Ky.flbTaBbra jp3Bbi y Be^apyci
flwdMina ffynuu,

Trees represent a universal symbol in the mythological model of the world, a symbol that unites all spheres of the cosmos. Belorussians had a very extended tree cult, of which they tell legends even today. They were accustomed to offer gifts to the trees and to pray alongside them. They held oaks to be most sacred, particulary those that formed part of a sanctuary together with the spring and the cult stone. These oaks have conserved their names through to the present: Old Oak, Three-edge Oak, Perun's Oak, Deweitis, Sacred Oak, etc. Pine and linden trees were also greatly favored. There also exist legends concerning pear trees, poplar trees, birch trees and willow trees.
y 6enapycay KynbT npay mbipoKa pacnaycronxaHbi. MHoriM npaBaM naxnaHaroma amna i ceHHH. 3ronHa naBep'aM HeKaTopbia 3 ix Banonaroib neKaBaft cinaft. Cbhthm npaBaM paHeft npbrnocini xne6 i conb, 3aropHyTbia y nbicTyro xanciiHKy. Ha raniHKi Bemani pynHiKi. Cbhthm ninbinica HeKaTopbia 6opTHbia npaBbi. PacnaycronKaHbi 6bini naBep'i, mTo Kani npaBa py6aib, to 3 aro in3e Kpoy, nyBaib cTorHH, a Kani npaBa 3apbiniiib, to raTa npbiKMeTa Taro, mTo y iM nacaninaca nanaBenaa nyma, i Toft, xto py6iib npaBa, BbiMymae nymy myKaib iHmbi npbiTynaK [HapHoBcKaa, 1818, c. 116—117; EornaHoBHn, 1895; HnKonbcKnft, 1929; 3eneHHH, 1933, c. 591—629].
Haft6onbmaft namaHaft Ba yce nacbi y 6enapycay KapbicTayca ny6. MHoria naKnoHHba ny6bi 3Haxon3aiia Kana Kpbmii, KynbTaBbx KaMaHey. 3axaBanica Ha3Bbi KynbTaBbx ny6oy — BonaT, AcinaK, CBara ,D,y6, ,D,o6pbi ,D,y6, TpoxrpaHHbi ,D,y6, nepyHoy ,D,y6, CTapbi ,D,y6, CayKiH ,D,y6 i iHm. Ha TaKia Ha3Bb Hacnainica 6onbm no3Hia, 3Ba3aHbia 3 ricTap^raHbMi aco6aMi — BiTayTay ,D,y6, HananeoHaycKi ,D,y6, AnaMa MiiKeBina. TaK, BiTayTay 3ranBaeiia y naKyMeHie 3a 1627 ron HenananeK an B.npyn3iHbi, aKaa 3apa3 Ha TapbiTopbii EemaHKoBiiKara paeHa [HcTopHKo-ropHnnnecKne..., Bbin. 22, c. 459]. y EemaHKoBinax amna i 3apa3 nron3i naKa3Baroib ny6, nan aKiM Hi6biTa can3ey HananeoH [3aftKoycKi, 1995, c. 199]. nano6Hbia nanaHHi icHyroib i npa an3iH 3 ny6oy npbi napo3e 3 TnbiBoKara y OapKaymnbrny.
npa KynbT ny6a acKpaBa cBennaib 3HaxonKi 1869 rona Ha TapbiTopbii 6bmora EapbicaycKara ye3ny. y nece, y nynne BenbMi cTapora ny6a canaHe 3Haftmni nBa a3binmiKix inanb. An3iH inan 6biy 3 cepa6pa, a npyri 3 6poH3bi [TbimKeBnn, 1865, c. 136—137].
nan Ha3Baft BonaT poc Ha Kanimnbi y MiHcKy, aKoe npaicHaBana Ha 6epa3e CBicnanb na nanaTKy XX cTaronn3a. Ha raniHKi npaBa Bemani pynHiKi, a xanynb 3 ny6a ninbinica cBaTbiMi [.HayKoy, 1992, c. 43—53]. XyTnaft 3a yce an a3binHiiKara Kanimna 3acTayca i CBara ,D,y6 y ropan3e nacTaBbi, Ha 6epa3e paKi Man3enKi. ^mna y HanayHia nacb ny6y Hacini MaHera.
Kaaa ropaaa AmMaHbi (Ha nay3Me:xKbi 3 ^ítboh) y aece ama y nanaTKy XX craroaa3a naKaaHaaica ayóy naa Ha3Bañ flaBañnic, mTO y nepaKaaa3e 3 aiToycKañ mobh a3Hanae "Boxbimna" [Phkob, 1914, c. 15]. fla HaaayHara nacy naKaoHHbiM 6biy i ay6 KajDi B.D,apKaBÍma YmanKara paeHa. 3-naa ayóa BbinaKaaa Kpbrnina, aKaa TaKcaMa ainbiaaca cbhtoh. Baaoñ 3 Kpbrniibi aanbiai Bonbi, a y aynao ayóa Kaaai naaTy 3a aanaHHe. Y 1923 roa3e nbipBoHaapMeñnbi cnaaiai ay6, aae aroa3i npanarBaai xaa3inb Ha raTa Mecía i cKaaaaai axBapbi Ha a6rapaabi neHb [OnpocHHe ancra, cnpaBa M 71, c. 194].
na6ai3y BecKi AaaabKaBinbi Ha CaomMmnbiHe BaaoMbi Baai3Hbi ay6 Kaaa KypraHoy. Y KaHnbi XIX craroaa3a 6biao aBa ay6bi, a amna paHeñ ix 6biao naTbipbi. fly6bi ainbiaica 3anapaBaHbiMi i na naBep'ax Kaai 3py6inb TaKi ay6, ni HaBaT y3anb 3 aro raaiHKi, aaapBaHba BeTpaM, to a6aBa3KoBa 3aapbinna aKoe-He6ya3b Hamnacne — 3aoxHe KoHb, KapoBa ni aBenKa. PacKa3Baai, ito aaHoñnbi apaHaaTap rpa^a 3aBimbi cnycniy aBa ay6bi i aa raTara y aro 3aoxaa yca xbiBeaa. flBa ay6bi, aKia 3acTaaica, aroa3i aKpanaaai cBaToñ Baaoñ i ix híxto He nanay [floBHap-3anoabcKnñ, 1893, c. 422].
^mna y 20-a raabi XX cTaroaa3a Kaaa b. flycaymHbrna KanbiabcKara paeHa raBapbiai npa 3Meey fly6. naBoaae naaaHHa Kaaicbni 3 3axaay Ha Ycxoa aaney 3Meñ i cey Ha apaBa. fly6 pa3aM ca 3MeeM cnaaiai i Ha raTbiM Mecnbi yTBapbiyca KypraH [OnpocHbie ancra, cnpaBa M 73, c. 266].
na 3BecTKax Kpaa3Haynay Ha 6epa3e paKi Bepa3iHbi (flHanpoycKañ) Kaaa B.XyKaBen ecnb CBaTbi fly6. 3apa3 aa aro 3acTayca ToabKi neHb. Ha neHb naaayHinbia Hocanb axBapb. Kaai 3a6iBaronb aaca ni aaeHa, to Hacynb capna xbiBeabi, a Kaai mymKy — to HeKaabKi nep'ay.
Y	b. MiKoaKi Y3a3eHcKara paeHa na naaaHHax naa ayóaM aaxbinb 3aaara cKapó, aKi 3aKanaai $paHny3bi. Mecna naa ayóaM ainbinna axBapHbiM. Tyr cTaBiai apayaaHbia Kpbixbi [Kicaaey, 1994, c. 133—134].
fflMaTaiKa 3BecTKi a6 naKaaHeHHi cacHe. A6 raTbiM 3raaBaronb HaBaT nicbMoBbia kphhíih XVII—XVIII ctct. TaK, Ha noaannbrne y 1618 r. Ha3biBaenna "Mapbrna cacHa", aKaa y Ton nac yxo 6biaa y aKacni naMexHañ aa3HaKi [Akth, 1878, c. 7]. Y aaKyMeHne 1623 roaa raBopbinna, ito Kaaa BineócKa Ha rapaa3imnbi pacne 'taaamoBa CacHa" [Hctophko..., 1891, c. 495]. Ha naaecci y 1867 roa3e y aece 3a^kcaBaHa a3Be cacHbi, naMix aKiMi 3po6aeHa nepaKaaa3iHa i Ha eñ Bicey 3boh [9peMnnb, 1867, c. 95—117]. na6ai3y mbipoKaBaaoMara Cnen-KaMeHa, ito aaxbinb Kaaa BbiTOKay paKi Biaii, pacne cacHa, aKyro 3aBynb — KyaiHa. CacHa KyaiHa, na naaaHHax, ainbinna xoHKañ KaMeHa CnanaHa [^ayKoy, 1992, c. 137—139]. na 3BecTKax MacnoBara HaceabHinTBa cacHy, aKaa pacne Ha KypraHe Kaaa B.Y3panna rabióonKara paeHa 3aBynb OpaHny3cKañ cacHoñ i ainanb, ito naa eñ 3aKanaHbi cKapóbi.
Y	KaHnbi XIX cTaroaa3a 6biao 3anicaHa naaaHHe npa cacHy Kaaa B.CTapbina Ha Caynnbrne. 3roaHa 3 naaaHHeM, aaHaMy ceaaHiHy, xBopaMy Ha Bonbi, npbicHiaaca, ito Ka6 Bbiaenbinna, eH naBiHeH noóan 3 cacHoñ nacTaBinb Kpbix. HaaaBeK raTa 3pa6iy i Hi6biTa Bbiaenbiyca. fla raTañ cacHbi Haciai aeH i rpombi [floBHap-3anoabcKnñ, 1893, c. 422].
npa cochh Kaaa 3aMKy y r. .Hiaa icHye HacTynHae naaaHHe. Kaaicbni croabi npbiñmai a3eBanb MaHaxay-^paHnbicKaHnay 3 MaTañ npanaBeaBaHHa xpbicniaHcTBa. AaHaK MacnoBba xbixapbi He xaaaai npbiManb HoByro paairiro. ^Shh 3a6iai MiciaHepay i KiHyai ix y aMy Ha cxiae rapbi Kaaa .HiacKara 3aMKa. noTbiM Ha raTbiM Mecnbi Bbipacai
A3Be cacHbi. fla Taro nacy HacenbH^TBa ropana 3paôinaca yxo KaToniKaMi i He nanana cocHay. Ane anHoftw xTocbni anceK raniHKy i 3 ae BHcTynina Kpoy. 3 Tae napn HixTO He anBaxBayca y3Hanb caKepy Ha raraa npaBbi [.ereHnbi..., 1983, c. 343].
y MiHynbiM cTaronn3i naKnoHHaa cacHa 3a^iKcaBaHa naMix BëcKaMi MapBiHH i D,iMamKeBiHbi Ha ApmaHmwHe [MaKcHMoB, 1876, c. 135]. BanoMbi TaKcaMa ^aKT, mTo amna na HanayHara nacy y anTyniHy anHoft 3 Tpox cTapbix cocHay Kana ôanoTa na6ni3y BëcKi fflapmyHH y HaBaKonni PanamKoBray Manan3enaHcKara paëHa Kinani rpombi. npa raTa Mecna icHye nanaHHe, mTo Tyr npaBaninaca napKBa.
BaniKaft nanynapHacnro y ôenapycay KapbicTanaca nina, aKaa 3Ba3Banaca 3 xaHonHM ôocTBaM. Kana r.EpacnaBa amna i cëHHa MoxHa nanyqb nanaHHe, naBonne aKora nacna naxapy MaHacTHpa Ha BHcne Bo3epa Hecnim 3axaBayca TonbKi a6pa3 Eoxaft Mani. nacna Taro ëH nacTa aô'aynayca Ha nine, mTo pacne Ha anHHM 3 acTpaBoy.
Kanicbni mbipoKa ôbini BanoMH tph "neKaBbia" ninbi Kana b. KannaHnbi Eapa3iHcKara paëHa. noôan 3 iMi HaBaT HananxBanica ^acra i KipMambi. noTbiM an ynapy ManaHKi anHa 3 nin 3rapana, ane n3Be acTaTHia npanaraani nanbmb nron3eft HananaTKy XX ct. flna raTara xBopaMy Tpaôa ôbino npane3bm npa3 n3ipKy y npaBe. nacna ëH naBiHeH ôbiy pa3apBanb Ha ca6e Tyro nacTKy an3eHHa, aKaa naKpaHanaca na xBopara Mecna. Pa3apBaHyro an3exy naKinani Kana npaBa i anpaHani HoBy. Toft, xto nanôipay cTapoe an3eHHe, na^bmay xBapanb [Koctko, 1906, c. 56].
fflMaT nanaHHay 3Ba3aHa i 3 iHmbiMi npaBaMi — i rpymaft, aciHaft, ôapo3aft, Bapôoft i iHm. Kani Ha EpacnaymHbme Eoxaa Mani 3'aBinaca Ha nine, to y XbipoBinax (CnoHiMcKi paëH) ninbmna, mTo y 1470 ron3e Ha rpymbi 3'aBinaca Earapon3ma [MecTenKo, 1880, c. 424]. Tpyma, y aKyro ôbiy nepaTBopaHH KoHb, ^irypye y nanaHHi npa KynbTaBbi KaMeHb 3 BbiôiTbiMi TpbiMa KpbeKaMi Kana b. 36naHbi .incKara paëHa. PacKa3Baronb, mTo y KaMeHb ôbini nepaTBopaHH nBa Bacenna. AnHo 3 ix HaKipoyBanaca y napKBy, a npyroe BapTanaca an BaHna. 3a Toe, mTo anomHae, aKoe aTpbiMana ônaracnayneHHe, ycTynina napory nepmaMy, Mananbia i Kynap 6bini nepaTBopaHbi y KaMeHb, a KoHb — y rpymy [noKpoBcKHft, 1893, c. 98].
nayHaa Mecna y BepaBaHHax ôenapycay 3aftMae aciHa. flna aôapoHbi an Ben3bMb, aKaa BbinoftBae y Kapoy ManaKo, KapbicTaroroa aciHaBbiMi raniHKaMi. y cTapaxbiTHacm Ha aciHaBbix Boraimnax cnanbBani KannyHoy. AciHaBbi Kon yôiBani y cniHy ynbipa, Kaô ëH He nanHayca 3 rpoôa. 3Haxapbi aciHaBbiMi nana^KaMi nanbini 3yôbi, npbiKnanaroHbi ix na 3yôoy i iHm. [HBaH Kynana..., 1891, c. 150—192].
.«bmna, mTo an Ha3Bbi npaBa "aciHa" aTpbiMana Ha3By BëcKa AciHrapanoK Ha nacTaymnbHe. Tyr 3axaBanaca cTapaxbiTHae rapan3imna. y nanaHHi npa aro raBopbmna, mTo nan nac mBencKaft HaBanbi TaM cTaana BoftcKa. Pa3BenKa naHecna, mTo mBenbi iny^ an BëcKi CapoKi, i Tanbi nanani npaB^b iMmy, a aôpa3 naBecini Ha aciHe. Ane He nacneni cKombinb iMmy, aK nanbiftmni mBenbi. .ron3i KiHynica y ôoftKy, anôini mBenay i narHanica 3a iMi, a aôpa3 TaK i 3acTayca Ha aciHe. na3Heft Ha raTbiM Mecnbi naôynaBani naKpoycKyro napKBy i 3Macnini y ëft nynaTBopHbi aôpa3 aKi cTay Ha3biBaroa AciHrapanonKiM aôpa3aM [.ereHnbi, 1983, c. 248].
3 KynbTaM ôapo3bi 3Ba3aHa cBaTa CëMyxa (Tpoftna), aKoe an3Hanaeroa nacna 3aBapmaHHa BecHaBbix npan. Eapo3KaMi ynpbiroxBaronb noKynb y xane, cTaBanb ix Kana BapoTay. HenananëK an Bo3epa fflaBma Ha nonan^bme y XIX cTaronn3i MacnoBbia xbixapbi Bbinynani n3Be cBaraa ôapo3bi [EapmnaycKi, 1990, c. 14].
TaKiM HbrnaM, caKpajibHHH np3BH 3aöMajii 3HaHHae Mecna y ayxoyHaft KyjibTypn öe^apycay. A^rarocKi KynbTy ^pay 3axaBMicfl ^a Hamara nacy.
Cnic ^ÏTapaTypw
1.	AKTH BH^eHcKoö Apxeorpa^HHecKoö KOMHCCHH. T. IX. BmbHa, 1878.
2.	BapmnaycKi ^h. ffiraxqin 3aBMbHA a6o Be^apycb y ^aHTacTbiHHbix anaBA^aHHflx.
MH., 1990.
3.	Bor^aHoBHH A.E. nepexHTKH ^peBHero MHpoco3epnaHHfl y öe^opycoB. Tpo^Ho, 1895.
4.	floBHap-3ano^bcKHH M. 3aMeTKH no 3THorpa^HH öe^opycoB // Xmafl cTapHHa. Bbin.
III. 1893.
5.	3aÖKoycKi 9. Be^apycbi Be^am cBaix repofly // Cna^Hbrna. 1995. M 2. C. 193-200.
6.	3e^eHHH fl.K. ToTeMHcTHHecKHH KynbT ^epeBbeB y pyccKHx h öe^opycoB // H3BecTHfl
AH CCCP. OT^MeHHe oö^ecTBeHHbix Hayx. 1933. M 8. C. 591-629.
7.	HBaH Kyna^a (b Yraax C^ynKoro ye3^a Mhhckoh ryöepHHH) // 3THorpa$mecKoe
oöo3peHHe. 1891. M 4. C. 150-192.
8.	McTopHKo-ropHflHHecKHe MaTepHa^H. Bbin. 21. BHTeöcK, 1891.
9.	McTopHKo-ropHflHHecKHe MaTepHa^b. Bbin. 22. BHTeöcK, 1891.
10.	Kicflrëy Y.M. nynaBiHaMi Ha^HAMoHHfl. Mh., 1994.
11.	Koctko B. D,eœ6Hbie ^epeBbfl b Be^opyccHH // ^HBaa cTapHHa. Bbin. III. 1906.
12.	.ereHflbi i na^aHHi. Mh., 1983.
13.	.flyKoy 9.A. MayKmBbia cBe^KÍ MiHyymHbiHbi. MH., 1992.
14.	MaKcHMoB C.B. OÖHTe^b H xHTe^b (OnepKH no^ecbfl) // flpeBHAA H HoBafl POCCHA.
Cnö., 1876.
15.	MecTeHKo ^HpoBHnb h ero ^ocTonpHMenaTe^bHocTH // .HToBcKHe EnapxHmbHbie
Be^oMocTH. 1880. M 49.
16.	HHKo^bcKHH H.M. floxpHCTHaHcKHe BepoBaHHfl H KyHbTbl ^HenpoBcKHx c^aBflH. M.,
1929.
17.	OnpocHbe ^hcth 1924 ro^a no MHHcKoMy h BopHcoBcKoMy ye3^aM // Apxiy
a^e^ay apxea^orii IHcTbnyra ricTopbii HAH PB. CnpaBa M 71.
18.	OnpocHbie ^hcth 1924 ro^a no C^ynKoMy ye3^y // Apxiy a^e^ay apxearorii
IHcTbnyra ricTopbi HAH PB. CnpaBa M 73.
19.	noKpoBcKHH O.B. Apxeo^orHHecKaa KapTa BmeHcKoft ryöepHHH. BmbHa, 1893.
20.	Phkob n.C. PacKonKH b OmMflHcKoM ye3^e BmeHcKoö ryöepHHH. BmbHa, 1914.
21.	TbmKeBHH K. O KypraHax b .HTBe h 3ana^Ho0 PycH. BmbHa, 1865.
22.	HepHoBcKafl MapHfl. OcTaTKH c^aBAHcKoro öacroraoBHA b Be^opyccHH // BecTHHK
EBponbi. 1818. M 21-24. C. 116-117.
23.	9peMHHb HBaH. OnepKH öe^opyccKoro no^ecbfl // BecTHHK 3ana^Ho0 Pocchh. To^.
V. 1867. C. 95-117.
Die Kultbäume in Weissrußland
Ducyc Ljudmila
Der Baum stellt in dem mythologischen Modelle der Welt ein Uniwersalsymbol dar, der alle Sphären des Kosmos vereint. Die Weissrussen hatten einen weit ausgedehnten Kult der Bäume. Noch heute werden diesbezügliche Sagen erzählt. Den Bäumen wurden die Öpfer gebracht, neben ihnen wurde gebetet. Die größte Verehrung wurde solchen Eichen gewidmet, die im Zusammenhang mit einer Quelle und einem Kultstein ein Heiligtum bildeten. Bis zu unserer Zeit blieben die Namen der Eichen — Alte Eiche, Dreikantige Eiche, Perunische Eiche, Deweitis, Heilige Eiche etc. — erhalten. In hohem Ansehen stehen auch die Kiefern (Haljaschowische Kiefer, Marynische Kiefer, Französische Kiefer, Kulina) und die Linden. Es gibt auch mit einem Birnbaum, einer Espe, einer Birke, einer Weide verbindende Sagen.