jfc REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Slovenia's Ljubljana, January 2012 www.stat.si BROCHURES M STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBUC OF SLOVENIA Slovenia's trade in goods Authors Simon Perše, Snježana Štuhec Lončarevic, Alenka Kozar, Almira Urbiha, Jana Živec, Amira Mušic Translated by: Alenka Kozar, Boris Panič Printed by Littera picta d. o. o. The publication is available at www.stat.si/eng/pub.asp Information: Information Centre phone: + 386 1 241 64 04 e-mail: info.stat@gov.si CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 339.56(497.4) 311:339.56(497.4) SLOVENIA'S trade in goods / [authors Simon Perše ... [et al.] ; translated by Alenka Kozar, Boris Panič]. - Ljubljana : Statistični urad Republike Slovenije = Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2012. - (Collection Brochures / Statistični urad Republike Slovenije) ISBN 978-961-239-240-6 1. Perše, Simon 259835392 Issued and published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Litostrojska cesta 54 - © SURS - Use and publication of data is allowed provided the source is acknowledged - Printed in 300 copies Foreword Data on trade in goods of a particular country belong - especially in small and open economies - among the most important indicators of economic performance of a country. These data are used as support in managing the national and European economic and monetary policy, they enable the implementation of trade policy and trade negotiations, they are the basis for market, sector and other analyses in enterprises, and at the same time they are also the source of data for other fields of statistics, such as the balance of payments and national accounts. The publication Slovenia's trade in goods is the first publication in the Brochures collection from the field of external trade statistics. The primary objective of the publication is to inform all who are interested in this topic about the development and the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods in the 2000-2010 period. An important turning point for Slovenia's trade in goods is Slovenia's accession to the European Union (EU) in May 2004, since from then on trade in goods between Slovenia and EU Member States has no longer been subject to customs formalities at Slovenia's borders with these countries. In the publication we wanted to show also how the global financial and economic crisis - that captured Slovenia in the last quarter of 2008 - influenced Slovenia's trade in goods. The mentioned crisis slowed down the economic growth in our most important trading partner countries, and the deterioration of conditions in the international and domestic environment influenced the reduction of Slovenia's trade in goods as well. Due to the important shares of exports and imports of goods in the GDP structure, the way out of this crisis will largely be affected by the recovery of Slovenia's trade in goods with foreign countries; this was already traced in the data for 2010. In the second part of the publication we gathered some statistical data and information enabling the preparation of more in-depth analysis about the structure and concentration of Slovenia's trade in goods by characteristics of exporting and importing enterprises. This initiated the development of a new statistical field that will be based on integration of data from external trade statistics with data from business statistics and will represent an important additional analytical tool for studying economic participation of Slovenia in the globalized world. Irena Križman Director-General CONTENTS SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS..........................................................................................7 I. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS IN THE 2000-2010 PERIOD .......................................................................................10 1 DEVELOPMENT OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS.............................................12 2 COMPARISONS OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS WITH OTHER EU MEMBER STATES......................................................................15 3 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY STATISTICAL REGIONS..................................17 4 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES...................19 5 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY COMMODITY GROUPS OF PRODUCTS .........23 6 OTHER SELECTED INDICATORS OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS....................27 II. STRUCTURE OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS IN 2009 BY CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS........................................ 32 1 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY SECTION OF ACTIVITY OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS ..............................34 2 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY SIZE OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS...........................................................37 3 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY CONCENTRATION OF TRADE IN GOODS........................................................39 4 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES ..............................40 5 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS BY THE NUMBER OF TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES.........................................46 METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS AND DEFINITIONS.................................................48 ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT...........................................................49 LIST OF COUNTRIES: NAMES AND ABBREVIATIONS (GEONOMENCLATURE).................49 LIST OF CODES OF SECTIONS OF ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISE ACCORDING TO THE SKD 2008 ...................................................................................... 50 SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS The publication Slovenia's trade in goods is divided into two chapters: Chapter 1 presents an overview of the development of Slovenia's trade in goods in the 2000-2010 period, and Chapter 2 the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods in 2009 by characteristics of enterprises. The first chapter of the publication presents the main characteristics of Slovenia's trade in goods with foreign countries in the 2000-2010 period. The emphasis of the analyses is on 2010, and at the same time the publication focuses also on the biggest changes in the structure or in the temporal dynamics of particular indicators of Slovenia's trade in goods; these changes happened due to Slovenia's accession to the EU (at that time the abolition of customs formalities at the borders of EU Member States enabled free movement of goods between Slovenia and EU Member States) and due to the emergence of the financial and economic crisis at the end of 2008. The second chapter of the publication presents the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods in 2009 by some of the most important characteristics of exporting and importing enterprises, such as economic activity, size or concentration of trade value. Data for this chapter were mostly acquired by integrating statistical data of external trade statistics with data from the Slovenian Business Register (SBR). In the publication we present selected indicators from this field; as a rule only in the form of aggregate data. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS) will start publishing detailed indicators of the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods by characteristics of exporting and importing enterprises in its regular annual publications in 2012, when the statistical data for the 2008-2010 period are expected to be published. Explanation of some frequently used expressions Flow of goods means the direction of trade in goods. In connection with the flow of goods, in external trade statistics the expressions exports and imports (of goods) are generally used. In the statistics of trade between EU Member States, as a rule, instead of the expression exports (of goods) the expression dispatches (of goods) and instead of the expression imports (of goods) the expression arrivals (of goods) are used. In our publication the expressions exports and imports are used for better understanding, irrespective of whether the data on the total trade in goods of Slovenia or the data on trade in goods of Slovenia with EU Member States or the data on trade in goods with other world countries (also known as the third countries) are concerned; in this publication these are called EU non-member countries for short. Instead of expressions exporting enterprise and importing enterprise we use from here on in the publication the short terms exporter and importer. Changes in monitoring Slovenia's trade in goods with foreign countries after 2004 For interpretation of data from the first chapter of the publication it is necessary to point out some methodological changes in monitoring Slovenia's trade in goods that were the consequence of Slovenia's accession to the EU. Until Slovenia's accession to the EU, the only source of data for external trade statistics was customs declarations (Single Administrative Documents - SAD), and after Slovenia's accession to the EU, the data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU Member States are acquired directly from enterprises - providers of statistical information (PSIs) - in the context of the so-called Intrastat system (hereinafter: Intrastat), and data on trade in goods with EU non-member countries are still acquired from customs declarations in the context of the so-called Extrastat system (hereinafter: Extrastat). In short: Intrastat is statistics of trade in goods between EU Member States and Extrastat statistics of trade in goods of EU Member States with countries in the rest of the world. In Intrastat we do not collect data from all enterprises trading with EU Member States, but only from those whose value of trade in goods with EU Member States reaches the so-called exemption statistical threshold; enterprises with smaller volume of trade which do not reach this threshold are exempt from statistical reporting. In Extrastat we cover all trade transactions with EU non-member countries which according to the methodology of external trade statistics are included into statistical coverage (in practice this means almost full coverage of data). The mentioned systems differ also by that in Intrastat we collect only the most important data, those that enable satisfactory monitoring of the trade in goods development, while the range of data that we collect in Extrastat is substantially larger. Therefore, in this publication some indicators are presented only for Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries. With Slovenia's accession to the EU, in monitoring Slovenia's trade in goods at the same time also the concept of dissemination of data by trading partner country changed: at exports (i.e. at export of goods abroad) the country of destination is shown as the trading partner country; and at imports (i.e. at import of goods from abroad), before Slovenia's accession to the EU the country of origin of goods was shown as the trading partner country, while after Slovenia's accession to the EU data on imports in Intrastat are presented by country of consignment of goods and in Extrastat by country of origin of goods (the so-called combined concept of recording flows of imported goods). In line with the European law from the field of external trade statistics this concept is used in dissemination of data on trade in goods in all EU Member States. Other methodological notes Besides the value of trade in goods in national currency, external trade statistics also monitors data on the quantity of exported and imported goods, respectively. In our publication shares and indices for the 2000-2010 period are calculated - unless otherwise stated - from data on the value of exports and imports of goods, expressed in EUR. Data that could not be classified under particular items were not considered in total data, which represent the basis for calculating particular indicators of Slovenia's trade in goods. In the publication data for the 2000-2010 period are entirely comparable among themselves, since also the data for the period before Slovenia's accession to the EU are adjusted to the changes in the concept of dissemination of data by trading partner country that has been in force since Slovenia's accession to the EU. In the breakdown of data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU Member States and EU non-member countries in the entire 2000-2010 period - unless otherwise stated - the EU-27 is taken into account. Therefore, data in the publication are not fully comparable with the data the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia has already published for the 2000-2010 period. In the second chapter of the publication data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU Member States as a rule cover only those enterprises by which the value of trade in goods with EU Member States in 2009 exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat and for which it was possible to successfully link them with the identification number of the enterprise in the Slovenian Business Register (SBR). Data on enterprises which traded with EU Member States in 2009, but the value of their trade in goods with EU Member States did not exceed the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat, are not included in data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU Member States by characteristics of enterprises, except in cases when this is separately specified. Data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries cover all trade transactions with EU non-member countries, which according to the methodology of external trade statistics are included in statistical coverage in Extrastat, namely transactions of those enterprises for which it was possible to successfully link them with the identification number of the enterprise in the SBR. Value data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU Member States and value data on Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries, stated in the second chapter of the publication, can be summed up and prepared as the sum of trade. But data on the number of exporters and importers cannot be summed up, as the same enterprise can trade with EU Member States as well as with EU non-member countries. I. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS IN THE 2000-2010 PERIOD Chapter 1 of the publication is composed of six sets of contents which focus on the main characteristics of trade in goods in this period: In the first set we present the review of the development of Slovenia's trade in goods in the 2000-2010 period. »In all the years of the 2000-2010 period Slovenia had deficit in the trade in goods with foreign countries.« »Annual real growths of exports of goods and imports of goods were the largest in 2007.« »In 2010 the shares of exports of goods and imports of goods in GDP were comparable with those shares in 2005.« ■ In the second set we compare Slovenia's trade in goods with that of other EU Member States. »Slovenia's imports of goods between 2000 and 2010 in real terms increased more than total EU imports of goods.« »Slovenia's exports of goods between 2000 and 2010 in real terms increased more than total EU exports of goods.« ■ In the third set we present the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods in the 2000-2010 period by statistical region in which exporters and importers are established. >- »In the 2000-2010 period imports of enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region increased the most.« ■ »Enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region and in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenia exported the most.« Messages are given in frames. Blue means exports, red imports and green trade in goods which runs in both directions. ■ In the fourth and fifth sets we present the development of Slovenia's trade in goods by the most important indicators of the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods (by trading partner countries and by commodity groups of products). »Slovenia imported the most goods from Germany and Italy.« »Slovenia's exports to European countries represented more than 90% of total Slovenia's exports.« »Slovenia exported the most goods to EU Member States and to Croatia.« »Slovenia imported goods mainly from EU Member States; imports from Asia were becoming ever more important.« In the sixth set we give a review of some other important indicators of the development of Slovenia's trade in goods in this period. »Transactions involving transfer of ownership of goods predominated, transactions involving processing were declining.« »Most goods were transported across the Slovenian border by road; the share of transport of goods by sea was increasing.« »After Slovenia's accession to the EU imported goods were customs cleared also under Customs Procedure 42.« »Most of the imported goods were customs cleared at CO Ljubljana and at CO Koper.« I »Slovenia traded with EU non-member countries mostly in euros, partly also in U.S. dollars.« - ■ 1 DEVELOPMENT OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS ■ Chart 1: Values of exports and imports and trade balance of Slovenia EUR/USD 1000 mio. 40 »In all the years of the 2000-2010 period Slovenia had deficit in the trade in goods with foreign countries.« o .10 ----------- 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 -exports (EUR) -exports (USD) -trade balance (EUR) _ imports (EUR) imports (USD) trade balance (USD) Source: SORS ■ In the observed 2000-2010 period, exports and imports of Slovenia, expressed in EUR and USD, were increasing until October 2008, then they declined due to the financial and economic crisis that captured the country at the end of 2008, but from 2010 on they were increasing again. The values of imports were higher than the values of exports all that time. The deficit in the trade in goods reached the highest value in 2008, when it amounted to EUR 3.2 billion. ■ Compared to 2007, Slovenia's exports in 2009 declined by EUR 3.4 billion (by 17.5%) and imports by EUR 4.4 billion (by 20.4%) due to the financial and economic crisis. ■ A detailed review reveals that in comparison with 2000 Slovenia's exports in 2010 were higher by EUR 8.8 billion (by 92.2%), while in the same comparison Slovenia's imports in 2010 were higher by EUR 8.9 billion (by 81.0%). ■ From a year-on-year review it is also clear that compared to the previous year exports increased the most in 2006 (by 16.4%), followed by 2007 (by 15.8%) and 2010 (by 13.9%), while imports increased the most in 2007 (by 17.3%), followed by 2010 (by 16.2%) and 2006 (by 16.0%). 1 DEVELOPMENT OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS Chart 2: Real values of exports and imports of goods, 2000 = 100, Slovenia index (2000=100) 200 100 75 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 — exports of goods — imports of goods Source: SORS »Annual real growths of exports of goods and imports of goods were the largest in 2007.« ■ In all the years of the observed 2000-2010 period, exports of goods in real terms were increasing, except in 2009 when they decreased due to the financial and economic crisis. The same applied for imports of goods. ■ Due to the financial and economic crisis, in 2009 in real terms exports of goods declined over those in 2007 by 17.7% and imports of goods by 18.4%. ■ In real terms the annual increase in exports of goods was the largest in 2007 (13.9%), followed by 2006 (13.4%) and 2000 (13.2%). The annual growth of imports of goods in real terms was also the largest in 2007 (16.2%), followed by 2004 (14.6%) and 2006 (12.7%). ■ In the 2000-2008 period exports of goods increased in real terms by 91.7% and imports of goods by 90.9%. ■ In all the years of the observed period the trade balance of Slovenia was negative. ■ 1 DEVELOPMENT OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS ■ Chart 3: Shares of exports and imports of goods in GDP, Slovenia exports / imports of goods in GDP {%) exports of goods in GDP imports of goods in GDP caJRS Source: SORS »In 2010 the shares of exports of goods and imports of goods in GDP were comparable with those shares in 2005.« ■ After Slovenia's accession to the EU, the shares of exports and imports of goods in GDP were increasing until 2007, when they reached the highest value in the observed 2000-2010 period; exports of goods amounted to 57.3% of GDP and imports of goods to 62.2% of GDP. Due to the financial and economic crisis in 2009 both shares largely declined (exports of goods amounted to 45.8% of GDP and imports of goods to 47.9% of GDP). In 2010, however, they started to rise again. The value share of imports of goods in GDP in the entire observed period exceeded the value share of exports of goods in GDP; the difference between them was the largest in 2008 (7.2% of GDP), and the smallest in 2002 (1.2% of GDP). ■ Compared to 2000, in 2010 the share of exports of goods in GDP increased by 7.7 p.p., while the share of imports of goods in GDP in this period increased by 5.5 p.p.. ■ Compared to the previous year, the share of exports of goods in GDP increased the most in 2010 (by 6.1 p.p.), followed by 2006 (by 4.0 p.p.) and 2004 (by 3.4 p.p.). The share of imports of goods in GDP also increased the most in 2010 (by 7.5 p.p.), followed by 2004 (by 4.8 p.p.) and 2006 (by 4.2 p.p.). ■ 2 COMPARISONS WITH OTHER EU MEMBER STATES Chart 4: Real growth of exports of goods, EU Member States index 2010/2000 300 n 100- »Slovenia's exports of goods between 2000 and 2010 in real terms increased more than total EU exports of goods.« LT RO BG HU SK PL CZ LV EE SI DE AT NL EU ES SE FT BE FR LU Fl IE DK MT GR GB CY IT countries Source: Eurostat (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home, 10. 10. 2011) ■ Compared to 2000, exports of goods in 2010 in real terms increased the most in those EU Member States that joined the EU after 2004; the most in Lithuania (by 166.9%), followed by Romania (by 150.3%), Bulgaria (by 144.5%) and Hungary (by 136.6%); Slovenia's exports of goods in 2010 were in real terms by 74.4% larger than in 2000, which is by 37.8 p.p. more than real increase in total EU exports of goods1. ■ The financial end economic crisis had a large impact on the extent of exports of goods. The comparison of exports of goods in 2009 with exports of goods in 2007 shows that exports of goods in real terms decreased in all EU Member States, except in Romania. The highest decline of exports of goods in real terms was noticed in Finland (by 23.6%), Italy (by 22.6%) and Estonia (by 22.0%). Slovenia's exports of goods in 2009 were in real terms by 17.7% lower than in 2007, which is by 4.2 p.p. more than the real decline in total EU exports of goods1. 1 Total EU exports include total exports of EU Member States to EU non-member countries, and mutual trade among EU Member States on the export side. ■ 2 COMPARISIONS WITH OTHER EU MEMBER STATES Chart 5: Real growth of imports of goods, EU Member States index 2010/2000 400 n 200-- 100 »Slovenia's imports of goods between 2000 and 2010 in real terms increased more than total EU imports of goods.« RO LT BG SK CZ HU PL LV SI DE EE NL SE EU Fl AT CY DK GB FR ES LU BE PT IT GR IE MT countries Source: Eurostat (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home, 10. 10. 2011) ■ Compared to 2000, imports of goods in 2010 in real terms also increased the most in those EU Member States that joined the EU after 2004. The imports of goods increased the most in Romania (by 238.9%), followed by Lithuania (by 139.1%), Bulgaria (by 130.0%), Slovakia (by 98.2%) and the Czech Republic (by 97.8%). Slovenia's imports of goods in 2010 were in real terms by 63.3% larger than in 2000, which is by 23.9 p.p. more than real increase in total EU imports of goods2. ■ The comparison of imports of goods in 2009 with imports of goods in 2007 shows that the financial and economic crisis caused in real terms a decline of imports of goods in all EU Member States, the most in Latvia (by 41.5%), followed by Estonia (by 38.3%) and Ireland (by 28.0%). The imports of goods of the entire EU decreased by 12.9%. Slovenia's imports of goods in 2009 were in real terms by 18.4% lower than in 2007, which is by 5.6 p.p. more than the real decline in total EU imports of goods2. 2 Total EU imports include total imports of EU Member States from EU non-member countries and mutual trade among EU Member States on the import side. ■ 3 BY STATISTICAL REGIONS ■ Table 1: Exports1', statistical regions2', Slovenia »Enterprises % established in the Statistical region 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 Osrednjeslovenska Osrednjeslovenska 19.6 21.1 21.7 23.3 24.8 24.3 Jugovzhodna Slovenija 17.3 15.6 17.6 15.8 19.0 17.8 Savinjska 14.2 14.0 12.9 12.1 11.6 11.9 Podravska 12.8 12.4 11.7 11.9 11.3 11.5 Gorenjska 11.7 12.8 11.8 11.6 9.9 10.6 Obalno-kraška 3.0 3.4 4.4 6.6 5.8 5.9 Goriška 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.9 Koroška 6.2 6.2 6.4 5.1 3.7 3.9 Pomurska 3.4 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.5 Notranjsko-kraška 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 Spodnjeposavska 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 Zasavska 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 statistical region and in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenia exported the most.« 1) Data do not include enterprises (exporters) which could not be successfully linked with the identification number of the enterprise in the SBR, while data from 2005 onwards besides these do not include also the enterprises whose value of exports in trade in goods with EU Member States did not exceed the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. 2) Data for statistical regions are arranged according to 2010 values in the descending order. ■ In 2010, the largest share of exports was contributed by enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (24.3% of total exports of goods), followed by enterprises established in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenia (17.8%) and enterprises established in the Savinjska statistical region (11.9%). ■ In the 2000-2010 period the shares of exports of enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska (by 4.7 p.p.) and the Obalno-kraška statistical regions (by 2.9 p.p.) increased the most, and the shares of exports of enterprises established in the Koroška and Savinjska statistical regions decreased the most (each by 2.3 p.p.). ■ In 2009 compared to 2007 (because of the consequences of the financial and economic crisis) the shares of exports of enterprises established in the Gorenjska (by 1.7 p.p.) and the Koroška statistical regions (by 1.4 p.p.) decreased the most, and the shares of exports of enterprises established in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenia (by 3.2 p.p.) and in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (by 1.5 p.p.) increased the most. Source: SORS 3 BY STATISTICAL REGIONS Table 2: Imports'0, statistical regions 2), Slovenia % »In the 2000-2010 Statistical region 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 period imports of enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska 40.6 41.7 42.5 42.8 46.2 44.8 Podravska Jugovzhodna Slovenija 9.6 11.4 11.0 9.7 10.4 10.6 10.1 8.8 8.8 9.6 9.3 9.3 Osrednjeslovenska statistical region Savinjska 9.9 9.7 8.7 8.6 8.1 8.4 increased the Gorenjska 8.1 9.3 9.0 9.3 7.4 8.1 most.« Obalno-kraška 5.6 5.1 5.9 7.1 7.4 7.1 Goriška 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.1 4.4 Pomurska 3.1 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.6 Koroška 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.1 2.4 Spodnjeposavska 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Notranjsko-kraška 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 Zasavska 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1) Data do not include enterprises (importers) which could not be successfully linked with the identification number of the enterprise in the SBR, while data from 2005 onwards besides these do not include also enterprises whose value of imports in trade in goods with EU Member States did not exceed the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. 2) Data for statistical regions are arranged according to 2010 values in the descending order. Source: SORS ■ At imports, in 2010 by far the largest share of total imports was contributed by enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (44.8%), followed by enterprises established in the Podravska statistical region and in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenia (each with a 9.3% share). ■ In the 2000-2010 period the shares of imports of enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (by 4.3 p.p.) and the Obalno-kraška statistical region (by 1.5 p.p.) increased the most, and the shares of imports of enterprises established in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenia (by 2.1 p.p.) and in the Savinjska statistical region (by 1.5 p.p.) decreased the most. ■ Compared to 2007, in 2009 (in times of the financial and economic crisis) the shares of imports of enterprises established in the Gorenjska statistical region and those established in the Podravska statistical region declined the most (by 1.8 p.p. and 1.3 p.p., respectively), while the share of imports of enterprises established in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region increased the most (by 3.4 p.p.). ■ 4 BY TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES ■ Chart 6: Exports to selected groups of countries of destination, Slovenia share of total exports (%) 100 -, 60 20 »Slovenia's exports to European countries represented more than 90% of total Slovenia's exports.« 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 EU I I other European countries I I non-European countries I I other n.e.c. Source: SORS ■ In 2010, Slovenia exported most goods to EU Member States (71.7% of total exports of goods), followed by other European countries (20.1%) and non-European countries (8.2%). This is also true for the structure of exports in the entire 2000-2010 period. ■ From 2000 to 2004, i.e. until Slovenia's accession to the EU, the share of Slovenia's exports to EU Member States was declining (in 2000 it amounted to 72.1%, and in 2004 to 68.1% of total exports of goods), and after Slovenia's accession to the EU it was increasing (also because of the abolition of customs formalities at the borders of the EU Member States). On the other hand, the share of Slovenia's exports to other European countries was increasing from 2000 until Slovenia's accession to the EU (in 2000 it amounted to 19.9%, and in 2004 to 23.5% of total exports of goods), but after Slovenia's accession to the EU it was declining. ■ The share of Slovenia's exports to other continents in the 2000-2010 period was not changing significantly. In trade with non-European countries, Slovenia exported most goods to Asia, followed by North and Central America. The share of exports to Asia was increasing in the observed period (in 2000 it amounted to 3.2%, and in 2010 to 4.5% of total exports of goods), while the share of exports to North and Central America was declining (in 2000 it amounted to 3.5%, and in 2010 to 2.0% of total exports of goods). ■ The financial and economic crisis did not significantly affect the structure of exports of goods by continents. 4 BY TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 7: Exports to the most important trading partner countries, Slovenia share of total exports (%) 30 10 =—? »Slovenia exported the most goods to EU Member States and to Croatia.« 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 OSUR8 — Austria - Italy - France -Croatia - Germany Source: SORS ■ In 2010, Slovenia exported most goods to Germany (19.8% of total exports of goods), followed by Italy (12.2%), Austria (8.2%), France (8.1%) and Croatia (6.7%). In all the years of the 2000-2010 period these countries were our most important trading partners at exports. ■ In trade with EU Member States, Slovenia in 2010 exported most goods to Germany (27.7% of total exports of goods to EU Member States), followed by Italy (17.1%), Austria (11.4%), France (11.3%), and Poland (4.8%). In trade with EU non-member countries, Slovenia exported most goods to Croatia (23.6% of total exports of goods to EU non-member countries), followed by Serbia (11.1%), the Russian Federation (10.4%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (10.2%) and the United States (5.3%). ■ A detailed review reveals that the share of Slovenia's exports to Germany was declining from 2000 to 2007 (in 2000 it amounted to 27.1% and in 2007 it reached the lowest value, namely 18.8% of total exports of goods), after that it was again increasing slowly. After Slovenia's accession to the EU, the largest increase in the share of exports was recorded with exports to France (in 2005 the share was by 2.6 p.p. higher than in 2003), whereas the largest decrease in the share of exports was recorded with Germany (in 2005 the share was by 3.2 p.p. lower than in 2003). A comparison between 2007 and 2010 data reveals that during the financial and economic crisis the share of exports to France increased the most, and the share of exports to Croatia declined the most. ■ 4 BY TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES ■ Chart 8: Imports from selected groups of countries, Slovenia share of total imports (%) 100-, - - - - ,= 80— 60— 40— ^^^B — ^^^B — ^^^B — ^^^B — — ^^^B — 20— -----— 0-1—------------ 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 osurs I EU I I other European countries I I non-European countries I I other n.e.c. Source: SORS ■ In 2010, Slovenia imported most goods from EU Member States (77.5% of total imports of goods), followed by other European countries (10.7%) and non-European countries (10.2%). This also applies for the structure of imports in the entire 2000-2010 period. ■ The share of Slovenia's imports from EU Member States was slightly increasing from 2000 until Slovenia's accession to the EU whereas after Slovenia's accession to the EU it was decreasing (in 2010 it was by 5.9 p.p. lower than in 2003). On the other hand, in the 2000-2010 period the share of Slovenia's imports from other European countries did not change significantly. ■ In the period before Slovenia's accession to the EU, Slovenia's share of imports from other continents also did not change significantly, but after Slovenia's accession to the EU it began to increase; it reached the highest values in 2009 and 2010. A review of trade with these continents reveals that in 2010 Slovenia imported most goods from Asia, followed by North and Central America (1.6% of total imports of goods). In the 2000-2010 period imports from Asia increased the most; in 2000 they amounted to 3.4% of total imports of goods and in 2010 to 7.2% of total imports of goods. ■ The structure of imports of goods by particular continents did not change significantly as a result of the financial and economic crisis. »Slovenia imported goods mainly from EU Member States; imports from Asia were becoming ever more important.« 4 BY TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 9: Imports from the most important trading partner countries, Slovenia share of total imports (%) 100-, 2000 2005 2010 combined concept 2000 2005 2010 country of origin r-: | Germany ■ Italy I I Austria I I France I I Croatia | Hungary I I China I I other countries Source: SORS »Slovenia imported the most goods from Germany and Italy.« ■ The so-called combined concept of recording import goods flows revealed that in 2010 most goods were imported to Slovenia from Germany (18.4% of total imports of goods), followed by Italy (17.8%), Austria (12.1%) and France (5.5%). This applies also for imports in the entire 2000-2010 period; but at that time the imports from Croatia and Hungary also represented important shares. ■ For the most important trading partner countries of Slovenia at imports, in 2010 the shares of imports presented by the country of origin of goods were as a rule lower than the shares of imports reached by these countries according to the combined concept of recording import goods flows. Also at recording the trade in goods by the country of origin, most goods were then imported from Germany (16.2% of total imports of goods), followed by Italy (15.8%), Austria (8.0%) and France (5.4%). This applies also for the entire 2000-2010 period, with the exception that substantial shares of imports in that period were represented also by imports of goods produced in China and imports of goods produced in Croatia. Imports of goods produced in China in the 2000-2010 period increased the most: in 2000 they amounted to 1.4% and in 2010 they increased to 5.3% of total imports of goods. ■ A detailed review of data according to the combined concept of recording import goods flows reveals that after Slovenia's accession to the EU the shares of imports from France and Germany declined the most. The share of imports from France amounted to 8.7% in 2003 and in 2010 it declined to 5.5% of total imports of goods, whereas the share of imports from Germany in the 2003-2010 period declined from 21.1% to 18.4% of total imports of goods. The situation is similar even when imports of goods are presented according to the country of origin of goods. ■ 5 BY COMMODITY GROUPS OF PRODUCTS ■ Chart 10: Exports and imports by commodity sections of the SITC1), Slovenia, 2010 share of total exports / imports (%) »In 2010, Slovenia traded mostly with machinery and transport equipment.« exports imports ■ Machinery and transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactured articles □ Manufactures classified by material ■ Mineral fuels and lubricants I I Chemical products I I Other sections 1) Standard International Trade Classification Source: SORS ■ In 2010, Slovenia not only at exports but also at imports traded mostly with products classified into the following three sections of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC): Machinery and transport equipment (38.9% of total exports of goods and 30.0% of total imports of goods), Manufactures classified by material (22.2% of total exports and 19.3% of total imports of goods) and Chemical products (16.2% of total exports and 13.7% of total imports of goods). ■ With EU Member States Slovenia also traded mostly with goods classified into the mentioned three sections: trade with goods from the section Machinery and transport equipment accounted for 43.1% of total exports of goods to EU Member States and 31.7% of total imports of goods from EU Member States; trade with goods from the section Manufactures classified by material accounted for 23.0% of total exports and 20.4% of total imports; trade with goods from the section Chemical products accounted for 12.5% of total exports and 14.7% of total imports of goods. ■ In the context of Slovenia's trade with EU non-member countries, the largest share at exports was represented by products from the section Machinery and transport equipment (28.2% of goods exported to EU non-member countries), followed by products from the section Chemical products (25.7%) and from the section Manufactures classified by material (20.2%). Compared to the structure of trade in goods with EU Member States, there is a significant difference in the structure of trade in goods with EU non-member countries, which is evident especially at imports: here the largest share was represented by products from the section Mineral fuels and lubricants (25.6% of goods imported from EU non-member countries), followed by products from the section Machinery and transport equipment (24.3%) and products from the section Manufactures classified by material (15.5%). ■ 5 BY COMMODITY GROUPS OF PRODUCTS ■ Table 3: Exports of the most important products by commodity groups of the SITC1), Slovenia »Motor cars were % SITC Products 3-digit code 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 Slovenia's main 781 Motor cars 542 Medicaments 775 Household-type electrical 8.5 7.4 10.8 11.7 11.8 10.4 4.4 6.8 6.0 6.7 8.8 8.3 export articles.« and non-electrical equipment, n.e.s. 778 Electrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.s. 821 Furniture and parts thereof 6.7 6.9 5.9 4.3 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.4 2.1 2.6 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.7 3.5 5.7 6.2 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 684 Aluminium 641 Paper and paperboard 1) Standard International Trade Classification Source: SORS ■ In 2010, at exports, the largest share of Slovenia's trade in goods by commodity groups (3-digit codes) of the SITC was contributed by the group Motor cars (10.4% of total exports of goods), followed by Medicaments (8.3%), Household-type electrical and non-electrical equipment, n.e.s. (4.8%), Electrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.s. (3.5%) and Furniture and parts thereof (2.9%). ■ In the context of trade in goods with EU Member States, at exports the largest shares of Slovenia's trade in goods in 2010 were contributed by the same SITC commodity groups as at total trade of Slovenia (the group Motor cars represented 13.8% of total exports of Slovenia to EU Member States, Medicaments 6.2%, Household-type electrical and non-electrical equipment, n.e.s. 4.6%, Electrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.s. 4.0% and Furniture and parts thereof 3.3%). On the other hand, in 2010 the largest share of exports of Slovenia to EU non-member countries was contributed by the group Medicaments (13.6%), followed by Household-type electrical and non-electrical equipment, n.e.s. (5.5%), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude) (3.5%), Paper and paperboard (2.9%) and Pumps and gas compressors (2.9%). ■ In the 2000-2010 period the share of exports of goods from the group Medicaments increased the most (by 4.0 p.p.), and the share of exports of goods from the group Furniture and parts thereof decreased the most (by 3.8 p.p.). A rather large increase was recorded also in the group Motor cars. ■ 5 BY COMMODITY GROUPS OF PRODUCTS ■ Table 4: Imports of the most important products by commodity groups SITC1), Slovenia »The main % import articles SITC Products 3-digit code 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 of Slovenia 334 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude) were refined petroleum products and motor cars.« 781 Motor cars 784 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles 542 Medicaments 684 Aluminium 764 Telecommunications equipment 6.4 4.8 6.8 5.9 7.6 8.8 4.8 5.2 5.0 6.8 4.9 4.9 3.9 3.2 4.0 3.2 3.8 3.6 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.2 3.2 3.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1) Standard International Trade Classification Source: SORS ■ In 2010, at imports, the largest share of Slovenia's trade in goods by commodity groups (3-digit codes) of the SITC was contributed by the group Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude) (8.8% of total imports of goods), followed by Motor cars (4.9%), Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles (3.6%), Medicaments (3.0%) and Aluminium (2.2%). ■ In the context of trade in goods with EU Member States, at imports the largest share of Slovenia's trade in goods in 2010 was contributed by the group Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude) (6.9% of total imports of goods from EU Member States), followed by Motor cars (5.0%), Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles (4.0%), Medicaments (3.0%) and Electrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.s. (1.8%). Compared to the trade with EU Member States, in the trade with EU non-member countries trade with fuels was much more important. The largest share of imports from these countries in 2010 was thus contributed by trade in the context of the group Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude) (15.4% of total imports of goods from EU non-member countries) and trade in the context of the group Natural gas, whether or not liquefied (5.2%); substantial shares of imports from these countries were represented also by trade with products from groups Aluminium (4.3%), Motor cars (4.2%) and Electric current (3.4%). ■ In the 2000-2010 period the largest increases were recorded in the shares of imports of goods from groups Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude) (by 2.4 p.p.) and Medicaments (by 1.3 p.p.). ■ 5 BY COMMODITY GROUPS OF PRODUCTS ■ Chart 11: Exports and imports by end-use of products, Slovenia share of total exports / imports (%) 100 -, 2000 2005 exports 2010 »In Slovenia's trade in goods intermediate goods predominated.« 2000 2005 imports 2010 | intermediate goods I consumption goods I capital goods Source: SORS ■ In 2010, both at exports and at imports intermediate goods predominated (54.5% of total exports of goods and 60.9% of total imports of goods), followed by consumption goods (35.5% of exports and 27.5% of imports) and capital goods (9.9% of exports and 11.5% of imports). ■ The structure of trade in goods by end-use of products in trade with EU Member States and in trade with EU non-member countries in 2010 differed especially at imports: intermediate goods represented 57.8% of total imports of goods in the trade with EU Member States, and as much as 71.8% of total imports of goods in the trade with EU non-member countries. The share of imports of consumption goods and the share of imports of capital goods in the trade in goods with EU Member States amounted to 29.5% and 12.7%, respectively, and in the trade in goods with EU non-member countries to 20.6% and 7.6%, respectively. ■ A detailed review reveals that the structure of trade in goods by end-use of products in the 2000-2010 period changed especially at imports: the share of imports of consumption goods from 2000 to 2010 increased by 5.4 p.p. (i.e. from 22.2% of total imports of goods in 2000 to 27.5% of total imports of goods in 2010); at the same time in this period also the share of imports of capital goods decreased (i.e. from 16.2% of total imports of goods in 2000 to 11.5% of total imports of goods in 2010). ■ 6 OTHER SELECTED INDICATORS ■ Table 5: Trade in goods according to nature of transaction, Slovenia % »Transactions involving transfer of ownership of goods predominated, transactions involving processing were declining.« Nature of transaction Exports 2000 2003 2005 2010 Imports 2000 2003 2005 2010 Transactions involving actual or intended transfer of ownership from residents to non-residents for financial or other compensation Operations with a view to processing under contract (without transfer of ownership to the processor) Operations following processing under contract (without transfer of ownership to the processor) Other transactions 82.1 92.9 95.7 95.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 7.7 5.7 3.1 1.8 9.7 0.8 0.7 2.0 86.2 94.3 96.6 93.3 5.1 3.9 2.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 7.8 1.2 0.5 4.6 Source: SORS ■ In the 2000-2010 period the largest share in Slovenia's trade in goods was represented by transactions involving actual or intended transfer of ownership for compensation (e.g. outright purchase/sale, supply for consignment, financial leasing, etc.); in 2010, for example, these transactions represented as much as 95.4% of trade in goods at exports and 93.3% of trade in goods at imports. ■ An important share in Slovenia's trade in goods was also represented by operations involving processing3. A detailed review of data for the 2000-2010 period reveals that the share of goods received by Slovenia in 2000 for processing represented 5.1%, and in 2010 it declined to 1.1% of total imports of goods. The share of exports of goods after processing also declined substantially: in 2000 it amounted to 7.7% and in 2010 it fell to 1.8% of total exports of goods. In 2010, Slovenia received the most goods for processing from Germany (around 35%) and Austria (around 30%). ■ In 2010, Slovenia sent to processing around 0.8% of total exports of goods, of that mostly to Bosnia and Herzegovina (around 25%), to Croatia and to Serbia (to each around 20%). The share of goods imported after processing in 2010 amounted to 1.0% of total imports of goods. This applies also for the entire 2000-2010 period. 3 Operations involving processing include modification, making, composition, improvement and renovation with the aim to produce new or significantly improved products. 6 OTHER SELECTED INDICATORS Chart 12: Slovenia's trade in goods by mode of transport at the frontier share of total exports / imports (%) 100 -, 2000 »Most goods were transported across the Slovenian border by road; the share of transport of goods by sea was increasing.« 2000 2010 □ sea transport □ airtransport 2005 imports ■ fixed transport installations I other modes of transport 2005 exports □ road transport □ rail transport Source: SORS ■ In the 2000-2010 period both at exports and at imports most goods in terms of value were transported across the border by road (86.7% of total exports of goods and 72.3% of total imports of goods in 2010). At exports, the second most frequent mode of transport at the frontier until 2008 was that by rail transport and from 2009 this was replaced by sea transport (5.0% of total exports of goods in 2010). At exports, in each year of the given period less than 10% of total exported goods were transported across the border by the remaining modes of transport. At imports, road transport was followed by rail transport until 2004, while from 2005 onwards it was followed by sea transport (15.4% of total imports of goods in 2010). In each particular year of the 2000-2010 period other modes of transport at the frontier represented at imports less than 15% of total imported goods. ■ From the viewpoint of the value of transported goods, in Slovenia's trade in goods road transport was by far the most frequent mode of transport at the frontier, except in case of Slovenia's trade with EU non-member countries at imports (for example, in 2010 more than 50% of goods imported from these countries were transported across Slovenia's border by other means of transport, especially by vessels, by aircraft and by fixed transport installations). ■ In the 2000-2010 period the trade in goods structure by mode of transport at the frontier changed especially in Slovenia's trade with EU non-member countries, where at exports the share of exported goods transported across the border by road declined markedly (in 2000 it amounted to 88.2% and in 2010 to 75.2% of total exports of goods to EU non-member countries). At the same time the share of goods transported across the border by sea increased (in 2000 it amounted to 0.3%, and in 2010 to 12.1% of total exports of goods to EU non-member countries). At imports, in Slovenia's trade with EU non-member countries the greatest drops in the 2000-2010 period were recorded for road and rail transport, namely on account of a marked increase in the share of goods transported across the border by sea (between 2000 and 2010 from 16.0% to 37.0% of total imports of goods from EU non-member countries). ■ 6 OTHER SELECTED INDICATORS ■ Chart 13: Imports of goods under Customs Procedure 42, Slovenia11 share of imports from EU non-member countries (%) 15-, »After Slovenia's accession to the EU imported goods were customs cleared also under Customs Procedure 42.« 6 3 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 6surs 1) The chart presents the structure of trade in goods with EU non-member countries according to the actual state of EU non-member countries in a particular period. Source: SORS ■ In trade with EU non-member countries, at imports it is necessary to point out Customs Procedure 42 (this customs procedure applies for recording imports of goods which are exempt from payment of VAT under the tax supplies to another EU Member State). Customs clearances under this customs procedure started after Slovenia's accession to the EU. The share of goods which were customs cleared under this customs procedure was increasing until 2007, when it amounted to 13.6% of total imports of goods from EU non-member countries; after that it was decreasing and in 2010 it amounted to 7.5% of total imports of goods from EU non-member countries. The emergence of the financial and economic crisis at the end of 2008 partly influenced the decline in trade under this customs procedure and thus reduced its importance. ■ In 2007, Slovenia imported under this customs procedure most goods from the Republic of Korea, i.e. 63.0% of total imports of goods from EU non-member countries under this customs procedure; goods classified according to the SITC into the commodity group (3-digit code) Motor cars prevailed (99.9%). In 2010, Slovenia imported from the Republic of Korea only 37.8% of total imports of goods under Customs Procedure 42, as a lot of goods were imported under this customs procedure also from Serbia (14.8%), from the United States (8.2%), from Paraguay (7.6%) and from Bosnia and Herzegovina (7.4%). ■ Goods imported in 2010 to Slovenia under this customs procedure were in the largest shares classified into the following commodity groups according to the SITC: Motor cars (39.0%), Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits (20.7%) and Aluminium (11.0%). 6 OTHER SELECTED INDICATORS Chart 14: Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries by main customs offices (CO) of customs clearance of goods11 share of exports / imports with EU non-member countries (%) 100 -, 2000 2010 »Most of the imported goods were customs cleared at CO Ljubljana and at CO Koper.« 2005 2010 ! 2000 2005 exports I imports 09URS ■ CO Ljubljana I I CO Celje □ CO Brežice CO Murska Sobota I CO Koper I I CO Maribor I I CO Nova Gorica I I other customs offices 1) The chart presents the structure of trade in goods with EU non-member countries according to the actual state of EU non-member countries in a particular period. Source: SORS ■ At exports, in 2010 the largest share of goods was customs cleared at CO Ljubljana (47.8% of total exports to EU non-member countries), followed by CO Celje (13.0%) and CO Koper (11.6%). ■ Also at imports, in 2010 most goods were customs cleared at CO Ljubljana (34.1% of total imports from EU non-member countries), followed by CO Koper (33.4%) and CO Maribor (9.7%). Goods customs cleared in 2010 at CO Ljubljana were mostly imported from Croatia (17.8%), followed by Switzerland (15.2%) and China (13.1%). Goods customs cleared in the same year at CO Koper were mostly imported from the Republic of Korea (11.8%), followed by the United States (9.6%) and China (9.4%). ■ After Slovenia's accession to the EU, both at imports and at exports the share of goods that were customs cleared at CO Koper increased the most, namely between 2003 (i.e. year before Slovenia's accession to the EU) and 2010 at imports by 18.3 p.p., and at exports by 6.5 p.p. Between 2003 and 2010 at both imports and exports also the share of goods customs cleared at CO Ljubljana decreased substantially, namely by 18.7 p.p. at imports and by 7.1 p.p. at exports. ■ 6 OTHER SELECTED INDICATORS ■ ■ EUR O USD ■ SIT I I DEM EH RUB ■ CHF □ other currencies 1) After Slovenia's accession to the EU, data on the invoicing currency are collected only in the context of monitoring Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries (Extrastat). 2) The chart presents the structure of trade in goods with EU non-member countries according to the actual state of EU non-member countries in a particular period. Source: SORS ■ At most of the Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries in 2010 invoices were issued in euros, namely at 86.1% of total exports of goods to these countries and at 57.8% of total imports of goods from these countries. The second most important currency in this trade was the U.S. dollar; invoices were issued in U.S. dollars for 9.0% of exports and for 40.1% of imports. At exports, an important currency was also the Russian ruble (invoices were issued in Russian rubles for 3.9% of exports to these countries), and at imports the Swiss franc (invoices were issued in Swiss francs for 1.1% of imports from these countries). ■ The structure of Slovenia's trade in goods with EU non-member countries according to the most frequent currencies in which invoices were issued was at the beginning of the observed period substantially different than later: in 2000 besides the U.S. dollar and the euro an important currency was also the German mark (invoices were issued in this currency for 57.4% of exports to EU non-member countries and for 39.2% of imports from these countries). In 2005, however, at exports the main part of trade with these countries was already conducted in euros (for 77.1% of exports), and a smaller part in U.S. dollars (for 18.0% of exports), while at imports invoices were issued in 2005 in euros for 52.7% of imports and in U.S. dollars for 41.0% of imports. II. STRUCTURE OF SLOVENIA'S TRADE IN GOODS IN 2009 BY CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS Chapter 2 of the publication is composed of five sets of contents. Data on Slovenia's trade with EU Member States and data on Slovenia's trade with EU non-member countries are in all sets of contents presented separately. Data are usually presented with two indicators: with the value of trade in goods expressed in EUR and with the number of exporters and importers. In the first set we present the main characteristics of the structure of Slovenia's trade in goods by section of activity of enterprises (exporters/importers). »In Slovenia's trading with EU Member States the number of importers was three times the number of exporters.« »Most goods were exported by enterprises from section manufacturing (C).« »The enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E had surplus in trade in goods with foreign countries.« In the second set we present these data by size of exporters/importers. ■ In the third set we present the concentration of trade in goods by largest exporters/ importers. •-;- »Five enterprises created more than a fifth of total Slovenia's exports to EU Member States and EU non-member countries.« In the fourth set we present the structure of trade in goods by the most important trading partner countries. »Most enterprises among exporters to EU Member States exported goods to countries that were also our main trading partner countries.« »In trade in goods with EU non-member countries, most enterprises exported to countries that emerged from the republics of the former Yugoslavia.« »In trade in goods with EU Member States most enterprises imported goods from Germany and Italy.« »In trade in goods with EU non-member countries most enterprises imported goods from China and Croatia.« »By far the largest value share of exports to EU Member States was that of enterprises that exported to a particular country more than EUR 1 million worth of goods.« »The value share of enterprises that exported to a particular EU non-member country more than EUR 1 million was the largest in exports to the Russian Federation.« »The share in the number of enterprises that imported from a particular EU Member State more than EUR 1 million worth of goods was the largest in imports from the main trading partner countries of Slovenia.« »The share in the number of enterprises that imported from a particular EU non-member country more than EUR 1 million worth of goods was the largest in imports from the Russian Federation.« In the fifth set we present the structure of trade in goods by the number of trading partner countries with which exporters/importers trade. ■ 1 BY SECTION OF ACTIVITY OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS Table 6: Number of exporters and importers and values of their trade in goods, Slovenia, 2009 Trade in goods with EU non-member countries Enterprises (exporters and importers), successfully linked with the identification number in the SBR Trade in goods with EU Member States11 exports imports exports imports number of enterprises 2,173 6,587 7,578 8,818 value (mio. EUR) 10,044 12,581 4,704 3,388 »In Slovenia's trading with EU Member States the number of importers was three times the number of exporters.« 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS Table 7: Number of exporters of activity and values of their and importers according to section trade in goods, Slovenia, 2009 Enterprises (exporters and importers), successfully linked with the identification number in the SBR Trade in goods Trade in goods with with EU Member EU non-member States11 countries exports imports exports imports o =y B, C, D, E number of enterprises value (mio. EUR) »Most goods were exported by enterprises from section manufacturing (C).« 1,302 1,844 2,522 2,230 8,719 5,305 3,209 1,552 number of enterprises value (mio. EUR) 637 3,461 3,198 3,667 1,071 6,496 1,163 1,636 Other activities number of enterprises value (mio. EUR) 234 1,282 1,858 2,921 254 780 332 201 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS G ■ 1 BY SECTION OF ACTIVITY OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS ■ ■ In 2009, in Slovenia's trade with EU non-member countries 16.4% more enterprises were trading on the import side than at exports. In trade with EU Member States the situation was substantially different: the number of PSIs for Intrastat (enterprises) on the side of imports was three times larger than the number of PSIs for Intrastat (enterprises) on the side of exports (a similar conclusion applies also for the total population of enterprises that were trading with EU Member States). ■ For correct understanding and explanation of data on trade in goods with EU Member States, it is necessary to explain that the PSIs for Intrastat (enterprises) represented 23.4% of all enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States, and only 20.9% of all enterprises that imported goods from EU Member States. On the other hand, these enterprises contributed as much as 98.1% of the total value of exports to EU Member States and 96.9% of the total value of imports from EU Member States. ■ A detailed review of trade with EU Member States by sections of enterprise's activity reveals that at exports enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E were the most numerous (59.9% of all enterprises and 86.6% of trade value on the side of exports of goods to EU Member States). At imports, the share of enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E was approximately half lower than at exports (28.0% of all enterprises and 42.2% of trade value on the side of imports of goods from EU Member States). In comparison with exports, at imports the share of trade of enterprises from section of activity G was significantly larger (enterprises from section of activity G represented 52.5% of all enterprises and accounted for 51.6% of trade value at imports of goods from EU Member States and only 29.3% of all enterprises and 10.7% of trade value at exports of goods to EU Member States). ■ In trade with EU Member States, among enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E in terms of value the most important was trade of enterprises from section manufacturing (C), namely at both flows of goods (at exports and at imports) it represented as much as 97.2% of the value of exports and imports of all enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E. ■ A review of trade with EU non-member countries by sections of activity of enterprises shows that the structure of trade in goods by sections of activity of enterprises in comparison with this structure in trade with EU Member States differed mainly at exports. According to the number of enterprises, enterprises from section of activity G prevailed (42.2% of all enterprises exporting to EU non-member countries); and the share of enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E was approximately one third of all enterprises that exported to EU non-member countries. Notwithstanding this, enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E created as much as 68.2% of exports value to EU non-member countries, and enterprises from section of activity G contributed a significantly lower share (24.7%) to the value of exports to these countries. At imports of goods from EU non-member countries, in comparison with the structure of imports of goods from EU Member States a larger share of enterprises classified in section of other activities stood out (33.1% of all enterprises and 5.9% of total imports from EU non-member countries), namely on account of a lower share of enterprises from section of activity G. ■ Also in trade with EU non-member countries among enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E in terms of value the most important was trade of enterprises from section manufacturing (C), which represented 96.3% of the value of exports and 85.2% of the value of imports of all enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E. ■ 1 BY SECTION OF ACTIVITY OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS ■ Chart 16: Slovenia's trade balance by sections of activity of exporters and importers'0, Slovenia, 2009 »The enterprises from sections of activity EUR 1000 mio. 4-, B, C, D, E had surplus in 2 trade in goods with foreign countries.« o -2 -4 -6 B, C, D, E G other activities TOTAL ■ EU Member States □ EU non-member countries 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS ■ In 2009, Slovenia had a deficit of EUR 2.5 billion in the trade in goods with EU Member States and a surplus of EUR 1.3 billion in the trade in goods with EU non-member countries. ■ A significant surplus in the trade in goods with EU Member States, as well as in trade in goods with EU non-member countries, was recorded especially by enterprises from sections of activity B, C, D, E (in trade in goods with EU Member States a surplus of EUR 3.4 billion and in trade in goods with EU non-member countries a surplus of EUR 1.7 billion). ■ A deficit in the trade in goods was recorded mainly by enterprises from section of activity G, especially in trade with EU Member States (EUR 5.4 billion). ■ 2 BY SIZE OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS ■ Chart 17: Structure of exports by size of exporters1', Slovenia, 2009 % 80-, 604020- »Large enterprises created more than half of the value of total Slovenia's exports.« micro- small medium-sized large enterprises to EU Member States = 100 to EU non-member countries = 100 ■ number of exporters □ number of exporters — value of exports -value of exports C8URS 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS ■ A review of Slovenia's trade at exports reveals that in 2009 a small number of large enterprises (large according to the number of employees) contributed a very large share of exports value in trade with EU Member States as well as in trade with EU non-member countries. Among enterprises that traded with EU Member States, 6.4% were large enterprises, and among those that traded with EU non-member countries only 2.4% were large. Those enterprises, however, contributed as much as 56.2% of the value of exports to EU Member States and more than half (52.6%) of the value of exports to EU non-member countries. ■ Among enterprises that traded with EU Member States, the most numerous were micro enterprises (38.0% of all enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States), followed by small enterprises (31.8%). Micro and small enterprises together contributed a little less than 20% of the total value of exports to EU Member States. Among enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries, the share of micro enterprises was significantly higher (65.1%) than among the enterprises that traded with EU Member States. In comparison with trade with EU Member States, a lower share of medium-sized enterprises was also noticeable (the share was 8.8% of all enterprises that exported goods to EU non-member countries), although the value share of exports of these enterprises was comparable to the share created by medium-sized enterprises in trade with EU Member States at exports. ■ 2 BY SIZE OF EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS ■ Chart 18: Structure of imports by size of importers1', Slovenia, 2009 % 80-, 60-- »Among importers the most numerous were micro enterprises, while in terms of value a small number of large enterprises imported the most.« small from EU Member States - 100 ■ number of importers — value of imports X It =L_ medium-sized large enterprises from EU non-member countries = 100 □ number of importers -value of imports 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS ■ A review of Slovenia's trade shows that in 2009 also on the import side a small number of large enterprises (large according to the number of employees) contributed a very large share of trade value. Among enterprises that imported goods from EU Member States, the share of large enterprises was 3.4%, and among those that imported goods from EU non-member countries the share of large enterprises was 2.7%. In terms of value, these enterprises on the import side contributed a slightly lower share than on the export side, namely 37.1% of the value of imports from EU Member States and 40.2% of the value of imports from EU non-member countries. ■ Among enterprises that traded with EU Member States, also at imports micro enterprises predominated (55.9%), followed by small enterprises (29.0%). Micro and small enterprises together contributed slightly more than 35% of the value of imports from EU Member States. Among enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries, the share of micro enterprises was even higher (69.0% of all enterprises that imported goods from EU non-member countries). ■ The share of medium-sized enterprises among enterprises that traded with EU Member States and also the share of medium-sized enterprises among enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries were on the import side much lower than at exports (11.7% of enterprises among those that imported goods from EU Member States and 8.4% of enterprises among those that imported goods from EU non-member countries); in spite of that, the value share of their trade was comparable to the value share of trade of medium-sized enterprises at exports. ■ 3 BY CONCENTRATION OF TRADE IN GOODS ■ »Five enterprises created more than a fifth of total Selected groups of enterprises by value of trade in goods Trade in goods with EU EU non-member EU EU non-member Member States countries Member States countries Slovenia's exports to EU Member States and EU non-member countries.« exports imports TOTAL top 5 enterprises 11,184 2,387 3,169 4,048 5,447 6,612 9,075 9,730 4,834 13,476 1,038 1,767 1,376 2,375 1,752 3,255 2,388 4,823 2,955 6,025 4,077 9,175 4,393 10,468 3,640 836 1,209 1,508 1,932 2,268 2,954 3,168 top 10 top 20 top 50 top 100 top 500 top 1,000 Source: SORS ■ A review of exports data reveals that Slovenia's exports in trade with EU Member States and in trade with EU non-member countries as well were concentrated on a small number of the largest exporters. From the data it is clear that the 50 largest exporters (i.e. 0.5% of all enterprises4 that traded with EU Member States at exports and 0.6% of all enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries at exports) contributed almost half of the value of total exports. Most of the trade in goods at exports (approximately 87%4 of the value of exports to EU Member States and 91% of exports to EU non-member countries) was contributed by the 1,000 largest exporters (i.e. 10.8%4 of all enterprises that traded with EU Member States at exports and 12.9% of all enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries at exports). ■ Also imports of Slovenia were in 2009 concentrated on a small number of the largest importers. Namely, in trade with EU non-member countries the 20 largest importers (or 0.2% of all enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries on the imports side) created more than 40% of trade value, while in trade with EU Member States a similar share of trade value was contributed by slightly fewer than the 100 largest importers. Most trade in goods on the import side (a little less than 78%4 of trade value with EU Member States on the import side and around 87% of the value of imports from EU non-member countries) was contributed by the 1,000 largest importers (i.e. 3.2%4 of all enterprises that traded with EU Member States on the import side and 9.5% of all enterprises that traded with EU non-member countries on the import side). 4 Data refer to all enterprises that traded in goods with EU Member States and not only to the reporting units (PSIs) for Intrastat. 4 BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 19: Number of exporters and the value of their exports to the most important trading partner countries among EU Member States11, Slovenia, 2009 RO NL CZ HU SB PL to EU Member States =100 esuns ^ number of exporters - value of exports 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS »Most enterprises among exporters to EU Member States exported goods to countries that were also our main trading partner countries.« ■ The structure of Slovenia's trade in goods with the most important trading partner countries shows that at the majority of countries the share of the number of enterprises and the share of the trade value are strongly linked. Thus, for example, in 2009, most of Slovenia's enterprises among those that traded with EU Member States exported goods to the main trading partner countries of Slovenia: to Germany (29.6% of the total exports to EU Member States were directed there by 62.4% of all enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States), to Austria (61.3%) and to Italy (57.0%). The exception was France, as namely only 26.2% of all enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States traded with France. Chart 20: Number of exporters and the value of their exports to the most important trading partner countries among EU non-member countries, Slovenia, 2009 % 80 n XL , n I U-rt 7' XI »In trade in goods with EU non-member countries, most enterprises exported to countries that emerged from the republics of the former Yugoslavia.« In trade with EU non-member countries most enterprises of those that exported goods to EU non-member countries exported to Croatia (61.9%); exports to Croatia accounted for 25.8% of the value of total exports to EU non-member countries. Many enterprises exported also to Bosnia and Herzegovina (36.6% of all enterprises that exported goods to EU non-member countries), to Serbia (31.3%), to Macedonia (15.5%) and to Montenegro (10.9%). These data show that the market of countries that emerged from the republics of the former Yugoslavia was in 2009 still very important for Slovenia; as many as 89.4% of all enterprises that exported to EU non-member countries exported to at least one of these countries. IN ME TR CH MK US BA XS RU HR to EU non-member countries =100 osur I I number of exporters — value of exports Source: SORS 4 BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 21: Number of importers and the value of their imports from the most important trading partner countries among EU Member States'0, Slovenia, 2009 % 8O-1 60 »In trade in goods with EU Member States most enterprises imported goods from Germany and Italy.« ■ A review of trade with our most important trading partner countries shows that also most enterprises of those that traded with EU Member States on the import side imported goods from countries that were then (and still are) our main trading partners: from Germany (23.2% of the total value of imports from EU Member States was imported by 68.6% of all enterprises that traded with EU Member States on the import side), from Italy (68.5%) and from Austria (59.3%). PL BE CZ ES NL HU FR AT IT DE from EU Member States = 100 csurs U number of importers - value of imports 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS Chart 22: Number of importers and the value of their imports from the most important trading partner countries among EU non-member countries, Slovenia, 2009 % 8O-1 40 »In trade in goods with EU non-member countries most enterprises imported goods from China and Croatia.« ■ In trade with EU non-member countries, the situation at imports was quite different than that at exports: most enterprises of all that imported goods from EU non-member countries imported from China (32.6% of those enterprises, which accounted for 9.6% of the value of total imports from EU non-member countries). Significantly more enterprises (26.9%) imported from the United States than exported to the United States. In trade with countries that emerged from the republics of the former Yugoslavia, at imports our most important partner country was Croatia (31.4% of all enterprises that imported goods from EU non-member countries imported from Croatia), followed by Serbia (13.0%) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (10.6%). JP IN TR RU BA CH XS from EU non-member countries = 100 esuns ^ number of importers - value of imports Source: SORS 4 BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 23: Structure of exports to the most important trading partner countries among EU Member States11 21 by trade value of exporters, Slovenia, 2009 »By far the largest value share of exports to EU Member States was that of enterprises that exported to a particular country more than EUR 1 million worth of goods.« SK BQ BE DK ES HU NL number of enterprises with exports I I to EUR 100,000 I I EUR 100,000-1 mio. | over EUR 1 mio. CZ LT AT RO GB PL value of exports - to EUR 100,000 - EUR 100,000-1 mio. - over EUR 1 mio. 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. 2) Data are presented in ascending order, by (value) shares of enterprises that exported to individual countries goods worth more than EUR 1 million. Source: SORS Chart 24: Structure of exports to the most important trading partner countries among EU non-member countries11 by trade »The value share value of exporters, Slovenia, 2009 of enterprises that exported to a particular EU non-member country more than EUR 1 million was the largest in exports to the Russian Federation.« number of enterprises with exports I I to EUR 100,000 I I EUR 100,000-1 mio. H over EUR 1 mio. XS CH CN value of exports - to EUR 100,000 - EUR 100,000-1 mio. - over EUR 1 mio. 1) Data are presented in ascending order, by (value) shares of enterprises that exported to individual countries goods worth more than EUR 1 million. Source: SORS ■ 4 BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES ■ ■ At exports the largest share of the number of enterprises in trade with almost all of the most important trading partner countries of Slovenia was represented by enterprises whose value of exports was up to EUR 100,000. The only exception were exports of goods to Germany: among enterprises that exported goods to Germany the largest share (38.9%) was that of enterprises whose value of exports of goods to Germany amounted to between EUR 100,000 and EUR 1 million. ■ In trade with the main trading partner countries of Slovenia at exports (Germany, Italy and France) a larger share than in trade with other countries was that of enterprises whose value of exports amounted to between EUR 100,000 and EUR 1 million and that of enterprises whose value of exports to a particular country amounted to more than EUR 1 million (the share of these enterprises was the largest at exports to Germany, namely 26.3% of all enterprises that exported goods to Germany). ■ Enterprises that exported more than EUR 1 million worth of goods to a particular country in trade with all of the most important trading partner countries of Slovenia created by far the largest value share of exports. The value share of these enterprises was the largest in trade with the main trading partner countries of Slovenia at exports, namely 93.9% of the value of exports to France, 92.8% of the value of exports to Germany and 87.8% of the value of exports to Italy. In trade with EU non-member countries this share was the highest in trade with the Russian Federation; 91.5% of the value of exports to the Russian Federation. ■ The export value share of enterprises that exported less than EUR 100,000 worth of goods to a particular country was very low in trade with EU Member States and with EU non-member countries (at exports to most of the most important EU Member States lower than 5% of the value of exports to a respective Member State, and at exports to most of the most important EU non-member countries lower than 10% of the value of exports to a respective EU non-member country). 4 BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 25: Structure of imports from the most important trading partner countries among EU Member States1' 2) by trade value of importers, Slovenia, 2009 number of enterprises with imports I | to EUR 100,000 I I EUR 100,000-1 mio. H over EUR 1 mio. GR IT HU LT value of imports - to EUR 100,000 - EUR 100,000-1 mio. - over EUR 1 mio. »The share in the number of enterprises that imported from a particular EU Member State more than EUR 1 million worth of goods was the largest in imports from the main trading partner countries of Slovenia.« 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. 2) Data are presented in ascending order, by (value) shares of enterprises that imported from individual countries goods worth more than EUR 1 million. Source: SORS Chart 26: Structure of imports from the most important trading partner countries among EU non-member countries1' by trade value of importers, Slovenia, 2009 HK MK CN JP TR KR number of enterprises with imports I | to EUR 100,000 I | EUR 100,000-1 mio. H over EUR 1 mio. BA XS US value of imports - to EUR 100,000 - EUR 100,000-1 mio. — over EUR 1 mio. »The share in the number of enterprises that imported from a particular EU non-member country more than EUR 1 million worth of goods was the largest in imports from the Russian Federation.« 1) Data are presented in ascending order, by (value) shares of enterprises that imported from individual countries goods worth more than EUR 1 million. Source: SORS ■ 4 BY THE MOST IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES ■ ■ On the import side, the most numerous were enterprises that imported from a particular country up to EUR 100,000 worth of goods. The share of enterprises that imported from a particular country goods worth from EUR 100,000 to EUR 1 million was the largest in trade with the main trading partner countries of Slovenia on the import side (with Italy, Germany and Austria). In trade with these countries the largest was also the share of those enterprises that imported from a particular country more than EUR 1 million worth of goods (this share was the largest at imports from Germany, namely 10.3% of all enterprises that imported goods from Germany). ■ Enterprises that imported from a particular country more than EUR 1 million worth of goods in trade with almost all of the most important trading partner countries of Slovenia created also by far the largest value share of imports. The value share of these enterprises was in the context of trade with EU Member States the largest in trade with Romania (87.8% of the value of imports from Romania), followed by Spain (84.1% of the value of imports from Spain). These two countries were followed by the main trading partner countries of Slovenia on the import side. In the context of trade with EU non-member countries the value share of imports of these enterprises was the highest in trade with Russia (93.5% of imports from Russia) and India (85.6% of imports from India). ■ The value share of imports of enterprises that imported from a particular country up to EUR 100,000 worth of goods was in trade with the most important trading partner countries of Slovenia on the import side lower than 10%. 5 BY THE NUMBER OF TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 27: Structure of exports according to the number of trading partner countries'0, Slovenia, 2009 to EU Member States = 100 I I number of exporters - value of exports »The largest share of exports was created by enterprises that exported goods to at least 20 trading partner countries.« 10- 14 15- 19 20 + the number of trading partner countries to EU non-member countries = 100 I I number of exporters -value of exports CSURS 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS ■ The largest share of the value of exports to EU Member States and also the largest share of exports value to EU non-member countries was contributed by enterprises that exported goods to 20 or more trading partner countries, namely 37.6% of the value of exports to EU Member States and 37.1% of the value of exports to EU non-member countries, although these enterprises represented only 3.0% of the total number of enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States and 0.9% of the total number of enterprises that exported goods to EU non-member countries. Most enterprises exported goods to only one trading partner country, namely 27.7% of the total number of enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States and 55.3% of the total number of enterprises that exported goods to EU non-member countries. These enterprises contributed only 4.9% of the value of exports to EU Member States and 4.9% of the value of exports to EU non-member countries. ■ Among the other enterprises that exported goods to EU Member States, the substantial share of the value of exports in 2009 was contributed by enterprises that exported goods to 10 to 19 trading partner countries (32.3% of the value of all exports to EU Member States). Among other enterprises that exported goods to EU non-member countries, besides enterprises that exported to 20 or more countries, a large share of the exports value was contributed by enterprises that exported to 6 to 9 trading partner countries (namely, 22.3% of the value of total exports to EU non-member countries). 5 BY THE NUMBER OF TRADING PARTNER COUNTRIES Chart 28: Structure of imports according to the number of trading partner countries'0, Slovenia, 2009 from EU Member States = 100 □ number of importers - value of imports »Three fifths of importers from EU non-member countries imported goods from only one EU non-member country.« 3 10-14 15-19 20 + the number of trading partner countries from EU non-member countries =100 □ number of importers -value of imports CSUHS 1) Data on trade in goods with EU Member States cover only enterprises whose trade in goods exceeded the value of the exemption threshold for Intrastat. Source: SORS ■ At imports from EU non-member countries a very large share of enterprises that imported goods from one country stood out (60.9% of the total number of enterprises that imported goods from EU non-member countries), while the share of such enterprises at imports of goods from EU Member States was substantially lower (21.1% of the total number of enterprises that imported goods from EU Member States). Value shares of these enterprises at total imports were low (5.9% of the value of imports from EU Member States and 7.3% of the value of imports from EU non-member countries). The value shares of enterprises that imported goods from 20 or more EU Member States and EU non-member countries respectively were similar. ■ Most enterprises that imported goods from EU Member States imported goods from 3 to 5 EU Member States (namely 35.0% of the total number of enterprises that imported goods from these countries); the value share of these enterprises indicated 16.4% of the value of all imports from EU Member States. On the other hand, the largest share of trade value (25.8% of the value of imports from EU Member States) was contributed by enterprises that imported goods from 10 to 14 EU Member States. And in trade with EU non-member countries the largest share of trade value was contributed by enterprises that imported goods from 3 to 5 EU non-member countries (23.9% of the value of imports from EU non-member countries). METHODOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS AND DEFINITIONS External trade covers only trade in goods with foreign countries (exports of goods to other countries and imports of goods from other countries, respectively). The objective of external trade statistics is to measure the quantity and value of trade in goods of a particular country by different time periods, products, trading partner countries, end-use of products, activities, etc. The exemption threshold for Intrastat means value of trade in goods with EU Member States for an individual flow of goods (value of exports, value of imports) above which an enterprise is obliged to report data for Intrastat. In determining PSIs for Intrastat for the current calendar year, the value of trade in goods of enterprises with EU Member States at an individual flow of goods in the previous calendar year or the cumulative value of trade in goods of enterprises with EU Member States at an individual flow of goods in the current calendar year is taken into account. Classifications of goods used for presenting the data in this publication: ■ Trade in goods by commodity groups of products is presented according to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) of the United Nations. ■ Trade in goods by end-use of products is presented according to the Classification by Broad Economic Categories (BEC) of the United Nations. Classification of countries used for presenting the data in this publication: Slovenia's trade in goods by trading partner countries is presented in accordance with the European nomenclature of countries and territories for the external trade statistics of the Community and statistics of trade between EU Member States (Geonomenclature). The country of destination is the country in which the goods are released into free circulation for consumption or further processing. The country of consignment is the country from which the goods were dispatched to Slovenia. The country of origin is the country in which goods were produced. For goods that were not processed in the country where they were produced, the country where processing took place is shown. Standard Classification of Activities (SKD) 2008 In Table 7 and Chart 16 data are aggregated by three groups of sections of activity of exporters/importers according to the Standard Classification of Activities (SKD) 2008. The first group includes the following sections of activity: mining and quarrying (B), manufacturing (C), electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (D) and water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (E). The second group includes only the section of activity G (wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles) and the third group (other activities) total data for all other sections of activity according to the SKD. Size classes of the enterprises by the number of employees Size of the enterprise is defined by the number of employees in the enterprise. This publication makes use of the following size classes of exporters/importers: micro enterprises (from 0 to 9 employees), small enterprises (from 10 to 49 employees), medium-sized enterprises (from 50 to 249 employees) and large enterprises (250 and more employees). Due to rounding the figures sometimes do not add up. ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT CO customs office mio. million EU European Union 1000 mio. billion EU-27 27 EU Member States % percentage GDP gross domestic product p.p. percentage point PSIs providers of statistical information SAD Single Administrative Document CHF Swiss franc SBR Slovenian Business Register DEM German mark SITC Standard International EUR Euro Trade Classification RUB Russian ruble SKD Standard Classification of Activities SIT Slovenian tolar SORS Statistical Office USD U.S. dollar of the Republic of Slovenia LIST OF COUNTRIES: NAMES AND ABBREVIATIONS (GEONOMENCLATURE) EU Member States Country name Abbr. Country name Abbr. Austria AT Latvia LV Belgium BE Lithuania LT Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU Cyprus CY Malta MT Czech Republic CZ Netherlands NL Denmark DK Poland PL Estonia EE Portugal PT Finland FI Romania RO France FR Slovakia SK Germany DE Slovenia SI Greece GR Spain ES Hungary HU Sweden SE Ireland IE United Kingdom GB Italy IT Selected EU non-member countries Country name Abbr. Country name Abbr. Bosnia and Herzegovina BA Macedonia MK Brazil BR Montenegro ME China CN Russian Federation RU Croatia HR Serbia XS Hong Kong HK Switzerland CH India IN Turkey TR Japan JP United States US Korea, Republic of KR LIST OF CODES OF SECTIONS OF ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISE ACCORDING TO THE SKD 2008 B, C, D, E B MINING AND QUARRYING C MANUFACTURING D ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY E WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES G G WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE, REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES Other activities A AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING F CONSTRUCTION H TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE I ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICE ACTIVITIES J INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION K FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE ACTIVITIES L REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES M PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES N ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICE ACTIVITIES O PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE, COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY P EDUCATION Q HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ACTIVITIES R ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION S OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES T ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS AS EMPLOYERS, UNDIFFERENTIATED GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCING ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR OWN USE U ACTIVITIES OF EXTRATERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND BODIES How to obtain statistical data and information? • on Statistical Office's website www.stat.si • via mail, phone, fax and e-mail address: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia Litostrojska cesta 54, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia phone: +386 1 241 64 04 fax: +386 1 241 53 44 answering machine: +386 1 475 65 55 e-mail: info.stat@gov.si • by ordering statistical publications Litostrojska cesta 54, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia phone: +386 1 241 52 85 fax: +386 1 241 53 44 e-mail: prodaja.surs@gov.si • by visiting the Information Centre office hours: Monday to Thursday from 9.00 to 15.30 Friday from 9.00 to 14.30