalpinae-Alnetum glutinosae Martinčič 2007 nom. prov., Dolenjska, the Rašica Valley, Dakskobler (2016, mscr.) CelAggr-A Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae var. Geum rivale, Dolenjska, the Kočevsko region, Accetto (1994, Table 3) SnAg-A Stellario-Alnetum glutinosae var. geogr. Knautia drymeia, Dolenjska, Accetto (1994, Table 4) ChAg-It Corno hungaricae-Alnetum glutinosae, N-Italy, Sburlino et al. (2011, Table 1) Cel Ag-It Carici elatae-Alnetum glutinosae, N-Italy, Sburlino et al. (2011, Table 2) CelAgla-A Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae var. Leucojum aestivum, Dolenjska, the Krka Valley, Accetto (1994, Table 2) CelAgcr-A Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae caricetosum ripariae, the Mura region (Pomurje), Accetto (1994, Table 1, relevés 1–6). NOTULA Nomenclature correction of the name and rank of the association Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. Nomenklaturni popravek imena in ranga asociacije Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. Igor DAKSKOBLER Some years ago we published a phytosociological analysis of Quercus petraea stands, whose herb layer is dominated by Erica carnea in the f lysch hills of Vipavs­ka Brda and on the margins of the Vrhe plateau (south­western Slovenia) – Dakskobler (2014). We deter­mined that they are a long-term degradation stage on beech forest sites from the association Seslerio autu­mnalis-Fagetum M. Wraber ex Borhidi 1963. Based on comparisons with similar sessile oak stands from the associations Melampyro vulgati-Quercetum petraeae Puncer et Zupančič 1979, Seslerio autumnalis-Querce­tum petraeae Poldini (1964) 1982 and Erico carneae­-Quercetum petraeae Krause et Ludwig ex Horvat 1959, the studied stands were classified into the new associa­tion Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae, into the alliance Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958 and into the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Klika 1933. We had overlooked, however, that the same name, Cytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae (Stefanović 1964) Pallas 2003 (Bohn & Neuhäusl 2003) or Cytiso hirsu­ti-Quercetum petraeae (Stefanović 1964) Pallas in Bohn et Neuhäusl 2004 (Stupar et al. 2015) was already used for different Quercus petraea woods in Bosnia and Herzegovina that belong to the alliance Castaneo­-Quercion Soó 1964 and the order Quecetalia roboris Tüxen 1931. According to the Code of phytosociologi­cal nomenclature (Weber et al. 2000, Art. 31, 753– 754) the name Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petra­eae Dakskobler 2014 is a later homonym and illegiti­mate, while Cytisus hirsutus is a synonym for Chamae­cytisus hirsutus. As it is not possible to find a proper new name for our association, we decided for a change of rank. We subordinated the association Chamaecytiso hirsuti­-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. to the association Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petrae­ae Poldini (1964) 1982 as a new subassociation Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae ericetosum carneae subass. nov. hoc loco. This also means that we consider the association Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petrae­ae in a broader sense, not only as a primary sessile oak community of the Vipava Valley, Karst and Istria, but also including secondary Quercus petraea communi­ties of this area on potential beech sites. REFERENCES Bohn, U. & R. Neuhäusl, 2003: Karte der natürliche Vegetation Europas. Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe. Münster. Dakskobler, I., 2014: Phytosociological description of Quercus petraea forest stands with Chamaecytisus hirsutus and Erica carnea in the Vipavska brda (southwestern Slovenia). Acta Silvae et Ligni (Ljubljana) 103: 1–20. 1 Dr. Igor Dakskobler, the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sci­ences and Arts, Regional research unit, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin and Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si Stupar, V., D. Milanović, J. Brujić & A. Čarni, 2015: Formalized classification and nomenclatural revision of thermophilous decidous forests (Quercetalia pubescentis) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Tuexenia (Göttingen) 35: 85–130. Weber, H. E., J. Moravec & J. P. Theurillat, 2000: International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 3rd. Edition. Journal of Vegetation Science (Uppsala) 11 (5): 739–766. NAVODILA AVTORJEM Folia biologica et geologica so znanstvena revija IV. razreda SAZU za naravoslovne vede. Objavljajo naravoslovne znanstvene razprave in pregledne članke, ki se nanašajo predvsem na raziskave v našem etničnem območju Slovenije, pa tudi raziskave na območju Evrope in širše, ki so pomembne, potrebne ali primerljive za naša preučevanja. 1. ZNANSTVENA RAZPRAVA Znanstvena razprava zajema celovit opis izvirne raziskave, ki vključuje teoretični pregled tematike, po­drobno predstavlja rezultate z razpravo in zaključki ali sklepi in pregled citiranih avtorjev. V izjemnih primerih so namesto literaturnega pregleda dovoljeni viri, če to zahteva vsebina razprave. Razprava naj ima klasično razčlenitev (uvod, ma­terial in metode, rezultati, diskusija z zaključki, zahvale, literatura idr.). Dolžina razprave, vključno s tabelami, grafikoni, tablami, slikami ipd., praviloma ne sme presegati 2 avtor­skih pol oziroma 30 strani tipkopisa. Zaželene so razpra­ve v obsegu ene avtorske pole oziroma do dvajset strani tipkopisa. Razpravo ocenjujeta recenzenta, od katerih je eden praviloma član SAZU, drugi pa ustrezni tuji strokovnjak. Recenzente na predlog uredniškega odbora revije Folia biologica et geologica potrdi IV. razred SAZU. Razprava gre v tisk, ko jo na predlog uredniškega odbora na seji sprejmeta IV. razred in predsedstvo SAZU. 2. PREGLEDNI ČLANEK Pregledni članek objavljamo po posvetu uredniške­ga odbora z avtorjem. Na predlog uredniškega odbora ga sprejmeta IV. razred in predsedstvo SAZU. Članek naj praviloma obsega največ 3 avtorske pole (tj. do 50 tipka­nih strani). 3. NOVOSTI Revija objavlja krajše znanstveno zanimive in aktu­alne prispevke do 7000 znakov. 4. IZVIRNOST PRISPEVKA Razprava oziroma članek, objavljen v reviji Folia biologica et geologica, ne sme biti predhodno objavljen v drugih revijah ali knjigah. 5. JEZIK Razprava ali članek sta lahko pisana v slovenščini ali katerem od svetovnih jezikov. V slovenščini zlasti te­daj, če je tematika lokalnega značaja. Prevod iz svetovnih jezikov in jezikovno lektorira­nje oskrbi avtor prispevka, če ni v uredniškem odboru dogovorjeno drugače. 6. POVZETEK Za razprave ali članke, pisane v slovenščini, mora biti povzetek v angleščini, za razprave ali članke v tujem jeziku ustrezen slovenski povzetek. Povzetek mora biti do­volj obširen, da je tematika jasno prikazana in razumljiva domačemu in tujemu bralcu. Dati mora informacijo o na­menu, metodi, rezultatu in zaključkih. Okvirno naj pov­zetek zajema 10 do 20 % obsega razprave oziroma članka. 7. IZVLEČEK Izvleček mora podati jedrnato informacijo o na­menu in zaključkih razprave ali članka. Napisan mora biti v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. 8. KLJUČNE BESEDE Število ključnih besed naj ne presega 10 besed. Pred­staviti morajo področje raziskave, podane v razpravi ali članku. Napisane morajo biti v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. 9. NASLOV RAZPRAVE ALI ČLANKA Naslov razprave ali članka naj bo kratek in razum­ljiv. Za naslovom sledi ime/imena avtorja/avtorjev (ime in priimek). 10. NASLOV AVTORJA/AVTORJEV Pod ključnimi besedami spodaj je naslov avtorja/ avtorjev, in sicer akademski naslov, ime, priimek, ustano­va, mesto z oznako države in poštno številko, država, ali elektronski poštni naslov. 11. UVOD Uvod se mora nanašati le na vsebino razprave ali članka. 12. ZAKLJUČKI ALI SKLEPI Zaključki ali sklepi morajo vsebovati sintezo glavnih ugotovitev glede na zastavljena vprašanja in razrešujejo ali nakazujejo problem raziskave. 13. TABELE, TABLE, GRAFIKONI, SLIKE IPD. Tabele, table, grafikoni, slike ipd. v razpravi ali član­ku naj bodo jasne, njihovo mesto mora biti nedvoumno označeno, njihovo število naj racionalno ustreza vsebini. Tabele, table, slike, ilustracije, grafikoni ipd. skupaj z na­slovi naj bodo priloženi na posebnih listih. Če so slike v digitalni obliki, morajo biti pripravljene u zapisu .tiff v barvni skali cMYK in resoluciji vsaj 300 DPi/inch. Risa­ne slike pa v zapisu .eps. Pri fitocenoloških tabelah se tam, kjer ni zastopana rastlinska vrsta, natisne pika. 14. LITERATURA IN VIRI Uporabljeno literaturo citiramo med besedilom. Citirane avtorje pišemo v kapitelkah. Enega avtorja piše­mo » (Priimek leto)« ali »(Priimek leto: strani)« ali »Pri­imek leto« [npr. (Bukry 1974) ali (Oberdorfer 1979: 218) ali ... Poldini (1991) ...]. Če citiramo več del istega avtorja, objavljenih v istem letu, posamezno delo ozna­čimo po abecednem redu »Priimek leto mala črka« [npr. ...Horvatić (1963 a)... ali (Horvatić 1963 b)]. Avtor­jem z enakim priimkom dodamo pred priimkom prvo črko imena (npr. R. Tuxen ali J. Tuxen). Več avtorjev istega dela citiramo po naslednjih načelih: delo do treh avtorjev »Priimek, Priimek & Priimek leto: strani« [npr. (Shearer, Papike & Simon 1984) ali Pearce & Cann (1973: 290-300)...]. Če so več kot trije avtorji, citiramo »Priimek prvega avtorja et al. leto: strani« ali »Priimek prvega avtorja s sodelavci leto« [npr. Noll et al. 1996: 590 ali ...Meusel s sodelavci (1965)]. Literaturo uredimo po abecednem redu. Imena av­torjev pišemo v kapitelkah: – Razprava ali članek: Dakskobler, L, 1997: Geografske variante asoci­acije Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum (Ht.) M. Wraber ex Borhidi 1963. Razprave IV razreda SAZU (Ljubljana) 38 (8): 165–255. Kajfež, L. & A. Hočevar, 1984: Klima. Tlatvorni činitelji. V D. Stepančič: Komentar k listu Murska Sobota. Osnovna pedološka karta SFRJ. Pedološka karta Slovenije 1:50.000 (Ljubljana): 7–9. Le Loeuff, J., E. Buffeaut, M. Martin & H. Tong, 1993: Decouverte d’Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) dans le Maastrichtien des Corbieres (Aude, France). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 316, Ser. II: 1023–1029. – Knjiga: GORTANI, L. & M. GORTANI, 1905: Flora Friuliana. Udine. Če sta različna kraja založbe in tiskarne, se navaja kraj založbe. – elaborat ali poročilo: PRUS, T., 1999: Tla severne Istre. Biotehniška fakulteta. Univerza v Ljubljani. Center za pedologijo in varstvo okolja. Oddelek za agronomijo. Ljubljana. (Elabo­rat, 10 str.). – atlasi, karte, načrti ipd.: KLIMATOGRAFIJA Slovenije 1988: Prvi zvezek: Temperatura zraka 1951–1980. Hidrometeorološki zavod SR Slovenije. Ljubljana. LETNO poročilo meteorološke službe za leto 1957. Hidrometeorološki zavod SR Slovenije. Ljubljana. Za vire veljajo enaka pravila kot za literaturo. 15. LATINSKA IMENA TAKSONOV Latinska imena rodov, vrst in infraspecifičnih tak­sonov se pišejo kurzivno. V fitocenoloških razpravah ali člankih se vsi sintaksoni pišejo kurzivno. 16. FORMAT IN OBLIKA RAZPRAVE ALI ČLAN­KA Članek naj bo pisan v formatu RTF z medvrstičnim razmikom 1,5 na A4 (DIN) formatu. Uredniku je treba oddati izvirnik in kopijo ter zapis na disketi 3,5 ali na CD-ROM-u. Tabele in slike so posebej priložene tekstu. Slike so lahko priložene kot datoteke na CD-ROM-u, za podrobnosti se vpraša uredništvo. INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS Folia biologica et geologica is a scientific periodical of the Classis IV: Natural history that publishes natural sci­entific proceedings and review articles referring mainly to researches in ethnic region of ours, and also in Europe and elsewhere being of importance, necessity and comparison to our researches. 1. SCIENTIFIC TREATISE It is the entire description of novel research includ­ing the theoretical review of the subjects, presenting in detail the results, conclusions, and the survey of litera­ture of the authors cited. In exceptional cases the survey of literature may be replaced by sources, if the purport requires it. It should be composed in classic manner: introduc­tion, material and methods, results, discussion with con­clusions, acknowledgments, literature, etc. The treatise should not be longer than 30 pages, in­cluding tables, graphs, figures and others. Much desired are treatises of 20 pages. The treatises are reviewed by two reviewers, one of them being member of SASA as a rule, the other one a foreign expert. The reviewers are confirmed by the Classis IV SASA upon the proposal of the editorial board of Folia biologica et geologica. The treatise shall be printed when adopted upon the proposal of the editorial board by Classis IV and the Presidency SASA. 2. REVIEW ARTICLE On consultation with the editorial board and the author, the review article shall be published. Classis IV and the Presidency SASA upon the proposal of the edito­rial board adopt it. It should not be longer than 50 pages. 3. NEWS The periodical publishes short, scientificaly relevant and topical articles up to 7000 characters in lenght. 4. NOVELTy OF THE CONTRIBUTION The treatise or article ought not to be published previously in other periodicals or books. 5. LANGUAGE The treatise or article may be written in one of world language and in Slovenian language especially when the subjects are of local character. The author of the treatise or article provides the translation into slovenian language and corresponding editing, unless otherwise agreed by the editorial board. 6. SUMMARy When the treatise or article is written in Slovenian, the summary should be in English. When they are in foreign language, the summary should be in Slovenian. It should be so extensive that the subjects are clear and understandable to domestic and foreign reader. It should give the information about the intention, method, result, and conclusions of the treatise or article. It should not be longer than 10 to 20% of the treatise or article itself. 7. ABSTRACT It should give concise information about the inten­tion and conclusions of the treatise or article. It must be written in English and Slovenian. 8. KEy WORDS The number of key words should not exceed 10 words. They must present the topic of the research in the treatise or article and written in English and Slovenian. 9. TITLE OF TREATISE OR ARTICLE It should be short and understandable. It is fol­lowed by the name/names of the author/authors (name and surname). 10. ADDRESS OF AUTHOR/AUTHORS The address of author/authors should be at the bot­tom of the page: academic title, name, surname, institu­tion, town and state mark, post number, state, or e-mail of the author/authors. 11. INTRODUCTION Its contents should refer to the purports of the trea­tise or article only. 12. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions ought to include the synthesis of the main statements resolving or indicating the problems of the research. 13. TABLES, GRAPHS, FIGURES, ETC. They should be clear, their place should be marked unambiguously, and the number of them must ration­ally respond to the purport itself. Tables, figures, illus­trations, graphs, etc. should be added within separated sheets. In case that pictures in digital form, tiFF format and cMYK colour scale with 300 DPi/inch resolution should be used. For drawn pictures, ePS format should be used. In cases, when certan plant species are not represented, a dot should be always printed in phytocenologic tables. 14. LITERATURE AND SOURCES The literature used is to be cited within the text. The citation of the authors is to be marked in capitals. One writes the single author as follows: “(Surname year)” or “(Surname year: pages)” or “Surname year” [(Bukry 1974) or (Oberdorfer 1979: 218) or ... Poldini (1991)...]. The works of the same author are to be cited in alphabeti­cal order:“Surname year small letter” [...Horvatić (1963 a)... or (Horvatić (1963 b)]. The first letter of the au­thor’s name is to be added when the surname of several authors is the same (R. Tuxen or J. Tuxen). When there are two or three authors, the citation is to be as follows: “Surname, Surname & Surname year: pages” [(Shearer, Papike & Simon 1984) or Pearce & Cann (1973: 290­300)...]. When there are more than three authors, the ci­tation is to be as follows: “Surname of the first one et al. year: pages” or “Surname of the first one with collabora­tors year” [Noll et al. 1996: 590 or Meusel with collabo­rators (1965)]. The literature is to be cited in alphabetical order. The author’s name is written in capitals as follows: – treatise or article: Dakskobler, L, 1997: Geografske variante asoci­acije Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum (Ht.) M. Wraber ex Borhidi 1963. Razprave IV. Razreda SAZU (Ljubljana) 38 (8): 165-255. Kajfež, L. & A. Hočevar, 1984: Klima. Tlatvorni činitelji. V D. Stepančič: Komentar k listu Murska Sobota. Osnovna pedološka karta SFRJ. Pedološka karta Slovenije 1:50.000 (Ljubljana): 7–9. Le Loeuff, J., E. Buffeaut, M. Martin & H. Tong, 1993:Déecouverte d’Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria, Ornithis­chia) dans le Maastrichtien des Corbieres (Aude, France). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 316, Ser. II: 1023-1029. – book: GORTANI, L. & M. GORTANI, 1905: Flora Friuliana. Udine. In case that the location of publishing and printing are different, the location of publishing is quoted. – elaborate or report: PRUS, T., 1999: Tla severne Istre. Biotehniška fakulteta. Univerza v Ljubljani. Center za pedologijo in varstvo okolja. Oddelek za agronomijo. Ljubljana. (Elabo­rat, 10 str.). – atlases, maps, plans, etc.: KLIMATOGRAFIJA Slovenije 1988: Prvi zvezek: Temperatura zraka 1951-1980. Hidrometeorološki zavod SR Slovenije. Ljubljana. LETN0 poročilo meteorološke službe za leto 1957. Hidrometeorološki zavod SR Slovenije. Ljubljana. The same rules hold for sources. 15. LATIN NAMES OF TAXA Latin names for order, series, and infraspecific taxa are to be written in italics. All syntaxa written in phyto­coenological treatises or articles are to be in italics. 16. SIZE AND FORM OF THE TREATISE OR AR­TICLE The contribution should be written in RTF format, spacing lines 1.5 on A4 (DIN) size. The original and copy ought to be sent to the editor on diskette 3.5 or on CD-Rom. Tables and figures are to be added separately. Figures may be added as files on CD-Rom. The editorial board is to your disposal giving you detailed information. 17. THE TERM OF DELIVERy The latest term to deliver your contribution is May 31. FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 57/3 - 2016 Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti v Ljubljani Grafična priprava za tisk Medija grafično oblikovanje, d.o.o. Tisk Abo Grafika d.o.o. Ljubljana 2016