PaHocpegHOBeKOBHaTa 6pOH3eHa paKa og Po-MaHuja m Hej3MHMTe pe^a^MM co cnoBeHCKMTe naraHCKM TpagM^MM Hukoc haycuduc ne article analyzes a bronze hand from Romania found at an unknown site. ne hand, which was dated between the 6th and the 7th centuries, was placed on auction in New York in 1989. With the help of artistic, stylistic and iconographic comparisons it has been established that it belongs to the so-called Early Medieval pagan-Slavic iconographic system. By employing the symbolic and iconographic comparative analysis, the first part of the article focuses on the identification and interpretation of the mythical pictures depicted on the hand (zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and geometric). nese pictures indicate former affiliation with cosmological iconography. ne second part of the study analyzes the role of hands and palms in traditional Slavic culture. ne author writes about the nracian-Phrygian god Sabazios and compares the hand from Romania with other similar bronze hands that were connected with the cult of god Sabazios and widespread between the 2nd and the 4th centuries. Ha 23 jyHu 1989 roguHa, ay^ucKaTa KyKa »Sotheby«, bo K>y - JopK u3Hece Ha npoga:6a npegMeT bo Bug Ha paKa, u3nueHa og 6poH3a (T. I; T. II). Bo KaTanoroT 3a oBaa ay^uja, noKpaj ^oTorpa^ujaTa Ha npegMeTOT 6eme npuno:eH cnegHuoT TeKCT: »TpaKuCKa 6poH3eHa BoTUBHa paKa, og PoMaHuja (?), oKony 4. BeK HoBa epa. Hocu npcTeHU Ha Tpu og ^parneHTupaHuTe npcTU u 6pa3neTHa co pe6pecT ^HTap Ha pa^HuoT 3rno6. HagBopemHaTa noBpmuHa Ha paKaTa e u3neaHa bo penje^, co rycTa Tonna og :ubothu, ^TU^U u 3muu, huu Tena ce opHaMeHTupaHu co cpnoBugHu o3HaKu, poM6oBugHu TOHKaaa, a HeKou HocaT 0KynyBpaTHU^u. MaH:eTaTa e cnu^Ho geKopupaHa, co 6pagecTu TOBe^Ku rnaBu, kou ce npuKa:aHu nog (^urypu Ha :ubothu u 6paHoBugeH motub. flon:uHa 17,1 cm.«1 Tpu roguHu ^ogo^Ha, Dr. Dafydd Kidd og British Museum (Departement of Medieval and Later Antiquities), nonaTHo ce ocBpHa Ha oBoj npegMeT bo cBojaTa cTaTuja nocBeTeHa Ha egeH gpyr Haog, oTKyneH og cTpaHa Ha BpuTaHcKuoT My3ej.2 Ce pa6oTu 3a 6poH3eHa ^urypuHa Ha naB, ny6nuKyBaHa og nopaHo, KaKo gen Ha genoTo og otuhhu npegMeTu, npoHajgeHo bo Benecmuno (Velestinon) bo Tecanuja, gaTupaHu bo 6 - 7 BeK (gen og npegMeTuTe: T. III: 1, 4, 5, 7-11; T. IV: 3, 4, 9, 11). ToBopejKu 3a HaBegeHuoB npegMeT u nomupoKo 3a genoTo og BenecTuHo, aBTopoT ja cnoMHyBa u »6poH3eHaTa BoTuBHa paKa«, 3a Koja KoHcTaTupa geKa noKpaj c^e^u^UHHUTe geTanu, e geKopupaHa 1 Messrs Sotheby's ... , lot. 173. 2 D. Kidd, Ue Velestinon ... , 509 - 515. 37 PaHocpegHOBeKOBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3MHMTe pe7^uu co enoBeHeKMTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu 38 T. I EpoH3eHa paKa, Heno3HaTo HaofanumTe, PoMaHuja, ^oTorpa^uja: Messrs Sotheby's ... , lot. 173. Hukoc haycuduc T. II BpoH3eHa paKa, Hen03HaT0 HaoranumTe, PoMaHuja, ^pTe® u3BegeH cnopeg ^oTorpa^uja (Messrs Sotheby's ... , lot. 173). 39 PaHocpegHOBeKOBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3uHuTe pena^uu co cnoBeHcKuTe naraHCKM Tpag^uu T. III PaHocpegHoBeKoBHu 6poH3eHu npegMeTu (6-7. BeK). 1, 4, 5, 7-11: Velestinon, Tecanuja ^pTe^u cnopeg ^oTorpa^uu Kaj J. Werner, Slaw. Bronzefig. ... , Taf. 1, 3); 2: Jy^Ha flo6pyxa, Byrapuja, B. M. BacuneB, BpoH3oBaa ... , 274-Puc. 1; 3. MapTuHoBKa, UKpauHa (Sjaj ukrainskih ... , 172/136); 6: Ou6yna, Mana A3uja (J. Werner, Neues ... , Taf. 30: 2); 12: OnKoB og ToKa, Karojba, Istra, Hrvatska (Slaveni ...). Hukoc haycuduc Bo cTun Koj e aHanoreH Ha HeKou äubotuhcku ^urypu og BenecTuHcKoTo geno. npu Toa a^eHTupa geKa He 6un bo mo^hoct npegMeToT ga ro npoynu npeKy HenocpegeH yBug Ha opuruHanoT, og mTo npou3neryBa geKa HeroBuTe 3a6enemKu ce 6a3MpaHM Bp3 ognu^HaTa ^oTorpa^uja, o6jaBeHa bo KaTanoroT Ha Sotheby u bo HeroBaTa cTaTuja.3 CyMupajKu ru HeroBUTe 3a6enemKu, Mo»e ga ce 3aKnynu geKa D. Kidd ru Herupa KBanu^uKaTuBuTe npuno^eHu bo HaBegeHuoT KaTanor (geKa ce pa6oTu 3a npegMeT og TpaKujcKuoT KynTypeH Kpyr, gaTupaH bo 4. BeK og HamaTa epa). MaKo noKoHKpeTHo He ce npou3HecyBa 3a xpoHonorujaTa u KynTyponomKaTa npunagHocT Ha paKaTa, aHanoruuTe mTo ru anocrpo^upa (BenecTuHcKoTo u gpyruTe genoa u oggenHu Haogu) ynaTyBaaT Ha HeroBoTo onpegenyBaae 3a 6 - 7. BeK u KynTyponomKo noBp3yBaae co ^o^yna^uuTe BKnyneHu bo roneMaTa npecen6a Ha HapoguTe. XwnoTe3M 3a nocToeHaeTO Ha paHOcpegHOBeKOBeH naraHO - cnoBeHCKM CTMHCKO - MKOHOrpa^CKM CMCTeM M3MuHaTuTe geceTuHa roguHu, bo HeKonKy HaBpaTu ru npoyqyBaBMe MeTanHuTe nno^Ku og HaBegeHoTo geno bo BenecTuHo, rnaBHo og acneKT Ha HuBHaTa uKoHorpa^uja u KynTHa HaMeHa.4 Ba3upajKu ce Ha KynTyponomKuTe u xpoHonomKu onpegen6u Ha J. Werner5 u gpyru aBTopu (geKa ce pa6oTu 3a paHocnoBeHcKu npegMeTu), npeKy cuM6onu^Ko - uKoHorpa^cKaTa aHanu3a u KoMnapaTuBHuoT MaTepujan, ce o6ugoBMe ga ro onpegenuMe 3HaneaeTo Ha HeKou og hub. 3aKnynuBMe geKa aHTponoMop^HuTe u 3ooaHTponoMop^HuTe nuKoBu ro npuKa^yBaaT naHTeoHoT Ha CnoBeHuTe, BepojaTHo Ha nneMeTo Velegiziti, Koe cnopeg ucTopucKuTe u3Bopu, bo 6 - 7. BeK ce Hacenuno bo Tecanuja. KoHKpeTHo, ro onpegenuBMe KapaKTepoT Ha cnegHuTe 6o^ecTBa: vrhovniot nebeski bog (T. III: 5), öoMu^ma poöunKa, npuKa^aHa bo HaTypanucTu^Ka (T. III: 7) 3ooMop^Ha u cxeMaTu3upaHa ^opMa (T. III: 9, 10), ymTe egHa ^eHcKa 6o»:u^ co He6ecKo - conapHu aTpu6yTu (T. III: 1), ^p0M0BHUK0m co ceKupa bo paKaTa KaKo cuM6on Ha rpoMoT (T. III: 8), conapHuom KowaHUK co Men u mTuT, bo 3Haneae Ha conapeH gucK (T. III: 4) u aHmpono - 3ooMop$HUom xmoHCKU 6o^ (T. III: 11). Ja a^eHTupaBMe u nopaHo u3HeceHaTa Te3a geKa He 6u Mopano ga ce pa6oTu 3a MaTpu^u 3a Kananeae penje^u og MeTanHu ^onuu, TyKy 3a botubhu nno^Ku T.e. KynTHu npegMeTu KopucTeHu KaKo anoTponeoHu unu KaKo gapoBu bo cBeTunumTaTa. OBa ro noTKpenuBMe co ceymTe ^uBuTe aHanorHu o6unau, 3anyBaHu bo cnoBeHcKuoT u nomupoKo eBponcKuoT ^oKnop, npu kou MeTanHu, bocohhu unu gpBeHu penje^Hu nno^Ku ce ocTaBaaT bo ^pKBUTe u cBeTuTe MecTa bo npupogaTa, nopagu o3gpaByBaae unu gpyru ^nu.6 TprHyBajKu og npuno^eHoTo, roneM uHTepec Kaj Hac npegu3BuKaa ^oTorpa-^uuTe Ha paKaTa og PoMaHuja, npuno^eHu bo cTaTujaTa Ha Kidd u KaTanoroT Ha Sotheby. Ba3upajKu ce Ha npeTxogHuTe Hamu ucTpa^yBaaa u geTanHoTo Ha6aygyBaae, MQ»eMe anconyTHo ga ce cornacuBMe co 3a6enemKuTe Ha HaBegeHuoT aBTop oKony 3 D. Kidd, Ue Velestinon ... , 511 - Fig. 4. 4 H. HayeMflMe, naraHO - CnoBeHCKM ... ; H. HaycMguc, MMTCKMTe ... ; N. Causidis, Mythical ... ; H. HaycMguc, CnoBeHCKMTe ... ; H. HaycMguc, fla^öor ... ; H. HaycMguc, PaHOcpegHOBeKOBHMTe ... . 5 J. Werner, Slaw. Bronzefig..... 6 Za HaMeHaTa Ha nno^KMTe og BeneCTMHo: J. Werner, Slaw. Bronzefig. ... , 6-8; H. HaycMguc, naraHO -CnoBeHCKM (M), 149-152, 3a HaBegeHuoT oÖM^aj bo ^onKnopoT: 150-151. PaHocpegHOBeKOBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3uHuTe pen^uu co orcrneHcKuTe naraHCKM Tpag^uu T. IV PaHocpegHoBeKoBHu 6poH3eHu npegMeTu (6-7. BeK). 1,2: Biskupija, Knin, Dalmacija (J. Werner, Slaw. Bron-zefig. ... , Taf. 4); 3, 4, 9, 11: Velestinon, Tecanuja ^pTe^u cnopeg ^oTorpa^>uu Kaj J. Werner, Slaw. Bronzefig. ... , Taf. 1, 2); 5. MapTuHoBKa, yKpauHa (B. A. Pbi6aKoB, flpeBHue ... , 68-Puc.12); 6: CKu6uH^bI, yKpauHa (CiKpoBu^e ... , KaT.6p.37); 7: MapTuHoBKa, yKpauHa (Sjaj ukrainskih ... , 172/135); 8: Ou6yna, Nea Anhialos, Tecanuja (J. Werner, Neues ... , Taf. 29: 4); 10: Ogi^u, Byrapuja (H. flomeBa - neTKoBa, Ogi^u .... , T. H: 655); 12: Citluk, Sinj, flanMa^uja (A. Milosevic, Mjesto ... , 118/cn. 1). Hukoc haycuduc ciuncKuie u iunonomKu BpcKM Ha oBoj npegMei co genoio og Tecanuja. Ho, oBue 6nucKociu He ipe6a ga 3Hanai u HenocpegHo Bp3yBaae Ha oBoj npegMeT co KoHKpeTHMoT KoneKiuBeH BeneciuHcKu Haog (HaBogHo oTKpueH bo cTapo pygapcKo okho Ha nnaHuHaia Kapa - Rm T.e. MaBpo - Bynu (Kara-Dagh / Mavro Vouni).7 Toa 3Hanu geKa He 6u Mopane no ceKoja ^Ha ga ce coMHeBaMe bo npuno»:eHuoi ^aKi og Kaianoroi Ha Sotheby, geKa npegMeToT e HajgeH bo PoMaHuja. Oco6eHo, aKo ce 3eMe npegBug geKa Hej3uHoTo nogpanje (oco6eHo ,D,o6pyxa u Boonmio ceBepHoTo Kpaj6pe»:je Ha floneH flyHaB), 3aegHo co naHoHuja, 6uno egHoio og gBeie jagpa og Koe CnoBeHuie, BeHeiuie u AHiuie npogupane Ha BanKaHoi. Bo egHa BaKBa KOHCIena^uja, poMaHcKoio noieKno Ha paKaia u Hej3uHaia 6nucKoci co genoio og BeneciuHo, 6u ynaiyBano Ha Toa geKa bo 6 - 7. BeK nocioen egeH c^e^u^uHeH cmuncKO - UKonotpaficKU cucmeM, co ge^uHupaHu nuKoBHo - ciuncKu o6ene^ja u uKoHorpa^cKu cxeMu. Bo loj cnynaj, oBoj cucieM, ionKy BnenainuBo u jacHo 3a6ene^nuB Ha nnonKuie og BeneciuHo, He 6u ce ionKyBan caMo KaKo manup na noKannume Majcmopu od Tecanuja, iyKy KaKo cmun - detfiunupan ymme nped docenyBawemo Ha CnoBenume npeKy ffynaB. Bo npunor Ha mupoKaia pacnopocipaHeioci Ha oBoj cucieM, ocBeH HaBegeHuBe gBa Haoga, roBopai u gpyru npegMeiu og uciuoi nepuog, cnunHu no KapaKiep u ciun, npoHajgeHu noeguHenHo unu bo rpynu hu3 ^nuoi apean Ha npociopaae Ha cnoBeHcKuie paHocpegHoBeKoBHu Kyniypu. Ha npBo Mecio, iyKa 6u cnarano go6po no3Haioio geno og MapmunoBKa (yKpauna8), Koe HajeKc^nu^uIHO ce Bp3yBa co BeneciuHcKuie nnonKu npeKy MomHe cnunHuie ^urypu Ha Koau (T. III: 3; T. IVB: 5, 7 cnopegu co 3, 4). Og uciuoi peruoH noieKHyBa ymie egeH noeguHeneH Haog (Ckuóuh^i: T. IV: 6). OcBeH no3Haioio geno og EucKynuja Kaj Khuh,9 necio noBp3yBaHo co BeneciuHo (npuMepu: T. IV: 1, 2), bo ffanMa^ja e oTKpueH u ymie egeH noeguHeneH Haog, bo HumnyK Kaj Cuw (T. IV: 12).10 no3Haiu hu ce u gBe nnonKu og Ey^apuja: egHa co noBenKa (^urypa, og JyMHa ffoópyya11 (T. III: 2) u gpyra co rpu^oH, og Og^p^u (T. IV: 10).12 CiuncKo uKoHorap^cKuie KoMnoHeHiuie Ha oBoj cucieM jacHo ce 3a6ene^yBaai u Ha HeKou BugoBu HaKui og 6 - 7 BeK, noBp3aHu co CnoBeHuie u 6nucKuie Ha hub eiHocu (npoio6yrapu, ABapu ...). BepyBaMe geKa bo Hamuie HegaMHemHu aHanu3u Ha uKoHorpa^ujaia Ha cnoBeHCKume ÓBonnouecmu (fiuóynu og uctuob nepuog, ycneaBMe ga ja goKa^eMe HuBHaia noBp3aHoci co npeiciaBuie og BeneciuHcKoio geno (npuMepu: T. III: 6; T. IV: 8; T. V: 1, 2).13 OBa HajoneBugHo ro noKa^yBaai ogpegeHu uKoHorpa^cKu napanenu Mery HeKou ^u6ynu u nnonKu og BeneciuHo (cnopegu T. III: 5 u 6), ho u ciunoi i.e. MaHupoi Ha hubho nnaciunHo Mogenupaae u opHaMeHiupaae.14 BaKBu pena^uu ce noKa^yBaai u bo ogHoc Ha gpyru iunoBu HaKui, o6unHo gaiupaHu bo 8. BeK: toku co 7 D. Kidd, Ue Velestinon ... , 510. 8 B. A. PbióaKOB, flpeBHue ... , 83-88. 9 J. Werner, Slaw. Bronzefig. ... , Taf.4. 10 A. Milosevic, Mjesto ... , 117-124. 11 B. 14. BacuneB, BpoH3oBaa ... , 273-275. 12 H. flomeBa - neTKOBa, Ogipcu .... , 105, T.L-655 (HajgeH e bo nogocHe^eH cnoj og KpajoT Ha 8. u no^eToK Ha 9. BeK). 13 Haycuguc, PaHocpegHoBeKoBHUTe ... . 14 CygejKu cnopeg MaHupoT Ha Mogenupaae, coceM e BepojaTHo geKa gBonno^ecTaTa (u6yna og Nea Anchi-jalos, bo Tecanuja e U3pa6oTeHa bo ucTaTa pa6oranHuca KaKo u nno^KuTe og BenecTuHo (cnopegu: T.IV: 8 co ocTaHaTuTe). PaHocpegHOBeKOBHaTa ôpoœeHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3MHMTe pen^uu co orcœeHCKuTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu T.V 1: OMöyna, 6-7 BeK, Cosoveni-de-Jos, PoMaHiija (J. Herrmann, Welt ..., 42); 2: OMöyna, 6-7. BeK, Hen03HaT0 HaofanumTe / Kone^uja Diergardt (J. Werner, Neues ... , Taf.28:2); 3. ToKa, paH cpegeH BeK, ApoMaT, KpbiM (M. M. Hoöoga, HoBbie ... , 139-Puc.4/1); 4: BpoH3eHa paKa, (geTan), PoMaHuja (Messrs Sotheby's ... , lot. 173); 5, 6, 7: fleTanu og ^uöynu, paH cpegeH BeK (H. Kühn. Die germanischen ... , ). 5: Perchtoldsdorf (Taf. 108: 46, 2); 6: Tabingen (Taf. 103: 40, 7); 7: Rheinhessen (Ta$. 108: 46, 1). Hukoc Haycuduc HoBeHKU nuK (T. III: 12) u KoftHUfta - aMyneTU og MaKegoHuja u Byrapuja kom go6po ce HagoBp3yBaaT Ha KoftHeTo og BucKynuja (cnopegu T. IX: 9 - 10; T. IV: 1, 2). OBoj cTuncKO - uKOHorpa^cKu cucTeM ro KapaKTepu3upaaT cnegHUTe oöene^ja: - npedmemu bo Bud na penuetfrnu nnauKu od 6p0H3a unu ^py^a ne^ypa, neanu bo ednacmpan Kanan - typcma MaKpa - Komno3u^ja na (fimypume co Ha^naceHa nnacmuunacm u do-muna^ja na cno6oduu 3aaönenu Kanmypu - OmcmycmBO na ^eoMempucKa cmunma^ja - Ha neKou npemepu (wuBomuncKume (ßmypu od Benecmuna, neKou enemenmu na MapmunoBKa, BucKynuja), odpedenu nanuwa bo tftmypama ce ucnannemu co nnacmuu-na mBedenu cucmnu demanu bo Bud na pummuuna u ^ycmo pacnapedenu nmu, ^pynupa-nu bo apnamenmu u öopöypu (mouKu, ^muuKu, cpnoBudnu, ^k - ^k ce^MeHmu ...) Tue nacmajam camu 3a ce6e u ^o odpa3yBaam Kon^nmom na »cmpaB od npa3en npocmop«. Ho, oBa ce npenuMUHapHU cornegyBafta kom ce TeMa Ha HeKoe ugHo ucrpa^yBafte. TyKa ru Ha3HaHUBMe KaKo 6a3a Ha oBoj Ham Tpyg, Koj uHaKy uMa noorpaHUHeHa ^n - cuMÖonuHKO - UK0H0^pae do nej3unuom HeKo^ameH MumcKo - penmucKU KapaKmep. CornacHo oBue ^nu, HajnpBo Ke u3BegeMe aHanu3a Ha caMuoT npegMeT u nuKoBHUTe npeTcTaBu npuKa^aHU Ha Hero, a noToa Ke ce o6ugeMe ga ro HajgeMe MecToTo Ha paKaTa bo Tpagu^uoHanHaTa npeTxpucTujaHcKa gyxoBHa KynTypa Ha CnoBeHUTe. npu Toa Ke ce nocny^UMe co MeToguTe Ha cuM6onuHKo UKoHorpa^cKaTa aHanu3a, npugpy^eHU co UHTepgura;unnuHapHuoT u KoMnapaTUBHuoT MeTog. BpoH3eBaTa paKa og PoMaHuja Bp3 ocHoBa Ha npuno^eHaTa ^oTorpa^uja (T. I cnopegu co ^pTe^OT Ha T. II U3pa6oTeH cnopeg Hea), Mo»e ga ce cornega caMo egHaTa cTpaHa Ha oBoj, ce huhu MomHe nnocHaT npegMeT, npu mTo gpyraTa ocTaHyBa coceM HeonpegeneHa. OaKToT mTo 3a gpyraTa cTpaHa He ce roBopu HumTo bo KpaTKuoT onuc og KaTanoroT Ha CoTxe6y (uMajKu ja npegBug cTpyHHocTa Ha oHue kou ro cocTaByBane), Mo»e ga 3HaHU geKa Ha Hea HeMano HUKaKBU geTanu kou ce BpegHU 3a cnoMHyBafte. Bo npunor Ha oBa ogu ^aKTOT mTo cuTe ocTaHaTU npegMeTU og rope HaBegeHuoT (ceymTe xunoTeTUHeH) panacpednoBeKOBen na^aH0cn0BeHCKU cmuncKO UK0H0^pa(ßcKU cucmem, BKnyHyBajKu ro u HaKUToT, ce neaHU Ha uctuot HaHUH - KaKo egHocTpaHU penje^u. OTTyKa Mo^eMe co U3BecHa curypHocT ga npeTnocTaBUMe geKa u paKaTa og PoMaHuja e o6pa6oTeHa caMo og egHaTa cTpaHa, mTo 3HaHU otu e neaHa bo egHocTpaH Kanan, npu mTo 3agHaTa 6u Tpe6ana ga 6uge paMHa unu ManKy Bgna6HaTa u 6e3 U3neaHU nUKoBHU motubu.15 CornegaH Ha MaKponnan, npegMeToT, Ha MomHe peanucTUHeH HaHUH npuKa^yBa HagBopemHa cTpaHa Ha neBa gnaHKa, co 3rno6oT u gonHuoT gen og nognaKTU^Ta. CygejKu cnopeg opueHTa^ujaTa Ha MoTUBUTe og Hej3UHUTe nUKoBHU MUKpocTpyKTypu, Taa 6una KOH^u^upaHa ga ce rnega co npcTUTe Harope. HemTo 15 CygejKu cnopeg BenecTUHcKaTa nnoHKa bo Bug Ha naB, u Ha gpyruTe nnoHKU og oBa geno 3agHaTa cTpaHa 6una paMHa (D. Kidd, tte Velestinon ... , 509 - Fig.1), gogeKa Kaj HeKou cnoBeHcKU gBonnoHecTU 4>u6ynu Bgna6HaTa (npuMep: . Werner, Neues ... , Taf. 29 - 2). PaHocpegHoBeKoBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3UHUTe pena^uu co cnoBeHcKuTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu noManKy peanucTu^Ho 6une npuKa^aHu npcTuTe, og kou neTupu ce oTKpmeHu. Bp3 6a3a Ha n;enocHo 3anyBaHuoT nanen;, Mo»e ga ce Ka^e geKa 6une ge6enu, KpaTKu, BKonaHeTu, 6e3 goBonHo o6pa6oTeHu 3rno6oBu, co 3ao6neHu bpbobu u cxeMaTu3upaHu Manu hoktu. Ha TpeTuoT, HeTBpTuoT u neTTuoT npcT ce npuKa^aHu prsteni, co Manu nnocHaTu rnaBu og kou gBa ce yKpaceHu co motubu bo Bug Ha po3eTa, KoM6uHupaHa og neT BTucHaTu KpyKHuaa. neTTe npcTu, 6e3 goBonHo aKn;eHTupaae Ha 3rno6oBuTe, ce cnojyBaaT co gnaHKaTa. Og cTpaHaTa Ha ManuoT npcT, npeg cnojoT co nognaKTun;aTa e u3BegeHo 3aBuBaae, KaKo npeaKn;eHTupaHa Ha3HaKa Ha 3rno6oT. ^naTa noBpmuHa Ha gnaHKaTa e noKpueHa co HenpaBunHo none, nuj pa6, ManKy BoBneneH koh BHaTpe, ja cnegu KoHTypaTa. ^noTo none e o6pa6eHo co nnacTu^Ha 6opgypa bo Bug Ha mHyp co Hanpe^Hu 3acen;u. Bo BHaTpemHocTa e noMecTeHo ^opHomo UK0H0^paH6ynu: - nocupaH e KaKo onoHeHT Ha He6ecKuoT 6or npuKa^aH Ha gpyraTa nno^Ka og ^u6ynaTa (T.III:6); - ce nojaByBa bo none Koe Ha gpyru 4>u6ynu og oBoj Tun ce ucnonHeTu co cuk - caK opHaMeHT, bo 3Ha^eae Ha Boga; - »npcTuTe« Ha nno^KaTa Ha Koja e npuKa^aH, ce MeTaMop^o3upaHu bo pacTeHuja (= Kopeaa Ha kocmotkoto gpBo). 50 Hukoc Haycuduc noTon;u, Kou ce u3egHaneHu co BnaKHaTa mTO pacTaT og HeroBaTa rnaBa (MycTaKu, 6paga, na gypu u Befu /T. VII: 7, 8, 14, 15).22 6) reoMeTpucKU eneMeHTU (T. V: 4; T. VI: 1) Bo npunor Ha xtohckoto 3Haneae Ha rnaBUTe, ogaT u gpyruTe eneMeHTU og OBaa K0Mn03un;uja. ^BojHaTa 6opgypa og cerMeHTu bo Bug Ha Mnaga MecenuHa, 6u Morena ga ce onpegenu KaKO Bodenu 6panoBU T.e. u^eo^paM na 3eMnume Bodu, mTO 6u 6un ymTe egeH apryMeHT geKa npeTcTaBUTe nog hub BneryBaaT bo c^epaTa Ha ona rnmo e nod Bodama - xtohcku (nogBogHu, nog3eMHu) npocTpaHcTBa (T. VI: 1). OBa 6u ce ogHecyBano u Ha 6opgypaTa og Kpy^Hu motubu co n;eHTpanHa TOHKa. Ako ro 3eMe-Me npegBug goMUHaHTHOTO conapHO 3Haneae Ha OBoj ugeorpaM u bo HamuoT cnynaj HeroBOTO MynTunnunupaae bo 6pojKa og 12 (uHguKaTUBHa 3a conapHuOT n;uKnyc), 6u Morene ga ro npoTonKyBaMe KaKO Hbie ... , 106-IX/1); 5. Penje^ bo KaMeH, pMMCKa enoxa, npunen, MaKegoHMja (A. ^pMaHoBMh, HeKonMKo ... ,116/7); 6: BpoH3eHa MaTpM^a, aHTM^KM nepuog, JyroMCTo^Ha TpaKMja (M. BeHegMKoB, Pa^gaHeTo ... , 167/16); 7: flpBope36a Ha caHgaK, 9. BeK, Tepa^MHa, MTanuja (H. flomeBa - neTKoBa, MMTonora^HM ... , 71-Oöp. 58); 9: flpBope36a og BpaTa, 12-13 BeK, ^pKBa Cb. HuKona BonHM^KM, Oxpug, MaKegoHMja (H. flomeBa - neTKoBa, MMTonora^HM ... , 35-06p.32); 10: BpoH3eHa ^MrypMHa, cpegeH BeK, K>onMH, noncKa (A. reM^op, MMTonoraa ... , 208/24); 11: fleTan og MeTaneH npMBp3oK, paH cpegeH BeK, Kpyja, An6aHMja (S. Anamali, H. Spahiu, Varezza ... , T. VIII-6); 12. fleKopa^Mja Ha mneM, paH cpegeH BeK, BeHgen (K. Böhner, Die frühmittelalterlichen ... ,715-28/2). Hukoc haycuduc KOHKpeTHa KOCMUHKa 3OHa, ja HOcaT (yHKn;ujaTa Ha Hej3UH penpe3eHT. Bo OBoj KOHTeKCT, 3MujaTa Koja ce npoTera Ha gHOTO og HamaTa K0Mn03un;uja u ja huhu Hej3UHaTa 6a3a, ru npeTCTaByBa Hu:HUTe 30hu Ha BceneHaTa (3eMjaTa, nog3eMjeTO, 3eMHUTe Bogu). Bo HamuoT cnyHaj, OBa e n0TeHn;upaH0 co pom6uhhuot ugeorpaM (= 3eMja) u 6paHOBugHaTa u3BueHOCT (= Boga). 3MujaTa MO»e ga 6uge anTepHupaHa co pu6a, rymTep, :a6a, :enKa unu K0Mn03UTH0 mutcko cymTecTBO - 3Mej, co Teno Ha 3Muja unu rymTep, gononHeTO co nTUHju Kpuna, KaHxu u / unu rnaBa Ha n;un;an uth. (T. X: 8, 9; T. XI: 7). flpyroTO :ubotho bo OBue K0Mn03un;uu e 3acTanHUK Ha HeóecKUTe npegenu unu HeKOu Hej3UHu KOHKpeTHu eneMeHTu (coHn;e, CBeTnuHa, rpoM ...), a Mo:e ga ce jaBu bo Bug Ha KOft, eneH, naB, open unu HeKoe K0Mn03UTH0 (aHTacTUHHO cymTecTBO (KpunecT KOft, rpu(oH: T. X: 2, 8, 9; T. XI: 7, 9). Bo Toj KOHTeKCT 6u 6uno ugeanHO, Ha HamaTa K0Mn03UDuja, OBaa (urypa HaMecTO poM6uHHu, Ha TenoTO ga uMana Kpy:Hu gnanKu (KaKO npeTCTaBHUK Ha He6ecKaTa 3OHa). MMa uHgun;uu geKa Toa 6uno TaKa bo HeKOu MaTpuDu ynoTpe6eHu KaKO Mogen 3a Hea. npu Toa MucnuMe Ha BeKe o6pa6oTeHaTa conapHa nonypo3eTa nog 3agHU0T gen og Hej3UHOTO Teno, Koja ro CTaBa OBa :ubotho bo penan;uja co aHanorHOTO og npBaTa rpyna, Koe e HaBuCTUHa gonnoHeTO co KpyKHUfta (cnopegu T. IX: 1 u 2). Ha KOCMonomKUTe cnuKu, npucycTBOTO Ha OBue gBe :ubothu, He Mopa Hy:HO ga uMnnuDupa B3aeMeH ogHOc T.e. HapaTUBHO - MUTonomKO cu:e. Ho, bo roneM 6poj cnynau Toa bo cnuKaTa ce nojaByBa, u Toa HajnecTO KaKO cygup Mery gBeTe :ubothu, bo Koj npegHOCT o6uhho My ce gaBa Ha ropHOTO. Toa ja ra3u 3MujaTa T.e. 3MejoT, ru (aKa 3a rnaBa co menuTe unu Myn;KaTa unu (KaKO bo HamuoT cnyHaj) ru Hanara bo CKOK. Bo egHO BaKBO gpaMaTUHHO gejcTBue, go6po ce BKnonyBa u conapHaTa nonypo3eTa, nocTaBeHa Hag onamoT Ha 3MujaTa. Taa ro npuKa:yBa noBogoT 3a 6op6aTa (3apo6yBafte Ha C0Hn;eT0 og XTOHCKuOTe cunu), a BoegHO u pe3ynTaTOT og no6egaTa - ocno6ogyBafte Ha C0Hn;eT0 og nog3eMjeTO (Kaj Hac npuKa:aHO KaKO HeroBO noBTopHO u3rpeBafte).34 ConapHuOT KapaKTep Ha OBaa MUTCKa cnuKa u Hej3UHaTa BpcKa co cnoBeHCKuOT conapeH 6or Xopc ja noKa:yBa HaBogoT Ha naTenucen;oT F. Haas, Koj bo 16. BeK bo ncKOB 3a6ene:an npegaHue 3a xuHOBUTe Uszlat u Kors, og Kou BTopuoT e npeTCTaBeH KaKO ra3u 3Muja, gp:ejKu nnaMeHeH Men bo paKaTa.35 TpoHneHa BapujaHTa (T. XI: 1) Rocera npuKa:aHOTO Tpe6a ga ce c(aTu KaKO 6a3UHHa T.e. HajegHOCTaBHa BapujaHTa Ha MaTpun;aTa Koja nocny:una 3a OBaa npeTCTaBa Ha paKaTa og PoMaHuja. CornegyBajKu ja HamaTa K0Mn03un;uja bo KOHTeKCT Ha Ka:aHOTO, Mo:eMe ga 3a6ene:uMe ycno:HyBafte Ha cn;eHaTa, co BKnyqyBaae bo Hea Ha ymTe egHa (urypa. Toa 6u 6una (urypaTa og npBaTa rpyna, co KnyH Ha rpa6nuBKa, nocTaBeHa Hag BTopoTO og npuKa:aHUTe :ubothu (T. XI: 1). roneMaTa rnaBa Ha OBaa (urypa, cunHuOT KnyH u KopnyneHTHOTO T0p30 npe3eHTupaaT BnenaTnuBO u moKho cymTecTBO. Ha BaKBuOT CTaB HaBegyBaaT 6pojHu aHanorHO KOHn;unupaHu npeTCTaBu, npucyTHu Ha paHOcpegHOBeKOBHuOT HaKUT. npeg ce CTaHyBa 360p 3a THp. nojacHu ja3UHUfta, pacnpocTpaHeTu bo CpegHa, McTOHHa u JyroucTOHHa EBpona, KaKO o6ene:je Ha 34 Za OBoj Tun cnuKu: H. Haycuguc, MuTCKUTe onoHeHTu ... ; TaMy ce gageHu u npuMepu bo kou, OBaa gBogenHa K0Mn03ucuja, cornacHO npocTopHaTa 6a3a, ja MeHyBa CBojaTa opueHTacuja og BepTUKanHa bo hopu3OHTanHa (dony - ^ope = neeo - decno / decno - neeo). 35 V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ... , 13. 61 PaHocpegHOBeKOBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3uHuTe pe7^uu co C7ioBeHCKuTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu T. XI 1, 2: EpoH3eHa paKa, geTanu, PoMaHuja (Messrs Sotheby's ... , lot. 173); 3, 4, 5: nojacHu ja3mufta, paH cpegeH BeK, Modling; Tisavarkonj (H. Haycuguc, MuTCKUTe onoHeHTu ... , T. I/6; T. II/2; T. V/1a); 6, 7, 8: Motubu og cre^u, Boljuni, Oplicici (stolac); Brotnjice (M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ... , T. LXXVI:6; T. LXXV: 3; A. Benac, Steed ... , 17); 9. Motub og cpe6peH cag, 9-10. BeK, yKaH, BaTCKaa ry6epHua (H. flomeBa - neTKoBa, MuTonormHu ... , 28-06p.18); Hukoc haycuduc He^uBunu3upaHUTe unu ^ony^uBunu3upaHu ^o^yna^uu BKnyneHu bo roneMaTa npecen6a Ha HapoguTe (T. XI: 3 - 5). Bo cTunu3upaHa u opHaMeHTupaHa ^opMa ja HaoraMe bo cpegHoBeKoBHaTa geKopaTuBHa yMeTHoCT (TopeBTuKa, pe36a bo KaMeH, cnuKaHa KepaMuKa /npuMep: T. XI: 9/). HacnpoTu g0^H0T0 gaTupaae, u3BoHpegHo apxau^Hu u nanugapHu BapujaHTu HaoraMe u Ha cTeK^uTe (T. XI: 6 - 8). HamMTe HegaMHemHu ucTpa»:yBaaa Ha TaKBu npeTcTaBu, o6jaBeHu ToKMy bo oBa cnucaHue noKa^aa geKa oBue K0M^03u^u npeTCTaByBaaT BcymHocT npomupyBaae Ha norope cnoMHaTuTe gBonneHu cnuKu. Mery 3MujaTa, 3MejoT unu HeKoj gpyr 3ooMop^eH penpe3eHT Ha xtohckoto (Me^Ka, BonK) u He6ecKuoT npeTCTaBHuK (rpu^oH, KpunecT Koa, open ...), KaKo npeTCTaBHuK Ha cpegHaTa -Hag3eMHa 3oHa ce nocTaByBa ymTe egHo og cyBo3eMHuTe neTupuHo^Hu ^ubothu. HajnecTo ce pa6oTu 3a HeKoe og TpeBojagHuTe BugoBu (cpHa, KpaBa, eneH, Koa), npu mTo ce BHuMaBa ga He gojge go HeroBo goónu^yBaae co 3ooMop^HuoT npeTcTaBHuK Ha HeóoTo (KpunecT u oóuneH Koa). Og KocMonomKu acneKT, BaKa npomupeHaTa cnuKa Mo«e ga ce ge^uHupa KaKo BepTuKanHa npoe^uja Ha 3ooMop^Ho KogupaHuoT TpogeneH yHuBep3yM (T. XI: 3 - 5). Bo Hea, gBeTe npeTxogHu ^ubothu ru 3agp^yBaaT HaBegeHuTe 3Haneaa Ha penpe3eHTu Ha nog3eMjeTo u / unu 3eMHuTe Bogu (3Mej, BonK, Me^Ka, xtohcku 6or) u HeóoTo (rpu^oH, KpunecT Koa, He6ecKu 6or), gogeKa TpeToTo ce jaByBa KaKo 3acTanHuK Ha cpegHaTa - Hag3eMHa 3oHa. OBaa TpojHa K0HCTena^uja, Ha cu^ejHo hubo ce noBp3yBa co egHuoT og 6a3u^HuTe u Hajapxau^Hu uHgoeBponcKu mutobu 3a óopóaTa Mery XToHcKuTe u HeóecKuTe óoroBu oKony nocegHumTBoTo Ha cTagaTa kou, Ha oBoj Tun cnuKu ce cumóohuhku npeTcTaBeHu npeKy TpeBojagHoTo ^ubotho. OBoj mut ro ogpa3yBa Be^HuoT cygup Ha gBeTe kocmuhku Hanena: nporpecuBHoTo (HeóoTo u cBeTnuHaTa) u perpecuBHoTo (xtohckoto u TeMHuHaTa).36 BpaKajKu ce Ha HamaTa K0M^03u^uja, aHanorao Ha cnoMHaTuTe npuMepu Mo^eMe ga cyrepupaMe geKa TpeTaTa ^urypa (Knacu^u^upaHa bo HamaTa npBa rpyna) npuKa^aHa co rnaBa Ha rpaónuBa nTu^ u Teno noKpueHo co nepgyBu, npuKa^ayBana open unu ymTe noBepojaTHo ^punop u ^aBp.69 3. &07lK7l0p A^eHTupaaeTO Ha paKaTa jacHo ce cnegu bo cnoBeHcKuoT ^oKnop u Toa bo HeKonKy c^epu. Bo KoHTeKcT Ha HaBegeHUTe npuMepu, Toa roBopu 3a pena^MM, a 66 M. I. MaKcuMoBa, Hagrpo6ue ... , 221-230. 67 Kaj 6ajaMKUTe bo Cp6uja e ^ecTa pena^MjaTa »naKa pyKa = naKa öyrna / uucma öyrna«. (Q. PageHKoBuh, HapogHa ... , 24, 78); BoonmTo 3a paKaTa KaKo cuM6on Ha noKojHUKoBaTa gyma u 3a c^e^M^MMHMTe 3Ha^efta Ha egHa unu gBe nogurHaTU pa^: Dz. K. Kuper, Ilustrovana ... , 146,165, J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbr-ant, Rjecnik ... , 567,568. 68 E. MaHeBa, CpegHoBeKoBeH ... , 139,T.96-cn.26/3. 69 B. A. YcneHcKUM, Funonora^ecKue ... , 133. PaHocpegHoBeKoBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3uHuTe pena^uu co cnoBeHCKuTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu T. XV 1: BpoH3eH npuBp30K, ®ene3Ho BpeMe, Brezje, Ljubljana (A. Stipčevic, Kultni ... , T. XXXIV-1); 2: AMyneT, »neTonT.pcTHu^«, (oKnop, MuxannoBrpagcKo, Byrapuja (H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 17/21); 3: AMyneT og CTaKno, Cp6uja (?) (T. R. Dordevic, Zle oči ... , 287/43); 4: npuBp3oK - aMyneT, (onKnop, Jy®Ha Cp6uja (T. R. Dordevic, Zle oči ... , 286/40); 5: na(Ta, (onKnop, ^M6on, Byrapuja, (H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 20/24); 6: na(Ta, (onKnop, Cp6uja (?), (T. R. Dordevic, Zle oči ... , 286.41); 7: Hagrpo6Ho 3HaMe, (onKnop, oKonuHa Ha Hobu na3ap, Kocobo (Š. Bešlagic, Stecci ... , 295/121); 8, 9, 10, 11: Motubu Ha TeKCTun, (onKnop, Byrapuja: (npecTunKu, BapHeHCKo, PyceHCKo (8, 9, 8a, 9a geTanu); nemKup, Pa3rpagcKo (10); geTan og KunuM^e (11), CnuBeHCKo (H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 7/7, 8/8, 10/10, 16/19); 12: motub Ha TeKCTun, (onKnop, HoBropogcKa ry6epHuja, Pycuja (r. C. MacnoBa, OpH. pyccKoM ... , 127/68-6); 13: Motub Ha KaMeH, B3ugaH bo ^pKBaTa Cb. AHgpej, 14-16. BeK, MaTKa, CKonje; 14: neTpornu(, ropHaa He^Ha, KaBKa3, CpegeH - hob BeK, (B. M. MapKoBuH, naMarauKu ... , 220/19-1); 15: flpBeH Hagrpo6eH KpcT (KpcTa^a), (onKnop, oKonuHa Ha Opašje, BocaHCKa nocaBuHa (Š. Bešlagic, Stecci ... , 294/120). Hukoc Haycuduc BepOjaTHO M KOHTMHyMTeT BO OgHOC Ha CpegHOBeKOBHMTe TpagM^MM nOBp3aHM CO CMM6onuKaTa Ha paKaTa. a) Be3OBM (T. XV: 8 - 12) M3gBoeHM u cxeMaTM3MpaHM npeTCTaBM Ha pa^ (noTOHHo gnaHKM), co ucnpy:eHM npcTM, ce cpeKaBaaT Ha Be3eHMTe u TKaeHMTe opHaMeHTM og pa3HM TeKCTunHM npou3Bogu bo cnoBeHCKuoT (onKnop (paKaBM Ha :eHCKa o6neKa, MapaMM, npecTunKM, nemKupu, KunuMM m HaBnaKM 3a ^epHM^M). CxogHo TexHonorujaTa Ha M3pa6oTKa, Tue ce cunHo CTunM3upaHM, HajHecTo bo Bug Ha TpujaronHa gnaHKa u neT (unu noManKy) CTunM3upaHM npcTM, mTo M3neryBaaT og Hea. Ce jaByBaaT KaKo eguHeHHM, gBojHM unu My^TM^^M^MpaHM (T. XV: 8a, 9a, 10, gpyru (opMM Ha CTunu3 a^Mja: 11), noMecTeHM bo pom6mhho none (T. XV: 8, 9), noKpaj Hero unu opraHM3upaHu bo 6opgypu kom ce npoTeraaT no pa6oBMTe Ha nnaTHOTo (T. XV: 10). flen og oBue npeTCTaBM Ha pa^, bo CKnon co o6neKaTa, noKpuBaaT Ba:HM u HyBCTBMTenHM genoBM Ha :eHCKOTo Teno (rnaBa, Koca, pa^, CKyT), ihto MM^nM^MTHO ja a^eHTupa anoTponejcKaTa T.e. npo(unaKTMHKa (yH^uja Ha oBoj motmb. BaKBMOT KapaKTep Hajgo6po ro noKa:yBa egHa npeKpuBHa 3a noBMBaae Ha goeHHe. CegyMTe napa gnaHKM, nocTaBeHM Ha Hej3MHUTe gBa CTpaHMHHM pa6a, npu 3aBMTKyBaaeTo Ha geTeTo ce go6nu:yBaaT co npcTMTe, (opMupajKu egeH Bug u^ucKa 3ammumHa npe^pamKa 3a dememo, cocTaBeHa og 14 Meryce6Ho cnoeHM pa^. flpyr MarucKo - CMM6onuHKM KOH^^eT ce nojaByBa Ha TeKCTunHMTe o6noru 3a ^epHM^M (T. XV: 9). OaKTOT ito TaKBMTe ^epHM^M mm ce nogapyBaaT Ha Mnago:eH^MTe, Ha kom Tue Tpe6a ga cnujaT npBaTa 6paHHa hok (HaBogHo »3a ga ce caKaaT«), yKa:yBa Ha gna6oKaTa o6pegHo - MarucKa (yuH^uja Ha OBue npegMeTM u HMBHaTa opHaMeHTMKa. Bo ^epHM^MBe ce CTaBa npoco, :mto m rpaB, KaKo CMM6onu Ha nnogopogueTo bo KyKaTa Ha hoboto ceMejcTBo.70 Bo oBoj KOHTeKCT 6u Mo:ena ga ce TonKyBa u HMBaHTa opHaMeHTMKa, HajnecTo KOM6uHupaHa og pom6obm u gnaHKM. MoiHe e BepojaTHo geKa TyKa, pom6ot ro 3acTanyBan :eHCKMOT ^pMH^M^ BoonrnTo, a bo Toj KOHTeKCT u HeBecTaTa, gogeKa npucycTBOTo Ha gnaHKaTa 6u Mopano ga ro CMM6onu3upa MamKMOT ^pMH^M^ T.e. Mnago:eHe^OT. OgHoc Mery OBue gBa MOTMBa 6m Mo:en ga ce npoTonKyBa Ha gBa HaHMHa - KaKo nocegHumTBo, 3amTMTa Ha HeBecTaTa u KaKo KOMTyc Ha Mnago:eH^MTe, no napagumaTa Ha CBemuom ópaK (hieros gamos) Mery EoroT-He6o u MajKaTa-3eMja. npu Toa Ma:oT 6u 6un 3acTaneH npeKy paKaTa KaKo cyncTMTyT Ha (anycoT u CMM6on Ha gejcTByBaHKaTa cuna Ha MamKMOT ^pMH^M^, gogeKa :eHaTa - npeKy pom6ot KaKo CMM6on Ha nnogHoCTa u BynBaTa, M3egHaneHa co 3eMjaTa. npucycTBOTo Ha OBue motmbm Ha KunuMMTe u Ha gpyruTe npeKpuBKM, 6u ru ogpa3yBano MCTMTe 3Haneaa, ho Ha hmbo Ha ^naTa KyKa.71 HamuoT yBug bo oBaa c(epa e orpaHMHeH u ce 6a3upa Bp3 HaBegeHaTa CTyguja Ha n. Mukob, Koja o6pa6oTyBa TeKCTunHM npegMeTM og TepuTopujaTa Ha geHemHa Eyrapuja. MMaMe MHgM^MM geKa TaKBM motmbm ce 3acTaneHM u nomupoKo bo jy:HocnoBeHCKuoT apean (Ha npuMep Ha KunuMMTe), Ha ito nocpegHo yKa:yBa m npucycTBOTo Ha cenapupaHaTa unu npeguMeH3MOHupaHa npeTCTaBa Ha paKa Ha CMHxpoHuoT jy:HocnoBeHCKM HaKMT (Bugu nogony). M bo MCTOHHocnoBeHCKuoT apean, paKaTa ce jaByBa bo cenapupaHa (opMa (T. XV: 12) u KaKo xunep6onu3upaH 70 H. MMKOB, M3o6pa:eHua ... , 4-11. 71 HaBegeHMTe 3HaHeaa Ha pom6ot: H. Haycuguc, Pom6mhhm ... ; nogeTanHo, co npuno:eHa nuTepaTypa: H. Haycuguc, PaHocpegHOBeKOBHMTe ... , nornaBje B - »Pom6« (165-215). 79 PaHocpegHoBeKoBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3uHuTe pena^uu co cnoBeHCKuTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu gen Ha HoBeHKaTa ^urypa (Ha paKaBu og ^eHCKa o6neKa u gpyru eneMeHTu).72 Og ^urypuTe co noguraaTa paKa e oco6eHo MHTepecHa penan;ujaTa Ha egeH Tun KoaaHun;u bo TaKBa no3a (T. XVII: 6). OcBeH co rope o6pa6oTeHuTe npeTcTaBu og cTeKn;uTe (npuMep: T. XVII: 7), Toj Haora anconyTHa napanena bo ^urypaTa Ha KoaaHMKoT og 36pyHcKuoT ugon, npuKa^aH co uctuot recT Ha paKaTa (T. XVII: 2), KaKo u bo aHTuHKuTe npeTcTaBu Ha THp. TpaKucKu Xepoc (T. XVII: 1, 8 - 3a Hero Bugu nogony). OBa ceKaKo ogu bo npunor Ha cTapocTa u u3BopHuoT naraHcKu penurucKu KapaKTep Ha oBue MoTuBu og TeKcTunoT. 6) AMyneTu (T. XV: 1 - 6) Bo jy^HocnoBeHcKuoT u nomupoKo 6anKaHcKuoT ^onKnop, motubot Ha paKa T.e. gnaHKa e MomHe npucyTeH u Ha HaKuToT, noToHHo npegMeTuTe KopucTeHu 3a MarucKa 3amTuTa Ha TenoTo. TaKBu ce aMyneTuTe »neTonpcTHun;u« HanpaBeHu og pa3Ho6ojHu Manu nepnu, HaHu^aHu Ha KoHen;, bo Bug Ha cTunu3upaHa gnaHKa co npcTu (T. XV: 2). no3HaTu ce u npuMepu npu kou, ceKoj og npcTuTe Ha oBaa paKa 3aBepmyBa co no ymTe egHa Mana gnaHKuHKa (T. XV: 4).73 Ce jaByBaaT u Manu cTaKneHu aMyneTu o6nuKyBaHu KaKo paKa (T. XV: 3) u Manu nuMeHu nnoHKu co npeTcTaBa Ha gnaHKa. HaBegeHuBe aMyneTu 6une npeg ce HaMeHeTu 3a 3amTuTa Ha HoBopogeHuTe u noBo3pacHu gen;a, ho u KaKo cBag6eH HaKuT, HaKuT 3a geBojKuTe u nopeTKo 3a MnaguTe HeBecTu. HajHecTo cTojaT Ha rnaBaTa, u KoHKpeTHo Ha HenoTo, unu naK noKpaj ymuTe, co n;en 3amTuTa og ypoK, »og ohu«, og 6onecTu u »og gpyru nomu pa6oTu«. Kaj gen;aTa ce 3amuBane 3a KanaTa unu co bocok ce 3anenyBane 3a KocaTa, HeKage ce npumuBane 3a gecHoTo paMo unu ce Hocene Ha cpegHuoT npcT og gecHaTa paKa. Ce jaByBaaT u rpuBHu co KpaeBu unu KonHu o6nuKyBaHu bo Bug Ha paKa, HaMeHeTu 3a geBojKu u ^eHu. Bo Bug Ha gBe pan;e co go6nu^eHu npcTu ce o6nuKyBane nojacHu rapHuTypu - »na^Tu«, unu KonHu (T. XV: 5, 6), HoceHu og cTpaHa Ha TpygHun;u, bo npegenoT Ha cToMaKoT, nopagu MarucKa npo^unaKca Ha 6peMeHocra (HeKage KoHKpeTHo »3a 3amTuTa Ha nnogoT og ypoK«). MarucKo - neKyBaHKaTa ^yHKn;uja Ha paKaTa e ogpa3eHa u bo Ha3uBoT Ha egHa 6unKa »neTonpcTHun;a« (Potentila Reptans L), KopucTeHa 3a npo^unaKTuHKo Kaneae Ha ManuTe gen;a. KopeHoT Ha egHa gpyra 6unKa co u3neg Ha paKa, HapeHeH »BoropoguHHa paHuHKa« (Zonicera Caprifolium L) ce KopucTen 3a onecHyBaae Ha noparaaeTo. Bo oKonuHaTa Ha CKonje (MaKegoHuja), KaKo aMajnuja ce Hocena npenapupaHa paKa og yMpeH HoBeK, u Toa npoTuB ygap og orHeHo opy^je unu gpyru HecpeKu. McymeHa mena og KpT, (Koja MomHe HanuKyBa Ha HoBeHKa gnaHKa) Hocene gen;aTa KaKo 3amTuTa og ypoK.74 npeTcTaBu Ha cenapupaHu pan;e u gnaHKu, bo ^onKnopoT ce cpeKaBaaT u bo ^opMa Ha BomuBU - gapoBu Ha n;pKBuTe unu cBeTunumTaTa KaKo 6narogapHocT 3a o3gpaByBaaeTo Ha npuKa^aHuoT gen og TenoTo. Bo uctohhuot BanKaH Tue 72 H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 26 (HaBegeHa nuTepaTypa); G. C. MacnoBa, OpH. pyccKoM ... , 119-126, 155; G. C. MacnoBa, OpHaMeHT ... , 35, 41- Puc.6; Ha TepuTopujaTa Ha yKpauHa, npeg ce bo paMKuTe MoTuBuTe og BenrgeHcKuTe cnuKaHu jaj^a, ho u Ha TeKcTunoT (M. Selivachov, Folk ... ). 73 TaKBu aMyneTu (npuMep: T.XV:1) ce jaByBaaT ymTe og enoxaTa Ha MeTanuTe (A. Stipčevic, Kultni ... , 133135). 74 T. R. Dorževic, Zle oči ... , 207-208, 230, 278, 285-287; C. H. Koctobt,, AMyneTu ... , 106,107; H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 14-19. Bo nogpaHjaTa co MycnuMaHcKa BepoucnoBecT unu BnujaHuja Ha oBaa penuruja, aMyneTuTe bo Bug Ha paKa ce noBp3yBane co »paKaTa Ha FaTuMa« unu »paKaTa Ha Anuja« (3a hubhoto 3HaHeae: Dž. K. Kuper, Ilustrovana ... , 165, 166; E. A. Volis Badž, Amajlije ... , 440-443). Hukoc haycuduc T. XVI 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: BenurgeHCKu ja^a, (onKnop, yKpauHa (M. Selivachov, Folk ... , ) 6: fleTan og CTe^u, Lovrec, Imot-ski, (M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ... , T. LXXIX/1); 7: Motub og BenurgeHCKo jaj^, (onKnop, Ha^aK, Cp6uja, (M. Ga-vazzi, Svastika ... , 13-5/63); 8: ^pTe® Ha gpBo, (onKnop, Hapog Hmbxm, Cm6mp (C. B. MBaHoB. MaTepuanbi ... , 400 Pmc.250/2); 9, 10, 11, 12: 06pegHM ne6oBu, (onKnop, Byrapuja (H. Mmkob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 4/1, 2; 5/3; 6/5); 13: Penje( bo KaMeH, eruneTCKa KynTypa (18. guHacTuja), Ten-en-AMapHa (R. Cavendish, T. O. Ling, Mitologija ... ,99); 13a: geTan og uctoto. PaH0cpegH0BeK0BHaxa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3UHuxe pena^uu co cnoBeHCKuxe naraHCKu xpag^uu ce u3pa6oTyBaHu og cpe6po unu HeKou noeBTUHu nerypu, gogeKa bo 3anagHU0T, ce u3neBaHu bo bocok unu pe3ÓapeHu og gpBo. Bo CpegHa EBpona, Ha BanKaHoT u bo KaBKa3, ce jaByBaaT u ^ene3Hu botubu, u3pa6oTyBaHu og noKanHUTe K0Banu.75 McKnynuTenHo necT0T0 npucycTBo Ha paKaTa cpeg BaKBUTe npegMeTu, M0»e ga yKa^yBa Ha HeKoj gononHUTeneH - MUTonomKu K0Hn;neT bo og6upoT Ha npuKa^aHUTe TenecHu genoBu. TyKa MucnuMe Ha paKaTa KaKo cuM6on Ha Mn6ama unu 6na^0^apH0cma 3a u3neKyBaaeT0, u paKaTa KaKo cuM6on Ha cunama Ha 6o^om Koj ro Bpmu neKyBaaeTo unu ro 3amTUTyBa Ten0T0 og 3nuTe cunu T.e. 6onecTUTe. b) 06pegHu ne6oBu u opHaMeHTupaHu jajn;a (T. XVI) Bo ogpegeHu nogpanja Ha Byrapuja e 3acBegoneH o6unajoT, ogpegeHu BugoBu o6pegHu ne6oBu ga ce yKpacyBaaT co npeTCTaBu Ha pan;e T.e. gnaHKu. EgeH og hub e »Kpaeaû c^c pmuuKume«, bo nuja n0gr0T0BKa u ynoTpe6a e BKnyneH n;en cucTeM o6pegHu nocTanKu, Bp3aHu 3a KyM0BUTe. Ce yKpacyBa co TecTo bo Bug Ha n;eHTpaneH KpcTecT M0TUB, npu mT0 bo neTupuTe npa3Hu nonuaa ce MogenupaaT gnaHKu co neT npcTu (T. XVI: 9). CBpTeHu ce koh nepu^epujaTa Ha ne6oT u HeKoram gononHeTu co Tonnuaa (cnopegu co T. XVI: 8; T. XV: 1;T. XIII). HeKage, co npcTu 3aBpmyBaaT u Kpan;uTe Ha caMuoT KpcT (T. XVI: 9, 10, aHanoruu Ha opHaMeHTUTe og BenurgeHCKUTe jajn;a: 7). CenaHUTe CMeTaaT geKa bo 0B0j cnynaj, pan;eTe ja cuM6onu3upaaT 6aKHyBaHaTa paKa Ha KyM0T, Koja ce CMeTana 3a »CBeTa paKa«. OgpegeHu BapujaHTu Ha »KyMcKu ne6oeu«, HaMeHeTu 3a CBag6eHaTa Tpne3a ce ucT0 TaKa yKpaceHu co pan;e, gononHeTu co npeTCTaBu Ha nTun;u, ceTo BKnoneHo bo n;eHTpanH0 nocTaBeHa CBacTUKa (T. XVI: 12). OBue ne6oBu ogaT bo nap, npu mT0 egHuoT e »MamKu« (co Kpan;u Ha CBacTUKaTa CBpTeHu HagecHo), a gpyruoT »^eHCKu« (co Kpan;u koh neBo). 3a hubhuot cuneH o6pegeH KapaKTep Hajgo6po 36opyBa ^aKT0T mT0 He ce jagaT bo TeK0T Ha CBag6eHaTa Tpne3a. no3HaTa e u THp. »numa 3a oenapom« (T. XVI: 11), Koja ce yKpacyBa co otucok Ha gecHaTa paKa (Koja ce CMeTa KaKo »nopa6oTnuBa«, bo cnopeg6a co neBaTa Koja e »npoKneTa«).76 HeMa npuHUHa ga He ce BepyBa bo BpcKaTa Ha pan;eTe og npuKa^aHUTe KyMCKu T.e. CBag6eHu noranu co paKaTa Ha KyM0T Koj bo Tpagun;uoHanHUTe KynTypu ja H0cu ynoraTa Ha nocpegHUK - MegujaTop u 3acTanHUK Ha 6oroBUTe. Bo Toj KoHTeKCT, KyM0T M0»e ga ce c^aTu KaKo »paKa Ha 6o^ecTB0T0« T.e. H0BeK Koj ja 3acmanyea (hocu) He^oeama paKa u co nuja noMom ro BoBegyBa H0B0p0geH0T0 geTe bo 0B0j CBeT unu con;ujanHaTa 3aegHun;a, ja BoBegyBa HeBecTaTa bo naTpunuHeapHuoT pog, ro 03aK0HyBa hobuot 6paK u co Toa My o6e36egyBa ycnex. Bo 0Baa CMucna M0»e ga ce npoTonKyBa u paKaTa Ha oB^apcKaTa nuTa. 3eMajKu ro npegBug caKpanHuoT KapaKTep Ha 0BHap0T, BoonmTo nacTupoT u K0HKpeTH0 0H0j bo HaBegeHuoT cpegH0BeK0BeH puTyan og noMepaHuja, CTaHyBa jacHo geKa u Toj ja hocu ^yHKn;ujaTa Ha MegujaTop (ro BoBegyBa ycnexoT bo ceKoja KyKa npeKy »6o^jaTa paKa« - npuKa^aHa Ha Her0BU0T o6pegeH CTan). Ha HeKou og ne6oBUTe ce jaByBa u KpcT0T unu CBacTUKaTa co Kpan;u bo Bug Ha gnaHKu (T. XVI: 9, 10, 12). 75 C. H. Kocxobt, Botubu ... , 16; C. I. PexBuamBunu, Pa^aHCKue ... , 96,97; gpyra ^uxupaHa nuxepaxypa: H. Haycuguc, naraHo - cnoBeHCKu (I)... , 150. 76 H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 3,4; aHanorHu npuMepu bo pycKuox ^onKnop, cnoMHyBa G. C. MacnoBa (OpH. pyccKoM ... , 15); 82 Hukoc haycuduc Chmhhm motmbm Ha CBacTMKM ce no3HaTM bo opHaMeHTUKaTa Ha BenurgeHcKuTe jaj^ og yKpauHa (T. XVI: 3, necTo cTunu3upaHu bo Bug Ha rpe6no: 4, 5). KaKo mTo BugoBMe, oBaa K0M6uHa^uja e npucyTHa bo MoTMBMTe og Cu6up (T. XVI: 8), a bo pegy^upaHa ^opMa u Ha cTeÉ^MTe (T. XVI: 6). 3eMajKu ja npegBug goMuHaHTHaTa conapHa cuM6onuKa Ha cBacTUKaTa, npucycTBoTo Ha gnaHKuTe bo Hea 6u Moreno ga ru a^eHTupa genoTBopHuTe acneKTu Ha oBoj He6ecKu eneMeHT. OBue K0M6uHa^uu u gpyruTe npeTCTaBu Ha paKa (T. XVI: 1, 2) go6po ce BKnonyBaaT bo KoH^nTuTe Ha KocMonomKo nuTaae Ha opHaMeHTuKaTa Ha BenurgeHcKuTe jaj^. ru 3acTanyBaaT He6ecKo - conapHuTe KoMnoHeHTu (Kpyr, cBacTuKa, po3eTa = He6o, coh^), KaKo 0^03u^uja Ha 3eMHuTe T.e. xToHcKuTe, npucyTHu Ha cnpoTuBHaTa nonoBuHa og jaj^To (poM6, KBagpaT, Be^eTa^uja = 3eMja, ^eHCKu ^puH^u^, nnogHocT).77 r) rpag6u (T. XV: 13, 14) Ha EanKaHoT, KyKuTe, gyKaHuTe u gpyruTe rpag6u ce 3amTuTyBane »og 3nu onu« co omenaTC^u Ha gnaHKa bo ^pHa 6oja, oTucHaTu Ha sugoBuTe u BpaTuTe. floKa3 geKa ce pa6oTu 3a cTapu Tpagu^uu e gnaHKaTa Bgna6eHa bo egeH KaMeH og sugoT Ha ^pKBaTa Cb. AHgpea, bo KnucypaTa MaTKa Kpaj CKonje (noKpaj Bne30T bo npunpaTaTa Ha ^pKaBaTa, u3rpageHa bo 16 BeK: T. XV: 13).78 MomHe necTo, gnaHKaTa u3genKaHa bo KaMeH ce jaByBa bo KaBKa3cKuoT apean, u Toa bo paMKuTe Ha »MBeanumTaTa, BoeHuTe u KynTHuTe o6jeKTu, gaTupaHu og cpegHuoT BeK na go noHoBo BpeMe (npuMep: T. XV: 14). npeTcraBeHa e u3gBoeHo, ho u bo K0M6uHa^uu co gpyru eneMeHTu, MomHe chuhhu Ha oHue og cTeK^uTe (BKnynuTenHo u conapHu ugeorpaMu). no3HaTu ce u ^urypu co npeguMeH3uoHupaHu pa^, ho 3a pa3nuKa og cTe^uTe, TyKa ce KpeHaTu u 3roneMeHu o6eTe. flo cKopo, TaMy 6un 3anyBaH o6unajoT, npu rpag6a Ha H0Ba KyKa, ga ce oTucHe gnaHKa bo ManTepoT.79 g) Kapnu ymTe og HajcTapuoT naneonuTcKu nepuog H0BeK0T, co noMom Ha 6oja, Ha KapnuTe ocTaBan omenaTC^u og cBouTe gnaHKu. Bo gpyru cnynau, gna6en Ha hub 0Tuc0^u u ^pTe^u bo Bug Ha gnaHKu. OBue nocTanKu ce cMeTaaT 3a egHu og npBuTe Tparu Ha nuKoBHuoT cuM6onu3aM BoonmTo. HuBHaTa 6a3uHHa ncuxo - cuM6onu^Ka MoTuBupaHocT u BnenaTnuBocT npugoHene, npuKa^yBaaeTo Ha gnaHKu Ha KapnuTe ga er3ucTupa penucu ceKage Ha nnaHeTaBa u bo cuTe nepuogu.80 Bo ceKoja KynTypHa cpeguHa u enoxa, oBaa nocTanKa 6una MoTuBupaHa u onpaBgyBaHa co pa3Hu MarucKu, mutcku, penurucKu u ceMuoTu^Ku npunuHu. TpajHocTa Ha MaTepujanoT u necTaTa HenpucTanHocT u caKpanHa Ta6yupaHocT Ha oBue noKa^uu, npugoHena Tue ga ru Hag^uBeaT cBouTe enoxu u bo ceKoja HapegHa ga go6uBaaT hobu 3Haneaa u (^yH^uu. Bo cnoBeHcKaTa KynTypa ce cMeTane 3a Tparu Ha gaMHemHuTe mutcku BpeMuaa bo kou orpoMHuTe u mokhu npanyre - yuH0Bu, npeMecTyBajKu ru nnaHuHuTe u TemKuTe 77 M. Selivachov, Folk ... , 29-Fig.XI.A.- 1,5; 59-Fig.XXIX-7. H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 22; 3a HaBegeHuoT KocMonomKu koh^ot (co npuno^eHa nuTepaTypa): H. Haycuguc, PaHocpegHoBeKoBHuTe ... , 156-160. 78 Za oómajoT: T. R. Dordevic, Zle oči ... , 287-289. no3HaTu hu ce ymTe HeKonKy oggenHu npuMepu og BanKaHoT, ho He u nuTepaTypa bo Koja MaTepujanoT 6u 6un coópaH u cucTeMaTu3upaH. 79 B. M. MapKoBuH, naMSTHuKu ... , 189, 194, 202, 211, 220, 239; B. n. KoóbraeB, ^3biK ... , 155-157. 80 A. fl. CTonap, O »runoTe3e pyKu« ... ; 3a ncuxoaHanuTOTKuTe motubu: V. Matic, Zaboravljena ... , 83-85; V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ... , 16. 83 PaHocpeflHOBeKOBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa ofl PoMaHiija m Hej3MHMTe penaiiMM co cnoBeHCKMTe naraHCKM TpaflMijMM T. XVII 1. PaKa (Ha Ca6a3uj ?) Koja gp^u opeB, (geTan: opeB co npcTcTaBa Ha KoaaHuK Koj cc 6opu co Me^Ka), 3-4. bck, Ton6yxMHcKo, Byrapuja, (M. Ta^eBa - XuToBa, McTopua ... , III, 7, b); 2. fleTan og KaMeHeH ugon, cpegeH BeK, peKa 36py% yKpauHa ^pTe® cnopeg (oTorpa(uja); 3,3a: Cpe6peH npcTeH, TypcKo cpegHoBeKoBje, KpaToBo, MaKegoHuja (E. MaHeBa, CpegHoBeKoBeH ... , 139, T. 96-26/3); 4: nojacHo ja3me, PaH cpegeH BeK, MapTeny, yHrapuja, (L. Gyula, A martelyi ... , 107, T. 24-1); 5: OeMaTcKu npuKa3 Ha gnaHKa co o3HaKu Ha acTponomKuTe 3Ha^u (E. A. Volis Badz, Amajlije ... , 381); 6: Be3, (onKnop, CeBepHa flBuHa, Pycuja, (B. A. Pbi6aKoB, McKyccTBo ... , 56); 7. Motub og cTeK^u, Budimir, Sinj, flanMa^uja (M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ... , T. XCVIII-4); 8: Penje( bo KaMeH, puMcKu nepuog, BuTona, MaKegoHuja (A. ^pMaHoBuh, HeKonuKo ... , 115/ 6); 9. BpoH3eHa nno^Ka co npenneT Ha ^ubothu u nyre, paH cpegeH BeK, Gondorf (K. Böhner, Die frühmittelalterlichen ... , 696-Abb.12). Hukoc Haycuduc Kapnu ru BTucHane bo hmb cBouTe gnaHKH. Ha 36pyncKH0T ugon, OBaa ^yH^uja ja hoch TpornaBuoT xtohckh 6or - Koj co CBouTe pa^ ja npugp^yBa 3eMHaTa nnona.81 Bo jy:«HocnoBeHcKHTe npegaHuja, KaKo HocuTen Ha 0THC0^H Ha gnaHKH h cTonana bo KapnuTe, HajnecTo ce cMeTa MHT0n0rH3upaHH0T ucTopucKH nuK Kpane MapKo, Koj bo npegaHujaTa necTo ce 6opu co cBojoT xtohckh onoHeHT, ^pnajKu no Hero orpoMHH KaMeaa h Kapnu. Toa 36opyBa 3a BMeTHyBaaeTo Ha egeH gpyr koh^ot bo oBue TpagH^HH - npucycTBoTo Ha xepojcKH mhtckh nuK co o6ene:«ja Ha He6ecKHM conapeH 6or h / unu rpoMoBHHK, bo ^yH^uja Ha 6ope^ npoTHB 3noTo. TaKBuoT KapaKTep ro noTBpgyBaaT KonuTaTa Ha MapKoBuoT Bonme6eH Koa (HeroB 3ooMop^eH aHanoroH), hcto TaKa oTucHaTH bo KaMeHoT. 3a6ene^eHH ce BepyBaaa bo neKoBHTaTa mok Ha go^goBHaTa Boga, co6paHa bo oBue gnanKH Ha KapnuTe. r) MarucKH aKTHBHocTH BeKe HanoMHaBMe 3a MaKegoHcKoTo BepyBaae cnopeg Koe, aKo HeKoj noKpaj ce6e hoch paKa (gnaHKa) og noKojHHK, Toa Ke My o6e36egu 3amTHTa og oraeHo opy^je h pa3HH gpyru 3na. Bo BocHa h Xep^roBHHa, HemKa, Pycuja, repMaHuja h nomupoKo bo EBpona, nocToeno BepyBaae bo gpyru MarucKH mokh Ha gnaHKaTa unu npcTHTe Ha noKojHHKoT (HeKage Toa e KoHKpeTHa KaTeropuja ^0K0jHH^H: o6eceHHK, Mano, MpTBopogeHo unu a6opTupaHo geTe). Ce cMeTano geKa, aKo 3acnaH TOBeK, bo ogpegeHH oKonHocTH 6uge gonpeH co gnaHKa unu npcT Ha noKojHHK, Toa Ke My ro 3a^pcTH cohot h Ke ro cnpenu HeroBoTo 6ygeae. OBa BepyBaae ro KopucTene Kpag^HTe, 3a ga ru 3agp^aT bo ^pcT coh goMaKuHHTe, bo nuja KyKa Kpagene. 3a Taa ^n, cnopeg c^e^HjanH0 pa3pa6oTeHa nocTanKa ce npenapupana gnaHKa (unu npcTu) og MpToBe^ no BneryBaaeTo bo KyKaTa, ce nanene npcTHTe Ha gnaHKaTa h gogeKa Tue ropene KaKo cBeKu, co Hea ce gonupane 3acnaHHTe goMaKuHH. Co Toa ce o6e36egyBano hhbho ^pcTo cnueae ce gogeKa Tue ropene (bo HemKa BepyBane geKa co oBoj hhh, Kpage^0T cTaHyBa HeBugnuB).82 Bo oBaa nocTanKa ce oneBugHH HeKonKy noruHKo - cuM6onuHKH H3egHanyBaaa. Og egHa cTpaHa, Toa e noHcToBeTyBaaeTo Ha ^pcT0T0 cnueae co cMpTa, a og gpyra, H3egHanyBaae Ha cMpTTa co noKojHHKoT, ogHocHo TpeTupaae Ha HeroBaTa paKa KaKo cyncman^janna CMpm.83 MaHH^ecTupaHa e h o6paTHaTa pena^Hja - oTcycTBo Ha roBop (= CMpm) KaKo ycnoB 3a ropeaeTo Ha npcTHTe. Og oBue pena^HH cnegu h koh^otot Ha oBaa MarucKa nocTanKa. MpToBe^KaTa paKa (= noKojnuK = CMpm), npeKy KoHTaKT co «hb T.e. 3acnaH noBeK (paKa = donup = öaBame = öenomBopnocm) npegu3BHKyBa 3acunyBaae T.e. npogon«yBaae Ha HeroBuoT coh (= CMpm). Ho, pena^HjaTa ^opewe Ha npcmume = mpaewe Ha conom = CMpmma He e goBonHa M0THBa^Hja 3a oBoj hhh, TaKa mTo 3ag Hero Mopana ga ctoh h HeKaKBa gpyra mhtcko - cuM6onuHKa nognora. Ha Toa ynaTyBaaT cnegHHTe ^aKTH. Ha egHaTa og BeKe HaBegeHHTe paH0cpegH0BeK0BHH ^urypu (og flo6pyya: T. III: 2), noguraaTHTe gnaHKH ce TpaHc^opMupaHH bo nnaMeH. 81 A. A^aHacbeB, ^o^TmecKHe ... II, 736; 3a ^urypaTa og 36py^acKH0T ugon: B. A. Pbi6aK0B, ^3. gp. Pycu ... , 236-251. 82 M. Wenzel, Neki komentari ... , 137-139; y. OajH, MpTBa^Ka ... , 20-22; A. A^aHacbeB, ^o^TmecKHe ... MM, 735-737. 83 BeKe HanoMHaBMe geKa cnopeg M. Wenzel (Neki komentari ... , 138), npucycTBoTo Ha pa^ Ha Hagrpo6HHTe c^0MeHH^H, cornegaHH bo oBoj KoHTKecT 6h Mo«eno ga HMa ^yHKcuja ga My o6e36egaT Ha noKojHHKoT MupHo no^HBaae bo rpo6oT. PaH0cpegH0BeK0BHaxa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3UHuxe pena^uu co cnoBeHCKuxe naraHCKu xpag^uu Co paKaTa u oco6eHo npcTUTe, bo cuM6onuHKa BpcKa ce u coHn;eTo u MonaaTa, KaKo gBe MaHu(ecTan;uu Ha KOcuuuKuom o^an. KaKo mT0 BugoBMe, (T. XVI) 3pan;uTe Ha coHn;eTo ce npeTCTaByBane KaKo 3naTHu pan;e (unu npu u3rpeB0T, KaKo p030Bu npcTu). »rp0M0BUTe cTpenKu«, bo repMaHuja ce HapeKyBaaT u »teufelsfinger«, gogeKa bo Pycuja »H0pT0BH nanbn;bi« (raBonoBu npcTu). no3HaTu ce u pycKu npuKa3Hu bo K0U egeH og npcTUTe Ha MHoryrnaBuoT 3Mej e orHeH. Co Hero Toj ru nogropyBa rnaBUTe mT0 My ru 0TceKyBa jyHaK0T, no mT0 Tue noBTopHo 3apacHyBaaT 3a Her0B0T0 Teno. Bo cnoBeHCKUTe Tpagun;uu u nomupoKo, :uB0THaTa cuna e cogp:aHa u bo npeTCTaBUTe 3a rp0M0T u MonaaTa. no3HaTu ce BepyBaaaTa geKa ygapoT Ha rpoM hocu 3gpaBje u :ubot, a neK0BUT0 cBojcTBo uMaaT u »rp0M0BUTe cTpenu« - npegucTopucKu KaMeHu opyguja unu npupogHu MUHepanu co npaBunHa (opMa, 3a kou ce BepyBano geKa ce »MyHun;uja« Ha rp0M0T u MonaaTa T.e. ocTaTon;u og hubhuot ygap.84 EneMeHTUTe paKa - MUBom - o^an ce cogp:aHu u bo HaBegeH0T0 BepyBaae geKa paKaTa Ha n0K0jHUK0T mTUTu og o^neno opywje. Bo pa3Hu KynTypu hu3 nnaHeTaBa, H0BeK0T ro u3egHaHun TpaeaeTo Ha :ubotot co TneeaeTo Ha 0rH0T, paraaeTo co Her0B0T0 naneae, a cMpTTa co racHeaeTo (oTTyKa cnoBeHCKuoT 360p BOCKpecHyBawe = noBmopHO nanewe). Ho, napanenHo 6una oco3HaeHa u gecTpyKTUBHaTa cTpaHa Ha 0rH0T - KaKo yHumTyBaH Ha ce, na u Ha :ubotot. Bo MHgoeBponcKcuoT K0MnneKc, 0Ba e HajjacHo ogpa3eHo bo npeTCTaBUTe 3a nepcucKuoT MuTpa (KayTo, KayTonaT) u xeneHCKaTa XeKaTa, huu noguraaTu (aKenu ro 03HaHyBaaT :ubotot, a cnymTeHUTe - cMpTTa. OrH0T KaKo cuM6on Ha nporpecuBHaTa u perpecuBHaTa (a3a Ha :uB0THUTe n;uKnycu e npuKa:aH u bo pan;eTe Ha xuHgyucTUHKU0T ffluBa - HaTapaya. Ha nnoHKaTa og flo6pyya (T. III: 2), 6oroT e npuKa:aH bo cBojaTa nporpecuBHa no3a - co oraeHUTe pan;e nogurHaTu Harope. SeMajKu ja npegBug penan;ujaTa o^an = coHW u no3aTa Ha 0Baa (urypa, Koja (opMupa xopu30HTaneH KpcT (Mo:e6u KaKo cuM6on Ha coHn;eTo unu meMaTCKu npuKa3 Ha cosBe3gueTo OpuoH), hu ce huhu BepojaTHo geKa Taa ro npuKa:yBana CnoBeHCKuoT noKpoBUTen Ha He6oTo unu noBepojaTHo Ha coHn;eTo u I unu 0rH0T (cnopegu: T. III: 2 co gBeTe cocegHu (urypu bo cnuHHa no3a, Kaj kou conapHuoT KapaKTep e noeKcnnun;uTHo u3pa3eH npeKy 3paHecT I1I u no3naTeH ISI opeon oKony rnaBaTa). nogon;He:HUTe numaHu u3Bopu og nonHuoT cpegeH BeK, 0Bue (yHKn;uu ru Bp3yBaaT 3a CnoBeHCKUTe TeoHUMu Xopc, ffaM6o^ (u3egHaHeHu co coHn;eTo) u CBapOMuu - cuhot Ha He6ecKU0T CBapor (o6uhho noBp3yBaH co coHn;eTo u 0rH0T).85 II. AHTMHKM TpagM^MM - paKaTa Ha 6oroT Ca6a3uj (T. XVIII) Bo aHTUHKaTa KynTypa, KynTHuoT KapaKTep Ha cenapupaHaTa paKa HajBneHaTnuBo ce cnegu npeKy Tpagun;uuTe 3a 6oroT Ca6a3uj. Bo noBeKe eBponcKu peruoHu ce oTKpueHu o6pegHu npegMeTu bo Bug Ha HoBeHKa paKa, u3neaHa og 6poH3a (unu nopeTKo og gpyr MaTepujan), gononHeTa co pa3Hu nuK0BHu motubu. HaTnucuTe u ogpegeHu TunonomKu o6ene:ja 0B03M0:yBaaT hubho jacHo noBp3yBaae co HaBegeHuoB 6or (T. XVIII: 1 - S, 5 - 7, 10). OaKToT mT0 ce npoHajgeHu u bo peru0H0T og Koj noTeKHyBa TyKa o6pa6oTeHaTa paH0cpegH0BeK0BHa paKa (nocTapu og Hea S unu 4 BeKa) He' o6Bp3yBa, 84 A. A(aHacbeB, ^o^TUHecKue ... II, 7S5-7S7; 3a »rp0M0BUTe cTpenu« H. Haycuguc, MuTCKUTe ... , 411,412. 85 Sa conapHUTe 6o:ecTBa: M. G. naHHoBCKu, naHTeoHtT ... , 50-59; H. Haycuguc, MuTCKUTe ... , S09-SS1; 3a fla:6or: H. Haycuguc, fla:6or ... ; 3a CBapor u CBapo:uH: H. Haycuguc, CnoBeHCKUTe ... . 86 Hukoc haycuduc T. XVIII BpoH3eHM pa^ Ha 6oroT Ca6a3uj, 2-3. BeK: 1: British Museum, London (S. Perowne, Rimska ... , 102); 2: EpMMTa®, CaHKT-neTep6ypr (A. Mun^eB, Kt.m KynTa ... , 70/7); 3: Cace, 3bophuk, BocHa u Xep^roBuHa (V. Paškvalin, Bronzana ... , 205/1); 5: TyMeHu^a, nneBeHCKO, Byrapuja (M. Ta^eBa - XuTOBa, McTopua ... , III, 2, 2); 6: CaH BepHap, ^Baj^apuja (A. Mun^eB, Kt.m KynTa ... , 59/3), 7: ^paflHu^a, Ta6poBCKo, Byrapuja (M. Ta^eBa - XuTOBa, McTopua ... , III, 19, 6); 4: BpoH3eHa paKa Ha flonuxeH, KaBapHa /Bu30He (A. Mun^eB, Kt.m KynTa ... , 60/4); 8: ®e3on, Bpa^aHCKO, Byrapuja (H. Mukob, M3o6pa®eHua ... , 21/28); 9, 9a: gpBeHa paKa, 11-12. BeK, HoBropog, Pycuja (B. H. .Hhuh, Pa6oTbi ... , 38); 10: PaKa mTO gp^u opeB, cnoHOBa KOcKa, 3-4 BeK, Ton6yxMHCKO, Byrapuja, (M. Ta^eBa - XuTOBa, McTopua ... , III, 7). PaH0cpegH0BeK0BHaxa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3UHuxe pena^uu co cnoBeHCKuxe naraHCKu xpag^uu bo OBa ucTpa^yBaae ga um nocBeTUMe BHUMaHue u Ha Tpagun;uuTe Ha aHTUHKuOT Ca6a3uj.86 - reHe3a u panpocmpaHemocm. Ce cMeTa geKa KynTOT Ha Ca6a3uj noTeKHyBa og ^puruja, npu mTO, bo HeroBaTa reHe3a ce npeTnocTaByBa u mo«hoto ynecTBO Ha nonynan;uuTe og TpaKuja u MaKegoHuja. Og ^puruja unu og HeKoe 6anKaHCK0 jagpo, bo 5. BeK nHe., OBoj KynT ce npeHen bo cTaporpHKaTa, a nogon;Ha u bo puMCKaTa KynTypa. CeymTe HeMa n;BpcTu goKa3u 3a npegpuMCKaTa er3ucTeHn;uja Ha OBoj KynT bo BHaTpemHOcTa Ha BanKaHOT, T.e. HeroBa aBTOxTOHa (TpaKucKa, unu MaKegoHCKa) reHe3a. HeKOu ucTpa^yBanu cMeTaaT geKa Ha BanKaHOT (ocBeH M0^e6u TpaKuja), Toj 6un goHeceH og Manoa3ucKUTe goceneHun;u (neruoHepu, BeTepaHu, TproBn;u, 3aHaeTHuu). npeKy pa3Hu KynTHu o6jeKTu e noTBpgeH bo ^puruja, nomupoKO bo Mana A3uja u HaBegeHUTe BanKaHCKu peruoHu. Bo puMCKaTa KynTypa ce jaByBa ymTe bo peny6nuKaHCKu0T nepuog u Toa u3egHaneH co JynuTep u co gpyru puMCKu 6oroBu, ho BucTUHCKa eKcnaH3uja bo npecTonHUHaTa u bo MTanuja go^uByBa gypu bo 2-3 BeK. Bo OBoj nepuog ce npomupyBa u HU3 puMCKUTe npoBUHn;uu og TepuTopujaTa Ha fflBajn;apuja, ®paHn;uja, Benruja, PajHCKUTe o6nacTu, ABCTpuja, yHrapuja, 3anagH0 -6anKaHCKUTe peruoHu, a ce nojaByBa u cpeg cnoMeHun;uTe og flyHaBCKUTe npoBUHn;uu (Me3uja, TpaKuja, flaKuja), ce go CeBepHOTO npun;pH0M0pje.87 - KapaKmep, $yHKwu u Kynm. HeKOu ucTpa^yBanu cMeTaaT geKa Ca6a3uj 6un u3B0pH0 6or Ha nnogopogueTO u npupogaTa, ho bo TeKOT Ha cBojoT ucTopucKu pa3BUT0K ru npomupun OBue CBOU npuMapHu ^yHKn;uu. Og 3aKpunHUK Ha ^purujcKUTe cenaHu, nocTeneHO Ke npepacHe bo BnageTen Ha BceneHaTa u rocnogap Ha ^UBOTOT u gymuTe Ha nyfeTO. Bo HerBuOT KynT, ocTBapyBaH bo paMKUTe Ha penurucKaTa 3aegHun;a - mujae, ce ucTaKHyBaaT jacHu MucTepujanHu o6ene^ja. OprujacTUHKUTe npon;ecuu, npocnegeHu co eKCTaTUHeH puTaM, My3UKa, o6pegHu TaHn;u u bukothuu;u, ce gBu^ene koh KynTHUTe MecTa, Kage ce u3BegyBane o6pegu bo Kou 6une HarnaceHu cMpTTa u BOcKpecHyBaaeTO. ^peMOHujaTa 3aBpmyBana co cuM6onuHKa 6paHHa BpcKa Mefy nocBeTeHuOT u 6o^ecTB0T0, ogHOcHO u3egHanyBaae co Hero, no mTO Toj 6un uMeHyBaH no uMeTO Ha 6oroT. noKnoHun;uTe Ha Ca6a3uj BepyBane bo go6puoT aHren Koj nocne cMpTTa Ke ru ogBege Ha ro36aTa Ha 6na^eHUTe.88 KynTOT Ha Ca6a3uj bo apxeonorujaTa e o6ene^eH co HeKonKy Tuna KynTHu npegMeTu, u3pa6oTeHu bo HeopraHCKu MaTepujanu: - KaMeHu u MeTanHu o6jeKTu bo ^opMa Ha penje^u, onTapu, cno6ogH0cToeHKu cKynnTypu u HaTnucHu nnoHu, Ha kou ce cnoMHyBa unu nuKOBHO ce npuKa^yBa 6oroT, HeroBUTe cuM6onu, aTpu6yTu u noKnoHun;u. Oco6eH0 ce 3HaHajHu penjeifiume, co ^urypa Ha 6oroT (npuKa^aH bo xpaM, co 6pojHu aTpu6yTu) u BeKe HaBegeHUTe npeTCTaBu Ha 6pomenu paucTO TaKa gononHeTu co cuM6onuTe Ha 6oroT.89 86 Ha nogpaHjexo Ha flaKuja, bo 2-3. BeK, Kynxox Ha Ca6a3uj e noxBpgeH Ha HeKonKy Mecxa. npu roa e rnaBHO u3egHaHeH co Jynuxep (xpu Haxnucu Ha Jynuxep - Ca6a3uj, gBa onxapu, egHa penje^Ha nnoHKa u 6poH3eHa paKa Ha Ca6a3uj). TaKBu npegMexu (u KynxHu ^Hxpu) uMano u bo cocegHuxe nogpaHja: nogyHaBCKuox u 3anagHuox gen Ha Byrapuja u McxoHHa Cp6uja (M. Macrea, Le culte ... , 328-356; M. TaHeBa - HuxoBa, Mcxopua ... , Kapxa Ha cxp. 60-61; A. MunHeB, Kt.m Kynxa ... , 44-48,57,58,74; C. Kojuh, Ca6a3ujeB ... , 183-185). 87 M. TaHeBa - HuxoBa, Mcxopua ... , 282,286; A. MunHeB, Kt.m Kynxa ... , 39-41,74; n. Gop6aH0B, 3a xapaKxepa ... , 17. 88 A. MunHeB, Kt,m Kynxa ... , 37,38,46; V. Paškvalin, Bronzana ... , 204; C. Kojuh, Ca6a3ujeB ... , 183-185. 89 flexanHO 3a KynxHuxe npegMexu: A. MunHeB, Kt.m Kynxa ... ; M. TaHeBa - HuxoBa, Mcxopua ... , 286,291. 88 Hukoc haycuduc - Pena^u co ^py^u óoMecmea u Kynmoeu. Bo TeKOT Ha cBojaTa MHTeH3MBHa eKcnaH3uja HM3 EBpona, KynToT Ha Ca6a3uj Ke ce npu6nu:*:u u CMHKpeTM3Mpa co noBeKe aHTUHKU 6o^ecTBa. BpcKUTe co fluoHuc Ke cTaHaT TonKy cunHU, mTo aHTMHKMTe aBTopu cMeTaaT geKa Ca6a3uj e BymHocT (^purucKoTo T.e. TpaKucKoTo UMe Ha fluoHuc. fleHec ce cMeTa geKa oBa noucTOBeTyBaae ce cnynuno gypu no goaráeTo Ha Ca6a3MeBMoT KynT bo Xenaga. Ha KynTHMTe npegMeTU, oBa e MaHU^ecTupaHo npeKy npucycTBoTo Ha HeKou ,D,uohucobu aTpu6yTU (Tupc, rpaHKa: T. XVIII: 6, 7). McKnynuTenHo cunHU ce u pena^uuTe Mery Ca6a3uj u 3eBc T.e. JynuTep, kom bo ogpegeHM peruoHu pe3ynTupaaT co chocho cnojyBaae Ha gBaTa KynTa bo egeH (JynuTep-Ca6a3uj) u Memaae Ha UKoHorpa^cKUTe TunoBu u aTpu6ypuTe (open, Monaa, cTpena, ceKupa), mTo necTo goBegyBa go TemKoTuu npu gu^epeH^upafteT0 Ha HUBHUTe c^0MeHU^u. Ha KynTHMTe npeTcraBu ce npucyTHu u (^urypuTe u aTpu6yTUTe Ha ymTe HeKou aHTUHKU 6o^ecTBa co kom oBoj KynT BocnocTaBun pena^uu (XepMec T.e. MepKyp, MuTpa, MeH, fluocKypu, TpaKucKuoT Xepoc, AnonoH mth.).90 MMeTo Ha 6oroT Haj^ecro ce jaByBa bo (^opMaTa Za^a^ioa (bo TpaKuja Ze^aíioa), Sabazius / Sabadius u cKpaTeHo KaKo Za^aa. TeoHUMoT ce noBp3yBa co 3HaneaeTo ocno6odumen, cnacumen. Ho uMa u npeTnocTaBKu geKa HeroBoTo uMe, KynT unu 6apeM cuM6onuHKoTo npuKa^yBaae npeKy cenapupaHa paKa, ymTe bo Mana A3uja ce co3gan nog BnujaHue Ha HeKoj KynT Ha TaMy HaceneHUTe EBpeu. Bo npunor Ha oBa ce 3eMaaT HeKonKy ^aKTu. npBo, Toa ce pena^uuTe Mery MMeTo Ha oBoj 6or u xe6pejcKuoT Jahve Sabaoth, kom ymTe Kaj PuMjaHUTe, bo peny6nuKaHcKuoT nepuog npegu3BUKyBane 36yHeTocT u Memaae. Bo oBoj KoHTeKcT ce npegnara u eTUMonorujaTa Ha TeoHUMoT Ca6a3uj, og Sabaoth (= 6o¿ Ha BojcKume). HeKou og HayHHU^UTe, UMeTo Ha oBoj 6or ro noBp3yBaaT co KaBKacKUTe Tpagu^uu (epeMeHcKoTo acaaT bo 3Haneae Ha 6oMecmBo).91 Bo oBaa cMucna caKaMe ga ro HarnacuMe KopeHoT *sva-, Koj e npucyTeH bo TeoHMMMTe Ha HeKou UHgoeBponcKU BpxoBHU 6o^ecTBa co goMUHaHTeH He6ecKU u conapeH KapaKTep: cnoBeHcKUTe CBapor u CBaHToBUT u oco6eHo BegucKuoT CaBUTap, Mery gpyroTo 3aMucnyBaH u co 3naTHU pa^ (He Tpe6a ga ce 3a6opaBU geKa 6poH3aTa Ha ca6a3ueBMTe KynTHU pa^ cjaena coceM cnuHHo Ha 3naToTo). Bo oBaa cMucna e UHTepecHo UMeTo Ha aHTUHKuoT MaKegoHe^ Ca6aTap, 3a Koj ce npeTnocTaByBa geKa 6un KpcTeH no Ca6ac T.e. Ca6a3uj, a co orneg Ha ^HTpanHo - 6anKaHcKoTo noTeKno Ha JycTMHujaH u UMeTo Ha TaTKo My Sabbatius.92 - Bomuenupa^ na Ca6a3uj. HajnecTuoT Tun c^oMeHU^u Ha Ca6a3ueBuoT KynT e TpoguMeH3uoHanHaTa npeTcTaBa Ha gnaHKa, mynnuBo U3neaHa bo 6poH3a, HajnecTo co BucuHa Hag 10 cm. (T. XVIII: 1 - 3, 5 - 7), npuKa^aHa co gen og nognaKTU^Ta u co c^e^M^MHHa ^03u^uja Ha npcTUTe (cnopeg HeKou, bo recT benedictio latina). Ha o6eTe cTpaHM og gnaHKaTa u npcTUTe ce necTo a^nu^upaHU ^utomop^hu, 3ooMop^HU, aHTponoMop^HM u gpyru motubu. npoHajgeHU ce 6pojHU TaKBU pa^, TaKa mTo 90 A. Mun^eB, Kt.m KynTa ... , 37,58, 65-71; H. TogopoBT., naraHU3MT.TT. ... , 88. M. M. Ta^eBa - HuToBa, McTopua ... , 288,292,293; Ta^eBa-HuTOBa, 3a 6poH3oBaTa ... , 23-27 (3a pena^uuTe co JynuTep). 91 A. Mun^eB, Kt.m KynTa ... ,38,39; T. Capa^oB, TpaKUMcKU ... , 176-183; V. Paskvalin, Bronzana ... , 204, 206; S. Perowne, Rimska ... , 101. M. Ta^eBa - HuToBa (McTopua ... , 289, 290, 297) cMeTa geKa 3a MoHoTeucTU^KUTe TeHge^uu Ha Ca6a3uj He ce 3any®HU jygejcKUTe BnujaHuja (CaBaoT), TyKy cTapoóanKaHcKUTe Tpagu^uu. 92 Za UMeTo Ha MaKeg0He^0T (Ha HaTnuc og 4. BeK nHe. bo flen^u): A. Mun^eB, Kt.m KynTa ... , 39; 3a Sabbatius: J. A. S. Evans, tte age ... , 120; T. Capa^oB, TpaKUMcKU ... , 177, 3a oBa UMe Kaj aHTUMKUTe MaKegoH^u: 182 (Za|3aSai KaKo MaKegoHcKo UMe 3a cuneHUTe). PaHocpegHoBeKoBHaTa 6poH3eHa paKa og PoMaHuja u Hej3uHuTe pena^uu co cnoBeHCKuTe naraHCKu Tpag^uu HMBHaTa Tunonoruja e MomHe cno^eHa. Bo kohtckct Ha npMcycTB0T0 Ha gogaTHuTe annuKan;uu, oBue npegMeTu ce jaByBaaT bo 5 TunonomKu BapujaHTu: A - 6e3 HMKaKBM annuKan;uu; B - caMo co mumapKa; C - caMo co 3Muja; D - co mumapKa u 3Muja; E - co MHory gpyru gogaTon;u. HeKou og oBue eneMeHTu ce noBp3yBaaT co caMuoT Ca6a3uj, gogeKa gpyru - co 6oroBuTe co kou Toj 6un bo cuHKpeTu3aM.93 Ampu6ymu. HajnecTu u KoHcTaHTHu ce: 3Muja, mumapKa og 6op, ^enKa, ^a6a, rymTep u oBHoBa rnaBa (T. XVIII: 6, 7). 3uujama ce npuKa^yBa pegoBHo, no egHa unu noBeKe. Ce TonKyBa KaKo cuM6on Ha ^ubotot u nnogHocTa, KaKo cBemTeHo u ^pTBeHo ^ubotho Ha Ca6a3uj u HeroBa uHKapHan;uja (mToM Bugene 3Muja, HeroBuTe noKnoHun;u ro u3roBapaKe uMeTo Ha 6oroT). BKnyneHa 6una u bo o6peguTe Ha uHuu;ujau;uja, u3BegyBaHu npeKy BHecyBaae 3Muja bo na3yBaTa Ha KaHgugaToT (6paK Ha 6oroT co noKnoHun;uTe, Koj npeTnocTaByBaMe 6un 6a3upaH Bp3 penan;ujaTa na3yBa = Byrna; 3Muja = 6o^ =