UDK 811.161.1'336.58
Hua nenbKoea / Yana Penkova
PoccuHcKaa aKageMHa HayK, hhcthtyt pyccKoro a3HKa hm. B.B. BHHorpagoBa amoena@inbox.ru
HMY, WbHY, CTAHY, EYffY: KOPnyCHOE HCCnE^OBAHHE nEPH®PA3 ByAYfflprO BPEMEHH B CPEflHEPyCCKOH nHCbMEHHOCTH1
B pa5oTe BnepBbie Ha MaTepuane CTapopyccKoro Kopnyca Ha^H0HaflbH0^0 Kopnyca pyccKoro «3HKa (RNC) npegnpHHATa nonbiraa onucaTb cucTeMy nepu^pacTHHecKHX KoHCTpyKUHH c pe^epeHUHeH k 6ygy^eMy (uMy + un^>, HaHbuy/noHbuy + unj>, yHbuy + un^>, cmany + un^>, 6ydy + uu^., 6ydy+n-ftopMa) h npocnegHTb ee ^B0flro^Hro. ^T0 no3BonHno BbiaBHTb pa3AHHHfl b ^yHKqHoHHpoBaHHH paccMaTpHBaeMbix K0HcTpyKU,HH, KoTopbie HeB03M0XH0 o6HapyxHTb TpagH^H0HHHMH (^HnonorHHecKHMH MeTogaMH. noKa3aHo, hto hh ogHy H3 nepu^pa3 b pyccKoM A3biKe XV-XVII bb. Henb3a npH3HaTb aHanHTHHecKHM 6ygyrn,HM rnaronoB HecoBepmeHHoro Buga. YcTaH0B^eH0, hto pa3pymeHue KoHcTpyKUuu 6ydy + n-^opMa ocy^ecTBHnocb k cep. XVI b., c 3Toro xe BpeMeHH Hanancfl npouecc neKcuKanroauHH BcnoMoraTenbHoro rnarona 6ydem KaK ycnoBHoro coro3a.
KaroneBbie caoBa: aHanuTunecKoe 6ygy^ee, HHxoaTHBHHe rnaronbi, npeg6ygy^ee (BTopoe 6ygy^ee), cpegHepyccKHH a3HK, HauuoHanbHbin Kopnyc pyccKoro a3HKa
In this paper, I attempt to describe the system of Middle Russian future periphrastic constructions (imu + inf., ucnu + inf., stanu + inf., budu + inf., budu + l-form) and to follow its evolution. The study was carried out based on material from the Middle Russian corpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC). It enabled me to discover the functional differences between future periphrases, something that cannot be done using traditional philological methods. I argue that none of the Middle Russian constructions in question (from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century) can be regarded as an analytical imperfective future. According to the corpus data, the fall of the construction budu + l-form took place by the 1550s, from which time the former auxiliary budet began to evolve into a conditional conjunction.
Keywords: analytical future, inchoative verbs, future anterior, Middle Russian language, Russian National Corpus
0. CpegHepyccKHH nepuog ucTopuu pyccKoro a3HKa - BpeMa 3HaHHTenbHoft nepe-ctpohkh Bugo-BpeMeHHoH cuCTeMbi. BaxHHMH acneKTaMH TaKoH nepecTpoHKu crano, c ogHoH ctopohh, $opMupoBaHue aHanuTunecKoro 6ygymero HecoBepmeHHoro Buga, a c gpyroH, yTpaTa npeg6ygymero BpeMeHH.
Ha py6exe XIV-XV bb. b naMarauKax nucbMeHHocTH BCTpenaeTca HecKonbKo K0HcrpyKUHH, KoTopbie MorjiH ocymecranaTb pe^epeHuuro k 6ygymeMy: xouy + uu0.,
1 Funding sources for this paper include Humboldt Foundation (Research Group Linkage Program "Digipalslav"', www.digipalslav.uni-freiburg.de).
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HaHbny + uh$., noHbny + uh$., uMy + uh$. u uMOMb + uh$. KaK noKa3anu uccnegoBaHua H.C. ropbeBOH [ropbeBa 2009], b gpeBHepyccKuñ nepuog Ha ponb rpaMMarunecKoro 6ygymero Morna npeTeHgoBarb TOnbKO KOHcTpyKqua uMy + un$., Torga KaK xony + untf). Bbipa^ana npeuMymecTBeHHO 3HaneHua ^enaHua, HaMepeHua u 6nu3KOH BO3-MO^HOCTH (npocneKTHBHMe), nanbny u nonbHy c hh^hhhthbom nepegaBanu $a3OBbie 3HaneHHa, a KOHcTpyKuna c uMaub, uMeBmaa MoganbHoe 3HaneHue, OTcyTcTBOBana b ®hbom gpeBHepyccKOM a3bme u ynoTpe6nanacb TOnbKO b khu^hoh nucbMeHHocTu.
B cpegHepyccKun nepuog nepenucneHHbie KOHCTpyKquu npogon^aroT ynoTpe-6naTbca b naMaTHuKax, u k hum go6aBnaroTca HOBbie nepu$pa3bi c pe^epeHuueñ k 6ygymeMy - HOBbie «KaHgugara» Ha ponb aHa^nTunecKoro 6ygymero HCB: hh^hhh-TuBHMe KOHcTpyKquu c BcnoMoraTe^bHbiMu rnaronaMu ynamu u cmamu. A k KOHuy cpegHepyccKoro nepuoga c humu HanuHaeT KOHKypupoBaTb eme ogHa KOHcTpyKqna - 6ydy + un$., 3aHMcTBOBaHHaa u3 nonbcKoro, Bepoarao, npu 3anagHopyccKOM no-cpegcTBe [Moser 1998].
B 3TOT ®e nepuog npoucxoguT TaK^e pa3pymeHue a6conK>THO-OTHocuTenbHbix BpeMeH - cBepxcno^Horo npomegmero (unu t.h. pyccKoro nnrocKBaMnep^eKTa) u npeg6ygymero BpeMeHu. B pe3yflKrare cuHTaKcunecKoro peaHanu3a BcnoMorareflbHbin rnaron 6ydy nepeocMbicnaeTca KaK ycnoBHbiñ coM3 unu MoganbHaa Hacruua 6ydem, 6yde (cBepxcno^Hoe npomegmee cTaHOBurca uctohhukom gpyroñ Hacruubi - 6uno).
^nb HacToamero uccnegoBaHua - onpegenuTb, KaK (^yHKuuoHupoBana u ^Bonro-uuoHupoBana cucTeMa KOHcrpy^uH c pe^epeHuueñ k 6ygymeMy b cpegHepyccKHH nepuog. 06ieKTOM uccnegoBaHua aBnaroTca nepu$pa3M c BcnoMorarenbHbiMu uh-xoaTuBaMu uMy, ynbny, cmany u 6ydy (nocnegHuñ - u b coneTaHuu c uh^uhutubom, u c .-$opMoñ), nocKonbKy uMeHHO ^Tu KOHcTpyKquu Morau npeTeHgoBaTb Ha ponb aHanuTHHecKoro 6ygymero HCB. ,3,aHHbie o gpyrux KOHcrpyKquax c uHxoaruBaMu, ocymecTBnaBmux pe^epeHuuro k 6ygymeMy (nanbnylnonbny + un$.), a TaK^e gaH-Hbie o nepu$pa3e c uMaMb, 6e3 conocTaBneHua c KOTopoñ Henb3a paccMarpuBarb uMy-KOHcTpyKquu, npu Heo6xoguMocTu TaK^e npuraeKaKrrca. nonHocrbK) 3a paMKaMu uccnegoBaHua ocraeTca TOnbKO KOHcTpyKqna xony + untf).
PyccKHH a3MK b cpegHepyccKHH nepuog BbicrynaeT KaK apKHH npegcTaBuTenb ce-BepHoeBponencKoro apeaba. .flga a3biKOB, npuHag^e^amux 3TOMy apeany, xapaKTepHO, c ogHoH ctopohm, ucnonb3OBaHue $opM npe3eHca gna pe^epeHuuu k 6ygymeMy (no 3toh npunuHe ^. ,3,anb Ha3Ban ero apeanoM «6e3 $yrypyMa» - «futureless area» [Dahl 2000]), a c gpyroñ - rpaMMaTuKanu3OBaHHMe KOHcTpyKquu co BcnoMorareflbHbiMu raaronaMu 'cTaHy' unu 'HanHy' [TaM ®e].
CpegHepyccKaa nucbMeHHocTb Ha ^TOM $OHe B^igenaeTca oneHb 6onbmuM Konu-necTBOM uHxoaruBHMx KOHcTpyKuuñ, ^yHKquoHupyMmux b oguH u tot ®e nepuog: uMy, nanbny, nonbHy, ynbHy, cmany - mo^ho roBopuTb o naTu KOHcTpyKquax c uhxo-aruBOMaMu b KanecTBe BcnoMorarenbHMx rnaronoB. KaK noKa3aHO M.H. ffleBeneBOH, KOHcTpyKuuu uMy + un$. u3HananbHO uMenu He MoganbHoe, a HanuHarenbHoe 3HaneHue ('B3aTb HTO-n. genaTb' ^ 'HanaTb hto-a. genaTb') [ffleBeneBa 2017]. ^THMono^HHecKH
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 571
6ydy TaK^e uMeeT hocoboh uh^ukc - noKa3axenb uH^muBHOCTu [Ky3He^B 2002], a n0flH03HaMeHaTe^bHHH 6yày MO^eT ynoTpe6naTbca KaK rnaron coBepmeHHoro Buga. OgHaKO b cocTaBe aHanmunecKoro 6ygymero, OHeBugHO, npegcxaBneH 6ydy, omohumuhhhh nonH03HaMeHaxenbH0My nep^eKTuBy u He aBnaromunca uHxoaTuBOM [Swan 2012]. HHaa tohkh 3peHua npegcxaBneHa b [Whaley 2000], KOTopaa o6bacHaeT ^paMMaTUKaflU3a^uM KOHCTpy^uu 6ydy + uh$. b cnaBaHCKux a3MKax TeM, hto 6ydy KaK pa3 6bin nepeocMbicneH KaK rnaron c uHxoaxuBHbiM 3HaneHueM u 6narogapa ^T0-My npuo6pen Ty ®e coneTaeMOCTb c uh^uhutubom HCB, K0T0pyM uMenu npoHue uHxOaTuBM.
OneBugHO, cocymecTBOBaHue TaKoro KonunecTBa cuhohumhhhhx KOHCTpy^un MO^eT o6"bacHaTbca TonbKO TeM, hto Me^gy humu cymecTBOBanu pa3nuHua, aBHbie gna ucn0^b30BaBmux ux boctohhmx cnaBaH. !3tu pa3nuHua mm u nororxaeMca Bbia-BuTb b HacToamen pa6oTe.
3aaBneHHbie 3aganu ygo6Hee Bcero pemaTb Ha Maxepuane CTapopyccKoro Kopnyca HKP.3 (RNC), cogep^amero 6onee 7 MnH. cnoBoynoTpe6neHun. npuMeHeHue Konu-He CTBeHHMx MeTogoB npu uccnegoBaHuu KOHCTpyKqun c oneHb 6nu3Kon ceMamuKon u cxogHMMu ^yHKqnaMu, khkobmmu aBnaMTca nepu$pa3bi uMy/yubHy/cmaHy/6ydy + uh$., aBnaeTca, no-BuguMOMy, eguHCTBeHHMM cnoco6oM, no3BonaromuM yBugeTb cucTeMHOCTb b TaKoro poga Maxepuane.
Pa6oxa cocxoux u3 gByx nacxen: nepBaa Hacxb nocBameHa nepn$pa3aM 6ygymero, npegcTaBnaMmuM co6oh coneTaHua BcnoMoraxenbHoro rnarona u uH^uHmuBa; bto-paa nacTb - $opMe npeg6ygymero BpeMeHu 6ydy + .-PTCP, KOTopaa b page gpyrux cnaBaHCKux a3MK0B (KanKaBCKOM Hapennu cepôoxopBaxcKoro, nonbCKOM, KamyôcKOM, 3anagH0yKpaHHCK0M, pycuHCKOM, CTapo6enopyccK0M XVII b.) ^Bonro^uoHupoBana b 6ygymee HCB, a b cnoBeHCKOM a3bme npeBpaxunacb b aHanuTunecKoe 6ygymee, coxpaHuB B03M0®H0CTb coneTaxbca c rnaronaMu o6oux BugoB.
nepu$pa3H c uMy CHuTaMTca apKon boctohhoCnaBaHCKon guaneKTHon nepron, Heu3BecTHon gpyruM cnaBaHCKuM a3MKaM 3a npegenaMu BOCTOHHOcnaBaHCKux [Andersen 2006]. OgHaKO nogo6Hbie KOHCTpy^uu c BcnoMoraxenbHbiM rnaronoM fog 'B3aTb' y^e c XIV b. ynoTpe6naMTca b BeHrepcKOM a3bme, b KOTopoM A. 3onraH npegnonaraex 3auMCXB0BaHue aHanoruHHon KOHCxpyKuuu u3 naHHOHCKux cnaBaHCKux guaneKTOB [3onxaH 1960]. KpoMe xoro, Ha HeKOxopbie CBugexenbcxBa cymecxBOBaHua TaKHx KOHCTpyKqun b gpeBHecep6cK0M TaK^e yKa3MBaeT E. Kp^H^KOBa [1960, 127].
MoganbHbie KOHCTpyKquu co BcnoMoraxenbHbiM rnaronoM uMaMb, mupoKO npeg-CTaBneHHMe b paHHen CnaBaHCKon nucbMeHHOCTu, uMenu 3HaneHue Heu36e®H0CTu, HeoTBpaTuMOCTu KaKoro-nu6o co6brraa unu - pe^e - gon^eHCTBOBaHua u, b OTnunue OT nepu$pa3 c uMy, 6binu ny^gbi ^uBOMy gpeBHepyccKOMy a3MKy u ynoTpe6nanucb xonbKO b khu^hoh ^pKOBHOcnaBaHCKon n^bMenHOCxu, cp. aHanoruHHyro KHu^Hyro MapKupoBaHHOCXb imam + infinitiv b ucxopuu cnoBeHCKoro a3MKa [Orožen 1965, 616].
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Bonpoc o BpeMeHu noaBneHna b pyccKOM a3biKe K0HCTpyK^HH cmany + uh$. aBna-eTca gucKyccuoHHbiM. TpagunuoHHaa ucropunecKaa rpaMMaTuKa npegnonaraeT, hto cmamu b coneTaHuu c uh^uhutubom noaBnaeTca He paHee XV b. Hnaa TOHKa 3peHna npegcraBneHa b crarbe A.M. MongoBaHa [MongoBaH 2010], b KOTopon npegnonaraeTca, HTO cmamu b coneTaHuu c uh^uhutubom, u3BecTHbin He TonbKO pyccKOMy a3biKy, ho u pagy gpyrux cnaBaHCKux m3hkob, - aBneHue cymecTBeHHO 6onee paHHee, ogHaKO nnoxo 3agoKyMeHTupoBaHHoe b naMaTHuKax.
B TOM ®e uccnegoBaHuu OTMenaeTca, mto ynbHy + un$. aBnaeTca peru0Hanu3M0M b BenuKopyccKon nucbMeHHOCTu: KOHCTpyKqua ynoTpe6naeTca b cpegHepyccKux naMaTHuKax CeBepa u ^nrpa npuMepHO co 2-h nonoBuHbi XV b. go 2-h nonoBuHbi XVII b. OgHaKO KOHcrpyKquu c ynbHy He 6binu orpaHHHeHbi TonbKO BenuKopyccKon TeppuTopuen, ho u3BecTHbi TaK^e b gpeBHecep6cKon nucbMeHHOCTu XIII-XIV bb. [Kfižková 1960, 127, 137].
B [Andersen 2006] Hanunue HecKonbKux KOHcrpyKnun c uHxoaTuBaMu b boctohhoc-naBaHCKux naMaTHuKax o6tacHaeTca gnaneKTHbiMH pa3nnHnaMH b ux ynoTpeôneHHn: pacnpocTpaHeHueM b ogHux guaneKrax u OTcyTCTBueM b gpyrux. OgHaKO pacnpege-neHue Me^gy humu cnegyeT npu3HaTb b He MeHbmen CTeneHu xpoHonorHHecKHM u CTu^ucTHHecKuM. B [MongoBaH 2010] noKa3aHbi crunucTHHecKHe pa3nuHna Me^gy pa3HMMu nepu$pa3aMu ^yrypyMa: b TeKCTax Ha CTaHgapTHOM nepKOBHOcnaBaHCKOM go XVI b. b coneTaHHax c uh^uhutubom npeo6nagaroT Hanamu, xommmu u uMmmu, b TeKCTax Ha ru6pugH0M nepKOBHOcnaBaHCKOM, b genoBbix u 6htgbhx - nonamu. OgHaKO curyanna b 6onee no3gHux naMaTHuKax b pa6oTe He paccMarpuBaeTca, paB-HO KaK u He CTaBuTca 3agana onpegenuTb MecTO KOHcrpyKquu ynamu + untf). b pagy gpyrux nepu$pa3 c uHxoaTuBaMu.
KoHCTpyKnua 6yày + untf). ^uKcupyeTca b cpegHepyccKon nucbMeHHOCTu cy-mecTBeHHO no3gHee, neM b gpyrux 3anagH0- u BOCTOHHOcnaBaHCKHx a3biKax: b gpeBHenemcKux u gpeBHenonbCKux ucTOHHuKax OHa u3BecTHa y^e c KOHna XIII b. H3BecTHa OHa u cep6oxopBarcKHM guaneKraM, OgHaKO M^HOcnaBaHCKHH Marepuan gna Hamux nenen HenoKa3areneH. H3 nonbCKoro a3biKa ^Ta KOHcrpyKnua 3auMCTByeTca b CTapoyKpaHHCKun u CTapo6enopyccKHH, b K0T0pbix ynoTpe6naeTca c KOHna XIV b. C XV b. MocKOBCKaa Pycb TaK^e HanuHaeT ucnbiTbiBarb BnnaHue nonbCKoro a3bma u Kynbiypbi. nepBbie npuMepbi ynoTpe6neHHa KOHcrpyKnuu 6yày + untf). b pyccKon nucbMeHHOCTu OTHOcaTca y®e k XV b., OgHaKO ohu orpaHuneHbi TeKCTaMu, uMero^uMu npu3HaKH uHTep^epeHnuu c npocTon moboh [Mo3ep 1998]. B co6cTBeHH0 pyccKne TeKCTM 6ydy + untf). npoHuKaeT He paHee XVII b.
1 nepH^paîti c pe$epeH^HeH k ßygy^eMy b cpegHepyccKOH nHctMeHHocrH (no gaHHUM Haiiiioiia. ii.iioio Kopnyca pyccKoro HîtiKa)
PaccMOTpuM HecKünbKü npuMepoB u3 CTapopyccKüro Kopnyca, cogep^a^nx o6cy®gaeMbie nepu$pa3bi c uHxoaTuBaMu:
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 573
1.	H Te6a, Begb, Ha ^uBia BbiMeHuTu He gna KpucTbaHcTBa—Ha KpucTbaHcTBo: th oguHb cBo6ogeHb 6ygemb, ga npuixaBb, no CBoeMy yBinbM .ro^aTB CTa-Hemt, a ^ubíh, npuixaBb, y^HeTi BoeBaTH, ga HeKonKo coTb KpucTbaHb nyTHu Te6a nneHuTb. [HBaH rpo3Hbin. nocnaHue BacunuM rpa3HoMy (1574)];
2.	A xTO ca HMeT oe^ymHBaTH cee Moee rpaMOTH, a y^HeT ca b Tex cenex u gepeBHax CTaBHTH cunbHo, u hto Ha Hero npoTopa B3MenraT, u a3 to Benra B3aTb Ha HeM BgBoe 6e3 cyga u 6e3 ucnpaBbi. [^anoBaHHaa rpaMOTa kh. ropna HBaHOBH^a Mmpononmy ,3,aHuuny Ha cBo6ogy ot nocToa u nogBog gna cen HrHaTOBcKoro u MuxannoBcKoro, b Bbimropoge, ^mutpobckoio y. (1526.02.11)];
3.	XoTa MHe o kotophx genex coBerauKH mou OTroBapHBaTH CTaHyT, u a3 ux He CTaHy c^ymara, a 6ygy ge^ara, hto rogHo 6paTy MoeMy, a BameMy rocy-gapM. [OrareHHbiH cnucoK A. nuceMcKoro (AHrnua) (1582-1583)].
B (1) b ogHoM KoHTeKcTe u b ogHon u toh ®e cummcunecKon KoHcipyKquu yno-Tpe6naMTca nepu$pa3bi c cmany u ynbuy, b (2) b ogHoM pagy oKa3biBaMTca nepu$-pa3H c uMy u ynbuy, b (3) - c cmany u 6yóy. OneBugHo, hto TaKoe cocymecTBoBaHue pa3Hbix KoHcTpyKuun b ogHoranHbix KoHTeKcTax He cBa3aHo hu co cTnnncTHHecKHMH pa3nunuaMu Me^gy humu, hu c TunoM Knay3bi. He geMoHcTpupywT KoHTeKcTbi u aBHbx ceMaHTunecKHx npoTuBonocraBneHun Me^gy nepu$pa3aMu.
,3,na Toro hto6h nonbrrarbca hrhtu KaKyM-To cucTeMy b TaKoM Ha nepBbin B3rnag «6e3pa3nHHHoM» ynoTpe6neHuu, nocMoTpuM Ha ^Tu KoHcrpyKquu b o6beMax Bcero cTapopyccKoro Kopnyca. OnpegenuM, KaKoBa oTHocuTenbHaa KonunecTBeHHaa na-cToTHocTb (token frequency) nepu$pa3 c pa3HbiMu BcnoMorarenbHbiMu rnaronaMu u KaKoBa ux gucTpu6ynua b pa3nuHHbix Tunax Knay3 (clause type frequency).
1.2.1. nacTOTHOCTt ynoTpeS^eHHH (token frequency)
OroBopuM HeKoTopHe npuHuunbi npu nogcneTax, KoropbiMu mh pyKoBogcTBoBanucb:
1.	^acroTHocTb oneHuBanacb oTgenbHo gna KoHcrpyKuuH c BcnoMorarenbHbiM rnaronoM b npe3eHce, KoTopbie ocymecTBnaMT pe^epeHnuM k 6ygymeMy, u gna KoHcTpyKunn c BcnoMorarenbHbiM rnaronoM b KaKoM-nn6o u3 npomegmux BpeMeH. TaKoe pa3rpaHHHeHue Ba^Ho gna nepu$pa3 c rnaronaMu ynamu, nonamu, cmamu, u nonyneHHbie pe3ynbTarbi ^TO y6eguTenbHo goKa3HBaMT (cm. Hu^e);
2.	MacToTHocTb KoHcTpyKquñ c $opMon 3 n. mh.h. uMymb, oraoca^eñca ogHo-BpeMeHHo k nepu$pa3aM uMy + un$. u uMaMb + un$., TaK^e oneHuBanacb oTgenbHo;
3.	MacTOTHocrb KoHcTpyKquñ cpaBHuBanacb no TpeM BpeMeHHHM cpe3aM: XV b., XVI b. u XVII b.;
4.	ynuTHBanocb He TonbKo a6conMTHoe, ho u oTHocuTenbHoe Konmecrao ynoTpe-6neHHH KoHcTpyKunn b tot nnn khok nepuog - npoueHTHaa gona 3thx ynoTpe-6neHun cpegu Bcex paccMaTpuBaeMHx nepu$pa3 c pe$epeH^ueH k 6ygymeMy.
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Pe3yjbTaTbi nogcHeTOB npegcraBfleHbi B Ta6ju^ 1:
Taôa^a 1: KojiHHecTBeHHaa u QTHocnTenbHaa HacTQTHocTb KOHCipyKUHH c hh^hhhtubom
BcnoMoraTejbHbm rjaroj	XV B.	%	XVI B.	%	XVII B.	%
HMy (KpoMe 3 j. mh.h.)	152	40 %	20	1.4 %	1	0.06 %
HMyTb (TOJbKO 3 j. MH.H.)	48	12.6 %	41	2.9 %	43	2.5 %
HMaMb (KpoMe 3 j. MH. H.)	114	30 %	204	14.7 %	106	6.2 %
noHbHy (PRS)	23	6 %	21	1.5 %	9	0.5 %
noHaj- (PST)	105		167		172	
HanbHy (PRS)	22	5.8 %	66	4.7 %	60	3.5 %
Hana (AOR.3SG)	333		872		271	
CTaHy (PRS)	0	0 %	57	4.1 %	221	14.9 %
CTaj- (PST)	4		42		178	
y^bHy (PRS)	21	5.5 %	964	69.4 %	1148	67 %
YHaji-(PST)	4		135		158	
Bygy	0	0 %	17	1.2 %	90	5.3 %
Bcero c pe^epeH^en k Sygy^eMy	380	100 %	1390	100 %	1712	100 %
,3,aHHbie Ta6ju^i KpacHopeHuBO CBugeTejbCTByMT o tom, hto noubHy + un$. u nouan- (PST) + un$. cjegyeT paccMaTpuBaTb KaK pa3Hbie KOHcTpyKquu. To ®e cnpaBegjHBO gja yubHy + un$. u yuan- (PST) + un$.
^ja BcnoMoraTejbHoro nouamu 6ojee rpaMMaTHKajH3OBaHM HH^HHUTUBHbie coneTaHua BcnoMoraTejbHoro raaroja b npomegmeM BpeMeHu (nogcHrnaHbi TOjbKO npuMepH c $opMaMH BcnoMoraTejbHoro raaroja b 3 j. eg.H aopucTa), hto cnpaBeg-jubo gja Hauamu/nouamu KOHCTpyKqun u b 6ojee paHHun nepuog [WpbeBa 2017, 21]. Hu3KOHacTOTHMe b npe3eHce noubHy/HaubHy + un$., OHeBugHO, He cjegyeT paccMaTpuBaTb b Hucje KaHgugaTOB Ha pojb aHajuTHHecKoro 6ygymero b cpegHe-pyccKun nepuog.
npoTuBonojo^Haa cmyanna Ha6ïïK>gaeTca gja BcnoMoraTejbHoro yuamu: koh-cTpyKquu c yubHy b pa3bi npeBocxogaT KOHcrpyKquu c yuan-(PST)2. yubHy + un$.
2 YHHTbiBajHcb TOJbKO cjyHau c BcnoMoraTejbHHM rjarojOM b n-^opMe, TaK KaK yuamu He ynoTpe6naeTca b naMaTHHKax b ^opMax aopucTa uju HMnep^eKTa - BBugy omohhmhh c HeKOTopbiMH ^opMaMH rjaroja yuumu u b ^jom HeKHH^Horo cTaTyca KOHcTpy^uu.
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 575
cnegyeT, c ïtgh tghku 3peHua, paccMaTpuBaTb b KaHecTBe rnaBHGrG npeTeHgeHTa Ha pGnb aHanuTHHecKoro 6ygymero: HacTOTHOCTb KGHCTpyKquu pe3KO B03pacTaeT k XVI b. u b XVI-XVII BB. npeBGcxogux KonuHecxBeHHO Bce gpyrne aHannxnHecKne $opMbi.
KaK BugHG u3 Ta6nuuH, ogHOBpeMeHHO c BbixogoM Ha aßaHcneHy KGHCTpyKqun c yubHy npoucxoguT MapruHanroanua KGHcrpyKquH c uMy. B HacTOTHOctu khu^hhx KGHCTpyKqun c uMaMb TaK^e Ha6nK>gaeTca CHu^eHue, ogHaKO He TaKoe pe3Koe, KaK gna KGHCTpyKuun c uMy. Ha ^TOM $OHe nerKO noHaTb, k KaKOH u3 gByx KOHCTpyKnun TaroTeMT ^opMbi uMymb + untf). OHeBugHO, hto b XV b. BcnGMoraTenbHbiH rnaron b $opMe 3 n. eg. h. uMymb eme CGOTHOcuTca OgHOBpeMeHHO c o6euMu KGHCTpyKquaMu, ogHaKG b XVI-XVII bb. oh y^e b ropa3go 6onbmen CTeneHu acconuupyeTca c uMaMb + un$., o hem kpachopehubg cbugexenbctbyrox pa3nuhua b hacxoxhocxu me^gy umymb + un$. u ^opMaMu gpyrux nun, a TaK^e GTcyTCTBue pe3Koro nageHua HacTOTHO ctu, cuMMeTpuHHoro gpyruM ^opMaM BcnGMorarenbHoro uMy.
B GTnuHue gt KGHcrpyKquH c nouamu u yuamu, nepu$pa3bi co cmamu He uMeK>T TaKux 3HaHuTenbHHx pa3nuHuH b HacTOTHO ctu Me^gy pa3HbiMu ^opMaMu BpeMeHu BcnoMorarenbHoro rnarona, xoTa b TeKCTax XVII b. KGHcrpyKquu c npe3eHCOM Bce ®e HeMHoro npeBGcxogaT KGHcrpyKnuu co cmm- (PST).
KoHCTpyKqua 6yày + un$. Ha $OHe gpyrux uMeeT caMyro Hu3Kyro HacTOTHOCTb b XVI b. B XVII b. cmyaqua KopeHHMM o6pa3OM He u3MeHaeTca (^aKTuHecKK pe3KKH CKaHGK HacTGTHGCTu ^uKcupyeTca numb b caMOM KOHne XVII b.), TaK hto no6ega ^TOH nepu$pa3H Hag yubHy u cmany npoucxoguT He paHee XVIII b. .nro6GnbrrHG, hto y^e b TeKCTax XVIII b. KGHCTpyKquu c BcnoMorarenbHbiM cmamb b npomegmeM BpeMeHu ynoTpe6naMTca noHTu Bxpoe Hame, HeM b npe3eHce, ycTynuB cbgu no3u-nuu nepu$pa3e 6ydy + un$., KOTopaa CTaHOBuTca npuMepHO b naTb pa3 HacTOTHee, HeM cmany + untf). (295 u 1443 npuMepoB c paccToaHueM b 1 mar cooTBeTCTBeHHO b Kopnyce TeKCTOB XVIII b.).
TaKuM o6pa3GM, XV b. no xapaKTepy ^yHKnuoHupoBaHua nepu$pa3 $yTypyMa eme b 3HaHuTenbHOH CTeneHu npuMbmaeT k gpeBHepyccKOMy nepuogy, Korga gchgb-hoh 6bina KOHCTpyKnua c uMy. B XVI-XVII bb. gchgbhhmu cpegcTBaMu Bbipa^eHua pe^epeHnuu k 6ygymeMy gna rnaronoB HCB CTaHOBaTca KGHCTpyKquu yubHy + un$. KaK Hau6onee ipaMMaruKanu3OBaHHbie u caMbie HacTOTHbie: yuamu OTnuHaeTca gt Bcex ocTanbHbix uHxoaTuBOB eme u TeM, hto BOBce He uMeeT nonHO3HaMeHarenbHbix ynoTpe6neHun BHe coHeTaHun c uh^uhutubgm.
^to Kacaexca xex ®e BcnoMoraxenbHbix rnaronoB b KGHCxpyKunax c pe$epeH^HeH k npom^OMy, to 3gecb cooTHomeHue He TaKoe, KaK b cucTeMe KGHcrpyKquH c Bcno-MoraxenbHHME rnaronaMn b npe3eHce: b XV - XVI bb. ocHOBHbiMn cnyrax conexaHna c Hauamu (nocHuTaHO TonbKO KonuHecTBO cnyHaeB ynoTpe6neHua $opM 3 n. eg. h. aopucxa), b XVII b. Hauamu ocxaexca caMbiM HacxoxHbiM BcnoMorarenbHbiM rnaronoM, hg u BO3pacTaeT gona KGHCTpyKqun c yuamu u - b oco6eHHGCTu - cmamu + uh$.
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1.2.2. CHHTaKCH^ecKHe KOHCTpy^HH (clause type frequency)
PaccMOTpuM nacTOTHOCTt nepn$pa3 c pe$epeH^ueE k 6ygy^eMy b pa3iEHHbix Tunax Kiay3. OopMbi 3 i. mh.h. uMymb, KaK u Bbime, paccMaTpuBaroTca OTgeibHO ot $opM gpyrux uun u nucei aHaiuTunecKux KOHcrpyKnuE c BcnoMorareibHbiMu uMaMb u uMy. nocKO^bKy pa3Hbie KOHcrpyKnuu uMeroT pa3Hyro HacroTHocrb b TeKcTax, mh pemuiu b gaHHbix nogcneTax orpaHEHuTbca npuMepHO 200-mu ciynanHO Bbi6paHHbix kohtckctob u3 naMMTHuKOB XV-XVII bb. TaKoe orpaHEneHue npuHaTO gia Tex KOHcrpyKnuE, gia kotophx o6mee nucio ynoTpe6ieHuE b naMaTHuKax BHme 200 (gia y^bny, uMaMb u cmany). OpueHTup b 200 KOHTeKcTOB npuHaT noTOMy, hto HacroTHocrb KOHcrpyKnuE c uMy u 6ydy pacnoiaraeTca KaK pa3 b uHTepBaie ot cTa go gByxcoT ynoTpe6ieHuE. Pe3yjibTaTH nogcneroB npuBegeHH b Ta6iune 2. noiy^upHHM BbigeieHbi TunH Kia-y3, b kotop^ix paccMaTpuBaeMHe nepu$pa3bi uMeroT BbicoKyro HacroTHocrb - uiu b cpaBHeHuu c gpyruMu TunaMu ynoTpe6ieHuE toe ®e nepu$pa3H, uiu b cpaBHeHuu c gpyruMu paccMaTpuBaeMHMu nepu$pa3aMu. nponemH npuBegeHH no oraomeHuro k o6meMy aHaiu3upyeMOMy o6teMy ynoTpe6ieHuE toe uiu uhoe nepu$pa3bi.
Ta6.m^ 2: ^acroTHocTb nepu$pa3 c pe$epeH^ueH k 6ygymeMy b pa3iHHHHx tu-nax Kiay3
	HMy	HMymb	HMOMb	yubuy	Cmany	Eydy
ycioBH^ift npoTacuc	34 19.7 %	10 7.5 %	7 3.5 %	60 30.5 %	65 30 %	12 11.5 %
npngaTOHH^ie BpeMeHH	3 2 %	4 3 %	1 0.05 %	7 3.5 %	18 8 %	8 7.5 %
OTHOOHTeibH^ie npngaTOHH^ie	130 75.5 %	32 24 %	8 4 %	116 59 %	50 23 %	19 18 %
npugaTOHH^ie H3^acHHTeIbH^Ie	0	13 10 %	9 4.5 %	1 0.5 %	0	5 5 %
ycTynuTeibH^ie	0	0	0	1 0.5 %	8 3.6 %	0
npunuH^i	0	8 6 %	20 10 %	0	1 0.4 %	1 1 %
^ieBbie c da (He)	0	2 1.5 %	3 1.5 %	1 0.5 %	0	4 4 %
Anogocuc ycioBHbix u cOOTHOcuTeibH^ix npegnoxeHuft	2 1.2 %	31 23.5 %	63 31 %	2 1 %	15 7 %	27 25 %
BonpocuTeibHbie	1 0.6 %	3 2 %	26 13 %	0	5 2 %	3 3 %
He3aBHCHM^Ie Kiay3H	2 1.2 %	29 22 %	65 32 %	9 4.5 %	57 26 %	28 26 %
Bcero	172 100 %	132 100 %	202 100 %	197 100 %	219 100 %	107 100 %
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 577
,3,aHHbie Ta6ju^i noKa3biBaK>T, hto nepu$pa3aMu c caMon mupoKon gucTpu6y^ueH 6biju uMaMb + uh$., cmaHy + uh$. u b 0C06eHH0CTH ôydy + uh$. _0momb-nepu$pa3a, KaK u3BecTH0, orpaHHneHa TojbKo khhxhoh c^epon u ynoTpeÔjaeTca npeuMy^ecTBeHHO b He3aBucuMbix npegjo^eHuax u b anogocuce ycjoBHbix KoHcrpy^uH. HMCMb + un$. 6brna TaK^e KoHcTpyKuuen, Hau6ojee TunuHHon gja u3"bacHUTejbHbix npugaTOHHbix.
^My-nepu$pa3a uMeeT y3Kyro c$epy ynoTpe6ïïeHun: 0Ha cneuuaïïroupoBaïïacb Ha ycTOBHbix u 0TH0cuTejbHbix npugaroHHbix. B ocTajbHbix Tunax Kjay3 ee yno-Tpe6^eHHa eguHHHHM.
KaK 6bijo n0Ka3aH0 Barne, y^bhy-KoHcrpyKUHa xporeraoraHecKH cMeHaeT umy-K0H-crpyKuuK». ^T0 nogTBep^gaeTca u b c$epe cuHTaKcuca: ynbny + u«0. c^e^uaJU3upyeTca Ha Tex ®e Tunax Kjay3, hto u uMy + un$. (ycjoBHbix u oTHocuTejbHbix npugaroHHbix) u MapruHajbHa b He3aBucuMbix npegjo^eHuax. TaKaa cneuuaïïroaqha Ha ^ohobmx KoHTeKcTax noKa3bBaeT, hto ynbHy + uh$. noaBujacb uMeHHo KaK 3aMeHa «cTapon» uMy-K0HcTpyKuuu, u 06e nepu$pa3M mo^ho Ha3BaTb HeaccepTHBHUM c^oxhum Sygy^HM gra ^ohobux KOHTeKCTOB - aHajoroM «BToporo 6ygymero» (futur drugi) b coBpeMeHHoM cep6oxopBaTcK0M a3bKe.
CmaHy-nepu$pa3a npegcTaBjeHa npuMepHo b paBHon cTeneHu mupoKo b caMbix pa3Hax cuHTaKcnHecKHx Tunax npegjo^eHUH c He6ojbmon TeHgeHuuen k cneuua-jroaquu Ha ycjoBHbix, BpeMeHHbix u 0TH0cuTejbHbix npugaroHHbix.
B accepTUBHbix KoHTeKcTax ynoTpe6jajucb Hapagy c khh»:hoh wMaMb-K0HcrpyK-uuen, npe^ge Bcero, cmaHy- u ôyày- nepu$pa3bi. 06e nepu$pa3bi b uejoM b XVII b. uMeroT Bce e^e g0B0JbH0 HU3Kyro HacTOTHocrb, hto He n03B0jaeT npu3HaTb hu ogHy u3 hux rpaMMaTuKa^u30BaHHMM 6ygymuM. 3aMeTH0, ogHaKo, KaK ohu nocTeneHHo BMTecHaMT uM0Mb-K0HcTpyKquM: ee HacT0TH0cTb cHu^aeTca uMeHHo b XVII b. (cm. Ta6^uuy 1 Bame). EguHcTBeHHbiM cymecTBeHHbiM pa3JHHueM Me^gy cmaHy- u ôydy-nepu$pa3aMu aBjaeTca to, hto cmamu uMeeT B03M0®H0CTb coHeTaTbca c hh-^hhhthbom He T0^bK0 b npe3eHce, ho h b npomegmeM BpeMeHH. He o6Hapy®uBaeTca u cTu^ucTHHecKHx pa3ïïHHUH Me^gy cmaHy + uh$. u ôydy + uh$.: 06e nepu$pa3bi npegcTaB^eHH b Kopnyce u b gejoBbix naMaTHUKax, u b jieTonucax, u b ucTopuHecKux noBecTax, u b ^HTuax.
nonpo6yeM Bce ®e Hamu to, hto pa3JHHajo cmaHy + uh$. u ôydy + uh$. u TeM caMbiM BocnpenaTcTBoBajo nepBon 3aHaTb MecTo cjo^Horo 6ygymero, ycTynuB MecTo ôydy + uh$. 3Ta npo6jeMa y^e 3arparuBajacb b pa6oTe 0. CBaHa, kotopmh npuxoguT k BbiBogy, hto ôydy KaK Hau6ojee «nycroH», He uMero^ua HUKaKHx mo-gajbH0-$a30BMx 0TTeHK0B BcnoMorareïïbHbiH rjaroj 3aMeHaeT cmaHy b coHeTaHuax c HH^HHHTHBaMH HecoBepmeHHoro Buga: 3auMcTByeMaa nojbcKo-pyTeHcKaa Mogejb KaK 6bi HaKjagbBaeTca Ha BejuKopyccKyro [Swan 2012].
Ha Marepuaje coBpeMeHHoro pyccKoro a3MKa pa3JHHua Me^gy cmaHy u ôydy nogpo6H0 uccjegoBaHbi b pa6oTax H. Ctohhoboh. n0Ka3aH0, hto cmamb, b oTjHHue
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OT 6bimb, TpeÖyeT KOHTeKCTa C CUjbHblM UHxOaTUBHbIM KOMnOHeHTOM (aKUeHTOM Ha HanajbHOH $a3e) u OTHerauBoro KOHTpaCTa C HacToamuM. no ïtoh npunuHe cmany, B OTjunue OT 6ydy, He ynoTpe6jaeTca C raarojaMu «nocroaHHoro OTHomeHua», b reHepunecRux KOHTeKCTax u b o6me$aKTUHecKOM 3HaneHuu. ^Tu orpaHuneHua Ha ynoxpe6jeHue cmany + un$. MoryT, ogHaKO, CHuMaTbCa b oxpuuaxejbHbix KOHxeKCxax: '6ygeT uMeTb MeCTo' ^ 'HanHeTca'; 'He 6ygeT uMeTb MeCTa' ~ 'He HanHeTca'; - araya-ju3yeTCa KOHTpaCT C MOMeHTOM penu uju C o^ugaHuaMu agpecara [CroHHOBa 2016].
no-BuguMOMy, yKa3aHHoe Bbime bo MHoroM cnpaBegjuBO u gja a3bma paccMa-TpuBaeMoro nepuoga, HeCMOTpa Ha to hto cmamu uMej b ^TO BpeMa 6o jee mupoKyro COHeTaeMOCTb b CpaBHeHuu C coBpeMeHHbiM cmamb, oh He ynoTpe6jajca C npegu-KaxaMu noCToaHHoro OTHomeHHa Tuna noà.e^amu, yMmmu (4-5) u b reHepunecRux KOHTeKCTax (6-7), b KOTopbix BO3MO®Ha nepu$pa3a 6ydy + uh$.:
4.	"A^e,—MOïïBjro,—u go6ygy rpeuKUM yMiromaro, a6o jiaxuHCKHM, ho cjOBeHb-ckuh he ßygyt ymtth" [ÄHgpen Kyp6cKUH. nocjaHue MapKy Capbixo3UHy (1564-1583)];
5.	ame iepoMOHaxt nogae^ara ßygeTt u3Bep®eHÍK>, u Toro nocjaxu u3t MOHacxbipa ko apxiepero [rpaMOTa nuTupuMa, MUTponojuTa HOBropogCKoro u BejuKOjyn-Koro, b HBepCKHH MOHacTbipb o 3anpemeHuu uHOKaM u uHOKHHaM npo^uBarb y MupCKHx nrogen u o Hag3ope 3a MOHacTbipcKUM 6jaroHecTueM (1668)];
6.	nogo6aeT BaM, gep^amuMca ux, nonuTaromuM ux, cjy^amuM ux, orHeM co^u-raxu BMeCTO Co6a, to CaMu He ßygeTe ropeTH b ßecKoHe^Htie BeKH, ga u 3ge npuuMUTe 6jarogaxb 6o®uro [BejbCKUH jeTonucen (1630-1635)];
7.	Ta jO3a 3HaMeHyeT, u^e u3 Moero pogy 6ygeT MHoro rocygapen, BCaKO ®e, ag-HaKO 3aece^^a oguH ßygeT gpyraro nepeMoraTt, aKO Ta jO3a yKa3yeT [HcTopua BKpaxne o BoxeMe (1650-1675)].
npu ^TOM Hejb3a He o6paxuTb BHUMaHue Ha tot ^arcr, hto BCe nponuTupoBaHHbie BHme UCTOHHUKU b Ton uju UHOË CTeneHu CBa3aHH C 3anagHopyCCKUMu TeppuTopuaMu.
2. nc|)ii<|)|);na 6ydy + n-PTCP
OopMbi npeg6ygymero (Bxoporo 6ygymero, cjo^hofo 6ygymero II) npegcxaBjarox co6oh aHajuTuneCKyro KOHCTpyKnuro, BO3HUKmyro eme b npacjaBaHCKOM a3HKe, ko-xopaa o6pa3yexca c noMombro BcnoMoraxejbHoro rjjaroja ox ochobh 6yd- b npe3eHce u .-npunacTua (Hu^e - 6ydy + .-PTCP3), cp.:
8.	ame no MoeMb wmecTBuu CBfcra cero ame 6ygy By" ojrogH.t u iipnia. ii> ma 6y-geTt Bt, to no MoeMb wmecTBuu MaHacTbipb ca HanHeTb CTpouTu u npu6biBaru [noBecTb BpeMeHHHx jeT].
3 O caMoCToaTejbHOM ynoTpe6jeHUu j-^opM cm. [CKanegy6oBa 2017].
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 579
KoHcrpy^ua 6ydy + n-PTCP, HeKorga ynoTpeöaaBmaaca bo Bcex c^aBaHCKHx a3bmax, HMero^Hx parnrara nHCbMeHHOCTb, 3acBHgeTe^bCTBOBaHa b pyccKOH nucb-MeHHOCTH npuMepHo go cepeguHbi XVII b., cp. 0gH0 H3 nocjegHux ynorpeöneHUH b nHCKapeBCKOM jeTonu^e (9) c npaeu.bHMM 0Öpa30BaHHeM b nepBon Kjay3e u HenpaeuMbHbiM bo BTopon (aopucr BMecro .-$opMbi), (^aKTHHecKu Bocnpou3Bogamee ycroHHHByra $opMyjy H3 öojee paHHux TeKcToB (10):
9. A^e jiH ®e 6ygy Koro b onmuMHK» Bao^Ha hah HeBHHMaHueM hah naKu öjaro-cjobhom [TaK!] bhhom, a [tot] He ßygeT iioiicuax pa3pemeHua [nucKapeBcKun fleTO^Hce^ (1600-1650)]);
10. A^e ju ®e 6ygy Koro Bt enureMbra Bao^Ha, hju HeBHHMaHHeMb, uju naKbi u öjarocjoBHoM bhhom, a He ßygeT Moncuaa pa3pimeHba [HoBropogcKaa KapaM3HHcKaa jeTonucb. Bropaa BbiöopKa (1400-1450)].
^ajbHenmaa cygböa ^TOH KoHcrpy^HH öbija TaKoBa: b cBoen hckohhoh $yH^HH b coneTaHuu c coBepmeHHbiM u HecoBepmeHHbiM BugoM ee coxpaHuj T0jbK0 cep-öoxopBarcKUH 33hk; b cjoBeHcKoM 3Ta nepu$pa3a coxpaHuja cbom coneTaeMocrb c oöohmh BugaMu, ho ^B0JM^H0HHp0BaJa b aHajuTunecKoe öygymee; TaKoBa ®e $yH^ua 3toh nepu$pa3H b n0jbcK0M u KamyöcKoM, ogHaKo coneTaeMocTb koh-cTpyKquu orpaHuneHa T0jbK0 raaronamu HecoBepmeHHoro Buga; b BejuKopyccKux, cTapoöejopyccKux roBopax u noHTH Ha Bcen yKpauHcKon TeppuTopuu npegöygy^ee 6hjo yrpaneHo. Cpegu coBpeMeHHbix B0cT0HH0cnaBaHcKHx a3biK0B h guaneKTOB $opMa, Bocxoga^aa k npacnaB^HcKoMy npegöygymeMy, coxpaHujacb T0jbK0 Ha caMoM 3anagHoM Kpae BocTOHHocflaBaHcKHx roBopoB: b 3anagHoyKpauHcKoM u b KapnaTopycuHcKoM (.HeMK0BcKHH guajeKT), npeBparuBmucb b HepeTpocneKTHBHoe aHajuTHHecKoe öygymee raaronoB HCB. npu 3tom ucKoHHaa perpocneKTHBHaa ^yHKqua, KaK u ^opMbi coBepmeHHoro Buga, b nepeHucneHHbix uguoMax yTpaneHbi
-	no-BuguMoMy, nog BjHHHueM nojbcKoro a3biKa, b kotopom TaKaa ^B0JM^HH npou-3omja, oneBugHo, e^e b gonucbMeHHyra anoxy [neHbKoBa 2017, 2018] (cp., ogHaKo, HHyM ToHKy 3peHHH b [Whaley 2000]).
B cb33h c 3thmh ^aKTaMu Bo3HHKaeT 3aK0H0MepHbiH Bonpoc, noneMy nojbcKoe u 3anagHopyccKoe BjuaHue He cnocoöcraoBajo npeBpa^eHHM npegöygy^ero b aHaju-THHecKoe öygymee b BejHKopyccKHx roBopax u juTeparypHoM a3bme, b to BpeMa KaK gpyraa nepu$pa3a c TeM ®e BcnoMorarejbHbiM rjiarojoM 6ydy + uh$, 3auMcrB0BaHHaa H3 nojbcKoro Hepe3 3anagHopyccKoe nocpegcTBo, jiereo yrBepgujacb b pyccKoM a3biKe KaK aHajuTHHecKoe öygymee raaronoB HCB?
nepu$pa3a 6ydy + n-PTCP b BejHKopyccKux roBopax nocny^Hja ogHHM H3 hctohhhkob coM3a h nacTH^i 6yde. B cTapopyccKHx naM^THHKax y®e b XV b. noaBjaMTca nepBHe cBugeTejbcTBa Toro, hto K0HCTpyK^HH nogBeprjacb cuHTaKcu-HecKoMy peaHaju3y: cjyHau paccorjacoBaHua Me^gy BcnoMorarejbHbiM rjarojoM u .«-$0pM0H (11) u cjynau ynoTpeöjeHHH $opM aopucTa uju npe3eHca b coneTaHuu c 6yöy, oTpa^aromue to, hto npegHKaTHBHHH ^mp ^eJHK0M cMecTujca Ha .-$opMy
-	^aKTHHecKH $opMy npomegmero BpeMeHH (12):
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11.	H KoxopMe ßygeT [bm.: öygyx] jragu iknoiii.nicii no hhmm MecxoM hc xoe ge-peBHu... h xeM jrageM Ha naxb jex He Hagoöe hm HUKoxopaa Moa gaHb [BejuKHH KHH3b BacujuH BacujbeBHH. ®aj0BaHHaa HecyguMaa h jbroxHaa rpaMoxa b. kh. Bac. BacujbeBHHa npunucH0My Boropogu^oMy ycneHcK0My Ha BouH0Be rope M-pra Ha ero BjageHua b ApryH0BcK0H boj. nepeacj. y. (1436)];
12.	A h rge 6ygy norptmnx [bm.: norpemujb], oxb cBoero Hepa3yMua... h o xoM oxb rocnoga Bora npomy npo^eHua [H3 BejHKux MuHeH ^exbux Muxponojuxa MaKapua. CeHxaöpb. .^exo^Hce^ (1530-1554)].
Pa3JHHHbie acneKxM npo^cca ge^paMMa^HKaïïH3a^HH npegöygymero nogpoÖHo paccMaxpuBaroxca b [Andersen 2006 a], [neHbK0Ba 2012]. CorjiacHo [Andersen 2006 a], c XV b. npegöygy^ee cxaH0Buxca MajoynoxpeöuxejbHMM h 0K0H^axejbH0 npe-Kpa^aex cymecxB0Baxb k cepeguHe XVI b. HeKoxopbie h3 ero BbiBogoB yxonHeHbi b [neHbK0Ba 2012]. B nacxHocxu, n0Ka3aH0, nxo b XV b. Haöjragaexca He coKpa^eHue, a, HanpoxuB, pocx nacxoxHocxu 6ydy + n-PTCP b gej0B0H nucbMeHHocxu ^Hxpa.
HecMoxpa Ha g0B0JbH0 nogpoÖHyro u3yneHHocxb Bonpoca 0 npoucxo^geHuu ycj0BH0r0 coM3a 6yde4, guHaMUKa ^T0^0 npo^cca b nepenncjeHHbix uccjegoBaHuax paccMarpuBajacb Ha 0rpaHuneHH0M Marepnaje naMarauKoB, rorga KaK uMero^ueca b Hacroa^ee BpeMa pecypcbi crapopyccKoro Mogyja b paMKax Ha^H0HaJbH0^0 Kopnyca pyccKoro a3bma n03B0jarax BepH$H^HpoBaxb axu BbiBogbi h BHecxu HeoöxoguMbie KoppeKxupoBKH, uccjegoBaB axox npo^cc Ha öojbmoM oöbeMe naMaxHUK0B pa3jnn-H0H ®aHp0B0H npuHagje^Hocxu h BpeMeHHoH j0Kaju3aqHH.
2.2. npegßygy^ee b cpegHepyccKoö nnctMeHHocra
CxapopyccKHH Kopnyc b oöbeMe xeKcxoB XV-XVI bb. BKjKraex npuMepHo 4 mjh. ynoxpeÖjeHHH, nxo n03B0jaex onupaxbca Ha g0cxax0HH0 Hage^Hyra h yöegu-xejbHyM cxarucxuKy. nocKojbKy oöbeM Kopnyca xeKcxoB XV b. b xpu pa3a MeHbme Kopnyca XVI b. (npuMepHo 1 mjh. h 3 mjh. cjoBoynoxpeÖjeHuH cooxBexcxBeHHo), npuHaxo pemeHue Becxu nogcnex no naMaxHUKaM XV b. b ^jom b conocxaBjeHuu c gaHHMMH nepBoH h BxopoH n0J0BHHbi XVI b. oxgejbHo. Pe3yjbxaxM noKa3biBaK>x 0Ö0cH0BaHH0cxb xaKoro nogxoga: xeKcxbi nepBoH h BxopoH n0J0BHHbi XVI BeKa geM0HcxpupyMx cymecxBeHHoe pacxo^geHue b nacxoxHocxu paccMaxpuBaeMbix K0HcxpyKUHH. Maxepuaj XVII b. ucKjraneH h3 paccMoxpeHua noxoMy, nxo ochob-HMe H3MeHeHHa b $yH^uoHupoBaHHH paccMaxpuBaeMoH K0HcxpyKUHH npoucxogax HMeHH0 B XV-XVI BB.
PemeHo xaK^e oxgejbHo nogcnuxbiBaxb ynoxpeÖjeHua npegöygymero b $opMe 3 j. eg.H. h Bcex nponux jh^ nocKojbKy uMeHHo $opMa 3 j. eg.H. BcnoMoraxejbHoro rjaroja nocjy^uja hcxohhhkom gja ycj0BH0r0 coM3a 6ydem h aBjaexca, xaKHM 0Öpa30M, Hen0Ka3axejbH0H. Hhmmh cjoBaMu, Bcrpenaa b cpegHepyccKux naMarauKax XV-XVI bb. $opMy xuna 6ydemb nouMaxb no oxHomeHHM k xpexbeMy jh^, mm He
4 M.H. meBejeBa 30330^^ ycjoBHMH 6ydem k x.h. BBoga^eMy 6ydem npu ceHTeH^HaJbH0M aCTaffre (cm. meBejeBa 2008).
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 581
M0®eM cygurb HaBepHaKa o rpaMMarunecKoM CTaTyce 6ydemb. noKa3arejbHbi rojbKo $opMH nepBoro-BToporo Iu^ o6oux Hucej, a TaK^e 3 j. mh. h., coxpaHaromue corja-coBaHue uju, HanpoTuB, yTpaTuBmue TaK0B0e. cpaBHeHHa mm TaK^e npuBoguM gaHHMe 06 ynoTpe6jeHuu $opM 6ydemb u 6yóe b K0HTeKCTe c npe3eHC0M. Eyde Mo^eT npegcTaBjHTb co6oh KaK apxaH3M, TaK u uHH0Baquro. C ogHon cropoHbi, eme b gpeBHepyccK0H nucbMeHHocru u3BecTeH t.h. «HyjeBon npe3eHC», Bocxogamun k gpeBHeMy uHtroHKTuBy, npucoeguHaBmeMy BTopunHbie 0K0HHaHua. C gpyron cropoHbi, 6yde Mo^eT 6biTb gajbHenmen cryneHbM ^paMMaTUKaJU3a^uu 6ydemb, Ha K0T0p0H u3MeHeHua 3arpoHyju y^e He T0jbK0 3HaHeHue u ^yH^uro, ho u $0HeTuHecKun o6juk cjoBa (cp. $0HeTuHecKyro pegyKquro b gpyroM ycj0BH0M coM3e - ecmbnu ^ ecnu). ^aHHMe CTapopyccKoro Kopnyca n03B0jaMT 0gH03HaHH0 ycTaH0BuTb, hto nepeg HaMu: HyjeBon npe3eHC uju $0HeTuHecKaa pegyKqna (cm. 06 ïtom Hu^e).
Hu^e b Ta6juue npuBegeHbi pe3yjbrarbi nogcHeT0B ynoTpe6jeHun KoHcrpyKqun 6ydy + n-PTCP, ôyàemb + PRS u 6yde + PRS/n-^opMa b crapopyccKon nucbMeHHocTu. nocje 3HaKa «/» npuBegeHo o6mee K0!HHecTB0 npuMepoB b tot uju uhoh nepuog:
Ta6au^ 3: npeg6ygymee u npou3BogHbie K0Hcrpy^uu b CTapopyccKHx naMaTHu-Kax XV-XVI BB.
Tun KOHCTpy^HH	XV B.	1 noa. XVI B.	2 noa. XVI b.
Eydy + n-PTCP (KpoMe 3 j. eg. h.): c npaBuabHWM coraacoBaHueM	55/102	4	4/41
6ydemb + n-PTCP (ToabKO ^opMbi 3 j. eg. h.).	41 /102	4	28/41
Eydy + n-PTCP (KpoMe 3 j. eg. h.): coraacoBaHue HapymeHO	6 /102	3	19/41
Eydemb + PRS	4	12	189
Eyde + PRS/n-PTCP	0	0	10
nojyHeHHMe gaHHbie n03B0jaMT 3aK!K>HuTb, hto XV b. bo mhotom eme npu-MMKaeT k gpeBHepyccK0My nepuogy (cp. TaK^e Bbime Ha6jK>geHue 0TH0cuTejbH0 nepu$pa3 c uh^uhutubom), TaK KaK K0HCTpyKqua 6ydy + n-PTCP b ^T0T nepuog coxpaHaer corjiacoBaHne b 90 % pejeBaHTHbix cjynaeB (55 u3 61), u3 nncja Koropbix, no yKa3aHHMM Bbime coo6pa®eHHaM, ucKjKweHbi ^opMbi 3 j. eg. h. (102 - o6mee hucjo ynorpeôjeHHH BKjronaa $opMbi 3 j. eg.H.). HanpoTuB, conacoBaHne yrpaneHo T0jbK0 b 10 % cjyHaeB. KoHcrpyKquu 6ydemb + PRS b ïro BpeMa eguHuHHbi: T0jbK0 oguH npuMep b TeKCTax 1-h nojoBuHbi XV b. (c $opMon 1-ro, a He 3-ro ju^) u Tpu b naMaTHuKax Bropon n0!0BuHbi XV b., cp.:
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13. Ame naKu, rocnoguHe, 6ygy CBamenaa hih CBaTaa ^pKOBHaa Kpagy... ga nocTHxycb. [hhok Tpo^e-CepraeBa MOHacTHpa Chmoh. OopMyjiapH^iñ H3Bog HcnoBegHon rpa-moth HHOKa Tpo^e-CepraeBa MOHacTHpa CuMOHa k ero gyxoBHOMy OTuy HeKoeMy CBa^eHHOHHOKy (1492)].
TaKuM o6pa3OM, b xeKCxax XV b. npuMepH xuna 6ydemb nouMCMb eme moxho CHuxaxb eguHOH KOHCxpyKnuen - npeg6ygymuM b $opMe 3 j. eg.H., a 6ydemb - Bcno-MoraxejbHHM rjiarojOM.
B nepBon nojOBuHe XVI b. hrctotho CTb KOHcrpyKnuu cymecTBeHHO CHuxaeTca, a cjynaeB ynoTpe6jeHua ôyàemb b KOHTeKCTe c (^opMaMu npe3eHca craHOBuTca 6ojbme, ogHaKO no-npexHeMy oneHb Majo gja Toro, hto6h npu3HaTb 6ydemb/6yde ycjOBHHM COM3OM. yCflOBHblH COM3, OHeBugHO, gOjXeH uMeXb HaCTOTHOCXb, conocxaBuMyM c gpyruMu eguHunaMu nogo6Horo ypoBHa: k npuMepy, COM3 ecm/ecmm b xeKCxax XVII b. ynoTpe6jaeTca 109 pa3. 06mee hucio ynoTpe6jeHun 6ydemb, gaxe ecju mh npu6aBuM k hum KOHxeKCTH c HapymeHHHM corjiacoBaHueM u HenoKa3aTejbHHe koh-xeKCTH c ^opMaMH 3 j. eg. h., Bce paBHO 6ygex bo MHoro pa3 Huxe, HeM y ecm/ecmm.
^acxoxHOCxb, conocxaBuMyM c hobmm com30m ecm, 6ydemb/6yde geMOHCxpu-pyex yxe bo Bxopon nojOBuHe XVI b. B ^xox nepuog KapxuHa CHOBa cymecxBeHHO u3MeHaeTca: npuMepoB c BepHHM corjiacoBaHueM Mexgy BcnoMorarejbHHM rjiarojOM u M-$opMou Bcero 4, hto cocxaBjaeT npuMepHO 17 % ox KOHxeKCxoB, pejeBaHXHHx b ^TOM oxHomeHuu.
TaKHM 06pa30M, co Bxopon nojOBuHH XVI b. 6ydemb nouMcmb cjegyex paccMa-TpuBaTb yxe He KaK eguHyM KOHcrpyKnuM, a, CKopee, KaK cepuajbHyM KOHcrpyKnuM uju KaK ynoxpe6jeHua ycjOBHoro coM3a uju MogajbHon nacxunbi 6ydem/6yde c $0pM0H npomegmero Ha m-. BpeMH yxpaxH KOHCxpyKnuu 6ydy + m-PTCP, TaKuM 06pa30M, - nepBaa nojOBuHa XVI b.
^aHHHe Ta6juuH 06 ynoTpe6jeHuu 6yde, cyga no BceMy, CBugeTejbCTByMT o tom, hto mh uMeeM gejo BOBce He c HyjeBHM npe3eHCOM, a c gajbHenmen rpaMMaxuKa-ju3anuen 6ydemb, npu Koxopon BCjeg 3a ceMaHxnnecKuMu u ^yHKnuoHajbHHMu u3MeHeHuaMu npoucxogux ^OHexHHecKaa pegyKqna. TaK, b xeKCxax XV b. - nepBon nojOBuHH XVI b. He BCTpeTujOCb hu ogHoro cjynaa c 6yde b KOHcrpyKnuu c M-$opMon uju ^opMon npe3eHca, Torga KaK bo BTopon nojOBuHe XVI b. TaKux npuMepoB yxe 10.
Btmogti5
KopnycHoe uccjegoBaHue ^O3BOIUIO BbiHBuxb pa3juHna b ^yHKquoHupoBaHuu cucTeMH KOHCTpyKnun c pe^epeHnuen k 6ygymeMy b cpegHepyccKon nucbMeHHOCTu, KQxopHe HeBQ3MoxHQ o6Hapyxnxb xpagunuoHHHMu $uIOIO^HHecKUMu MexogaMu.
5 ABTop cepgeHHO 6jrarogapuT MjageHa YxjuKa 3a noMomb b nepeBoge aHHOTa^u Ha ciobchckuh s3hk u gpyrue ^HHtie 3aMenaHua k CTaTbe.
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 583
nonyneHHbie pe3ynbrarbi hmcmt u npaKTunecKoe 3HaneHue: ohh MoryT 6biTb uc-nonb3oBaHbi npu Mop^onoranecKoM aHHOTHpoBaHHH CTapopyccKoro Kopnyca RNC.
Bo-nepBMX, BbiaBneHbl pa3^HHHH B KO^HHeCTBeHHOH HaCTOTHOCTH. B XV B. HHC-neHHo npeo6nagaeT KoHcTpyKnua c BcnoMorarenbHbiM uMy, Torga KaK b XVI-XVII bb. pe3KO npeo6nagaeT KoHcTpyKnua c BcnoMorarenbHbiM ynbny, a nepu$pa3a c UMy yxoguT Ha nepu^epuro gocTaronHo paHO. HacnegHuneH uMy-KoHcrpyKnuu aBnaeTca nepu$pa3a ynbny + uu$. , KOTopaa 3aMemaeT umy-KoHcTpyKnuro bo Bcex ee Tunax ynoTpe6neHua. ynbuy, 3aMeHaa UMy, HacnegyeT u ero cTunucTuHecKyro MapKupo-BaHHocTb, hto, no-BuguMOMy, u aBnaeTca npHHUHOH MapruHanu3anuu ynbny b a3bme XVIII b. ®opMa 3 n. mh. h. uMymb y^e c XVI b. ^yHKnuoHupyeT b ochobhom KaK $opMa BcnoMoraTenbHoro rnarona uummu.
Hu ogHa KoHcTpyKuua c uHxoaruBaMu u3 paccMoTpeHHbix HaMu He mo^et 6biTb npu-3HaHa aHanuTHHecKHM 6ygymuM rnaronoB HCB b cpegHepyccKun nepuog. KoHcrpyKuuu c cmany u 6ydy, b ^TOT nepuog o6nagaromue caMoH mupoKoH gucTpu6ynueH, Bce ®e gocTaToHHo cna6o rpaMMaruKanrooBaHbi, b oraunue ot ynbny + un$., KoTopaa o6nagaeT oneHb bmcokoh KonHHecTBeHHon HacroTHocTbro, ho y3KoH gucTpu6ynueH. ^Ty KoHcTpyKquM mo^ho 6bino 6bi npu3HaTb ^opMoH aHanuTunecKoro 6ygymero TonbKo gna HeaccepTuBHbix KoHTeKcToB (ycnoBHbix u oTHocuTenbHbix Knay3), T.e. aHanoroM pa3nuHHbiM $opMaM BToporo 6ygymero b cep6oxopBaTcKoM nuTepaTypHoM a3MKe u b guaneKTax.
^aHHMe Hamero aHanu3a egBa nu nogTBep^garoT BbiBogbi O. CBaHa [Swan 2012] o tom, hto aHanuTunecKoe 6ygymee HCB y^e c^opMupoBanocb b cpegHepyccKuH nepuog, u b ganbHenmeM npou3omna numb 3aMeHa BcnoMorarenbHoro rnarona cmany Ha 6yóy. B cpegHepyccKHH nepuog pyccKHH a3biK, cyga no BceMy, eme He uMeeT aHanuTunecKoro 6ygymero gna rnaronoB HCB.
OneBugHo, KoHcTpyKnua 6ydy + n-PTCP He Morna npeTeHgoBaTb Ha ponb 6y-gymero BpeMeHu, nocKonbKy mupoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHue nepu$pa3bi 6ydy + untf). npoucxoguno Torga, Korga $opMbi npeg6ygymero BpeMeHu b pyccKoM a3bme y^e He cymecTBoBano, b oraunue ot paga gpyrux cnaBaHcKux a3bmoB, b kotopmx, BuguMo, uMeHHo KoHKypeHnua u KoHTeKcTHaa cuHoHuMua Me^gy 6ydy + n-PTCP u 6ydy + untf). npuBena k yTpare peTpocneKTuBHoro KoMnoHeHTa b ceMaHTuKe npeg6ygymero u k BbrrecHeHuro $opM CB (cm. o6 ^TOM [neHbKoBa 2018]).
Hctohhhkh h -thtepatypa
RNC - Russian national corpus. B ceTH.
Hening Andersen, 2006: Future and future perfect in the Old Novgorod dialect. Russian Linguistics 30 No. 1. 71-80.
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Praha: Statni pedagogicke nakladatelstvi. Michael Moser, 1998: Die polnische, ukrainische und weißrussische Interferenzschicht im russischen Satzbau des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. Frankfurt/Main etc.: Peter Lang. 303-330.
Martina Orožen, 1965: Zgodovinski razvoj futuralnih in modalnih gramatičnih oblik
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PhD Dissertation. The Ohio State University. AHgpam 3omaH, 2018: BeHrepcKoe c^o^Hoe öygymee b c^bahckom KOHTeKCTe. BocbMbie PuMCKue Kupumo-Me$odueecKue nmenux. Mamepucmu KOH$epeH^uu. (Pum - Onopen^x, 5-10 fyeepcmx 2018 ^.). Peg. H. 3ano^bcKaa, M. Oöu^aeBa. MocKBa: HHgpuK. 65-70. [Andraš Zoltan, 2018: Vengerskoe složnoe buduščee v slavjanskom kontekste. Vos'mye Rimskie Kirillo-Mefodievskie čtenija. Materialy konferencii. (Rim - Florencija, 5-10 fevralja 2018 g.). Red. N. Zapol'skaya, M. Obižaeva. Moskva: Indrik. 65-70.] neTp C. Ky3He^B, 2002: Ouepm no Mop^ono^uu npacnaenHCKo^o x3biKa. MocKBa:
ypcc.
[Petr S. Kuznecov, 2002: Očerkipo morfologiipraslavjanskogojazyka. Moskva: URSS.] A^eKcaHgp M. Mo^goBaH, 2010: K ncTopnn $a3OBoro raarcraa craTb b pyccKOM a3biKe.
PyccKuü %3biK e naynnoM ocee^enuu 19/1. 5-17. [Aleksandr M. Moldovan, 2010: K istorii fazovogo glagola stat' v russkom jazyke.
Russkij jazyk v naučnom osveščenii 19/1. 5-17. ] ^Ha A. üeHbKoBa, 2012: Ounumnue o6pa3oeauuH om ocnoeu 6yd- e H3uxe naMnmnuxoe pyccKoü nucbMennocmu XII - nepeoü noMoeunu XVI ee. (mop^omosuh, ceMaumuxa, cunmaKcuc). ,3,ucc. ... KaHg.	HayK. MocKBa.
[Yana A. Pen'kova, 2012: Finitnye obrazovanija ot osnovy bud- v jazykepamyatnikov russkojpis'mennostiXII-pervojpolovinyXVIvv. (morfologija, semantika, sintak-sis). Diss... kand. filol. nauk. Moskva.] -3Ha A. nEHLKOBA, 2017: K hctophh c^aßaHcKoro BToporo öygymero: nyTH ceMaH-
THHecKon ^BOflM^HH. Die Welt Der Slaven 62/22. 247-276. [Yana A. Pen'kova, 2017: K istorii slavyanskogo vtorogo buduščego: puti semantičeskoj
evoljucii. Die Welt Der Slaven 62/2. 247-76.] -3Ha A. neHbKoBa, 2018: C^aBaHcKoe BTopoe öygymee: ceMaHTHKa, cTpyKTypHbie ocoöeHHocTH u 3Bo^K>una. CMaemcme H3UKo3uanue. XVI Me^gyHapogHbiü cte3g c^aBucTOB. Berapag, 2018. ,3,oKragbi pocchhckoh ge^eranuu. MocKBa: Hhctutjt c^aBaHoBegeHua PAH. 225-43.
^Ha neHtKOBa: HMy, yntHy, CTaHy, Sygy KopnycHoe HccïïegoBaHHe nepH<^pa3 Sygy^ero BpeMeHH 585
[Yana A. Pen'kova, 2018: Slavjanskoe vtoroe buduščee: semantika, strukturnye osoben-nosti i evoljucija. Slavjanskoe jazykoznanie. XVI Meždunarodnyj s''ezd slavistov. Belgrad, 2018. Doklady rossijskoj delegacii. Moskva: Institut slavjanovedenija RAN. 225-43.]
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pravah rukopisi. Moskva. Mapna H. ffleBejeBa, 2008: O cygb6e gpeBHepyccKux KoHCTpyKunn c He3aBHCHMbiMH $opMaMH raaroja 6umu b pyccKoM a3biKe. BecmnuxMockobckozoynueepcumema. Cep. 9. ®umno^ux 6. 34-57. [Mariya N. Sheveleva, 2008: O sud'be drevnerusskih konstrukcij s nezavisimymi formami glagola byti v russkom jazyke. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 9. Filologija 6. 34-57.]
Mapna H. ffleBeneBa, 2017: K npo6neMe rpaMMarHHecKon ceMaHTHKH KoHCTpy^nn THna uMamb 6umu vs. xonemb 6umu b paHHHx BocTOHHocnaBaHCKHx TeKCTax.
PyccKuu %3biK e uaynuoM ocee^enuu 2/34. 194-218. [Mariya N. Ševeleva, 2017: K probleme grammatičeskoj semantiki konstrukcij tipa
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Hpma C. IDpbeBa, 2017: rpaMMaTKHecKne oco6eHHocTH TeKCTa KneBCKon jjeTonncn. npegncjoBne. KueecxaHMemonucb. H3g. nogroT. H.C. IDpbeBa. M.: HgarejbCKHH AOM £CK. 15-24.
[Irina S. Jur'eva, 2017: Grammatičeskie osobennosti teksta Kievskoj letopisi. Predislovie. Kievskaja letopis'. Izd. podgot. I.S. Jur'eva. M.: Izdatel'skij Dom JaSK. 15-24.]
Povzetek
Prispevek opisuje sistem zloženih glagolskih oblik za prihodnjik in njihov razvoj v zgodovini ruskega slovstva med 15. in 17. stoletjem (»srednjerusko obdobje«). Osredotočamo se predvsem na zgradbe z nepolnopomensko rabljenimi glagoli z inkohativnim pomenom, ki se povezujejo z nedovršnimi nedoločniki: uMy 'vzamem/jamem' + INF, HaubHy/noubHy 'začnem' + INF, yubny 'začnem' + INF, cmany 'postanem, začnem' + INF, 6ydy 'bom' + INF. Poleg tega zaradi primerjave navajamo tudi podatke o rabi knjižne zgradbe uMaMb 'imam' + INF.
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Slavistična revija, letnik 67/2019, št. 4, oktober-december
Raziskava se opira na gradivo staroruskega korpusa, ki je del Nacionalnega korpusa ruskega jezika. Tak način omogoča širši uvid v razlike med funkcioniranjem prihodnjiških konstrukcij, kot ga lahko sicer ponujajo tradicionalne filološke metode. Izkazalo se je, da nobene izmed naštetih zloženih glagolskih oblik (uMy + INF, HaubHy/noubHy + INF, yubHy + INF, cmaHy + INF, 6ydy + INF) v ruskem jeziku med 15. in 17. stoletjem, kljub tradicionalnemu mnenju, ni mogoče obravnavati kot analitične prihodnjike nedovršnikov. Zgradba uMy + INF je do 16. stoletja izginila iz rabe. Od začetka 16. stoletja je opazen izrazit porast rabe »nove« zložene oblikeyubHy + INF, ki je zamenjala zgradbo z uMy in je prevzela vse značilnosti njene rabe.
Zgradbe z yubny so bile sicer v rabi zelo razširjene, vendar jih kot oblike analitičnega prihodnjika lahko obravnavamo le v netrdilnih kontekstih (pogojnih in oziralnih odvisnih stavkih) oz. tistih kontekstih, ki funkcionalno ustrezajo različnim oblikam drugega prihodnjika (predprihodnjika) v knjižni srbohrvaščini in štokavskih narečjih. Zgradbe s pomožnikoma cmaHy in 6ydy, ki so bile med 15. in 17. stoletjem najbolj razširjene, se takrat še niso povsem gramatikalizirale.
Ugotavljamo tudi, da se je zgradba predprihodnjika, sestavljenega iz 6ydy pomožnika + /-deležnika prenehala uporabljati sredi 16. st.- od takrat se je pomožnik 6ydem leksikaliziral kot pogojni veznik. Zgradba 6ydy + /-deležnik v srednjeruskem obdobju tudi ni mogla prevzeti vloge prihodnjika, kot se je to zgodilo v drugih slovanskih jezikih, pri katerih je konkurenca med zgradbami s pomožnikom 'biti' + /-deležnikom in 'biti' + INF pripeljala do izgube pomena preddobnosti v prihodnosti in posledično do funkcionalnega prekrivanja obeh zgradb. V zgodovini ruskega jezika se je zgradba 6ydy + INF pojavila in razširila šele takrat, ko se predprihodnjik že ni več uporabljal.