OHaCqiietia 18/1 . 2019,25-46 DOL 10.2478/hacq-2018-0011 ^ sciendo Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Igor Dakskobler1 & Livio Poldini2 Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Juncetea trifidi, Julian Alps, Carnic Alps, Slovenia, Italy. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Juncetea trifidi, Julijske Alpe, Karnijske Alpe, Slovenija, Italija. Received: 25. 4. 2018 Revision received: 31. 10. 2018 Accepted: 12. 11. 2018 Abstract We conducted a phytosociological study of alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps. Based on a comparison with similar communities elsewhere in the Alps we described a new association Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, which we classify into the provisional alliance Doronico glacialis-Juncion jacquinii, order Festucetalia spadiceae and class Juncetea trifidi. The new association characterises moist shady grasslands in gullies and on ledges on limestone admixed with marlstone and chert, in the elevation range between 2000 and 2500 m, where the snow cover persists for extended periods. We distinguish three subassociations: -galietosum anisophyllae (the most calcareous form), -potentilletosum aureae (typical form) and -leucanthemopsietosum alpinae (acidophilic form on Werfen sandstones in the Carnic Alps, which is the most similar to the stands of the association Luzuletum alpinopilosae from the Central Alps). Izvleček Fitocenološko smo analizirali alpinska travišča v Julijskih in Karnijskih Alpah, v katerih prevladuje vrsta Luzula alpinopilosa. Na podlagi primerjave s podobnimi združbami drugod v Alpah smo opisali novo asociacijo Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, ki jo uvrščamo v provizorno novo zvezo Doronico glacialis-Juncion jacquinii, v red Festucetalia spadiceae in v razred Juncetea trifidi. Nova asociacija označuje vlažna osojna travišča v žlebovih in na policah na apnencu s primesjo laporovca in roženca, v višinskem pasu od 2000 m do 2500 m, kjer se dalj časa zadržuje sneg. Razlikujemo tri subasociacije: -galietosum anisophyllae (najbolj karbonatna oblika), -potentilletosum aureae (tipična oblika) in -leucanthemopsietosum alpinae (kisloljubna oblika na werfenskih peščenjakih v Karnijskih Alpah, ki je najbolj podobna sestojem asociacije Luzuletum alpinopilosae iz Centralnih Alp). Dedicated to the late Professor Tone Wraber (1938—2010), on the occasion of his 80th birthday 1 Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Regional unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, Slovenia. E-mail: Igor.Dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si. 2 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. E-mail: poldini@units.it 25 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Introduction Luzula alpinopilosa is a southwestern-European montane species, a character species of the class Salicetea herbaceae (Aeschimann et al. 2004b: 754). In Slovenia it is distributed only in the Julian Alps (Figure 1), at the elevation range between 1695 m (Spodnji Lepoc above the Bala valley) and 2500 m (Mt. Mangart). It occurs mainly on shady, gentle to very steep alpine grasslands, in snow beds with dominating Salix herbacea, in tall herb communities, rarely also in alpine heaths. The parent material in these localities is usually mixed; limestone is admixed with marlstone, claystone or chert. So far, it has been recorded in the stands of associations Salicetum herbaceae s. lat., Luzule-tum alpinopilosae s. lat. (= Luzuletum spadiceae s.lat.), Car-icetum ferrugineae s. lat., Aconito-Peucedanetum ostruthii, Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis, Gentiano pumilae-Salicetum serpillifoliae, Salicetum retuso-reticula-tae, Caricetum curvulae s. lat., Carici curvulae-Nardetum, Calamagrostietum villosae nom. prov. (Festuca nigrescens-Calamagrostis villosa ass. prov.) - mostly unpublished rele- vés by Tone Wraber and Igor Dakskobler in the FloVegSi database (Seliskar et al. 2003). Its occurrence in snow bed communities with Salix herbacea and an abundant moss layer is discussed in another article (Martincic et al. 2019), whereas this paper focuses on the phytosociological analysis of alpine grasslands with dominating Luzula alpinopilosa that we found under Mt. Mangart (mainly on the extensive grasslands of Jarecica) and on shady slopes of Mts. Skutnik (Soncni Jelenk), Zadnji Pelc, Plesivec and Bedinji Vrh, at the elevations ranging from 2050 to 2500 m, and observed from afar also elsewhere on the ledges and prominences of the rock wall of Loska Stena. We made 15 relevés. Slightly similar stands with dominating Luzula alpinopilosa were recorded at the elevations from 2000 to 2400 m in the Carnic Alps (Friuli Venezia Giulia) and provisionally classified into the association Luzuletum alpino-pilosae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 (Poldini & Vidali 1995: 167). In this autonomous region in the northeast of Italy, this species occurs more frequently than in Slovenia (Poldini 2002: 303). It was recorded also in the stands of associations Salicetum retuso-reticulatae, Sieversio- 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 1: Distribution of Luzula alpinopilosa in Slovenia (according to the data in FloVegSi database, authors B. Anderle, I. Dakskobler, A. Martinčič, A. Podobnik, B. Surina, B. Vreš, T. Wraber) and approximate localities of studied stands. Slika 1: Razširjenost vrste Luzula alpinopilosa v Sloveniji (po podatkih v bazi FloVegSi, avtorji B. Anderle, I. Dakskobler, A. Martinčič, A. Podobnik, B. Surina, B. Vreš, T. Wraber) in približna nahajališča preučenih sestojev. 26 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Oxyrietum digynae and Hieracietum intybacei (Poldini & Martini 1993). The association Luzuletum spadiceae Rubl 1911 in the Alps comprises initial communities of alpine screes, erosion areas, landslide areas, snow beds on silicate bedrock (Englisch 1993: 396-398, Pignatti & Pignatti 2014: 477). The association Taraxaco carinthiaci-Luzule-tum alpino-pilosae (Lasen 1982, Pignatti & Pignatti 2014: 476-477) is reported for the southern limestone Alps in northern Italy, in terrain depressions with long-lasting snow cover. The parent material is flint limestone. In the Austrian part of the Central Alps, in the Lower (Niedere) Tauern, in the Radstadt (Radstadter) Tauern Heiselmayer (1982) described the subassociation Luzuletum alpino-pilosae salicetosum retusae, whose stands are characteristic for silicate areas with an admixture of calcareous rocks and occurring on gentle to steep shady slopes at the elevations ranging between 2100 and 2300 m. Its differential species are Salix retusa, Silene acaulis, with a lower frequency also Sesleria caerulea and Carex sempervirens. Our syntaxonom-ic classification of the stands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa from the Julian Alps was based on the comparison with similar alpine woodrush communities in the Alps. Methods Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa were studied applying the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet 1964). The relevés from Slovenia were entered into the FloVegSi database (Fauna, Flora, Vegetation and Paleovegetation of Slovenia) of the Jovan Hadzi Institute of Biology at ZRC SAZU (T. Seliskar et al. 2003) and together with relevés from Friuli Venezia Giulia arranged into Table 1 based on hierarchical classification. We transformed the combined cover-abundance values with numerical values (1-9) according to van der Maarel (1979). Numerical comparisons were performed with the SYN-TAX 2000 program package (Podani 2001). The relevés were compared by means of "(unweighted) average linkage method" - UPGMA, using Wishart's similarity ratio. Communities from Slovenia and Friuli were compared with similar, already described communities in the Alps. We constructed a synthetic table (Table 2). Hierarchical classification was employed in this comparison as well, and the same method was used as in our comparison of individual relevés, but the measure of dissimilarity was also Jaccard's Index. The nomenclatural source for the names of vascular plants are the Mala flora Slovenia (MFS - Martincic et al. 2007), Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a,b,c) and Poldini et al. (2001) The nomenclature of Flora alpina - Sesle-ria caerulea was used for the taxon Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria (MFS) and Gnaphalium for the genus Omalotheca (MFS). The nomenclature of Vascular flora of Friuli Vene- zia Giulia was used for the taxon Achillea clavennae. Frahm & Frey (1992) and Martinčič (2003) are the nomenclatur-al source for the names of mosses, and Wirth (1995) and Suppan et al. (2000) for the names of lichens. The names of syntaxa follow Englisch (1993), Grabherr & Mucina (1993), Theurillat (2004), Surina & Dakskobler (2017), Šilc & Čarni (2012) and Mucina et al. (2016). In the classification of species into phytosociological groups (groups of diagnostic species) we mainly refer to the Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a,b). The geographic coordinates of relevés from Slovenia are determined according to the Slovenian geographic coordinate system D 48 (5th zone) on the Bessel ellipsoid and with Gauss-Krüger projection. All of the relevés discussed in this article were made in the alpine belt of the Julian and Carnic Alps. The geological bedrock in the study area is mainly calcareous, limestone and dolomite limestone, interlayered with more silicate rocks, marlstone, claystone and chert (Buser 2009), in the Carnic Alps Werfen sandstone and limestone. The studied communities occur on different forms of ren-dzina (rendzina on limestone with chert intercalations), and on Eutric or Dystric Ranker (Vidic et al. 2015). The climate is montane, with mean annual precipitation of 2500 to 3000 mm (Zupančič 1998) and mean annual air temperature of -2 to 0 °C (Cegnar 1998). The researched stands are usually covered with snow from November to June. The growing season usually lasts from the middle of June to the end of September (or beginning of October). Results and discussion Through hierarchical classification as demonstrated in Figure 2, the 15 stands of alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa from the Julian Alps (made by ID Igor Dakskobler and TW Tone Wraber) in Figure 1 and 8 relevés from the Carnic Alps (made by LP Livio Poldini) grouped together. Most of the relevés from the Carnic Alps, except for two, formed a separate cluster, so we marked the relevés from the Julian Alps TWID and the relevés from the Carnic Alps LP (Table 2, synthetic table). The following syntaxa were also arranged in the synthetic table: • BB Luzuletum spadiceae, Central Alps, Braun-Blanquet & Jenny (1926, Table 5, relevés 12-14) • CL Taraxaco carinthiaci-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Alps near Feltre, Lasen 1982 • PH Luzuletum alpinopilosae salicetosum retusae Heiselmayer 1982, Radstädter Tauern (Central Alps in Austria), Heiselmayer (1982, Table 8, Columns 3-5). The synthetic table does not comprise snow bed communities from the High Tauern, which Friedel (1956) classified as the association Juncetum jacquinii whereas 27 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) 0.850.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 ^ 0.55 ^ 0.5 CO = 0.45 » 0.4 1 0.35 D 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 ID ID ID ID ID ID TW ID ID ID ID TWTWTWLP LP ID LP LP LP LP LP LP Figure 2: Dendrogram of alpine grassland communities with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa from the Julian Alps (ID, TW) and Carnic Alps (LP), UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio. Slika 2: Dendrogram alpinskih združb s prevladujočo vrsto Luzula alpinopilosa v Julijskih Alpah (ID, TW) in Karnijskih Alpah (LD), UPGMA, Wishartov količnik različnosti (1-similarity ratio). Englisch (1993) discussed it in the framework of the association Luzuletum spadiceae. Friedel's relevé characterises a syntaxon with dominant Salix herbacea and Juncus jac-quinii, and indicates the presence of Luzula alpinopilosa, so it is clearly different from our relevés. Hierarchical classification was performed in two ways, by taking into account the constancy of species (Figure 3) and by taking into account only presence or absence of species (Figure 4). The results are not similar, but indicate that the communities with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa on mixed, calcareous-silicate bedrock are floristically distinctly different 0.8 H 0.75H 0.7 r 0.65r 0.6 r 0.55 0.5 0.45 7 0.4 r 0.35H 0.3 0.25H 0.2 r 0.15r 0.1 r 0.05 0.0 CL Figure 3: Dendrogram of five communities with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Alps, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio. Slika 3: Dendrogram petih združb s prevladujočo vrsto Luzula alpinopilosa v Alpah, UPGMA, Wishartov količnik različnosti (1-similarity ratio). 0.85- 0.8 r 0.75r 0.7 r 0.65H 0.6 0.55 0.5 ro 0.45r Ë 0.4 -. w w 0.35": Q 0.3 r 0.25r 0.2 -. 0.15 -i 0.1 " 0.05 0.0 TWID LP PH CL BB Figure 4: Dendrogram of five communities with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Alps, UPGMA, 1-Jaccard. Slika 4: Dendrogram petih združb s prevladujočo vrsto Luzula alpinopilosa v Alpah, Jaccardov količnik različnosti (1-Jaccard). from communities with this species on silicate bedrock and cannot reliably be classified into the same association. The relevés from the Julian Alps cannot be classified into the association Taraxaco-Luzuletum alpinopilosae either, because floristic similarity between them (according to Sorensen 1948) is only about 35%, even though the taxon Taraxacum carinthiacum also belongs into the section Taraxacum sect. Alpina that occurs in several relevés also in the stands from the Julian Alps. In terms of Sorensen's similarity index (1948) the floristic similarity of the stands from the Julian Alps with the stands of the subassociation Luzuletum alpinopilosae salicetosum retusae is only about 40%, although both compared communities comprise several shared diagnostic species (Salix retusa, S. reticulata, Juncus jacquinii, Geum montanum, Potentilla aurea, Homogyne alpina, Silene acaulis, Galium anisophyllum, Doronicumglaciale). The reason for low floristic similarity between these two syntaxa is that their stands occur in very different phytogeographical areas (Southeast Limestone Alps and Central Alps, respectively) and also in different ecological conditions. Considering only the presence and absence of species the relevés from the Carnic Alps are the most similar to the relevés from the Lower Tauern (Niedere Tauern) in Austria; when taking into account the species constancy, the similarity is smaller and the relevés group separately. As Salix retusa is very rare in the relevés of the stands from the Carnic Alps, classification into the subassociation Luzletum alpinopilosae salicetosum retusae is not optimal, because of the absent Taraxacum carinthiacum (Taraxacum sect. Alpina), nor can it be classified into the association Taraxaco carinthiaci-Luzuletum alpinopilosae. Because two of the relevés from the Carnic Alps are floristically closer to some of the relevés from the Julian Alps 28 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) (see Figure 2), other relevés from the Carnic Alps could also still be treated in the framework of the community from the Julian Alps. Based on the comparisons made, we classify the studied stands from the Julian and Carnic Alps into the new association Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae. Its diagnostic species are Luzula alpinopilosa, Juncus jacquinii, Geum montanum, Rhodiola rosea, Phleum rhaeticum and Trifolium pallescens. The geographical differential species are Doronicum glaciale, Homogyne discolor and Astrantia bavarica. Diagnostic species characterise nutrient-rich, moist and slightly acidic alpine grasslands on mixed geological bedrock in the (South)Eastern Alps. The nomenclatural type, holotypus, of the new association is relevé 9 in Table 1. The classification of the new association into higher syntaxonomic units is very problematic. According to the groups of diagnostic species (Table 3, Columns 1 and 2) the proportion of the species of the class Elyno-Seslerietea (including syntaxa Caricion ferrugineae, Oxytropido-Elynion, Caricion austroalpinae, Caricion firmae, Seslerion coeruleae) totals 28.44% (for the subunits from the Julian Alps), and 13.27% (for the sub unit from the Carnic Alps). The proportion of the diagnostic species of the class Juncetea trifidi (including syntaxa Nardion strictae, Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, Vaccinio-Piceetea and Oxycocco-Sphagnetea) is 24.74% (for the sub-units from the Julian Alps) and 43.33% (for the subunit from the Carnic Alps). The proportion of diagnostic species of classes Salicetea herbaceae and Thlaspietea rotundi-folii (including syntaxa Androsacetalia alpinae and Arabi-detalia caeruleae) is 18.63% (for the subunits from the Julian Alps) and 27.33% (for the subunit from the Carnic Alps). Beside these groups, at least in the subunits from the Julian Alps, there is a relatively high proportion of diagnostic species of the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea (10.4%) and of the order Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia (9.38%). According to this analysis classification into the classes Salicetea herbaceae or Thlaspietea rotundifolii is not possible. If we had to decide between classes Elyno-Seslerietea and Junce-tea trifidi, the last would have priority, because Juncus jacquinii and Geum montanum, two frequent diagnostic species of the new association, both belong into this class. There are two syntaxa of this class for the communities in the Southeastern Alps: Caricion curvulae Br.-Bl. 1925 (order Caricetalia curvulae), which includes alpine sedge swards on siliceous substrates of the Alps, and the Eastern and Southern Carpathians and order Festucetalia spadiceae Barbero 1970, which includes acidophilic subalpine and alpine species-rich grasslands of the Alps, the Carpathians and the Northern Apennines, with two alliances, Nardion strictae and Festucion variae (Mucina et al. 2016: 79). Our community does not fit entirely into any of these tree alliances, so we suggest a description of a new alliance Doronico glacialis-Juncion jacquinii all. nov. prov. (order Festucetalia spadiceae) with diagnostic species Luzula alpinopilosa, Juncus jacquinii, Leontodon helveticus, Geum montanum, Carex ferruginea, Festuca nigrescens, Salix retusa, Doronicum glaciale and Homogyne discolor. In the new alliance should be included species rich alpine grassland communities on mixed carbonate-silicate parent material and on moist (shady) sites with long snow cover in the (South)Eastern Alps (communities with relatively equivalent proportion of diagnostic species of the classes Juncetea trifidi, Elyno-Seslerietea and Salicetea herbaceae, including Thlaspietea rotundifolii, but with dominant species of the classes Juncetea trifidi or Salicetea herbaceae) We distinguish three subassociations of the new association: • galietosum anisophyllae subass. nova hoc loco with differential species Galium anisophyllum, Potentilla crantz-ii, Pedicularis verticillata and Koeleria eryostachia; also differential are other diagnostic species of the syntaxa Caricion austroalpinae, Seslerion coeruleae, Elyno-Sesleri-etea and also Arabidetalia caeruleae, which indicate predominantly calcareous bedrock and contact with alpine grasslands from the class Elyno-Seslerietea. The nomenclatural type, holotypus, of the new subassociation is relevé 5 in Table 1. • potentilletosum aureae subass. nova hoc loco, with differential species Potentilla aurea, Soldanella pusilla and Rumex arifolius. Its nomenclatural type, holotypus, is the same as the nomenclatural type of the new association, relevé 9 in Table 1, and characterises the typical form of a moist alpine grassland on mixed calcareous-silicate bedrock. • leucanthemopsietosum alpinae subass. nova hoc loco, with differential species Leucanthemopsis alpina, Hiera-cium alpinum and Arenaria biflora. Its nomenclatural type, holotypus, is relevé 18 in Table 1 and comprises relevés from the Carnic Alps that are floristically very different and could be classified also into the association Luzuletum alpinopilosae s. lat. Conclusions Luzula alpinopilosa is relatively rare in Slovenia and occurs only in the alpine belt in the Julian Alps, on areas with persistent snow cover where the soil is consequently moist and, due to silicate intercalations, also acidic. It is characteristic for snow bed communities (Salicetum herbaceae s. lat.) as well as for alpine grasslands in gullies and shady promontories classified into the new association Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae. Its classification into higher syntaxonomic units is very problematic, so we suggest a description of a new alliance Doronico 29 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) glacialis-Juncion jacquinii all. nov. prov. (order Festucetalia spadiceae and class Juncetea trifidi). Larger areas of these grasslands are on ledges under the ridge of the rock wall of Loška Stena (especially in its northeastern part, from Mt. Bedinji Vrh to Mt. Plešivec) and under Mt. Mangart, smaller areas also under several other summits. Their past development was largely the result of grazing of small ruminants, in particular sheep, and this impact is still evident today (regular grazing of sheep on Jarečica under Mt. Mangart, occasional smaller flocks on the ridge of Loška Stena from Mt. Plešivec to Mt. Bedinji Vrh). Shady ledges under the rock wall of Loška Stena are frequently visited also by chamois (Kozje Police under Bedinji Vrh). This high-mountain region is very difficult to access, so there are no other direct human impacts here. Syndynamically, these stands can be connected with the rusty sedge community (Caricetum ferruginae s. lat.), in places even with tall herb communities (Aconito-Peucedanetum ostruthii). They are the sites of several rare or endangered Red List species (Anonymous 2002): Carex curvula. Coeloglossum viride, Helictotrichon versicolor (= Helictochloa versicolor), Juncus trifidus, Luzula alpinopilosa and Trifolium thalii. Stands with the dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Carnic Alps in northeastern Italy are different in terms of ecology and species composition. Because some of them are classified into the subassociation Junco jacquini-Luzuletum alpinopilosaepotentilletosum aureae, it is, for now, possible also for other relevés from this area to be classified into the same association as the new subassociation -leucanthemop-sietosum alpinae. Povzetek Alpinska travišča s prevladujočo vrsto Luzula alpinopilosa v Julijskih in Karnijskih Alpah Fitocenološko smo preučili alpinska travišča v žlebovih in na osojnih pomolih na nadmorski višini med 2100 m in 2500 m v Julijskih Alpah (Mangart, Jarečica, Plešivec, Bedinji vrh, Zadnji Pelc, Skutnik/Sončni Jelenk) in Karnijskih Alpah, v katerih prevladuje vrsta Luzula alpinopi-losa in jih na podlagi primerjav s podobnimi združbami drugod v Alpah uvrstili v novo asociacijo Junco jacqui-nii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae. Njene diagnostične vrste so Luzula alpinopilosa, Juncus jacquinii, Geum montanum, Rhodiola rosea, Phleum rhaeticum in Trifolium pallescens, geografske razlikovalnice pa vrste Doronicum glaciale, Ho-mogyne discolor in Astrantia bavarica. Označujejo s hranili bogata, vlažna in nekoliko zakisana alpinska travišča na mešani geološki podlagi. Uvrstitev nove asociacije v višje sintaksonomske enote je nekoliko problematična, saj so v njej precej enakovredno zastopane diagnostične vrste treh oz. štirih razredov (Juncetea trifidi, Elyno-Seslerietea 30 in Thlaspietea rotundifolii, vključno z razredom Salicetea herbaceae). Predlagamo opis nove zveze Doronico glaci-alis-Juncion jacquinii znotraj reda Festucetalia spadiceae in razreda Juncetea trifidi. Razlikujemo tri subasociacije: galietosum anisophyllae z razlikovalnicami Galium ani-sophyllum, Potentilla crantzii, Pedicularis verticillata in Koeleria eryostachia, razlikovalne pa so tudi druge diagnostične vrste sintaksonov Caricion austroalpinae, Seslerion coeruleae, Elyno-Seslerietea in tudi Arabidetalia caeruleae, ki kažejo na prevladujočo karbonatno podlago in na stik s alpinskimi travišči iz razreda Elyno-Seslerietea, -potentilleto-sum aureae, z razlikovalnicami Potentilla aurea, Soldanella pusilla in Rumex arifolius, ki označuje tipično obliko vlažnega alpinskega travišča na mešani karbonatno-silikatni podlagi in -leucanthemopsietosum alpinae z razlikovalnica-mi Leucanthemopsis alpina, Hieracium alpinum in Arenaria biflora, v kateri so združeni le nekateri popisi iz Karnijskih Alp, ki so floristično precej drugačni in bi jih bilo mogoče uvrstiti tudi v asociacijo Luzuletum alpinopilosae s. lat. Na razvoj teh floristično za Julijske Alpe precej posebnih travišč je v preteklosti precej vpliva paša drobnice, predvsem ovac in ta vpliv se kaže še zdaj (pogosta paša ovac na Jarečici pod Mangartom, občasni manjši tropi na grebenu Loške stene od Plešivca do Bedinjega vrha in naprej Moreža). Na osojnih policah pod Loško steno (na primer Kozje police pod Bedinjim vrhom) se pogosto zadržujejo tudi gamsi. Drugih neposrednih človekovih posegov na ta težko dostopna pobočja ni. Sindinamsko so ti sestoji lahko povezani z združbo rjastega šaša (Caricetum ferruginae s. lat.), ponekod celo z združbami visokih steblik (Aconito--Peucedanetum ostruthii). So rastišča več redkih ali ogroženih vrst iz rdečega seznama (Anonymous 2002): Carex curvula, Coeloglossum viride, Helictotrichon versicolor, Juncus trifidus, Luzula alpinopilosa in Trifolium thalii. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the heirs of the late Prof. Dr. Tone Wraber for giving his manuscripts and professional literature to the safekeeping of the Botanical Garden of the University of Ljubljana, and to its director, Dr. Jože Bavcon, who allowed us to examine professor's legacy. We owe special thanks to Brane Anderle, Prof. Dr. Andrej Martinčič, mag. Andrej Podobnik, mag. Andrej Seliškar, Prof. Dr. Boštjan Surina and Dr. Branko Vreš, co-authors of Figure 1 and to Prof. Dr. Božo Frajman for his help with some literature sources. Anonymous reviewer helped us with valuable improvements and corrections. We also acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0236). English translation by Andreja Šalamon Verbič. 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J., Prus, T., Grčman, H., Zupan, M., Lisec, A., Kralj, T., Vrščaj, B., Rupreht, J., Šporar, M., Suhadolc, M., Mihelič, R. & Lobnik, F. 2015: Tla Slovenije s pedološko karto v merilu 1 : 250 000. Soils of Slovenia with soil map 1 : 250 000. European Union & University of Ljubljana, Luxemburg, Ljubljana, 152 pp. + maps. Wirth, V. 1995: Flechtenflora. 2. Auf. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 661 pp. Zupančič, B. 1998: Padavine. In: Fridl, J., Kladnik, D., Orožen Adamič, M. & Perko, D. (eds.): Geografski atlas Slovenije. Država v prostoru in času. Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana, pp. 98-99. 31 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Table 1 (Tabela 1): Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae ass. nov. 1 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of the relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %) : Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %) Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) Date of relevé (Datum popisa) E1 E0 2 ID 2165 NW 30 A Re 5 90 41 10 3 4 4 2 ID 2295 NW 35 A Re 5 95 34 3 2 o CN 90 22 64 49 54 22 ID ID 2172 2245 N NW 15 A Re 5 95 5 27 4 CN CO >-H O 45 39 56 22 ID ID 2195 2160 NW N 25 ALR Dy 15 AL Dy 100 100 35 AL Re 1 95 TW 2500 W 25 A Re 100 30 31 35 13 10 20 20 50 3 o CN 4 o CN 7 o CN 00 CN 3 8 9 00 F; 00 00 F^ F^ 00 Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) Coordinate GK X (D-48) c h rh a a oš el -J -J -Lo v ik r r c- r a a e a tni inj g g eiv g ut dn di n a n a n a k S a aZ e M aM aM leP aM ^ 8 8 F: F: F: F: F: 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 3 3 2 4 7 2 0 0 3 3 3 8 8 3 3 5 4 2 7 8 8 6 6 6 7 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 7 9 3 0 4 0 2 7 6 4 6 9 9 7 6 6 4 7 8 9 0 4 4 ,—i 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) SH Luzula alpinopilosa E1 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 JT Juncus jacquinii E1 2 3 t 3 3 JT Geum montanum E1 t 1 TR Rhodiola rosea E1 1 1 3 2 AC Trifolium pallescens E1 2 2 t 1 1 2 PaT Phleum rhaeticum E1 1 t AC Doronicum glaciale E1 t t ES Homogyne discolor E1 t 1 1 t ES Astrantia bavarica E1 1 t Differential species of the subassociations (Razlikovalne vrste subasociacij) SV Galium anisophyllum E1 t 1 t t t 1 1 ES Pedicularis verticillata E1 t 1 t t 1 1 SV Potentilla crantzii E1 t t t 1 1 CA Koeleria eriostachya E1 1 t t t 2 m m m 32 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 OA ON NO (N 2 9 4 9 NO 2 5 9 4 9 NO 2 8 9 4 9 NO 2 270583 270598 270601 6 P 7 P 7 0 5 9 6 2 P1 4 P 2 P 3 P 8 P 5 P ID ID ID ID TW TW TW LP LP ID LP LP LP LP LP LP 2185 2185 2180 2140 2125 2125 2050 2400 2420 2040 2190 2030 2010 2080 2060 2400 NNE N W NNE W W NW N S NE N S SW S SSW N 35 25 30 40 15 15 15 10 30 40 45 40 35 35 30 5 AL AL AG AL ALR ALR ALR A A AL WS WS WS WS WS A Re Re Re Re Dy Dy Dy Re Re Re Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Re 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 80 15 100 100 25 30 50 40 40 40 12 19 18 32 13 15 13 22 20 21 16 23 29 17 17 4 4 5 20 10 6 4 15 15 20 120 50 45 150 15 15 t^ 01 CN 00 cN t^ 01 CN 00 cN t^ 01 cN oo cN t^ 01 cN 00 cN 3 8 9 F; 3 8 9 F; 3 8 9 OA 0 7 9 CN 7 7 9 00 cN 7 01 cN oo cN 1967-68 1967-68 1967-68 1967-68 8 6 9 CO 0 7 9 CN Fi Fi 00 oo 00 oo F^ F^ 00 oo E E E S rt rt rt C C C e e e to to to rt rt rt 0 e -L -L -L JJ u U u E 1 1 1 rt "rt JJ JJ JJ CQ E E E ^r ^r F^ F^ F^ F^ 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 9 9 9 9 5 1 4 7 9 9 7 2 3 3 3 3 7 7 7 7 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 0 7 7 6 1 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 C ON O O co no ON co c ON no no co iS "m ~B c <3 o w rt $ CO "3 ^ £ s 5 5 co ON £ P3 ON P? U 2 S K 00 Hf ON 00 O t^ ON co c n ^ S 1 U 0 Tj co 1 1 S3 0 . 0 .r s u r. co ON co ON 5 c . 2 ,2 => u o oN S --3 £ § 3 u co ON a o N c U co ON c u co ON ^ £ (N co ON Pr. Fr. 4 4 4 3 5 4 5 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 23 100 1 1 1 1 + + 1 2 13 57 + 1 1 2 2 2 + + + 1 1 + + 15 65 r + 2 3 8 35 + + + 9 39 + 1 + + 1 8 35 1 + + + 6 26 + 5 22 1 1 4 17 + + 9 39 + 7 30 5 22 4 17 33 O Hacquetia is/i • 2oi9, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 JT Potentilla aurea El + MuA Rumex arifolius El SH Soldanella pusilla El JT Leucanthemopsis alpina (= Tanacetum alpinum) El JT Hieracium alpinum El ES Arenaria biflora El NS Nardion strictae Festuca nigrescens Coeloglossum viride Gentiana punctata Nardus stricta Agrostis capillaris Campanula barbata Alchemilla flabellata El El El El El El El + + + JT Juncetea trifidi Leontodon helveticus Anthoxanthum nipponicum El El l + + 2 l Campanula scheuchzeri El l 2 l l Helictotrichon versicolor (Helictochloa versicolor) El 2 Agrostis rupestris El + Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta El + Juncus trifidus El + Luzula spicata El + + Euphrasia minima El l + Carex curvula El Oreochloa disticha El Veronica fruticans El Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austriaca El Veronica bellidioides El Festuca cfr. pseudodura El Botrychium lunaria El + Primula minima El Jacobaea carniolica (= Senecio c.) El Phyteuma hemisphaericum El PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Poa alpina El 2 2 2 + l 2 2 Trollius europaeus El l 2 l Euphrasia picta El l Crepis aurea El Trifolium badium El l MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Leontodon hispidus El l l + l 2 Deschampsia cespitosa El Cerastium fontanum El Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia El Trifolium pratense El + Veronica serpyllifolia El LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Vaccinium gaultherioides El + l 34 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Pr. Fr 2 2 1 + 1 + + 1 9 39 + 1 1 + + + 1 + 8 35 + 1 + 3 3 + 6 26 + + + 1 1 1 6 26 + 1 + + 4 17 + + + + 4 17 2 1 1 1 21 2 1 + 2 + + + + . ++ 7 3 2 1 1 1 1 13 10 9 7 6 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 19 6 3 2 2 10 2 2 1 1 1 30 13 9 4 4 4 4 57 43 39 30 26 17 13 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 83 26 13 9 9 43 9 9 4 4 4 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 + + + + + 2 1 1 1 + + + + 1 1 + + + ++ + + 2 9 35 O Hacquetia is/i • 2oi9, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina El . . . . l . . Avenella flexuosa El Calamagrostis villosa El Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 t t Vaccinium myrtillus El t Peltigera leucophlebia E0 t Rhododendron ferrugineum E2 OA Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Carex pauciflora GF Caricion ferrugineae Cerastium subtriflorum El l t l Carex ferruginea El t Hedysarum hedysaroides El t t Phleum hirsutum El Gentiana pumila El l Trifolium thalii El OE Oxytropido-Elynion Carex atrata El t t l t Antennaria carpatica (incl. subsp. helvetica) El t t Gentiana nivalis El r t Lloydia serotina El t t Arenaria ciliata El t Elyna myosuroides (= Carex myosuroides) El GA Caricion austroalpinae Festuca calva El t Gfir Caricion firmae Silene acaulis El t t Dryas octopetala El t t Minuartia sedoides El t Veronica aphylla El t SV Seslerion coeruleae Achillea clavenae El l t t Juncus monanthos El r t Ranunculus carinthiacus El t t ES Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum El l l t l l l t Myosotis alpestris El t t l l Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El t t Cerastium strictum El t t Rhinanthus glacialis El t Agrostis alpina El t l Sesleria caerulea El l t Gentianella anisodonta El t t Selaginella selaginoides El l Aster bellidiastrum El t Bartsia alpina El t Gentiana verna El t Alchemilla exigua El 2 Astragalus penduliflorus El Acinos alpinus (= Calamintha a.) El 36 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Pr. Fr. 12 2 1 Pr. Fr. 4 17 4 17 3 13 2 9 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 3 13 2 9 2 9 2 9 1 4 1 4 5 22 3 13 2 9 2 9 1 4 1 4 1 4 3 13 2 9 1 4 1 4 4 17 2 9 2 9 14 61 6 26 5 22 5 22 4 17 3 13 2 9 2 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 + + + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + 2 37 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) I Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MuA BA CD MC SH AA ac AC TR Mulgedio-Aconitetea Viola biflora Geranium sylvaticum Peucedanum ostruthium Alchemilla xanthochlora Veratrum album Tephroseris crispa Adenostyles alliariae Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. ranunculifolium Epilobium alpestre Betulo-Alnetea Alnus alnobetula (= A. viridis) Salix waldsteiniana Caricetalia davallianae Parnassia palustris Montio-Cardaminetea Saxifraga aizoides Salicetea herbaceae Cerastium cerastoides Gnaphalium supinum Ranunculus aconitifolius Salix herbacea Androsacetalia alpinae Sedum alpestre Veronica alpina Cardamine resedifolia Geum reptans Gentiana bavarica Androsace alpina Oxyria digina Ranunculus glacialis Arabidetalia caeruleae Salix retusa Soldanella alpina Alchemilla fissa Salix reticulata Taraxacum sect. Alpina Arabis caerulea Carex parviflora Gnaphalium hoppeanum Pritzelago alpina subsp. brevicaulis (= Hutchinsia bre.) Saxifraga androsacea Soldanella minima Thlaspietea rotundifolii Festuca nitida Cirsium spinosissimum Heliosperma alpestre Achillea atrata Epilobium collinum Saxifraga oppositifolia E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E2 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 1 1 + + + + + + + + ac ac ac ac ac + + + + + + ac 38 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Pr. Fr. 9 10 11 + + + + + 1 + + 1 1 1 2 2 6 26 5 22 4 17 4 17 4 17 2 9 2 9 2 9 1 4 2 9 1 4 4 17 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 3 13 2 9 2 9 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 7 30 5 22 5 22 4 17 3 13 2 9 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 3 13 3 13 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 39 2 r + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) I Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AT Physoplexido-Saxifragionpetraeae, Asplenietea trichomanis PS Paederota lutea E1 PS Saxifraga tenella E1 AT Dianthus sylvestris E1 KC Atocion rupestre (= Silene rupestris) E1 AV Schlagintweitia intybacea (= Hieracium intybaceum) E1 QF Querco-Fagetea Poa nemoralis E1 O Other species (Druge vrste) Alchemilla sp. E1 Hieracium picroides E1 _Agrostis sp._E1 2 + Legend — Legenda L G ID Igor Dakskobler R TW Tone Wraber WS LP Livio Poldini Re A Limestone — apnenec ac D Dolomite - dolomit KC Marlstone — laporovec AV Claystone — glinavec Dy Chert — roženec Pr. Sandstone — peščenjek Rendzina — rendzina acidofilic species — kisloljubna vrsta Fr. Koelerio-Corynephoretea Androsacion vandelii Dystric brown soil — distrična rjava tla Presence (number of relevés in which the species is presented) — število popisov, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta Frequency in % — frekvenca v % Table 2: Synoptic table of the association Luzuletum alpinopilosae s. lat. in the Alps. Tabela 2: Sintezna tabela asociacije Luzuletum alpinopilosae s. lat. v Alpah. Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 15 8 18 10 3 Author of relevés (Avtor popisov) TWID LP PH CL BB SH Salicetea herbaceae AA Luzula alpinopilosa E1 100 100 Soldanella pusilla E1 27 25 Sibbaldia procumbens E1 7 13 Gnaphalium supinum E1 25 Salix herbacea E1 13 Cerastium cerastioides E1 13 Ranunculus aconitifolius E1 13 Pohlia drumondii E0 Polytrichastrum sexangulare E0 Kiaeria starkei E0 Androsacetalia alpinae Veronica alpina E1 7 13 Sedum alpestre E1 38 Oxyria digyna E1 13 Cardamine resedifolia E1 25 Gentiana bavarica E1 13 Androsace alpina E1 13 Ranunculus glacialis E1 13 Epilobium collinum E1 13 Geum reptans E1 13 Veronica alpina E1 100 72 67 67 33 67 100 80 40 30 80 60 10 61 100 100 67 67 33 33 33 33 33 100 40 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 . . . . + 15 16 17 18 19 20 +. .+ 2 21 22 23 Pr. Fr 1 4 1 4 + 2 9 1 + 3 13 + 1 4 + 1 4 3 13 + 2 9 1 4 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Doronicum clusii E1 100 Saxifraga seguieri E1 100 Saxifraga bryoides E1 100 Cerastium uniflorum E1 33 Primula latifolia E1 67 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae Trifolium pallescens E1 60 Salix retusa E1 40 13 100 50 Salix reticulata E1 27 56 Soldanella alpina E1 27 13 30 33 Taraxacum sect. Alpina E1 20 60 67 Alchemilla fissa E1 20 25 28 Doronicum glaciale E1 13 50 44 Carex parviflora E1 7 60 Arabis caerulea E1 25 20 Saxifraga androsace E1 13 50 60 Hutchinsia alpina s. lat. E1 13 50 Soldanella minima E1 13 10 Gnaphalium hoppeanum E1 13 Ranunculus alpestris E1 50 50 Taraxacum carinthiacum E1 60 Achillea oxyloba E1 50 Potentilla brauneana E1 50 Gnaphalium hoppeanum E1 30 41 O Hacquetia is/i • 2019, 2S-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Alchemilla glaberima El TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rhodiola rosea El Festuca nitida El Cirsium spinosissimum El Achillea atrata El Heliosperma alpestre El Leucanthemum atratum subsp. halleri El Arabis alpina El Thlaspi minimum El Doronicum grandiflorum El Saxifraga sedoides El NS Nardion strictae Festuca nigrescens El Coeloglossum viride El Agrostis capillaris El Nardus stricta El Gentiana punctata El Campanula barbata El Alchemilla flabellata El JT Juncetea trifidi Juncus jacquinii El Anthoxanthum nipponicum El Geum montanum El Campanula scheuchzeri El Leontodon helveticus El Potentilla aurea El Helictotrichon versicolor El Juncus trifidus El Agrostis rupestris El Euphrasia minima El Luzula spicata El Carex curvula El Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta El Botrychium lunaria El Leucanthemopsis alpina El Hieracium alpinum El Oreochloa disticha El Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austriaca El Festuca cfr. pseudodura El Veronica bellidioides El Veronica fruticans El Phyteuma hemisphaericum El Primula minima El Jacobaea carniolica (= Senecio c.) El Phleum alpinum El Poa variegata El Pedicularis kerneri El LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Vaccinium gaultherioides El Carex pauciflora El 1 2 S 4 S SS 20 7 2Î Í0 Í0 7 67 7 SS 22 20 10 10 27 S8 20 7 7 B SS 2Î B 22 B 7S 2Î 22 60 67 78 20 67 60 7S 72 Í0 tt B 72 100 tt 6S 61 20 100 tt B Í0 Í0 27 S8 11 10 67 20 17 B Í0 22 SS B 44 B 10 7 B 28 7 S8 7 7S 67 100 Í0 6 2Î 22 67 2Î 17 2Î 2Î 2Î B 11 20 SS B 72 B 61 S0 SS 10 SS 11 42 O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) OE CA CF Cfir SV ES Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 Loiseleuria procumbens E1 33 Oxytropido-Elynion Carex atrata E1 33 Antennaria carpatica E1 13 13 Gentiana nivalis E1 13 Lloydia serótina E1 13 Arenaria ciliata E1 7 Elyna myosuroides (Carex myosuroides) E1 13 Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya E1 27 Festuca calva E1 7 Caricion ferrugineae Cerastium subtriflorum E1 20 Hedysarum hedysaroides E1 20 Carex ferruginea E1 13 Phleum hirsutum E1 13 Gentiana pumila E1 7 Trifolium thalii E1 7 Festuca violacea E1 Caricion firmae Silene acaulis E1 13 13 78 Dryas octopetala E1 13 6 Minuartia sedoides E1 7 Veronica aphylla E1 7 Festuca quadriflora (F. pumila) E1 28 Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 6 Seslerion coeruleae Galium anisophyllum E1 47 25 28 Potentilla crantzii E1 33 Achillea clavennae E1 20 13 Juncus monanthos E1 13 Ranunculus carinthiacus E1 13 Festuca violacea agg. (F. norica ?) E1 22 Erigeronn neglectus E1 Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum E1 80 25 100 Pedicularis verticillata E1 47 Cerastium strictum E1 33 Homogyne discolor E1 33 Astrantia bavarica E1 27 Myosotis alpestris E1 27 25 50 Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus E1 13 38 Agrostis alpina E1 13 13 Gentianella anisodonta E1 13 Sesleria caerulea E1 13 33 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 7 13 Bartsia alpina E1 7 67 Aster bellidiastrum E1 7 44 Selaginella selaginoides E1 7 33 Gentiana verna E1 7 Alchemilla exigua E1 7 10 50 10 33 30 10 50 20 67 20 10 43 O Hacquetia i8/i • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Arenaria biflora El 50 Astragalus penduliflorus El 13 Acinos alpinus (Clinopodium alpinum) El 13 Ligusticum mutellina El 61 100 Ranunculus montanus El 50 100 Carex sempervirens El 17 CD Caricetalia davallianae Parnassia palustris El 27 MC Montio-Cardaminetea Saxifraga aizoides El 7 13 61 Arabis subcoriacea (A. soyeri) El 56 Saxifraga stellaris El 33 67 Alchemilla glabra El 20 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Rumex arifolius El 40 25 Viola biflora El 40 Geranium sylvaticum El 33 Alchemilla xanthochlora El 27 Peucedanum ostruthium El 27 Veratrum album El 27 Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. ranunculifolium El 13 Adenostyles alliariae El 13 10 33 Tephroseris crispa El 13 Epilobium alpestre El 7 BA Betulo-Alnetea Salix waldsteiniana E2 7 Alnus alnobetula (= A. viridis) E2 25 PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Poa alpina El 100 50 100 70 33 Phleum rhaeticum El 53 Trollius europaeus El 40 Crepis aurea El 13 Euphrasia picta El 7 25 Trifolium badium El 7 13 44 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Leontodon hispidus El 60 13 10 Deschampsia cespitosa El 13 78 Trifolium pratense El 7 22 Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia El 7 Cerastium fontanum El 25 Veronica serpyllifolia El 13 OA Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Carex pauciflora El 13 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina El 13 25 67 40 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus El 13 Vaccinium myrtillus El 7 6 Peltigera leucophlebia El 7 Avenella flexuosa El 50 33 Calamagrostis villosa El 38 Rhododendron ferrugineum E2 13 22 44 O Hacquetia i8/i • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Huperzia selago E1 33 33 Pleurozium schreberi E0 11 Luzla sieberi E1 10 Hyleucomium splendens E0 33 QF Querco-Fagetea Poa nemoralis E1 13 PS Physoplexido-Saxifragion petraeae, Asplenietea trichomanis PS Paederota lutea E1 7 PS Saxifraga tenella E1 7 KC Atocion rupestre (= Silene rupestris) E1 38 AT Dianthus sylvestris E1 25 AV Schlagintweitia intybacea (= Hieracium intybaceum) E1 13 O Other species (Druge vrste) Alchemilla sp. E1 20 Agrostis sp. E1 7 Hieracium picroides E1 25 Salix breviserrata E2 10 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Cladonia pyxidata E0 22 33 Solorina crocea E0 22 33 Cetraria islandica E0 33 Polytrichastrum sexangulare E0 11 Cladonia mitia E0 6 Cladonia furcata E0 6 Desmatodon latifolius E0 100 Bartramia ithyphylla E0 67 Sciuro-hypnum reflexum E0 67 Nardia scalaris E0 67 Nardia geoscyphus E0 67 Anthelia julacea E0 67 Blepharostoma trichophyllum E0 67 Lephozia ventricosa E0 67 Sanionia uncinata E0 67 Polytrichum juniperinum E0 33 Polytrichum piliferum E0 33 Ditrichum flexicaule E0 33 Plagiochila asplenioides E0 33 Brachythecium albicans E0 33 Brachythecium glareosum E0 33 Gymnomitrion varians E0 33 Racomitrium canescens E0 33 Peltigera aphtosa E0 33 Legend — Legenda 1 Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Julian Alps, Slovenia, I. Dakskobler, T. Wraber, this article 2 Junco jacquini-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Carnic Alps, L. Poldini, this article 3 Luzuletum alpinopilosae salicetosum retusae, Tappenkars, Austra, Heiselmayer (1982) 4 Taraxaco carinthiaci-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Dolomites, Feltre, Lasen (1982) 5 Luzuletum spadiceae, Central Alps, Braun-Blanquet in Braun-Blanquet et Jenny (1926) KC Koelerio-Corynephoretea AV Androsacion vandelii O Hacquetia 18/1 • 2019, 25-46 Igor Dakskobler & Livio Poldini Alpine grasslands with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) Table 3: Groups of diagnostic species in the communities with dominant Luzula alpinopilosa in the Alps (relative frequencies) Tabela 3: Skupine diagnostičnih vrst v združbah s prevladujočo vrtso Luzula alpinopilosa v Alpah (relativne frekvence). ¡Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 15 8 18 10 3 Author of relevés (Avtor popisov) TWID LP PH CL BB Salicetum herbaceae 5.69 10.0 9.75 19.3 13.7 Androsacetalia alpinae 0.3 7.65 5.13 4.09 15.7 Arabidetalia caeruleae 8.66 8.84 12.0 31.0 3.92 Thlaspietea rotundifolii 3.98 1.24 5.48 5.26 0 Nardion strictae 2.56 5.07 1.75 0 0 Juncetea trifidi 19.9 30.7 23.4 16.4 18.6 Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea 0.57 0.65 1.4 0 0 Vaccinio-Piceetea 1.71 6.26 5.48 2.92 1.94 Oxycocco-Sphagnetea 0 0.65 0 0 0 Oxytropido-Elynion 3.41 1.29 0 0.58 0 Caricion austroalpinae 1.41 0 0 0 0 Caricion ferrugineae 3.41 0 0 3.51 0.97 Caricion firmae 1.71 0.65 3.76 1.75 0.97 Seslerion coeruleae 5.41 1.89 1.59 2.34 0 Elyno-Seslerietea 14.5 9.44 14.5 5.85 10.8 Caricetalia davallianae 1.15 0 0 0 0 Montio-Cardaminetea 0.28 0.65 4.78 1.17 1.97 Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea 10.5 2.48 0 0.58 0.97 Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia 9.38 4.37 4.59 4.09 0.97 Molinio-Arrhenatheretea 3.7 2.53 3.19 0.58 0 Querco-Fagetea 0 0.65 0 0 0 Physoplexido-Saxifragion petraeae, Asplenietea trichomanis 0.55 3.78 0 0 0 Other species (Druge vrste) 1.14 1.24 0 0.58 0 Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) 0 0 3.19 0 29.4 Total (Skupaj) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Legend — Legenda 1 Junco jacquinii-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Julian Alps, Slovenia, I. Dakskobler, T. Wraber, this article 2 Junco jacquini-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Carnic Alps, L. Poldini, this article 3 Luzuletum alpinopilosae salicetosum retusae, Tappenkars, Austra, Heiselmayer (1982) 4 Taraxaco carinthiaci-Luzuletum alpinopilosae, Dolomites, Feltre, Lasen (1982) 5 Luzuletum spadiceae, Central Alps, Braun-Blanquet in Braun-Blanquet et Jenny (1926) 46