Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches in Slovenia Aerobne bakterije v blagoslovljeni vodi iz katoliških cerkva v Sloveniji Martina Turk*, Vesna Podgrajšek, Cene Gostinčar, Nina Gunde-Cimerman Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia *Correspondence: martina.turk@bf.uni-lj.si Abstract: Holy water plays an important role in various religions. It is used for baptisms, to bless people, places and objects. In Catholic churches, it is usually offered in the holy water fonts at the entrance of the church. But it is also considered a source of potential pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii and enterobacteria. To estimate the potential risk, we studied the composition and antimi- crobial resistance of bacteria in holy water from fonts and reservoirs of ten selected Catholic churches in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Bacterial contamination of holy water from fonts was moderate (102 - 105 CFU ml-1), but one to two orders of magnitude higher than in reservoirs, probably due to frequent immersion of fingers in the water. Some genera/species occurred only in fonts (Acinetobacter beijerinckii, A. haemolyticus, Brevundimonas aurantiaca, B. mediterranea, Delftia, Kocuria, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus warneri), while few fecal indicator bacteria were isolated. Isolated bacteria have relatively low pathogenic potential, some of them are skin commensals. Bacterial strains isolated in this study were susceptible to antibiotics. While according to our results, the potential of holy water for spreading bacterial infections is mod- est, to further limit the risks, water should be changed regularly, the fonts cleaned thoroughly, and the water should not be brought in contact with the eyes, ingested or aerosolized and inhaled. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, bacteria, fonts, holy water, NaCl, Roman Catholic churches, pathogens Izvleček: Blagoslovljena voda ima pomembno vlogo v različnih religijah. Uporablja se pri svetem krstu, za blagoslov ljudi, krajev in predmetov. V katoliških cerkvah se običajno nahaja v kropilnikih ob vhodu v cerkev. Lahko pa predstavlja tudi vir opor- tunističnih patogenov, kot so Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii in enterobakterije. Da bi bolje razumeli to tveganje, smo proučili sestavo in protimikrobno odpornost bakterij v blagoslovljeni vodi kropilnikov in rezervarjev desetih izbranih katoliških cerkva v Ljubljani (Slovenija). Bakterijska kontaminacija blagoslovljene vode iz krstilnikov je bila zmerna (102 - 105 CFU ml-1), a za red velikosti do dva višja kot v rezervarjih, verjetno zaradi pogostega pomakanja prstov vernikov v vodo kropilnika ob vstopu in izstopu iz cerkve. Nekateri bakterijski rodovi/vrste so se pojavili le v kropilnikih (Acinetobacter beijerinckii, A. haemolyticus, Brevundimonas aurantiaca, B. mediterranea, Delftia, Kocuria, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus warneri), izoliranih ACTA BIOLOGICA SLOVENICA LJUBLJANA 2022 Vol. 65, Št. 2: 42–103 43Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches pa je bilo le nekaj fekalnih indikatorskih bakterij. Izolirane bakterije imajo razmeroma nizek patogeni potencial, nekatere med njimi so kožni komenzali. Bakterijski sevi v tej študiji so bili občutljivi proti antibiotikom. Čeprav je potencial blagoslovljene vode za širjenje bakterijskih okužb glede na naše rezultate majhen, lahko tveganja dodatno zmanjšamo z redno menjavo vode, s temeljitim čiščenjem kropilnikov in s prepreče- vanjem vnosa vode v oči, njenega zaužitja ter aerosolizacije in vdihavanja. Ključne besede: bakterije, blagoslovljena voda, kropilniki, NaCl, odpornost proti antibiotikom, patogeni, rimskokatoliške cerkve Introduction Water is considered a sign of cleanliness and purification and has been used in many ancient and modern religious traditions (Oestigaard 2017). Holy water is water that has been blessed by a priest or comes from a well or spring considered sacred. In the Roman Catholic tradition, holy water is used as a sacrament for baptisms, to bless people, places, and objects, or to protect against evil and danger (Kirschner et al. 2012). It is commonly used to wash away sins (Flemming 2011). The Roman Catholic Church recommends adding an unregulated amount of blessed salt (sodium chloride) to the water during the blessing, which also results in varying salt concentrations of the holy water (Kirschner et al. 2012). Holy water is usually made only once a year at Easter, when tap water is blessed and then stored in metal reser- voirs (tanks) located in the church. Holy water is offered in the holy water fonts at the entrance of the church (or sometimes at a separate location, the baptistery). Smaller vessels, called stoups, are usually placed on the walls of church entrances for people to bless themselves with as they enter the church. They may be larger or smaller and made of stone, marble, glass, metal, or porcelain. When the faithful enter and leave the church, they dip the fingers of their right hand into the holy water and make the sign of the cross on their forehead, lips and chest. Holy water can also be used to bless food, objects, places, or people by sprinkling them (Jurado et al. 2002, Kirschner et al. 2012). However, it is well known that water is both a reservoir and source of pathogens that can lead to transmission of infectious diseases (Denham et al. 2013). Holy water has also been identified as a potential source of microbial and viral infections, including COVID-19 (Gajurel and Deresinski 2021). As early as the late 19th century, bacteriolo- gist L. Vincenzi found large numbers of microbes - staphylococci, streptococci, coli bacilli, Klebs- Loeffler bacillus (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), and other bacteria - in samples of holy water from a church in Sassari, Italy (Leffmann 1898). In a study from 1998, coliforms, staphylococci, yeasts, and molds were cultured from holy water from County Clare, Ireland (Payne, 2001). An examination of holy water fonts from churches in Seville, Spain, revealed heavy contamination with bacterial pathogens. The number of coliforms in the fonts exceeded 103 per 100 ml of water. The presence of potential pathogens was dem- onstrated by the identification of Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus species. The most com- mon genera in holy water were Pseudomonas and Bacillus, followed by Staphylococcus, Sphingobacterium, and Delftia. However, spe- cies diversity varied greatly from one church to another. According to the authors, the presence of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and several others in holy water was associated with hand contamina- tion and human skin transmission (Jurado et al. 2002). Contamination of holy water fonts has also been reported in Vienna, Austria. All holy water samples from churches and hospital chapels had extremely high concentrations of heterotrophic plate counts, up to 107 colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1; while fecal indicators such as enterococci and E. coli, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, were found only in the most frequently visited churches (Kirschner et al. 2012). A similar study was conducted in the Villingen-Schwenningen area, Germany. Colony 44Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 counts revealed an average aerobic microbial load of 5.85±3.98 × 103 CFU ml-1. Urban churches had significantly higher bacterial contamination levels than rural churches, likely due to a higher number of visitors. The majority of the bacteria identified were typical human skin commensals, mainly belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. Fifty percent of the identified species were clas- sified as potential pathogens: Staphylococcus (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. homini, S. pettenkoferi, S. pasteuri), Bacillus cereus, Actinomyces oris, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Enterobacter hor- maechei (König et al. 2017). Water that comes from Christian shrines and churches around the world is often used by hos- pital patients. Holy water is often administered by sprinkling, but can also be ingested, dripped into the eyes, or used to bathe affected body parts. There have been some reports of hospital patients experiencing serious complications after contact with holy water during hospital treatment. A case of hospital-acquired infection by Acinetobacter baumanii in a patient with burns after contact with holy water (sprinkling) has been described (Rees and Allen 1996). Based on the analysis of the holy water used (from Lourdes, Walsingham, and River Jordan), the majority of organisms isolated from the holy water samples were Gram-negative bacilli, including opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Stenotrophomonas malt- ophilia (Rees and Allen 1996). A case has also been reported in which an adult male contracted Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia while recov- ering from several injuries. His aunt was observed sprinkling holy water on the patient, and this water was confirmed as a source of the pathogen (Greaves and Porter 1992). Similarly, an 11-year-old boy with recurrent epilepsy requiring mechanical ventilation was found to have recurrent multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia. The patient’s mother had regularly sprinkled him with holy water over several months. Microbiological examination of this holy water detected the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii strain previously isolated from the patient (Michel et al. 2013). Because holy water may pose a risk for in- fection with pathogenic microorganisms through inoculation by hands, in this study we investigated the quantity and diversity of the cultivable bacterial community from holy water fonts and reservoirs located in some of the most visited Roman Catholic churches of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The bacterial isolates were identified and their resistance to selected antibiotics was analyzed to assess the potential health risk. Materials and methods Sampling and water analyses The sampling of holy water was carried out in ten churches in different parts of Ljubljana and the city area. In order to preserve anonymity, the names of the churches are not listed, but are labelled here with two-letter codes. Sampling took place three times at three-week intervals (the first sampling on March 11 and 12, 2019, the second on April 1 and 2, 2019, and the third on April 23 and 24, 2019). The third (final) sampling took place after Easter holiday, when churches are the most crowded. Samples were collected in sterile containers in the morning hours, before, during, or after morning Mass from the same fonts at the entrance and from the holy water reservoirs. We also collected a sample from tap water in church DC. Within two hours of collection, samples were inoculated onto culture media and incubated. The remaining water samples were stored at 4 °C until chemical analysis. During the final sampling, the temperature and pH of the holy water in the wells and reservoirs were measured. The water activity of the water samples from the first sampling was measured using the AquaLab 3TE instrument (Meter, Germany) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Sodium concentration of selected water samples from the first sampling was meas- ured using a Varian AA240 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Bacterial isolation and identification Within two hours of collection, 10 µl and 100 µl of the collected water samples were inoculated onto blood agar (BA, Fluka) and onto UriSelect 45Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches 4 agar (URI, Bio-Rad) and incubated aerobically at 37 °C. After three days of incubation, colonies were counted, and all morphologically different colonies were selected and isolated in pure culture on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar plates (Biolife). DNA was extracted from the isolated pure cultures using PrepMan Ultra reagent (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using primers 27f- CM (5’- AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG -3’) (Frank et al. 2008) and 1492R (5’- GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT -3’) (Turner et al. 1999). The 16S rDNA gene amplicons were sequenced by Microsynth AG (Switzerland) using Sanger sequencing. The resulting sequences were analyzed using MUSCLE software (Edgar, 2004) implemented in the MEGA7 package (Kumar et al., 2016) and compared against the GenBank data- base (16S ribosomal RNA (Bacteria and Archaea) database) using BLASTN software (available at: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). All isolated strains from this study were deposited in the Ex Culture Collection of the Infrastructural Centre Mycosmo (MRIC UL) at the Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing For antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the isolated bacterial strains were cultured on LB agar plates (Biolife) with 8 different commonly used antibiotics (Sigma) and incubated at 37 °C. The results were observed after 3 days. The fol- lowing antibiotics and concentrations were used: Ampicillin (AMP) 100 mg/l; Chloramphenicol (CHL) 25 mg/l; Cefotaxime (CTX) 2 mg/l; Colistin (COL) 3.5 mg/l; Enrofloxacin (ENR) 0.5 mg/l; Erythromycin (ERY) 15 mg/l; Imipenem (IPM) 4 mg/l; Kanamycin (KAN) 50 mg/l); Tetracycline (TET) 10 mg/l. Wild-type Escherichia coli strains EXB L-4239 A5 and EXB L-4240 A6 isolated from poultry with known resistance profiles were used as positive controls (recovered from Ex Culture Collection of the Infrastructural Centre Mycosmo (MRIC UL), University of Ljubljana). Community analyses using machine learning To analyze the obtained data and discover the connections between them, machine learning meth- ods were used. All data analyses were performed using the R statistical programming language and environment and Microsoft Excel 2016. The hier- archical clustering method was used to determine the similarity between samples, using the function “hclust()” from the package stats v3.6.1 (Müllner 2013). The R package randomForest was used to find how well the presence of individual bacterial species predicts the various characteristics of the sample (e.g. material of vessels) using a random forests approach. We calculated 10001 trees for each condition studied and determined from the calculated models the bacterial species whose presence best predicted each characteristic of the sample (Tang et al. 2014). Results The holy water is located in the churches in holy water fonts and containers, which can be made of different materials. The fonts in the studied churches were made of stone, porcelain, glass or metal, while the reservoirs in all the studied churches were made of metal - stainless steel (Fig. 1). 46Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 Figure 1: Examples of holy water fonts made of different materials in the studied churches (top left metal, top right stone, bottom left glass, and bottom right porcelain). Slika 1: Primeri kropilnikov za blagoslovljeno vodo iz različnih materialov v proučevanih cerkvah (zgoraj levo kovinski, zgoraj desno kamnit, spodaj levo steklen in spodaj desno porcelanast). Physico-chemical parameters of holy water samples The values of selected physicochemical pa- rameters such as temperature, pH, water activity (aw), and sodium mass concentration in the holy water were measured (Tab. 1). These parameters were monitored with the aim of determining their influence on the growth of the cultivable aerobic bacterial community in fonts and reservoirs. 47Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches Table 1: Results of measurements of temperature, pH, water activity (aw) and sodium (Na+) mass concentration in holy water from various churches in Ljubljana and its surroundings. Tabela 1: Rezultati merjenja temperature, pH, vodne aktivnosti (aw) in masne koncentracije natrija (Na+) v blagoslovljeni vodi, vzorčeni v različnih cerkvah v Ljubljani in okolici. Church Sampling site Material of container Water T [°C] Water pH Water acitvity aW Na+ [mg/l] FC Font Glass 18 7.30 0.998 11.53 Reservoir Metal 21 7.84 0.997 8.56 SC Font Porcelain 18 7.76 0.998 - Reservoir Metal 19 7.83 0.998 - UC Font Glass 18 7.49 0.999 - Reservoir Metal 17 7.79 0.999 5.72 VC Font Glass 19 7.49 0.998 - Reservoir Metal 18 7.93 0.998 - TC Font Stone 15 7.99 0.979 14958.00 Reservoir - - - - - RC Font Metal 20 7.45 0.998 - Reservoir Metal 17 7.81 0.998 - BC Font Glass 17 7.67 0.998 - Reservoir Metal - 7.74 0.998 - SI Font Stone 20 7.70 0.997 - Reservoir Metal 18 7.79 0.997 4.72 KC Font Stone 18 7.38 0.997 - Reservoir Metal 17 7.80 - - DC Font Glass 16 7.68 0.995 2044.80 Reservoir Metal 16 7.83 0.991 4109.00 Tap water (W) - - 17 7.26 0.999 6.17 The temperature of the holy water was measured during the last, third sampling on April 23 and 24, 2019, it ranged from 15 °C to 21 °C. The pH of holy water samples from all three samplings was measured, and the average pH ranged from 7.30 to 7.99. In all sampled churches, the average pH of the holy water in the reservoir was slightly higher than in the font. The pH of the tap water (W) was 7.26. The water activity (aw) of the samples from the first sampling was also determined and ranged from 0.979 to 0.999, with the lowest aw value in the font of the church TC (0.979) and in the reservoir (0.991) and font (0.995) of the church DC. We also measured the sodium mass concentration of the selected samples. Holy water from the font of the church TC had the highest measured mass concentration of sodium (14.96 g/l), followed by holy water from the reservoir (4.11 g/l) and from the font (2.04 g/l) of the church DC. Sodium concentration in most samples of holy water from churches was 0.005-0.012 g/l, which is in the range of Na+ concentration in tap water (Tab. 1). 48Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 Load of cultivable aerobic bacteria in holy water samples The number of cultivable aerobic bacteria in holy water samples was determined by the plate count method on blood agar after incubation at 37 °C. The colony counts of the samples from fonts (Fig. 2) spanned four orders of magnitude (102 – 105 colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1). For one third of the samples no value could be determined because of confluent overgrowth (too numerous to count – TNTC). The colony counts of samples from reservoirs spanned three orders of magnitude (101 – 103 CFU ml-1; Fig. 3). Comparing CFU numbers between samples from the font and the reservoir for a single church, the CFU count in the font was higher than in the reservoir in almost all cases. In some cases, it was not possible to obtain samples of holy water from reservoirs (BC, KC, RC, and especially TC; Fig. 3). There were also considerable differences in the number of CFUs in each church between samplings. Figure 2: Aerobic colony counts (CFU ml-1) in holy water samples from fonts in ten churches in different parts of Ljubljana and the city area. Values represent mean counts. TNTC – confluent overgrowth. Slika 2: Štetje aerobnih kolonijskih enot (CFU ml-1) v vzorcih blagoslovljene vode iz kropilnikov desetih cerkva v različnih predelih Ljubljane in njeni okolici. Vrednosti predstavljajo povprečja vzorčenj. TNTC – konfluentna rast. 49Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches Figure 3: Aerobic colony counts (CFU ml-1) in tap water and holy water samples from reservoirs in nine churches in different parts of Ljubljana and the city area. Values represent mean counts. TNTC – confluent growth. Slika 3: Štetje aerobnih kolonijskih enot (CFU ml-1) v pitni vodi in v vzorcih blagoslovljene vode iz rezervarjev devetih cerkva v različnih predelih Ljubljane in njeni okolici. Vrednosti predstavljajo povprečja vzorčenj. TNTC – konfluentna rast. Bacterial identification From 56 samples, one of which was tap water, 585 bacterial strains were isolated and identified. The results of the identification of the bacterial strains are given in the supplementary material (S1). Identification was performed by searching for homologous sequences of the 16S rRNA gene for our isolates in the GenBank database. Most of the identified strains were classified into the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Actinomycetes. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community differs from church to church, as not all taxa are present in all churches (Fig. 4). In addition, different bacterial taxa are present in the font and reservoir of each church. The highest number of species (21 and 22) was found in the holy water of the church RC from the font and reservoir (Fig. 4). Otherwise, the studied churches differed in the number of species isolated from the fonts compared to the reservoirs. In the four studied churches, the number of dif- ferent species was similar in fonts and reservoirs (DC, RC, UC, VC), in FC the species diversity in the holy water from the reservoir was higher (22) than in the font (14), and in four churches (BC, KC, SC and SI) the number of species in the water samples from the fonts was higher. 50Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 Figure 4: The number of identified species of cultivable aerobic bacteria isolated from the holy water fonts and reservoirs of the studied churches, grouped by classes. Slika 4: Prikaz števila identificiranih vrst kultivabilnih aerobnih bakterij, izoliranih iz blagoslovljene vode kro- pilnikov in rezervarjev vzorčenih cerkva, združenih v razrede. Bacterial isolates were assigned to 52 genera. Genera whose species appeared in at least two samples were compared for their occurrence in holy water fonts and reservoirs (Fig. 5). Some genera occurred only in fonts (Delftia, Kocuria, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus), and only spe- cies of two genera (Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) were found in all three sample groups. These two genera were also the most represented. Figure 5: Venn diagram (Heberle et al. 2015) of the occurrence of the identified bacterial genera in samples of holy water from fonts and reservoirs and from tap water. Slika 5: Vennov diagram (Heberle s sod. 2015) prisotnosti identificiranih bakterijskih rodov v vzorcih blagoslovljene vode kropilnikov in rezervarjev ter pitne vode. fonts reservoirs tap water 51Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches Bacterial community analysis using machine learning Machine learning methods were used to analyze the data obtained (bacterial species at different sampling sites) and to investigate the presence of bacterial species as a function of sampling site. We were interested in whether the presence of any of the species could be associated with the type of sample (font, reservoir). Certain bacterial species (Acinetobacter beijerinckii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Brevundimonas auran- tiaca, Brevundimonas mediterranea, Staphylococcus warneri) were present only in holy water fonts (Fig. 6). Similarly, some species were more abundant in fonts than in reservoirs (Acinetobacter johnso- nii, Aquincola tertiaricarbonis, Rothia amarae, Sphingobium hydrophobicum). The opposite phenomenon was observed for Microbacterium maritypicum, which was more abundant in holy water reservoirs (in seven of nine sampled reser- voirs) than in fonts (in three of ten sampled fonts). Figure 6: Occurrence of selected bacterial species depending on the container with holy water. Slika 6: Pojavnost izbranih bakterijskih vrst v odvisnosti od posode z blagoslovljeno vodo. The hierarchical clustering method was used to investigate the similarity between sampling sites (fonts and reservoirs) based on the matrix of the presence of different bacterial species. The more similar the bacterial communities of the sampling sites, the closer they are in the clustering tree (Fig. 7). Some reservoirs (churches DC, KC and BC) cluster together with tap water. In most cases, there is no grouping by church (font and reservoir of each church). 52Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 Figure 7: Display of hierarchical clustering of sample sites into groups based on the bacterial species occurrence matrix. Color marks: blue - reservoirs, red - fonts, green - tap water (W). Slika 7: Prikaz hierarhičnega združevanja vzorčnih mest v skupine na osnovi matrice pojavljanja bakterijskih vrst. Barvne oznake: modra - rezervarji, rdeča – kropilniki, zelena - vodovodna voda (W). A connection between the container material and the occurrence of bacterial species was also tested (not shown). Acinetobacter beijerinckii, Brevundimonas mediterranea, Brevundimonas aurantiaca, Kocuria uropygioeca, and Sphingobacterium multivorum were isolated only from nonmetallic fonts. However, no association was found between a single bacterial species and a metal vessel, nor with other materials (glass, stone, porcelain). Resistance of bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics The effects of nine antibiotics on 83 selected bacterial strains isolated from the holy water fonts and reservoirs was investigated, namely ampicillin (AMP, 100 mg/l), tetracycline (TET, 12.5 mg/l), imipenem (IPM, 4 mg/l ), erythromycin (ERY, 15 mg/l), chloramphenicol (CHL, 25 mg/l), kanamycin (KAN, 50 mg/l), cefotaxime (CTX, 2 mg/l), enro- floxacin (ENR, 0.5 mg /l) and colistin (COL, 3.5 mg/l). Results are shown in the supplemental mate- rial (S2). Most strains were sensitive to tetracycline (12.5 mg/l) and chloramphenicol (25 mg/l) (Fig. 8), and more than half of the strains were resistant to colistin (3.5 mg/l) and cefotaxime (2 mg/l). 53Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches Figure 8: Summary of results for antimicrobial susceptibility for the 83 isolates tested, presented are percentages of isolates that are resistant. Ampicillin (AMP) 100 mg/l; chloramphenicol (CHL) 25 mg/l; cefotaxime (CTX) 2 mg/l; colistin (COL) 3.5 mg/l; enrofloxacin (ENR) 0.5 mg/l; erythromycin (ERY) 15 mg/l; imipenem (IPM) 4 mg/l; kanamycin (KAN) 50 mg/l); tetracycline (TET) 10 mg/l. Slika 8: Povzetek rezultatov občutljivosti proti antibiotikom za 83 testiranih izolatov, predstavljen je odstotek izolatov, ki so odporni. Ampicilin (AMP) 100 mg/l; kloramfenikol (CHL) 25 mg/l; cefotaksim (CTX) 2 mg/l; kolistin (COL) 3.5 mg/l; enrofloksacin (ENR) 0.5 mg/l; eritromicin (ERY) 15 mg/l; imipenem (IPM) 4 mg/l; kanamicin (KAN) 50 mg/l); tetraciklin (TET) 10 mg/l. Resistance profiles for individual species of the same genus are similar. Among bacterial species potentially pathogenic to humans and vertebrates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (resistant to 7 antibiotics tested at selected concentrations) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (resistant to 4 antibiotics tested) were the most resistant to studied antibiotics. Discussion In Slovenia, 57.8% of the population declared themselves Roman Catholic, according to the last census in 2002 (Črnič et al. 2013). As in other Christian religions, for Catholics, holy water is water that has been blessed by a priest and is used for baptism and to bless people, churches, homes, and objects of devotion (Jurado et al. 2002, Kirschner et al. 2012). Some studies have presented holy water as a potential source of infec- tion with pathogenic organisms (Rees and Allen 1996, Greaves and Porter 1992, Michel et al. 2013, Gajurel and Deresinski 2021). Due to COVID -19 concern, many churches emptied their holy water fonts and, in some churches, a non-contact holy water dispenser was installed (Pullella 2020; Drogo 2022). In this study, we investigated the microbiological quality of holy water in the fonts and reservoirs of ten selected Roman Catholic churches in Ljubljana and its surroundings, focusing on bacteria. In order to assess the potential health risk of the bacterial strains isolated from the holy water, they were identified and their resistance to selected antibiotics was analyzed. The aerobic bacterial load of the holy water was determined by the plate count method. In most of the churches studied, the number of CFU ml-1 was higher in the holy water from fonts (102 - 105 CFU ml-1; Fig. 2) than in the reservoirs (101 - 103 CFU ml-1; Fig. 3), which is to be expected since the church visitors have direct daily contact with the holy water from the fonts. The bacterial load varied among the different churches and also among the sampling of a single church. This relatively moderate bacterial contamination of holy water from fonts is consistent with previous studies from churches in Vienna, Austria (Kirschner et al. 2012) and in the Villingen-Schwenningen area, Germany (König et al. 2017), where similar cultivation con- ditions (rich medium, incubation at 37 °C) were used. In Vienna, all holy water samples from the investigated churches and hospital chapels had high concentrations of heterotrophic microbial counts at 37 °C, up to 3 × 107 CFU ml-1, higher than in our study, while in Villingen-Schwenningen 9,6 % 2,4 % 9,6 % 3,6 % 25,3 % 16,9 % 59,0 % 63,9 % 21,7 % 54Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 (Germany) the colony count showed an average aerobic microbial load of 5.85±3.98 × 103 CFU ml-1. In a study of holy water fonts from churches in Seville, Spain, total aerobic bacteria and coliforms in certain churches were ‘too numer- ous to count’ (Jurado et al. 2002). Bacterial load is certainly influenced by the number of visitors and the frequency of cleaning and replacement of water from fonts (König et al. 2017, Jurado et al. 2002). This type of data would help us under- stand the differences between the bacterial load of the sampled churches in Ljubljana, but these data were not available. Nevertheless, our results confirm that the frequent immersion of fingers in holy water fonts is probably the main reason for the higher bacterial load in the fonts compared to the reservoirs. In this way, microbes – and also nutrients for their growth – are transferred from the skin to the holy water (Kirschner et al. 2012). The Roman Catholic Church recommends adding blessed salt (NaCl) to the water during the blessing (Kirschner et al. 2012). Salt was found only in holy water samples from two churches and its concentration was low, ranging from 0.2 to 1.5% NaCl (m/v) (Tab.1). In most churches, the sodium concentration was of the same order of magnitude as the concentration in tap water. In a study from Spain, the viability of selected bacterial species was measured as a function of different NaCl concentrations. At NaCl concentrations of 20% or more, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria lysed (Jurado et al. 2002). This process, called plasmolysis, occurs due to water efflux leading to a decrease in cytoplasmic volume. This can lead to retraction of cell walls, detachment and wrinkling of the plasmalema, and disruption of protein assemblies that extend across the cell wall (Wood 2011). In a study by Hrenovic and Ivankovic (2009) testing the survival of E. coli and Acinetobacter junii at different NaCl concentra- tions, complete death of E. coli was achieved after 72 hours at concentrations of 20% NaCl. Thus, to prevent contamination of the holy water, larger amounts of NaCl would have to be added than was detected in our samples because only then would the growth of most microorganisms be completely inhibited. However, high NaCl concentrations can damage the fonts, so the use of NaCl should be carefully balanced with protection of cultural heritage (Jurado et al. 2002). An alternative is to change the holy water daily and to clean the holy water fonts regularly. From 56 samples of holy water, 585 bacterial isolates were obtained and identified based on the homologous sequences of the 16S rRNA gene in the GenBank database. The aerobic cultivable commu- nity of the holy water consisted mainly of bacterial species from the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Actinomycetes (Fig. 4). The bacterial com- munity differed between churches as well as between the font and the reservoir of each church. Some genera were present only in the holy water from fonts (Delftia, Kocuria, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus), and only species of two genera (Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) were found in the holy water from fonts, reservoirs, and tap water (Fig. 5). It is likely that some of the identified bacteria in holy water fonts originated from the skin of church visitors. In the microbiota of human hands studied by amplicon sequencing, species from the phyla Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota were found, accounting for 94% of all identified bacterial species, with the most abundant genera Cutibacterium (31.6% of all se- quences; Actinomycetota), Streptococcus (17.2%; Bacillota), Staphylococcus (8.3%; Bacillota), Corynebacterium (4.3%; Actinomycetota), and Lactobacillus (3.1%; Bacillota) (Egert and Simmering 2016, Byrd et al. 2018, Carmona-Cruz et al. 2022). In agreement with previous studies (Rees and Allen 1996, Jurado et al. 2002, Kirschner et al. 2012, König et al. 2017), we also detected bacteria of probable fecal origin, i.e., enterococci and enterobacteria, albeit in very low abundance. The representative of fecal indicator bacteria, Enterococcus sp., was found in only one sample of holy water from the reservoir, while Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae were detected in two samples from fonts. Using machine learning methods, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of bacterial spe- cies as a function of sampling location (font or reservoir). Some bacterial species occurred only in holy water from fonts (Acinetobacter beijer- inckii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Brevundimonas aurantiaca, Brevundimonas mediterranea, Staphylococcus warneri), while others, such as Microbacterium maritypicum, were more abundant 55Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches in holy water reservoirs (Fig. 6). These bacteria have relatively low pathogenic potential, and some of them are considered to be skin commensals. The genus Acinetobacter (Pseudomonadota) is generally found in aqueous environments, with the majority of species being non-pathogenic. The most common species causing infections is A. bauman- nii, followed by species also found on human skin, such as A. calcoaceticus and A. lwoffii, which has also been isolated from our holy water samples. These are largely opportunistic pathogens that cause infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Other species, including A. haemolyticus, A. johnsonii, A. junii, A. nosocomialis, A. pittii, A. schindleri, and A. ursingii, have occasionally been reported as pathogens (Wong et al. 2017). Brevundimonas spp. (Pseudomonadota) are a genus of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria and, particularly Brevundimonas diminuta and Brevundimonas vesicularis, are considered to be of minor clinical importance (Ryan and Pembroke 2018). Microbacterium species (Actinomycetota), non-spore-forming, Gram-positive rods, have also rarely been associated with human disease. However, increasing amount of literature shows that Microbacterium species are opportunistic human pathogens, causing, for example, infec- tive endocarditis associated with Microbacterium maritypicum bacteremia (Yeung et al. 2020). But Staphylococcus warneri, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) commonly found in the microbiota of human and animal epithelia and mucosa, is considered an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in humans and animals (Liu et al. 2020). The hierarchical clustering was used to deter- mine the similarity between sampling sites (fonts and reservoirs) based on the matrix of occurrence of different bacterial species. Some of the reservoirs were clustered together with the tap water, indicat- ing that an important part of bacterial community in these reservoirs originated from the tap water (Fig. 7). However, this is not true for all sampled churches. Perhaps unexpectedly, we also did not observe clustering of samples from the reservoirs and fonts from the same church. Since the fonts in the sampled churches were made of stone, porcelain, glass, and metal, we tested whether there was a relationship between the font material and the presence of bacterial species. Although certain bacterial species were isolated only from non-metallic fonts, unfortunately no correlation was found between the material of the vessel (metal, stone, glass, porcelain) and the presence of certain bacterial species. The choice of the material of the vessel containing the holy water affects the growth of microorganisms through the smoothness of its surface. Rougher surfaces provide a better substrate for microbial attachment and biofilm formation. Microorganisms adhere more quickly to hydrophobic and nonpolar materials (plastic) than to hydrophilic materials (glass or metal) (Donlan 2002). To reduce contamination of the holy water, it would be better to use fonts made of glass or metal than fonts made of stone, for example. Testing of the selected bacterial isolates for antibiotic resistance to nine antibiotics showed that the majority of the strains tested were sensi- tive to tetracycline (12.5 mg/l) and chloram- phenicol (25 mg/l) and resistant to cefotaxime (2 mg/l) and colistin (3.5 mg/l) (Fig. 8). The use of colistin has increased recently mainly because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. It is used as a last resort antibiotic against most Enterobacterales species and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conversely, colistin is not active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative cocci, and anaerobic bacteria (Torres et al. 2021). However, such a high level of resistance (63,9% of bacterial isolates) could be alarming. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints for colistin (EUCAST 2022) for interpretation are for Acinetobacter spp. and Enterobacterales ≤ 2 mg l-1 susceptible (S), > 2 mg l-1 resistant (R), while for Pseudomonas spp. ≤ 4 mg l-1 susceptible, > 4 mg l-1 resistant. However, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommends higher susceptibility breakpoints for P. aeruginosa (S ≤ 2 mg l-1, R ≥ 8 mg l-1) and for Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter spp. (S ≤ 2 mg l-1, R ≥ 4 mg l-1) (CLSI 2020). According to CLSI recommendations, the colistin concentration in the culture medium was too low to correctly assess susceptibility to colistin. The same may be 56Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 true for cefotaxime, where the EUCAST recom- mendations are for Enterobacterales and other non-species related (S ≤ 1 mg l-1, R ≥ 2 mg l-1) (EUCAST 2022), whereas the CLSI breakpoint recommendations are for aerobic bacteria (S ≤ 1 mg l-1, R ≥ 4 mg l-1) (Humphries et al. 2019). The observed high resistance in Pseudomonas aerugi- nosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains, both of which are most commonly associated with respiratory infections in humans, is somewhat expected and consistent with the literature, as these multidrug-resistant species are intrinsically resistant to a variety of antibiotics (Brooke 2012, Luczkiewicz et al. 2015). According to our results, the risk of bacterial infection from holy water is modest, especially if only applied to unbroken skin. Many of the isolated bacteria from holy water may actually have been introduced by churchgoers. This is especially true for those bacteria that are considered part of skin microbiota and are not normally associated with aqueous environments. However, the unpredict- ability of contamination source of holy water means that the water may sporadically contain more problematic species than the ones identified in this study, or strains of the species found here, but with higher resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, sprinkling or other actions that can lead to inhalation or ingestion of the holy water or its introduction into eyes is not recommended, particularly for immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, neonates, and patients with severe burns, trauma, postoperative wounds, or intravenous access. Conclusions Holy water may pose a risk of infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Adding salt (NaCl) to holy water is an accepted practice in Catholic churches, but the concentrations required to limit most microbial growth (20% w/v or more) are often incompatible with the protection of fonts as part of the cultural heritage. Since the complete removal of water from fonts would likely be poorly accepted for religious reasons, the recommended practice to limit the transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms is regular and rigorous cleaning of the fonts, use of vessels with easy-to-clean surfaces and regular replacement, e.g., after sev- eral days during non-holiday period, and daily after attending Mass in churches during church holidays. The public, especially individuals with increased susceptibility for infection, can protect themselves by avoiding the contact of the holy water with eyes, nose, mouth, ears and broken skin, and by practising good hand hygiene. Povzetek V Sloveniji se je po zadnjem popisu prebival- stva iz leta 2002 za katoličane opredelilo 57,8 % prebivalcev (Črnič in sod. 2013). Tako kot v drugih krščanskih religijah je za katoličane blagoslovlje- na voda tista, ki jo je blagoslovil duhovnik in se uporablja pri svetem krstu ter za blagoslov ljudi, živali, cerkva, domov in predmetov (Jurado in sod. 2002, Kirschner in sod. 2012). Nekatere študije so blagoslovljeno vodo prepoznale kot potencialni vir okužbe s patogenimi organizmi (Rees in Allen 1996, Greaves in Porter 1992, Michel in sod. 2013, Gajurel in Deresinski 2021). Zaradi zaskrbljenosti zaradi COVID-19 so številne cerkve izpraznile kropilnike za blagoslovljeno vodo, v nekaterih cer- kvah so celo namestili brezkontaktne razdelilnike blagoslovljene vode (Pullella 2020, Drogo 2022). V tej raziskavi smo preučevali mikrobiološko kakovost blagoslovljene vode, s poudarkom na bakterijah, v kropilnikih in rezervarjih desetih izbranih rimskokatoliških cerkva v Ljubljani in njeni okolici. Da bi ocenili potencialno tveganje za zdravje, smo bakterijske seve, izolirane iz bla- goslovljene vode, identificirali in preučili njihovo odpornost proti izbranim antibiotikom. Obremenitev blagoslovljene vode z aerobnimi bakterijami smo določili z metodo štetja na plo- ščah. V večini proučevanih cerkva je bilo število kolonijskih enot (CFU) na ml vzorca večje v bla- goslovljeni vodi iz kropilnikov (102 - 105 CFU ml-1; sl. 2) kot v rezervoarjih (101 - 103 CFU ml-1; sl. 3), kar je pričakovano, saj imajo obiskovalci cerkve neposreden vsakodnevni stik s blagoslovljeno vodo iz kropilnikov. Obremenitev z bakterijami se je razlikovala med različnimi cerkvami in tudi med različnimi vzorčenji ene same cerkve. Ugotovljena relativno zmerna bakterijska konta- minacija blagoslovljene vode iz kropilnikov je 57Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches skladna s prejšnjimi študijami iz cerkva na Dunaju v Avstriji (Kirschner in sod. 2012) in na območju Villingen-Schwenningen v Nemčiji (König in sod. 2017), kjer so uporabili podobne pogoje gojenja (bogato gojišče, inkubacija pri 37 °C). Na Dunaju so imeli vsi vzorci blagoslovljene vode iz preisko- vanih cerkva in bolnišničnih kapelic visoko število heterotrofnih mikrobov pri 37 °C, do 3 × 107 CFU ml-1, več kot v naši študiji, medtem ko je bila na območju Villingen-Schwenningena (Nemčija) povprečna mikrobna obremenitev blagoslovljene vode z aerobi 5,85±3,98 × 103 CFU ml-1. V študiji blagoslovljene vode iz kropilnikov cerkva v Sevilli v Španiji je bilo število aerobnih ter koliformnih bakterij v nekaterih cerkvah previsoko, da bi jih lahko prešteli (»too numerous too count«, TNTC) (Jurado in sod. 2002). Na obremenitev z bakterijami zagotovo vpliva število obiskovalcev ter pogostost čiščenja in menjave vode v kropilnikih (König in sod. 2017, Jurado in sod. 2002). Tovrstni podatki bi nam pomagali razumeti razlike med bakterijsko obremenitvijo blagoslovljene vode iz kropilnikov preučevanih cerkva v Ljubljani, vendar ti podatki niso bili na voljo. Kljub temu naši rezultati potr- jujejo, da je pogosto pomakanje prstov vernikov v vodo kropilnika ob vstopu in izstopu iz cerkve verjetno glavni razlog za večjo bakterijsko obre- menitev v kropilnikih v primerjavi z rezervoarji. Na ta način se mikrobi – in tudi hranila za njihovo rast – prenesejo s kože v blagoslovljeno vodo (Kirschner in sod. 2012). Rimskokatoliška cerkev priporoča dodajanje blagoslovljene soli (NaCl) vodi ob blagoslovu (Kirschner in sod. 2012). Sol smo določili le v vzorcih blagoslovljene vode iz dveh cerkva, njena koncentracija pa je bila nizka in se je gibala od 0,2 do 1,5 % NaCl (m/v) (Tab.1). V večini cerkva je bila koncentracija natrija enakega reda velikosti kot v vodovodni vodi. V študiji iz Španije so merili sposobnost preživetja izbranih bakterijskih vrst kot funkcijo različnih koncentracij NaCl. Pri koncen- traciji NaCl 20 % ali več naj bi tako patogene kot nepatogene bakterije lizirale (Jurado in sod. 2002). Do tega procesa, imenovanega plazmoliza, pride zaradi izhajanja vode, ki povzroči zmanjšanje volumna citoplazme. To lahko privede do umika celične stene, odcepitve in gubanja plazmaleme ter prekinitev proteinskih kompleksov, ki segajo čez celično steno (Wood 2011). V študiji Hrenovic in Ivankovic (2009), kjer so testirali preživetje E. coli in Acinetobacter junii pri različnih koncen- tracijah NaCl, je bilo popolno uničenje E. coli pri koncentraciji 20 % NaCl doseženo po 72 urah. Da bi preprečili kontaminacijo blagoslovljene vode, bi tako morali dodati večje količine NaCl, kot smo jih zaznali v naših vzorcih, saj bi le tako popolnoma zavrli rast večine mikroorganizmov. Visoke koncentracije NaCl pa lahko poškodujejo kropilnike, zato moramo uporabo NaCl skrbno uravnotežiti z varovanjem kulturne dediščine (Jurado in sod. 2002). Druga alternativa je, da blagoslovljeno vodo dnevno menjamo in redno čistimo kropilnike. Iz 56 vzorcev blagoslovljene vode smo osamili 585 bakterijskih izolatov, ter jih identificirali na podlagi homolognih zaporedij gena za 16S rRNA v podatkovni zbirki GenBank. Združbo aerobnih gojljivih bakterij iz blagoslovljene vode so se- stavljale predvsem bakterijske vrste iz razredov Gammaproteobacteria in Actinomycetes (slika 4). Sestava bakterijske združbe se je razlikovala med cerkvami, pa tudi med kropilnikom in rezervoarjem posamezne cerkve. Nekateri rodovi so bili prisotni samo v blagoslovljeni vodi iz kropilnikov (Delftia, Kocuria, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus), v blagoslovljeni vodi iz kropilnikov, rezervoarjev in vodovodne vode pa smo identificirali vrste le dveh rodov (Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) (sl. 5). Verjetno so nekatere od identificiranih bakterij iz kropilnikov izvirale s kože obiskovalcev cerkve. V mikrobioti kože človeških rok, ki so jo preu- čevali s sekvenciranjem pomnožkov, so bile naj- dene vrste iz bakterijskih debel Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota in Bacillota, ki so predstavljale 94 % vseh identificiranih bakterijskih vrst, z najbolj razširjenimi rodovi Cutibacterium (31,6 % vseh zaporedij; Actinomycetota), Streptococcus (17,2 %; Bacillota), Staphylococcus (8,3 %; Bacillota), Corynebacterium (4,3 %; Actinomycetota) in Lactobacillus (3,1 %; Bacillota) (Egert in Simmering 2016, Byrd in sod. 2018, Carmona- Cruz in sod. 2022). V skladu s predhodnimi študijami (Rees in Allen 1996, Jurado in sod. 2002, Kirschner in sod. 2012, König in sod. 2017) smo odkrili tudi bakterije fekalnega izvora, to so enterokoki in enterobakterije, čeprav v zelo nizkem številu. Tako je bil predstavnik fekalnih indikatorskih bakterij Enterococcus sp. najden le 58Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 v enem vzorcu blagoslovljene vode iz rezervoarja, Citrobacter freundii in Enterobacter cloacae pa v dveh vzorcih vode iz kropilnikov. Z uporabo metod strojnega učenja smo želeli raziskati pojavljanje bakterijskih vrst kot funk- cijo lokacije vzorčenja (kropilnik ali rezervoar). Nekatere bakterijske vrste so se pojavljale le v blagoslovljeni vodi iz kropilnikov (Acinetobacter beijerinckii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Brevundimonas aurantiaca, Brevundimonas me- diterranea, Staphylococcus warneri), medtem ko so bile druge, kot je Microbacterium maritypicum, bolj pogoste v rezervoarjih blagoslovljene vode (sl. 6). Večina teh bakterij ima razmeroma nizek pato- geni potencial in nekatere od njih veljajo za kožne komensale. Rod Acinetobacter (Pseudomonadota) se običajno nahaja v vodnem okolju, pri čemer je večina vrst nepatogenih. Najpogostejša vrsta, ki povzroča okužbe, je A. baumannii, sledijo pa ji vrste, ki jih najdemo tudi na človeški koži, kot sta A. calcoaceticus in A. lwoffii, ki je bil prav tako izoliran iz naših vzorcev blagoslovljene vode. To so večinoma oportunistični patogeni, ki pov- zročajo okužbe, zlasti pri bolnikih z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom. Druge vrste, vključno z A. haemolyticus, A. johnsonii, A. junii, A. nosocomi- alis, A. pittii, A. schindleri in A. ursingii, naj bi le redko povzročale okužbe (Wong in sod. 2017). Brevundimonas spp. (Pseudomonadota) so rod nefermentirajočih gramnegativnih bakterij in so, zlasti Brevundimonas diminuta in Brevundimonas vesicularis, le malo klinično pomembne (Ryan in Pembroke 2018). Vrste rodu Microbacterium (Actinomycetota), ki so grampozitivne paličice in ne tvorijo spor, so prav tako redko povezovali z okužbami pri ljudeh. Vse več raziskav pa kaže, da so vrste rodu Microbacterium oportunistični človeški patogeni, ki lahko na primer povzročijo infektivni endokarditis, povezan z bakteriemijo, povzročeno z Microbacterium maritypicum (Yeung in sod. 2020). Po drugi strani pa Staphylococcus warneri, koagulazno negativni stafilokok (CNS), ki ga pogosto najdemo v mikrobioti človeških in živalskih epitelijev in sluznic, velja za oportuni- stičnega patogena, ki povzroča resne okužbe pri ljudeh in živalih (Liu in sod. 2020). Hierarhično združevanje smo uporabili za ugotavljanje podobnosti med mesti vzorčenja (kropilniki in rezervoarji) na podlagi matrike pojavljanja različnih bakterijskih vrst. Nekateri rezervoarji so se združevali skupaj z vodovodno vodo, kar kaže, da pomemben del bakterijske združbe v teh rezervoarjih izvira iz vodovodne vode (sl. 7). Vendar to ne velja za vse vzorče- ne cerkve. Morda nepričakovano tudi nismo opazili združevanja vzorcev iz rezervoarjev in kropilnikov posamezne cerkve. Ker so bili kro- pilniki v preučevanih cerkvah izdelani iz kamna, porcelana, stekla in kovine, smo ugotavljali, ali obstaja povezava med materialom kropilnika in prisotnostjo posameznih bakterijskih vrst. Čeprav so bile določene bakterijske vrste izolirane samo iz nekovinskih kropilnikov, žal nismo ugotovili povezave med materialom posode (kovina, ka- men, steklo, porcelan) in prisotnostjo določenih bakterijskih vrst. Material posode z blagoslovljeno vodo vpliva na rast mikroorganizmov z gladkostjo površine. Bolj grobe površine zagotavljajo boljšo podlago za pritrditev mikrobov in tvorbo biofilma. Mikroorganizmi se hitreje prilepijo na hidrofobne in nepolarne materiale (plastika) kot na hidrofilne materiale (steklo ali kovina) (Donlan 2002). Da bi zmanjšali onesnaženje blagoslovljene vode, bi bilo bolje uporabiti kropilnike na primer iz stekla ali kovine kot iz kamna. Protimikrobno testiranje izbranih bakterijskih izolatov proti devetim antibiotikom je pokazalo, da je večina testiranih sevov občutljivih proti tetraciklinu (12,5 mg/l) in kloramfenikolu (25 mg/l) ter odpornih proti cefotaksimu (2 mg/l) in kolistinu (3,5 mg/l) (sl. 8). Uporaba kolistina se je v zadnjem času povečala predvsem zaradi pojava gramnegativnih bakterij, odpornih proti več antibiotikom. Uporablja se kot antibiotik zadnje obrambne linije proti večini vrst reda Enterobacterales in nefermentirajočih gramnega- tivnih bakterij, kot sta Acinetobacter baumannii in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nasprotno pa kolistin ne deluje proti grampozitivnim bakterijam, gra- mnegativnim kokom in anaerobnim bakterijam (Torres in sod. 2021). Zato bi lahko bila tako visoka stopnja odpornosti (63,9 % bakterijskih izolatov) zaskrbljujoča. Smernice mejnih vrednosti minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MIC) za kolistin (EUCAST 2022) po EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) so za Acinetobacter spp. in Enterobacterales ≤ 2 mg l-1 občutljiv (S), > 2 mg l-1 odporen (R), 59Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches medtem ko za Pseudomonas spp. velja ≤ 4 mg l-1 občutljiv, > 4 mg l-1 odporen. Vendar Inštitut za klinične in laboratorijske standarde (CLSI) priporoča višje mejne vrednosti občutljivosti za P. aeruginosa (S ≤ 2 mg l-1, R ≥ 8 mg l-1) ter za Enterobacterales in Acinetobacter spp. (S ≤ 2 mg l-1, R ≥ 4 mg l-1) (CLSI 2020). Glede na smernice CLSI je bila koncentracija kolistina v gojišču prenizka za pravilno oceno občutljivosti proti kolistinu. Enako bi lahko veljalo za cefotaksim, kjer so smernice EUCAST za Enterobacterales in druge nesorodne vrste (S ≤ 1 mg l-1, R ≥ 2 mg l-1) (EUCAST 2022), medtem ko so smernice CLSI za mejne vrednosti za aerobne bakterije (S ≤ 1 mg l-1, R ≥ 4 mg l-1) (Humphries in sod. 2019). Opažena visoka odpornost sevov vrst Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, ki sta najpogosteje povezani z okužbami dihal pri ljudeh, je pričakovana in skladna z objavami, saj sta ti vrsti intrinzično odporni proti več antibio- tikom (Brooke 2012, Luczkiewicz in sod. 2015). Glede na naše rezultate je tveganje za bakte- rijsko okužbo z blagoslovljeno vodo majhno, še posebej, če se jo nanaša samo na nepoškodovano kožo. Precej izoliranih bakterij iz blagoslovljene vode so najbrž vanjo vnesli obiskovalci cerkve. To še posebej velja za tiste bakterije, ki so prepoznane kot del mikrobiote kože in običajno niso povezane z vodnim okoljem. Vendar pa nepredvidljivost vira kontaminacije blagoslovljene vode pomeni, da lahko voda občasno vsebuje več problematičnih vrst od tistih, opredeljenih v tej študiji, ali sevov vrst, ki jih najdemo tukaj, vendar z večjo odpornostjo proti antibiotikom. Zato načini uporabe blagoslovljene vode, ki bi lahko vodili do vdihavanja, zaužitja vode ali njenega vnosa v oči ali druga tkiva, niso priporočljivi, zlasti za imunsko oslabljene posameznike, starejše, novorojenčke in bolnike s hudimi opeklinami, poškodbami, pooperativnimi ranami ali z vzpostavljeno periferno vensko potjo. Blagoslovljena voda tako lahko predstavlja nevarnost okužbe s patogenimi mikroorganizmi. Ker bi bila popolna odstranitev vode iz kropilnikov verjetno slabo sprejeta zaradi verskih razlogov, je priporočena praksa za omejitev prenosa po- tencialno patogenih mikroorganizmov redno in temeljito čiščenje kropilnikov, uporaba posod s površinami, ki jih je enostavno čistiti, in redna oziroma vsakodnevna zamenjava vode, zlasti po povečanem obisku cerkva (npr. ob cerkvenih praznikih). Javnost, zlasti posamezniki s povečano dovzetnostjo za okužbe, se lahko zaščitijo tako, da se izogibajo stiku blagoslovljene vode z očmi, nosom, usti, ušesi in poškodovano kožo ter z vzdrževanjem dobre higiene rok. Acknowledgements We acknowledge the financial support from the state budget of the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P1-0198, P4-0432, I0-0022 MRIC UL IC Mycosmo). The authors are grateful to Ms Barbara Kastelic Bokal for her technical assistance. Supplementary material Table S1: List of identified bacterial isolates from holy water of fonts and reservoirs. 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ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 133-156. Wong, D, Nielsen, T.B., Bonomo, R.A., Pantapalangkoor, P., Luna, B., Spellberg, B., 2017. Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 30(1), 409-447. Yeung, E.Y.H., Chowdhury, M.F., Slinger, R.W., 2020. First case report of infective endocarditis as- sociated with Microbacterium maritypicum. IDCases, 22: e00952. ACTA BIOLOGICA SLOVENICA LJUBLJANA 2022 Vol. 65, Št. 2 Supplementary information Table S1: List of identified bacterial isolates from holy water of fonts and reservoirs. Risk group determined according to TRBA 466 Classification of Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) into Risk Groups (Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://www.baua.de/EN/Service/ Legislative-texts-and-technical-rules/Rules/TRBA/TRBA-466.html). Tabela S1: Seznam identificiranih bakterijskih izolatov iz blagoslovljene vode kropilnikov in rezervoarjev. Mycosmo culture collection no. (exb) Genbank Identity Risk group Phylum, class, order, family Sample Medium and growth temperature L-5025 Kocuria salsicia 99.72 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5026 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5027 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5028 Staphylococcus lugdunensis 100 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae FC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5029 Kocuria arsenatis/Kocuria rhizophila 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5030 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5031 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5032 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5033 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5034 Ralstonia pickettii 99.7 2 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5035 Pseudomonas alcaliphila/ Pseudomonas oleovorans 99.89 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C 63Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5036 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans/ Pseudomonas knackmussii 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5037 Ralstonia pickettii 99.82 2 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5038 Microbacterium invictum 98.42 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5039 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans/ Pseudomonas knackmussii 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5040 Brevibacterium sanguinis 100 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5041 Ralstonia pickettii 99.79 2 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5042 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.82 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5043 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.8 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5044 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans/ Pseudomonas knackmussii 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5045 Pseudomonas chengduensis 99.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5046 Pseudomonas chengduensis 99.89 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5047 Microbacterium invictum 98.35 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5048 Pseudomonas chengduensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5049 Rothia kristinae 99.56 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae FC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5050 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5051 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 64Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5052 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.41 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5053 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5054 Actinomyces haliotis 99.97 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Actinomycetaceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5055 Rothia amarae 97.88 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5056 Rothia terrae 98.96 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5057 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 99.82 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae FC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5058 Rothia kristinae 99.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5059 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 99.9 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5060 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5061 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 99.91 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5062 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5063 Rothia kristinae 99.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5064 Rothia kristinae 99.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae FC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5067 Microbacterium testaceum 99.05 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5068 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.72 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5069 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.72 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5070 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 99.79 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae FC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5071 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.91 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5072 Brevibacterium casei 99.22 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 65Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5073 Sphingobacterium daejeonense 99.63 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5074 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5075 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans/ Pseudomonas knackmussii 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5076 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 99.35 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5077 Microbacterium saccharophilum 99.14 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5078 Pseudomonas chengduensis 99.8 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5079 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans/ Pseudomonas knackmussii 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5080 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.2 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5081 Brevundimonas mediterranea 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5082 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.61 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5083 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 99.61 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5084 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5085 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5086 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C 66Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5087 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5089 Sphingomonas hankookensis 98.87 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5090 Staphylococcus vitulinus 99.91 1 Bacillota, Bacilli,Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5091 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.14 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5092 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.51 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5093 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5094 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.57 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5095 Staphylococcus vitulinus 99.9 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae SC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5097 Pseudomonas peli 99.63 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5098 Bacillus drentensis/Bacillus infantis 99.7 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Bacillaceae UC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5099 Microbacterium testaceum 99.12 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5100 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.25 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5101 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.4 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5102 Microbacterium testaceum 99.15 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5103 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.18 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 67Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5104 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.24 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5105 Microbacterium lacus 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5107 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.29 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5108 Enterococcus ureilyticus 99.9 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Enterococcaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5109 Cellulosimicrobium funkei 99.72 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Promicromonosporaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5110 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5111 Microbacterium saccharophilum 98.28 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5112 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.38 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5113 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.8 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5114 Kocuria carniphila 99.72 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5115 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.78 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5116 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5117 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.65 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5120 Janibacter indicus 99.09 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Intrasporangiaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5121 Rothia amarae 98.04 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae UC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5122 Acinetobacter beijerinckii 98.93 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5123 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 blood agar, 37 °C 68Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5124 Acinetobacter johnsonii 98.76 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5125 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5126 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5127 Chryseobacterium hispalense 99.79 1 Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5128 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5129 Kocuria carniphila 99.71 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5130 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.62 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5131 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.89 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5132 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5133 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.89 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5134 Barrientosiimonas humi 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Dermacoccaceae VC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5136 Novosphingobium aquaticum/ Novosphingobium subterraneum/ Novosphingobium lentum 97.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Erythrobacteraceae VC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5137 Ponticoccus gilvus 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacterales, Rhodobacteraceae VC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5139 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5140 Bacillus aerius 99.68 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Bacillaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5141 Microbacterium chocolatum 98.6 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5142 Microbacterium chocolatum 98.6 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 69Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5143 Acinetobacter johnsonii 98.82 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5144 Cellulosimicrobium funkei 99.53 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5145 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5146 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5147 Rothia amarae 99.89 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5149 Naumannella halotolerans 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Propionibacteriales, Propionibacteriaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5150 Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.8 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae VC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5151 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5153 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5154 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5155 Staphylococcus epidermidis 99.89 2 Firmicutes, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae TC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5156 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5157 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.6 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5158 Acinetobacter johnsonii 98.98 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5159 Microbacterium testaceum 99.04 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5160 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C 70Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5161 Acidovorax facilis 99.44 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5162 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.36 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5163 Acinetobacter beijerinckii 99.41 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5164 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5165 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5166 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.32 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5167 Microbacterium testaceum 98.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5168 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5169 Acidovorax facilis 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5170 Kocuria uropygioeca/Kocuria uropygialis 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae KC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5171 Acinetobacter beijerinckii 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae BC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5173 Acinetobacter beijerinckii 99.61 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae BC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5174 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.5 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae BC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5177 Sphingomonas paucimobilis 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae BC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5178 Microbacterium testaceum 99.13 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5179 Brevundimonas mediterranea 99.72 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae DC_1 blood agar, 37 °C 71Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5180 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5181 Kocuria uropygioeca 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae DC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5182 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 97.7 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae DC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5183 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.73 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae DC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5184 Microbacterium testaceum 98.24 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5185 Microbacterium testaceum 99.15 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5186 Microbacterium testaceum 99.1 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5187 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 99.61 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae DC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5188 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.9 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5189 Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga 99.55 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae DC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5190 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5191 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5192 Microbacterium testaceum 99.08 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5193 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 99.61 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5194 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 99.67 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5195 Microbacterium testaceum 99.17 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 72Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5196 Acidovorax facilis 99.34 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5197 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.81 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5198 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.9 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5200 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5201 Chryseobacterium sediminis 98.17 1 Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae SI_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5202 Rothia aeria 99.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae SI_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5203 Staphylococcus warneri 99.91 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae SI_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5204 Rothia amarae 97.99 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae SI_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5205 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5207 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 99.91 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae SI_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5208 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.63 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5209 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5210 Aerococcus urinaeequi 99.91 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Aerococcaceae SI_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5211 Sphingomonas olei/ Sphingomonas panaciterrae 100 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5212 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.54 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5213 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5214 Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Dermabacteraceae SI_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 73Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5215 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5216 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5217 Acinetobacter johnsonii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5218 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.9 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5220 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.13 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5221 Rothia amarae 98.04 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae RC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5222 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.86 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5223 Microbacterium lacus 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5224 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5225 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.42 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5226 Brevundimonas diminuta 99.53 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5227 Delftia lacustris 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5228 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5229 Stenotrophomonas bentonitica 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5230 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5231 Pseudomonas helmanticensis 99.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C 74Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5232 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.73 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5234 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.82 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5235 Pseudomonas turukhanskensis 99.62 - Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5236 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5238 Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.9 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5239 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5240 Pseudomonas turukhanskensis 99.62 - Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5241 Tsukamurella pulmonis 100 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Mycobacteriales, Tsukamurellaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5242 Pseudomonas putida 99.2 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5243 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.73 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R1 blood agar, 37 °C L-5244 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.72 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5245 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.72 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5246 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5247 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.81 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5248 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 75Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5249 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5250 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 99.54 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5251 Sphingomonas olei 99.81 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5252 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.6 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5253 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5254 Brachybacterium conglomeratum 99.8 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Actinomycetales, Dermabacteraceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5255 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R1 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5256 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.11 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5257 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.6 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5258 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5259 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/ Pseudomonas hibiscicola 98.96 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae SC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5260 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5261 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5262 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5263 Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum 99.63 - Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5264 Asticcacaulis excentricus 99.62 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 76Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5265 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.26 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5266 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 99.9 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5267 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.13 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae SC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5268 Pantoea dispersa 99.17 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Erwiniaceae SC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5269 Stenotrophomonas pavanii/ Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/ Pseudomonas geniculata 99.79 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae SC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5270 Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum 99.73 - Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5271 Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum 99.81 - Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5272 Cellulomonas pakistanensis 99.89 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Actinomycetales, Cellulomonadaceae SC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5273 Pantoea dispersa 99.19 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Erwiniaceae SC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5274 Pantoea dispersa 99.02 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Erwiniaceae SC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5275 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans 99.54 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5276 Curtobacterium citreum 99.43 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5278 Microbacterium foliorum 99.44 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5279 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.17 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5280 Delftia acidovorans 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5281 Delftia acidovorans 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C 77Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5282 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.23 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5283 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.54 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5284 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.25 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5285 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.72 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5286 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.82 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5288 Microbacterium testaceum 98.99 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5289 Microbacterium zeae/ Microbacterium proteolyticum 98.48 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5290 Microbacterium zeae/ Microbacterium proteolyticum 98.42 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5291 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.9 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5292 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5293 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5294 Microbacterium zeae/ Microbacterium proteolyticum 98.42 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5295 Sphingomonas koreensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5296 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5297 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.72 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5298 Microbacterium zeae/ Microbacterium proteolyticum 98.61 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 78Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5299 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.23 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5300 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.23 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5301 Microbacterium lacus 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5302 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.27 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5303 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.22 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5304 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.23 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5305 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.81 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5306 Limnobacter thiooxidans 99.53 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5307 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.19 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5308 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.25 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5313 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.21 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5314 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5317 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.21 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C 79Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5318 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.1 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis UC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5319 Kocuria arsenatis/Kocuria rhizophila 99.71 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae UC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5320 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5321 Chryseobacterium echinoideorum 99.54 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae VC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5322 Sphingobacterium faecium 99.11 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae VC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5323 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.71 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5324 Sphingomonas panni 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae VC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5325 Chryseobacterium hominis 99.63 2 Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae VC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5327 Chryseobacterium echinoideorum 99.53 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae VC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5328 Chryseobacterium hominis 98.32 2 Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae VC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5329 Sphingobacterium faecium 99.62 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae VC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5330 Brevundimonas bullata 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae VC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5331 Pelomonas aquatica 98.99 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae VC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5332 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.81 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5333 Microbacterium aurum 99.8 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5334 Limnobacter thiooxidans 99.68 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae VC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5335 Pelomonas puraquae 99.34 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae VC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C 80Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5336 Pelomonas aquatica 99.18 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae VC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5337 Novosphingobium lentum 99.86 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Erythrobacteraceae VC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5338 Pelomonas aquatica 99.15 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae VC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5339 Pelomonas aquatica 99.01 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae VC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5340 Pelomonas aquatica 99.16 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5341 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5342 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5343 Pseudomonas xanthomarina 98.97 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5344 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.9 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5345 Pseudomonas xanthomarina 98.97 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5346 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5347 Staphylococcus hominis 99.9 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5348 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 81Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5349 Pseudomonas zhaodongensis 99.48 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5350 Pseudomonas knackmussii 99.9 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5351 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5352 Pelomonas aquatica 99.16 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae TC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5353 Pelomonas aquatica 96.94 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5354 Pseudomonas xanthomarina 98.97 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5355 Microbacterium testaceum 98.98 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5356 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5357 Pelomonas aquatica 99.07 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5358 Microbacterium testaceum 99.08 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5359 Pelomonas aquatica 99.15 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5360 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5361 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5362 Microbacterium testaceum 99.11 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5363 Staphylococcus warneri 100 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C 82Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5364 Citrobacter freundii 99.24 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5365 Pelomonas aquatica 99.15 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5366 Pelomonas aquatica 99.08 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5367 Microbacterium testaceum 99.08 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5368 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.81 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae DC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5369 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5370 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 100 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5371 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5372 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.9 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5373 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.81 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5374 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5375 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5376 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5377 Pelomonas aquatica 99.23 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5378 Acidovorax facilis 99.44 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C 83Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5379 Pelomonas aquatica 99.08 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5380 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 99.62 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5381 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5382 Pelomonas aquatica 99.04 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5383 Pelomonas aquatica 99.15 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5384 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 99.63 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5386 Pelomonas puraquae 99.26 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5387 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 99.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5388 Pseudomonas koreensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5390 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5391 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5392 Pelomonas puraquae 98.46 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5393 Pelomonas aquatica 99.17 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5394 Pseudomonas koreensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 84Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5395 Pelomonas aquatica 97.36 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5396 Pelomonas puraquae 99.21 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5397 Acinetobacter lwoffii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5398 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.36 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae KC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5399 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.36 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae KC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5400 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.38 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae KC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5401 Acinetobacter lwoffii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5402 Pelomonas aquatica 98.89 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae KC_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5403 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.71 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5404 Microbacterium hominis 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5405 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.73 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5408 Pelomonas aquatica 99.01 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5409 Pelomonas aquatica 98.77 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5411 Pseudomonas koreensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5412 Staphylococcus lentus 100 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5413 Pelomonas aquatica 99.17 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5414 Staphylococcus warneri 99.91 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5416 Pelomonas puraquae 99.23 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 85Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5417 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5418 Sphingomonas panni 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5419 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.62 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5421 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SI_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5422 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SI_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5423 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.73 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5424 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.8 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5425 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5426 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5427 Pseudomonas baetica 99.35 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5428 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5429 Pseudomonas baetica 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5430 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5431 Pseudomonas koreensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5432 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.79 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5433 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 86Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5434 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae BC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5435 Brevundimonas mediterranea 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae BC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5436 Staphylococcus warneri 100 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae BC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5437 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae BC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5438 Streptococcus mitis 88.36 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Streptococcaceae BC_2 blood agar, 37 °C L-5439 Rothia mucilaginosa 99.27 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae BC_2 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5440 Acinetobacter parvus 99.63 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae Tap water blood agar, 37 °C L-5441 Methylorubrum populi/ Methylorubrum thiocyanatum 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Hyphomicrobiales, Methylobacteriaceae Tap water blood agar, 37 °C L-5442 Sphingopyxis alaskensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae Tap water blood agar, 37 °C L-5443 Ottowia shaoguanensis 96.96 - Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae Tap water blood agar, 37 °C L-5444 Pseudomonas peli 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae Tap water blood agar, 37 °C L-5445 Sphingopyxis alaskensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae Tap water blood agar, 37 °C L-5446 Methylorubrum populi/ Methylorubrum thiocyanatum 99.79 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Rhizobiales, Methylobacteriaceae Tap water UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5464 Massilia varians 99.72 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae VC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5465 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.35 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_3 blood agar, 37 °C 87Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5466 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.29 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5467 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae VC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5469 Sphingobacterium multivorum 99.9 2 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5470 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.53 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5471 Sphingobacterium multivorum 99.91 2 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5472 Massilia varians 99.73 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5473 Acinetobacter johnsonii 98.26 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5474 Pseudomonas putida 99.91 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5475 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.46 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5476 Sphingomonas olei 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae VC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5477 Sphingobacterium hotanense 99.9 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5478 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5479 Limnobacter thiooxidans 99.72 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae VC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5480 Limnobacter thiooxidans 99.61 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae VC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5481 Barrientosiimonas humi 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Actinomycetales, Dermacoccaceae VC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C 88Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5482 Cellulosimicrobium funkei 99.51 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Promicromonosporaceae VC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5483 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae VC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5484 Cellulosimicrobium funkei 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Promicromonosporaceae VC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5485 Epidermidibacterium keratini 100 - Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Geodermatophilales, Antricoccaceae VC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5486 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.9 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5487 Sphingobacterium cellulitidis 100 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5488 Sphingobacterium multivorum 100 2 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5489 Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5490 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.73 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5491 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5492 Brevundimonas olei 100 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5493 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5494 Enterobacter cloacae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae TC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5495 Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens 100 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Mycobacteriales, Tsukamurellaceae TC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5496 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_3 blood agar, 37 °C 89Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5497 Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum 99.89 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Dermabacteraceae TC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5498 Sphingobacterium cellulitidis 100 1 Bacteroidota, Sphingobacteriia, Sphingobacteriales, Sphingobacteriaceae TC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5500 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.81 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae TC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5501 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5502 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5503 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5504 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5505 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5506 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5507 Acidovorax temperans 99.64 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae DC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5508 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5509 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5510 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae DC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5511 Pseudomonas baetica 99.28 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae DC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 90Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5513 Brevundimonas aurantiaca 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5514 Microbacterium testaceum 99.14 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5515 Microbacterium hatanonis 99.44 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5516 Microbacterium chocolatum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5517 Microbacterium chocolatum 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5518 Microbacterium testaceum 99.17 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5519 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.71 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5520 Brevundimonas bullata 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae KC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5521 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans 99.8 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5522 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5523 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.54 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5525 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5526 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.48 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae KC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5527 Pseudomonas koreensis 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae KC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5528 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.36 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae KC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5530 Micrococcus aloeverae 99.79 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae KC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5531 Staphylococcus epidermidis 99.82 2 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae KC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5532 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.36 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae KC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 91Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5533 Micrococcus yunnanensis 99.68 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae KC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5534 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.04 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5535 Sphingomonas panni 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5537 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5538 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5539 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.18 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5540 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5541 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5542 Sphingomonas hankookensis 99.42 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5543 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.12 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5544 Staphylococcus warneri 99.91 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae SC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5545 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.27 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5547 Sphingomonas panni 99.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5548 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5550 Acidovorax temperans 99.65 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae SC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 92Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5551 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae SC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5552 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.26 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5553 Rothia kristinae 99.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5554 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.9 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5556 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.2 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5557 Rothia amarae 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae FC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5559 Acinetobacter haemolyticus 99.12 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae FC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5560 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5561 Microbacterium zeae 98.63 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5562 Microbacterium lacus 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5563 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.71 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5564 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.72 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5565 Pseudomonas alcaligenes 98.79 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5566 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5567 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 99.91 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5568 Rhodococcus corynebacterioides 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Mycobacteriales, Nocardiaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5569 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C 93Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5570 Brevibacterium sanguinis/ Brevibacterium celere/ Brevibacterium antiquum/ Brevibacterium aurantiacum/ Brevibacterium casei 100 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5571 Pseudomonas peli 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5572 Brevibacterium sanguinis 99.7 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae FC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5573 Brevundimonas mediterranea 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae BC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5574 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.24 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis BC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5575 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 99.91 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae BC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5576 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae BC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5577 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.48 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5578 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.91 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5579 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.52 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5580 Aeromonas media 99.79 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Aeromonadales, Aeromonadaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5581 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 99.72 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5582 Tsukamurella pulmonis 100 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Mycobacteriales, Tsukamurellaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5583 Microbacterium foliorum 99.53 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5584 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.53 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C 94Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5585 Delftia lacustris 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5586 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.31 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5587 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5588 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.82 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5589 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.01 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5591 Microbacterium schleiferi 99.16 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5592 Micrococcus yunnanensis 99.72 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5593 Delftia lacustris 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5594 Aeromonas salmonicida/ Aeromonas piscicola/ Aeromonas bestiarum 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Aeromonadales, Aeromonadaceae RC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5595 Acidovorax soli 98.6 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5596 Microbacterium phyllosphaerae 99.72 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5597 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.82 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5598 Exiguobacterium mexicanum 99.82 1 Bacillota, Bacilli, Bacillales, Bacillales Incertae Sedis XII RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5599 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.37 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5600 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.43 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5601 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.65 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5602 Brevibacterium casei 99.52 2 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Brevibacteriaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5603 Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 95Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5604 Acidovorax soli 98.63 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5605 Neomicrococcus aestuarii 99.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5606 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.71 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5607 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.81 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5608 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.82 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5609 Microbacterium maritypicum 100 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5610 Microbacterium paraoxydans 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae RC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5611 Comamonas testosteroni 99.64 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5612 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans 99.45 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae RC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5613 Acinetobacter lwoffii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5614 Massilia varians 99.6 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5615 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.73 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5616 Pseudomonas peli 98.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5617 Acinetobacter lwoffii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5618 Rothia amarae 97.99 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5619 Sphingomonas olei 99.82 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5620 Massilia varians 99.79 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C 96Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5621 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5622 Massilia timonae 99.89 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5623 Acinetobacter lwoffii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5624 Pseudomonas stutzeri 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5625 Sphingomonas olei/ Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.9 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5626 Massilia timonae 99.89 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae UC_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5627 Rothia terrae 99.26 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5628 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans/ Pseudomonas psychrotolerans 99.53 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5629 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.91 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5630 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.8 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5631 Massilia varians 99.79 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae UC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5633 Pseudomonas peli 99.07 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5634 Sphingomonas olei 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5635 Acinetobacter lwoffii 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C 97Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5636 Pseudomonas peli 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5637 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae 100 2 Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Caulobacterales, Caulobacteraceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5638 Sphingomonas olei/ Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5639 Pseudomonas peli 100 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5640 Acinetobacter schindleri 98.68 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5643 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.91 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5644 Sphingomonas olei/ Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.9 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae UC_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5645 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5646 Rothia terrae 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5647 Rothia terrae 99.72 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5648 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.81 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5649 Limnobacter thiooxidans 99.7 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiaceae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5650 Rothia kristinae 99.54 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae UC_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5651 Hydrogenophaga palleronii 99.91 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5653 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C 98Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5654 Sphingomonas olei/ Sphingomonas panaciterrae 99.91 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5655 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.15 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5656 Acinetobacter lwoffii 99.82 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5657 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.72 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5658 Aquincola tertiaricarbonis 98.2 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholderiales incertae sedis SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5659 Chryseobacterium shandongense 99.27 - Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5660 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.55 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5661 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.72 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5662 Chryseobacterium aquaticum 99.63 1 Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Weeksellaceae SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5663 Acinetobacter beijerinckii 99.37 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SI_3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5667 Pseudomonas koreensis 99.72 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5668 Rothia amarae 97.9 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Micrococcineae SI_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5671 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.3 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SI_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5672 Microbacterium maritypicum 99.89 1 Actinomycetota, Actinomycetes, Micrococcales, Microbacteriaceae SI_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5673 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.37 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae SI_R3 blood agar, 37 °C 99Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5675 Massilia varians 99.34 1 Pseudomonadota, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae SI_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5676 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 99.63 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacterales, Lysobacteraceae SI_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5677 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 99.82 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5678 Bacillus aryabhattai 99.9 1 Bacillota, Bacilli,Bacillales, Bacillaceae SI_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5680 Serratia quinivorans 99.53 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Yersiniaceae SI_R3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5681 Pseudomonas rhodesiae 99.73 1 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae SI_R3 blood agar, 37 °C L-5682 Acinetobacter johnsonii 99.24 2 Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae VC_3 UriSelect4 agar, 37 °C L-5683 Sphingobium hydrophobicum 99.81 - Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae DC_3 blood agar, 37 °C 100Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 Table S2: List of the isolates selected for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing with the corresponding antimicrobial profile. + indicates resistance; - indicates susceptibility. Ampicillin (AMP) 100 mg/l; Chloramphenicol (CHL) 25 mg/l; Cefotaxime (CTX) 2 mg/l; Colistin (COL) 3.5 mg/l; Enrofloxacin (ENR) 0.5 mg/l; Erythromycin (ERY) 15 mg/l; Imipenem (IPM) 4 mg/l; Kanamycin (KAN) 50 mg/l); Tetracycline (TET) 10 mg/l. Tabela S2: Seznam izolatov, izbranih za testiranje odpornosti proti antibiotikom, s protimikrobnim profilom. + označuje odpornost; - označuje občutljivost. Mycosmo culture collection No. (EXB) Bacterial strain AMP 100 mg/l TET 12,5 mg/l IPM 4 mg/l ERY 15 mg/l CHL 25 mg/l KAN 50 mg/l CTX 2 mg/l ENR 0.5 mg/l COL 3.5 mg/l LB L-5122 Acinetobacter beijerinckii - - - - - - - - + + L-5171 Acinetobacter beijerinckii - - - - - - - - + + L-5091 Acinetobacter haemolyticus - - - - - - + - + + L-5256 Acinetobacter haemolyticus - - - - - - + - + + L-5279 Acinetobacter haemolyticus - - - - - - + - + + L-5539 Acinetobacter haemolyticus - - - - - - + - + + L-5559 Acinetobacter haemolyticus - - - - - - + - + + L-5094 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5125 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5165 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - + - - + + + + L-5183 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5217 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5232 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5286 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5296 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5470 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5523 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5578 Acinetobacter johnsonii - - - - - - + - - + L-5522 Acinetobacter lwoffii - - - - - - - - - + L-5577 Acinetobacter lwoffii - - - - - - + - - + L-5397 Acinetobacter lwoffii/Prolinoborus fasciculus - - - - - - + - - + L-5401 Acinetobacter lwoffii/Prolinoborus fasciculus - - - - - - + - - + L-5072 Brevibacterium casei - - - - + - + + + + 101Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5563 Brevibacterium sanguinis - - - - - - - - + + L-5032 Brevundimonas aurantiaca - - - - - - + + + + L-5168 Brevundimonas aurantiaca - - - - - + + - + + L-5266 Brevundimonas aurantiaca - - - - - - + + + + L-5226 Brevundimonas diminuta - - - - - - + + + + L-5081 Brevundimonas mediterranea - - - - - - + - + + L-5179 Brevundimonas mediterranea - - - - - - + - + + L-5492 Brevundimonas olei - - - - - - + + + + L-5050 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae - - - - - - - - + + L-5083 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae - - - - - - - - + + L-5182 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae - - - - - - - - + + L-5421 Brevundimonas vesicularis/ Brevundimonas nasdae - - - - - - + - + + L-5321 Chryseobacterium echinoideorum - - - - - + + - + + L-5201 Chryseobacterium sediminis + + + - - + + - + + L-5071 Chryseobacterium shandongense - - - - - + + - + + L-5398 Chryseobacterium shandongense - - - - - + - - + + L-5364 Citrobacter freundii - - - + - - - - - + L-5593 Delftia lacustris + - - + - - - - + + L-5494 Enterobacter cloacae - - - + - - - - + + L-5108 Enterococcus silesiacus/ Enterococcus caccae/ Enterococcus ureilyticus - - - - - - + + + + L-5029 Kocuria arsenatis/Kocuria rhizophila - - - - - - - + + + L-5114 Kocuria carniphila - - - - - - - + + + L-5129 Kocuria carniphila - - - - - - - - + + 102Acta Biologica Slovenica, 2022, 65 (2), 42–103 L-5181 Kocuria uropygioeca - - - - - - - + + + L-5223 Microbacterium lacus - - - - - - - - - + L-5587 Microbacterium maritypicum - - - + - - - - + + L-5205 Microbacterium paraoxydans - - - + - + + - + + L-5483 Microbacterium paraoxydans - - - + - + + - + + L-5579 Microbacterium paraoxydans - - - - - - + - + + L-5099 Microbacterium testaceum - - - - - - - + + + L-5268 Pantoea dispersa - - - + - - - - - + L-5292 Pseudomonas aeruginosa + + + + + + + - - + L-5565 Pseudomonas alcaligenes + - + + - - + - - + L-5243 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans - - - - - - - - - + L-5293 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans - - - - - - - - - + L-5344 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans - - - - - - - - - + L-5521 Pseudomonas chloritidismutans - - - - - - - - - + L-5527 Pseudomonas koreensis + - - + + - + - - + L-5275 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans - - - - - - - - - + L-5390 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans - - - + - - + + - + L-5467 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans - - - + - - + - - + L-5242 Pseudomonas putida - - - + - - + - - + L-5474 Pseudomonas putida + - - + - - + - - + L-5055 Rothia amarae - - - - - - - + + + L-5204 Rothia amarae - - - - - - - + + + L-5049 Rothia kristinae - - - - - - - + + + L-5553 Rothia kristinae - - - - - - - + + + L-5487 Sphingobacterium cellulitidis - - - - - + + - + + 103Turk et al.: Aerobic bacteria in holy water from Catholic churches L-5469 Sphingobacterium multivorum - - - - - - - + + + L-5488 Sphingobacterium multivorum - - + - - + + - + + L-5177 Sphingomonas paucimobilis - - - - - - - - + + L-5531 Staphylococcus epidermidis - - - + - - - - + + L-5057 Staphylococcus haemolyticus - - - - - - - - + + L-5207 Staphylococcus haemolyticus - - - + - - - - + + L-5412 Staphylococcus lentus - - - - - - + - + + L-5028 Staphylococcus lugdunensis - - - - - - - - + + L-5076 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia - - + + - + + - - + L-5250 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia + - + + - + + - + + L-5259 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/ Pseudomonas hibiscicola - - + + - + + - - + L-5269 Stenotrophomonas pavanii/ Stenotrophomonas maltophilia + - + + - + + + + +