Obnova rečnega ekosistema nižinskega dela Drave v Sloveniji Riparian ecosystem restoration of the lower Drava River in Slovenia Poljudno poročilo Layman’s report LIFE11 NAT/SI/882 Naslov / Title: Obnova rečnega ekosistema nižinskega dela Drave v Sloveniji. Poljudno poročilo. / Riparian ecosystem restoration of the lower Drava River in Slovenia. Layman’s Report. Avtorji / Authors: Damijan Denac, Luka Božič, Tilen Basle Lektura / Proofreading: Henrik Ciglič, Michael Manske Avtor grafik / Graphics: Tilen Basle Avtorji fotografij / Photos: Tilen Basle, BIOM, Dominik Bombek, Dejan Bordjan, Luka Božič, Damijan Denac, Geodetska uprava RS, HEP d.d., Jure Korež, Matevž Lenarčič, Peter Mesarič, Jure Novak, Uroš Orešič, Alen Ploj, Matjaž Premzl, Michael Tiefenbach, Henk van Harskamp, Martin Vernik Oblikovanje / Design: Tilen Basle Izdajatelj / Publisher: Društvo za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije (DOPPS) / DOPPS – BirdLife Slovenia Tržaška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Tel. 00 386 1 426 58 75 e-mail: dopps@dopps.si, www.ptice.si © DOPPS Tisk / Print: Schwarz print d.o.o. Naklada / Number of copies: 1000 Ljubljana, december 2017 Poljudno poročilo smo izdali s finančno podporo LIFE+, finančnega instrumenta Evropske unije, v okviru projekta Obnova rečnega ekosistema nižinskega dela Drave v Sloveniji, LIVEDRAVA, LIFE11 NAT/SI/882. Layman’s report was published with the financial contribution of LIFE+, a financial instrument of European Union as a part of the project Riparian Ecosystem Restoration of the Lower Drava River in Slovenia, LIVEDRAVA, LIFE11 NAT/SI/882. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 574.5(282.243.7) DENAC, Damijan Obnova rečnega ekosistema nižinskega dela Drave v Sloveniji : poljudno poročilo = Riparian ecosystem restoration of the lower Drava river in Slovenia : layman’s report / [avtorja besedila Damijan Denac, Luka Božič, Tilen Basle ; avtor grafik Tilen Basle ; avtorji fotografij Tilen Basle ... et al.]. - 1. izd. - Ljubljana : Društvo za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije (DOPPS), 2017 ISBN 978-961-6674-31-7 1. Gl. stv. nasl. 2. Vzp. stv. nasl. 3. Božič, Luka, 1976- 4. Basle, Tilen 293020672 Osebna izkaznica Project ID card Naslov projekta / Project title: Obnova rečnega ekosistema nižinskega dela Drave v Sloveniji / Riparian ecosystem restoration of the lower Drava River in Slovenia Akronim / Acronym: LIVEDRAVA Koda projekta / Project code: LIFE11 NAT/SI/882 Spletna stran / Web page: www.livedrava.ptice.si Obdobje trajanja / Project period: 1. 9. 2012–31. 12. 2017 Upravičenec koordinator / Coordinating beneficiary: DOPPS – BirdLife Slovenia Vodja projekta / Project manager: dr. Damijan Denac (damijan.denac@dopps.si) Pridruženi upravičenci / Associated beneficiaries: VGB Maribor d.o.o., DRAVA Vodnogospodarsko podjetje Ptuj d.d., Mestna občina Ptuj Financiranje / Financing: European Union (LIFE+), MOP Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Dravske elektrarne Maribor d.o.o., Občina Ormož, Beneficiaries Odstotki financiranja / Contribution breakdown: EU (50 %), Co-financers (43 %), Beneficiaries (7 %) Skupen znesek / Total budget: 4.098.910 EUR Podpora pristojnih inštitucij / Support from the competent authority: ARSO, Občina Središče ob Dravi Projekt LIVEDRAVA se je odvijal na območju vzdolž reke Drave med Project LIVEDRAVA was implemented along Drava River between Maribor and Središče ob Dravi, encompassing Mariborom in Središčem ob Dravi, ki je znotraj meja Natura 2000 Natura 2000 site Drava. Almost the entire project area is Drava. Gre za nižinski, panonski del Drave v Sloveniji, t.i. Dravsko ravan. located on an alluvial plain called “Dravska ravan” in NE Rečni ekosistem je bil v preteklosti degradiran in populacije značilnih Slovenia. Riparian ecosystem of the Drava River has been rečnih vrst so se bodisi zmanjšale bodisi izginile. Mnoge med njimi degraded in the past, with populations of riparian ecosystem and qualifying Natura 2000 species either decreasing or so vrste, ki smo jih kot država članica EU dolžni varovati. Na območju disappearing. Ornithologists of DOPPS have been active at the ob Dravi ornitologi DOPPS neprekinjeno delujemo vse od nastanka area ever since the establishment of DOPPS in 1979. Several društva leta 1979. Med dolgoletnim delom smo prepoznali številne threats or larger problems contributing to the degradation neposredne grožnje za naravovarstveno pomembne vrste, te pa have been recognized and placed at the centre of our nature conservation actions within the project. During the mnogokrat posredno ali neposredno ogrožajo tudi človeka. Nekatere implementation of the project we attempted to demonstrate od njih smo izpostavili v tem projektu LIFE+ in jih v petih letih skušali the importance of ecosystem services provided to mankind odpraviti ali vsaj zmanjšati ter tako pokazati, da je varstvo narave prek free of charge. Project LIVEDRAVA is finished but nature ekosistemskih storitev, ki nam jih narava nudi, zanje pa ne zaračunava, conservation and striving for public welfare along Drava River continue. koristno za človeško družbo. Projekt LIVEDRAVA je končan, varstvo narave in skrb za kvalitetno življenje od Dravi pa se nadaljuje. projektno območje / project area upravljanje prodišč / management of gravel bars MARIBOR obnova rečnih rokavov / restoration of the river branches Krajinski park Središče ob Dravi Nature Park Središče ob Dravi PTUJ ORMOŽ ornitološka opazovalnica observation tower Naravni rezervat Ormoške lagune Ormož Basins Nature Reserve 1 Grožnja: Slabo stanje habitatov in vrst rečnega ekosistema 1 Threat: Unfavourable conservation state of riparian habitats and species The natural dynamic of the Drava River was heavily altered after Po postavitvi zadnjih treh hidroelektrarn na Dravi v panonskem the construction of three hydro-power plants in the Pannonian delu v 60. in 70. letih 20. stoletja se je vodni režim v strugi bistveno stretch in the 1960s and 1970s, as most of the water (95%) spremenil. Praktično vsa voda Drave (95 %) je večinoma v was diverted into the inlet channels, whereas the prevailing discharges and bedload transport in the old riverbed were derivacijskih kanalih elektrarn, preostali pretok v strugi in transport drastically reduced. This caused an overgrowth of gravel bars proda je dramatično zmanjšan. Zato se prodišča zaraščajo z lesno with woody vegetation. A formerly extensive network of river vegetacijo in nekdanje bogato omrežje rečnih rokavov usiha. Zaradi branches gradually diminished due to the lack of water, and most majhnih pretokov rokavi niso več povezani s strugo reke. Majhni of them remain disconnected to the main river for most of the year. Low discharges in the old riverbed caused silting in the river pretoki so povzročili zapolnitev stranskih rokavov s sedimenti. Vse te side arms. These changes resulted in a lack of suitable breeding, spremembe so povzročile izgubo številnih značilnih rečnih habitatov spawning and foraging sites for species like the Common Tern, in posledično zmanjšanje populacij rečnih vrst, kot so navadna čigra, Sand Martin, Kingfisher, Little Ringed Plover, Common Sandpiper, breguljka, vodomec, mali deževnik, mali martinec, pezdirk, navadna Biterling, Spined Loach, and Asp. The following actions were taken to improve the situation. nežica, bolen. Z naslednjimi ukrepi smo skušali stanje izboljšati. Ukrepi & rezultati Measures & results At selected gravel bars in the locations of Starše, Krčevina pri Na izbranih prodiščih na lokacijah pri Staršah, Krčevini pri Vurbergu, Vurbergu, Hajdoše, Dravci, Borl and Mala vas, woody vegetation Hajdošah, Dravcih, Borlu in Mali vasi smo opravili renaturacijo in encroaching upon the gravel bars was removed in an innovative way, thus maximizing the surface of bare gravel without the odstranili lesno vegetacijo. Uporabili smo inovativne pristope s ciljem, admixture of soil and minimizing its further encroachment. da ustvarimo čim večjo površino golega proda brez primesi humusa Vegetation was removed twice: in 2013/2014 and 2016. in karseda upočasnimo njihovo nadaljnje zaraščanje. Vegetacijo smo odstranili dvakrat, prvič v letih 2013/2014 in drugič v letu 2016. Mala vas 2010 2014 2016 With this action we managed to increase the number of breeding S tem ukrepom smo na prodiščih povečali število gnezdečih parov Little Ringed Plovers at these gravel bars from an average of 8 malih deževnikov z 8 (povprečje v letih 2006, 2009−2013) na 25 pairs before the management (for the years 2006, 2009−2013) (povprečje v letih 2014−2017). Tako smo povečali populacijo te vrste to an average of 25 pairs afterwards (for the years 2014−2017). We thus increased the total population of the Little Ringed na celotnem SPA Drava za 35 %. Poleg tega je na teh lokacijah Plover at the SPA Drava by 35%. Furthermore, 6 pairs of Common gnezdilo tudi 6 parov malega martinca (okoli 20 % celotne populacije Sandpiper also bred at these locations (circa 20% of the entire SPA). Skupna površina prodišč, na katerih smo opravili ukrep, je bila SPA population). The total surface of cleaned gravel bars was 14 14 ha. Rezultat so tudi izboljšane metode vodnovzdrževalnih del ha. New methods of maintaining bare gravel bars were developed, simultaneously enhancing Natura 2000 species and ensuring na prodiščih, ki koristijo vrstam Natura 2000, hkrati pa prispevajo k better flood safety. zagotavljanju večje pretočnosti struge in večji poplavni varnosti. 30 25 airs 20 No. p 15 10 . parov /Št 5 0 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Leto / Year 2 Na levem bregu Drave pri Krčevini pri Vurbergu smo odstranili večji A larger lateral stone enforcement was removed on the Drava kamnomet – bočno utrditev brežine – in tako ponovno omogočili left bank at Krčevina pri Vurbergu, enabling the formation of a nastanek naravnega rečnega brega na tem mestu. Takšen ukrep natural river bank. This pioneer action, performed for the first time in Slovenia, is paving the way for more sustainable water je bil opravljen prvič v Sloveniji in nakazuje spremembe v pristopu maintenance works in the riverbed, serving a double function upravljanja z vodami pri nas, v smeri zagotavljanja zadostnega of flood safety and nature conservation. Furthermore, available prostora za reko in ponovnega nastajanja habitatov v strugi z naravno sand banks are cleaned annually in order to preserve the best rečno dinamiko. Dodatno smo na mestih, kjer je to bilo možno, vsako breeding places for Sand Martins and Kingfishers. leto ročno, ob pomoči prostovoljcev, pripravili peščene stene in ohranjali gnezdišča za breguljko in vodomca. Rezultat ukrepa je 590 gnezdečih parov breguljk (povprečje v letih Our efforts yielded an average of 590 breeding pairs of Sand 2013−2017), kar pomeni skoraj trikratno povečanje celotne populacije Martins (in the 2013−2017 period), which is a threefold increase na SPA Drava v primerjavi z 200 pari, ki so povprečno gnezdili v of the SPA population compared to the long-term average of 200 pairs in the 2000−2012 period. After more than 20 years, the obdobju 2000−2012. Po zaslugi sistematičnega uresničevanja ukrepa Sand Martin is once again a regular breeder along the Drava river na več potencialno primernih lokacijah breguljka po več kot 20 letih between Maribor and Zavrč. The number of cleaned banks varied ponovno redno gnezdi v strugi reke Drave med Mariborom in Zavrčem. annually from 2 to 8, whereas their total length was a max. 700 m. Število pripravljenih sten vsako leto je bilo med 2 in 8, njihova skupna In the same period, the Kingfisher population increased by 25%. dolžina pa največ 700 m. V istem obdobju se je gnezdeča populacija vodomca povečala za četrtino. “Rezultat ukrepa je 590 gnezdečih parov breguljk, kar pomeni skoraj trikratno povečanje celotne populacije na SPA Drava.” “Our efforts yielded an average of 590 breeding pairs of Sand Martins, which is a threefold increase of the SPA population.” 3 Three river branches (side arms) that were connected to the Tri obstoječe rečne rokave, ki so bili v preteklosti povezani z matično riverbed in the past and were fully or partially silted, were opened, strugo, v zadnjih letih pa na stičnih delih z reko zasuti, smo ponovno restored and reconnected to the Drava River. Two were opened odprli in povezali z Dravo. Dva rokava (Vurberk, Mala vas) smo obnovili, downstream (Vurberk, Mala vas) and are now functioning as river branches, whereas one was opened upstream (Markovci pri odprli na spodnjem delu in tako sta nastala velika rečna zaliva oz. Ptuju), and is now functioning as a side arm. Their lengths are 500, zatona, enega (Markovci) pa na vtočni strani in tako je nastala dolga 800 and 2500 m, respectively. Restoration works took place in stranska struga. Dolžine rokavov so 500, 800 in 2500 m. Dela so bila 2014 and 2015. During the restoration, the ecological requirements opravljena v letih 2014 in 2015. Pri obnovi smo posebno pozornost of Natura 2000 qualifying fish species were carefully considered, i.e. the Bitterling, Spined Loach, and Asp. namenili ekološkim zahtevam kvalifikacijskih vrst rib Natura 2000 - pezdirka, navadne nežice in bolena. Mala vas 2013 2015 2016 Fish monitoring revealed that the ecological conditions for the Monitoring rib je pokazal, da so se ekološke razmere zanje po fish species improved after the carried out restoration. The renaturaciji bistveno izboljšale. Populacija pezdirka je postala Bitterling population became more stable and less vulnerable. bolj stabilna in manj ranljiva. Obnavljanje rečnih rokavov, posebej The preservation of cut-off channels, side arms and deep sections of the Drava is crucial for the successful conservation zatonov, se je izkazalo kot ključno pri ohranjanju pezdirka, nežice in of Bitterlings, Spined Loach and Asps. In the immediate vicinity of bolena. V neposredni okolici obnovljenih rokavov sta na vsaki lokaciji all three sites, 1–2 Kingfisher territories were re-established after gnezdila 1–2 para vodomcev, vsi trije rokavi pa so postali optimalno engendering their optimal foraging habitat. prehranjevališče vrste. The Common Tern population along the Drava River is completely Populacija navadne čigre na Dravi je popolnoma odvisna od dependent on management. The primary challenges are: the upravljanja. Zaraščanje umetnih gnezditvenih otokov, kompeticija encroachment of artificial breeding islands, competition with z rečnim galebom in invazivni japonski dresnik so bili izzivi v tem the Black-headed Gull, and invasive Asian Knotweed. Different management techniques were tested and with the help of projektu. Testirali smo različne pristope upravljanja in ob pomoči volunteers, the annual management was significantly optimized. večjega števila prostovoljcev prišli do novih učinkovitih rešitev. “55 prostovoljcev je sodelovalo pri aktivnostih in skupaj so opravili 680 delovnih ur za ohranitev čigre. ” “Altogether, 55 volunteers participated in the management, and invested 680 man hours to preserve the Common Tern. ” 4 Z aktivnostmi izboljšanega upravljanja nam je populacijo navadne As a result of improved management, 118 pairs of Common Tern čigre uspelo povečati na 118 parov leta 2017, kar je največ v zadnjih 14 bread at Lake Ptuj in 2017, which is the largest number in the letih. Povprečno število gnezdečih parov po izboljšanem upravljanju last 14 years. The average number of breeding pairs after the improved management (2013–2017) was 82, whereas prior to gnezditvenih otokov je bilo 82 (2013–2017), medtem ko jih je bilo pred it (2004–2012) the number was 54. Thus, the population was projektom 54 (povprečje 2004–2012), kar pomeni, da smo populacijo increased by 52%. Altogether, 55 volunteers participated in povečali za 52 % in jo s tem pomembno stabilizirali. 55 prostovoljcev the management, and invested 680 man hours to preserve the je sodelovalo pri aktivnostih in skupaj so opravili 680 delovnih ur za Common Tern. The construction of two new gravel breeding islands (total surface 2100 m2) at Lake Ptuj in 2014 contributed ohranitev čigre. K rezultatu je pomembno prispevala izdelava dveh considerably to this result, although this action was not financed novih prodnatih gnezditvenih otokov na Ptujskem jezeru leta 2014, s as part of the project. skupno površino 2100 m2, kar pa ni bila aktivnost, financirana s tem projektom. Pred projektom / Before the project Med projektom / During the project 140 120 100 airs 80 v/ No. p 60 . paroŠt 40 20 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 navadna čigra / Common Tern (Ptuj Lake) V letih 2014 in 2015 smo sistematično ugotavljali pojavljanje In 2014 and 2015, the Flat Bark Beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus škrlatnega kukuja vzdolž Drave z metodo preiskovanja odmrlih debel. was systematically sampled along the Drava River through Na območju Naravnega rezervata Ormoške lagune smo opravili the examination of beetle fauna under bark. An ecological experiment was performed in the Ormož Basins Nature Reserve ekološki eksperiment in testirali vpliv upravljanja z gozdom na to test whether its population could be increased by increasing populacijo te redke vrste. Na poskusnih enotah smo umetno povečali the amount of dead wood. količino odmrlega lesa in podrobno spremljali odziv populacije. Poplavni gozd v Ormoških lagunah in Šturmovcih se je izkazal za The riparian forest in the Ormož Basins NR and Šturmovci proved najpomembnejšo zgostitev populacije škrlatnega kukuja na spodnji to be the most important population stronghold of the Flat Bark Dravi. Ekološki eksperiment je razkril, da je dodajanje odmrlega lesa Beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus along the lower Drava. The results of the ecological experiment confirmed that the addition of dead lahko učinkovit ukrep za izboljšanje habitata škrlatnega kukuja in wood can be an effective measure in improving the habitat of druge favne saproksilnih hroščev, še posebej v mladih in degradiranih this species, as well as of saproxylic beetle fauna in general, gozdnih sestojih. especially in younger and degraded forest stands. 5 Grožnja: Izguba habitatov za vodne ptice v Ormoških lagunah 2 Threat: Loss of waterbirds’ habitats at Ormož Basins The basins of the former sugar factory in Ormož were created in Bazeni nekdanje Tovarne sladkorja v Ormožu, t.i. Ormoške lagune, so 1980 for the disposal of waste water. Soon, the basins developed bili izdelani leta 1980 za potrebe čiščenja odpadnih vod pri pridelavi into a nationally and internationally important breeding area and sladkorja. Čeprav umetnega nastanka so kmalu postali območje za stopover site for waterbirds. After the factory closed in 2006 and sugar production ended, the water supply to the basins was gnezdenje in selitev vodnih ptic in hkrati nadvse pomembno območje stopped, resulting in overgrowths with woody and herbaceous tako v slovenskem kot mednarodnem merilu. Po zaprtju tovarne vegetation. The basins became unsuitable for most waterbirds. in prekinitvi proizvodnje sladkorja v letu 2006 je bil dotok vode v More than half of regularly breeding species disappeared from bazene prekinjen, začeli so se zaraščati in izgubljati naravovarstveni the site and thus also from the entire Drava River. The following actions were taken to improve the situation. pomen. Več kot polovica redno gnezdečih vrst vodnih ptic je izginila z območja in s tem tudi z reke Drave. Naslednji ukrepi so bili izvedeni za njihovo ponovno vrnitev. Ukrepi & rezultati Measures & results First, a new water supply system was set up. The Croatian Najprej smo zagotovili nov dotok vode v Ormoške lagune. Podjetje company Hrvatska elektroprivreda (HEP d.d.) kindly allowed us Hrvatska elektroprivreda (HEP d.d.) nam je prijazno dovolila postavitev to build a water abstraction system on the banks of the Lake Ormož. We built a pipeline that conveys water from the Drava to odvzemnega sistema na nasipu Ormoškega jezera in zgradili smo the basins with a maximum flow rate of 240 l/s. That amount of cevovod, ki dovaja vodo iz Drave v bazene z največjim možnim water allowed us to create all the planned habitats for waterbird pretokom 240 litrov v sekundi. S to količino vode lahko ustvarimo vse conservation. načrtovane habitate za varstvo vodnih ptic. Waterbird habitats in the basins were restored and improved. Habitate vodnih ptic v bazenih smo obnovili in izboljšali. Izdelanih Six large breeding islands were constructed (with total surface je bilo 6 velikih gnezditvenih otokov skupne površine več kot 10.000 area of over 10,000 m2) and 30 additional smaller islands. Several hundred meters of ditches were excavated, creating optimal m2, 30 dodatnih manjših otočkov, izkopanih je bilo za več 100 breeding and foraging habitats for migrating waterbirds. Six metrov jarkov, s čimer so nastali kvalitetni habitati za gnezdenje in hectares of riparian forest were purchased, intended exclusively prehranjevanje vodnih ptic na selitvi. Kupili smo 6 hektarjev velik for nature conservation. Additionally, we restored a 200 m long del poplavnega gozda, ki je odslej trajno namenjen izključno varstvu backwater in the reserve with the aim of creating a habitat for the beetle Graphoderus bilineatus. narave. Dodatno smo na območju rezervata renaturirali 200 m dolg gozdni rokav s ciljem ustvariti habitat za ovratniškega plavača. “Izdelanih je bilo 6 velikih gnezditvenih otokov, 30 dodatnih manjših otočkov, izkopanih je bilo za več 100 metrov jarkov.” “Six large breeding islands were constructed and 30 additional smaller islands. Several hundred meters of ditches were excavated.” 6 Vzpostavili smo delujoč sistem upravljanja s habitati, ki obsega A functional habitat management system was set up, comprising regulacijo gladin vode v bazenih in pašo. Za nego habitatov s pašo of water level regulation in the basins and grazing. Altogether, smo postavili 12,8 km pašnih ograj, znotraj katerih se trenutno pase 15 12.8 km of fences were erected to control the grazing, which is currently carried out by 15 water buffalos. They are physiologically vodnih bivolov. Ti so fiziološko prilagojeni slabši kakovosti krme. Paša adjusted to low quality feed. Grazing started in 2014. A barn and poteka od leta 2014. Zgradili smo hlev in servisni objekt Naravnega service facility for the Nature reserve was built. rezervata. Maja 2017 je Vlada RS sprejela Uredbo o Naravnem rezervatu Ormoške In May 2017, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia adopted lagune in s tem je območje veliko 66,59 ha, postalo naravni rezervat a Decree on the Ormož Basins Nature Reserve, thereby declaring državnega pomena, kar je zelo pomembno za delovanje rezervata in these 66.59 ha to be a nature reserve of national importance and thus ensuring its functioning and development after the end of njegov razvoj po projektu. the project. 7 Restoring waterbird populations after the restoration of their Čeprav je obnovitev populacij vodnih ptic po renaturaciji habitatov habitats is a long-lasting process, expected to yield target dolgotrajen proces in se bo stanje v rezervatu sčasoma še izboljšalo, results only in the long-term. Nevertheless, the results achieved so že nekateri med projektom doseženi rezultati zelo obetavni. during the project are very promising. Soon after the restoration works, the surface of reedbeds, bulrush stands and other target Tako se je kmalu po obnovi površina trstišč, sestojev rogoza in vegetation types increased by several times (to 15 ha). In the post-druge želene obvodne vegetacije povečala za nekajkrat (na 15 ha). 2015 period, strong breeding populations of birds typical of these V obdobju po 2015 v bazenih gnezdijo močne populacije ptic tega habitats and important within the scope of the entire SPA have ogroženega habitata. Največje populacije na SPA Drava imajo tukaj bred here: the Great Reed Warbler (15–20 pairs), Savi’s Warbler (5 pairs) and Reed Bunting (2–3 pairs), whereas the basins are the rakar (15–20 parov), trstni cvrčalec (5 parov) in trstni strnad (2–3 pari), only breeding location of the Common Reed Warbler and Sedge samo v bazenih na panonskem delu Drave pa gnezdita srpična in Warbler along the Pannonian part of the Drava River. bičja trstnica. A constant influx of water has enabled breeding of several Stalni dotok vode je omogočil ponovno gnezdenje nekaterih endangered species that disappeared after the cessation of ogroženih vrst, ki so po opustitvi proizvodnje z območja izginile: sugar production: the Gadwall, Garganey, Shoveler, Little Bittern, konopnica, reglja, raca žličarica, čapljica, mala tukalica in grahasta Little Crake and Spotted Crake. Extensive stands of reed and bulrush are home to one of our largest populations of Water tukalica. Obsežna trstišča in rogozovja naseljuje ena naših Rail (10–20 pairs). The quality of the restored habitat was further največjih lokalnih populacij mokoža (10–20 parov). Dokaz kvalitete emphasized by the first breeding of Bearded Reedlings in 2017. vzpostavljenega habitata je tudi prvo gnezdenje brkate sinice v Here, the Marsh Harrier has its only regular breeding site in Sloveniji, zabeleženo leta 2017. Razen te specializirane vrste trstišč Slovenia. An increase in the water levels in the basins in summer 2017 significantly improved conditions for migratory birds, too. In tudi rjavi lunj na celotnem ozemlju Slovenije redno gnezdi samo Sep 2017, 550 waterbirds that rely on the basins as an important v Naravnem rezervatu. Z dvigom gladin v bazenih poleti 2017 so stopover site during their migration were foraging in the 5th basin se občutno izboljšale tudi razmere za seleče se vrste; tako se je (mostly ducks and Coots). Grazing helped establish one of the septembra tega leta samo v 5. bazenu prehranjevalo 550 vodnih largest complexes of extensively managed grasslands in the Lower Podravje region, giving a home to 4–5 pairs of Red-backed ptic (večinoma različne vrste rac in liske), za katere so bazeni Shrike. pomembna postojanka na selitveni poti. S pašo smo na območju rezervata vzpostavili enega največjih kompleksov ekstenzivnih travišč na celotnem ravninskem delu Spodnjega Podravja, kjer gnezdi rjavi srakoper (4–5 parov). 8 3 Grožnja: Vnemirjanje ptic s strani človeka Threat: Human disturbance of birds Različne oblike vznemirjanja ptic so bile na projektnem območju The disturbance proved to be particularly detrimental to the birds velik problem. (1) Nedovoljena vožnja z motornimi vozili po prodiščih in the project area: (1) the illegal use of motor vehicles on gravel med gnezditveno sezono in nezakonito izkopavanje proda. (2) bars during the breeding season and illegal gravel extraction. (2) Disturbance and destruction of Common Tern colonies, breeding Vznemirjanje in uničevanje kolonije navadnih čiger na nezakonito on the illegally built hunting platforms at Lake Ormož. These zgrajenih lovskih prežah na Ormoškem jezeru. Te preže so delovale structures functioned as population sinks, as all nests were kot ekološke pasti - čigre so na njih začele gnezditi, potem pa so jim destroyed by local fishermen during the year. (3) All forms of ribiči vedno uničili gnezda. (3) Vse oblike nezakonitega lova ptic na illegal hunting at Lake Ormož, mostly from the platforms and by the use of duck models and playback. Due to intensive hunting, Ormoškem jezeru, večinoma pa z lovskih prež z uporabo maket ptic in the number of wintering waterbirds gradually diminished from posnetkov, kar je dramatično zmanjšalo število prezimujočih vodnih 10,000–15,000 in the 1980s and the beginning of 90s to only ptic (z 10.000–15.000 osebkov v 80-ih in na začetku 90-ih let 20. 2,000–7,500 individuals. A large geese roost (up to 5,000 ind.) was stoletja na le 2.000–7.500 osebkov) in uničilo veliko prezimovališče completely destroyed. Despite the difficulty, we resolutely tackled this problem. gosi (do 5.000 osebkov). Kljub težavnosti smo odločno pristopili k reševanju teh dolgoletnih problemov. Ukrepi & rezultati Measures & results Osem prodišč na projektnem območju je bilo v preteklosti še Eight gravel bars in particular were seriously exposed to the posebej na udaru zaradi motornih vozil, vozečih v naravnem okolju, in illegal use of motor vehicles in the natural environment and to izkopavanja proda. Naštete aktivnosti so v strugi Drave protizakonite. the illegal gravel extraction. We prevented access to five gravel bars (Rošnja, Starše, Krčevina pri Vurbergu, Hajdoše, Placerovci) Motornim vozilom smo preprečili dostop do petih prodišč (Rošnja, by excavating ditches that simultaneously function as smaller Starše, Krčevina pri Vurbergu, Hajdoše, Placerovci) z izkopanimi jarki, side arms or water bodies, thus improving local biodiversity. ki hkrati delujejo tudi kot manjše stranske struge ali vodna telesa in Access to three gravel bars (Dvorjane, Zumrova jama, Placerovci) lokalno izboljšujejo biodiverziteto. Dostop do treh prodišč (Dvorjane, was prevented by a gate. At all locations, informative signs were erected to illustrate the importance of the measures. Zumrova jama, Placerovci) smo preprečili s postavitvijo zapornic. Na The extent of human disturbance at gravel bars decreased vseh mestih smo postavili izobraževalne table z namenom pojasnitve significantly – during the project, 4 pairs of Little Ringed Plover pomena ukrepov. and 1 pair of Common Sandpiper on average bred as a result of Obseg motenj na prodiščih se je bistveno zmanjšal - v obdobju this action. projekta so v povprečju vsako leto tukaj zaradi ukrepa uspešno gnezdili 4 pari malega deževnika in 1 par malega martinca. 9 BIOM, a Croatian non-governmental organization and a BirdLife Pri izvedbi aktivnosti na Ormoškem jezeru nam je pomagala hrvaška partner was engaged in implementing actions at Lake Ormož. nevladna organizacija BIOM, ki je partner zveze BirdLife International. They took care of the official procedures and managed to achieve Na Hrvaškem so vodili uradne postopke in dosegli, da so bile vse the removal of all illegally built platforms in 2014. Additionally, they performed an extensive awareness raising campaign, in which lovske in ribiške preže na Ormoškem jezeru leta 2014 odstranjene, saj 2,000 posters and 2,500 brochures were distributed in order to so bile črne gradnje. Dodatno so organizirali obširno ozaveščevalno in inform the wider public about the importance of the Drava River izobraževalno kampanjo, v kateri so razdelili 2000 posterjev in 2500 and abolition of illegal hunting. zloženk z namenom ozaveščanja javnosti o pomenu Drave in odpravi After the abolition of illegal hunting at Lake Ormož, the nezakonitega lova. populations of wintering waterbirds significantly improved. In the autumns and winters (Sep–Jan) of 2012/2013–2014/2015, Po odpravi ilegalnega lova na Ormoškem jezeru se je stanje only 2,300–4,300 waterbirds were recorded on the lake on prezimujočih populacij bistveno izboljšalo. V treh jesensko-zimskih average, whereas in the first season after the hunting abolition obdobjih (september–januar) v sezonah 2012/2013–2014/15 se je (2015/2016), this number rose to 7,300 waterbirds, with the highest numbers in November even exceeding 10,000 individuals. tu povprečno pojavljalo 2.300–4.300 vodnih ptic, v prvi sezoni po odpravi lova (2015/2016) pa 7.300 vodnih ptic, pri čemer so največja števila v novembru presegala 10.000 osebkov. 11000 10000 9000 rds 8000 aterbi 7000 o. w 6000 ic / N 5000 h pt 4000 3000 Št. vodni 2000 1000 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 3 IX X XI XII I IX X XI XII I IX X XI XII I IX X XI XII I 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Leto, mesec, dekada /Year, month, 10-day period 10 Pomemben ukrep na Ormoškem jezeru je bil tudi novembra 2014 In November 2014, a breeding island was created for the zgrajeni gnezditveni otok za navadne čigre na hrvaškem delu jezera. Common Tern in the Croatian part of Lake Ormož, thus critically Ta ukrep ni bil financiran s tem projektom, so pa aktivnosti v okviru contributing to the realization of the project goals, even though the action was not financed by the project. projekta močno prispevale k njegovi uresničitvi. Ecological traps for the Common Tern at Lake Ormož were Ekološke pasti za navadne čigre na Ormoškem jezeru so bile removed and an average of 63 pairs bred annually on the newly odstranjene in na novo zgrajenem otoku je v letih 2015–2017 v constructed island in 2015–2017. povprečju gnezdilo 63 parov navadnih čiger. “Po odpravi ilegalnega lova na Ormoškem jezeru se je stanje prezimujočih populacij bistveno izboljšalo. ” “After the abolition of illegal hunting at Lake Ormož, the populations of overwintering waterbirds significantly improved. ” 11 Grožnja: Vodnovzdrževalna dela, ki zmanjšujejo biodiverziteto 4 Threat: Water-engineering works unfriendly to biodiversity For decades, the natural course of the Drava River has been Desetletja so strugo Drave regulirali, odstranjevali in zniževali modified in different ways, e.g. by removing or lowering of gravel prodišča ter utrjevali bregove. Takšna t.i. vodnovzdrževalna bars and the construction of lateral embankments. The result dela še vedno potekajo in so večinoma utemeljena samo z of these interventions is the current riverbed, which is mostly channelled and uniform. These so-called “maintenance” water-zagotavljanjem pretočnosti in poplavne varnosti. Ker pri načrtovanju engineering practices still take place regularly and are based vodnovzdrževalnih del upoštevanje naravne dediščine ni praksa, on the assumption of securing unobstructed water flow and čeprav gre za območje Natura 2000, dela neposredno posegajo flood safety. Taking biodiversity into consideration has not been v habitate kvalifikacijskih vrst in vplivajo nanje. Naš izziv je bil part of the practice, even though the Drava is part of the Natura 2000 network, water engineering works undoubtedly affect its vzpostaviti sodelovanje z vodarsko stroko in izvajalci del ter doseči, qualifying habitats and species. It was our goal to establish a da bosta v prihodnje pri načrtovanju ukrepov upoštevana oba vidika, dialogue with water engineering specialists and to ensure that poplavna varnost in varstvo narave. both aspects are considered in the future, i.e. flood safety and nature conservation. Ukrepi & rezultati Measures & results The project partnership itself as well as support from competent Že samo projektno partnerstvo – nevladna organizacija DOPPS, authorities was promising for the emergence of a new paradigm VGB, VGP Drava ter podpora projekta s strani ARSO, danes DRSV, in future water management. We focused on the Drava River, je bilo obetajoče za nastanek nove paradigme pri prihodnjem for which harmonized nature conservation guidelines has been prepared as a result of a series of workshops, which were upravljanju z vodami. Osredotočili smo se na Dravo in v večletnem attended by experts from different areas of expertise. This procesu delavnic pripravili medsektorsko usklajene naravovarstvene is the so-called »detailed management plan« that defines all smernice za Dravo. Gre za t.i. podrobni načrt upravljanja s strugo possible measures in the riverbed while taking into consideration Drave, ki natančno definira vse možne ukrepe v strugi in upošteva both flood safety and nature conservation. It is the first such document to be prepared for any river in Slovenia and has been vidik poplavne varnosti in varstva narave. Takšen dokument je bil acknowledged by the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial izdelan prvič za katerokoli reko v Sloveniji in je bil s strani MOP-a Planning as the best practice example for other rivers. During the priznan kot primer dobre prakse za vse druge reke. V času trajanja project, the decree on the water management plan in the Danube projekta je bil sprejet Načrt upravljanja z vodami za RS (NUV II) in te and Adriatic river basin districts (NUV II) was adopted, which included our conservation guidelines as an obligatory basis for naravovarstvene smernice so bile vključene kot obvezno izhodišče za the Drava River. Dravo. Uredba o NUV II je dostopna na: The Decree on NUV II can be accessed at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=URED6964 Naravovarstvene smernice, kjer je kot obvezno izhodišče pri Dravi navedena t.i. Priloga 1 iz Akcije A6 projekta LIVEDRAVA, so dostopne na: The nature conservation guidelines in which Appendix 1 of Action A6 of project LIVEDRAVA is cited as obligatory, can be accessed at: http://www.mop.gov.si/fileadmin/mop.gov.si/pageuploads/ podrocja/voda/nuv_II/Naravovarstvene_usmeritve_VO_ ± Donava.pdf ! ! ! ! 12 5 Grožnja: Slabo zavedanje in znanje o pomenu narave reke Drave Threat: Low public knowledge and awareness about the importance of nature along the Drava River Znanje in zavedanje o naravnih vrednotah reke Drave, ki zbujajo Public knowledge about the biodiversity of the Drava River, its pozornost tako v Sloveniji kot tudi mednarodno (Natura 2000), je national and international importance (Natura 2000) is fairly low. v javnosti slabo. Še huje, ponekod naravovarstvena prizadevanja Worse yet, in local communities, nature conservation actions are still often viewed as an obstacle to development. An increasing javnost še vedno nekritično dojema kot oviro razvoju. Vse pogosteje number of initiatives and offers for different recreational pa se v zadnjem času pojavljajo pobude in celo ponudbe za različne activities along the river have occurred recently, which can be rekreacijske aktivnosti ob reki, kar je pozitivno, vendar je njihovo considered as progress, but only when performed with suitable izvajanje brez ustreznega znanja in poznavanja pravil varstva narave knowledge on nature conservation. Therefore, we invested much effort into education and educational infrastructure. lahko naravi škodlivo. Zato smo v projektu veliko truda posvetili izobraževanju in vzpostavljanju infrastrukture v izobraževalne namene. Ukrepi & rezultati Measures & results V projektu smo podprli pobudo za ustanovitev Krajinskega parka Within the scope of the project we supported the initiative for Središče ob Dravi. V ta namen smo skupaj z Občino organizirali the establishment of the Središče ob Dravi Nature Park. Several več javnih predstavitev primerov dobrih praks z drugih območij in public presentations of best practice examples from other protected areas were prepared together with the Municipality. priložnosti, ki jih ta naravovarstveni status prinaša. Pri tem nam We were aided by the inclusion of this part of the project area je pomagala tudi vključitev tega območja med pilotne primere v into study areas of the EU Pegasus project (Horizon 2020, www. EU projektu Pegasus (Horizon 2020, www.pegasus.ieep.eu), saj so pegasus.ieep.eu), where experts from the Biotechnical Faculty strokovnjaki Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani konkretno podkrepili in Ljubljana substantiated the development possibilities of the Nature Park. razvojne priložnosti Krajinskega parka. 13 More than 45 public presentations about the Drava River, Na območju smo organizirali več kot 45 javnih predavanj o Dravi, excursions and exhibitions were carried out in the project area, ekskurzij in postavitev razstave s skupno udeležbo čez 7.000 ljudi. with 7,000 people attending. Furthermore, we performed over 40 Dodatno smo imeli več kot 40 predavanj in terenskih ekskurzij za presentations and field trips for pupils and students, attended by over 1,800 youth. We organized two youth research camps in učence, dijake in študente, ki se jih je udeležilo čez 1.800 mladih. summer 2013 and winter 2015, attended by 38 pupils. A brochure Organizirali smo dva mladinska raziskovalna tabora, poleti 2013 in on the Drava’s biodiversity and project contents was published pozimi 2015, udeležilo se ju je skupaj 38 otrok. O naravni dediščini (60,000 copies) and sent to all households in the project area. We Drave in projektu smo izdali brošuro v nakladi 60.000 izvodov in jo filmed a documentary that has so far been broadcast six times on national TV and viewed by 136,057 people. Furthermore, we poslali vsem gospodinjstvom vzdolž projektnega območja. Posneli filmed a series of videoclips that can be viewed at the project smo dokumentarni film, ki je bil doslej šestkrat predvajan na website (www.livedrava.ptice.si) and YouTube channel. More programih nacionalne televizije in si ga je ogledalo 136.057 ljudi. Poleg than 250 project news were published on the webpage that was tega smo posneli serijo kratkih videospotov, dostopnih na spletni visited 28,000 times by 6,000 different people. The project has been presented at numerous info booths and events. strani projekta (www.livedrava.ptice.si) in YouTube-u, ki so pogosto ogledani. Objavili smo čez 250 projektnih novic in zabeležili več kot 28.000 ogledov spletne strani projekta 6.000 različnih obiskovalcev. Projekt smo predstavljali na številnih stojnicah in dogodkih. The project and the Drava itself were extensively covered by Veliko so o projektu in Dravi poročali mediji. Skupaj je bilo o dogajanju the media. The project activities were presented in 248 media na projektu objavljenih 248 prispevkov (145 v časopisih, 49 na radiu, outlets (145 in newspapers, 49 on the radio, 7 on TV and 47 on 7 po TV in 47 na spletu). Glede na doseg teh medijev ocenjujemo, da the internet). Based on their reach, we estimate that the project details were made available to 1.8 million people in Slovenia, so bile informacije o projektu dosegljive 1,8 milijona ljudem v Sloveniji, which is more than 85% of the national population. kar je več kot 85 % prebivalstva. The promotional activities were assisted by foreign experts from Pri promociji so nam pomagali tudi tuji strokovnjaki v okviru osmih eight LIFE project exchanges. projektnih LIFE-izmenjav. 14 Na Ptujskem jezeru, ki je obiskana turistična točka, smo izboljšali At Ptuj Lake, a popular tourist point, we set up bird-watching infrastrukturo za opazovanje ptic. Postavili smo ornitološko infrastructure. An ornithological tower and four educational opazovalnico in štiri izobraževalne table okoli jezera. Opazovalnico je tables were erected around the lake. The tower was opened for visitors by the Minister of the Environment and Spatial Planning 14. 10. 2016 odprla za javnost ministrica za okolje in prostor. on October 14, 2016. “Območje Naravnega rezervata Ormoške lagune smo primerno opremili za obisk javnosti – postavili smo štiri opazovališča, ki smo jih izdelali iz ladijskih zabojnikov.” “Ormož Basins NR was suitably equipped for public visits – four bird viewing platforms made of ship containers were set up.” Območje Naravnega rezervata Ormoške lagune smo primerno Ormož Basins NR was suitably equipped for public visits – four opremili za obisk javnosti – postavili smo štiri opazovališča, ki smo bird viewing platforms made of ship containers were set up. jih izdelali iz ladijskih zabojnikov. Uredili smo 1,5 km dolgo učno We established a 1.5 km educational trail, set up 14 larger and 17 smaller educational tables as well as models of birds and pot, postavili 14 večjih in 17 manjših izobraževalnih tabel, makete beetles, as well as arranged an interpretation centre, the so-ptic in hroščev ter uredili interpretacijski center – t.i. vrt rezervata called »Reserve Garden«, to demonstrate conservation practices za demonstracijo naravovarstvenih praks za vsak dom. Nekdanjo for every home. The former engine room of the waste water strojnico čistilne naprave smo preuredili v projektno pisarno z treatment plant was transformed into a project office and a small lecture room. A tactile model of Ormož Basins NR was created manjšo predavalnico. Za slepe in slabovidne smo izdelali tipni for the blind and visually-impaired. We published a guide in model Ormoških lagun. Izdali smo vodnik po rezervatu v slovenskem, Slovenian, English and German. angleškem in nemškem jeziku. 15 A socio-economic study made at the beginning and at the end Socio-ekonomska študija na začetku in koncu projekta je pokazala, of the project proved that the project significantly improved da se je med projektom pomembno povečalo poznavanje omrežja the public’s knowledge of the Natura 2000 network, LIVEDRAVA Natura 2000, projekta LIVEDRAVA, Ormoških lagun kot območja project, Ormož basins as an area important for birds and DOPPS, as well as support to the Ormož Basins Nature Reserve (NROL). pomembnega za ptice in DOPPS-a, povečala pa se je tudi podpora Naravnemu rezervatu Ormoške lagune (NROL). poznavanje DOPPS-a / knowing DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia podpora NROL / supporting NROL NROL pomemben za ptice / NROL important for birds poznavanje projekta LIVEDRAVA / knowing project LIVEDRAVA poznavanje Nature 2000 / knowing what is Natura 2000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% začetek projekta / beggining of project konec projekta / project end LIFE Narava in biotska raznovrstnost LIFE Nature and Biodiversity The LIFE programme is the EU’s funding instrument for the LIFE je finančni instrument EU za okolje in podnebne ukrepe. Njegov environment and climate action. The general objective of glavni cilj je s pomočjo sofinanciranja projektov z evropsko dodano LIFE is to contribute to the implementation, updating and vrednostjo prispevati k izvedbi, posodobitvi in razvoju okoljske development of EU environmental and climate policy and legislation by co-financing projects with European added in podnebne politike EU ter zakonodaje. LIFE Narava in biotska value. LIFE Nature and Biodiversity provides targeted funding raznovrstnost zagotavlja usmerjeno financiranje ukrepov za ohranjanje for species conservation actions, supporting projects aimed vrst v okviru projektov, ki so namenjeni ohranjanju ogroženih vrst iz at conserving threatened species listed in the annexes of the prilog Direktive o habitatih, Direktive o pticah in Rdečega seznama IUCN. EU Habitats Directive, Birds Directive and the IUCN European Red List. More than 400 listed species - everything from large Več kot 400 vrst, od velikih sesalcev do mehkužcev, je že bilo predmet mammals to molluscs - have been targeted at least once by a vsaj enega projekta v okviru programa LIFE. LIFE project. Natura 2000 Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is an European network of special protection Natura 2000 je evropsko omrežje posebnih varstvenih območij, ki so areas designated by the EU member states. The main jih določile države članice Evropske unije. Njen glavni cilj je ohraniti objective of the network is to conserve valuable biodiversity biotsko raznovrstnost za prihodnje rodove. Na varstvenih območjih for future generations. Areas of nature are protected with the aim to ensure conservation of plant and animal species and želimo ohraniti živalske in rastlinske vrste ter habitate, ki so redki ali habitats which are rare or endangered at the European level. pa so v Evropi že ogroženi. Evropska unija je omrežje Natura 2000 The EU has established Natura 2000 as a vital part of the uvedla kot enega od pomembnih delov izvajanja Direktive o habitatih implementation of the Habitats Directive and Birds Directive. in Direktive o pticah. Slovenija je ob pridružitvi Evropski uniji določila, Upon accession to the EU, Slovenia prepared a list of areas complying with the requirements of both Directives. kasneje pa dopolnila seznam naravnih območij, ki ustrezajo merilom obeh direktiv. 16 OBČINA ORMOŽ OBČINA SREDIŠČE OB DRAVI