ö 7 informatica 1 infornìatica Published by Informatika, Slovene Society for Informatics, Parmova 41, 61000 Ljubljana, Yugoslavia JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS Editorial Board T. Vleksić, Beograd; D. Bltrakov, Skopje; P. Dragojlovlć, Rijeka; S. Hodiar, Ljubljana; B. Horvat, Maribor; A. Mandiid, Sarajevo; S. Mlhallć, Varašdln; S. Turk, Zagreb YU ISSN 0350-5596 Editor-in-Chief : Prof. Dr. Anton P. železnikar Executive Editor : Dr. Rudolf Murn Pub 1 Ish i ng Counc i 1 ; T. Banovev, Zavod SR Slovenije za statistiko, VoZarskl pot 12, 61000 Ljubljana! A. Jerman-Blazi C, DO Iskra Delta, Parmova 41, 61000 Ljubljana; B. Klemencic, Iskra Telematlka, 64000 Kranj; S. Saksida, Institut za sociologijo Univerze Edvarda Kardelja, 61000 Ljubljana J. Vlrant, Fakulteta za elektrotehniko. Tržaška 25, 61000 Ljubljana. Headquar t er s : Informatica, Parraova 41, 61000 Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. Phone: 61 31 29 88. Telex: 31366 yu del ta Annual Subscription Rate: US$ 22 for companies, and US$ 10 for individuals Opinions expressed in the contributions are not necessarily shared by the Editorial Board Printed by: TIskarna Kreslja, Ljubljana VOLUME 11,1987-No. 1 CONTENTS A. P. Zeleznikar 3 A. P. Zeleznikar 4 P. Brajak 19 M. Smllevski 54 J. Sllc, B. -Robi e 61 P. Koeovle A. Temeljotov, D. Mrdakoviö, D. Pav-Selj, D. Cuk M. MalekoviC B. Jerman-BlaZle Informatica - The 10th Anniversary On the Way to Information Designing a RECONFIGU-RABLE INTELIGENT MEMORY MODUL (RIMM) for Performance Enhancement to Large Scale, General Purpose Parallel Processor A Methodological Approach to Defining the Information Contents of Data Base The Review of Some Data Flow Computer Architectures 67 Geometrie Modelling with Use of the Euler Formula 73 Self Diagnostics for EPM -85C Microcomputer 78 Normal Forms in Relational Databases: A Logical Basis 83 Choise of the Coded Character Set for Text Communication in the Presentation Level of RM OSI 88 New Books 90 Letters 91 Author Index of Informatica 10 (1986) informatica Časopis izdaja Slovensko druStvo Informatika, 61000 Ljubljana, Parmova 41, Jugoslavija Uredniški odbor: T. Aleksić, Beograd; D. Bitrakov, Skopjes P. Dragojlovic, Rijeka; S. HodZar, Ljubljana; B. Horvat, Maribor; A. Mandzić, Sarajevo; S. MihallC, VeraZdin; S. Turk, Zagreb ČASOPIS ZA TEHNOLOGIJO RAČUNALNIŠTVA IN PROBLEME INFORMATIKE ČASOPIS ZA RAČUNARSKU TEHNOLOGIJU I PROBLEME INFORMATIKE SPISANIE ZA TEHNOLOGIJA NA SMETANJETO I PROBLEMI OD OBLASTA NA INFORMATIKATA YU ISSN 0350-5596 Glavni in odgovorni urednik; prof. dr. Anton P. Zeleznikar LETNIK 11, 1987-Št. 1 VSEBINA Tehnični urednik : dr. Rudolf Murn Založniški svet: T. Banovec, Zavod SR Slovenije za statistiko, Vozarski pot 12, 61000 Ljubljana; A. Jerman-BlaZi«, IX) Iskra Delta, Parmova 41, 61000 Ljubljana; B. Klemenei«, Iskra Telematika, 64000 Kranj; S. Saksida, Institut za sociologijo Univerze Edvarda Kardelja, 61000 Ljubljana; J. Virant, Fakulteta za elektrotehniko, TrzaSka 25, 61000 Ljubljana. Uredništvo in uprava: Informatika, Parmova 41, 61000 Ljubljana, telefon (061) 312 988; teleks 31366 YU Delta. Letna naročnina za delovne organizacije znaSa 5900 din, za zasebne naročnike 1590 din, za studente 490 din; posamezna Številka 2000 din. Številka Ziro računa: 5 010 1-678-51841 Pri financiranju Časopisa sodeluje Raziskovalna skupnost Slovenije Na podlagi mnenja Republiškega komiteja za informiranje St. 23-85, z dne 29. 1. 1986, je Časopis oproščen temeljnega davka od prometa proi zvodov Tisk: Tiskarna Kresija, Ljubljana A. P. Zeleznikar A. P. Zeleznikar P. Brajak M. Smllevski J. Sile, b. Roble P. KoCoviC A. Temeijotov, D. MrdakoviC, D. Pav-selj, D. Cuk M. MalekovlC B. Jerman-BlàZiC 3 Informatici na pot 4 Na poti k informaciji 19 Nacrt Inteligentnopom-nllniSkega modula (IP-M) za Izboljšavo karakteristik veCproce-sorsklh sistemov 54 Metodološki pristup deflnisanju informaci-onlh sadržaja baze podataka 61 Pregled izbranih podatkovno pretokovnih računalniških arhitektur 67 Geometrijsko modeliranje upotrebom Eulero-V i h f o rmu1 a 73 Občasna notranja diagnostika mikroračunalnika EPM-850 78 Normalne forme u rela-clonim bazama podataka: logičke osnove 83 Izbira kodne strukture v 6. nivoju referenčnega modela OSI za potrebe prenosa in izmenjave podatkov 88 Nove knjige 90 Pisma bralcev 91 Avtorsko abecedno kazalo Časopisa Informatica, letnik 10 (1986) INFORMATICI NA POT INFORMATICA 1/87 UDK 681.3(05)(497.1):519.7 Anton P. Železnikar Inrormatica praznuje desetletnico svojega Izhajanja. Namesto statističnih, i zda jatel j sl< 1 h In vsebinskih podatkov Jo ob njenem prazniku spre-jemara z dobrodošlico o njeni prihodnosti. Vivat Iniorraatica! Umetna inteligenca se je v zadnjem desetletju razvila v razgibano In širno znanstveno, raziskovalno, tehnološko in komercialno dejavfiost. V njej so se zaoela smiselno povezovati idejna in konstrukcijska razmišljanja, katerih dotok je prihajal Iz Čelnih področij Človekovega uma in raziskovanja, kot so filozofija, psihologija, lingvistika, nevrofi z io logi Ja, informatika pa tudi matematika in tehniške znanosti. To raedpodroCno oplajanje umetne Inteligencé pa je rodilo tudi povratni vpliv na njena prvotna izhodišča, saj so se nekatera vprašanja postavljala stvarno in predmetno in ne zgolj filozofsko. Danes je mogoce brez posebnih pomislekov govoriti o vzpodbudnem vplivu umetne inteligence na filozofijo, psihologijo, lingvistiko in informatiko. Metodologija umetne inteligence pa si utira pot tudi v oblikovanje strojev. Vzporedni procesorski sistemi so kot raziskovalno in razvojno področje dobili poseben poudarek: oblikovali naj bi podstat prihodnjih računalniških sistemov. Zamisel vzporednih sistemov temelji Se na stari tehnološki miselnosti, ki prihaja iz Šestdesetih let. Procesorji so v sistem povezani s komunikacijsko mreZo, pri cerner Je vsako procesorsko vozi iSCe dovol j zmogljivo za opravljanje posebnih ali tudi splošnih računalniških operacij. Cilj tega razvoja je računalniški sistem za sploSno uporabo. Danes se značilni vzporednoprocesorskl sistemi uporabljajo za posebne namene. učinkovita in sploSna uporaba vzporednih procesorskih sistemov zahteva nekaj, kar Je celo za Človekov zavestni um dokaj novo: vzporedno razstavljanje vhodnih problemov. Človek govori svoj zunanji (naravni, formalni) jezik zaporedno, saj to ustreza fiziološkemu ustroju njegovih možganov, govorno sprejemnih in Izraznih organov. Vzporedno razstavljanje pa bi zahtevala hkratno govorjenje vec pomenov tako, da bi ti pomeni ustrezali vhodnemu zaporednemu ali zaporednovzporednemu pomenu. Vzporedno razstavljanje problema naj bi opravil stroj, vendar bi moral ta stroj Človek Se zgraditi. Problem vzporednega razstavljanja zaporednega ali zapo-rednovzporednega vhodnega problema do danes Se ni reSen. Na vidiku so samo posebne rešitve za posebne, ocitno paralelne probleme (npr. vzporedno izračunavanje matričnih Členov, dohodkov uslužbencev). To, kar je znaCilno za razvoj novih računalniških generacij, je preseganje t. i. von Neuman-liOvega načela, s katerim se utemeljuje zaporedno delujoči stroj, na katerem se izvajajo zaporedno konstruirani programi. V ZivCnih sistemih deluje biološka substanca vzporedno in v tej substanci se izvajajo tudi vzporedni infor- macijski procesi. Vendar Je potrebno tudi tukaj poudariti, da so določeni korteksnl procesorji ne samo specializirani, temveč so tudi enkratni. Delfin lahko govori In posluSa ve« (do tri) popolnoma loCenlh pogovorov, ker razpolaga z ustreznim številom korteksnlh območij ter z ustrezno prirejenimi (usmerjalnimi in frekven-Cnokanalnlml) sluSnlml In govornimi organi. Za določeno vzporednost je tudi v biološkem sistemu potrebna vzporedna substancna podstat, v njej pa Je omogočena vzporedna procesnost. Preseganje von Neumannovega naCela zahteva tako aparaturno In programsko vzporednost. Japonski projekt pete računalniške generacije si je iz-, bral za cilj navzgornjl razvoj vzporednoproce-sorskega sistèma. Najprej poskuSa zgraditi novo (vzporedno) aparaturno substanco, ki bo omogočala vzporedno procesiranje programov. Ta navzgornjl razvoj pa mora predpostavljati tudi razvoj vzporednoprogramske metodologije, ki pa se posredno ali neposredno vključuje v okvir umetne Inteligence. Tu velja poudariti, da je razvoj umetne inteligence značilno navzdolnji, saj izhaja Iz zamisli v isokostrukt ur i ran i h informacijskih struktur Človekovega uma (sama inteligenca Je višja Informacijska funkcija korteksov) In se odtod spuSCa na posamezna uporabnostna področja. Razvoj umetne inteligence je tako navzdolnje-pragmat1 cen celo na tistih področjih, ki so do nedavna veljala kot formalno trdna (npr. mehanično prevajanje jezikov). Cilj enega In drugega razvoja je v sreca-vanju obeh, v stremljenju, da se nekoC zlijeta v celoto, da eden drugega dopolnita. Področje načrtovanja In graditve hovogeneracij-skih pa tudi današnjih računalniških in informacijskih sistemov postaja tudi Čedalje bolj filozofsko zahtevno, saj se uporaba strojev pa tUdI njihova struktura prIbllKuje vprašanjem, ki segajo v samo bistvo filozofije, procesov v Zlvem, povezave med blloskim in tehnološkim. Načrtovanje strojev In procesov tako te upošteva tudi meje biološko In tehnološko mogočega, ko izreka prepričanje, kaj danes ni mogoCe. Pred nami je novo razumevanje spoznavanja, ki bo bistveno tako za razvoj Človekove misli kot za razvoj njegovih strojev; od obeh bo odvisno preživetje Človeških populacij. Slovstvo S. Ohsuga: Artificial Intelligence as New Generation Computing Technology. New Generation Computing, 4 (19.86) 223-224. M. Nagao: Current Status and Future Trends In Machine Translation. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2 (1986) 77-82. T. Winograd and F. Flores: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Ablex Pubi Corp, Norwood, NJ (1986). NA POTI K INFORMACIJI INFORMATICA 1/87 ON THE WAY TO INFORMATION Anton P. Železnikar UDK 681.3:003:519.76 Iskra Delta, Ljubljana Povzetek. Kaj Je Informacija? Kaj Je Jezik? Kako Je mogoCe prek poti do Jezika priti na pot do Informacije? Kaj Je Intorraatlcno mogoče? Kaj Je Informatizacija In kaj protI Informaci Ja? Ta Članek Je "informacijski" esej o teh vprašanjih in okoli teh vprašanj; z njimi in okoli njih odpira vprašanja o smiselnosti in potrebnosti filozofije o informaciji, o informacijski biti. Kakšen bi lahko bil tehnološki informacijski stroj? Zakaj taksen stroj danes nI mogoe in pod kakšnimi pogoji bi se lahko pojavil? Filozofija informacije Je nujna zaradi raziskave tehnoloških moZnosti pa tudi kot razumevanje spoznavanja v bitju in okolju. Zakaj Informacija informat1zlra, sporočilo le komunicira ali sporoCuje in podatek le podaja? Tehnološka informacija se ne informatizlra In v tem je njena nemoC, ne informa t iCnost, neinteligenCnost. Abstract. What is information? What is language? How it is possible to come across the way to language on the way to information? What is informatively possible? What is the process of Informing and what Is count er-1nformat1 on? This article Is an "information" essay dealing with these questions directly and indirectly. These questions are opening new questions about the meaning and needs of information philosophy, on Being of Information. What could the technological information machine be? Why is such a machine not possible today and under which circumstances could it come into existence? Philosophy of Information is a necessity In researching the possibilities for technological machines and also in understanding cognition in a living being and its enviroment. Why Information is Informing, messages only communicating, and data only giving? Technological information is not informing yet and here lies its weakness, its non-Informing, and Its nonIntel 1Igence. Unterwegs zur Information Zusammenfassung. Was ist Information? Was ist Sprache? Wie gelangt man ueber den Weg zur Sprache auf den Weg zur Information? Was ist das Informatisch Moegliche? Was ist Informat1 s ierung und was 1st Gegeninformation? Dieser Artikel 1st ein "Informat1 scher" Essay uro und ueber diese Fragen; damit bleiben die Fragen der Bedeutung und Notwendigkeit der Philosophie der Information, Seins der Information weiterhin geoefnet. Was koennte eine technologische Informationsmaschine schon sein? Warum 1st eine solche Maschine heute noch nicht moeglich und unter welchen Umstaenden koennte sie er re 1chbar werden? Die Plilosophle der Information ist eine Notwendigkeit bei der Untersuchung technologischer Moeg-llchkeiten und auch bei der Auffassung der Kognition Im Seienden und seiner Umgebung. Warum sagt man: eine Information informati-siert, doch eine Nachricht kann nur komnunizieren und eine Angabe (ein Datum) nur eingeben? Eine technologische Information infor-matislert noch nicht und hier zeigt sich Ihre Schwaeche, ihre Nlcht-lnformatls'ierung, Ihre N1 cht-Intel Ugenz. tl» CO i» (s»^). ««taftKii». -satutitttci)», -g-a K at« SÉ « 11 te i TCD, ^ b T Ž & cn oaraii®)51ja«éiSi4 rWlfflftSlJ X-y-t-fTS«. Z Ò t ©ttcDèi. i® i t) itta«(D«JSa<^B «:tf ■5 6K if® J; ^ttSitttjfi&ttUrtC^aèlBIÉBCttO -5 tziblZ. ««ei'a^BIJ'J-CŽ l/3 « feit akti r (ž 4 C t j t; -r S" ® ^ ti 11) ea tù J; o T 51« te ft C i^iii rg ... Znanstveno In tehnološko usmerjenemu bralcu se bo dozdevalo neverjetno, da je lahko filozoTsko razmišljanje praktleno pomembno pri njegovem delu. FllozoTlja je lahko zabavna raznovrstnost, vendar so teorije, bistvene za tehnološki razvoj, oCltno tiste, ki predstavljajo trdno znanost in tehniko. Midva sva ugotovila prav nasprotno. Teorije 0 naravi biološkega bivanja, o jeziku in o naravi Človekovega delovanja vplivajo v temeljih na to, kako gradimo in kako uporab- 1 j amo obliko.... (Terry Winograd in Fernando Flores: Razumevanje računalnikov in spoznavanja: novi temelji oblikovanja, xii) * Kaj je informacija? Na to vprašanje je potreben izCrpnejSi odgovor, ker je pojem "informacija" v pogovornem Jeziku bistveno zoZen. Kakšen je SirSi pojem? Latinski samostalnik informatio (informai ioni s, f.) ima pomene, kot so predstava, pojem, razlaga, pojasnitev. Današnji pomen pojma informacija Je lahko sirSi, ni le statična, marveč je predvsem dinamična lastnost predstavljanja biti, vsakrsnje pojavnosti v 21vem in neživem svetu. Ta lastnost Informacije Je tedaj tudi informiranje. Latinski glagol Informare ima pomene, kot so upodobiti, obraziti, izobraziti, uciti, predstaviti, predočiti, opisati, misliti si. Informiranje, ki je glagolnik iz informirati, ustrezno dopolnjuje, razširja pomen samostalnika informacija, ki je tako tudi upodabljanje, oblikovanje, uCenje itd. Tako postane pomen informacije tudi informacijsko procesiranje, procesiranje informacije, nastajanje informacije, informati z 1 ran je itd., kar je lahko primerno pri obravnavanju živih informacijskih sistemov, informacijske tehnologije in pri načrtovanju inteligentne Informacije in inteligentnih strojev. Oxfordskl slovar nudi v kontekstu pomena informacije le tri uporabne besede: inform, information, informative, pri Cerner Je pomen besed Inform in informative izveden le Iz besede information, katere pomen je v angleščini značilno zožen tako, da je informacija pasivno informativna. V nadaljevanju bo postopno razvidno, kakšna ie razširjena pomenskost pojma informa- ♦ Angleški naslov knjige Je večpomenski. Možna pomena sta Se tale: "Razumevanje računalnikov in spoznanje" in "Razumevajoči računalniki In spoznanje". Tu Je večpomenskost bržkone namerna. ... Readers with a background in science and technology may find it implausible that philosophical considerations have practical relevance for their work. Phi 1osophy may be an amusing diversion, but it seems that the theories relevant to technological development are those of the hard science and engineering. We have found quite the opposite. Theories about the nature of biological existence, about language, and about the nature of human action have a profound influence on the shape of what we build and how we use it..'.. (Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design, xll) What is information? This question needs an exhaustive answer, because. In colloquial langua-. ge, the notion of "information" is essentially narrowed. What Is the extended notion? The Latin noun Informatio (informati oni s, f.) has various meanings such as: representation, notion, interpretation, explanation. The present meaning of the notion of information can be broa- ' dened; information is not only static, it is a dynamic property, which represents Being as various phenomena in a living and non-living world. This process of information is also Informing. The Latin verb informare has the following meanings: to form, shape, instruct, teach, represent, show clearly, describe, reflect. Informing, which is the gerund of inform, adequately completes and broadens the meaning of the noun information, which is also forming, shaping, arising. Instructing, etc. Thus, the meaning of Information also becomes information processing, processing of information, the coming of information Into existence. Informing, etc. This notion of information can be useful in dealing with living information systems, information technology, and designing intelligent information and intelligent ma-chi nes. In the context of information, The Oxford Dictionary only offers three valid words: inform, information, and Informative, where the meanings of the words inform and informative are deduced solely from the meaning of the word information. In English, this meaning of information Is substantially narrowed in the sense that Information is passively informative. In this article, it will become clear, how the meaning of Information must be extended so that it is active. Although, In many languages in- ci ja v smislu njene aktivnosti. Čeprav v vrsti drugih jezikov obstajajo izvedenke pojma informacije, pa so v angleseini nadaljne izpeljanke nedopustne, čeprav bi bile za razširjeno obravnavo pomenskosti informacije koristne zlasti pri razvoju filozofije o informaciji, ki lahko postane izhodišče pri odločanju o tehnoloških možnostih prihodnjih InformatiCn1 h projektov. Mozne izpeljane besede In njihovi posebni pomeni bi lahko bili v slovenščini: informirati: informiranje, Informizem, informiranost, informirajoč, informljlv, Informljl-vos t ; informacija: informacijski, Intormac1zem, informaci j skos t , informacijalen, informaci jal-nost, informacibi 1 en, informac1b11 nos t ; informativen: informa t i v izem, 1ntormatI vnos t, informa t i v i cen, informa t i v iCnost, Informati-vljiv, informativi jivost; Informatika: informat1 Cen, Informa 11zem, Infor-maticnost, 1nforma t ikalen, 1nformat1 kal nos t, i nformat i k 1 J i v, i nforma 11 ki j 1 vos t ; informatiziran: 1 nf orma t i z 1 ran je , informatlzl-ranizem, informati z iranost, 1nforma ti z 1 Talen, informatlzlralnost, informa t i z iraI j 1 v, i nforma t iziraljivost; informatizacija: informa11 zac 1 jsk1, Informati-zacizem, Informat1 zac 1jskost, 1ntormatIzac1-bllen, InformatizaciblInost. v Cem je smisel, da se pojmovanje Informacije privede v sirsi pomenski kontekst? Informacija je kot oblika informacijskega procesa temelj, na katerem so možne t. 1. predstavitve oziroma predstavljanje znaei 1ni h m i se 1n1 h, tehnoloških, obCevalnlh, fizikalnih, bioloških, kemijskih In domala vsakrsnjih pojavov. Informacija je lahko predstavitveni temelj razumevanja pojavnosti, torej podstat vsakrSnje procesnostl vesoljnega sveta. Informacija, ki se pojmuje dovolj Široko, je lahko univerzalni temelj razumevanja, spoznavanja, predstavljanja sveta v doloCenl biti In kar je Se pomembnejše, tudi izven dolo-Cene bitij to velja tudi za bit informacije! informacija ne pozna omejenosti, discipliniranosti, utesnjenosti, ki so značilne za filozofijo, literaturo, znanost, umetnost ali celo za sam zunanji, naravni jezik. Informacija nastaja in s tem presega vse prepovedi, tabuje, mite, idole, v sebi razpoznava njihova bistva; v tem je njena prednost, neodvisnost, vseobseznost, nadrejenost, nadrazmernost glede na folozofske sisteme, literarne forme, znastvene teorije, u-metniski artlzem, jezikovne zakonitosti, kar vse so v bistvu kulturne, zunanje, ideologlzi-rane oblike, ideološko in medijsko pogojene ob-likovnosti. Informacija Ima v sebi vselej svojo svobodno, neomejeno, nepredvidljivo komponento nastajanja, oživljajoče razvojnostl. Prav zaradi te vseobseznos11, svobodnostl, razvojne potence informacije je potrebno razvijati mišljenje o njej, o njeni nastajalnostl , tj. filozofijo informacije. To raziskovanje Informacije, nastajanje znanja o nastajajočem, o mogoCem nastajajočega je potrebno tudi zaradi ocenjeva-' nja mo2nosti in nemoZnosti realizacije Informacijskega v živem in tehnološkem. Veliki Informacijski projekti začenjajo brez nujne filozofske predpriprave o informacijsko mogoCem In vobce ne dosegajo obljub, pričakovanj In napovedi, ki jih na svojih začetkih izpovedujejo. Projekti umetne inteligence in novih računalniških sistemov so Jasni dokazi filozofske nedorečenosti Informacije In projektne neuspešnosti zaradi filozofske neraziskanosti Informacije in njenih s i s t emo v. formation has a number of derivatives, in English these derivatives are not available. However, they could be useful for the extended treatise of the meaning of Information and In the development of Information philosophy. This enables a realm for deciding what the technological possibilities of future Information projects are. Mechanically derived words and their particular meanings might be the following: inform: informing, Informlsm, Informness, in- formingness, informlty, Inforraable; information: Informational, 1nformat i onism, in-formatlonalism, 1nformatloness, informatio-nality, 1nformat1onable ; Informative: informatI v 1sm, 1nforma t ivness, informativi ty, 1nforma11 vabi e ; informatics: Informatleal, Intormatlsm, infor- maticness, Informatleity, 1nforma11 cab 1 e ; informatlze: 1nformati z 1ng, Informa t ize1sm, Informat i zeness , informat1zable i informatization: informa 11 za 11onal, informati-zatlonlsm, informa t izatIoness, informatiza-tlonable. What does the notion of information in a broader context of meaning enable? Information, as a form of an information process, is the foundation on which the so-called representations or characteristic represent 1ngs are possible, e. g. as there exist mental, technological, communicational, physical, biological, chemical, and almost all kinds of phenomena. Information can be the representational foundation of phenomenal understanding, and by this, the substance of various processing in thre entire world. Information, when understood in a broader sense, can be a universal foundation for understanding, cognition, representation of the world In a Being, and what Is even more important, representation the world outside of a Being. This is also valid in the case of the Being of Information. Unlike in information, phenomena of limiting appear characteristically. In the form of disciplines and obstacles, in philosophy, literature, science, art or even in an external, natural language itself. Information is coming into existence and so It surpasses all prohibitions, taboos, myths, and Idols by recognizing them in Itself. On this route lies its advantage, independence, all-embracing, and superiority. Also on this route lies its relativity in comparison to philosophical systems, literary forms, scientific theories, artistic styles, and linguistic legality, all of which are essentially cultural and external forms, which are being ideologically and medially conditioned. information Is always In the possession of its free, unlimited, non-foreseeable component of arising, which Is coning into existence and developing life. Because of Its all-embracing, freedom, and development power, information can be useful in developing the notion of information and information arising, i. e. the philosophy of Information. This research of information, of the arising of knowledge of arising, and of the possibility of this arising is also necessary for the evaluations of the possibilities and Impossibilities of information realization in the living and technological surroundings. Large Information projects start without the necessary philosophical preparations concerning the Information possibilities. In general, these projects are not reaching their promise, expectations, and foreca-stings which are given In their Initial stages. Some artificial intelligence and new generation computer systems projects are becoming evident proof of the philosophical Indistinctness of information and of the projects unsuccessful-ness due to the lack of philosophical information and information systems investigations. ... Kako je mogoče domišljati bit drugaCe, kol to, kar se nikoli ne spremeni? Kako je mogoCe domišljati Cas drugaCe, kot minljivo, nenehno spremenljivo domeno bivanja? (Joan Stambaugh v Martin He ideggrovem: O času i n b i t i, i X ) Kaj je jezik? Jezik je posebna oblika informacije. Po Heideggru je jezik pot k jeziku. Jezik govori, prav za prav jezikuje sam s seboj. Z jezikom bo govorjeno o inCormaclji, o njeni pojavnosti, o njenem obstoju, nastajanju. Predvsem o nastajanju. Informacija Je nastajajoč pojav, je na poti k informaciji. Jezik je visoka informacijska oblika in prek njega, njegovega govorjenja, jezikovanja jezika bo vodila pot k i nformac i j 1. Formula, da Je informacija razumljiva sama po sebi, je smiselna. Uporaba te formule nalaga, da se z informacijo oblikuje pot do informacije ,z govorjenjem jezika na poti do jezika. To Je pot do jezika o informaciji. Ali sploh obstaja Se katera od drugih, nejezikovnih poti na poti k informaciji, na poti k njenemu spoznavanju? Ta uvod je potreben, je nujen, da se ostane na poti k informaciji. Bit informacije Je rekuren-tna. Kaj Je informacijska rekurentnost? Z matematičnim pojmom rekurz i vnos t i , deflnitorne, funkcijske rekurz 1 vnos t i ni mogoce razkriti poti do Informacijske rekuren t nos t i . Ce bi bilo to mogoče, bi matematična rekurzivnost 2e lahko zgradila pot do jezika. Jezikovna abstraktnost rekurz i vnos t i Je formalen jezik, metajezik. Formalnost je 2e sama po sebi pod Jezi kovna, me t a Jezi kovna, slovnična, bistveno pomensko okrnjena, poenostavljena, formalizirana Jezl-kovnost, za pot k informaciji pa je potrebna vsa raznollcnost Jezikovnost i, razvijajoča, nastajajoča jezikovnost, ki zmore graditi pot do informacije s potjo do Informacijske reku-rentnosti. Ta rekurentnost pa je razen tega Se informacijsko generativna, sestavljajoča, novo-nastajajoca, je pa tudi paralelnostna , paralelno i nf ormac 1 j ska, procesirnoparalelna. Gradnja poti do informacijske rekurentnost 1. z Jezikom je svojevrstno omejena z Jezikovno neparalelno-stjo, SlbkoparalelnostJo. Jezik Se ne jezikuje zadovoljivo veC svojih poti hkrati, paralelno jezikovnost mora v sebi Sele vsakokrat razvijati s posebno obliko zaporedne pomenskostl. Toda kako? Sicer bo sam govoreCi, Jezikovani Jezik nezadosten za pot k informaciji, ki jI je paralelna procesnost temeljna. Implicitna, informaci J skopogo j na . Jezik lahko 1nformat1Cnost le modelira, s tem pa jo hkrati tudi oblikovno filtrira, Jezikovnopovrat no modulira, pomensko poenostavlja in s tem popacuje. Bit informacije Je para 1elnoseri jsko Informaci j skoproces i rno spletanje, prepletanje, nastajanje, izginjanje, nenehna spremenljivost, pa-raleIno-seri j ska procesnost njene biti same. Informacija je spreminjanje njene trenutne oblikovnosti, def i nitornosti, paralelnost i, je naraščanje in izginjanje njene zapletenosti, prepletenosti in Širjenje v novo obllkovnost vedno znova na nove načine. Informacija je proces, je dinamičnost. Statičnost Informacije je podatkovanj e, sporoCevanje, torej posebna oblika statične informacijske dinamičnosti. ... How can Being be thought other than as that which never changes? How can time be thought other than as the perishable, constantly changing realm of existence? ... (Joan Stambaugh In Martin Heidegger's: On Time and Being, ix) What is language? Language is a particular form of information. According to Heidegger, language Is on the way to language. Language Is conversing, Is actually speaking with language Itself. Language has the capability to speak about information, information phenomenon, information existence, and how Information is coming into being. The most Important subject of this essay is the coming of information into existence. Information Is a growing phenomenon and is on its way to (new) information. Language is a highly Informative form and across it, across its conversing. Its speaking of ^nguage itself, It will lead the way to information. The formula that Information can be understood by Itself Is meaningful. This formula requires that the way to information has to be realized by information's use of the conversing of language on the way to language. The question to be pursued is whether a non-11ngu1 s t ic way on the way to Information, on the way to information cognition, can exist at all? This introduction is necessary, actually indispensable for remaining on the way to information. Being of Information is recurrent. What is information recurrency? By using a mathematical notion of recurs Ivness, I. e. definitional or functional recurs Ivness, It Is not possible to discover the way to Information recurrency. If this were possible, then mathematical recursivness would be able to build the way to language. The linguistic abstraction of recursivness is a formal language, a metalanguage. Formalism by itself is subì inguis t ic, metalinguistic, grammatical, and truncates essential meaning from a language. Formalism itself is a formalised language. However, on the way to information, all linguistic heterogeneity, language's ability of development and growth is needed, so that the way to information can be built up by the way of information recurrency. In addition, this recurrency Is Information generative, assembling, new-growing, and also parallel, I. e. Information and processing parallel. Building the way to information recurrency by language Is specifically limited by either language's non-parallelism or weak-parallelism. Language does not speak satisfactorily in more than one way simultaneously, so anytime it becomes necessary, it is forced to develop an equivalent form of sequential meaning. But in what manner? A self-speaking, conversing language would not be sufficient for the way to information, to which the parallel processing Is fundamental, implicit, and information conditioned. Through language, a process of Informing can only be modeled, and therefore it Is formally filtered, language reversely modulated, simplification of the meaning of Informing and consequently, distorted. The Being of Information Is paral 1 el-ser I al information processing, which is twisting, interweaving, growing, vanishing, continuously varying, and parallel-serial processing of the Information Being Itself; Information is varying in its momentary pattern, def i n i t enes.s , meaning, and parallelism. It is growing and Informacija Ima lastnost pro t i informat ičnos11. Tu se pojavlja informatiöna posebnost, ki je zaenlcrat le poimenovana. Kaj je pro 11 i nf o rmac I-ja? Kakšna je njena pot, po kateri poti dosegljiva? Prot i informacija bo ha poti do Informacije, pa tudi do pro t i informac1J e. Informacija le vselej tudi pro t i I ntorraaoi j ska, je njena lastnost nastajanja informacije v informaciji. Prot i Informatifinost je lastnost Živega in bržkone tudi neživega, vesoljnega; vendar tehnološke proti informati«nos t i na poti informacijskega nastajanja na vseh mogoCih informacijskih ravneh, višjih in zlasti nizjih, Se ni. Zaradi tega Je razvoj filozofije informacije s filozofsko proti informalienostjo nujen kot razumevanje bitja in kot možnost bitjevskih informacijskih strojev; ta filozofski, jezikovni razvoj je bistven za razumevanje Živih strojev, strojev za preživljanje in s tem tudi za spoznavanje možnosti razvoja tehnoloških informacijskih strojev. Bit informacije je informacijska. Informacijska bit je ne samo spremenljiva, je nastajajoča; to ni bit vseh moznih informacij, je tudi bit ne-moznih informacij, ki bodo v sami biti o biti nastale. Bit informacije je Živa, nepredvidljivo nastajajoča bit, ki je filozofsko ni mogoCe kar tako uokviriti. vanishing in its complexity and interweaving and propagating In a new pattern in a repeatedly new manner. Information is both, a process and Information dynamics. Statics of information are data transfer and conmunicat i on. These are particular phenomena of the static information dynamics. Information has the nature of counter-information processing. Here information philosophy is faced with Information peculiarity. What is counter-information? What Is the way to counter-information and by which way is it attainable? Counter-lnformat1 on will be on the way to information, but also on the way to counter-information. Information Is also always counter- i nformat i ve ; this is the way information comes Into being within Information. The process of counter-Informing Is a property of the living world and probably also of lifeless space, of cosmos. A technological process of counter-Informing on the way to information, which can grow and appear at all possible information levels, e. g. higher and particularly lower ones, has never existed. However, the development of information philosophy which incorporates philosophical counter-informing is becoming Inevltablely necessary tor the understanding of living beings, and also for the possibility of understanding the being's information machines. New philosophical, linguistic development has to be elaborated for future understanding of living machines, of machines for survival and of cognition, which may lead to the possibilities tor future development of technological information machines. Cas je pot, na kaleri informacija informatizl-ra, na kateri informat i z 1 ran j e postaja protiin-(ortuat tzi mnje . Toda i n t o rmat i z 1 ran j e ni ničesar drugega kot pojav, v katerem se pojavlja informacija. Tako je Cas samo drug naCin, s katerim se pove, da informacija nastaja; v tem smislu je pot k easu zamenjana s potjo k Informaciji in bit Casa je del biti informacije. Tako je Cas regularna informacija na področju informaci je. The Being of Information is information. The Information Being is not only variable, it Is also coming into existence; it is not only the Being of all possible information, of all that exists, but also the Being of Impossible information, which may come Into existence in the Being and concerns the Being. The Being of information Is alive and unforeseeable becoming Being, which cannot be philosophically framed at all. Time Is the way In which information informs. In which Informing Is becoming count er-I nfor-ming. But Informing is nothing else than the phenomenon in which information Is coming into being. So, time Is only another way of stating that information Is coming Into existence. In this respect, the way to time is replaced by the way to information and Being of Time Is becoming a part of the Being of Information. Here, time is becoming a regular Information in the information realm. ... Kajtl mišljenje mora, da bi bilo resnično, misliti tudi proti samemu sebi... (Marko UrSiC: Enivetok, 87) ... Por remaining sincere, mind also has to think against itself... (Marko UrslC: Enivetok, 87) KaJ je informacijska oblika in kaj informacijski proces? Informacijska oblika je označitev za znaSilen informacijski proces. Informacijski procesi se pojavljajo v Zivi substanci, kot so Zlve molekule, celice, organizmi, ZIvcni sistemi, možgani, bitja, množice bitij, Zlve populacije, bitjevska in populacijska okolja; v neživem svetu, v tehnoloških napravah so informacijski procesi prisotni v različnih statičnih in dinamičnih stanjih materije, energije, prostora in casa. Informacijski proces je tako lahko kateri koli informacijsko doumljeni proces, stanje, oblika univerzuma. Mišljeno preprosto, poenostavljeno: informacija v nezivem svetu je kot materialni, energijski, prostorki. What is an Information form and what is an information process? An information form is only a designation for a characteristic information process. Information processes are appearing in living substance such as molecules of life, cells, organisms, nerve systems, brains, beings, groups of beings, living populations, being and population environments. In the nonliving world, e. g. technological equipments, information processes are present In various static or dynamic states of matter, energy, space and time. Thus, an Information process can be any information-comprehended process, i. e. any state or form of the universe. This can be thought of in a simple or simplified Časovni proces; informacija v živem svetu je l. Ontologija bitja je med drugim bltjevsko razumevanje sveta, notranji bitjevskl model sveta, ki vpliva na njegovo obnašanje v povezavi z me-dialno senzorsko informacijo, oblikovanjem Čustev, odločitvenim mehanizmom volje in s povratno senzorsko informacijo obnašanja. Tu bitje spoznava svet, razumeva to spoznavanje, kopici izkušnje o spoznavanju, o razumevanju, o razumevanju spoznavanja. Tu je vsaka subjektivna zavest značilno ontološka in vsako bitje si s tem pridobiva svojo ontologijo, ki se predstavlja s svojskim načinom mišljenja in obnašanja, ki je pogojena s svojskim informa t i z i ran Jem bitja. Subjektivnost bitja Je zajeta v njegovi ontologiji, ki Je zanj značilna, namerna, celostna bitjevska informacija. Vsaka ontologija, tako ali drugaCe subjektlvi-zirana. Je subjektivni pojav bltjevske slepote (Heidegger). Informacijska ontologija oblikuje osnovo za razumevanje spoznavanja, ki Je tublt, bitje samo, bitjevska celostna informacija, ontologija bitja. Ontologija nI niC drugega, kot stopnja informacijske slepote, ko bitje vrZeno v svet, Zivi in se obnaSa s to slepoto, jo kot zanj bistveno Informacijo spreminja, ko se prilagaja, medlalno obnaSa. Tu se pokaZe, kako Je refleksivno mišljenje nemogoCe brez tiste oblike abstrakcije, ki je slepota, ali s 1 ep I lo samo. , Any processing of the non-living or living world" can be understood, perceived, and recognized as information, 1. e. the essence of an Information phenomenon. A living being experiences the world, itself, and the environment as Its information. From a philosophical point of view this experience Is its metaphysics or ontology. That is. to say, a living being's information Is subjective, Is subjectively filtered external Information, subjectively abstract, environmentally historical, and memory shaped. But in Itself, In the Individuality of a being and particularly through the projection of this individuality. Information Is metaphysically or ontologlcally displaced or translated. This ontology Is a developing activity on the Information level, an activity of Informing, which Is modeling new Information phenomena of a being by continuous processing. Through its own ontology, a being is influencing Its environment behavioural1y, where behaviour is a consequence of Information. Ontology is abstract, symbolically condensed information of a being; it is a highly functional information, called counter-Information. As a living being becomes aware of Its ontology, it Is resisting, rising against this ontology by the consciousness of counter-Information and by objecting to this information sub Jectiveness. Hence, it enters Into a new ontology (meta-phys ics). A being's ontology is also a being's understanding of the world or more precisely a being's internal world model. This model Influences a being's behaviour which Is dependent on the medial sensory information, the forming of emotions, decision mechanism of the will, and feedback sensory information concerning the behaviour. At this point, a being Is recognizing the world, understanding cognition and accumulating experience of cognition and general understanding. On this level, every subjective consciousness is characteristically ontologlcal, so that every being Is gaining Its ontology. This ontology is represented by a characteristic way of thinking and behaving which is conditioned by a characteristic Informing of a being. Subjectivity Is scoped in a being's ontology and It represents a being's characteristic, intentional, and total Information. Each ontology, which IB subjective In one way or another. Is a particular phenomenon of a being's blindness (Heidegger). An ontology of Information can become a foundation for the understanding of cognition, which Is the being-in-the-world, a being by itself, a being's total Information, and a being's ontology. .An ontology is nothing more than a degree of Information blindness. When a being is thrown Into the world, its ontology is developed by living and behaving with the blindness, altering this blindness as the. being's essential information, and adapting and medially behaving. At this point it becomes clear, how reflexive thinking Is not possible without a form of abstraction, which is the blindness or illusion itself. Vsako zivo bitje je tudi informacijsko zaslepljeno; zaslepljenost izvira iz naCIna nastajanja informacije v Zlvem; to nastajanje je Informaci j sko-1 rans forma t ivno, strukturno-abstra- Each living being Is also fascinated or blinded informatively. This blindness Is arising In the same way, in which living information is coming into existence. Because this "arising is information transformative and structurally abstract, it Is In this respect subjective and ktno in v vsem tem subjektivno, ontološko oziroma metafizično. Zaradi lega je bitje tako ali drugaee vrženo v svet, v okolje, v svoje bivanje In tako soočeno z okoliškim pritiskom nastajanja bltjevske Informacije. metaphysical. Therefore, a being which Is thrown Into the world, into Its environment, and into Its existence, in one way or another, is faced with the environmental pressure on originating its information. ... "Naprej" - v tisto naslednje, kar vseskozi prehitevamo, kar nas vedno znova vtu-juje, ko ga zagledamo. (Martin Heidegger: UZS, S9) Iz pogovora o jeziku. ... "Vor" - In jenes Naechste, das wir staendig uebereilen, das uns jedesmal neu befremdet, wenn wir es erblicken. ... (Martin Heldeggert der Sprache, UZS, i Aus einem Gespraech von 9) Informacijski proces oziroma informacijska oblika ima lastnost posebne informaticnost1, imenovane prot11nforma t iCnost. Informacija ima lastnost procesnosti, in sicer informacijske procesnosti, ki je tudi sama informacija. Pro-cesnost informacije je informacijska. Informacija nastaja s svojo procesnostjo. Procesnost je informaciji imanentna, je v njej sami vsebovana kot dejavnost, pojavnost informacijske razvojnostl, spremenljivosti. Ta lastnost informacije je prot11nformat1enost. Prot 1 informacija Je z informacijsko procesnostjo iz Informacije nastajajoča nova Informacija in nova informacijska procesnost. To )e moC, zmogljivost Informacijske procesnosti v sami informaciji, kjerkoli se informacija pojavlja. Delovanje lastnosti protiInformatlenostl je mogoCe opazovati v najenostvnejsih in v najzapletenejSih Informacijskih procesih Živega sveta, od 21vlh molekul do najvišjih organizmov. Molekule Življenja, kot so DNA, RNA in beljakovine, so hkrati informacijski objekti. Informacijski arhivi in Informacijski stroji, ki iz arhivske informacije raznovrstno slntetizirajo nove molekule v odvisnosti od stanj njihovih okolij. Nove molekule Imajo vobCe tudi nove Informacijske, reaktivne lastnosti. Molekularna proti informatienost ni samo genskomutacijska sintezna preslikava, je tudi okolIskoodv1 sna in v neznanem okolju nepredvidljiva, nenapovedlJ1-va. Na celienl ravni je informacijska diferenciranost Se vefija. Pojav novih virusov, bakterij, celic z njihovo novo Informacijsko organizacijo je nepredvidljiv. Organizem odgovarja bolezenskim napadalcem s pripravo novih imunskih in ImunskopomniInlh molekul, ki napadalce razpoznavajo in organizirajo njihovo nevtrall-zacijo. Ti molekularni procesi so povezani z branjem In razpoznavanjem molekularne Informacije, z njenim prepisovanjem in preurejanjem, s prevajanjem te informacije v molekularno sintezo in prek nje z nastajanjem nove, v molekulah arhivirane informacije. Posledica tega informacijskega dinamizma je razvoj živega, evolucijskega in Zivijenskega. Razvoj je esenca informatlenostl, pro 11 informat1enost pa bistvo Informacijskega razvoja, razvoja informacije iz manjše v veCjo zapletenost pa tudi obratno, v novo pomenskost, biološko ucinkovainost. Miselnost bitja je kot korteksna procesnost razvijajoča od bltjevske zaploditve do njegove smrti. Informacija uravnava prek dednih zasnov biološko rast bitja, nastajanje bltjevske biološke substance, organov, bitja kot osebka, uravnava pa tudi vse procese v tej substanci, Zlvljenske, prav za prav informacijske procese. An Information process or an information form has the property of counter-Informing, which Is a special form of Informing. Information has the property of processing, namely Information processing, which is, by Itself, Information. Processing of information is Information. Information is coming into existence or into being by Its own processing. Processing is immanent to information and it Is a part of Information itself; it Is an information activity, phenomenon of Information development and information variability. This processing of information is counter-Informing. Counter-1nfor-matlon comes Into existence from Information. As information Informing or information processing acts on Information, the consequence Is new Information and new processing. This is the power and ability of information processing within Information Itself, Irrespective of where Information is coming into existence. The functioning of the property of counter-lnfor-mlng can be observed in the simplest and most complex processes of the living world, from molecules of life to the highest organisms. Molecules of life like DNA, RNA, and proteins are Information objects, Information archives,' and Information machines simultaneously. They diversely synthesize new molecules on the basis of stored Information and molecular environmental states. In general, new molecules carry new information and new reacting properties. Molecular counter-Informing is not only a synthesis mapping of a gene mutation, it is also environmentally dependent, not expected In an unknown environment, and not foreknown. On the cell level, information diversity is becoming even greater. The appearance of new viruses, bacteria, and cells having new organization of information is non-foreseeable. Organisms respond to pathological invadors by producing new linnu-ne and Immunity storage molecules which are able to recognize invadors and to organize neutralization of them. These molecular processes are closely connected with reading, recognizing and transcribing molecular information, rearrangement of amino acids, or with the translation of this information by molecular synthesis. Through these processeé new molecules are coming into being which have new information being stored. A consequence of this information dynamics is the development of existing, of evolution, and of life. Development is the essence of Informing and counter-Informing is the nature of information development, of development from information having a lower complexity to Information having a higher complexity and also vice versa. This is a development into a new meaning and a new biologic effectiveness. The mind of a being is more precisely the development of the being'is cortices, cortical and other information processing from the being's conception to its death. Here, information which uses hereditary schemes is not only controlling the arising and growth of biologic substance, organs and cortices of the being. v korteksu človeka doseže informa 11Cnost svoj zavestni viSek, notranji govor, ali natančneje zavestno notranje jezikovanje bitjevskega Jezika, bitjevski protijezik, primerek protilnfor-raatiCnega abstrakta bitja, njegove biti. but also all processes In this substance and processes of life, both of ^Ich are actually information processes. In tBe human cortex the process of Informing Is reaching the highest point of consciousness, the Internal speech or more precisely a conscious Internal speaking of a being's language, and a being's counter-language, which is a case of being's counter-Information abstraction, of being's Being. ... Ostajajoče v mišljenju Je pot. In poti mišljenja vsebujejo v sebi skr i vnostnopol-no, da jih lahko hodimo naprej in nazaj, da nas celo Sele pot nazaj vodi naprej. (Martin Heidegger: UZS, 99) Iz razgovora o Jeziku. ... Das Bleibende lm Denken 1st der Weg. Und Denkwege bergen In sich das Geheimnisvolle, dass wir sie vorwaerts und rueckwaerts gehen koennen, dass sogar der Weg zurueck uns erst vorwaerts fuehrt. (Martin Heidegger: Aus einem Qespraech von der Sprache, UZS, 99) Kaj je bitjevski jezik? Informacija bitja Je strukturirana oblikovno In pomensko, z bitjev-sköznacilno, individualno 1 ingvi s 11Cnost J o. Nastajanj e b i t J e vske informacijske strukturirano-sti Je bržkone nujno, pogojeno z imperativom informacijske nas ta J a 1 nos t i, razvojnosti. Informacijska jezikovnost bitja nastaja kot Informacija, kot odgovarjanje bltjevske procesne informa t iCnošt i na zunanjo, senzorsko informacijo in njenih posledic, razpoznanih skozi bit-, jevsko obnašanje v danem okolju. Čeprav okolje sproža nastajanje informatiCne strukturirano-stl, ostaja ta bltjevsko značilna, značilnost bitja glede na njene poudarke, specifične obli-kovnosti in pomenske svojskostl. V tem strukturnem kontekstu nastaja notranji jezik, bltjevsko miselno jezikovanje, bitjevska jezikovna razvojnost. To je le ena izraed mogoClh predstav o bitjevski o jez i kov 1 jenost i informacije. Bitjevski jezik je primarna informacijska pojavnost bitja, bistvo bitja, njegova sprejemljivost, i zraZevalnost oziroma obnaSevalJnost v informacijskem kontekstu bitja in njegovega okolja. Bitjevski jezik je vobce večplasten, vecgloblnsk1, organiziran hierarhično, struk-turnoznaciIno. Do tu Je to bitjevski notranji, miselni Jezik. Od tu naprej se zaCenJa bitjevski zunanji jezik, to Je tisti Jezik, s katerim bitje tnforma t i zira svoje okolje in s katerim sprejema svojo informatizacijo in s tem Informatizacijo sebe iz okolja. Zunanji Jezik bitja je glede na njegov notranji jezik drugoten,; Je le vmesna sporazume va 1 na stopnja. Informacijski mehanizem med notranjim, v bitju vdomljenlm jezikom in med zunanjo, bitju vtujeno pojavnostjo. Ojezikovljena informacijska vdomljenost in vtujenost, njuna razmernost je med drugim izvirnost bltjevske proti informatiCnos11. Vtujenost je imanentna zunanjemu, jeziku, vdomljenost notranjemu, razlika med obema jezikoma Je vselej bistveno informa t i zac I j ska. Zunanji Jezik bitja so njegovi Čutni, naravni in seveda formalni Jeziki okolja. To so jeziki, ki jih bitje uporablja pri svojem Cutnem-jezi-kovnem informa t i z i ran j u. Vsi ti Jeziki so drugotni glede na notranji Jezik bitja in bitje jih uporablja v informacijskem kontekstu z drugimi bitji, s stroji In z okoljem. What Is a being's language? Information of a being is formally and meaningly structured by the being's characteristic, Individual linguistics. When coming into existence, a being's Information structure Is probably a necessity, which Is conditioned by the Impérative of the growth and development of Information. A being's information linguistics Is coming into existence as information, as the answering of a being's Informing processing to external, sensory Information, and as sensory consequences, which are recognized through a being's behaviour In a given environment. Even the environment Is Igniting the growth of the Information structure and this structure remains characteristic of the being according to information accents, specific forms, and meaning. In this structural context. Internal language, which Is a being's mind conversing with itself, and the development of internal language ace coming into existence. But this Is only one of the possible models of being's information linguistics. A being's language Is a primary information phenomenon of a being. It Is the essence of a being, of a being's accepting, expressing or behaving in its information context and in its environment. In general, a being's language has many layers and great depth, which Is organized hierarchically and Is structurally characteristic. Up to here, a being's Internal language is a language of thought. At this point, a being's external language begins, by which a being is informing its environment, receiving its own Informing, and informing itself from the environment. In comparison with Internal language, the external language Is a secondary affair, which is only an Intermediate step of understanding. External language, which is a being's strange phenomenon, is an Information mechanism between the Internal language, which is a being's native language, and the environment. The relationship between linguistic information domesticity and linguistic information strangeness Is conditioning the originality of being's counter-Informing. Strangeness Is Immanent to the external language and domesticity to the Internal language; the difference between these languages Is always Information essential. Sensory, natural, and certainly formal languages of the environment comprise a being's external language. These languages are used by a being for Its sensory-11nguI s 11c Informing. All these languages have a secondary value according to a being's Internal language and a being uses them mainly in an Information context with other beings, machines, and the environment. ... pokazali bomo, kako lahko prehod iz ra-clonali s t lene v heldeggrsko perspektivo radikalno spremeni nase pojmovanje računalnikov in nase metode pri računalniškem oblikovanju . ... (Terry Winograd in Fernando Flores: Razumevanje računalnikov in spoznavanja: novi temelji oblikovanja, 37) Kaj je informatizacija, kaj informa t i z i ran je? Informatizacija Je najsplošnejši proces nastajanja informacije; ta proces je lahko samona-stajalen, no t ran j e informaci jski, lahko Je pa tudi zunanJenasta J a 1 en , nastajajoč zaradi zunanjih, senzorskih informacij. Informati zi ran je Je posledica informacije, ki spreminja sebe in druge informacije na svoji poti, s svojo pro-cesnostjo k novi informaciji. V informacijski interakciji lahko bitja medse-boj le informatizirajo; informa t i zac i jsk1 pojav med bitji je posledica večkratnega preoblikovanja informacije v bitjih na poti do bitjevskih korteksov, kjer prihaja do opomenjena informacijskih pojavnosti. Ko bitje sprejme sporočilo prek svojega drugotnega jezika, prihajajočega po Čutnih poteh, se to sporočilo-lnformaci ja ne samo preoblikuje, povzroCa tudi nastajanje obrobnih informacij in njihovo integracijo v kontekst prvotnega sporočila-informacije. Sprejemanje sporočila sproža v bitju nastajanje informacije, Informatizacijo sporočila, ' njegovo predelavo v bitjevski notranji jezik, skratka regularno informatizacijo. Pri tem je za razumevanje sporočila Se kako pomemben informacijski kontekst v obliki notranjega modela sveta {prepričanj, napovedi), flltrirnlh in modulacijskih mehanizmov. Čustev in volje (trenutnega obnaSan Ja ). Bitja tako vselej informatizirajo in ne zmorejo komunicirati v cistern pomenu. Komunikacija bi pomenila bolj ali manj natančno sprejemanje tujega mišljenja, tuje zavesti po obliki in pomenu. Taksen informacijski prenos informacije med bitji funkcionalno v informacijsko procesirajoči živi substanci ni mogoC, kar se ocitno kaže Ze na ravni molekularne "komunikacije". To War bi bilo mogoče razumeti kot komunikacijo na korteksni ravni, je le se zaupanje drugim bitjem, avtoriteti in pričevanju. Komuniciranje v Cistern pomenu bi bilo abstraktno Informa t izlra-nje brez informacijskih primesi, kar pa zaradi nevrofi z ioloskega ustroja bitja ni raogoce. Komunikacija pa je mogoča med stroji in sporočila so lahko zapisana na papirju v naravnem ali formalnem jeziku tako na oddajni kot na sprejemni strani. Komunikacija je informacijsko stabilen pojav, v celoti napovedljiv, pričakovan; informatizacija Je vobce nenapovedlj i va, nepredvidljiva, svobodna, pogojena z ustrojem, stanjem in pomenom bitjevskega notranjega jezika. Delno napovedljiva je le informatizacija us trahovanega, avtoritarno vpllvanega, indok-triniranega, ideo logi z i ranega, informacijsko usmerjenega, komunikacijsko sprejemljivega bitja, ki svojo informatizacijo zakriva, jo podvaja, razceplja za različne uporabe. V tem primeru je Informatizacija bitja popačena, zanj izkrivljena, patološka. Ze na ravni molekul življenja, npr. molekul imunstcega sistema bitja je mogoče razumeti, kako sta zdravje in bolezen informacijska in predvsem tudi Informacijsko ... we will show how shifting from a rationalistic to a Heideggerlan perspective can radically alter our conception of computers and our approach to computer design. ... (Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design, 37) What is Informing? I ral process in which existence. This proce internal information formation which come sequence of external, processing itself int ming is a consequence altering the initial other information on nforming is the most geneinformation Is coming into ss can be self-developing, or it can be external ins into existence as a con-sensory information. By o new information, Infor-of information, which is information, itself, and its wa y. In interactions among information, beings can only inform each other. This Informing phenomenon among beings is a consequence ol multiple transformations of information on the way to a beings' cortices, where the meaning of information phenomena Is coming Into existence. When a being receives a message in the form of its secondary (external) language propagating on sensory paths, this message-informati on is not only being transformed, but it also causes the growth of additional related information and their integration into the context of the originally received message-information. Receiving a message fires the growth of information, and brings new information into existence, which is the so-called message Informing, More precisely, reception of a message transforms the message Into the Internal language, and performs Informing as a regular way of information. At this point, the information context of the Internal world model (beliefs, forecasts), filtering and modulating mechanisms, and emotions and will (instantaneuos behaviour) are of essential importance for understanding the message. Beings, incapable of coarounIca11ng in a pure sense, are always informing. Communication would be more or less the exact receiving of a strange thought or of a strange consciousness by form and meaning. This type of information transfer among beings In their processing substance of living Information cannot be realized; this is becoming evident even on the level of molecular "coranunicat ion". That, which is possible to understand as comnunicat I on on the cortical level, is only the confidence of a being to messages coming from other beings, authority, and persuasion. Communication in a pure sense Is an abstract Informing without information additions. This way of Informing is not possible because of the neurophysiological structure of a being. Pure communi cat I on can be realized only among machines. Messages, which can be exchanged between machines, are written in a natural or a formal language. Communication is an information stable phenomenon, which can be forecasted and expected in its whole. Informing, In general, cannot be forecasted or foreseen; It is free and conditioned only by its structure, state, and the meaning of a being's Internal language. Only the Informing of a being which Is fearful, authority influenced. Indoctrinated, Idealized, information directed', and communication acceptable can be partly forecasted, ' when this Informing is partly hidden, duplicated, and split for various usage. In this case, the Informing of a being is distorted, bent, and pathologically processed In Itself. On the level of living mo- pogojena organizacijska problema bitjevsl