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Foundation and Management of the Joseon Dynasty: Revisiting Jeong Do-jeon's Political Philosophy Based on the Royal Record of Joseon Dynasty
fJffiM YOO Kwon Jong*
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Abstract
Jeong Do-jeon is the most substantial contributor to the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. Most present Korean historians commonly regard him as Designer of the Dynasty and have discussed his contribution to establish the system of law, economy, and politics. However, his contribution is not limited in the establishment. This paper discusses his substantial contribution in supplying the basis of Confucian civilization for the Dynasty's duration for 500 years, abolishing Buddhist rituals and providing Confucian ones, organizing the capital city and naming buildings and districts of the city according to Confucian humanities, excluding Buddhism from people's routine lives as well as official or royal ceremonies, etc.
*S|JSM, 144 444 ÜS. YOO Kwon Jong, Chung-Ang University, Korea. ykj111@cau.ac.kr
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YOO Kwon Jong: Foundation and Management of the Joseon Dynasty
Keywords: Jeong Do-jeon, Joseon Dynasty, Confucianism, reproduction of Confucian society, rituals, capital city
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YOO Kwon Jong: Foundation and Management of the Joseon Dynasty
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Povzetek
Jeong Do-jeon (1342-1398) je eden izmed najbolj pomembnih oseb pri vzpostavitvi dinastije Joseon. Rodil se je v dinastiji Goryeo, kjer je živel do starosti 50 let, a se je skupaj z Yi Seong-gyejem, ki je bile eden izmed najvišjih admiralov v kraljestvu Goryeo, uprl proti kraljestvu in uspešno ustanovil novo dinastijo Joseon leta 1392. Čeprav štejejo Yi Seng-gye, ki je postal prvi kralj dinastije Joseon, za uradnega ustanovitelja te dinastije, pa številni sodobni zgodovinarji Jeong Do-jeona štejejo kot oblikovalca nove dinastije. Ta ocena prikazuje, da so številni korejski zgodovinarji razvili skupno idejo, da brez njegovega načrtovanja in izvajanja, dinastija Joseon ne bi bila ustanovljena in tudi ne bi trajala 500 let. Med ključne točke, s katerimi sodobni zgodovinarji ocenjujejo njegove dosežke, niso samo realizacija revolucije, ampak tudi njegovi prispevki, ki so bili nepogrešljivi za ohranjenje in razvoj dinastije.
Sodobni zgodovinarji se osredotočajo na njegovo sistematično oblikovanje institucij zakonov, ekonomije in politike, ki so tudi glavne teme sodobnih družbnoslovnih znanosti. Vendar pa ni dovolj, da bi samo ocenjevali njegov pomemben prispevek za ohranjanje dinastije skoraj 500 let. Ta članek posveča tudi pozornost vlogi nacije, ki disciplinira svoje ljudi, kot pravi Michel Foucault. Ideološka in institucionalna oprema dinastije Joseon ustreza discipline, s tem na primer, da je ukinil budistične rituale in jih nadomestil s konfucianskimi, organiziral je glavno mesto in poimenoval stavbe in ulice po konfucianskih klasikih, izključil je budizem iz življenj ljudi in uradnikov ter iz kraljevih obredov itd., nas vsi njegovi prispevki opozarjajo na njegovo pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju dinastije, in sicer za neprekinjeno reprodukcijo konfucijske družbe od 14. do 20. stoletja.
Ta prispevek se osredotoča na uporabo njegovih pomebnih prispevkov za diskusijo v filozofiji za javnost, še posebej z japonskimi filozofi.
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Asian Studies II (XVIII), 2 (2014), pp.157-175
Summary
Jeong Do-jeon (1342-1398) is regarded as the most substantial figure of the foundation of the Joseon Dynasty. He was born in the Goryeo Dynasty and had spent his life in the Dynasty until 50 years old, but he, with Yi Seong-gye who used to be one of the highest admirals in the Goryeo Dynasty, revolted against the Dynasty and finally succeeded in foundation a new dynasty, Joseon, in the year of 1392. Even though Yi Seong-gye who became the First King of the Joseon Dynasty has officially been regarded as the founder of the Joseon Dynasty, Jeong Do-jeon is regarded as a designer of the new Dynasty by most present Korean historians. This estimation shows that many Korean historians have developed the common idea that without his planning and practice the Joseon Dynasty could not be established and, admitting that it was, continued for 500 hundred years. The key-points that present historians highly estimated his achievement are not only his realization of revolution but also after then his contributions which were indispensable for maintenance and development of the Dynasty.
The present historians' estimation focused on his systemic design of institutions of law, economy, politics, and so on, which are the topics of mainstream social sciences. However, such estimation it is not enough to evaluate his substantial contribution for maintenance of the Dynasty for almost 500 years. In this paper a nation's function to discipline its people as Michel Foucault said is paid attention to. Ideological and institutional equipment of Joseon Kingdom fits the discipline, for example, abolishing Buddhist rituals and providing Confucian ones, organizing the capital city and naming buildings and districts of the city according to Confucian humanities, excluding Buddhism from people's routine lives and official or royal ceremonies, etc., all of his contributions direct our attention to his substantial contribution to the maintenance of the Dynasty, that is, the continuous reproduction of the Confucian society from the 14th through the 20th century.
This paper focuses on application of his substantial contribution for discussion of public philosophy especially with Japanese scholars.
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