The 12th Annual Conference of Europe’s Sciences and Arts Leaders and Scholars IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE 2024: In Service of Sustainability and Dignity organised by Alma Mater Europaea - ECM and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 1st edition Maribor, 8–13 March 2024 The 12th Annual Conference of Europès Sciences and Arts Leaders and Scholars It's About People 2024: In Service of Sustainability and Dignity Book of Abstracts Honorary Committee 2024: Dubravka Šuica, European Commission Vice-President for Democracy and Demography; Klaus Mainzer, President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts; Felix Unger, Honorary President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts; Ludvik Toplak, Rector of University Alma Mater Europaea; Jurij Toplak, University Professor, Alma Mater Europaea ECM, Fordham University, President of the Organisational Committee of the It’s About People Conference; Ioannis Liritzis, Dean of Natural Sciences, European Academy of Sciences and Arts; Peter Štih, President of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Željko Knez, University Professor, University of Maribor; Verica Trstenjak, Former Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the EU, Professor of European Law; Tatjana Christelbauer, Founder and Director, Agency for Cultural Diplomacy Vienna; Alice Siu, Senior Research Scholar at Stanford University, Associate Director, Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab; Borut Pahor, President of the Republic of Slovenia 2012–22; Richard James Overy, Professor, University of Exeter, Fellow of the Royal Historical Academy and British Academy; Andy Sumner, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, Professor at King’s College London, Senior Fellow, United Nations University; Michael Beckmann, University Professor, Dean, Technical University Dresden. Scientific and Programme Committee 2024: Klaus Mainzer (President), Ludvik Toplak, Jurij Toplak, Felix Unger, Dubravka Šuica, Ioannis Liritzis, Michael Beckmann, Peter Štih, Željko Knez, Lenart Škof, Verica Trstenjak, Barbara Toplak Perovič, Mark Franklin, Cees van der Eijk, Christopher Wlezien, Wouter van der Brug, Elias Dinas, Richard James Overy, Andy Sumner, Dany Bahar, Laurence Hewick, Jana Goriup, Luka Martin Tomažič, Daniel Siter, Anja Hellmuth Kramberger, Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel, Matej Mertik, Sebastjan Kristovič, Jasmina Kristovič, Edvard Jakšič, David Bogataj, Peter Pavel Klasinc, Suzana Bračič Tomažič, Uroš Marušič, Svebor Sečak, Rosana Hribar, Polonca Pangrčič, Nataša Vidnar, Marko Novak, Živa Arko, Tatjana Horvat, Tadej Strojnik, Nataša Štandeker, Maruša Mavsar, Nadia Manzoni, Gašper Pirc, Luka Trebežnik, Katja Holnthaner Zorec, Voyko Kavcic, Peter Vo-lasko, Howie Firth, Andraž Ivšek, Janez Potočnik, Teun J. Dekker, Carl Gombrich, Samuel Abraham, Raffaella Santi, Cirila Toplak, Daria Mustić, Paul David Crowther, Peter Seljak. Organisational Board 2024: Jurij Toplak (President), Luka Martin Tomažič (Vice-President), Daniel Siter, Anja Hellmuth Kramberger, Barbara Toplak Perovič, Špela Pokeržnik, Miha Jakin, Marko Benčak, Katarina Pernat, Špela Ekselenski Bečič, Petra Braček Kirbiš, Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel, Sebastjan Kristovič, Lenart Škof, Matej Mertik, Cirila Toplak, Ainhoa Lizariturry, Patricija Pongračič, Sašo Bjelić, Anja Jurše. Secretariat 2024: Luka Martin Tomažič, Daniel Siter, Marko Bencak, Katarina Pernat, Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel, Petra Braček Kirbiš, Dijana Štiglic. Editors: Jurij Toplak, Daniel Siter, Anja Hellmuth Kramberger, Luka Martin Tomažič, Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel Technical editor: Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel Pre-press preparation: Tjaša Pogorevc s. p. Edition: 1st online edition Place: Maribor Publisher: Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Alma Mater Press For the publisher: Ludvik Toplak Year of publishing: 2024 Available at: https://press.almamater.si/index.php/amp/catalog/category/CONF CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 001(082)(0.034.2) IT'S about people 2024: in service of sustainability and dignity (konferenca) (12 ; 2024 ; Maribor) It's about people 2024: In Service of Sustainability and Dignity [Elektronski vir] : the 12th Annual Conference of Europe’s Sciences and Arts Leaders and Scholars : book of abstracts : Maribor, 8-13 March 2024 / organized by Alma Mater Europaea - ECM & European Academy of Sciences and Arts ; [editors Jurij Toplak ... et al.]. - 1st ed. - Maribor : AMEU - ECM, Alma Mater Press, 2024 Način dostopa (URL): https://press.almamater.si/index.php/amp/catalog/category/CONF ISBN 978-961-7183-37-5 COBISS.SI-ID 192723715 The authors of the articles are responsible for all claims and data they list in their article(s). B I T T TABLE OF CONTENTS OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O INVITED TALKS OF THE CONFERENCE 19 R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Ludvik Toplak 20 S 02 F4E: IR Jurij Toplak 25 E N S NC E E Felix Unger 27 R O V F I E C Dubravka Šuica 28 E O UR F S OP Klaus Mainzer 31 U E’ S S TA S Ioannis Liritzis 33 C IN IE A NC Željko Knez 35 BI E L S IT A Verica Trstenjak 37 Y A NDN AD D Tatjana Christelbauer, Alice Siu 39 RT I S G L Borut Pahor 40 N E I A T D Y E Richard James Overy 41 RS AN Ioannis Liritzis 43 D SC Andy Sumner 44 HOL A Verica Trstenjak 45 RS HONORARY DOCTORATE CEREMONY 49 Ludvik Toplak 51 Željko Knez 52 Marko Robnik 54 Felix Unger 56 Lenart Škof 57 EDUCATION AND MENTAL HEALTH 59 RELATIONAL ASPECTS OF FAMILY RESILIENCE 61 Barbara Simonič WHAT HAS NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER IN COMMON WITH THE NEOLIBERAL SOCIAL VALUES? 62 Renata Šribar MENTAL HEALTH AND SCREEN AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION - DIGITAL COCAINE 63 Sebastjan Kristovič WITH THE HELP OF CHRISTIAN WORSHIP MUSIC TO MEET GOD AND THE BELIEVERS 64 Drago Jerebic MEASURING THE COLOR OF PERCEIVED AFTERIMAGE WITH A COLOR WHEEL 65 Bor Sojar Voglar ACTIVE LEARNING TOWARDS GLOBAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES 66 Polonca Pangrčič THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTABLISHING POSITIVE TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS 67 Katja Vrtačnik Garbas 5 THE POWERLESSNESS OF PROFESSIONAL WORKERS AT THE SOCIAL WORK CENTRE TO ESTABLISH B I T T OOK H 'S A A WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH THE USER OF THE SOCIAL WORK CENTRE SERVICES 68 E 1 O B 2 Nataša Novak O th F A U A T P N B FAMILY OF ORIGIN AND ANGER-CONFLICT DYNAMICS IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS: S N E T U O A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW 69 R A P A L L C C Leina Radusinović E 2 T ON S 02 F EFFECTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN TIMES OF NIHILISM, 4 E : I RE LACK OF MEANING AND IDENTITY CONFUSION 70 N S NC Uroš Perko E E R O V F I E THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE ACADEMIC APPROACHES OF THE NEW CE O UR GENERATION OF STUDENTS 71 F S OP Kledi Satka U E’ S S TA SC UNDERSTANDING SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN KOSOVO YOUTH: EXPLORING PSYCHOSOCIAL IN IE A NC AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS 72 BI E Naim Fanaj, Sevim Mustafa, Elona Krasniqi L S IT A Y A ND PROMOTION OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN N A D D R PARENTS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF FAMILY T I S PEDAGOGY AND FAMILY THERAPY 73 G L N E I A Jasminka Zloković, Sara Jerebic T D Y ER SUPPORTING DIGITAL SKILLS EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES S AN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SERVICE PROVIDERS 74 D S Lea Masnjak Šušković, Alisa Fabris, Rea Fulgosi-Masnjak CHOL RECONNECTED: ADDRESSING MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENGES IN EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, AR INCLUDING KOSOVO 75 S Naim Fanaj, Sevim Mustafa, Elona Krasniqi INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF PARENTS TRAUMATIC STRESS AND CHILD EDUCATION AND MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES: PROMOTING INNER STRENGHT AND RESILIENCE 76 Sara Jerebic, Jasminka Zloković SLEEP AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR MENTAL HEALTH IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: ANALYTICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY 77 Adelina Kakija, Denalda Bashota PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACHES AS HELP FOR SOLVING THE CHALLENGE OF RISKY ONLINE BEHAVIOURS 78 Nataša Demšar Pečak MENTAL HEALTH AND A MEANINGFUL LIFE FOR SLOVENIAN ADOLESCENTS 79 Jasmina Kristovič MINDFULNESS APPROACH IN SHAPING CONCEPTS OF INTERPRETING HOUSE MUSEUMS 80 Matjaž Koman INTEGRITY: THE CORE OF DIGNITY IN TEACHER EDUCATION 81 Erika Ašič HIGHER EDUCATION 83 THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES 85 Jurij Toplak TAKING THE EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION TO THE NEXT LEVEL - WHAT DOES IT TAKE? 86 Nadia Manzoni THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES INITIATIVE: BETWEEN STATUS HIERARCHIES AND INCLUSION 87 Agata Lambrechts 6 COMPARING THE 50 EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES 88 B I T T Jurij Toplak OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F PHYSIOTHERAPY 91 A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A THE EFFECTS OF MEDICAL STAY COMBINED WITH SPELEOTHERAPY ON THE PULMONARY P A L L C C E 2 FUNCTION AND EXERCISE TOLERANCE IN CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA 93 T ON S 0 Sylwia Metel, Paweł Janus, Magdalena Dyda 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC MANAGEMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND HEALTH E E EDUCATION CENTRES IN SLOVENIA 94 R O V F Aleša Kukovica, Andrea Backović Juričan I E CE O UR RANSLATION, ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY FUNCTIONAL F S OP U E’ SCALE (LEFS) FOR THE PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDIC PATIENT 95 S S TA S Nicole Perrone C IN IE A NC EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH AND MOBILITY PARAMETERS OF THE VOLLEYBALL BI E L S PLAYER‘S SHOULDER 96 IT A Y A N Claudio Morelli, Francesco Frontani D N A D D R COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A HOME-BASED TREATMENT BETWEEN APP OR T I S G L VERBAL EXPLANATION IN PATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS. A PILOT STUDY 97 N E I A T Cristina Argentieri, Francesco Frontani, Giovanni Galeoto, Gianfranco Albergo D Y ERS CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY MIMICKING A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE: A CASE REPORT AN OF AN EARLY-ONSET PARKINSON’S DISEASE DIAGNOSIS IN A MIDDLE-AGED WOMAN D S IDENTIFIED VIA HYPERHIDROSIS 98 CHOL Mirko Zitti, Alessandro Andreani, Daniele De Patre, Giorgia Pregnolato, Luisa Cacciante AR WHICH TYPES OF MOTOR CONTROL EXERCISES ARE MOST USED TO MODIFY PAIN IN THE S SHORT TERM IN PATIENTS WITH PELVIC GIRDLE PAIN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW 99 Alessandro Mantia, Mirko Zitti TESTING OF A SPECIFIC REHABILITATION PROTOCOL FOR COORDINATION OF PARKINSONIAN SUBJECTS 100 Andrea Ricci THE USE OF REMO WEARABLE FOR HAND MOTOR RECOVERY AFTER STROKE: PRELIMINARY DATA 101 Giorgia Pregnolato, Luigi Privitera, Paolo Ariano SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIARTICULAR MUSCLESKELETAL INJURIES OF THE HIP IN PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES 102 Loris Perticarini, Luca Andriollo, Francesco Benazzo EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH SARCOPENIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 103 Tine Kovačič, Miha Kovačič PREVALENCE OF SARCOPENIA IN SLOVENIAN OLDER ADULTS: COMPARISON OF CLASSIFICATION PROTOCOLS 104 Katarina Puš, Boštjan Šimunić CORRELATION BETWEEN TENSIOMYOGRAPHY AND SARCOPENIA CLASSIFICATION MEASURES 105 Boštjan Šimunić, Katarina Puš NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATION TO DISUSE – FROM SPACE TO CLINIC 106 Ramona Ritzmann FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTS OF EXERGAME-BASED COGNITIVE-MOTOR TRAINING IN THE SCOPE OF INPATIENT REHABILITATION 107 Eleftheria Giannouli 7 DUAL-TASK BALANCE ASSESSMENT UTILIZING THE OCULUS QUEST VR HEADSET DURING B I T T OOK H 'S A A BEDREST STUDY 108 E 1 O B 2 Luka Šlosar, Rado Pišot O th F A U A T P N B INTERGENERATIONAL COGNITIVE-MOTOR TRAINING: EXPLORING GAMES FOR ENHANCED S N E T U O COGNITIVE AND MOTOR FUNCTION FOR KIDS AND ELDERLY 109 R A P A L L C C Brina Vadnjal, Uroš Marušič E 2 T ON S 02 F BETA-GAMMA PHASE-AMPLITUDE COUPLING AS AN INDICATOR OF MEDICATION LEVELS 4 E : I RE IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS 110 N S NC Tisa Hodnik, Manca Peskar, Uroš Marušič, Associated Professor E E R O V F I E PHYSIOTHERAPY APPROACH OF FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR RELIEVING CE O UR SYMPTOMS OF CARPAL TUNNEL 111 F S OP Žiga Tratnik, Tadeja Hernja Rumpf U E’ S S TA SC THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE ON PAIN REDUCTION IN OFFICE WORKERS IN IE A NC WITH NON-SPECIFIC NECK PAIN – A LITERATURE REVIEW 112 BI E Larisa Šabec, Mateja Berčan L S IT A Y A ND ANALYSIS OF THE EXERCISE GUIDELINES IN PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM 113 N A D D R Kaja Poličnik, Patricija Goubar T I S G L N E THE EFFECT OF TISSUE FLOSSING ON ANKLE RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE STIFFNESS I A T D Y IN PATIENTS WITH ANKLE SPRAIN HISTORY 114 ER Fran Šlamberger, Miloš Kalc, Mitja Gerževič S AND CHRONIC LOWER BACK PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIP JOINT MOBILITY AND BILATERAL SC ASYMMETRY OF FLEXIBILITY IN PROFESSIONAL ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS 115 HOL Nika Tomšič, Živa Arko, Mitja Gerževič ARS CONSERVATIVE PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT OF INTERVERTEBRAL HERNIA IN THE LUMBAR PART OF THE SPINE 116 Alen Zorko, Tatjana Horvat SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY 119 MEDICO-SOCIAL CARE OF ELDERLY POPULATION - DEMOCRACY AT ITS BEST 121 Nenad Bogdanović VIRTUAL REALITY AND ITS USE IN CARE HOMES AND BEYOND 122 Vera Suchomelová MEASURES TO PREVENT VIOLENCE AGAINST ELDERLY RESIDENTS IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES AND INTELLECTUAL DEFICITS 123 Nataša Štandeker DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LIVE CONTACT FOR OLDER ADULTS IN NURSING HOMES: RESEARCH IN TWO NURSING HOMES IN SLOVENIA 124 Ivan Jurišić, Šefik Salkunić, Tomislav Nemec ACTIVE AGEING IN A CHANGING WORLD 125 Rosette Farrugia Bonello DIFFERENCES IN THE RESULTS OF RESIDENTS’ SATISFACTION WITHIN CARE HOMES FOR SENIORS ON ISLANDS IN THE PRIMORJE-GORSKI KOTAR COUNTY 126 Jelena Lučan IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE 127 Željka Kanižaj Rogina, Valentina Vincek THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS 128 Valentina Vincek, Marijana Neuberg, Željka Kanižaj Rogina DIFFERENCES IN EXPECTATIONS AND PREFERENCES FOR HEALTHCARE BETWEEN VETERANS AND THE BABY BOOMER GENERATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY 129 Danijela Sopić 8 ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF THE SECONDARY MEDICAL SCHOOL BJELOVAR MAJORING B I T T IN NURSE/GENERAL CARE TECHNICIAN ON EUTHANASIA 130 OOK H 'S A E 1 Željka Ostović, Ivan Pokec O B 2 O th F A U A THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL CAREGIVING ON CAREGIVERS’ SPIRITUAL HEALTH 131 T P N BS N Sabina Eberl E T U O R A P A L L C C DOES THE STRENGTH OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF AFFECT HOPE IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS? 132 E 2 T ON S 0 Ahmet Aytepe, Mehmet Efe, Fatih Sahin 2 F 4 E : I RE DIGNITY INFORMAL CARE OF ELDERLY ADULTS 133 N S NC Sabina Eberl E E R O V F I E C THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 ON RESIDENTS IN ELDERLY ADULT’S HOME IN LJUTOMER 134 E O UR Urška Kunčič F S OP U E’ NURSING STUDENTS PRESERVE THE DIGNITY OF OLDER ADULTS THROUGH A HOLISTIC S S TA SC APPROACH: LITERATURE REVIEW 135 IN IE A NC Aleksandra Ločičnik BI E L S IT A THE ROLE OF DIGITAL SOLIDARITY IN INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 136 Y A ND Mateja Buzina, Tanita Knežević N A D D RT A DIGNIFIED OLD AGE - ENERGETICALLY SECURE OLD AGE 137 I S G L N E Tanita Knežević, Mateja Buzina I A T D Y E THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN PEOPLE RS A WITH DEMENTIA AND THE ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES 138 ND Mercedes Lovrečič, Barbara Lovrečič SCHOL THE BURDEN ON INFORMAL CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA DURING A COVID-19 PANDEMIC 139 RS Mercedes Lovrečič, Barbara Lovrečič PALLIATIVE CARE OF OLDER ADULTS WITH NONCOMUNICABLE DISEASE DEMENTIA THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY 140 Suzana Koštomaj PHOTOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL DEVICES AS BASE FOR REMINISCENCE THERAPY WITH ELDERLY PEOPLE 141 Marija Pokmajević DIGNITY AND PRESERVATION OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF THE ELDERLY WITH THE HELP OF ART THERAPY - FRACTAL DRAWING 142 Mihaela Kežman THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTION OF INTERGENERATIONAL TOURISM 143 Lara Polanec, Tina Goričan, Mojca Horvat, Veronika Plankl, Mihaela Kežman INTERGENERATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE WORKPLACE 144 Aljaž Ozimič, Urška Majcenovič, Anja Hazimali, Zala Vesenjak, Jana Goriup EXPERIENCING AN INTERGENERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE THROUGH THREE GENERATIONS 145 Larisa Vesenjak, Hana Roškar, Sara Skaza, Marisa Verdev, Jana Goriup ICT USE AND DIGITAL LITERACY AMONG OLDER ADULTS THE IMPORTANCE OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING 146 Voyko Kavcic, Peter Seljak, Barbara Grintal ICT USE AND DIGITAL LITERACY AMONG OLDER ADULTS AN IN-DEPTH QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 147 Barbara Grintal, Peter Seljak, Voyko Kavcic SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 149 PLANNING SMART SILVER VILLAGES AS AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES IN EUROPEAN RURAL AREAS 151 David Bogataj 9 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF RURAL AREAS 152 B I T T OOK H 'S A Marija Bogataj E 1 O B 2 O PERCEPTION OF RESIDENT OF OLD AND NEW NEIGHBOURHOODS REGARDING th F A U A T P N B SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 153 S N E T U O Visar Emerllahu, David Bogataj R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON HOW TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR MEASURING SOCIAL VALUE OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS S 02 F IN LONG-TERM CARE – THE CASE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY (REINTEGRATION IN COMMUNITY) 154 4 E : I RE Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel, Marija Bogataj N S NC E E R O CASH FLOW GENERATED BY SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF RURAL AREAS 155 V F I E Valerija Rogelj CE O URF SOP DESIGNING LIVING ENVIRONMENTS FOR OLDER ADULTS: DOES THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK U E’ CONTRIBUTE TO APPROPRIATE QUALITY? 156 S S TA SC Vesna Žegarac Leskovar, Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović, Dušan Ignjatović, Nataša Šprah, IN IE A NC Novak Đukić, Vanja Skalicky Klemenčič BI E L S IT A Y A N MEDICINE 159 D N A D D RT THE EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF NEUROMODULATION IN TREATING NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS 161 I S G L N E Tadej Strojnik I A T D Y ER NEUROSURGICAL VIEW ON THE EUTHANASIA 162 S A Vinko V. Dolenc ND S THE EFFECTS OF CANNABINOIDS ON GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS 163 CHOL Tamara Lah Turnšek, Metka Novak, Barbara Breznik, Bernarda Majc, Andrej Porčnik, A Roman Bošnjak, Jernej Mlakar RS MYTHS & REALITIES ABOUT THE BASAL GANGLIA 164 Zvezdan Pirtošek DBS IN UNRESPONSIVENESS WAKEFULNESS SYNDROME - ETHICAL ISSUES 165 Darko Chudy EFFECTS OF VIRTUAL REALITY TRAINING ON THE MOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE UPPER LIMB IN PATIENTS AFTER EARLY STROKE - PRELIMINARY RESULTS 166 Tadeja Hernja Rumpf HEALTH SCIENCES 169 POSSIBILITIES OF USING ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS IN THE NURSING CARE OF THE ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES 171 Nataša Štandeker NURSING HOME CARE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 172 Zamira Shabani, Arketa Guli THE ROLE OF REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION 173 Milda Gintiliene, Daiva Baltaduoniene, Auste Gintilaite SPIRITUAL WOUNDS 174 Suzana Vuletić, Štefica Mikšić, Brankica Juranić, Metka Lipič Baligač CASE REPORT OF A PATIENT SUFFERING FROM ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA - MONITORING OUTCOMES, HEALTH CARE AND COURSE OF TREATMENT 175 Ivan Pokec, Željka Ostović OPENING OUR EYES TO THE IMPLICIT BIAS IN NURSING 176 Helena Kristina Halbwachs 10 ASSESSMENT OF NURSING CARE PROVIDERS ON THE QUALITY OF NUTRITION OF OLDER B I T T ADULTS IN A HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT 177 OOK H 'S A E 1 Jerneja Raduha, Boris Miha Kaučič O B 2 O th F A U A THE APPLICATION OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IN THE ANALYSIS OF BODY COMPOSITION T P N BS N IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS 178 E T U O R A P Nikolina Zaplatić Degač A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 PUSH AND PULL FACTORS FOR GOING TO WORK ABROAD AMONG MEDICAL STAFF: 2 F 4 E RESEARCH ON STUDENT NURSES IN CROATIA 179 : I RE N S NC Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac, Danijel Bursać, Marijan Vinogradac E E R O V EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEONATES ADMITTED TO GENERAL HOSPITAL PULA F I E CE O U WITH NEONATAL JAUNDICE 180 R F S OP Kristina Mržljak, Mladen Jašić U E’ S S TA S NURSES’ ROLE IN PROVIDING QUALITATIVE AND EFFECTIVE HEALTH CARE SERVICES. C IN I AN EVALUATION OF HOSPITAL NURSING SERVICES BASED ON QUALITY AND SAFETY E A NC B HOSPITAL STANDARDS 181 I E L S I Rozarta Nezaj, Admir Nake, Mirela Cela T A Y A NDN A EYE BIOMETRY OF HEALTHY ADULT PREPRESBYOPIC PEOPLE IN ZAGREB, CROATIA 182 D D RT Štefanija Kolačko, Martina Hrvačić, Jurica Predović I S G L N E I A VIRTUAL STANDARDS OF BEAUTY: HOW SOCIAL MEDIA AND TELEVISION SHAPE DECISIONS T D Y E ABOUT AESTHETIC PROCEDURES 183 RS A Anthony Ban, Branka Ličanin ND S BRAIN INFORMATION PROCESSING ANALYSIS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS 184 CHOL Han Yiyuan, Payam Norouzzadeh, Eli Snir, Bahareh Rahmani AR BOOSTING CHILDREN’S MOTOR-COGNITIVE SKILLS IN AN ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT: S AN ANALYSIS OF BRAIN PROJECT WORKSHOPS AND SPORT CAMPS FOR AGES 3-10 185 Luka Šlosar, Paraskevas Alvanos, Konstantinos Chatzinikolaou EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WHO UNDERWENT THE OBSERVATIONAL PROTOCOL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM (ADOS-2) AT THE ORTHOPEDIC AND REHABILITATION HOSPITAL “MARTIN HORVAT” ROVINJ-ROVIGNO, CROATIA 186 Mladen Jašić, Renata Peharec, Dina Dežmar, Ivana Frančula Modrčin, Marinko Rade CRITICAL THINKING, CLINICAL REASONING AND DECISION MAKING 187 Peter Kamničar HEAD INJURIES IN THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOL IN THE BLOOD IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT 188 Ksenija Zbičajnik ANALYSIS AND CORRELATION OF WORK LOCUS OF CONTROL AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 189 Marija Arapović, Anica Kuzmić, Nikolina Zaplatić Degač, Vesna Hodić THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME AND THE USE OF NON-INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION 190 Darja Šparakl, Šefik Salkunić, Lecturer HUMANITIES 193 THE NEW EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND OUR FUTURE 195 Andraž Ivšek HOW TO CREATE A MORE SUSTAINABLE MACRO-ECONOMIC CONCEPT FOR THE FUTURE EUROPEAN SOCIETIES – AN INSPIRATION FROM THE RENAISSANCE 196 Janez Potočnik, QUALITY-LED GROWTH, LIBERAL EDUCATION, AND THE ‚NEW CLASS‘ 197 Teun J. Dekker 11 TOPIC: LANGUAGE, GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURAL LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY 198 B I T T OOK H 'S A Albana Tahiri, Besnik Rama E 1 O B 2 O THE ALBANIAN VALUE SYSTEM, THEIR APPROACH TO DEMOCRATIC VALUES AND th F A U A T P N B THE ROLE OF JUSTICE 199 S N E T U O Adriana Anxhaku, Klara Sula R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON STRENGTHENING CYBERSECURITY IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: THE ROLE OF THE S 02 F WESTERN BALKANS CYBER CAPACITY CENTRE (WB3C) 200 4 E : I RE Tal Pavel N S NC E E R O THE EVOLUTION OF THE JOURNEY METAPHOR IN ALBANIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSES V F I E ON EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 201 CE O UR Ledia Kazazi F S OP U E’ JOSEPH OF EGYPT: QUEER ELEMENTS OF PATRIARCH’S NARRATIVE 202 S S TA SC Ignac Navernik IN IE A NC B AN ANALYSIS OF B. MALAMUD’S PROSE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF I. KANT’S I E L S IT A MORAL PHILOSOPHY 203 Y A ND Shpetim Madani N A D D RT CHALLENGES OF WOMEN REFUGEES IN MALAYSIA: MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES 204 I S G L N E Suhaini Muda, Laila Suriya Ahmad Apandi, Nur Syakiran Akmal Ismail, I A T D Y Norhafezah Yusof, Norsuhaily Abu Bakar ERS A THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN THE CODIFICATION ND AND PROMULGATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF FRIENDLY RELATIONS AMONG STATES 205 SC Uroš Popadić HOL AR CULTURAL FORMATIONS 207 S FILM: SUBVERSION OF LIGHT AND SOUND 209 Uroš Zavodnik SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY IN THE FACE OF THE DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE 210 Anja Hellmuth Kramberger BERCHTESGADEN IN THE SHADOW OF A DARK HERITAGE: REMNANTS OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM THROUGH FIELDWORK 211 Daniel Siter MUSEUMS AND THE DIGNITY OF HUMAN REMAINS: THE CASE OF THE SMELL OF MUSEUM OBJECTS 212 Mojca Ramšak HUMAN REMAINS, SUBJECT OR OBJECT? ETHICAL ISSUES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND MUSEUM PRESENTATION OF HUMAN REMAINS 213 Verena Perko DOES ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE CONVEY ETHICAL VALUES? 214 Jelka Pirkovič BETWEEN THE “CURSE OF THE PHARAOH” AND INDIANA JONES - ON THE PROBLEM OF AN ADEQUATE REPRESENTATION OF ARCHEOLOGY IN POP CULTURE AND MEDIA 215 Anja Hellmuth Kramberger THE CHALLENGES OF LONG-TERM PRESERVATION OF HUMAN REMAINS IN MUSEUMS 216 Maša Saccara THE ETHICAL HANDLING OF HUMAN REMAINS IN MUSEUMS AND OSTEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS 217 Barbara Teßmann 12 LAW 219 B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ENERGY ISSUES BEFORE HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS 221 O B 2 O th F Gábor Kecskés A U A T P N BS N E ENERGY POVERTY, GREEN TRANSITION AND BASIC VALUES IN SLOVENIAN CULTURE 222 T U O R A P A L Luka Martin Tomažič L C C E 2 T ON S 0 RISING LEVEL OF POVERTY AS THE MAIN OUTCOMES OF THE GERMANY ENERGY CRISIS? 223 2 F 4 E : I R Rigels Lenja E N S NC E E THE EMERGING ROLE OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEMPORARY LEGAL SYSTEMS: R O V F A CASE STUDY FROM HUNGARY 224 I E CE O U Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz, Kitti Mezei R F S OP U E’ LEGAL COVERAGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD 225 S S TA S Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth, Kitti Mezei, Dorottya Deáki C IN IE A NC CERTAINTY IN LAW AND THE ARGUMENTS OF OTHER DISCIPLINES 226 BI E L S Viktor Olivér Lorincz IT A Y A ND NATURAL SCIENCE ARGUMENTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 227 N A D D R Nora Bán-Forgács T I S G L N E IT IS NOT (PRIMARILY) ABOUT CONTROLLING TECHNOLOGY, NOT EVEN ABOUT I A T D Y E CONTROLLING ITS OWNERS – IT IS ABOUT (RE-)GAINING BEING HUMAN 228 RS Peter Herrmann AND SDGS AT HALFTIME – LESSONS LEARNT AND THE WAY AHEAD 229 SCHOL Gábor Kecskés ARS POLITICAL SCIENCE 231 Mark Franklin 233 COMMENTS ON MARK FRANKLIN’S PAPER 234 Cees van der Eijk COMMENTS ON MARK FRANKLIN’S ESSAY AND ANALYSIS 235 Christopher Wlezien REFLECTIONS ON THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM ROUND TABLE 236 Wouter van der Brug FROM TURNOUT TO VOTE CHOICE AND BACK TO TURNOUT: REFLECTIONS ON MARK FRANKLIN‘S DYNAMIC FEEDBACK LOOP MODEL 237 Elias Dinas ARCHIVAL SCIENCES 9th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHIVISTS 239 THE RIGHT TO BE REMEMBERED: FROM A LEGALISTIC TO A HUMANITARIAN PERSPECTIVE 241 Charles Farrugia, Rosette Farrugia Bonello CONTENT CHALLENGES IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF DOCUMENTARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL 242 Dimitrij Reja DEMOCRATIC BY DESIGN: LEVERAGING ENHANCED ACCESS TO ARCHIVES VIA 3D MODELING TECHNOLOGY AT THE FASHION INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY-STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK (USA) 243 Karen Trivette SPEAKERS WHO ALSO PRESENTEDCONTRIBUTIONS AT THE 9th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHIVISTS 244 WELCOME ADRESSES Luciana Duranti, Erik Ketelaar 244 13 TOWARD ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DIGITAL PRESERVATION 244 B I T T OOK H 'S A Erik Ketelaar E 1 O B 2 O ISO 9001 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN ARCHIVES 244 th F A U A T P N B Dieter Schlenker S N E T U O R A P A SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY IN ARCHIVAL SCIENCE 244 L L C C E 2 T ON Peter Pavel Klasinc S 02 F4E CHALLENGES AND PITFALLS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHIVAL THEORY AND PRACTICE : I RE N S NC IN THE AGE OF APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 244 E E R O Miroslav Novak V F I E CE O U DIGITIZING ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS: INCREASING ACCESS OR PROTECTING PRIVACY R F S OP AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 245 U E’ Zdenka Semlič Rajh S S TA SC IN IE THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONS ON CERTAIN SEGMENTS OF WORK IN ARCHIVES 245 A NC B Mojca Horvat I E L S IT A Y A N THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR FOR THE SUCCESSFUL OPERATION OF D N A A PUBLIC AUTHORITY THROUGH THEIR COMPETENCES AND SKILLS 245 D D RT Tanja Ribnikar I S G L N E I A ARCHIVAL RECORDS RISKS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT BY SLOVENIAN CREATORS 245 T D Y E Iva Katarina Rimele RS AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTIONS (YOUTUBE) 245 D S Luka Hribar CHOL A DANCE ART 247 RS COPPÉLIAŚ BOOK: DELIBERATION, TRUTH, TRUST & HOPE 249 Tatjana Christelbauer, Alice Siu THE BALLET PERFORMANCE BETWEEN TRADITION AND INNOVATION 250 Simona Somacescu CLASSICAL BALLET AS SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS 251 Simona Noja-Nebyla THE FUTURE OF DANCE-CROSSING SOCIAL BORDERS 252 Yoriko Maeno THE CHALLENGES OF BALLET EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY 253 Ana Germ IMPORTANT EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING DANCE ART 254 Jerneja Omahen Razpotnik FLAMENCO DANCE IMPROVISATION: AN EXPANDED PERSPECTIVE 255 Juan Carlos Lérida FORMING AN INDIVIDUAL PATH WITH TRACES OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE 256 Johanna Rebecca Greiner CONTEMPORANEITY IN FLAMENCO DANCE 257 María de los Ángeles Cenizo Salvago THE EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSAL BODY OF FLAMENCO IN A ROOM OF ONE’S OWN 258 Ana Pandur SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 261 HARNESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PLANET: BLOCKCHAIN AND AI AS CATALYSTS FOR SUSTAINABLE CHANGE 263 Pan Theo Grosse-Ruyken, Ágúst Berg Arnarsson 14 HARMONIZING HUMANITY AND INDUSTRY: ORCHESTRATING INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION B I T T FOR SUSTAINABLE PROSPERITY 264 OOK H 'S A E 1 Maja-Marija Nahod O B 2 O th F A U A STARTUPS AS AN INNOVATIVE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP 265 T P N BS N Veronika Tóthová, Milan Fila E T U O R A P A L L C C ALTERNATIVE MEDIA AS AN AWARENESS-RAISING TOOL FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE: E 2 T ON S 0 A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF “IKLIMHABER.ORG” 266 2 F 4 E Nur Emine Koc, Aysegül Akaydin Aydin : I RE N S NC PRESENTING THE SUSTAINABILITY MODEL OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: E E R O V A META-SYNTHESIS APPROACH 267 F I E CE O U Mohammad Roozbeh, Hossein Safari, Mohsen Moradi-Moghadam, Mohammad Mahoud R F S OP SUSTAINABLE GRAPHIC DESIGN IN THE CASE OF WORKING WITH THE URBAN IMAGES 268 U E’ S S TA S Melita Rozman Cafuta, Daria Mustić C IN IE A NC SUSTAINABLE FLOODS DISASTER RECOVERY 269 BI E L Franc Vidic S IT A Y A ND CLIL ROBOTICS - A PROGRAM TO PROMOTE ROBOTICS AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS 270 N A D D R Gerald Hühner T I S G L N E WHO AM I? AN EXAMINATION OF GIG EMPLOYMENT STATUS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE I A T D Y OF E-HAILING DRIVERS IN MALAYSIA 271 ER Laila Suriya Ahmad Apandi, Mohd Dino Khairri Shariffuddin, Salwani Arbak S AND FUNDAMENTAL MODELING FOR SUSTAINABLE SYNGAS PRODUCTION THROUGH SC WASTE GASIFICATION 272 HOL Marko Šetinc ARS WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND IS IT ACHIEVABLE? 273 Laurence Hewick THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY AS THE CONSCIENCE OF THE WORLD: A CONSTRUCTIVIST ANALYSIS 274 Uroš Popadić SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PLANNING TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF LOCAL RESIDENTS 275 Urška Starc Peceny, Petra Škodlar, Vesna Kobal, Katarina Ceglar THE CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS IN CROSS-FUNCTIONAL COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE PMO AND SMO TO EFFECTIVELY ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS 276 Mario Protulipac WEB AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 279 TOWARDS TRUSTWORTHY AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS FOR A SAFER SOCIETY: REFERENCE TAXONOMY AND DIGITAL TWINS 281 Francesco Flammini EMPOWERING ACADEMIC FUTURES: BLOCKCHAIN-BACKED DIGITAL CREDENTIALING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 282 Mirjana Ivanuša, Tony Lenko PROMOTING HUMAN DIGNITY AND LEARNING SUSTAINABILITY WITH SUPPORT OF WEB3D RESOURCES: A USE CASE 283 Jorge Ferreira Franco ENHANCING CYBERSECURITY COLLABORATION AMONG WESTERN BALKANS SIX (WB6) THROUGH COMMON POLICIES, STANDARDS, AND JOINT INITIATIVES 284 Igli Tafa 15 STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT 287 B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 THE INFLUENCE OF FACEBOOK ON CHANGES IN HUMAN COMMUNICATION IN THE FIELD O th F A U A OF EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 289 T P N BS N E Božidar Veljković, Tihana Đumić T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN INFLUENCING VOTER BEHAVIOR 290 T ON S 0 Radoslav Baltezarević 2 F 4 E : I RE N S CONSULTATION WITH THE PUBLIC DURING THE ADOPTION OF LAWS IN THE FIELD OF NC E E ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 291 R O V F Irena Klepac Mustać I E CE O UR SUSTAINABILITY IN FOCUS: SUSTAINABILITY COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF F S OP U E’ OTP BANK D.D. CROATIA 292 S S TA S Manuela Bukovec C IN IE A NC PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE COP28 CONFERENCE IN DUBAI 293 BI E L S Ivana Belić IT A Y A ND HOW DOES GEN Z PERCEIVE SUSTAINABLE FASHION? ATTITUDES OF CROATIAN STUDENTS N A D D R TOWARDS THE GREEN H&M CAMPAIGN 294 T I S G L Ema Petrušić, Tanja Grmuša N E I A T D Y THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS ON THE PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF ERS INTERNAL COMMUNICATION IN A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION: THE PERSPECTIVE AN OF TEAM MEMBERS AND LEADERS 295 D S Rebeka Radovanović, Tanja Grmuša CHOL COMMUNICATION OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS WITH PATIENTS IN THE AR “POST-COVID” PERIOD RELATED TO REGULAR MEDICATION INTAKE 296 S Dubravka Jakšetić, DEMOCRACY IN THE DIGITAL ERA: CROATIAN ATTITUDES TOWARD VOTING MECHANISMS 297 Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac, Biljana Cerin, Damir Vanđelić, Antonio Prišćan FREEDOM AND ETHICS: BASIC POSTULATES OF RELIGIOUS CREATION 298 Zdravko Šorđan THE DIVERSIFICATION OF STRATEGIES IN CONFRONTING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR: AN INTELLIGENCE MILITARY ANALYSIS IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 299 Stefano Turini INFORMATION QUALITY AS A MANIFESTATION OF CONCERN FOR HUMAN DIGNITY 300 Kinga Machowicz HEALTH NAVIGATION: STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN ISTRIAN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS 301 Anthony Ban, Branka Ličanin MANAGEMENT 303 ORGANISATIONAL COMPETENCE IN MANAGING PROJECT PORTFOLIOS BASED ON SUSTAINABILITY 305 Oxana Klimenko PEOPLE MANAGEMENT WITH AN EMPHASIS ON RECRUITING EMPLOYEES IN THE POST-COVID ERA IN THE CATERING SECTOR: CASE STUDY CZECHIA AND SLOVAKIA 306 Renata Ježkova, Tatek Beneti 16 HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH 309 B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 MEDICAL CANNABIS (CANNABIS SATIVA) AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF MELANOMA? 311 O B 2 O th F Nuša Ačko A U A T P N BS N E REVIEW OF THE NEUTRALISING PROPERTIES AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUGS AND FOOD T U O R A P A L SUPPLEMENTS FOR NEUTRALISING GASTRIC ACID 312 L C C E 2 T ON S Vid Koren, Ana Potočnik 02 F 4 E : I R CORRELATION BETWEEN REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM 313 E N S NC Žiga Gaal E E R O V F ASSESSING ALTERNATIVE ELECTORAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN I E CE O U REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA 314 R F S OP Borja Ranzinger U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD D , RT I S G L N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 17 INVITED TALKS OF THE CONFERENCE B I T T FOREWORD OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L L Ludvik Toplak, Rector of Alma Mater Europaea C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IRE The 12th Annual Conference of Europe‘s Sciences and Arts Leaders and Scholars, ‚It‘s About Peo-N S NC E E ple 2024: In Service of Sustainability and Dignity,‘ organized by University Alma Mater Europaea in R O V F co-organization with the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, took place in one of the most I E CE O UR turbulent periods of the last hundred years. F S OP U E’ This year‘s conference‘s message was about society‘s current challenges in the interconnectedness S S TA S of valuing humanity at a time when the world is faced with various forms of rebarbarization. The C IN IE conference was dedicated to academic research and technological progress for the needs of society A NC BI E in valuing humanity, having a platform for interdisciplinary dialogue and a new renaissance, con-L S IT A Y A serving natural resources, and considering demographic changes. Key aspects include intergenera-ND N A tional equality, the sustainable use of resources, and meeting development needs. D D RTIS Special thanks go to the Vice-President of the European Commission for Democracy and Demogra-G L N E phy, Dubravka Šuica, who opened the event with a highly acclaimed honorary speech; the President I A T D Y E of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Professor Dr Klaus Mainzer, for co-organizing the con-RS A ference and for chairing the program committee and keynote speech, and to the honorary President ND of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Professor Dr Felix Unger. SCHOL I am grateful to the former President of Slovenia, Borut Pahor, for his cooperation and inspiring address, as well as the Former Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union, Profes-ARS sor of European Law, Verica Trstenjak. Ludvik Toplak and Borut Pahor Photo: Marko Pigac 20 I want to thank the chairman of the organizing committee, Professor Dr Jurij Toplak, and expert staff B I T T for organizing the conference. OOK H 'S A E 1 Keynote speaker Professor Dr Klaus Mainzer, who was awarded an honorary doctorate for outstand-O B 2 O th F A U A ing achievements in philosophy, science, and essential academic and organizational contributions T P N BS N to the development of Alma Mater Europaea – ECM at a special ceremony during the plenary session, E T U O R A P A L delivered the framework with a topic ‚A New Renaissance for Europe‘ and opened new dimensions L C C E 2 T ON expressing the need for a dignified future. S 02 F4E Distinguished scholars and intellectuals Dr Richard James Overy, Professor at the University of Ex- : I RE N S NC eter, Dr Andrew Sumner, Professor at King‘s College London, Luciana Duranti, Emeritus Professor E E R O at the University of British Columbia, Dr Ioannis Liritzis, Dean of Natural Sciences at the European V F I E C Academy of Sciences and Arts and Professor at Henan University, Dr Dany Bahar, Professor at Brown E O UR University and Senior Research Fellow at Harvard University presented the scientific achievements F S OP U E’ of world-renowned universities following the fundamental principles of Alma Mater Europaea – S S TA S transnationality, interdisciplinarity, and building bridges. C IN IE A NC The conference program featured more than 60 sections. We managed to gather over 250 authors BI E L S from more than 30 countries. Among them were academics from the most prominent universities, IT A Y A N such as Harvard, Stanford, University College London, King‘s College London, the University of British D N A D D Columbia, ETH Zurich, and others. They presented diverse academic perspectives, knowledge, and RT I S innovations. There were more than 2500 listeners on the conference‘s first day, which is annually G L N E I A growing, confirming the necessity of such important academic events and Alma Mater Europaea‘s T D Y E core role in it. RS A The task of science is to provide answers to new challenges, thus preventing threatening contra-ND S dictions and developing values and technologies in the education system to ensure peace and CHOL well-being in society. ARS Barbara Toplak Perovič, Dubravka Šuica, Ludvik Toplak and Jurij Toplak Photo: Marko Pigac 21 Alma Mater Europaea, in March 2024, became a full university with all academic disciplines at the B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 bachelor and master levels and doctoral degree, and in all disciplines according to the Frascati and O B 2 Classics classification. Alma Mater Europaea – ECM has strengthened its position in Slovenia and has O th F A U A joined world-renowned academic institutions globally. It is also developing into a centre of excel-T P N BS N E T U lence for Slovenia and the wider Central European area. O R A P A L L C C E 2 ‚It‘s About People 2024: In Service of Sustainability and Dignity‘ drew attention to the challenges of T ON S 0 our time, with an appeal to opinion makers and decision-makers to implement knowledge in the 2 F 4 E : I R light of the European humanistic tradition and contribute to the consolidation of peace and well-be-E N S NC ing based on European values and human rights, as the conference declared in the resolution. E E R O V F Finally, I sincerely thank everyone who contributed to this year‘s conference and cordially invite es-I E CE O U teemed colleagues and the international academic public to initiate and participate in the 13th It‘s R F S OP About People conference, which will be held in March 2025. U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 22 B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O V F I E CE O URF SOPUE’SSTA SCINIEANCBIELSIT AY ANDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 23 B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O V F I E CE O URF SOPUE’SSTA SCINIEANCBIELSIT AY ANDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 24 B I T T WELCOME ADDRESSES OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P Jurij Toplak, University Professor A L L C C E 2 T ON Alma Mater Europaea ECM, Fordham University S 02 F President of the Organisational Committee of the It’s About People Conference 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Welcome to It‘s About People 2024 R O V F I E C Dear Esteemed Participants, E O UR F S OP it is with immense pleasure and anticipation that I extend a warm welcome to each of you to the U E’ S S 12th Annual Conference of Europe’s Sciences and Arts Leaders and Scholars, „It‘s About People TA SC I 2024“. Hosted by Alma Mater Europaea and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, this gather-N IE A NC B ing serves as a beacon of intellectual discourse and collaboration in our shared pursuit of advancing I E L S I knowledge and fostering positive change in Europe. T A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS Jurij Toplak Photo: Marko Pigac Our theme this year, „In Service of Sustainability and Dignity“, resonates deeply with the pressing challenges facing our world today. Over the course of this conference, esteemed speakers including loannis Liritzis, Andy Sumner, Dany Bahar, Tatiana Christelbauer, Michael Marsh, Alice Siu, Mark Franklin and many others will lead discussions on critical topics such as Education and Mental Health, Neuroscience of Movement, Voter Turnout and the Future of European University Alliances. These sessions promise to offer profound insights and opportunities for engagement. We are honored to have Vice President of the European Commission Dubravka Šuica, and Prof. Dr. Klaus Mainzer and Prof. Dr. Felix Unger, the President and Honorary President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts among our distinguished speakers. The partnership between Alma Mater Europaea and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts stands as a testament to the power of international collaboration in education and research. 25 As we convene in both virtual and physical spaces, I invite each of you to actively participate in the B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 rich tapestry of discussions, workshops, and networking opportunities that this conference offers. O B 2 Together, let us explore innovative solutions, forge lasting connections, and inspire one another to O th F A U A strive for excellence in all our endeavors. T P N BS N E T U O For further details on conference logistics and submission guidelines, please visit our website where R A P A L L C C E 2 you can access live stream links and submit abstracts free of charge. T ON S 02 F Once again, welcome to It‘s About People 2024. May our time together be marked by intellectual 4 E : I RE curiosity and meaningful contributions to the advancement of knowledge. N S NC E E R O V F I E Warm regards, CE O UR Professor Dr Jurij Toplak F S OP U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 26 Felix Unger, University Professor B I T T OOK H Honorary President, European Academy of Sciences and Arts 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Good morning. Ladies and gentlemen, Excellency, it gives me great pleasure to welcome you again, and T P N BS N E I have to confess how the whole Alma Mater Europaea is growing. Especially we have a good branch T U O R A P A L here in Slovenia, and this was based on the efforts of Ludvik Toplak. Dear Ludvik, I have to thank you and L C C E 2 T ON S congratulate you for what you have done over the years. What you have done is a remarkable example 02 F 4 E of a private initiative in energy, which can lead to a good result. We need such people, organizations, and : I RE N S NC events everywhere in our society. We also need it in the church to have such a stimulus going on. E E R O V F I E CE O URF SOPUE’SSTA SCINIEANCBIELSIT AY ANDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS Felix Unger Photo: Marko Pigac Ladies and gentlemen, I will be short. What he has done, is great. With great pleasure, I have been coming to Maribor all the years to see the whole idea of Alma Mater Europaea growing. It is fantastic to see the whole progress, and our humanity does not stay still; it has no stops. It is a further development. We should be a participant in the development of society as a whole. Moreover, every man can contribute to the evolution of this whole idea. Even with the European idea. When we have our election to the European Parliament in a few weeks, it is important to contribute and give the vote to the European Parliament. It is not too good that this is a new way of designing and constructing our society. There are so many things left. I am always disappointed when the idea is scrutinized with wars and said it is too big walls and the borders in Ukraine and Israel, and how difficult it is to prevent those wars. Ladies and gentlemen, we all in the room can contribute to the whole European idea. It simply is that you have to tell your neighbour a spiritual message and stimulate him about how important European ideas are. This was also the idea why we founded the Academy and, later on, the Alma Mater Europaea to spread this idea. To help this idea come to a new fruitful result. Ladies and gentlemen, I have to congratulate Professor Toplak and his team, Jurij Toplak and all these people who helped him. I think it will be a very exciting new way of collaboration and a new way stimulating the European idea. Thank you very much. It was a great pleasure coming to Maribor. 27 B I T T HONORARY ADDRESS OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L L Dubravka Šuica, European Commission Vice-President for Democracy and Demography C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IRE It is my pleasure to join you today for the 12th Annual Conference of Europe’s Sciences and Arts Lead-N S NC E E ers and Scholars. This is a world-class Conference that Alma Mater Europaea is known for. Indeed, my R O V F portfolio links very well to your regular conference theme: “It’s about people”. Because in the roots I E CE O UR of democracy and demography, you find the word demos – meaning people! In my work as Euro-F S OP pean Commission Vice-President, we keep citizens at the very heart of everything that we do! And U E’ S S these days, we are doing it increasingly with them! We seek to underpin and support all Member TA SC IN I States when it comes to their democracy, prosperity and security. E A NC BI E I am especially honoured to be with you and to avail of this opportunity to look together at a future L S IT A Y A where demographic knowledge and policymaking can help us all face the challenges and opportu-ND N A nities that lie ahead! The thinking around demographic challenges and trends has evolved signifi-D D RT cantly since the beginning of this Commission mandate. Demographic change matters, and it matI S G L N E ters a lot! President von der Leyen has ensured it remains high on the political agenda. Our leaders I A T D Y in the European Council agree with her on this point. Our leaders are grasping the importance of ERS addressing demographic change today! Before it is too late! I welcome this because it helps us avoid AN mistakes we have previously committed. When we failed to react in time to climate change, which D S is why it is now more complicated to manage the transition. Here, we can take the lead and move CHOL forward before it becomes too late! ARS Dubravka Šuica Photo: Marko Pigac The European Commission’s work on demography links to the guiding themes of your conference. Your event looks at how we can understand, respond and prepare policymaking in the context of overcoming crises. First to understanding! Data-driven evidence on populations is vital to understanding 28 our democracy, the economy, and society as a whole. Given the current geopolitical context, data-driv-B I T T en evidence on demographic change is crucial to addressing the impact of crises. Whatever form a OOK H 'S A E 1 crisis may take! While some may find the data alarming, I consider it a call to action. Our two reports on O B 2 O th F the impact of demographic change have helped to make the case for this approach. A U A T P N BS N With my colleague Commissioners, we endeavour to streamline demographic change into our pol-E T U O R A P A L icymaking right across the board. In April 2021, the Commission launched the Atlas of DemograL C C E 2 T ON phy. It is an interactive knowledge management tool that enables policy-makers and citizens to S 02 F observe, monitor and anticipate demographic challenges with an unprecedented body of data. We 4 E : I RE N S NC have made it available to all. What is very useful about this tool is that you can truly zoom into the E E data on the ground. Right into the municipal level. As a former mayor, I understand how all politics R O V F I E is local, so it is important to have access to this information. CE O UR Ladies and gentlemen, F S OP U E’ The demographic mega-trend of ageing is sweeping across our continent and many other parts of S S TA SC the world. This is an opportunity to shift the narrative from an ageing society to a longevity society. IN IE A NC Ageing suggests a burden, while longevity inspires hope and opportunity. My main message to you BI E L S today is the urgent need to make our population and our democratic institutions longevity literate. IT A Y A N This is not a message just for older people. Life plans! Education and life-long learning! The meaning D N A D D of retirement and pensions! These are all affected by longer life expectancy. So this is a message for RT I S young people too! In fact, it is especially for them. Indeed, for all generations! G L N E I A T As we look to the future, more energy must be devoted to caring for all generations, especially the D Y ER elderly. Is AI going to be helpful in this respect? To what extent? How will telemedicine deliver? Can S A we deliver the benefits of the silver economy? The good news is that we live longer and healthi-ND S er lives than ever. Having so many generations alive at the same time is a unique achievement in CHOL human history. We must learn to harness that potential to build a better future for all generations. A Moreover, it is crucial to highlight that if demographic challenges are left unaddressed, this can po-RS tentially make crises worse. As part of our response, it is vital that we provide stability and reassurance and demonstrate the ability of democracy to deliver for citizens, especially given the upcoming European elections. And I believe these elections will be fought on the basis of trust—trust in democracy‘s ability to truly deliver what citizens need, where they need it! Citizens must be able to trust and have confidence in the democratic institutions designed to serve them. This is a very important reflection this year, given the many elections worldwide! We came out recently with a Defence of Democracy Package. It guides our efforts to enhance the resilience of our democracies. The proposed Directive on transparency of interest representation aims to establish harmonised rules to ensure transparency and accountability, particularly in the face of foreign influence. Part of that package was a recommendation aimed at enhancing the participation of citizens and civil society in policymaking across all levels of governance and across all generations. This initiative reflects our dedication to strengthening the quality and resilience of our democracies, fostering accountability in public decision-making, and promoting a thriving civic space. These are all essential for meaningful participation. We are also continuing to embed citizen engagement in our policymaking. We are currently running a European Citizen Panel on Energy Efficiency, which is attracting a lot of interest. And we already have another panel on hatred planned for April. These democratic innovations are essential for bridging the perceived gap between citizens and the democratic institutions designed to serve them! Of course, this increasing engagement with citizens helps to strengthen our representative democracy. It is not designed to replace it! For example, I was a co-chair at the Conference on the Future of Europe. This is the largest exercise in deliberative democracy the world has ever seen! If you read the 49 proposals that came out of the deliberations, you will see that demography was mentioned there! Citizens demanded action on it. This is part of the story behind why we came forward with a toolbox last October. We came forward with a toolbox that is place-based and can help Member States address demographic change at all levels of governance. This was delivered upon the request of Member States at the European Council in June. This shows that both citizens and elected representatives are helping to push forward the policy agenda around 29 demography. Before it is too late! The toolbox is not a “one-size-fits-all”-solution. It recognises that B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 regional and local circumstances differ. Its four pillars empower and support parents, younger genO B 2 erations and older generations, as well as the opportunities offered by legal migration. The toolbox O th F A U A offers measures and solutions rather than imposing them. T P N BS N E T U O Ladies and gentlemen, R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Ignoring the impact of demographic changes on our democracy, society, and economy may lead to S 02 F an uncertain future. But this is completely avoidable! The consequences of an ageing population, 4 E : I RE low birth rates, and migration need to be anticipated and addressed through informed policymak-N S NC ing. Inaction in the face of these demographic shifts could strain social systems, challenge labour E E R O V F markets, and create economic vulnerabilities. I E CE O UR It is imperative that we recognise that demographic factors are affecting broader crises. If we do F S OP that, we can respond proactively and productively. By doing so, we can build democratic resilience U E’ S S TA S from within, promote social cohesion, and ensure prosperity, security and a sustainable and inclu-C IN IE sive future for all. A NC BI E Thank you. L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 30 B I T T KEYNOTE SPEAKER OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A A NEW RENAISSANCE FOR EUROPE: CHALLENGES L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 OF SCIENCE, ARTS, AND INNOVATION IN THE SPIRIT 2 F 4 E : I RE OF EUROPEAN HUMANISM N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Klaus Mainzer, University Professor R F S OP President, European Academy of Sciences and Arts U E’ S S President of the Scientific Committee of the It’s About People Conference TA SC IN IE A NC BI E In the age of globalization, economic growth and the welfare of nations decisively depend on ba-L S IT A Y A sic innovations. Therefore, education and knowledge are important advantages of competition in ND N A highly developed countries with high standards of salaries but raw material shortages. In the 21st D D RT century, innovations will arise from problem-oriented research, crossing over traditional faculties I S G L N E and disciplines. Therefore, we need platforms of interdisciplinary dialogue to choose transdisci-I A T D Y plinary problems (e.g., environment, energy, information, AI, health, welfare) and to cluster new ERS portfolios of innovations. The integration of natural and engineering sciences with arts and human-AN ities can only be realized if the research training programs (e.g., graduate schools) generate a conD S siderable added value in terms of multidisciplinary experience, international networking, scientific CHOL and entrepreneurial know-how and humanities. ARS Klaus Mainzer Photo: Marko Pigac 31 In the past, significant impulses for humanity in science, technology, economy, and culture came B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 from the old continent of Europe. The resulting dominance of Europe was also perceived as oppres-O B 2 sion and colonization by peoples outside Europe. Today, Europe itself competes with other political O th F A U A and ethical systems worldwide. The tectonic shifts in power in Asia, Russia, Africa, and America are T P N BS N E T U giving rise to new centres of power, leading to considerable tensions and armed conflicts. O R A P A L L C C E 2 This is where Europe must focus on its profile as a centre of innovation and culture. Europe‘s strength T ON S 0 must be the creativity of its people in science, technology, business, and culture. In the age of artifi-2 F 4 E : I R cial intelligence, work is increasingly being automated and replaced by machines. However, people E N S NC and their creativity remain the decisive driving force and must ultimately bear the responsibility. E E R O V F On the background of my scientific engagement in foundational research and institutional leader-I E CE O U ship, this talk considers innovation dynamics for Europe in the framework of the legal constitution of R F S OP democracy, which has been deeply rooted in European humanism since Antiquity. U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 32 B I T T PLENARY SESSION 01 OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N INNOVATION AND EDUCATION E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S FOR EUROPE 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O V F I E C CRITICAL ISSUES IN EDUCATION AND INNOVATION E O UR F S OP U E’ S S TA S Ioannis Liritzis, Dean of Natural Sciences at the European Academy of Sciences and Arts C IN IE Distinguished Professor at Henan University and Alma Mater Europaea ECM A NC BI E L S IT A Y A N Education and innovation play essential roles as drivers of economic growth, societal advancement, D N A D D R and international competitiveness. This study delves into the intersection of education and innovaT I S G tion within Europe, concentrating on the diverse initiatives, regulations, and approaches embraced L N E I A by European nations to stimulate innovation through education. Through an extensive examination T D Y ER of scholarly literature, policy papers, and empirical research, this paper investigates the function of S A education in cultivating the competencies, expertise, and mentality vital for innovation and entre-ND preneurship. It scrutinizes the changing landscape of education in Europe, encompassing the transi-SCHOL tion towards digitalization, continuous learning, and multidisciplinary methodologies. AR Fig.1 Content of the presentation S Source: Raphael, Philosophy (School of Athens), Stanza Della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Rome, Italy, 1509-1511. Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ index.php?curid=4406048. Moreover, it provides suggestions for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to fortify the connection between education and innovation, foster cooperation across various sectors, and guarantee that Europe retains its leading position in global innovation throughout the 21st century. Several articles and websites deal with the topic of contemporary education. 33 The content of the present short presentation comprises of six issues (Fig.1): B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 • Critical connection between education and innovation O B 2 O • Some key aspects of Education and Innovation in Europe th F A U A T P N B • The Education-Research-Innovation may develop a new didactic model S N E T U O R A • Educational umbrella onto R&I P A L L C C E 2 T ON • Challenges from New Technologies Boosting Modern Education S 02 F • Toward a Global Certificate 4 E : I RE N S NC Lastly, the paper assesses the repercussions of educational regulations and transformations on nur-E E R O turing an environment conducive to innovation, encouraging research and development, and en-V F I E C hancing the capability for technological progress. Additionally, it deliberates on the contribution E O UR of higher education establishments, research institutions, and collaborations between the public F S OP U E’ and private sectors in propelling innovation ecosystems and knowledge-centred economies. It also S S TA S sheds light on the new direction that education and innovation in Europe should strive for, such as C IN IE rectifying educational disparities, fostering comprehensive innovation ecosystems, balancing interA NC BI E disciplinarity, and adjusting to swift technological advancements coupled with humanities. L S IT A Y A N I thank Prof. Ludvik Toplak, President of AMEU – ECM Slovenia, for inviting me to the conference D N A D D and Prof. Klaus Mainzer for inviting me to the Panel on Education and Innovation. RT I S G L N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 34 INNOVATION AND EDUCATION FOR EUROPE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Željko Knez, University Professor T P N BS N E University of Maribor, Slovenia T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, first, I would like to say that it is a great honour and privilege for 2 F 4 E : I R me to participate in this plenary session, with such a group of excellent colleagues, on ‚Innovation E N S NC and Education for Europe‘. E E R O V F Moto of my short talk will be based on what will be said below: I E CE O UR “Europe needs to do more on research, innovation and education to preserve its identity”. F S OP U E’ Within the EU commission, there could be find several documents on education, but very important S S TA SC is target setting where the Member States agreed already on 5 May 2003 on five benchmarks: early IN IE A NC school leavers; number of graduates and decrease of gender imbalance in maths, science and tech-BI E L S nology; upper secondary education completion; low achievers in reading literacy; lifelong learning. IT A Y A ND Under the current policy framework in Education and Policy (ET2020), the seven benchmarks re-N A D D R quire that: T I S G L 1. Early School Leavers: less than 10% of school pupils should leave school before the end of compul-N E I A T D sory schooling, Y ERS 2. Tertiary education attainment: at least 40% of the population aged 30–34 years should have com-AN pleted tertiary education, D SC 3. Early childhood education and care: 95% of children aged 4 to the age when primary education HOL starts should participate in early education, ARS 4. Low achievement in Reading, Maths and Science: no more than 15% of 15-year-olds should be low-achievers in reading, maths and science, 5. The employment rate of recent graduates: 82% of the population aged 20–34 who are no longer in education or training and have successfully completed upper secondary or tertiary education should be employed, 6. Adult participation in life-long learning: participation of the 25-64 age group in lifelong learning (i.e. formal or non-formal continuing education or training including in-company skills development) should be not less than 15% per annum, 7. Mobility between countries: at least 20% of higher education graduates and 6% of 18- to 34-year-olds with an initial vocational qualification should have spent some time studying or training abroad. In the area of science and innovation, there are two key documents: Strategic Plan 2020-2024 and European Research Area Policy Agenda - Overview of actions for the period 2022-2024, which defines the goals and strategies. But the recent document signed at the European Industry summit on February 20th 2024 – The Ant-werp declaration for a European Industrial Deal has the moto: “There is an urgent need for clarity, predictability, and confidence in Europe and its industrial policy.” In this document, it clearly states (and I cite): “To meet climate neutrality by 2050 and the recently communicated 2040 target, Europe’s electricity production will need to multiply, and industry investments will need to be a factor six higher than the previous decade. This enormous challenge comes just as both large companies and SMEs face the most severe economic downturn in a decade, demand is falling, production costs increase, and investments move to other regions. A US economy that benefits from the financial support from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and its ease of accessibility, a Chinese overcapacity and increasing exports to Europe all increase the pressure on the European industry even more. Our companies face this challenge every day. Sites are being closed, production is halted, and people are let go. Europe needs a business case urgently”. 35 This document clearly states that open strategic autonomy for a competitive and resilient EU is cru-B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 cial for Europe‘s transition in a constantly changing geopolitical environment. However, it can only O B 2 be achieved if the basic and energy-intensive industries also stay and invest in Europe. Without a O th F A U A targeted industrial policy, Europe risks becoming dependent even on commodities and chemicals. T P N BS N E T U Europe cannot afford this. O R A P A L L C C E 2 Therefore, the Declaration calls to Member State Governments, the next European Commission and T ON S 0 Parliament to: 2 F 4 E : I RE 1. Put the Industrial Deal at the core of the new European Strategic Agenda for 2024-2029, N S NC E E 2. Include a strong public funding chapter with a Clean Tech Deployment Fund, R O V F I E C 3. Make Europe a globally competitive provider of energy, E O UR F S OP 4. Focus on the infrastructure Europe needs, U E’ S S 5. Increase the EU’s raw materials security, TA SC IN IE 6. Boost demand for net zero, low carbon and circular products, A NC BI E L 7. Leverage, enforce, revive, and improve the Single Market, S IT A Y A N 8. Make the innovation framework smarter, D N A D D R 9. A new spirit of law-making, T I S G L N E 10. Ensure the structure allows to achieve results. I A T D Y E To achieve the above objectives, it is important to take a European approach instead of twenty-sev-RS A en different national incentives by preserving and strengthening the integrity of the internal market ND while taking better account of global competition. SCHOL We need to keep industry in Europe because it will provide the climate solutions that Europe needs. Solutions that citizens and governments can use, but that industry can only invent and implement at ARS speed and scale and with the support of governments. Based on all the above mentioned, I would conclude that “Europe needs to do more on research, innovation and education to preserve its identity”. 36 Verica Trstenjak, Professor of European Law B I T T OOK H Former Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the EU 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Distinguished guests, I am honoured to be with you today. I am the last speaker in this panel, so I T P N BS N E will try to be dynamic. And I am not only the only woman but also the only lawyer on this panel. This T U O R A P A L means that I am going to concentrate on legal issues. Therefore, my comments will include laws, L C C E 2 T ON S values, education, and innovation in connection with artificial intelligence and media. I would like 02 F 4 E to ask you a question - do we need the law to regulate all these questions? What do we need? Do : I RE N S NC we need many legal acts, or is it better to have not so many laws and legal acts but to have good E E quality? Where are our values? R O V F I E C I will show you two pictures. Who knows who is on the first picture? And do you know who is in the E O UR second picture? Why is Kim Kardashian in the first picture better known than the Nobel Prize winner F S OP U E’ for physique, Ferenc Krausz, in the second picture, who is also a member of the European Academy S S TA SC of Sciences and Arts? Who shapes our values? Media, parents, neighbours, relatives, schools, man-IN IE A NC agers, conferences like this one, or networking groups. What is important in this context? Again, our BI E L S values and relation to money. Do we have as individual an influence? How much are people paid? If IT A Y A N you are, for example, a good football player. Or how much are you paid, as another example, if you D N A are a doctor and save the lifes of other people? How much are you paid if you decide about justice D D RT as a national, European or international judge? How much are you paid as a politician? Why can I S G L N E football players like Ronaldo, Messi and so on earn more than €100,000,000, and why don‘t we try I A T D Y E to have more influence on developing these values? RS A What is important? Education is important. Innovations are important, including artificial intelli-ND gence. This enables us to get information, spread information, and influence people. A very import-SCHOL ant role in media, parents, society and others. Let us come back to law. What is the influence of the law? How many legal acts do we need, and how high has to be the quality of the laws we need? ARS When we speak about the quality of the laws, we speak very often in connection with moral and human rights and ethics. We represent this in the form of two circles which should overlap in an optimal society – an optimal society with optimal law. And the next question - do we need law in connection with artificial intelligence, development, and sustainability? Do we have to adopt these laws before we go into practice, or should we first go into practice, like in the case of self-driving cars or GPT, and then we will make a law to regulate this? And how can we define borders that come not too early or are too high to hinder development? It is a very important role of the courts in all areas: national, European, and international courts. In this connection, I would like to mention that I will speak about our values in the future and our future in connection with sustainability, artificial intelligence and human rights in the afternoon. Last week, I was in Paris, and at the Sorbonne, we can still find the quote »Liberté, égalité, frater-nité«. I think, that this is something what influences the students - when you enter the building, you think about this quote. In Vienna, we still have in Vienna at the Hofburg, the motto of Emperor Franz I of Austria, »Iustitia Regnorum Fundamentum«. Justice also means human rights. Ethics is the foundation of the state. Do we have such motto today? This year, we will have European elections and we will have the possibility to decide about our future. We have to check what the mottos of the politicians are and what our values are, which will help us have a better future. And when we speak about education, there was some motto already in the history, cogito ergo sum. I have the privilege to be a professor, after being a judge at the European Court and Advocate General European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, and to work with young people. You are our future. We have to teach people, especially the young generation, to think and not to follow. This is especially a problem with the law study in Slovenia. They teach law students and future judges how to follow the words in the law but not the quality of these words. What is the ethic of one word? Justice, for example. So, this is an important task for all of us here. Now regarding innovation and artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence is our future. The development of artificial intelligence needs to head in the same direction as human rights and ethics, not in different directions. I would like to see artificial intelligence as a benefit to human beings. In the future, it is not enough to have only technical sciences, but we need humanism, we need human rights, the rule of law. This is essential for our future. To conclude, who will control whom in the 37 future? Will this be artificial intelligence? Who will control the law? This means that when we speak B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 about law, I think also about human rights, ethics, and those who will control artificial intelligence. O B 2 It is not only the task of lawyers but also engineers, especially the young generation, to think about O th F A U A this. Who can change the world? We can change the world, all of us. Today is the International Wom-T P N BS N E T U en‘s Day. We have an important role, we are a very important part of the society. But the young O R A P A L L generation especially has an important role in society - you will change the world. And I am happy C C E 2 T ON S to be with you. I hope that we will all together, with our older generation, with our experiences, 02 F 4 E and with the young generation with your motivation and with your esprit, change the world, keep : I RE N S NC it sustainable and have justice in the future. Thank you so much. E E R O V F I E CE O URF SOPUE’SSTA SCINIEANCBIELSIT AY ANDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 38 B I T T INVITED SPEAKERS OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC AI-DELIBERATIVE POOLING ACTS: E E R O TRUTH, TRUST & HOPE IN ASSISTIVE SERVICE V F I E CE O UR FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY F S OP U E’ S S TA SC I Tatjana Christelbauer, Founder and Director N IE A NC B Agency for Cultural Diplomacy Vienna I E L S IT A Alice Siu, Senior Research Scholar at Stanford University Y A NDN Associate Director, Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab A D D RTISG LNE This presentation advocates for the integration of diverse voices, emphasizing the inclusion of visu-I A T D Y E ally impaired high school students through a deliberative polling method. By facilitating the incorRS A poration of varied perspectives, we underscore the significance of diverse stakeholder engagement ND in implementing AI ethical guidelines effectively. Through the application of the deliberative poll-SC ing method, we present a compelling example of how AI tool optimization can be achieved via an HOL inclusive and participatory design process. ARS Moreover, the discussion highlights AI‘s expanding role in daily life and relational cultures, showcas-ing its potential as a crucial aid in promoting societal well-being and fostering meaningful connections. By prioritizing the perspectives of diverse stakeholders, particularly the blind community, we envision a more empathetic and inclusive technological landscape that upholds the principles of dignity and sustainability. This exploration aims to inspire a comprehensive understanding of AI design‘s ethical and practical implications, stressing the significance of holistic and inclusive approaches that cater to the diverse needs of user groups, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and equitable technological future. 39 B I T T PLENARY SESSION 02 OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N HONORARY ADDRESS E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC Borut Pahor, President of the Republic of Slovenia 2012-22 E E R O V F I E CE O UR The time has come for Europe to think about and decide on its institutional consolidation to become F S OP an autonomous and influential international actor. The European elections we expect soon are cer-U E’ S S TA S tainly one of the most important in the last 20 years. Mainly due to geopolitical tensions, such as the C IN IE conflict in Ukraine and instability in the Middle East. That is why the participation of citizens in votA NC B ing, who will decide the future of Europe amid these global challenges, is all the more important. I E L S IT A Y A N Focusing on the approaching anniversary of Slovenia‘s full membership in the European Union, the D N A European idea in Slovenia‘s independence movement, democracy, and European integration for D D RT the country‘s identity are all important. Advocating greater integration within the EU, the continent I S G L N E can effectively address complex geopolitical issues only with a more cohesive European Union. Re-I A T D Y garding defence and security, I support the idea of a more connected European defence policy with-ERS in the framework of NATO, mentioning Sweden‘s decision to join NATO after 200 years. AND The future of Europe requires the political will to continue institutional reforms and the possible SC convening of a new convention to discuss the future of the EU. I look optimistically at the upcoming HOL challenges and call on everyone to be united and care for preserving peace, security, and democratic AR values in Europe. S 40 B I T T INVITED SPEAKERS OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A WHY WAR? L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Richard James Overy, Professor E N S NC University of Exeter, The Times Editor of Complete History of the World E E R O V Fellow of the Royal Historical Academy and British Academy F I E CE O U Recipient of the Wolfson History Prize and the Hessell-Tiltman Prize R F S OP U E’ S S TA S The question ‘Why war?’ is of fundamental importance in understanding the human past and the C IN IE human future. Almost a century ago, Albert Einstein invited Sigmund Freud to answer the question A NC B in terms of psychological science, since he assumed there must be a scientific explanation. Freud I E L S IT A replied that humans were driven by both the capacity for love and the capacity for destruction, and Y A ND the latter expressed in the ‘death drive’ was the root of war. N A D D RT In the century that followed, the major human sciences have all attempted to engage with this key I S G L N E question to see whether the human sciences can provide an explanation for the nature and prevaI A T D Y lence of warfare in the human story. Historians have been reluctant to suggest any general theory ERS of the cause of war, which they see as determined by specific and contingent historical circumstanc-AN es. But human biology, psychology, anthropology, ecology, political and social science, are all dis-D SC ciplines that have explored the broad issue of why warfare has been a characteristic feature of the HOL human experience. The answers have been diverse as might be expected from the nature of the AR different disciplines. S For human biologists it is now axiomatic that humans are not genetically programmed for warfare, but in evolutionary terms the principle of ‘inclusive fitness’ i.e. protection and enlargement of the gene pool, if necessary, through violence, has come to be seen as the most likely origin of collective, warlike violence. Evolutionary psychology, rather than psychoanalysis, has also provided a causal base by looking at the ways the mind has evolved to cope with the threats facing early human communities, one of which is a psychological predisposition for collective violence in defence of community or in aggression against outsiders. Social psychology has reinforced this claim by examining the way in which human communities create a dichotomy between ‘us’ and ‘them’, seeing the other in terms of a potential threat, and giving psychological endorsement to the concept of the other. ‘Otherization’ has been seen as a key factor in explaining and legitimizing warlike violence. Cultural anthropologists, and most sociologists, on the other hand deny that biological or psychological explanations for violence are convincing. They prefer to see warfare as a phenomenon that emerges only with the creation of political communities – tribe, proto-state, or state – and the evolution of cultures that endorse and shape the decisions for warlike violence. Cultural anthropology has found that practices that make for war are common from extant hunter-gatherer tribal communities to the historic state, with its emphasis on militarized culture and social segmentation that privileges the warrior elite. These cultures can be of long standing and shape social and political expectations, but they derive from culturally constructed experience, not from biological or psychological imperatives. Much recent study on war has emphasized the role of ecological pressures (loss of resources, climate shocks, population pressure etc) in explaining the decision for warlike violence when no other solution seems available. These pressures operate in the natural world as well as for human communities. The search for resources, pressure on the land, problems of access to water, reaction to climatic change, have all been suggested as possible triggers for warfare. Today the idea of ‘climate wars’ has attracted considerable scholarly attention and evidence can be found in conflicts over water resources or grazing land in the modern age. The contest for resources, particularly for additional land or access to valuable materials, has grown out of the ecological pressures on communities, but it has also become a key concern today as resources dry up or are controlled by particular states. 41 The wars in Iraq are an example of conflict driven by resource insecurity (in this case Western access B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 to Middle Eastern oil), but the desire for resources has driven warfare as far back in history as it is O B 2 possible to go. O th F A U A T P N B Political and social sciences have explored the cause of war in rather different ways, seeing war S N E T U O as essentially a product of the state and the insecurity states face, and have faced in the past, in R A P A L L C C E 2 an essentially anarchic world. Defence of frontiers, and arguments over borders, have been a perT ON S 0 sistent cause of wars in the recent past and remain a potential site of conflict in the modern age, 2 F 4 E : I R as wars in Ukraine and Gaza exemplify. Political scientists have also looked at the issue of power E N S NC balance, which can produce a peaceable world order when it works but can also provoke warfare E E R O where a rising state perceives that the existing balance can be overturned in its favour. There can V F I E C also be wars rooted in belief or ideology, if there are perceived challenges to the values or faiths of E O UR F S OP a particular polity. Political and social motives for war reflect these values and sustain the conduct U E’ of hostilities. S S TA SC I All these various approaches to the question ‘Why War?’ invite the idea that if war can be understood, N IE A NC B it can also be eradicated in a warless world, an outcome that would contribute fundamentally to the I E L S I principles of sustainability and dignity with which this conference is concerned. The problem is that T A Y A ND the more explanation available for why warfare occurs – whether biological, psychological, cultur-N A D D R al, or political – the more obvious it becomes that human communities under certain circumstances T I S G L have always reached for collective violence when needed and continue to do so in the modern age. N E I A T Warfare is evidently retained as a possibility, or otherwise there would be a state of world disarD Y ER mament and permanent peace. The effects of warfare can be mitigated, temporary institutional S A and international structures might reduce levels of violence significantly, but the present state of ND S scientific study of warfare and its causes suggests that the propensity for warfare is too embedded CHOL for any general solution for its eradication. ARS 42 REMARKS ON THE REPEATED PAST MAJOR B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 CLIMATIC EVENTS (MYTHOLOGICAL DELUGES, O B 2 O th F A U A T P N HYDRAULIC WORKS) AND THOUGHTS OF BS N E T U O R A P RESILIENCE AND MITIGATION A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Ioannis Liritzis, Dean of Natural Sciences at the European Academy of Sciences and Arts E N S NC Distinguished Professor at Henan University and Alma Mater Europaea ECM E E R O V F I E CE O U The difficulties associated with studying climate change and social sustainability in archaeology R F S OP from a transdisciplinary and long-term perspective have been extensively documented through a U E’ S S historical review of natural disasters in the ancient world found in ancient literature and old sacred TA SC I texts. Disasters that have impacted the course of civilization are mentioned in various verses. I will N IE A NC B briefly examine the water element, specifically floods, as a destructive force through the lens of I E L S IT A mythological deluges worldwide. Y A NDN The present era experiences such extreme climatic events. Flooding is a major issue, and the recent A D D RT mega-flooding events echo ancient mythological reports and ancient engineered hydraulic activities. I S G L N Early hydraulic works to remove flood and marshy environments and apply cultivation from prehistor-E I A T D Y ic times shall be reported. The lake implies a freshwater diet; however, lakes and pond habitats are ERS breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which can be an issue and spread dangerous diseases. AND Learning from history should be a guiding principle but must be implemented practically. Projects SC that receive funding to study the catastrophic consequences of climate crises should shift away from HOL theoretical evaluations and inspire tangible efforts to safeguard cultural heritage, modern life, and AR infrastructure. S To prevent disasters, it is crucial to adopt modern technological tools and practices. 43 B I T ENDING GLOBAL POVERTY T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Andy Sumner, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts S N E T U O R Professor at King’s College London, Senior Fellow, United Nations University, A P A L L C C E 2 President of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes, T ON S 0 Foreign Policy’s ‘Top 100 Global Thinkers’ 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E There is a long-running debate on the relationship between economic growth and poverty, and R O V F it has a long history. Initially, interest emerged in the 1970s from scholars who were critical of the I E CE O U distribution of the benefits of growth. The debate held a lot of attention in the late 1990s through R F S OP to the mid-2000s, drawing from East Asian experience and the concept of ‘pro-poor growth’ and ‘in-U E’ S S clusive growth’, the latter of which expanded the lens beyond monetary poverty towards non-mon-TA SC IN I etary poverty and also capabilities expansion and employment and thus inequality of opportunity. E A NC BI E We discuss the literature and consider the historical relationship between growth and a set of pov-L S IT A erty-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically, extreme monetary poverty, under-Y A NDN A nutrition, stunting, child mortality, maternal mortality, and access to clean water and basic sanita-D D RT tion. We then make projections for 2030 based on economic growth forecasts and demonstrate that I S G L N E economic growth alone is unlikely to be sufficient in the time frame to achieve these SDGs and that it I A T D Y is very likely that global poverty-related SDGs will not be met by a considerable distance. The impli-ERS cation of this is more emphasis is needed both on policies to build productive capacities along side AN the introduction or expansion of income transfers, and ensuring public investments are sufficient D S to meet the SDGs. These measures are crucial in the poorest countries - low-income countries and CHOL sub-Saharan Africa – in particular, given the projected changes in the composition of and trends in A monetary and non-monetary poverty projected for 2030. RS 44 B I T T PLENARY SESSION 03 OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N INVITED SPEAKER E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC SUSTAINABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON E E R O HUMAN RIGHTS V F I E CE O URF SOPUE’ Verica Trstenjak, Professor of European Law S S TA S Former Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the EU C IN IE A NC BI E L S Distinguished guests, dear students. My topic is sustainability and human rights, I will speak about IT A Y A N the impact of the case law of the different courts. I see that the majority of you are students. Are D N A D D you interested in sustainability? Are you interested in human rights? Let me ask more practical. RT I S Do you have any critical points concerning this conference in relation to sustainability? Would you G L N E I A change something? I have one example, not only from this conference but also from former ones T D Y E at other universities: plastic bottles. This is my task, we should change it. Let us speak about hu-RS A man rights. In the following, I will show you some cases and also the possibilities of what you ND can do in the future. Here is one quote from Ban Ki-moon: »We are using resources as we had two SC planets, not one. There can be no Plan B because there is no planet B«. This is important for all of HOL us when we speak about sustainability. ARS I think that you are familiar with the criteria of ESG - environmental, social, and governance - and all three of these criteria must be realized together. It‘s not enough if we realize only one, we have to realize all three. We have already heard today about the sustainability development goals, and you can check what you can change for our better future, for example, regarding water, plastic and so on. Now we move to the legal sources, legal acts and the question of how courts can influence this area. In the area of sustainability, we find the so-called corporate sustainability directive. According to this directive, enterprises, companies, and other legal personalities must report about their sustainability goals. They also have to report on human rights. This is important, and I would like to stress it because it means that enterprises have to report not only about the environment, social areas and so on but also about the respect for human rights. When we speak about human rights in the EU - do we have a special legal act? How are our human rights regulated in the EU? We all know that we have national constitutions, but we also have the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The Charter of Fundamental Rights counts for all 27 EU Member States, it is our Constitution, and you can see this little booklet right here in my hands, I always have it with me. But what would you say about which fundamental rights are important? Which fundamental rights are important in the area of sustainability? There are different ones, for example, regarding Environment Protection. Then we have Charter Article 37, which states that healthcare, education, equality before the law, and non-discrimination are just a few of them. But who actually takes care of those human rights in sustainability? Who guarantees human rights? NGO‘s, the Parliament, the EU Commission, or are these courts? As a former judge, I would like to mention a few cases in different areas, European and national courts, just to show you how important this is. Do you think it is possible to start a procedure in the area of climate problems against your country, against Slovenia, Croatia, Greece, Spain and so on? The first case that I would like to mention when I was a judge is the case of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, the Court of the European Union. In this case, the European Commission started a procedure against Spain because of poor implementation of the Nitrates directive in Spain because all Member States should monitor their waters, but Spain didn‘t implement the directive. We also have the European Court of Human Rights, based in Strasbourg. This is not an institution of the European Union but an institution of the Council of Europe with 46 Member States. And at this court, we now have a very interesting case concerning 45 climate. The important legal act is the European Convention of Human Rights, and climate action B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 is something that is new in this court. I will mention two very important procedures. One is from O B 2 Switzerland and the second one is from Portugal. The first one, from Switzerland, was started by a O th F A U A group of older people, the Verein KlimaSeniorinnen. They started a procedure against Swiss (ConT P N BS N E T U federation), against their own country, at the European Court of Human Rights. Why? Because they O R A P A L L are concerned with the consequences of global warming and its influence or impact on their living C C E 2 T ON S conditions and health. The court hasn‘t decided yet, we don‘t know what the court is going to de-02 F 4 E cide. But this is one of the first important climate actions at the European Court of Human Rights. : I RE N S NC In this example, it is the older generation who complains that the Swiss have failed to fulfil their E E R O positive obligations concerning their human rights, to protect life, to ensure respect for their private V F I E C life and family life, and then procedural rights, rights to a fair trial and effective remedy. Now we E O UR will move to the case of the young generation, students. It is a case concerning global warming and F S OP U E’ greenhouse emissions from Portugal, and there are applicants from Portugal and 32 other Member S S TA S States. They claim that global warming affects their living conditions and health, thus similar to the C IN IE Swiss case. Also, in this case, we don‘t have the decision yet, we will probably have it in the next A NC BI E month, but you see that you can start such a procedure. Then, we have some actions against Austria, L S IT A Y A where some climate activists started a procedure, and the Constitutional Court decided that this ac-ND N A tion is not allowed in Austria. Then they went to Strasbourg, to the European Court of Human Rights, D D RT and we are now waiting for this decision. There are also many other cases, but because of the short I S G L N E time, I will not speak about them; I will only mention one more case because this one has already I A T D Y been decided. The German Constitutional Court has already decided this is a German case. The young ERS generation started the procedure of constitutional complaints against the federal Climate Change AN Act. What was the problem here? Germany adopted the Federal Climate Change Act in 2019. Then, D SC the young generation, different associations, and Fridays for Future started the procedure, and then HOL the German Constitutional Court decided that there was actually a violation of human rights, human AR dignity, and the environment. This was a successful case at the national level in Germany, and it is S very important, according to the rule of law, that Germany reacted and changed the law. In this case, the German Parliament changed the Federal Climate Protection Act law, which happened in June two years ago. So these are a few examples concerning the possibility that you will have to start a procedure at the court and take care of our future. To conclude - sustainability is our future. This will have a big impact on our human rights, and it is not enough only to take care of the practice. I think that we also need legal acts, and, as we have seen, the courts can help. It is important to stress again that we are responsible. It will be your homework to think about what you can change and how you can contribute to better results concerning sustainability. And with the following quote (of Robert Swan), I will finish and would like you to think about these words: »The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it.« There is no one else, but we have to do this. Thank you so much for listening to me. 46 HONORARY DOCTORATE CEREMONY B I T T WELCOME ADDRESSES OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P Professor Dr Ludvik Toplak, President of Alma Mater Europaea – ECM A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Over the past fifteen years, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM has developed academic programs at all E N S NC levels and academic disciplines, in line with the mission of the European Academy of Sciences and E E R O Arts (EASA). We thank you for your trust, and for the moral and academic support shown throughout V F I E C this period by the honorary president of EASA, Professor Dr Felix Unger, and the current president, E O UR F S OP Professor Dr Klaus Mainzer. U E’ S S The 12th Annual Conference of Europe’s Sciences and Arts Leaders and Scholars, ‚It‘s About People TA SC I 2024: In Service of Sustainability and Dignity,‘ co-organized with the European Academy of Sciences N IE A NC B and Arts, takes place in one of the most turbulent periods of the last hundred years. I E L S IT A The fundamental values of the thousand-year-old European identity and the assumptions of the Y A ND equality of all people, regardless of gender, religion, race, or other personal circumstances, are un-N A D D R der threat. These values are based on the Judeo-Christian tradition, Greek philosophy, Roman law, T I S G L European humanism, and the development of socio-economic rights in recent centuries. This in-N E I A T D cludes the equality of languages and the political equality of people, established by the declaration Y ER of the United Nations on human rights, and by further acts of the institutions of the United Nations S AN and the European Union. D SC The task of science is to provide answers to new challenges, and thus prevent threatening contradic-HOL tions and develop values and technologies in the education system to ensure peace and well-being AR in society. S These are questions to which Professor Dr Mainzer has devoted himself in his work for several decades. Alma Mater Europaea – ECM expresses its gratitude to him for his outstanding contributions to science and philosophy in the vision of a new renaissance and awards him the title of honorary doctorate. Professor Dr Ludvik Toplak 51 Professor Dr Željko Knez, Academic; Member SASA and EASA B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O Distinguished Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, th F A U A T P N BS N First, I welcome you on behalf of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and its President, Aca-E T U O R A P demician Professor Dr Peter Štih. A L L C C E 2 T ON S I would now like to say that it is a great honor and privilege for me to be the promoter of an out-02 F 4 E standing scientist, the President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, and, if I may say so, : I RE N S NC a man who was among the first to realize that Europe needed a Renaissance, Prof. Dr Klaus Mainzer. E E R O Professor Dr Klaus Mainzer was born in 1947. He is a German philosopher and scientist. V F I E CE O U Mainzer graduated from the Landrat-Lucas-Gymnasium in Opladen and studied mathematics, R F S OP physics, and philosophy. In 1973, he obtained a doctorate in philosophy and mathematics funda-U E’ S S mentals („Mathematical Constructivism“). In 1979, Mainzer got his habilitation in philosophy with TA SC I a thesis on „Space, Geometry and Continuum“ at the University of Münster. In 1980, he received N IE A NC a Heisenberg grant. He was a professor of the foundations and history of exact sciences at the BI E L S I University of Konstanz from 1981 to 1988. He was the Vice-Rector of the University of Konstanz T A Y A N between 1985 and 1988. D N A D D RTISG LNE From 1988 to 2008, Klaus Mainzer was a professor of the philosophy of science and director of the I A T D Y Institute for Philosophy. Since 1998, he has been the founding director of the Interdisciplinary Insti-ERS tute for Computer Science at the University of Augsburg. Between 2008 and 2016, he held the chair AN for philosophy and philosophy of science at the Technical University of Munich. Mainzer was ap-D S pointed director of the Carl von Linde Academy. He was the Munich Center for Technology in Society CHOL founding director at the Technical University of Munich. Since 2016, Mainzer has been „TUM Emeritus AR of Excellence.“ Since 2019, Mainzer has been a Senior Professor at the Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker S Center at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. He is also a co-founder of this institute. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Principal Investi-gator of the TUM Cluster of Excellence Cognition in Technical Systems, and a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering. He is a member of the Research Center for Education and Information (Beijing University), the Academia Europaea (London), the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (Salzburg), and their Dean of the Class for Natural Sciences 2018–2019, member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering. Mainzer was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Daimler and Benz Foundation and the Institute for Advanced Studies at TUM. Since 2020, he has been Deputy Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Udo Keller Foundation Forum Humanum (Hamburg). He gave guest lectures or carried out visiting professorships in Brazil, China, India, Japan, Poland, South Korea, the US, and Russia. He was a visiting scientist at the Euler International Mathematical Institute (St. Petersburg), the Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematics (Bonn), and the Leibniz Center for Informatics at Schloss Dagstuhl. Klaus Mainzer initially published on the concept of a number, the foundations of geometry, space, time, symmetry, and quantum mechanics. He became known as a fundamental theorist of complex systems and artificial intelligence, who considers their social consequences in the age of digitization. He elaborated mathematical models of complex systems that organize themselves in nature - from molecular and cellular systems to organisms and brains. Professor Dr Klaus Mainzer is the editor and author of several books translated into several languages. Besides the huge number of books, he is the author of the widely translated, cited, and reviewed book Thinking in Complexity. Prof. Dr. Klaus Mainzer is the recipient of numerous awards and prizes. I will mention only the most prestigious ones: • Heisenberg-Grant • TUM Emeritus of Excellence • Senior Professor University of Tübingen 52 • Merkatzer Philosophy Prize for outstanding overall and lifetime achievement in the field of phi-B I T T losophy OOK H 'S A E 1 • Golden Medal of the International Center of Education for lifetime achievements in the fields of O B 2 O th F mathematics and complex systems science with outstanding performance as president of the A U A T P N BS N European Academy of Sciences and Arts E T U O R A P A L • Patron of the EU Science Festival on the occasion of the appointment of Katowice (Poland) as L C C E 2 T ON Science City 2024 S 02 F4E Besides this, he is a member of Academic Societies: : I RE N S NC • European Academy of Sciences and Arts / Salzburg. In November 2020, the European Academy E E R O of Sciences and Arts elected Mainzer as its new president. He succeeded Felix Unger, who had V F I E C served as president for three decades. E O UR F S OP • Academia Europaea /London, U E’ S S • National Academy of Science and Engineering Berlin/Munich. TA SC IN IE Dear Rector of the Alma Mater Europea, Prof. Dr. Ludvik Toplak, I propose that, based on all that has A NC B been presented, you promote Prof. Dr. Klaus Mainzer to the honorary title of Doctor Honoris Causa. I E L S IT A Y A NDN AD D Professor Dr Željko Knez RT I S G L N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 53 Professor Dr Marko Robnik, Member EASA Founder and Director CAMTP B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F Honorable Guests, Respected Colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, A U A T P N BS N E following the kind invitation of Professor Ludvik Toplak, it is my great honor and pleasure to briefly T U O R A P A L describe the scientific work of Professor Klaus Mainzer, President of the European Academy of SciL C C E 2 T ON S ences and Arts, in continuation of Professor Knez’s promotional speech. 02 F 4 E Professor Mainzer is not only an outstanding philosopher, especially a philosopher of science, but : I RE N S NC also a mathematician, physicist, and theoretical computer scientist. His scientific work spans the im-E E R O pressively broad domain of various scientific disciplines. This includes foundations of mathematics, V F I E C where he studied constructive mathematics, pursued the questions of predictability, and researched E O UR how mathematical proofs can be reduced to algorithms and computers. F S OP U E’ S S He has been addressing the fundamental concepts in physics, like space, time, symmetry, and quan-TA SC I tum mechanics. Perhaps his most crucial work contributed to the entirely general theory of com-N IE A NC plexity in a variety of systems, applicable in physics, encompassing microscopic and macroscopic BI E L S I systems, chemistry, and biology, from the single cells to organs, organisms, and ecological systems, T A Y A N but also in technology, social and economic sciences, as well as in neurosciences and computer sci-D N A D D R ences. He has been contributing to the foundations and applications of artificial intelligence and is T I S G advocating necessary increased research on aspects of machine learning away from the blind statis-L N E I A tical learning algorithms in artificial intelligence. He is deeply concerned with the utilities, applicaT D Y ER tions, and possible abuses of artificial intelligence. In addition, he is one of the main promotors of S A quantum computers. ND S In the technical sciences, Mainzer is concerned with the complex systems in the Internet of Things, CHOL which lead to a data explosion (big data) and raise security and responsibility issues. He also de-A mands technology design to take into account the social, ecological, ethical, and legal aspects. He RS calls for the European innovation policy to make sure that these developments respect general individual human rights and that artificial intelligence serves society at all levels. Let me say a few more words about his fundamental contributions to the development of the complexity theory. With Leon Chua of the University of California at Berkeley, he developed a mathematically formulated theory of how ordered complex structures can emerge from a disordered structure. The classical physics of the 19th and 20th centuries provided the foundations of the statistical theory of many-body systems, which, when isolated, tend toward complete disorder, based on the second law of thermodynamics. A fundamental discovery of the late 20th century, widely further developed in the 21st century, is that ordered structures can emerge from homogeneous, disordered structures. In a sense, order is created from chaos. It is the universal condition that such systems must be open systems, which gain energy from the environment, and to be stable must be dissipative in such a way that the energy losses, on average, are compensated by the energy gain. Quite generally: order costs energy! To create order from chaos, one certainly needs the nonlinearity of the underlying system. The emergence and existence of spontaneously ordered structures in such open systems, e.g., reaction-diffusion systems and biological systems, does not contradict the second law of thermodynamics. Mainzer and Chua build on the ideas of Schrödinger, Turing, Haken, and Prigogine and show that nonlinearity and instability are not enough to create order. They maintain and show that the principle of local activity is the missing concept to explain the emergence of complex patterns in a homogeneous medium. This is also the title of their original book published in 2013 by the Imperial College Press. Understanding the emergence of complex systems is the beginning. The effort to describe and understand the properties and functioning of a complex system requires new methods, from mathematical approaches to the computer-based analysis of big data, also using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Professor Mainzer has contributed significantly to these research issues and their societal impacts over the past decades. When it comes to organizing our modern society, also at the most global level, the key word is cooperation. In constructive cooperation, with maximal intelligence, nobody is harmed, and all parties involved are winners, and that was, on the time average, the main driving force of progress and prosperity in humanity. 54 The modest attitude of Professor Mainzer teaches us that this is the most appropriate approach B I T T based on tolerance and intelligence. Therefore, I support his and Chua’s words: Act locally and think OOK H 'S A E 1 globally with responsibility to the whole Earth system. O B 2 O th F A U A Apart from his plentiful academic and scientific activities worldwide, I should mention that Profes-T P N BS N sor Mainzer is, since 2019, every year one of the most prominent invited speakers at the annual E T U O R A P A L Christmas symposia of physicists at CAMTP of the University of Maribor, which I am organizing since L C C E 2 T ON 2002. Also, we have been co-organizing several EASA workshops taking place in Salzburg. Thus, his S 02 F scientific ties with Slovenia are also significant. 4 E : I RE N S NC In the end, please allow me to congratulate Professor Mainzer for the promotion to Dr. h. c., thank-E E R O ing him in the most general sense for his outstanding contributions to science, the academic world, V F I E C and human society. E O UR F S OP Dear Klaus, sincere congratulations! U E’ S S TA SC IN IE Professor Dr Marko Robnik A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 55 Professor Dr Felix Unger, Honorary President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F On behalf of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, I have the great honour to congratulate A U A T P N BS N Professor Dr Klaus Mainzer to the Honorary Doctorate for his outstanding scientific achievements. E T U O R A P A L Professor Mainzer is one of the well-known German philosophers. Beyond artificial intelligence, his L C C E 2 T ON S main areas of expertise are complex systems, philosophy of science, foundations of mathematics, 02 F 4 E history of science, and philosophy of nature. In addition to his numerous activities, especially as : I RE N S NC Emeritus of Excellence at the Technical University of Munich and Senior Professor at the Carl Friedrich E E von Weizsäcker Centre at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and German National Academy R O V F I E of Science and Engineering (acatech), Prof. Mainzer is currently President of the European Academy CE O UR of Sciences and Arts. F S OP U E’ In the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, to which I belong as Honorary President and found-S S TA SC ing member, Professor Dr Mainzer continues the interdisciplinary work in the spirit of the Acade-IN IE A NC my’s principles with the aim of building bridges in science and society in a changed, tense and con-BI E L S flict-ridden world. In doing so, Professor Dr Mainzer is pursuing the idea of rediscovering Europe as IT A Y A N an innovative and cultural area in the sense of a new renaissance. D N A D D R His interdisciplinary commitment has had a wide impact on the leadership of numerous universiT I S G ties, scientific societies and organisations. Professor Dr Mainzer was Dean and Vice-Rector at the L N E I A University of Konstanz, Director of the Institute of Philosophy, Founding Director of the Institute for T D Y ER Interdisciplinary Computer Science and Dean at the University of Augsburg; Director of the Carl von S A Linde Academy, and Founding Director of the Munich Center for Technology in Society (MCTS), as well ND as Emeritus of Excellence at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and co-founder of the Carl Frie-SCHOL drich von Weizsäcker Center and Senior Professor at the University of Tübingen, to name but a few. Professor Dr Mainzer is also spokesman for the working group “Fundamental Issues in Engineering ARS Sciences” of the German National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech), as well as a member of the Academia Europaea (London), a member of the Daimler-Benz Foundation (Ladenburg), a member of the scientific advisory board of the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) at the Technical University of Munich and chairman of the scientific advisory board of the Forum Humanum Foundation in Hamburg. Professor Mainzer’s philosophical work shows an impressive breadth, he deals with the challenges of quantum physics as well as with the possibility of mathematical knowledge, which he has expressed in his numerous publications, seminars and lectures, he has written books on symmetries in nature as well as on time, and he has investigated in an interdisciplinary way how new things arise in the world. In the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Professor Dr Mainzer was particularly committed to the introduction of new working groups on the topics of “Digitalisation, AI and Society”, “Energy, Climate, Environment”, “Innovation, Training and Education”. The certification of corresponding position papers (“white papers”), the introduction of the Academy’s scientific journal PEASA and the coordination and moderation of numerous Academy events since 2020 are his ongoing and future projects. The European Academy of Sciences and Arts is honoured having Professor Dr Mainzer as Honorary Doctor Maribor and I am sure, that he as important member of the Academy will enrich our goals. Professor Dr Felix Unger 56 Professor Dr Lenart Škof, Dean Alma Mater Europaea Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th Dear distinguished guests, F A U A T P N B it is my honor as a philosopher and Dean of Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis to be in the role of S N E T U O R A one of the laudators on the occasion of awarding the President of the European Academy of Sciences P A L L C C E 2 and Arts, Professor Klaus Mainzer the doctor honoris causa at Alma Mater Europaea. T ON S 02 F Klaus Mainzer is a renowned German philosopher and scientist and the author of numerous books 4 E : I RE and publications on the philosophy of science, among them the widely translated, cited, and re-N S NC E E viewed book Thinking in Complexity, published by Springer in 1994. R O V F I E Professor Mainzer‘s career in philosophy started after obtaining a doctorate in philosophy and CE O UR mathematics in 1973. A few years later, in 1979, Mainzer got his habilitation in philosophy with F S OP a thesis on „Space, Geometry and Continuum“ at the University of Münster. Later, he continued his U E’ S S TA S philosophical work at the Universities of Konstanz and Augsburg. Between 2008 and 2016, he held C IN IE the chair for philosophy and philosophy of science at the Technical University of Munich. A NC BI E Broadly, his philosophical works focus on some of the fundamental concepts in philosophy ever since L S IT A Y A N Plato: the concepts of number, space, time, and symmetry, but also key modern topics such as quan-D N A tum mechanics. As a thinker, he became internationally known as a fundamental theorist of complex D D RT systems, and, more recently, artificial intelligence theories. This work closely relates to the Complex I S G L N E Systems theory, demonstrating that equilibrium in systems is not the answer, but that productive and I A T D Y robust systems must exist on the edge of chaos. As Prigogine & Stengers have been arguing in their ERS works, by applying this lens to physics, biology, chemistry, philosophy, cybernetics, robotics, and other AN fields, resilience can be rebuilt and sustained. The key components of the Complex Systems theory and D SC its new ontology and epistemology are in the integrative, diverse, mutually activating, co-evolving, HOL dynamic, sub-optimal, self-organizing, connective, emergent and non-linear systems, making truly a AR paradigm shift in interdisciplinary humanities and philosophy of science today. S The contributions of Professor Mainzer in this view are enormous: with his already mentioned book Thinking in Complexity, as early as 1994, Mainzer was already able to predict some of the most dangerous threats of the world we are living in: he argued for an ethically and socially responsible science, economics, and politics, thus directly influencing not only our social lives but also our new ways towards relationality with nature. He states, »We should neither overact nor retire, because overreaction as well as retirement can push the system from one chaotic state to another. We should be both cautious and courageous, according to the conditions of nonlinearity and complexity in evolution«. Yes, to be cautious and courageous means to be both humble and bold, to be responsible towards everything that exists, but also to be audacious towards our common future. In his words: »We have to protect the Greatest Good in an ongoing evolution with increasing complexity«. These words undoubtedly testify to a truly strong presence of humanistic impulses and values in Professor Mainzer’s works and scientific worldviews. Among his key works, let me mention Symmetrien der Natur (De Gruyter, 1988), Thinking in Complexity: The Computational Dynamics of Matter, Mind, and Mankind (Springer, 1994, with new edi-tions), The Little Book of Time (Copernicus, 2002), The Universe as Automaton (Springer, 2011) and Die Berechenbarkeit der Welt: Von der Weltformel zu Big Data (Beck, 2014). His book from 2019 is titled Artificial Intelligence: When do machines take over? (Springer) – in this book, Mainzer strongly argues that AI must prove itself as a service in society. It is clear that today, apart from achieving peace in Ukraine, Israel, and Palestine, and elsewhere in the world, humanity will need to resolve many crucial issues – from environmental (such as global warming), to issues related to the ethical and also socio-political consequences of the advanced AI. In all these issues, Professor Mainzer‘s philosophical work was not only highly topical and influential but also contributed to the paradigm shifts in the areas of studies of complexity, dynamics, and, more recently, digitalization and advanced AI. On behalf of the Alma Mater Europaea – Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis faculty, it is my greatest pleasure to express our praise for Professor Mainzer as a recipient of the Doctor Honoris Causa award from Alma Mater Europaea University and wish to congratulate him sincerely for the award. Professor Dr Lenart Škof 57 EDUCATION AND MENTAL HEALTH B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A RELATIONAL ASPECTS OF FAMILY RESILIENCE L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Barbara Simonič, Professor E N S NC Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ The family plays a key role in the development of the individual and has a consequent impact S S TA S on society. There is a large body of research and studies supporting the importance of quality C IN IE A NC family relationships for personal, social, emotional, and cognitive development. However, in BI E L real-life contexts, there are many factors and stresses that lower the quality of family relationS IT A Y A N ships and leave negative consequences. In such situations, it is crucial to seek support, establish D N A effective communication, develop resilience, and manage stressful situations to strengthen D D RT the resilience of the family. Family resilience is a concept that describes the ability of families I S G L N E to (successfully) cope with stress, crises, and difficulties and to adapt and strengthen as a re-I A T D Y E sult of these experiences. It looks at those parts of the family system that enable the family to RS remain functional and well-functioning despite difficult circumstances. This paper will present AND the basic concepts and importance of resilience, focusing on the factors and aspects of family SC resilience. We will review the key relational transactional processes that enable a family to ral-HOL ly and organise itself in highly stressful times: to take proactive steps, to mitigate distractions, AR to reduce the risk of inappropriate responses, and to support positive adaptation and resourceS fulness in the face of challenges. Keywords: resilience, family relationships, stress, coping, development 61 B I T WHAT HAS NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY T OOK H 'S A E 1 DISORDER IN COMMON WITH THE NEOLIBERAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SOCIAL VALUES? S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Renata Šribar, Professor 2 F 4 E : I R Centre FemA – Association for Transformation Studies and Agency E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ISH, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP U E’ The author of the paper discusses the conceptual options to constitute a contemporary epistemic S S TA S background for linking a severe mental health issue diagnosed as narcissistic personality disC IN IE order with the so-called socially pathological characters. These personalities are not clinically A NC BI E diagnosed, and are culturally and societally construed and supported by the negative values of L S IT A Y A the modern neoliberal society (competitiveness, unaccountability, self-centeredness, exclu-ND N A sive goal-orientedness, commodification and exploitation of others …). With the aim to define D D RT theoretically the two psycho-social personality structures the inquiry into the crucial societal I S G L N E environments and ideological realms has been carried out. Special stress is put on augmented I A T D Y reality, with its positive impact being the construction of the virtual phenomenon of ‘condividu-ERS ality’ (Deseriis, 2018) – which in our case opens the virtual spaces for prolthe iferation of certain AN knowledges based on experiential issues and cognition – either intimate or therapeutic or even D S both at the same time. The hypothesis on the relation between diagnosed narcissism as mental CHOL disorder and narcissism with its characteristics as a socio-culturally supported constitutive ele-AR ment of the social pathology is proven through the inductive method of semantically analyzed S and generalized testimonies and information in educational videos on the YouTube channel. Keywords: narcissistic personal disorder, social pathology, negative values, condividuality, semantics 62 MENTAL HEALTH AND SCREEN AND SOCIAL MEDIA B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ADDICTION - DIGITAL COCAINE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Sebastjan Kristovič, Professor A P A L L C C E 2 Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Screen addiction has become so commonplace and „normal“ that we hardly notice it anymore. It V F I E C seems that parents have become completely immune-tolerant to the addictive behavior of their E O UR children. Entire generations of children and adolescents are addicted to digital media, yet we F S OP U E’ are hardly aware of it. Recent studies show that teenagers and children spend an average of 5-8 S S TA S hours a day in front of a phone screen alone. When other digital media are added, this time in-C IN IE creases to 10 hours or more. This means that the average 15-year-old spends 2555 hours in a year A NC BI E staring at a phone (which is 107 days or three and a half months, 24 hours a day). L S IT A Y A N Because digital media and screens have the same impact on the brain in childhood as hard drugs, D N A D D terms like „digital heroin“ and „digital cocaine“ are increasingly used to describe unhealthy RT I S screen use. Numerous studies examining the functioning and development of children‘s brains G L N E I A come to the same conclusion: screens have the same impact on the brain in childhood as hard T D Y E drugs. With the advent and rapid rise of social networks, various mental distresses and illnesses RS A among young people have dramatically increased, such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, ag-ND gression, apathy, life passivity, lack of empathy, lack of meaning in life, and suicides. SCHOL The results of scientific research, through comparative analysis and analytical-synthetic methA ods, demonstrate an extremely negative impact on mental health, behavioral disorders, and RS cognitive abilities. Screens kill a child‘s passion and creativity, destroy their curiosity and playfulness, distort their sense of beauty, erode their sense of being special and irreplaceable. They turn them into passive, silent observers of their own lives, people, and the world around them. More and more young people complain of feeling internally empty, anxious, depressed, fearful of everything, afraid of relationships, afraid of peer society, and see no meaning in their lives. Keywords: mental health, screen addiction, logotherapy, digital cocaine, upbringing 63 B I T WITH THE HELP OF CHRISTIAN WORSHIP MUSIC T OOK H 'S A E 1 TO MEET GOD AND THE BELIEVERS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Drago Jerebic, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F One of the characteristics of today‘s postmodern times is that people want to feel good and to be I E CE O U addressed holistically, both on a rational level and, above all, on an emotional level. In the field R F S OP of pastoral work, this can be translated that today‘s believer wants the Christian message to ad-U E’ S S dress his fundamental needs and longings, and only then is the believer cognitively motivated as TA SC I to what content he should accept and believe. This requires the preacher to deliver the message N IE A NC B in an authentic way, which means activating both the left and right hemispheres of the brain. I E L S IT A In this paper, we will use a phenomenological method to present how modern Christian worship Y A ND music responds to the fundamental needs of postmodern man. We will analyse the lyrics of the N A D D R songs, which to a large extent refer to one of the fundamental features of attachment theory, the T I S G L longing for the safe haven and reassurance that God represents. We will present the element of N E I A T D authenticity as they articulate personal testimonies, feelings and longings. We will evaluate the Y ER importance of this music in connecting with God and other believers as it invites honest emotionS AN al response and personal vulnerability. D SC Keywords: Christian worship music, relationship with God, attachment theory, authenticity HOL ARS 64 MEASURING THE COLOR OF PERCEIVED B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 AFTERIMAGE WITH A COLOR WHEEL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Bor Sojar Voglar, PhD, Teacher A P A L L C C E 2 Prva Gimnazija Maribor, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Color afterimages are a perceptual phenomenon when after a prolonged visual exposure to an V F I E C image of a certain color, a temporary image of the same shape but a different color remains in E O UR our perception while exposed to a white or grey colored background. It is widely accepted that F S OP U E’ the color of the perceived afterimage is the complementary color to the original stimulus color. S S TA S To measure the color of the perceived afterimage the verbal method is widely used. In this presC IN IE entation, we present a novel approach to measuring color afterimage perception. We propose A NC BI E a method that prompts subjects to select color from a color wheel, which should significantly L S IT A Y A increase the accuracy of the reported perception. This new approach was preliminarily tested ND N A with 107 participants each exposed to 6 different colored rectangles with fixation points for 30 D D RT seconds on monitor screen in random order. The levels of red, green and blue component intenI S G L N E sity were measured for the reported color and the average difference from the original stimulus I A T D Y was calculated. Results show that for most colors the afterimage is in fact the complementary ERS color, but for the blue and green stimuli the results are more complex. AND Keywords: perception, vision, afterimage color method SCHOL ARS 65 B I T ACTIVE LEARNING TOWARDS GLOBAL SKILLS T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND COMPETENCIES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Polonca Pangrčič, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The principle of active learning is based on the theory of students‘ in-depth and superficial ap-I E CE O U proach to learning. In this paper, we will present active learning as a pedagogical concept and R F S OP approach, and how we can build global skills and competencies based on the aforementioned U E’ S S approach, which are extremely important for every individual today. The key characteristics of TA SC I active learning and the implications for teaching are expressed in learning in which students N IE A NC B are actively involved in the learning process - participating in activities and performing tasks I E L S I designed in such a way that students build their knowledge and abilities (competencies) through T A Y A ND the use of higher-level thinking skills; relates to various educational theories and concepts; it N A D D R includes everything from short responses to what is read or heard to complex group activities T I S G L etc. In the empirical part, we will present research among 4,000 students (N = 4,000) and make a N E I A T connection between students‘ self-awareness of (active) learning with self-awareness of global D Y ER competencies and insight into their development through the study process. S AN Keywords: active learning, global competencies, global skills, knowledge, in-depth approach D S to learning CHOL ARS 66 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTABLISHING POSITIVE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Katja Vrtačnik Garbas, PhD, Teacher A P A L L C C E 2 Institute for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Ljubljana, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Establishing and nurturing positive relationships between teachers and students is fundamen-V F I E C tal for fostering an environment conducive to learning and holistic development. This paper ex-E O UR plores the multifaceted importance of cultivating such relationships and the profound impact F S OP U E’ they have on both students and teachers. S S TA SC Trust and comfort are foundational elements fostered by positive teacher-student relationships, IN IE A NC creating safe spaces where students feel valued, respected, and empowered to engage actively BI E L S in learning. This leads to improved retention, understanding, and learning motivation among IT A Y A N students. Moreover, these relationships contribute significantly to students‘ social and emotion-D N A D D al growth, nurturing vital skills like empathy, communication, and conflict resolution. Behav-RT I S ioral improvements often accompany positive relationships, as students tend to exhibit more G L N E I A positive conduct and respect for peers and rules. T D Y ER Furthermore, the mental well-being of students is positively influenced, with reduced stress S A and anxiety levels. Besides, positive influences on mental well-being are experienced also by ND S teachers. The enduring impact of positive teacher-student relationships extends beyond the CHOL classroom, shaping students‘ attitudes not only towards learning but also towards themselves A and thus impacting their lifelong paths. This paper underscores the pivotal role these relation-RS ships play in shaping the holistic development of students and emphasizes their significance in educational practices. Keywords: teacher-student relationships, educational environment, holistic development, learning motivation, social-emotional learning 67 B I T THE POWERLESSNESS OF PROFESSIONAL WORKERS T OOK H 'S A E 1 AT THE SOCIAL WORK CENTRE TO ESTABLISH A O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH THE USER OF THE S N E T U O R A P A L SOCIAL WORK CENTRE SERVICES L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Nataša Novak, PhD Candidate NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I North Primorska Social Work Centre, Slovenia E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC I Social Work Centres provide various forms of assistance to people in need, such as services, public N IE A NC powers and statutory duties. All tasks are defined in the Catalogue of Public Powers of Centres BI E L S I for Social Work, which is based on a number of legal bases. In this paper, we present a demon-T A Y A N stration of providing help to a person in need who is at the same time homeless and has mental D N A D D R health problems. It lives in different parts of Slovenia, where, according to the time of year, the T I S G local climate suits her best. It is a presentation of the provision of information, proposals for solv-L N E I A ing her problems according to the possibilities and resources of the current environment within T D Y ER the first social assistance service and referral to the locally and objectively competent center for S A solving public powers. It shows her behavior in the premises of the social work center, where she ND violates house rules countless times, expects solutions from professional workers immediately SCHOL and according to her ideas, demands various certificates and never comes to agreed meetings where solutions or compromises could be found. Centers for social work are open and accessible, ARS a novelty in recent years is the security service, which also has limited powers with regard to this type of behaviour of users in the premises of the social work centre. Keywords: social work centre, homelessness, people with mental health problems, working relationship, violations of house rules 68 FAMILY OF ORIGIN AND ANGER-CONFLICT B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 DYNAMICS IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS: O B 2 O th F A U A T P N A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Leina Radusinović, PhD Candidate 02 F University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U This systematic literature review synthesizes findings from 14 key studies exploring the impact R F S OP of family-of-origin experiences on conflict and relationship dynamics in romantic and marital re-U E’ S S lationships. The selection criteria included studies that examined diverse facets of family-of-or-TA SC I igin influences on adult relationships. The selected studies, ranging from early familial interac-N IE A NC B tions to intimate partner violence perpetration, collectively highlight the enduring influence of I E L S I early family environments on diverse aspects of adult relationships. The review underscores the T A Y A ND interconnectedness of family-of-origin factors with conflict resolution patterns, marital satisfac-N A D D R tion, attachment security, and the perpetuation of violence. The synthesis contributes not only to T I S G L a comprehensive understanding of the intricate links between family-of-origin factors and adult N E I A T relationship dynamics but also lays the foundation for targeted investigations to further enrich D Y ER our understanding of these complex dynamics in future studies. S AN Keywords: family-of-origin, conflict, romantic relationship, marital relationship, relationship D S dynamics CHOL ARS 69 B I T EFFECTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN TIMES OF NIHILISM, LACK O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B OF MEANING AND IDENTITY CONFUSION S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Uroš Perko, PhD, Psychotherapist 2 F 4 E : I R Institute Mitikas, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR Despite the growing number of mental health professionals, we have an increasing number of F S OP U E’ young people experiencing various mental health problems. There is a growing nihilism, exis-S S TA S tential emptiness, apathy, and an increasingly aimless search for identity among young people. C IN IE Finding oneself is a difficult process, because one‘s personality can only be shaped through one‘s A NC BI E own experiences and initial successes in achieving one‘s goals. Recently, however, self-discovery L S IT A Y A has been accompanied by an increasing emphasis on self-improvement, the main aim of which ND N A is to maintain and acquire a youthful body. Thus, we are discovering less and less about our per-D D RT sonality and more and more about self-improvement, which is contributing to the rise of various I S G L N E psychological disorders. The fact is that we can only develop our individuality through opposi-I A T D Y tion and that man never knows himself by observation alone. In order to know who you are, you ERS have to do your duty, which is inevitably linked to meaning, because it is precisely by solving AN problems that life has meaning. The aim of this article is to try to apply the findings of several D S well-known experts in the field of mental health to the psychotherapeutic treatment of young CHOL people in crisis and existential emptiness. AR Keywords: effective treatment, young people, nihilism, existential crisis, identity crisis S 70 THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON THE ACADEMIC APPROACHES OF THE NEW O B 2 O th F A U A T P N GENERATION OF STUDENTS BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Kledi Satka, Professor 02 F University of Tirana, Albania 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U In the times we are living in, the presence of technology is undeniable in all aspects of life as a R F S OP companion and sometimes a guiding force in human activities due to its practicality, functional-U E’ S S ity, and inclusiveness that technological devices have offered for decades now. In recent years, TA SC I Artificial Intelligence has spread and developed increasingly, representing machines with think-N IE A NC B ing abilities that allow them to perceive, analyze, and derive desired results from given informa-I E L S I tion in a comparable quality to human thinking and in record time. This study aims to determine T A Y A ND the prevalence of Artificial Intelligence as a useful tool for higher education students in Albania N A D D R and how far they utilize it, exploring the gray area of potential plagiarism in this context. T I S G L Keywords: artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, students, coursework N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 71 B I T UNDERSTANDING SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN T OOK H 'S A E 1 KOSOVO YOUTH: EXPLORING PSYCHOSOCIAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Naim Fanaj, Associate Professor 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea Campus College Rezonanca, Kososvo E N S NC E E Sevim Mustafa, Assistant Professor R O V F AAB College Prishtina, Kosovo I E CE O UR Elona Krasniqi, PhD Candidate F S OP U E’ PMSH, Kosovo S S TA SC IN IE A NC ABSTRACT BI E L S IT A Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) is a complex construct that is influenced by a variety Y A ND of psychosocial factors. The aim of this study in Kosovo is to explore how various psychosocial N A D D R factors—such as cognitive style, hope, social support, coping strategies, and socio-demographic T I S G L elements—interact with SWB among the youth. N E I A T D Y Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 490 individuals between 15 and 23 years old took part ERS (Mage=19.06; SD=4.17). These participants went through a series of assessment tools includ-AN ing the Adult Hope Scale, the Brief COPE Scale, the Oslo 3-item Social Support Scale, the WHO-5 D S Well-Being Index, and the Cognitive Reflection Test. CHOL Results: A score below 13 indicating poor wellbeing is found in 26.9%. The study found signifi-AR cant correlations between WHO-5 Well-being Index scores and various factors: the social support S scale (r = .288, p < 0.00), CRT score (r = -.098, p < 0.04), Problem- focusing Coping (r = .137, p < 0.03), Adult Hope Scale agency thinking (r = .352, p < 0.00), Adult Hope Scale pathway thinking (r = .370, p < 0.00), Adult Hope Scale total score (r = .351, p < 0.00), and Dysfunctional Coping (r = -.210, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression indicated that social support, dysfunctional coping and Adult Hope Scale agency thinking were predictors of reporting SWB. Conclusions: Specific psychosocial elements, particularly the availability of social support, the use of coping mechanisms, and certain aspects of hope, have a substantial impact on the SWB of Kosovo’s youth; with potential implications for addressing these factors. Keywords: subjective well-being, psychosocial factors, adolescent, Kosovo 72 PROMOTION OF MENTAL HEALTH AND B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ESTABLISHMENT OF PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N PARENTS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BS N E T U O R A P FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF FAMILY PEDAGOGY A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 AND FAMILY THERAPY 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Jasminka Zloković, Professor R O V F I E Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Croatia CE O UR Sara Jerebic, Assistant Professor F S OP U E’ Faculty of Theology University of Ljubljana, Slovenia S S TA S Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Croatia C IN IE A NC Family Institute Bližina, Slovenia BI E L S IT A Y A ND ABSTRACT N A D D RT The modern concept of mental health does not only refer to the absence of disorders but also to I S G L N taking control of one‘s life and improving their general health. Since parents, as well as children, E I A T D Y struggle with the issues and consequences of impaired mental health, teachers are those who ERS contribute a lot to better the mental health of their students. One of the EU measures to improve AN mental health is the development of partnership and intersectoral cooperation. In practice, it has D S been shown that with a partnership between experts in family therapy and family pedagogy, we CHOL can train future teachers to deal with important topics such as mental health effectively. Forms A of partnership in family therapy and family pedagogy are presented in the course „Partnership of RS parents and educational institutions“ at the Department of Pedagogy of the Faculty of Arts in Rijeka in collaboration with the Department of Marital and Family Therapy, Psychology and Sociol-ogy of Religion at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Ljubljana. We want to shed light on the important role of interdisciplinary cooperation, which is key to strengthening mental health and developing and educating young people. Keywords: family pedagogy, family therapy, partnership, promotion of mental health, children, parents 73 B I T SUPPORTING DIGITAL SKILLS EDUCATION FOR T OOK H 'S A E 1 PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES FROM O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B THE PERSPECTIVE OF SERVICE PROVIDERS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Lea Masnjak Šušković, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I RE Alisa Fabris, Expert N S NC E E R O Rea Fulgosi-Masnjak, Professor V F I E C Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia E O UR F S OP U E’ S S ABSTRACT TA SC IN IE To ensure that digital technologies and technological development serves the needs of all, we A NC B need to support people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in acquiring digital skills. The digital ex-I E L S IT A clusion of this population is largely the result of a lack of adequate education and environmental Y A ND support. The study aims to investigate what opportunities adults with ID have to acquire digital N A D D R skills, i.e. to examine the significance, requirements, challenges and potential for digital partici-T I S G L pation and education. To gain a deeper insight, focus group interviews were conducted with proN E I A T D fessionals from several service providers. The results of the qualitative analysis show that there Y ER is a lack of educational curriculum and systematic training in digital skills. Professionals mostly S AN provide individual situation-based support depending on the everyday needs. In addition, parD S ticipants pointed out other various challenges associated with the use of digital technologies by CHOL people with ID, such as online risks, family support, lifelong learning, motivational aspects. This A suggests that not all people with ID have equal opportunities to participate in the digital world, RS as the acquisition of digital skills depends on the knowledge and goodwill of supporters and family. Based on the obtained results, a support framework and guidelines for improving digital education for people with ID are presented. Keywords: digital inclusion, digital education, people with intellectual disabilities 74 RECONNECTED: ADDRESSING MENTAL HEALTH B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 CHALLENGES IN EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, O B 2 O th F A U A T P N INCLUDING KOSOVO BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Naim Fanaj, Associate Professor 02 F Alma Mater Europaea Campus College Rezonanca, Kosovo 4 E : I RE N S NC Sevim Mustafa, Assistant Professor E E R O AAB College Prishtina, Kosovo V F I E CE O U Elona Krasniqi, PhD Candidate R F S OP PMSH, Kosovo U E’ S S TA SC IN IE ABSTRACT A NC BI E L S Current global societal challenges threaten the mental health of European citizens. The ‚RECON-IT A Y A N NECTED‘ project, funded by the EU/Horizon Europe program, aims to address the mental health D N A D D challenges faced by vulnerable populations in Europe, including Kosovo. It introduces a novel RT I S community care model utilizing a digital, evidence-based, and ecologically sensitive self-man-G L N E agement support system. By leveraging complex systems theory, the project targets mental I A T D Y E health literacy, social participation, and micro-interventions to enhance citizens‘ well-being and RS A resilience. This system will be tailored and tested in nine European countries, including Koso-ND vo, to assess its effectiveness across diverse vulnerable communities. Combining technological SC advancements with participatory research and end-user stakeholder involvement, the project HOL aims to align innovations with societal needs, facilitating widespread adoption. From internet AR search, we learn that Kosovo is marked by high poverty rates and mental health stigma, lacks S specific information on social prescription implementation and mental health literacy programs. Existing fragmented activities lack structure and formalization. The absence of mental health promotion initiatives and studies further underscores the pressing mental health challenges. These gaps highlight the necessity for a new community care model like RECONNECTED‘s digital support system, indicating its potential significance in addressing Kosovo‘s mental health needs and implementation barriers. Keywords: reconnected, project, mental health, digital, implementation, Kosovo 75 B I T INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF PARENTS T OOK H 'S A E 1 TRAUMATIC STRESS AND CHILD EDUCATION AND O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES: PROMOTING INNER S N E T U O R A P A L STRENGHT AND RESILIENCE L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Sara Jerebic, Assistant Professor NC E E Faculty of Theology University of Ljubljana, Slovenia R O V F I E C Jasminka Zloković, Professor E O UR Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Rijeka, Croatia F S OP U E’ S S TA SC I ABSTRACT N IE A NC B Scientific research confirms that parents traumatic experiences can be passed on to children, I E L S IT A thus affecting their emotional and behavioral well-being and academic performance as well Y A NDN as their overall functioning. Children exposed to unprocessed parental traumas are more A D D RT prone to internalize and externalize behavioral issues such as anxiety, aggression, problems I S G L N with concentration, and social interactions. Difficulties in managing stress often occur, which E I A T D Y can affect mental health, academic performance, and the development of socially accepted ERS behaviors. At school, this can be reflected in problems with adaptation to the learning enviAN ronment, reduced motivation, mistrust in relationships with peers and teachers, and reduced D S ability to concentrate. Children who have been exposed to parental trauma often have prob-CHOL lems with self-regulation, which can make the learning process and overall development of A the child difficult. Understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of intergenerational sequelae RS of traumatic stress is key to developing tailored pedagogical approaches that take into account the child‘s emotional well-being and provide a supportive environment. Holistic cooperation between educational staff (teachers, pedagogues, psychologists, principals), parents, and mental health experts (family centers, health institutions, etc.) is essential for identifying and providing appropriate, timely, and professional help to eliminate or minimize the consequences of trauma transmitted to children. Keywords: parent trauma, intergenerational transmission, traumatic stress, mental health, education 76 SLEEP AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR MENTAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 HEALTH IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: ANALYTICAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Adelina Kakija, PhD, Lecturer 02 F 4 E Denalda Bashota, Student : I RE N S NC University of Shkodra „Luigj Gurakuqi“, Albania E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP Seeing that the number of attendance in the first hours of university lectures was limited, fol-U E’ S S TA S lowed by loss of attention and general fatigue for the next hours, intrigued the initiative to un-C IN IE dertake a study about this phenomenon . The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-as-A NC B sessment questionnaire which indicates sleep quality and disturbances within an interval of 1 I E L S IT A month. General Health Questionnaire is a mental health instrument which contains 12 items that Y A NDN designate respondent’s psychological distress. The study is an analytical cross-sectional study A D D RT with self-report questionnaires as main measuring instruments. The number of participants conI S G L N sists of 226 students of Shkodra (N=226). From the data collected the global PSQI mean score was E I A T D Y 8,38 (Mean=8,38), that shows a “poor” sleep quality among students. The total GHQ-12 mean ERS score resulted 14,78 (Mean=14,78), which indicates signs of psychological distress in students. AN To observe if sleep disturbances and psychological distress are correlated, Pearson’s Correlation D S was calculated with a result of approximately 0.42 (r=.419; p<0.05). Other statistical calculations CHOL where applied such as Reliability (Cronbach’s α =.703 for PSQI; Cronbach’s α=.87 FOR GHQ-12 ) and A Internal Validity (KMO Bartlett test value=.73 for PSQI; KMO Bartlett test value=.86 for GHQ-12). RS Keywords: sleep, mental health, students, psychological distress 77 B I T PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACHES AS HELP T OOK H 'S A E 1 FOR SOLVING THE CHALLENGE OF RISKY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B ONLINE BEHAVIOURS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Nataša Demšar Pečak, PhD 2 F 4 E : I R Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Matters and Equal Opportunities, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR The article sheds light on the importance of the safety and protection of children and their fam-F S OP U E’ ilies in a digital environment. Children are a very vulnerable group of the population and often S S TA S lack the experience and knowledge to be able to assess the risk and consequences of the digital C IN IE environment. With the two surveys and their comparison, we wanted to check whether the num-A NC BI E ber of users of the digital environment and consequently the number of inclusions in psychoso-L S IT A Y A cial programs to help those addicted to digital devices, increased during the pandemic period. ND N A Based on the obtained data, we found an increase in users in the digital environment, which is D D RT especially typical during the pandemic. We have also addressed important points of departure I S G L N E for the formulation of policies and thus appropriate intervention approaches that would enable I A T D Y the resolution of the challenge in this area. With this contribution, we also highlight the impor-ERS tance of free psychosocial intervention programs financed by the Ministry of Labour, Family, So-AN cial Affairs, and Equal Opportunities. A program dedicated to offering individual professional and D S group help to those addicted to digital devices, LogOut, was also presented. The use of ICT is an CHOL important tool in the lives of children in achieving education, socialization, and inclusion, but at AR the same time its use can expose them to risk, exploitation, and abuse, so it is necessary to raise S awareness and train both children and their parents in the safe use of the digital environment and provide them psychosocial assistance. Keywords: safety, addiction, digital environment, children, intervention programs, addiction 78 MENTAL HEALTH AND A MEANINGFUL LIFE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 FOR SLOVENIAN ADOLESCENTS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Jasmina Kristovič, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O The World Health Organisation is working to develop a range of strategies to halt the years-long V F I E C rise in mental health problems. The period of adolescence brings many changes and challenges E O UR for parents and adolescents. The reasons why mental disorders occur in children and adolescents F S OP U E’ are not straightforward. Many studies show that the number of children and adolescents with S S TA S mental health problems is increasing over the years. Globally, 10% of children and adolescents C IN IE experience a mental disorder, but most of them do not seek help or receive care. A NC BI E L S We conducted a quantitative survey among Slovenian adolescents. The aim of the research was IT A Y A N to find out to what extent Slovenian adolescents perceive their lives as meaningful and to what D N A D D extent they are already in an existential crisis or existential vacuum. 409 respondents took part RT I S in the survey. The standardised instrument used was The Purpose in Life Test, which is used to G L N E I A measure the meaning of life. Psychometric indicators showed that 1/3 of the students were ex-T D Y E periencing an existential crisis and less than 1/3 considered their life to be meaningful. RS A Science and professionals often overlook the fact that mental health problems, the lack of pur-ND S pose in life and satisfaction are caused by a dysfunctional lifestyle and various problems (rela-CHOL tionships, education, violence, addiction, etc.) within the family. A The research was carried out in the framework of the project Holistic Educational Process and RS Mental Health Promotion, funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS), the International Institute of Psychotherapy and Applied Psychology and Alma Mater Europaea - ECM. Keywords: positive mental health, mental disorders, meaning of life, logotherapy, adolescents 79 B I T T EXPERT PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L MINDFULNESS APPROACH IN SHAPING CONCEPTS L C C E 2 T ON S 0 OF INTERPRETING HOUSE MUSEUMS 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O V Matjaž Koman, General Manager F I E CE O U Žirovnica Institute for Tourism and Culture, Slovenia R F S OP U E’ S S TA S ABSTRACT C IN IE A NC The study is developing a thematic framework and guidelines for contemporary sustainable in-BI E L terpretation models in museum houses, with an emphasis on a mindful approach. Mindfulness is S IT A Y A N becoming increasingly popular in museums as a means of promoting mental health and creating a D N A comprehensive experience of artistic, historical, or thematic exploration. Mindfulness encourages D D RT visitors to connect with the past presented by the museum, allowing them to discover themselves. I S G L N E I A Modern interpretation strategies not only enable the experience of the material dimension of T D Y E historical architecture but also provide a holistic experience of culture, heritage, and authen-RS A ticity at a specific destination while promoting sustainability. House-Museums reflect the local ND community and nation, serving as places for preserving collective memory. In the fast pace of SCHOL globalization, community members recognize them as the last refuge against the loss of specificity and diversity. ARS Understanding the complex messages in House-Museums requires a mindful approach, as they cannot be fully comprehended solely through rational means. Holistic heritage experiences, supporting individuals in their physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions, should be a key priority for every museum. New approaches to the interpretation of House-Museums are needed to establish socio-social connections and communication between societies of the past, present, and future. The study will be based on the first house transformed into a museum in Slovenia in 1939 – the Prešeren‘s birth house. Today, it is considered the most visited museum of its kind in Slovenia and represents a representative model in shaping the interpretation of House-Museums in the country. Keywords: house museums, interpretation, Prešeren‘s birth house, mindfulness 80 INTEGRITY: THE CORE OF DIGNITY B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN TEACHER EDUCATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Erika Ašič, Expert A P A L L C C E 2 DKPS - Association of Catholic Educators of Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Respecting human integrity paves the way for honouring an individual‘s dignity. The role of a V F I E C teacher is paramount. When teachers are conscious of their own integrity, they naturally per-E O UR ceive children as holistic beings, thereby extending respect to every aspect of their dignity. F S OP U E’ In this paper, I provide an analytical summary of three perspectives on the human condition, as S S TA SC articulated by contemporaries who lived through the tumultuous times of the two World Wars: IN IE A NC Viktor Emanuel Frankl (1905–1997), Ruth Cohn (1912–2010), and Franc Pediček (1922–2008). BI E L S Amidst an era marked by the trampling of human dignity, these three thinkers paved the way for IT A Y A N a holistic understanding of the human personality. D N A D D R I provide a review of the fundamental guidelines for teacher education within the European and T I S G L Slovenian context. Additionally, I conducted a minor qualitative research study among third-year N E I A T pedagogic course students. My inquiry focuses on assessing their comprehension of integral per-D Y ER sonality and dignity, their awareness of personal integrity, and exploring their understanding of S A the foundational concepts within the spiritual dimension. ND S I am thus attempting to gain insight into the current situation at the Faculty of Pedagogy and assess CHOL the extent to which it aligns with the guidelines of European and Slovenian documents, as well as A the concept of human integrity. I am particularly interested in the area of the spiritual dimension, RS which appears to be overlooked; although it is an important aspect of human well-being. Keywords: dignity, holistic personality, research, spiritual dimension, teacher 81 HIGHER EDUCATION THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Jurij Toplak, Professor T P N BS N E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T U O R A P A L Fordham University, USA L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E European University Alliances now consist of 50 networks of universities from different Europe- : I RE N S NC an countries, including 430 higher education institutions across 35 countries with around 1700 E E R O associated partners from EU and non-EU universities. These alliances play a crucial role in build-V F I E C ing the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area, supported and funded E O UR by the EU. Strengthening their connections, alliances aim to gain a collaborative advantage over F S OP U E’ non-member universities, potentially enhancing the competitiveness of European universities S S TA S globally and within the European research market. C IN IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 85 B I T TAKING THE EUROPEAN COOPERATION T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN HIGHER EDUCATION TO THE NEXT LEVEL - O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B WHAT DOES IT TAKE? S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Nadia Manzoni, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R Central European University, Hungary E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR Nadia Manzoni contextualised the European Universities Initiative against the background of the F S OP U E’ history of European cooperation in higher education. Establishing European University Alliances S S TA S has triggered a new policy dynamic at the European level, with new opportunities for universi-C IN IE ties and stakeholders to influence directly and co-create EU-level policies in higher education. A NC BI E This unprecedented level of international cooperation among universities has thrown up the L S IT A Y A need for EU Member States to discuss the big questions regarding the terms of the relationship ND N A between universities and the nation-state, in particular, the sources of funding for „European-D D RT ised“ education and ways of regulating the quality of joint educational provision. I S G L N E Keywords: Europeanisation of higher education, state-university relations, history of European I A T D Y E cooperation in education, university politics, higher education policies RS AND SCHOL ARS 86 THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES INITIATIVE: B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 BETWEEN STATUS HIERARCHIES AND INCLUSION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Agata Lambrechts, Postdoctoral Researcher A P A L L C C E 2 Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Using a dataset of higher education institutional alliances within the framework of the European V F I E C University initiative (Eui), we tested empirically whether the policy-defined goal of a relative E O UR balance between excellence and inclusiveness within the scheme has been achieved. Specifi-F S OP U E’ cally, we provide a descriptive and analytical account of the diversity of the higher education S S TA S institutions participating in the EUi, the composition of- as well as the mechanisms behind the C IN IE formation of individual alliances. Our findings suggest that existing hierarchies within European A NC BI E higher education have largely been replicated in the EUi. We found that global university rankL S IT A Y A ings significantly influence individual institutions‘ participation and, to a lesser extent, alliance ND N A composition. Additionally, we observed that existing collaborative ties played a strong role in al-D D RT liance formation. However, we acknowledge the positive impact of specific EUi design elements. I S G L N E We found that the requirement for broad geographical coverage and open participation rules I A T D Y have facilitated the involvement of lower-ranked institutions, expanding the initiative beyond ERS the core group of prestigious research universities. These observations highlight the potential AN influence of design choices on the future of the EUi, particularly as the initiative seeks to expand. D SC Keywords: European Universities initiative, transnational collaboration in higher education, HOL higher education stratification, higher education policy, higher education institutions ARS 87 B I T COMPARING THE 50 EUROPEAN T OOK H 'S A E 1 UNIVERSITY ALLIANCES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Jurij Toplak, Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F Fordham University, USA 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U My goal was to compare and rank the 50 existing alliances. Which are the top alliances based on R F S OP their members and members rank in global rankings? Comparing and ranking universities is a U E’ S S controversial topic. Higher education comparisons and rankings play a significant role in helping TA SC I future students navigate the complex landscape of higher education institutions. These rankings N IE A NC B provide simplified, sometimes controversial methods of comparing universities across various I E L S I dimensions, such as reputation, faculty, student ratio, citations per faculty, and international facT A Y A ND ulty ratio. So ranking is a simplified form, a subgroup of comparing. There is a lot of criticism, N A D D R but comparisons and rankings can be highly beneficial. Methodologically speaking, I used three T I S G L existing global rankings: Times Higher Education, QS, and Shanghai ranking, each with a unique N E I A T approach. Based on these three rankings, I focused on the presence of alliance member univer-D Y ER sities in the top 100 and the top 500 in any of the three global rankings, so I counted the number S A for each alliance. The top universities tend to partner with other top universities from Western ND Europe and then add some top universities from Eastern Europe into their group. Then, the low-SCHOL er-ranked Western universities work together and add a bit of lower and Eastern European universities to their group. The ranking of universities and alliances matters. It is the best simple ARS indicator of quality. Keywords: European University Alliances, global rankings, Times Higher Education, QS, Shanghai ranking, comparing 88 PHYSIOTHERAPY B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A THE EFFECTS OF MEDICAL STAY COMBINED L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 WITH SPELEOTHERAPY ON THE PULMONARY 2 F 4 E : I RE FUNCTION AND EXERCISE TOLERANCE IN N S NC E E R O CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA V F I E CE O URF SOP Sylwia Metel, PhD, Lecturer U E’ S S TA S Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland C IN IE A NC Paweł Janus, Lecturer BI E L S Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland IT A Y A ND Magdalena Dyda, Expert N A D D R Sanatorium Edel Zlaté Hory, Czechia T I S G L N E I A T D Y ABSTRACT ERS A Backgrounds: Asthma is the leading cause of chronic disease and missed school days in children. ND The aim of the study was to evaluate the pulmonary function and exercise tolerance of the chil-SC dren with asthma who underwent speleotherapeutic intervention - STI between January 2022 HOL and October 2023 in Sanatorium Edel in Zlaté Hory. ARS Methods: 415 patients with clinical diagnosis of asthma (J45.9, J45.0, J45, J45.8, J45.1) were enrolled to the study. They attended the rehabilitation and treatment stay with medial length of 32 days combined with at average 15 speleotherapy sessions. The spirometry parameters, exhaled nitric oxide – FeNO and 6-Minutes Walking Test - 6MWT were measured before and after STI. Results: 252 patients aged between 4 - 18 years with mean age 8.56±3.13 years who completed the STI and the tests were included in the analysis. The mean spirometry difference in percent predicted before and after STI was PEF = 3.38 %, p=0.000 and FEV1 =1,07 %, p=0,047. In the results of FeNO the mean difference was 9,8ppb, p=0,000 and in 6MWT the distance increased by 18,51m after the speleotherapeutic stay. Conclusions: The medical stay combined with speleotherapy positively influence on the pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in children with asthma. Keywords: asthma, children, subterranean therapy, 6MWT, exhaled nitric oxide 93 B I T MANAGEMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN HEALTH PROMOTION AND HEALTH EDUCATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B CENTRES IN SLOVENIA S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Aleša Kukovica, Expert 2 F 4 E : I RE Andrea Backović Juričan, Senior Lecturer N S NC E E Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care, Slovenia R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Introduction: For the prevention and conservative treatment of stress urinary incontinence the S S TA SC pelvic floor muscle and bladder training including lifestyle change is important. In Slovenia, be-IN IE A NC haviour change counselling is provided in health promotion centres (HPC) and health education BI E L S centres (HEC). IT A Y A ND Research problem: The main goal of this study was to obtain data on the share of adults with N A D D R stress urinary incontinence, identify the most frequent target group and most commonly the T I S G L management strategies in HPC/HEC. N E I A T D Y Methods: The survey was based on the quantitative method using a specially designed reliable ERS online questionnaire available from March 14th till May 19th 2022 for physiotherapists and kine-AN siologists in HPC/HEC. We collected 43 completed questionnaires (53% responsiveness). The data D S were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and analysed using descriptive statistics. CHOL Results: The most common detected forms of incontinence in HPC/HEC are stress and mixed uri-AR nary incontinence. The share of adults suffering ranges from 40% to 59% and they are most com-S monly treated with pelvic floor muscle training. Discussion: Stress urinary incontinence represents a moderate to severe life problem, which can be managed successfully on primary health care level. When there is no improvement, it is important to direct the patient to other specialists. Keywords: stress urinary incontinence, target groups, adults, primary health care, pelvic floor muscle training 94 RANSLATION, ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 THE LOWER EXTREMITY FUNCTIONAL SCALE (LEFS) O B 2 O th F A U A T P N FOR THE PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDIC PATIENT BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Nicole Perrone, Expert 02 F Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Degree in Physiotherapy, University of Trieste, Italy 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Introduction: In pediatric trauma, the lower limbs turn out to be the most involved, going to re-R F S OP sult in highly variable outcomes, which can compromise the subjects‘ level of participation in U E’ S S activities of daily living. In order to ensure the implementation of an effective individualized re-TA SC I habilitation plan, the evaluation of the patient is essential, to highlight the major deficits. In the N IE A NC B orthopedic field, there are no validated functional assessment scales for the pediatric population I E L S I specific to the lower limb. In the literature there is evidence of the Lower Extremity Functional T A Y A ND Scale (LEFS), translated, N A D D R adapted and validated in Italian for the adult patient. The objective of the study is to translate, T I S G L adapt, and validate the LEFS scale for the pediatric orthopedic population to provide a validated N E I A T D tool for use in clinical practice. Y ERS Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between October 2022 and October 2023, at AN the IRCCS Burlo Garofolo in Trieste. Starting from the Italian version of the scale, the items were D SC adapted to the pediatric population. It was administered to a sample with access to the Physioki-HOL nesitherapy Service, with a doctor‘s prescription, for any orthopedic problem at the lower limb AR level. The sample consisted of 69 total subjects; a second sample, consisting of 14 subjects, was S given the assessment a second time within 48 hours to calculate its validity in the test-retest. Results: The results obtained from statistical analysis of the data are a Cronbach‘s Alpha of 0.94; ICC of 0.97 (c.i. 0.89 - 0.99); Spearman‘s rank correlation coefficient with the Visuo-Analog Scale (VAS) of -0.333 (p-value 0.00521). Conclusions: Based on the empirical results obtained, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale can be an extremely effective tool for functional assessment of the lower extremity in the pediatric orthopedic patient. Keywords: pediatric, lower limbs, orthopedic, rehabilitation 95 B I T EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH AND T OOK H 'S A E 1 MOBILITY PARAMETERS OF THE VOLLEYBALL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B PLAYER‘S SHOULDER S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Claudio Morelli, Expert 2 F 4 E : I R Private Physiotherapy Practice in Rome, Italy E N S NC E E Francesco Frontani, Lecturer R O V F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia I E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC Background. The shoulder is the fifth highest incidence injury in volleyball and is categorized as IN IE A NC an overuse pain. Today (September 2022), normative values of strength, ROM, and shoulder ratio BI E L S of volleyball players, with or without pain are not known. IT A Y A ND Objective. The objective of this study is to search for normative values, divided by age, group N A D D R and gender. T I S G L N Design. Prospective longitudinal study. All measurements were made inside a volleyball court. E I A T D Y E Population. Sixty-seven boys aged 12 to 32 years were evaluated. RS A Methods. Two strength assessments were made per arm in extra rotation, two in intra rotation, by ND HHD, and one measurement of Rom of rotation, by inclinometer. Two assessments were performed SCHOL per athlete at the beginning and end of the season, and both were preceded by a questionnaire. A Results. Tables containing normative values were created, divided by age (u13, u15, u17, u19, se-RS riesB). In addition, values of subjects with pain and subjects without pain were compared. Rom, strength in intra rotation and extra rotation, force ratios change in a statistically significant way both between groups and within the same group. Discussion. ERG (gain external rotation) begins at 15 years but strength deficits, especially in AbEr shoulder position are already visible at 13 years. In the u19 and series B groups, the increase in ROM in extra rotation and the loss of strength in extra rotation is evident. We believe that the main cause is the high number of attacks carried out in volleyball careers. Conclusion. Our study specifies normative values for the shoulders of groups u13, u15, u17, u19 but not series B. Our data affirm that alterations in Rom and Strength alone do not justify the presence of shoulder pain in volleyball players. A larger sampling of athletes would allow for normative values and comparison values between athletes with and without pain of better quality. Keywords: shoulder, volleyball, strength, ROM, parameters 96 COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF A HOME-BASED TREATMENT BETWEEN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N APP OR VERBAL EXPLANATION IN PATIENTS BS N E T U O R A P WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS. A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 A PILOT STUDY 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Cristina Argentieri, PhD R O V F I E Saint Camillus International University, Italy CE O UR Francesco Frontani, Lecturer F S OP U E’ Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia S S TA SC I Giovanni Galeoto, PhD N IE A NC B Saint Camillus International University, Italy I E L S IT A Gianfranco Albergo, PhD Y A NDN A Dentoral, Associate Practice of Dentistry, Italy D D RTISG LNEIA ABSTRACT T D Y ER Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) represent a spectrum of clinical dysfunctions S A which occur to involve masticatory muscles, the joint itself and its associated structure. Quality of ND S life seems to be affected by these disorders, and a direct correlation between temporomandibu-CHOL lar disorders and a lower quality of life was demonstrated. The goal of this study was to evaluate A the effectiveness of a protocol of exercises for the TMD comparing standard protocol to a protocol RS proposed with a mobile application, the MedicApp. Methods: Participants were randomized in two groups with a ratio of 1:1. All the patients were assessed by a physician, and a routine of protocolled exercises were assigned for the following six weeks. Two follow-ups were set up every three weeks after the first examination. Different outcome measures were analysed: Centrality Of Pain Scale, Tampa scale, and Self Efficacy for exercise, articular and muscular pain in VAS. The statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon rank test; lastly it has been used the Delta measure and the ANOVA for the repeated measure. Results: Group 1 achieved the most noteworthy results in muscular pain in VAS, showing statistical significant difference variables in all the tests and measures applied. The most remarkable values arise from the ANOVA measures p=0.007287; 0.00000002654; and 0.024057, respectively, from the variables Time, Group and Time+Group. Statistically significant different were showed through the ANOVA on TAMPA scale (p=0.0000003078), Mastication (JFLs) (p=0.0001002), Mobility (JFLs) (p=0.0001985), COPS (p=0.00006605), Articular pain in VAS (p=0.00005465), JFLs total score (p=0.0000186) and SEE (T1-T2) (p=0.0008395; 0.0075493). Conclusions: There was a difference between groups considering different outcome measures, mainly favouring telerehabilitation through the MedicApp. This is a pilot study, so more intensive research is needed on this subject to clarify the effectiveness of telerehabilitation intervention in patients with TMD. However, the results seem encouraging. Keywords: ATM, telerehabilitation, pilot study, rehabilitation 97 B I T CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY MIMICKING A T OOK H 'S A E 1 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE: A CASE REPORT O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B OF AN EARLY-ONSET PARKINSON’S DISEASE S N E T U O R A P A L DIAGNOSIS IN A MIDDLE-AGED WOMAN L C C E 2 T ON S 0 IDENTIFIED VIA HYPERHIDROSIS 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O Mirko Zitti, Lecturer V F I E C Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E O UR F S OP University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy U E’ I.R.C.C.S. San Camillo Hospital, Italy S S TA SC I Alessandro Andreani, PhD N IE A NC B PT OMPT MSC University of Molise Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, Italy I E L S IT A Y A Daniele De Patre, PhD ND N A PT MSC NeuroRiab Rehabilitation Center, Italy D D RTIS Giorgia Pregnolato, PhD Candidate G L N E I A I.R.C.C.S. San Camillo Hospital, Italy T D Y ER Luisa Cacciante, PhD S AN I.R.C.C.S. San Camillo Hospital, Italy D SCHOL ABSTRACT ARS Background: Parkinson‘s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, which have an important impact on patients’ autonomy and quality of life (Qol) levels. Basically, the PD diagnosis is clinical and in some case it is hard to be diagnosed, due to the heterogeneity of the symptoms. Case description: A 58-year-old woman who, during the lockdown, referred to experience slight tremor and stiffness in her left hand during resting state, but without any other associated symptoms. Firstly, after consulting a general practitioner(GP), the patient was diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy (CR), characterized by essential tremor and stiffness to the hand. Nevertheless, during the initial physiotherapy evaluation, the motor symptoms did not fully align with the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. For this reason, the presence of non-motor symptoms was deeply investigated. Notably, hyperhidrosis was identified as a significant non-motor symptom, leading to the patient‘s subsequent referral to a neurologist, who finally diagnosed PD. Conclusion: This case report underscores the fundamental role of physiotherapists in conducting independent assessments and comprehensive investigations of all patients’ symptoms, even when a medical diagnosis has already been established. This is particularly crucial when there is suspicion that musculoskeletal symptoms may be indicative of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD, that is well-known for its extensive array of non-motor symptoms. Especially in women with PD, non-motor symptoms tend to emerge earlier and in a more subtle manner than motor symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. Therefore, a meticulous anamnestic data collection is essential, especially by physiotherapists operating in direct access. Keywords: Parkinson disease, Cervical Radiculopathy, Hyperidrosis, screening for referral, case report 98 WHICH TYPES OF MOTOR CONTROL EXERCISES B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ARE MOST USED TO MODIFY PAIN IN THE SHORT O B 2 O th F A U A T P N TERM IN PATIENTS WITH PELVIC GIRDLE PAIN: A BS N E T U O R A P NARRATIVE REVIEW A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Alessandro Mantia, PhD E N S NC E E Mirko Zitti, Lecturer R O V F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia I E CE O UR University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy F S OP I.R.C.C.S. San Camillo Hospital, Italy U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC ABSTRACT BI E L S Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a pain described in the literature as a subgroup of low IT A Y A N back pain (LBP) that manifests itself with pain perceived between the posterior iliac crest and the D N A D D gluteal folds, particularly in proximity to the sacroiliac joints. There are different intervention RT I S modalities available in the literature, however the aim of our study focused on the effectiveness G L N E I A of motor control (MC) exercises in reducing pain in the short term, and whether these really have T D Y E the characteristics to stimulate MC. RS A Materials and Methods: The narrative review was carried out by searching various medical-re-ND S habilitation databases (pubmed, cochrane, PEDro database, scopus, EMBASE, Web Of Science). CHOL The research was carried out taking into consideration different study designs (i.e. systematic A reviews and RCTs) published between 2013 and 2023. RS Results: Five studies were included (including 4 RCTs and 1 systematic review). From the analysis carried out, it was highlighted that the exercises used to date appear to be not very specific and structured, not following the dictates proposed by the various motor control theories. Conclusions: The data currently available to us and the structuring of the various exercises not in line with the various theories do not allow us to establish with certainty their effectiveness in the short term, there will be a need for further studies in the future to investigate their real effectiveness Keywords: motor control, pelvic girdle pain, short-term pain 99 B I T TESTING OF A SPECIFIC REHABILITATION PROTOCOL T OOK H 'S A E 1 FOR COORDINATION OF PARKINSONIAN SUBJECTS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Andrea Ricci, Teaching Assistant L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Objective: To explore the effectiveness of a complex rehabilitation protocol for Parkinson‘s disI E CE O U ease using the neurocognitive method. R F S OP Design: Longitudinal study including cognitive, motor tests, and perceptual assessments at the U E’ S S TA S beginning and end of the treatment period. C IN IE Methods: The protocol included exercises for motor and visuomotor coordination, improvement A NC BI E of peripheral vision, gesture simultaneity, and walking. Patients were assessed using a specific L S IT A Y A evaluation form, which covered cognitive, motor, and perceptual aspects. ND N A D D Results: Results showed significant improvements in general cognitive abilities, motor and visuo-RT I S motor coordination, peripheral vision, and gait. An increase in accuracy and quality of movement G L N E I A execution was observed, with improvements in physical awareness. T D Y ER Conclusion: The rehabilitation protocol has been shown to be effective in improving not only mo-S A tor skills but also the cognitive and perceptual abilities of patients with Parkinson‘s disease. The ND S results suggest that a multidisciplinary approach using the neurocognitive method can provide CHOL significant benefits in the overall treatment of the disease. A Keywords: Parkinson‘s rehabilitation, motor coordination, neurocognitive method, peripheral RS vision, ambulation 100 THE USE OF REMO WEARABLE FOR HAND MOTOR B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 RECOVERY AFTER STROKE: PRELIMINARY DATA O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Giorgia Pregnolato, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 Laboratory of Technologies for Healthcare Innovation, I.R.C.C.S. San Camillo Hospital, Italy T ON S 02 F Luigi Privitera, PhD Candidate 4 E : I RE School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Italy N S NC E E R O Paolo Ariano, Expert V F I E C Morecognition Ltd, Italy E O UR F S OP U E’ S S ABSTRACT TA SC IN IE The use of wearable devices in rehabilitation has been growing up, in order to provide data to A NC B the physiotherapist related to the patient‘s motor performance. Moreover, wearables provide I E L S IT A immediate feedback to patients with respect to their muscle activity while performing move-Y A ND ment. In collaboration with the company Morecognition Srl (Turin, Italy) we have developed the N A D D R wearable REMO. It is composed of 8 electrodes that record surface electromyography of forearm T I S G L muscles in order to control a rehabilitation interface (PC, smartphone) during the execution of N E I A T D hand gestures. In this study we reported preliminary data (ten patients were enrolled) from a Y ER randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of REMO in hand motor recovery af-S AN ter stroke. The treatment consisted of 15 task-specific training sessions provided by REMO (Ex-D S perimental Group, GS) or in a conventional setting (Control Group, GC). The results showed im-CHOL provement in upper limb motor function in all patients (Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity A score, FMA-UE: T0=32.4 ± 9.9; T1=40.3 ± 8.7; Δ=7.9 ± 4.8, p=0.008) but no difference in comparison RS between the two types of treatment (ΔFMA-UE: ΔGS=5.5±3.3, ΔGC=11.7±4.6, p=0.095). Preliminary results showed that specific functional treatment for manual recovery was effective in the stroke patients, although there was no difference in the use of REMO. Further data are needed to identify the patient who may benefit most from the treatment with REMO. Keywords: stroke, neurorehabilitation, wearable device, motor recovery, upper extremity 101 B I T SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIARTICULAR T OOK H 'S A E 1 MUSCLESKELETAL INJURIES OF THE HIP IN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Loris Perticarini, PhD 2 F 4 E : I R Poliambulance Foundation Brescia, Italy E N S NC E E Luca Andriollo, PhD R O V F Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy I E CE O UR Francesco Benazzo, Professor F S OP U E’ IUSS University of Pavia, Italy S S TA SC IN IE A NC ABSTRACT BI E L S IT A Between January 2021 and September 2023, 13 professional athletes were operated on for per-Y A ND iarticular tendon detachment of the hip. In 6 cases it was adductor longus detachment, in 5 cases N A D D R biceps femoris detachment and in 2 cases rectus femoris detachment. 8 patients were football-T I S G L ers, 4 sprinters from the national athletics team and 1 triathlete. The mean age of patients was N E I A T D 31 years. The mean duration of the intervention was 1 hour and 5 minutes. The mean follow-up Y ER was 15 months (minimum 4, maximum 36). S AN The patients were operated under spinal anesthesia, longitudinal access centered on the lesion, D S extended for about 10 cm, the tendon was revised with removal of the areas of degeneration CHOL and reinserted with a 4.5 mm metal anchor after bone debridement. AR After surgery partial weight bearing was allowed to tolerance with crutches for 15 days, with S immediate hip mobilization, avoiding stretching of the reinserted muscle for 20 days. At 15 days isometric strengthening exercises were started. After 3 weeks was allowed to start eccentric exercises, which increased over time. Resumption of running was granted after 1 month on average. Full resumption of sporting activity was granted on average 2.5 months after surgery. Keywords: tendon tear, sport medicine, adductor, hamstring, rectus femori 102 B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B INSIGHTS INTO MUSCLE HEALTH: ADVANCEMENTS S N E T U O R A P A L L IN SARCOPENIA RESEARCH C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY V F I E CE O U INTERVENTIONS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH R F S OP U E’ SARCOPENIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW S S TA SC IN IE A NC B Tine Kovačič, Assistant Professor I E L S IT A Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Y A ND Education, Work and Care Centre Dobrna (CUDV Dobrna), Slovenia N A D D RT Miha Kovačič, Professor I S G L N E Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia I A T D Y E Štore Steel, Slovenia RS A College of Industrial Ingeeniring Celje, Slovenia ND SCHOL ABSTRACT A Objective/background: To compare the results of different physiotherapy interventions (PTI) on RS the sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in older adults. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in addressing sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. Methods: Search strategy included older adults and sarcopenia MeSh, performed at PEDro, PubMed, MEDLINE databases. . 388 studies were found. Selected studies include older adults, submitted to physical training (Intervention Group: IG) compared to control groups (CG).A meticulous literature search identified 10 studies meeting inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published up to December 2023. Physiotherapy interventions encompassed a diverse array, including resistance training, aerobic exercise, balance and coordination exercises, and nutritional supplementation. Results: PRISMA showed high methodological quality based on PEDro scale and CASP check-lists. Findings of included studies suggest a favourable impact of physiotherapy on sarcopenia outcomes. The included studies reported significant improvements in muscle mass, strength, and functional performance among participants undergoing diverse physiotherapy interventions such as aerobic training, resistance training functional training. Conclusion: This systematic review contributes valuable insights to the current understanding of sarcopenia management, emphasizing the potential role of physiotherapy interventions. The results have implications for clinicians, physiotherapists, and healthcare providers, highlighting the importance of incorporating targeted physiotherapy strategies into comprehensive sarcopenia management plans. Further high quality studies are warranted to refine intervention protocols, investigate long-term sustainability of outcomes, and inform evidence-based guidelines for optimizing the impact of physiotherapy in the multifaceted management of sarcopenia. Keywords: systematic review, osteopenia, physiotherapy effectiveness 103 B I T PREVALENCE OF SARCOPENIA IN T OOK H 'S A E 1 SLOVENIAN OLDER ADULTS: COMPARISON O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B OF CLASSIFICATION PROTOCOLS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Katarina Puš, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R IKARUS – Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F Boštjan Šimunić, PhD, Researcher I E CE O U IKARUS – Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia R F S OP U E’ S S TA S ABSTRACT C IN IE A NC Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease that affects between 20 and 27 % of the aged popula-BI E L S tion, depending on the used classification protocol. To date, despite the burden of the disease, IT A Y A N there is no unified protocol to be used in clinical practice. There are different protocols in use, D N A D D for European population most used are two (2010 and 2019) from European Working Group on RT I S Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). The aim of our study is to present agreement between the G L N E I A two EWGSOP sarcopenia classification protocols on Slovenian older adults. T D Y ER Our sample consisted of 623 participants (>60 years), without any acute illnesses and they have S A been classified into sarcopenia and its‘ severity according to EWGSOP (2010) and EWGSOP2 ND S (2019) protocols. CHOL EWGSOP classified 72.1 % participants as non-sarcopenic, 15.7 % as presarcopenic, 6.3 % as sarco-A penic and 5.9 % as severely sarcopenic while EWGSOP2 classified 72.9 % as non-sarcopenic, 20.5 % RS as presarcopenic, 2.9 % as sarcopenic and 3.7 % as severely sarcopenic. Agreement between the protocols was low (Cohen κ = .099). Even though the same group issued both classification protocols, the agreement between them was low, emphasizing the need for standardized criteria in assessing sarcopenia to ensure consistency in diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: sarcopenia, sarcopenia classification, older adults, prevalence, reliability 104 CORRELATION BETWEEN TENSIOMYOGRAPHY B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND SARCOPENIA CLASSIFICATION MEASURES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Boštjan Šimunić, PhD, Researcher A P A L L C C E 2 IKARUS – Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia T ON S 02 F Katarina Puš, PhD Candidate 4 E : I RE IKARUS – Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia N S NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ S S Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of sarcopenia is 20-27 %, in Slovenia 6.6-12.2 %, de-TA SC pending on the classification protocol. Importantly, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in IN IE A NC Older People (EWGSOP) in 2019 included muscle quality at the conformational level of sarcope-BI E L S I nia. Muscle quality is a relatively new term, referring to both micro- and macroscopic changes T A Y A N in muscle architecture and composition. Because of technical limitations muscle quality remain D N A D D challenging as primary parameter to define sarcopenia. However, Tensiomyography-derived pa-RT I S rameters were previously confirmed to correlate to muscle architecture change after atrophy G L N E I A and to muscle fibre composition. We aimed to correlate tensiomyography-derived parameters T D Y E to sarcopenia classification tests. RS A Methods: In a sample of 623 participants (> 60 years) we assessed sarcopenia classification tests ND S (sit to stand, timed up and go, gait speed) and tensiomyographic parameters in vastus lateralis CHOL (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and biceps femoris (BF). A Results: We found that tensiomyographic delay time and amplitude consistently were negatively RS correlated to sarcopenia tests in all three muscles. Correlations were low to moderate. Discussion: Tensiomyography derived contractile parameters offer promising potential for muscle quality evaluation in sarcopenia classification. Keywords: sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, sensiomyography, atrophy, TMG 105 B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B NEUROSCIENCE OF MOVEMENT S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IRE NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATION TO DISUSE – N S NC E E R O FROM SPACE TO CLINIC V F I E CE O URF SOPUE’ Ramona Ritzmann, PhD S S TA S Praxisklinik Rennbahn AG, Germany C IN IE A NC BI E L S I ABSTRACT T A Y A ND The long-term unloading of the neuromuscular system during spaceflight has detrimental N A D D R functional and morphological effects. Chronic changes in the structural and mechanical prop-T I S G L erties of the musculature as well as neuroplastic changes at the spinal and supraspinal level N E I A T D have been identified in pivotal studies over the last decade. Deficits in sensorimotor control Y ER and atrophy of the load-bearing musculature are the most striking symptoms that demonS AN strate the inevitable interactions between the neural and muscular systems during adaptation D S to weightlessness in space. CHOL Space science and medical science do not have an obvious connection although the conjunc-AR tion holds the promise to drive valuable synergies: transfer effects from highly controlled space S analog studies are of paramount importance to the clinical domain, and the results can be applied to hospitalized or immobilized patients following indication-specific medical treatments or surgery. Evidence generation includes a mechanistic, pathway-specific understanding of the underlying degeneration during degeneration, effects of duration and recovery that improves patient care through innovative research and countermeasure development. Transfer effects further describe the significant progress made towards the goal of minimizing the functional impact of stimuli that induce neuromuscular adaptations to spatial and clinical conditions. Keywords: neuronal, muscular, system, human, adaptation, clinics, diseases 106 FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTS OF EXERGAME-BASED B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 COGNITIVE-MOTOR TRAINING IN THE SCOPE OF O B 2 O th F A U A T P N INPATIENT REHABILITATION BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Eleftheria Giannouli, PhD, Research Group Leader 02 F Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich - ETH, Switzerland 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Exergaming, a technology-driven exercise approach involving video game play, demands physi-R F S OP cal activity for gameplay, rendering it an excellent tool for interactive cognitive-motor training. U E’ S S Cognitive-motor interventions based on exergames exhibit high enjoyment and adherence lev-TA SC I els, with positive effects on physical and cognitive functions in healthy older adults and those N IE A NC B with chronic diseases. Existing evidence largely relies on studies using commercial exergame I E L S I systems designed for young people and recreational purposes. We hypothesize that a clinically T A Y A ND designed exergame system may yield superior effects. Additionally, information on the feasi-N A D D R bility of exergame training in inpatient rehabilitation settings is limited. We conducted three T I S G L studies examining the feasibility and effects of exergame training using a purpose-built system N E I A T in three inpatient rehabilitation clinics, focusing on geriatric, Parkinson‘s, and stroke patients. D Y ER Exergame training proved feasible, safe, and effective in geriatric and Parkinson‘s patients. The S A study with stroke patients is ongoing. All further results will be presented at the conference. ND S Keywords: exergaming, cognitive-motor training, exercise, rehabilitation CHOL ARS 107 B I T DUAL-TASK BALANCE ASSESSMENT UTILIZING T OOK H 'S A E 1 THE OCULUS QUEST VR HEADSET DURING A O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B BEDREST STUDY S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Luka Šlosar, Assistant Professor 2 F 4 E : I R IKARUS – Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F Rado Pišot, Director of SRC Koper, Principal Research Associate I E CE O U IKARUS – Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia R F S OP U E’ S S TA S ABSTRACT C IN IE A NC Introduction: Maintaining balance while simultaneously performing a cognitive task is crucial BI E L S for daily activities and has been linked to an increased risk of falls in older adults, particularly fol-IT A Y A N lowing extended periods of inactivity due to prolonged illness. In light of recent advancements D N A D D in virtual reality (VR) hardware, the increased affordability and accessibility of headsets in the RT I S market have sparked interest in their potential application within clinical settings. This technol-G L N E I A ogy holds promise for scientific exploration, including the potential use for assessing dual-task T D Y E balance. This study aims to explore the effect of a 10-day bedrest period on the dual-task balance RS A of healthy older adults. ND S Methods: Ten older adults (average age 67.9 ± 2.5) underwent a 10-day bedrest period, performing CHOL all activities lying down with minimal pillow support for legs and head. Passive joint mobilization A occurred every other day. Using the Oculus Quest VR headset, participants completed a dual-task RS balance assessment before and after the bedrest period. Movement data (total head and hand sway) and cognitive task performance (time and efficiency in clicking numbered sequences) were collected at 50 Hz via a Unity game design software function (MOViR, INCISIV Ltd., Belfast, UK). Results: Building on our previous bedrest study experience, our hypothesis suggests significant alterations in both movement data (total head and hand sway) and cognitive task performance (time and efficiency) due to the bedrest period. Further elaboration on these findings, along with their significance and implications, will be thoroughly discussed and presented at the upcoming congress. Discussion: This study strongly validates VR technology for accurate dual-task balance assessment, enabling the integration of diverse cognitive tasks to broaden assessment capabilities. The observed effects of the 10-day bedrest period on movement data and cognitive task performance underscore the impact of prolonged inactivity on both motor and cognitive functions. Keywords: cognitive-motor assessment, virtual reality, bedrest 108 INTERGENERATIONAL COGNITIVE-MOTOR B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 TRAINING: EXPLORING GAMES FOR ENHANCED O B 2 O th F A U A T P N COGNITIVE AND MOTOR FUNCTION FOR KIDS BS N E T U O R A P AND ELDERLY A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Brina Vadnjal, Student E N S NC University of Primorska, Slovenia E E R O V F Uroš Marušič, Associated Professor I E CE O UR IKARUS – Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia F S OP Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC ABSTRACT BI E L S Cognitive-motor training refers to a type of exercise that involves activities that challenge both IT A Y A N motor and cognitive functions simultaneously and aims to enhance the coordination between D N A D D physical movements and cognitive processes, promoting overall cognitive functioning and mo-RT I S tor skills. G L N E I A T The aim of this paper is to gather insights and identify meaningful and beneficial guidelines for a D Y ER new integrational program comprising play activities for both older and younger individuals. We S A seek to derive valuable recommendations from existing programs to create an effective initia-ND S tive that aligns with the advantages highlighted in these programs. CHOL The intergenerational psycho-motor interventions employed diverse techniques, for example A incorporating dynamic balance exercises and object control skills for seniors, as well as playful RS activities like jumping and rolling for children, with integrated co-creation activities fostering collaborative engagement. Engaging children and the elderly in intergenerational cognitively enriched movement programs, featuring adaptable and co-creative methods, significantly improves physical activity, cognitive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and motor skill proficiency in children, as well as enhancing functional mobility in older adults. The identified studies underscore the importance of integrating such programs for both young children and the elderly. I intend to provide concrete examples of this type of exercise during the presentation. Keywords: integrational play, cognitive-motor training, physical activity, children, elderly 109 B I T BETA-GAMMA PHASE-AMPLITUDE COUPLING T OOK H 'S A E 1 AS AN INDICATOR OF MEDICATION LEVELS IN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B PARKINSON’S DISEASE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Tisa Hodnik, Student 2 F 4 E : I R University of Primorska, Slovenia E N S NC E E Manca Peskar, PhD Candidate R O V F IKARUS – Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia I E CE O UR Uroš Marušič, Associated Professor F S OP U E’ Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia S S TA S IKARUS – Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia C IN IE A NC BI E L S I ABSTRACT T A Y A ND Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings reveal increased beta-gamma phase-amplitude couN A D D R pling (PAC) over the sensorimotor cortex in patients with Parkinson‘s disease (PD). The magni-T I S G L tude of this increase is directly related to the severity of motor symptoms as measured by clini-N E I A T D cally recognized motor assessment scales. Furthermore, PAC levels reflect the medication states Y ER of patients and decrease following treatment with dopaminergic medication as well as with S AN deep brain stimulation (DBS). We utilized a 128-channel EEG to perform 3-minute resting-state D S recordings in 10 healthy controls (HC) and 10 PD patients after administration of dopaminergic CHOL drug (PD_ON), both with eyes open. The coupling strength between beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma A (30-100 Hz) frequency bands recorded from electrodes placed bilaterally over the sensorimotor RS cortex (C3 and C4) will be compared between the HC and PD_ON groups. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the EEG-based beta-gamma PAC levels are sufficient to distinguish patients from control subjects using recordings with two electrodes. If PAC strength is sufficient to make these comparisons, it could serve as a marker of motor parkinsonism. Preliminary findings of these comparisons will be presented. Keywords: Parkinson‘s disease (PD), phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), electroencephalography (EEG), resting-state, biomarker 110 B I T T STUDENT PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A PHYSIOTHERAPY APPROACH OF FUNCTIONAL L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR RELIEVING 2 F 4 E : I RE SYMPTOMS OF CARPAL TUNNEL N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Žiga Tratnik, Student R F S OP Tadeja Hernja Rumpf, Assistant Professor U E’ S S TA S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia C IN IE A NC BI E L S ABSTRACT IT A Y A N Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compression mononeuropathy, which D N A D D R occurs in as many as one in ten people during their lifetime. The main risk factors for impinge-T I S G L ment are repetitive, monotonous movements of the wrist, and it affects women to a greater N E I A extent than men. The initial signs are numbness of the fingers, discomfort and tingling in the T D Y ER first three fingers and half of the ring finger. Without medical intervention, symptoms begin to S A appear in the evening or during sleep and there are disturbances in grasping objects. ND S Methods: We conducted an experimental study where volunteers were randomly divided into CHOL two groups. 20 volunteers participated in the research and it lasted 12 days. The physiotherapy A group received functional magnetic stimulation, which included a frequency of 30 Hz, which was RS applied to the ventral side more affected wrist with carpal transition syndrome in combination with physiotherapy exercises and a night splint. The control group received physiotherapy exercises and an night splint. Before the beginning and at the end of the research, we filled out the Boston Questionnaire and recorded the VAS scale every day during the research. Results: After 12 days of research, we recorded a statistical improvement in symptom relief in the physiotherapy group (AS = 2) than in the control group (AS = 2). We also recorded a statistical improvement in 9 out of 11 Boston Questionnaire symptom severity questions in the physical therapy group and 6 out of 11 symptom severity questions in the control group. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the functional status of the Boston Questionnaire. Discussion: There is therefore a statistically significant difference with the Tesla Stym device in reducing pain and tingling, but not in improving function, as there was a statistically significant improvement in the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (symptom severity scale) and VAS scale in the physiotherapy group. While there was no statistically significant improvement in functional status measurements on the Boston Questionnaire. It can be concluded that functional magnetic stimulation affects the relief of symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Keywords: functional magnetic stimulation, carpal tunnel syndrome, relief of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms, physiotherapy 111 B I T THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE ON PAIN T OOK H 'S A E 1 REDUCTION IN OFFICE WORKERS WITH NON- O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SPECIFIC NECK PAIN – A LITERATURE REVIEW S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Larisa Šabec, Student 2 F 4 E : I RE Mateja Berčan, Lecturer N S NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Theoretical background: Musculoskeletal disorders, including neck pain, are prevalent in office S S TA SC workers and have a high socioeconomic impact due to reduced functional capacity. This is main-IN IE A NC ly due to prolonged sitting, the resulting increased biomechanical loads, repetitive upper limb BI E L S movements and poor ergonomic design of the workstation or desk. Therapeutic exercise has IT A Y A N been shown to be one of the possible physiotherapy interventions to reduce pain. The aim of the D N A D D thesis was to investigate the effect of therapeutic exercise on pain reduction in non-specific neck RT I S pain in office workers, based on a literature review. G L N E I A T Method: The research design of the thesis is qualitative content analysis. The databases includ-D Y ER ed in the review were ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The keywords used S A were „therapeutic exercise“, „exercise“, „neck pain“, „non specific neck pain“, „office workers“ ND S and „secretary“. The final review and analysis includes research in English published after 2013. CHOL Results: Seven studies were included in the final analysis. We have found that progressive and A regular exercise is effective in reducing pain intensity. RS Discussion: Our review of the literature found that resistance, endurance and stretching exercise are effective in reducing pain symptoms and may have secondary effects on increasing range of motion, pressure pain threshold (PPT), increasing exercise capacity (NDI) and reducing the incidence and intensity of headaches. Keywords: physiotherapy, therapeutic exercise, non-specific neck pain, office workers 112 ANALYSIS OF THE EXERCISE GUIDELINES IN B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Kaja Poličnik, Student A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Patricija Goubar, Lecturer S 02 F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U During pregnancy and postpartum it is advisable to continue with exercise, if there are no con-R F S OP traindications. Physical activity, that is properly selected and prescribed, has a beneficial effect U E’ S S on health of pregnant and postnatal women. However, due to the physiological and anatom-TA SC ical changes in pregnancy, exercise should be done with caution. Exercise programme should IN IE A NC be designed for each pregnant and postnatal woman. With that reason, we did a research on BI E L S I modern professional guidelines for safe exercise in pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: We T A Y A N used descriptive, comparative, analytical and synthesis methods. Qualitative content analysis D N A D D was used to analyse the findings. Analisys included eight guidelines from eight different coun-RT I S tries. Only two of them included guidelines for safe exercise after childbirth. We used PRISMA G L N E I A diagram to select studies. Results: After reviewing and comparing the guidelines, we found that T D Y E most guidelines suggest at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week, at least RS A 3 times a week, with a support of a professional instructor. All the guidelines encourage exer-ND cise and include information on exercise characteristics and safe and beneficial forms of exercise SCHOL in pregnancy. Six guidelines included absolute contraindications to exercise and indications for stopping exercise during pregnancy. Two guidelines introduced guidelines for safe exercise after ARS childbirth. Discussion: We can conclude that exercise in pregnancy and postpartum is desirable and has beneficial effect on the health of pregnant woman, fetus and newly mother. Origin of the guidelines was from different developed countries therefore, it would be interesting to check the difference between the guidelines from less developed parts of the world. Keywords: physical exercise, pregnancy, postpartum, exercise, guidelines 113 B I T THE EFFECT OF TISSUE FLOSSING ON ANKLE T OOK H 'S A E 1 RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE STIFFNESS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B IN PATIENTS WITH ANKLE SPRAIN HISTORY S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Fran Šlamberger, Student 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E Miloš Kalc, PhD, Assistant R O V F Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia I E CE O U ZRS – Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Studies, Slovenia R F S OP U E’ Mitja Gerževič, Assistant Professor S S TA S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia C IN IE Slovenia MILLEO, Sport, Tourism & Education, Mitja Gerževič s.p., Slovenia A NC BI E L S IT A Y A N ABSTRACT D N A D D R The study aimed to assess the effects of tissue flossing on the mobility and stiffness of plantar T I S G L and dorsal flexors. It involved 20 volunteers (23.6 ± 3.0 yrs). Participants with an ankle sprain N E I A T D history in the last two years were in the experimental group (EG), while healthy subjects were Y ER in the control group (CG). The intervention consisted of three sets of 2-min elastic band appli-S AN cations to the ankle performing active plantar and dorsal flexions at 60 bpm with 2 min of rest. D S Measurements of passive and active ankle ranges of motion (ROM), stiffness and pain level were CHOL assessed before applying the tape, before warm-up, immediately and 5, 15, and 30 min after the A intervention. Stiffness of the ankle‘s plantar and dorsal flexor tendons was evaluated using the RS Myoton PRO device. The results revealed that the tissue flossing significantly increased plantar and dorsal flexor ROM in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the dorsal flexor ROM in the EG was significantly lower compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Interestingly, tissue flossing did not affect the stiffness of the ankle‘s plantar and dorsal flexor tendons (p > 0.05). That suggests that the observed changes in ankle mobility may not be directly associated with changes of stiffness of the tendons. Keywords: mobility, flexibility, dorsal flexors, plantar flexors, rehabilitation, Visual Analogue Scale 114 CHRONIC LOWER BACK PAIN IS ASSOCIATED B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 WITH HIP JOINT MOBILITY AND BILATERAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N ASYMMETRY OF FLEXIBILITY IN PROFESSIONAL BS N E T U O R A P ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Nika Tomšič, Student E N S NC E E Živa Arko, Senior Lecturer R O V F I E C Mitja Gerževič, Assistant Professor E O UR Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia F S OP U E’ S S TA SC I ABSTRACT N IE A NC B Introduction: Tthe aim of this study was to evaluate differences in anthropometric characteris-I E L S IT A tics, hip mobility and bilateral asymmetries in hip flexibility between professional ice hockey Y A ND players with and without chronic LBP as well as correlations with LBP intensity. N A D D RT Methods: Fourteen professional ice hockey players (27.86 ± 3.28 yrs; 1.85 ± 0.06 m; 85.79 ± 7,04 I S G L N E kg) were divided into two groups, with (N = 8) and without LBP (N = 6). Active and passive, left I A T D Y and right hip flexion (FLEX), extension (EXT), internal (IROT) and external rotation (EROT), abERS duction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) ranges of motion (ROM) with bent (ben) and extended (ext) AN knee were measured, while LBP intensity was determined with the VAS. Differences between D S the groups were analysed using Student’s T-test or Mann-Whitney U test, while the correlations CHOL were analysed with the Spearman’s Correlation. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05 AR (2-tailed test). S Results: Subjects with chronic LBP were significantly older (p = 0,003) and shorter (p = 0,049). They also had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) active hip ROM for EXTben bothsided, EXText leftsided, IROTben bothsided, EROTben rightsided, and reduced passive ROM for FLEXben bothsided, EXTben leftsided, EXText leftsided, IROTben bothsided, EROTben bothsided. Subjects with chronic LBP had also significantly higher (p < 0.05) bilateral asymmetry for active ROM in EXText, ADDext and passive ROM in EXTben, EXText, IROTben, ABDext and ADDext. Discussion: It seems that chronic LBP is more common among older and shorter ice hockey players, who have reduced hip mobility and higher bilateral asymmetry of hip flexibility. Keywords: lumbar spine, mobility, bilateral asymmetry, hip range of motion, ice hockey 115 B I T CONSERVATIVE PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF INTERVERTEBRAL HERNIA IN THE LUMBAR O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B PART OF THE SPINE S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Alen Zorko, Student 2 F 4 E : I RE Tatjana Horvat, Lecturer N S NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Condition in the lumbar spine, called an intervertebral hernia causes protrusion of the interver-S S TA SC tebral disc core through the fibrous ring. It causes pain in the lower back and along the lower IN IE A NC limb, movement restriction and loss of sensation. Physiotherapy with its techniques is one of the BI E L S methods of conservative treatment. Objectives were aimed to determine which methods and IT A Y A N techniques in physiotherapy are most effective in treating patients with intervertebral hernia D N A D D at the L4/L5 or L5/S1 level, and to determine the long term effectiveness of conservative physi-RT I S otherapy treatment. In the literature review were included 25 scientific works, found in six da-G L N E I A tabases, published between 2013 and 2023. Results showed that compared to surgery, conserv-T D Y E ative physiotherapy treatment is effective in the long term, as patients report a lower level of RS A pain and improved quality of life. For patients with lumbar intervertebral hernia conservative ND physiotherapy treatment is designed as a combination of methods and techniques. Combination SCHOL of kinesiotherapy, laser therapy, ultrasound therapy, neural mobilization, manual mobilization and traction appears to be the most effective. Long term effectiveness is gained by continuing ARS regular kinesiotherapy training program to increase the stability of the lumbar spine and by following ergonomic principles to protect the spine. Keywords: conservative physiotherapy treatment, lumbar spine, intervertebral hernia, methods and techniques, effectiveness of treatment 116 SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B INVITED SPEAKER S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IRE MEDICO-SOCIAL CARE OF ELDERLY POPULATION - N S NC E E DEMOCRACY AT ITS BEST R O V F I E CE O URF SOP Nenad Bogdanović, Professor U E’ S S Karolinska Institutet, Sweden TA SC IN IE A NC BI E ABSTRACT L S IT A Y A N Aging is the normal process of time-related physical and mental changes which begins with birth D N A D D and continues until death. The public’s perception of older adults implicates the pessimistic view RT I S of being old. Unfortunately, a widespread ageism is dominant view against elderly in the society G L N E I A today. Ageism generates unnecessary fear, waste, illness, and misery as Palmer has observed T D Y E almost 16 years ago. The elderly is seen as less valuable due to the fact that with the aging pro-RS A cess there is a possibility that one may experience some form of health complications or chronic ND disease, as a result of the physical changes taking place in the body. Thus, older people are often SC assumed to be frail or dependent. Public health professionals and society as a whole need to ad-HOL dress these ageists attitudes which use to lead to discrimination, thus it is important to give max-AR imal opportunities to older people to experience healthy aging. Health is a fundamental human S right indispensable for the exercise of other human rights according UNHR. Every elderly person is entitled to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health conducive to living a life in dignity. But accessibility and affordability of health care is significantly frailer in the low and middle-income countries where social and health system remains weak. If a quality health system should be developed, it has to consider age-friendly services and comprehensive geriatric approach taking into account the diversity of older people regarding diverse health risks and medical circumstances. The good quality health system is resting on the adequate skilled, competent, and enthusiastic health workers with the knowledge in geriatric medicine. Geriatric medicine concerns not only physical, but also mental, emotional, social and environmental needs at the old age as well as underlines preservation of functional independence even in the presence of multiple chronic diseases. Geriatric medicine should be able to recognize the unique features of disease presentation in older people and to treat various comorbidities. Some of the typical giants in geriatric medicine that should be assessed and managed are frailty, sarcopenia, anorexia of aging, and cognitive impairment. These conditions are the forerunners of falls, hip fractures, depression, and delirium. Expertise in geriatric medicine should not be exclusive skill of geriatrician but of primary care or family doctors who should be able to manage those giants. The geriatric health care program should be the priority in each country where hospitals should offer an acute geriatric ward, an outpatient clinic, a geriatric day hospital and internal and external liaison functions. The key to deliver good health services for older people is a multidisciplinary partnership across the whole health and social care framework in a region. For the sake of growth and prosperity the geriatric medicine, the high-quality university-driven research on ageing and education in geriatric fields is exceptionally important. Geriatric care should provide longitudinal, proactive, and coordinated care to complex patients. It should create a positive image of the elderly patient by stimulating the knowledge about this patient population through graduate, postgraduate, whole-life education curriculums, and the development of research. Every society should establish a country-specific Geriatric Health Care Program as a proof that geriatric patients and their problems have been taken seriously by the government what is an essential element of democracy. 121 B I T VIRTUAL REALITY AND ITS USE IN CARE HOMES T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND BEYOND O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Vera Suchomelová, PhD, Lecturer L L C C E 2 T ON S University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The importance of using new technologies including virtual reality (VR) for long-term care in-I E CE O U creased during the COVID-19 pandemic and the related increased loneliness of older adults. The R F S OP financial availability of VR experiences and devices, as well as the growing digital literacy of the U E’ S S elderly end-users, allows many care homes to offer VR as an alternative to traditional activities. TA SC IN IE This paper presents a conceptual manual for using VR with older adults in care homes. The manA NC B ual includes several areas that need to be taken into account in the implementation of VR in care I E L S IT A homes, based on several studies, functional testing, and continuous collaboration with a care Y A ND home activity team within the VIREAS project. These are as follows: the technical aspects of VR N A D D R including design and quality aspects of the virtual experience, spatial and technical require-T I S G L ments for the facility and the specifics of VR in the case of various health issues; the content and N E I A T D form of the virtual experience including aspects of the quality and attractiveness of the virtual Y ER experiences; the communication between the activity worker and the older user including all S AN stages of the virtual session and finally, the ethical principles of using VR and necessary compeD S tencies of the activity worker. CHOL Keywords: virtual reality, older adults, care homes, activity workers ARS 122 MEASURES TO PREVENT VIOLENCE AGAINST B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ELDERLY RESIDENTS IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES AND BS N E T U O R A P INTELLECTUAL DEFICITS A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Nataša Štandeker, PhD, Lecturer E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Introduction: Persons who spend most of their lives in an institution also age there and become S S TA S vulnerable and fragile. As such, they can often be victims of various forms of violence. The purC IN IE pose of the article is to answer the question of what forms of violence are most often exposed to A NC BI E residents and to present measures that could be used to protect elderly residents in institutions L S IT A Y A from the consequences of specific forms of violence. ND N A D D Method: the scoping review was used. Sources in Slovenian, German, English and Serbo-Croatian RT I S languages were reviewed. When searching for resources, key words are used: violence, persons G L N E with mental and intellectual deficits, aging, institutional care. I A T D Y ER Results: by reviewing the literature, we substantiated the need to develop a concept for the preS A vention of violence against elderly residents in institutional care, considering the characteristics ND and peculiarities of each institution and its particularly exposed organizational units, as well as SCHOL the basic elements of such a concept. A Discussion: we note that the subject under consideration is modestly represented in professional RS and scientific sources, with rare transparent research. From what has been presented comes the necessity to treat the presented population in the sense of a vulnerable group within a vulnerable group. Keywords: dignity, violence, elderly residents in institutional care, elderly persons with mental illnesses and intellectual deficits 123 B I T DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LIVE T OOK H 'S A E 1 CONTACT FOR OLDER ADULTS IN NURSING HOMES: O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B RESEARCH IN TWO NURSING HOMES IN SLOVENIA S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Ivan Jurišić, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I RE Šefik Salkunić, Lecturer, PhD Candidate N S NC E E R O Tomislav Nemec, PhD Candidate V F I E C Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E O UR F S OP U E’ S S ABSTRACT TA SC IN IE Background: Nursing homes or long-term care homes often cause older adults to lose contact A NC B with their surroundings or family members. Digital technology is offered as a possible alterna-I E L S IT A tive to replace the live social contact of older adults. Y A NDN A Aim: Investigate to what extent digital technology can serve as an alternative to live contact for D D RT older adults who are placed in a nursing home or long-term care facility. I S G L N E Methods: Data was collected during interviews using the questionnaire. We chose two nursing I A T D Y E homes located in Slovenia where we conducted the research with 53 respondents. RS A Results: We found that almost half (41,5%) of respondents completely reduced their loneliness ND by using digital technology. In general (79,2%) the respondents don’t have the desire to learn (or SCHOL learn better) to use digital technology. Our respondents are of the divided opinion that digital technology can replace live contact, the most answer is that it partially can replace (32,1%). ARS Conclusion: In response to the aim of this research, we can say that the use of digital technology as an alternative for older adults in the nursing home depends on the individual and opinions are divided. Further research is needed. Keywords: digital technology, nursing home, older adults, social contact, live contact 124 ACTIVE AGEING IN A CHANGING WORLD B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Rosette Farrugia Bonello, Deputy Director, PhD Candidate T P N BS N E International Institute on Ageing, United Nations-Malta T U O R A P A L Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR ABSTRACT E N S NC The population of Europe, with eighteen percent being 65 years old and over, and projected to E E R O V F continue to increase in the coming years, is ageing. The term active ageing, defined by the World I E CE O U Health Organization as ‘the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and R F S OP security in order to enhance the quality of life as people age’, is being used continuously in all U E’ S S spheres of gerontology. Whilst active ageing has been discussed in international political organ-TA SC I izations and among researchers as a major means for combatting the challenges of demographic N IE A NC B ageing, the paper argues that many are still being left in the margins. The presentation will focus I E L S I on how very often active ageing policies overlook the heterogeneity of older persons, hence not T A Y A ND addressing different socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, sexuality and disability amongst N A D D R others. Moreover, the paper argues that for active ageing policies to really safe guard and mainT I S G L tain the quality of life of all older persons, all societies should first and foremost address age N E I A T discrimination and ageism. The paper will conclude that any policies on ageing should take a D Y ER life-course and human rights approach. S AN Keywords: active ageing, older persons, quality of life, age-discrimination, ageism, life-course, D S human rights approach CHOL ARS 125 B I T DIFFERENCES IN THE RESULTS OF RESIDENTS’ T OOK H 'S A E 1 SATISFACTION WITHIN CARE HOMES FOR O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SENIORS ON ISLANDS IN THE PRIMORJE-GORSKI S N E T U O R A P A L KOTAR COUNTY L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Jelena Lučan, PhD Candidate NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ S S Control of residents satisfaction is carried out through the E-Qalin system, system, for quality TA SC I management within institutions for care and care of seniors. The key parameters that influence N IE A NC the satisfaction of residents are: home decoration, nutrition, activities in the care home, the atti-BI E L S I tude of employees towards residents, nurture and care. T A Y A ND The goal of the research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in N A D D R quality between care homes for seniors on islands in relation to size of the care home and the T I S G L number of accommodation capacities. The research was conducted on a sample of elderly peo-N E I A T D ple of both sexes placed in a care home for seniors, divided into two groups, surveyed through Y ER anonymous self-assessment questionnaires created by the Fabrika Group / Skupina Fabrika. The S AN degree of satisfaction was assessed using a Likert scale, and data processing was done using the D S t-test. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in certain domains of CHOL satisfaction depending on the size of the care home for seniors and the number of accommoda-A tion facilities, with more positive responses from residents placed in a smaller care home. RS Keywords: care homes for seniors, quality of life, quality control, social care, user satisfaction 126 IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE QUALITY B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Željka Kanižaj Rogina, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Valentina Vincek, PhD Candidate S 02 F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Ageing is a natural biological process that involves the counting of physical and biological chang-R F S OP es. Aging leads to changes in strength, mobility, appearance, and some cognitive abilities. Age-U E’ S S ing poses challenges, but regular physical activity plays a key role in preserving the health of TA SC the elderly. Maintaining functionality becomes extremely important, and exercise contributes IN IE A NC to maintaining strength, flexibility and balance, which are key elements of everyday activities. BI E L S I Physical activity also significantly contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases, including T A Y A N heart disease and osteoporosis, which are common at an older age. Muscle loss, common in older D N A D D age, can be slowed down by regular exercise, maintaining vitality and strength. Physical activity RT I S also provides an opportunity for social interaction, either through individual exercises or group G L N E I A activities, reducing feelings of loneliness. It is essential to adapt the type of activity to the indi-T D Y E vidual needs and opportunities of older people encouraging elderly people to exercise regularly RS A not only contributes to physical health but also improves general well-being during ageing. ND S Keywords: elderly people, physical activity, vitality CHOL ARS 127 B I T THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Valentina Vincek, PhD Candidate L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E Marijana Neuberg, Associate Professor : I RE N S NC University North, Croatia E E R O V F Željka Kanižaj Rogina, PhD Candidate I E CE O U Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R F S OP U E’ S S TA S ABSTRACT C IN IE A NC Overall, society is aging every day, and technological advances are developing at an ever-in-BI E L S creasing rate. Research has shown that social isolation and loneliness can have a negative im-IT A Y A N pact on the health and well-being of older adults. For this very reason, various digital technol-D N A ogy-based interventions have been created with the aim of reducing social isolation; however, D D RTIS few studies have been conducted to show the role of different types of technologies and their G L N E effectiveness in addressing social isolation in older adults. The quality of life of older adults I A T D Y E can be improved without the help of digital technology, but in today‘s world, technology has RS A developed to such an extent that it can be applied to many segments of older people‘s lives. ND Digital technology offers numerous opportunities to improve the quality of life of older adults SC by providing them with access to certain information, social interaction, health services, and HOL opportunities for activities such as online learning or entertainment. On the other hand, chal-AR lenges such as technological literacy, accessibility, and the possibility of social isolation are S also very present. With appropriate support and education, digital technology can significantly improve the quality of life of older adults. Keywords: older adults, digital technology, quality of life 128 DIFFERENCES IN EXPECTATIONS AND B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 PREFERENCES FOR HEALTHCARE BETWEEN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N VETERANS AND THE BABY BOOMER BS N E T U O R A P GENERATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Danijela Sopić, PhD Candidate E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ In the context of population aging, the importance of researching differences in expectations S S TA S and preferences for healthcare between Veterans and the Baby Boomer generation arises from C IN IE the need to tailor healthcare services to the needs of these two largest user groups. The lack of A NC BI E comparative analyses emphasizes the necessity for an understanding of the specificities of these L S IT A Y A populations to enhance nursing care. ND N A D D The objectives of this research are the identification of expectations and gaining insights into RT I S the healthcare preferences of these generations, as well as finding statistically significant differ-G L N E ences in variables. The study will be carried out as a cross-sectional research and a self-designed I A T D Y E questionnaire will be administered in Retirement Home and Home Healthcare Institution. The RS A result analysis will focus on identifying differences in expectations and preferences for health-ND care between the groups. SCHOL The results are expected to provide an understanding of the needs and wishes of the examined population in order to identify key aspects that can help to shape healthcare practices. The study ARS has the potential to shape personalized healthcare by encouraging the customization of services based on the individual needs of Veterans and the Baby Boom generation. Future practice implies enhancing the quality and efficiency of nursing care. Keywords: expectations, preferences, healthcare, Baby Boom generation, Veterans 129 B I T ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF THE SECONDARY T OOK H 'S A E 1 MEDICAL SCHOOL BJELOVAR MAJORING IN NURSE/ O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B GENERAL CARE TECHNICIAN ON EUTHANASIA S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Željka Ostović, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R Medical School Bjelovar, Croatia E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F Ivan Pokec, PhD Candidate I E CE O U Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R F S OP Bjelovar University of Applied Sciences, Croatia U E’ S S TA SC IN IE ABSTRACT A NC BI E L S The legalization of euthanasia is regulated by a special law in which the exact conditions and IT A Y A N circumstances of its implementation are prescribed. In Europe, the Netherlands, Belgium and D N A D D Luxembourg, Spain and Portugal were the first to introduce such a law. One of the most famous RT I S countries in the world when it comes to euthanasia is Switzerland. In Croatia, passive euthanasia, G L N E I A meaning refusal of treatment and advanced life support procedures, is allowed, while active T D Y E euthanasia is not allowed. RS A The aim of this research is to examine the attitudes of the students of the High School of Medi-ND S cine who are studying for the profession of nurse/general care technician about the implemen-CHOL tation of active and passive euthanasia. Examination of future medical workers will be done A with anonymous survey questionnaires. 100 students were included in the survey. The survey RS questionnaire consists of sociodemographic questions, and a part that refers to medical, ethical, moral, and spiritual issues related to euthanasia. Statistical methods used in this research refer to descriptive statistics, - test (chi-square test) and graphical representations. The results of this research showed that students whose future vocation is care, nurture and tending to other people are statistically more strongly opposed to performing euthanasia. Keywords: active euthanasia, passive euthanasia, medical school students, student attitudes, life support 130 THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL CAREGIVING B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON CAREGIVERS’ SPIRITUAL HEALTH O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Sabina Eberl, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Theoretical framework: Around the world, populations are living longer and aging, which brings V F I E C many new challenges to the provision of nursing care and care for older adults. People who are E O UR older than 65 years have associated chronic diseases, which causes them many headaches in the F S OP U E’ field of self-care in the home environment. That is why they are helped by domestic caregivers S S TA S (informal caregivers), who are exposed to many stressful situations that lead to deficits in their C IN IE physical, mental and social health. Good spiritual health is also extremely important, as it en-A NC BI E ables them to manage various stressors and, as a result, many stressful situations, which has a L S IT A Y A positive effect on the way of working with older adults, taking into account their dignity. ND N A D D Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the two search databases ScienceDirect and RT I S PubMed, in the time period from 2013 to 2023. 11 studies were included. G L N E I A T Results: From the included studies, we highlighted four key points: reciprocity, intergeneration-D Y ER al respect for dignity, the caring role of informal caregivers and stress. S AN Conclusion: Mutual cooperation between older adults with associated chronic diseases and fam-D S ily caregivers is essential for fulfilling the caregiving role and for preventing distress on both CHOL sides, establishing intergenerational respect and dignity. AR Keywords: informal care, older adults, spiritual health, caregivers, home environment S 131 B I T DOES THE STRENGTH OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF T OOK H 'S A E 1 AFFECT HOPE IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS? O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Ahmet Aytepe, PhD Candidate L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Mehmet Efe, PhD, Lecturer 2 F 4 E : I RE Fatih Sahin, PhD, Lecturer N S NC Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, Turkey E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Hopelessness is one of the main problems encountered in old age. Hope is an internal attitude S S TA SC that gives attention and positive feelings towards the difficulties that may be encountered in IN IE A NC life. Being hopeful is not just an expression of wishful thinking but also an intentional cogni-BI E L S tive process that involves goal-directed thinking, agency, and a sense of competence. There-IT A Y A N fore, hope is also a source of coping, and it derives its power largely from faith. Religion, which D N A is a system of meaning, promises hope for believers and increases the individual’s positive ex-D D RTIS pectations for the future. Hope, which is a potential mediator of the effect of religious belief G L N E on well-being and an important source of motivation for almost all religious belief systems, I A T D Y E functions as a protective buffer for the individual’s mental health, especially against pessimis-RS A tic world perception. Therefore, religious belief is closely related to the concept of hope, which ND has an existential importance in old age. Research needs to be conducted to reveal the rela-SC tionship between the two concepts. HOL Keywords: old age, aging, religion, belief, religious belief, hope ARS 132 DIGNITY INFORMAL CARE OF ELDERLY ADULTS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Sabina Eberl, PhD Candidate T P N BS N E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 ABSTRACT 2 F 4 E : I RE Theoretical framework: In the world, the need for integrated care is increasing, as the popula-N S NC tion is aging, and with aging, diseases and disabilities are also increasing. Informal caregivers of E E R O V F older adults with multiple comorbidities are usually family members or any other person who I E CE O U means a lot to them and helps them with their basic daily needs and tasks. Due to the perfor-R F S OP mance of such an important role, informal caregivers are exposed to many stressors that have a U E’ S S strong impact on their physical, mental, social and spiritual health, which can have a significant TA SC I impact on respect for the dignity of older adults with co-morbidities. Older adults with multiple N IE A NC B co-morbidities deserve dignified care, the essential elements of which are compassion and em-I E L S I pathy. Dignified care of older adults means harmonizing familiarity and professionalism, which, T A Y A ND despite comorbidity, contributes to well-being and ensuring a quality life. N A D D R Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the two search databases ScienceDirect and T I S G L PubMed, in the time period from 2013 to 2023. 18 studies were included. N E I A T D Y Results: from the selected studies, we highlighted key points: maintaining the quality of life of ERS older adults, assuming responsibility, the impact of providing care on the health of informal car-AN egivers and a positive attitude towards older adults. D SC Conclusion: Informal caregivers are those who can provide the most effective and dignified care HOL and support to older adults. This type of care gives older adults the feeling that they are not a AR burden to family and friends or their caregivers. S Keywords: older adults, informal care, home caregivers, dignity 133 B I T THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON RESIDENTS IN ELDERLY ADULT’S HOME O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B IN LJUTOMER S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Urška Kunčič, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR Despite all the measures issued, the number of infected people increased day by day and thus an F S OP U E’ epidemic was declared in Slovenia on March 12, 2020 at 6 p.m (Urad vlade RS 2020). On March S S TA S 27, 2020, the first residents of DSO Ljutomer were infected with the virus. Covid-19 brought with C IN IE it difficult lessons in the home for the elderly, especially due to separation from loved ones, A NC BI E prohibition of visits, loneliness, fear, various protocols and measures with wearing masks, proL S IT A Y A tective equipment, isolation and going through difficult times for residents and employees. In ND N A the empirical work, we used a qualitative research approach, which was carried out with the D D RT help of interviews. The results of the research are presented in a descriptive form regarding I S G L N E the experience of the consequences that cause an increase in fear and loneliness among the I A T D Y residents of the Ljutomer home for the elderly and the co-experience of the employees, as well ERS as the categorization of records. In our research, we found that the global Covid-19 pandemic AN had a strong impact on the residents and employees of the Ljutomer home. During the time D S the home was closed, there was fear and loneliness among the residents due to the measures CHOL taken to contain the epidemic. The virus has had an unpredictable effect on social contacts, and AR especially on the social contacts of the elderly. Here the role of the social gerontologist played S a very important role. Keywords: Covid-19, elderly, epidemic, loneliness, social gerontologist 134 NURSING STUDENTS PRESERVE THE DIGNITY OF B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 OLDER ADULTS THROUGH A HOLISTIC APPROACH: O B 2 O th F A U A T P N LITERATURE REVIEW BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Aleksandra Ločičnik, PhD Candidate 02 F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Theoretical framework: Student nurses play a crucial role in providing holistic care to older R F S OP adults, ensuring their physical, emotional, and social well-being. This article explores the im-U E’ S S portance of dignity in the care of older adults and highlights the significance of incorporating this TA SC I aspect into nursing education. N IE A NC B Methodology: A literature search was conducted, limited to the period between 2013 and 2023. I E L S IT A 3 databases were searched: PubMed, Science Direct, and Sage Journals. 9 studies were included. Y A NDN A Results: From the included studies, we defined: Encouraging nursing students to adopt a per-D D RT son-centered approach that prioritizes older people‘s preferences and values and ensures their I S G L N E active participation in decision-making. We meet critical needs in nursing education when we I A T D Y teach students how to recognize ethical issues, how to ask appropriate questions, and how to ERS formulate their arguments and defend opinions. AND Conclusion: Nursing students play an important role in providing holistic care to older adults, SC and dignity is a crucial aspect of that care. By integrating dignity-focused education into nursing HOL curricula, students can develop the skills and attitudes necessary to provide dignified care that AR respects the autonomy and individuality of older adults. Future research in nursing education S and social gerontology is still needed, especially in the area of training and communication skills. Keywords: nursing students, holistic care, older adults, dignity 135 B I T THE ROLE OF DIGITAL SOLIDARITY IN T OOK H 'S A E 1 INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Mateja Buzina, PhD Candidate L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Tanita Knežević, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia : I RE N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR Digital solidarity emphasizes the use of digital technology in connecting people of different F S OP generations and social contexts. When we consider digital solidarity within intergenerational U E’ S S TA S relationships, it is most often used to maintain connections and encourage social interaction be-C IN IE tween generations. A NC BI E L The growth of the use of technology among people over 65 years of age during the last decade S IT A Y A N enabled the implementation of the concept of digital solidarity in intergenerational relations as D N A a new domain within associative and functional solidarity. This modern approach to communi-D D RT cation allows the elderly to keep in touch with the second generation without direct traditional I S G L N E contact, through virtual means such as video calls, e-mails and messages. Despite the obvious I A T D Y E advantages, a deeper understanding of the effects of digital solidarity on intergenerational re-RS lationships is needed as a supplement to traditional contact with the elderly. AND This paper will describe the knowledge about the impact of digital solidarity on the maintenance SCHOL of intergenerational relationships, analyze the potential benefits, but also the limitations it provides to older people. The central question that will be considered is: can digital technology ade-ARS quately replace traditional contact between generations? Keywords: digital technology, intergenerational relationships, communication, older people 136 A DIGNIFIED OLD AGE - B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ENERGETICALLY SECURE OLD AGE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Tanita Knežević, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Mateja Buzina, PhD Candidate S 02 F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Due to the ubiquity of the phrase energy security, which indicates the „resilience of the concept R F S OP of security and its leading power“, the concern about whether energy issues are security and U E’ S S whether they are important in international relations is superfluous. The latest research on the TA SC key „weapons“ that will affect the balance of power in the coming decades, along with artificial IN IE A NC intelligence and the space race, reveal the importance of energy security, which will, as always, BI E L S I be one of the key factors in the balance of power. In order to enable the population to live a dig-T A Y A N nified old age, we must strive for the sustainability of energy security, where all elderly people D N A D D could enjoy the benefits of energy sources that are necessary for a normal and quality life. In RT I S order to reduce the problem of energy poverty, it is necessary to approach its suppression with G L N E I A a systematic, interdisciplinary approach, since it is affected by various sectors - from the ener-T D Y E gy sector, through the health system to the social welfare system. In terms of the awareness of RS A citizens and decision-makers about energy poverty, we see a lot of room for improvement and ND consider it crucial to develop empathy for vulnerable older people and change in this area. It is SCHOL important to emphasize that through individual efforts we can influence a change in the population‘s consciousness in order to strive to ensure an energetically secure and dignified old age ARS of the elderly. Keywords: energy security, dignified old age, elderly people. 137 B I T THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON T OOK H 'S A E 1 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN PEOPLE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B WITH DEMENTIA AND THE ROLE OF MODERN S N E T U O R A P A L TECHNOLOGIES L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Mercedes Lovrečič, Assistant Professor NC E E Angela Boškin Faculty of Health, Slovenia R O V F I E C Barbara Lovrečič, Assistant Professor E O UR Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia F S OP U E’ S S TA SC I ABSTRACT N IE A NC B Background: Environmental variables can have an important impact on people living with de-I E L S IT A mentia and their carers. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak as a pandemic Y A NDN SARS-CoV-2 on 11 March 2020, which led to the implementation of widespread restrictions (e.g., A D D RT quarantine, physical/social distancing measures, lockdown) and have had a profound impact on I S G L N the lives of all, especially vulnerable groups, like persons with dementia. Methods: We reviewed E I A T D Y the literature, using PRISMA methodology, on assessment and monitoring of neurocognitive ERS situation of people with dementia. Results: During lockdown, access to healthcare was limited, AN loneliness and the burden of caregivers increased. Only few researches have not shown a link D S between the pandemic and worsening of dementia symptoms. The proportions of worsening CHOL neuropsychiatric symptoms ranged till three fourth of cases, cognitive decline was described in A more than a half cases, and in more than in fourth of cases therewas a need for pharmacological RS adjustment of treatment. Conclusion: The pandemic has highlighted the role of telemedicine in health care system, while other assistive technologies improved the quality of life and improved autonomy. Strategies for the development of additional support services that meet the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers are needed, especially in cases of crisis (e.g. covid-19 and other epidemics, floods, earthquakes, avalanches). Keywords: dementia, covid-19, telemedicine, assistive technologies, neurocognitive symptoms 138 THE BURDEN ON INFORMAL CAREGIVERS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA DURING O B 2 O th F A U A T P N COVID-19 PANDEMIC BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Mercedes Lovrečič, Assistant Professor 02 F Angela Boškin Faculty of Health, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC Barbara Lovrečič, Assistant Professor E E R O Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia V F I E CE O URF SOP ABSTRACT U E’ S S TA S Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of pandemic covid-19 on the burden C IN IE of caregivers of people with dementia. Methods: We reviewed the literature in PubMed data-A NC B base, using PRISMA methodology, regarding impact on the burden of informal caregivers of peo-I E L S IT A ple with dementia during the pandemic. Results: During covid-19, informal caregivers faced a Y A NDN variety of problems when caring for people with various forms of dementia, the most prominent A D D RT of which were: increased fatigue and burnout, deterioration of mental health and well-being, I S G L N increased concern, difficult access to health services in various areas for people with dementia, E I A T D Y and an increased need for support. All these factors contributed to the increased burden among ERS informal caregivers of people with dementia. Discussion: The burden on informal caregivers of AN people with dementia was greater compared to informal carers for people with other chronic D S diseases and conditions. The pandemic has prevented many supportive, medical and education-CHOL al forms of assistance from attending, leading to a worsening of the situation of people with A dementia and informal caregivers not being properly educated. Conclusion: Informal caregivers RS were additionally facing burnout and overload during the covid-19 pandemic, requiring help in the form of emotional, informational and peer support. Keywords: dementia, informal caregivers of people with dementia, covid-19 pandemic, burden 139 B I T PALLIATIVE CARE OF OLDER ADULTS WITH T OOK H 'S A E 1 NONCOMUNICABLE DISEASE DEMENTIA THROUGH O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Suzana Koštomaj, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR End-of-life dignity older adults with noncomunicable disease is becoming an increasingly im-F S OP U E’ portant topic in modern society. As the population ages, the need for holistic palliative care is S S TA S increasing enormously. The development of sustainable models of palliative care, which include C IN IE an integrated approach, education, training, individual orientation and ethical voice, is a neces-A NC BI E sary step at the global level and represents an important socially responsible task. The purpose L S IT A Y A of the literature review was to review and summarize the best empirical evidence regarding the ND N A sustainability aspect of palliative care and preserving the dignity of older adults with noncomu-D D RT nicable disease. As part of the systematic review, we used the PubMed, Chochrane and ScienceDi-I S G L N E rect databases. Based on the content analysis, we identified a conceptual design based on the do-I A T D Y mains of the World Health Organization: A sustainable perspective of palliative care taking into ERS account the dynamic reciprocity of dignity. Palliative care for older adults with noncomunicable AN disease, through the perspective of sustainability and dignity, is critical to ensuring high-quality D S care at all levels of health care. CHOL Keywords: palliative care, sustainability, dignity, older adults with noncomunicable disease ARS 140 PHOTOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL DEVICES AS BASE FOR B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 REMINISCENCE THERAPY WITH ELDERLY PEOPLE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Marija Pokmajević, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Photography among other personal belongings can be useful tool in elderly people memory and V F I E C overall self-esteem in remembering. The aim is to investigate how reminiscence therapy works E O UR and what results with elderly people does it give. This review is trying to show mutual results F S OP U E’ when the reminiscence therapy is being applied. Beside good effect on elder people, positive S S TA S changes are documented with professional and family caregivers work too. Studies find race in-C IN IE fluences on caregiving motivation,where traditional values, duty, care in collectivist caregiving A NC BI E systems and family teachings are important. L S IT A Y A N Technology among elderly is used as a tool to help with reminiscenting. The most common is D N A D D some sort of photo video program that collects personal items and makes them available to RT I S use even without constant caregiver presence. There is also development potential of digital G L N E I A and virtual reality technologies that are being used in some studies. The users of technology are T D Y E elderly with limitations in eyesight, fine motoric and cognitive functioning so the technology RS A should adjust to their needs. Population included in the studies vary from individuals with mild ND to severe dementia diagnosis, patients with Alzheimer’s disease and elderly living in fascilities. SC Creating of any kind of reminiscenting program should be started at the time when elderly are HOL still motivated to be active in it and the reminiscence therapy should be regular if possitive effect AR is our goal. Studies are challenging to compare due to different sample sizes and methodology, S so future studies should aim to improve methodological quality to bring researchers better concrete evidence of these studies. So far no negative resualts are witnessed but the positive ones are not so confident. As alternative to pharmalogical way of treatment, reminiscence therapy has to be applied seriously, continiously, regulary and compared to control group. Only that will give us better picture of its value. Keywords: dementia, reminiscence therapy, photo diary, digital device, wellbeing, caregiver 141 B I T DIGNITY AND PRESERVATION OF COGNITIVE T OOK H 'S A E 1 ABILITIES OF THE ELDERLY WITH THE HELP OF O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B ART THERAPY - FRACTAL DRAWING S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Mihaela Kežman, Assistant Professor 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR The aging of the population brings with it various challenges for the elderly. The elderly are less F S OP U E’ and less involved in social activities and often find themselves on the verge of social exclusion. S S TA S Loneliness is one of the main problems of the elderly. On the other hand, with an increasingly C IN IE long lifespan, we are also encountering an intensive increase in the number of dementia diag-A NC BI E noses. This is already approaching the number of 50 million in the world. When diagnosed with L S IT A Y A dementia, we are often faced with a decline in individual dignity. Fractal drawing is a form of ND N A art therapy characterized by various positive effects. That‘s why we were interested in how art D D RT therapy - fractal drawing can be used to promote the cognitive development of the elderly and I S G L N E thus reduce the risk of developing dementia and, at the same time, reduce the loneliness of the I A T D Y elderly by involving them in activities. By engaging in social activities and maintaining cognitive ERS abilities, the elderly also preserve their dignity. For this purpose, we held 8 sets of workshops AN for seniors aged 65 and over. 108 participants were included. The effects of participation in the D S workshops and independent work at home were measured before the beginning and at the end CHOL of the workshops. Whereby we focused on the field of emotional functioning, the field of concen-AR tration and attention, and the field of cognitive skills and, of course, the general state of health. S We found that the condition assessments improved in all individual areas. So we can conclude that art therapy - fractal drawing helps in the development of cognitive abilities of the elderly and thus reduces the risk of developing dementia, thereby preserving the dignity of the elderly. Keywords: elderly, loneliness, dignity, cognitive abilities, fractal drawing 142 THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTION OF B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 INTERGENERATIONAL TOURISM O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Lara Polanec, Student A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Tina Goričan, Student S 02 F4E Mojca Horvat, Student : I RE N S NC Veronika Plankl, Student E E R O V F I E Mihaela Kežman, Assistant Professor CE O UR Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia F S OP U E’ S S TA SC ABSTRACT IN IE A NC B The aging of the population is a phenomenon of modern postmodern society, which, despite I E L S I its negative connotation, also brings new opportunities, including in the field of strengthening T A Y A ND intergenerational relations. Already in the current modern society, we can see the increase of N A D D R intergenerational groups and centers, which prove that this kind of intergenerational gatherings T I S G L really have a positive effect on the psychophysical state of people, otherwise of different gener-N E I A T ations, and at the same time they encourage socialization, broadening of horizons and transfer D Y ER of experiences between generations. Tourism for older adults and intergenerational tourism are S A also gaining more and more importance, which, with a good knowledge of the target group and ND taking into account their needs and wishes, represent a great potential for the tourism sector SCHOL and, consequently, also for the economy, both at the local and national level. This type of touristic activity encourages active aging, and at the same time brings many psychosocial benefits and ARS strengthens the ties between different generations, which have a significant impact on the quality of life as well as aging. In the empirical part, with the help of a questionnaire, we investigated the impact of intergenerational tourism on the establishment of closer mutual ties between grandparents and grandchildren, and at the same time we also checked how important intergenerational contacts are for the younger generation, which has different values and habits than the older generation of veterans. and the Baby Boom generation. We found that the majority of respondents have good relations with their grandparents, and at the same time, with the help of the obtained empirical results, we confirmed the set research hypothesis, since the respondents estimated that joint participation in tourist activities with grandparents has a beneficial effect on their mutual relations and on the frequency contacts and that there is a transfer of important life experiences. Keywords: older adults, intergenerational relations, tourism for older adults, intergenerational tourism, strengthening mutual relations 143 B I T INTERGENERATIONAL COOPERATION T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN THE WORKPLACE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Aljaž Ozimič, Student L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Urška Majcenovič, Student 2 F 4 E : I RE Anja Hazimali, Student N S NC E E Zala Vesenjak, Studen; R O V F I E C Jana Goriup, Professor E O UR F S OP Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC IN I ABSTRACT E A NC BI E In this paper, we will present intergenerational cooperation in the workplace, which we con-L S IT A Y A sider very important. In the theoretical part, we wrote about intergenerational and workplace ND N A cooperation in general, mentoring and its characteristics, intergenerational learning, genera-D D RT tions we know and prejudices that should appear in the workplace. Due to all types of knowl-I S G L N E edge acquisition at the workplace, which have proven to be very important over time, we set I A T D Y the research hypothesis that the expectations regarding mentoring of the older and younger ERS generations are consistent. In doing so, we limited the younger generation to the age of 18 AN to 30, and the older generation to 55 and over. In order to verify the research hypothesis, we D S studied the field of intergenerational cooperation in the workplace with the help of scientific CHOL literature and then carried out an empirical part. In the latter, we researched mentoring at AR the workplace, and 108 participants were involved. Based on all the answers we received, we S found that as many as 97% of younger respondents are convinced that mentoring in the workplace is beneficial, as are 84% of older adults. On the other hand, younger people are convinced that good mentoring is conditioned by knowledge and not only by chronological age. At the same time, we found that with mentoring, stereotypes about different generations that can appear in the workplace are less pronounced. While the older generation recognizes the fresh-ness of ideas and innovation of younger colleagues, the younger generation appreciates the experience of their older colleagues. Keywords: mentoring, mentor, collaboration, intergenerational collaboration, older adults, generations 144 EXPERIENCING AN INTERGENERATIONAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 PERSPECTIVE THROUGH THREE GENERATIONS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Larisa Vesenjak, Student A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Hana Roškar, Student S 02 F4E Sara Skaza, Student : I RE N S NC Marisa Verdev, Student E E R O V F I E Jana Goriup, Professor Emeritus CE O UR Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia F S OP U E’ S S TA SC ABSTRACT IN IE A NC B The enduring elements, such as the core values of any society, are language, traditions and famI E L S I ily roles, which remain constant over time, while the very characteristics and characteristics of T A Y A ND generations change with time and the social environment in which people live. Discontinuity in N A D D R intergenerational relationships also brings conflicts, which can be resolved primarily through T I S G L open communication and intergenerational mentoring. Intergenerational collaborations conN E I A T tribute to the expansion of solidarity and the integration of society. Such collaborations are key D Y ER to the transfer of knowledge between generations and the establishment of bonds between S A generations. At the same time, we were interested in different generations and understanding ND the differences between them. We have focused on intergenerational traumas that are passed SCHOL down from generation to generation and that manifest as the consequences of emotional wounds and difficulties in expressing emotions and the abuse of older adults by family caregiv-ARS ers, which is one of the very serious problems that requires attention. We know several forms of abuse (physical violence, psychological violence, material damage, and active and passive neglect). At the same time, in the empirical work, we focused on researching the intergenerational aspect, namely how the experience of it differs from the perspective of different generations and how this affects their values and mutual relations. We found that the older and the youngest generations are received very positively, while Generation X contributes the most to coexistence and mutual understanding. The majority, i.e. as much as 95% of those surveyed, are convinced that intergenerational cooperation is important. When caring for older adults, there are many ways in which we can ensure their well-being and connect them to each other or integrate them into the community. It is also important to understand individual needs and wishes and adapt activities accordingly. We can conclude that the power of intergenerational cooperation is manifested in the combination of knowledge, experience, and energy of different generations. Keywords: values, learning, intergenerational cooperation, generation, intergenerational trauma 145 B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B DIGITALISATION AND ICT USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IRE ICT USE AND DIGITAL LITERACY AMONG N S NC E E R O OLDER ADULTS THE IMPORTANCE OF V F I E CE O U COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING R F S OP U E’ S S TA SC I Voyko Kavcic, Professor N IE A NC BI E Peter Seljak, Assistant Professor L S IT A Y A N Barbara Grintal, Assistant Professor D N A D D Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia RT I S G L N E I A T D ABSTRACT Y ERS Introduction: In information and communication technology (ICT), accelerated development can AN be detected, which also has a significant impact on the use of ICT and digital literacy among older D SC adults. Internet use and digital literacy in older adults are particularly dependent on cognitive HOL aging, i.e. age-related declines in an individual‘s cognitive abilities, as they find it more difficult AR to learn and develop new skills related to new technology and complex operational procedures. S The purpose of the research was to determine the connections between the internet use and cognitive abilities in older adults. Methods: The research was based on a quantitative methodological research approach. In the processing, we included data from the 8th wave of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which is a panel database of microdata on health, socioeconomic status and social networks of people over 50 years of age in Europe. The data analysis was related to dependent variables in the field of Internet use and independent variables in the field of cognitive capacities in persons over 60 years of age in Slovenia. In the research, we used logistic regression analysis, with which we evaluated the connections between Internet use (dependent variable) and cognitive abilities (independent variables) and in connection with the control variables: gender, age, education and living environment. Results: The results of the research show that there is a strong relationship between Internet use and cognitive abilities, with working memory, as determined by the numeracy test, having a greater association than short-term memory, as determined by the 10-word immediate repetition test. Discussion and conclusions: Based on the results, we can conclude that both in older adults, their cognitive abilities in individuals use the Internet. We can also point out that individuals with reduced cognitive abilities predict a lower use of the Internet. These findings are thus important for intervention designers to improve digital literacy among older adults. Keywords: older adults, SHARE, ICT use, digital literacy, cognitive abilities 146 ICT USE AND DIGITAL LITERACY AMONG OLDER B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ADULTS AN IN-DEPTH QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Barbara Grintal, Assistant Professor A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Peter Seljak, Assistant Professor S 02 F4E Voyko Kavcic, Professor : I RE N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP Introduction: The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is subject to acceler-U E’ S S TA S ated development. On the one hand, such rapid development represents certain positive social C IN IE effects, but on the other hand, it increases the digital divide and digital exclusion of some social A NC B groups, which may include older adults. The purpose of the research was to determine the life I E L S IT A experiences of older adults in the use of modern technologies and their impact on their quality Y A ND of life and social inclusion. N A D D RT Methods: The research was based on a qualitative methodological research approach, in which I S G L N E we used the interview method. Data were collected through in-depth structured interviews. I A T D Y The questions in the interview were formulated on the basis of theoretical starting points. We ERS conducted interviews in the months from June to December 2023 with 17 people over the age of AN 60. In the research, we used the method of descriptive statistics and the method of five-level text D SC analysis, in which we took into account the approach of social construction theory. HOL Results: The results show that there are large differences in ICT use and digital literacy among AR older adults, influenced by a number of external and internal factors. ICT users rate their dig-S ital literacy well and often use ICT for various purposes. They see the reason for using ICT as a long-standing habit, because of their own interest and interest. Non-users of ICT, despite the fact that they have encountered ICT in the workplace in the past, do not see the need, interest or necessity for its use. Both point out that they do not perceive the accelerated digitalization process as social pressure. Discussion and conclusions: Based on the results, we can conclude that the use of ICT and digital literacy are not important factors for older adults for their better quality of life and social inclusion. However, a large digital gap can be detected between users and non-users of ICT, and it only deepens with time. Keywords: older adults, ICT use, digital literacy, quality of life, social inclusion 147 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A PLANNING SMART SILVER VILLAGES AS L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES IN EUROPEAN 2 F 4 E : I RE RURAL AREAS N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U David Bogataj, Professor R F S OP Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC IN IE ABSTRACT A NC BI E L Smart Silver Villages is the sub-theme of the broader European thematic research on Smart and S IT A Y A N Competitive Rural Areas. The European care strategy published last year highlighted the need D N A to develop age-friendly housing and community care services in rural areas, with a dispersed D D RT population and large distances between LTC users. Ageing, poor mobility, and an increasing need I S G L N E for assistance with daily activities have made the development of facilities and access to perI A T D Y E son-centred integrated care services a significant area of social policy and spatial planning in RS rural areas. We developed a decision support model for planning the development of various AN care settings in Smart Silver Villages dependent on given demand dynamics. The paper presents D SC the goal programming model for forecasting demand for different care settings on the 40 years HOL horizon. To know the demand for various specialised housing solutions on this horizon, we creat-AR ed demographic projections of persons needing different intensities of care. To determine these S probabilities, we examined the different age groups regarding their preferred type and location of care settings, including Baby Boomers and Silent and Government or General Issued Generation. The results indicate significant differences across the generational age groups regarding housing and logistics. We determined the optimal construction of facilities and capacities of care networks in Smart Silver Villages of selected NUTS3 regions related to expected demand, considering changing preferences and the impact of digital literacy on these changes. Keywords: social infrastructure, integrated care, age-friendly, housing, smart silver villages 151 B I T SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF RURAL AREAS T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Marija Bogataj, Professor S N E T U O R INRISK Institute, Slovenia A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F ABSTRACT 4 E : I RE N S NC This paper delves into the critical examination of the social infrastructure within rural areas, E E R O highlighting the key components that underpin social well-being and cohesion in these commu-V F I E C nities. Social infrastructure, encompassing educational institutions, healthcare facilities, social E O UR services, and recreational venues, serves as the backbone of rural societies, fostering commu-F S OP U E’ nity resilience and quality of life. Through a qualitative analysis of various rural settings across S S TA S different geographical locations, this study identifies the prevailing challenges that hamper the C IN IE effectiveness and accessibility of social infrastructure in rural areas. These challenges include A NC BI E limited funding, inadequate staffing, physical remoteness, and often, the digital divide that ex-L S IT A Y A acerbates social exclusion. The paper also sheds light on the innovative practices and policies ND N A that have been implemented to strengthen rural social infrastructure, including community-led D D RT initiatives, public-private partnerships, and the integration of digital technologies to bridge I S G L N E service gaps. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic and participatory approach I A T D Y to developing social infrastructure, ensuring that it is responsive to the evolving needs of rural ERS populations. By drawing on case studies of successful interventions, the paper proposes a frame-AN work for enhancing the social infrastructure in rural areas, emphasizing the need for sustainable D SC investment, collaboration across sectors, and the adoption of technology-driven solutions. The HOL study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at empowering rural communities, en-AR hancing social connectivity, and ensuring equitable access to essential services, ultimately conS tributing to the socio-economic development of rural areas. Keywords: infrastructure, rural areas, long-term care 152 PERCEPTION OF RESIDENT OF OLD AND B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 NEW NEIGHBOURHOODS REGARDING SOCIAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N INFRASTRUCTURE BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Visar Emerllahu, PhD Candidate 02 F European Faculty of Law, New University, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC David Bogataj, Professor E E R O Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia V F I E CE O URF SOP ABSTRACT U E’ S S TA S Facilities for education, health and housing, which represent the core of urban social infrastruc-C IN IE ture, are of utmost importance for the development of the human capital of residents. The paper A NC B presents a study regarding access to social infrastructure in Kosovo‘s old and new neighbour-I E L S IT A hoods. The migration trend from rural to urban areas has influenced the urban development of Y A NDN cities. Spatial planning of new neighbourhoods in Kosovo does not prioritize access to social in-A D D RT frastructure, such as access to green spaces, general and specialized medical services, kinder-I S G L N gartens, primary and secondary schools, markets and shops, security of neighbourhoods, access E I A T D Y to facilities for the elderly and public transport. Based on the survey, we found that residents ERS of new neighbourhoods are dissatisfied due to a lack of access to social infrastructure in new AN neighbourhoods. In this paper, we present the attitude of the residents regarding access to social D S infrastructure as the main priority in the urban development of the cities. As a case study, we use CHOL the cities of Ferizaj and Gjilan in Kosovo. AR As part of the city‘s identity, the old neighbourhoods have developed social infrastructure since S the former Yugoslavia, and some residents are satisfied with the urban design and routine services they receive every day. As case studies, we present three neighbourhoods: the New Neighbourhood area in Ferizaj, the Balec Neighbourhood area in Gjilan, and the Zenel Hajdini Neighbourhood in Ferizaj. These examples illustrate social infrastructure development and its impact on residents‘ satisfaction Keywords: new neighbourhoods, old neighbourhoods, urban plan, social infrastructure 153 B I T HOW TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR MEASURING T OOK H 'S A E 1 SOCIAL VALUE OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B LONG-TERM CARE – THE CASE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY S N E T U O R A P A L (REINTEGRATION IN COMMUNITY) L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Suzanna Mežnarec Novosel, Lecturer, PhD Candidate NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I E C Marija Bogataj, Professor E O UR Institute INRISK, Slovenia F S OP U E’ S S TA SC I ABSTRACT N IE A NC B In the Green Paper on Aging, the European Commission emphasizes that the development of I E L S IT A care services in the community takes priority over the development of capacities for institutional Y A NDN care. When organizing care in the community, it is particularly important to statistically monitor A D D RT the number of people who need health and social care by category of care, because to provide I S G L N care within the framework of each category, it is necessary to plan financial expenditures for E I A T D Y long-term care (LTC). The study is based on determining the social value of LTC services, specif-ERS ically home care. We will limit our study to the economic effects and highlight the benefits of AN physiotherapy in reintegration into the home environment. D SC To measure social value over a longer period, an actuarial approach with knowledge of the tran-HOL sition matrix of transitions between individual states of functional abilities and capabilities is AR required. This, however, is different for different long-term care services, as indicated by the esti-S mates of the percentage of transitions to a higher or lower category of care and thus approxima-tions of the probability of transitions. This, in turn, affects the differences in the required amount of funding for long-term care services. In this paper, we present the starting points for the preparation of guidelines for the unification of the methodological approach to data processing, based on the results of the LTC project, which was co-financed by the European Commission. As a method of measuring the economic efficiency of new services in integrated LTC, we present for modern integrated LTC a current method of actuarial mathematics - Multiple transition model, which measures the social value of various solutions in LTC. Keywords: home care, social value, economic effect, multiple transition model, physiotherapy 154 CASH FLOW GENERATED BY SOCIAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 INFRASTRUCTURE OF RURAL AREAS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Valerija Rogelj, Assistant Professor, Researcher A P A L L C C E 2 INRISK Institute, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O This study explores the intricate relationship between social infrastructure development for old-V F I E C er adults in rural areas and its subsequent effect on local economies, particularly through cash E O UR flow generation. Social infrastructure, encompassing health care facilities, senior centers, ac-F S OP U E’ cessible transportation systems, and digital connectivity solutions, is crucial for enhancing the S S TA S quality of life for older adults. However, its economic implications, especially in terms of gener-C IN IE ating cash flow within rural communities, remain underexplored. Through a mixed-methods ap-A NC BI E proach that combines quantitative financial analysis with qualitative case studies, this research L S IT A Y A investigates how investments in social infrastructure contribute to the economic vitality of rural ND N A areas. It examines various models of social infrastructure development, from government-fund-D D RT ed programs to public-private partnerships, and their capacity to create jobs, stimulate local I S G L N E businesses, and attract additional investment. The paper also evaluates the direct and indirect I A T D Y benefits of improved social infrastructure for the older adult population, including increased ERS spending in local economies, enhanced access to services, and the potential for innovative el-AN dercare solutions. Findings indicate that strategic investment in social infrastructure not only D SC improves the well-being of older adults but also acts as a catalyst for rural economic develop-HOL ment, generating significant cash flows through various channels. The study concludes with pol-AR icy recommendations for maximizing the economic benefits of social infrastructure investments, S ensuring sustainable development, and fostering resilient rural economies supportive of their aging populations. Keywords: social infrastructure, retirement villages 155 B I T DESIGNING LIVING ENVIRONMENTS FOR T OOK H 'S A E 1 OLDER ADULTS: DOES THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B CONTRIBUTE TO APPROPRIATE QUALITY? S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Vesna Žegarac Leskovar, Professor 2 F 4 E : I R University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and E N S NC Architecture, Slovenia E E R O V F Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović, Professor I E CE O UR Dušan Ignjatović, Professor F S OP U E’ University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Serbia S S TA SC Nataša Šprah, PhD, Researcher IN IE A NC University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and BI E L S I Architecture, Slovenia T A Y A ND Novak Đukić, Researcher N A D D R University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Serbia T I S G L N E Vanja Skalicky Klemenčič, Professor I A T D Y E University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and RS A Architecture, Slovenia ND SCHOL ABSTRACT A Although the life expectancy of the population has increased in many developed countries RS worldwide in recent decades, life expectancy in Slovenia and Serbia is significantly lower in the indicator category of healthy life years compared to the EU-27 average. Given the phenomenon of an ageing population and simultaneously low healthy life expectancy, the need for immediate and effective measures to improve the quality of life is an important task for modern society. To achieve the latter, a wider range of different measures can be made available to older people. In addition to measures that promote their social and those that contribute to high-quality social and health care, an important task can be seen in improving the quality of the living environment for older adults. This depends to a large extent on national social care systems and also on bind-ing legislation for the construction and design of long-term care facilities. This paper highlights the parts of national regulations that concern the nursing home buildings, highlighting only those articles that relate to the architectural features of these living environments. The countries included in the study are Slovenia and Serbia. In the second phase, the regulations are compared with the guidelines for the design of living environments for the elderly in order to identify missing requirements in both national legal frameworks. The shortcomings of the existing national regulations are highlighted with the aim of validation and comparative criteria analysis of the architectural design elements. The aim of the project is to provide a basis for rethinking the national framework for the design of living environments for older adults, and consequently to encourage the provision of high quality living environments in both countries, Slovenia and Serbia. Keywords: living environment quality, nursing home, architectural features, legal framework, architectural design guidelines 156 MEDICINE B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B NEUROSURGERY AND NEUROSCIENCE: S N E T U O R A P A L L BRIDGING THE GAP FOR BETTER PATIENT CARE C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O THE EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF V F I E CE O U NEUROMODULATION IN TREATING R F S OP U E’ NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS S S TA SC IN IE A NC B Tadej Strojnik, Professor I E L S IT A Neurosurgical Institute, Slovenia Y A ND Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia N A D D RTISG LNE ABSTRACT I A T D Y ER Neuromodulation, a rapidly advancing field at the intersection of neuroscience and technology, S A has witnessed transformative developments in the treatment of neurological conditions over ND the past few decades. This presentation explores the evolution of neuromodulation techniques, SCHOL examining milestones and accomplishments in this field from early attempts at electrical stimulation to the advent of sophisticated neurostimulation devices. Development has been marked ARS by significant strides in understanding and manipulating the complicated neural circuits underlying various neurological disorders. The discussion will extend to the promising future of neuromodulation. Emerging technologies, such as closed-loop systems and advanced brain-computer interfaces, hold the potential to revolutionize treatment paradigms, providing personalized and adaptive solutions. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing stimulation parameters and predicting patient responses opens new frontiers in precision medicine. By unravelling its evolution and anticipating upcoming advancements, this presentation aims to expedite collaboration and innovation, with the goal of enhancing the lives of individuals with neurological disorders. Keywords: neuromodulation, neurological disorders, emerging technologies 161 B I T NEUROSURGICAL VIEW ON THE EUTHANASIA T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Vinko V. Dolenc, Professor S N E T U O R Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F ABSTRACT 4 E : I RE N S NC The personal view of a Neurosurgeon will be presented on the cases of traumatic brain injuries. E E R O When brain trauma lesions are irreparable and when the patient may become a candidate as a V F I E C donor of the organs? Who can define them with certainty? The problem is the unconscious pa-E O UR tient, who can not partake at all? F S OP U E’ The next group of patients are patients with stroke and/or hemorrhage following SAH and who S S TA SC became severely handicapped. What is the meaning of saying: „I do not like to live!“ Personal IN IE A NC experiences on different cases, and different pathologies will be presented and discussed. BI E L S I Keywords: euthanasia, unconscious patient, brain trauma T A Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 162 THE EFFECTS OF CANNABINOIDS ON B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Tamara Lah Turnšek, Professor A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Metka Novak, Assistant Professor S 02 F4E Barbara Breznik, Assistant Professor : I RE N S NC Bernarda Majc, PhD, Lecturer E E R O V Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Slovenia F I E CE O UR Andrej Porčnik, PhD Candidate F S OP U E’ Roman Bošnjak, Professor S S TA SC Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia IN IE A NC B Jernej Mlakar, PhD I E L S IT A Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Y A NDN AD DRT ABSTRACT I S G L N E Glioblastoma is the most aggressive among brain cancers with increasing incidence and high I A T D Y E mortality. As early relapses are unavoidable, despite novel treatment modalities by irradiation RS A and chemotherapy, cannabinoids alone or in combination, have been suggested as complemen-ND tary treatment. Binding to several cell membrane associated receptors, e.g. CB1, GPR55 and SC TRPV, all highly overexpressed in glioblastoma, the cannabinoids signalling leads to reduced cell HOL viability, invasiveness, induced autography and apoptosis in GBM cells. As psycho-activity of THC AR hampers its medical applications, here we replaced it by cannabigerol (CBG), first assayed here on S GBM and its stem cells (GSCs), the latter being the root of therapy resistance. We have optimized the combination of CBD: CBG to 3:1 molar ratio, being twice as cytotoxic to GSCs than GBM cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that selected receptors genes correlated to (GSC) gene markers, and both were significantly overexpressed in GSCs compared with differentiated GBM cells. Keywords: Glioblastoma, therapy, cannabinoids 163 B I T MYTHS & REALITIES ABOUT THE BASAL GANGLIA T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Zvezdan Pirtošek, Professor S N E T U O R University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F ABSTRACT 4 E : I RE N S NC The basal ganglia are a series of interconnected subcortical nuclei consisting of the striatum(cau-E E R O date and putamen), the globus pallidus (internal and external), the subthalamic nucleus, and V F I E C the substantia nigra (pars reticulata and pars compacta). They work in close collaboration with E O UR other brain structures, including the cortex, thalamus, and limbic system and are classically un-F S OP U E’ derstood as forming intricate circuits with interconnected brain regions. For example, the corti-S S TA S co-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop is associated with the motor control, while the mesolim-C IN IE bic pathway connecting the basal ganglia with the limbic system, with motivation and reward A NC BI E processing. The basal ganglia are evolutionarily conserved: their basic anatomy and connectivi-L S IT A Y A ty are preserved across most vertebrates.The function and dysfunction of these nuclei have been ND N A studied intensively in motor control, but more recently studies implicate the basal ganglia in a D D RT broad spectrum of functions beyond movement - in cognition, motivation,in affective control I S G L N E and in reward processing. Dysfunctions in the basal ganglia can lead to disorders like Parkinson‘s I A T D Y disease, Huntington‘s disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, which manifest with both ERS motor and non-motor symptoms. In this talk, we will explore the myths and facts surrounding AN the basal ganglia, particularly emerging critique of the classical model and the non-motor func-D SC tion of the basal ganglia. HOL Keywords: Basal ganglia, connections, dysfunction, non-motor function ARS 164 DBS IN UNRESPONSIVENESS WAKEFULNESS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 SYNDROME - ETHICAL ISSUES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Darko Chudy, Professor, Head of Neurooncology and Funcitional neurosurgery Department A P A L L C C E 2 School of Medicine, University of Zagreb T ON S 0 University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E ABSTRACT R O V F I E C Patients with disorders of consciousness are still on the margins of the vast majority of public E O UR health systems in the world. However, this did not eliminate the problem of continuous medical F S OP U E’ care and therapy of such patients. In the attempts of new therapies, especially those that are in-S S TA S vasive, some specific ethical problems appear, the fundamental problem of which is who decides C IN IE about changing of medical therapy on behalf of patients who are not aware and are not able to A NC BI E see the possible risks as well as the benefits of medical intervention. L S IT A Y A N Keywords: disorders of consciousness, DBS, ethical issues D N A D D RTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 165 B I T EFFECTS OF VIRTUAL REALITY TRAINING T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON THE MOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE UPPER O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B LIMB IN PATIENTS AFTER EARLY STROKE - S N E T U O R A P A L PRELIMINARY RESULTS L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Tadeja Hernja Rumpf, Assistant Professor NC E E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia R O V F I University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC I Introduction: Stroke is a leading global cause of death and disability. Effective rehabilitation for N IE A NC optimal recovery of upper limb motor functions is crucial. Integrating virtual reality (VR) with BI E L S I standard therapy (ST) shows promise in addressing post-stroke challenges. T A Y A ND Objective: A pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of combining VR with ST for early stroke pa-N A D D R tients, focusing on upper limb functionality. T I S G L N E Methods: We included patients after stroke admitted to the neurology department of the Uni-I A T D Y versity Medical Centre, undergoing early neurorehabilitation. The study randomly assigned par-ERS ticipants to experimental (VR + ST) or control (ST only) groups. The program involved two weeks AN of one-hour physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions. The experimental group received D S an additional 15 minutes of Bimeo PRO VR training, involving tasks like reaching and navigating a CHOL labyrinth. Outcome measures included Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Wolf AR Motor Function Test (WMFT) scores, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), MMSE, S and dynamometry, assessed pre- and post-rehabilitation. Results: 37 patients with stroke (22 % hemorrhagic and 78 % ischemic) were included with an average age of 65.9 years (SD = 12.72) and 53 % males. Significantly greater improvements were observed in FMA-UE motor function (p = 0.03), FMA-UE sensation (p = 0.003), and dynamometry (p = 0.000) in the experimental group (VR + ST). Discussion and conclusion: Both groups demonstrated improvement over the two-week observation period. Notably, the experimental group exhibited more significant enhancements in FMA-UE motor function, FMA-UE sensation, and dynamometry. Our results suggest that integrating VR with ST appears promising for enhancing stroke rehabilitation, suggesting a multifaceted therapeutic approach could advance rehabilitation outcomes. Keywords: virtual reality, early stroke, motor function of upper limb 166 HEALTH SCIENCES B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A POSSIBILITIES OF USING ASSESSMENT L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 INSTRUMENTS IN THE NURSING CARE OF THE 2 F 4 E : I RE ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Nataša Štandeker, PhD, Lecturer R F S OP Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC IN IE ABSTRACT A NC BI E L Introduction: With the rapid development of gerontopsychiatry, gerontopsychiatric nursing is also S IT A Y A N developing rapidly alongside it. An adequate assessment of the condition and needs for geron-D N A topsychiatric care represents the first step towards effective planning of care interventions aimed D D RT at ensuring safety and dignity, as well as preserving and restoring the individual‘s abilities. I S G L N E I A The paper‘s purpose is to present the instruments proposed in the literature for determining the T D Y E level of defined dangers in geronto-psychiatric treatment. RS A Method: A scoping literature review has been used. ND S Results: tests and scales are presented in the appendix, for which it follows from the review lit-CHOL erature that it is reasonable and useful to use them to assess potential dangers for an individual, A due to the deterioration of physical and cognitive functions, and the appearance of certain men-RS tal states characteristic of later lifetime period. Discussion: many validated instruments to assess the risk and condition of patients in gerontopsychiatric nursing are available. But the question is, if the registered nurses are aware of the possibility of using the presented instruments and their benefits for planning nursing care, but also, what are the options for implementing these instruments in the nursing process? Keywords: assessment instruments, nursing care of the elderly patients, mental health issues 171 B I T NURSING HOME CARE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Zamira Shabani, Professor S N E T U O R A P Arketa Guli, PhD, Lecturer A L L C C E 2 T ON University of Shkodra “Luigj Gurakuqi”, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Nursing, Albania S 02 F4E: IREN SNC ABSTRACT E E R O V A nursing home, also known as a skilled nursing facility or long-term care facility, is a residen-F I E CE O U tial facility that provides 24-hour nursing care and assistance to individuals who require signif-R F S OP icant medical and personal care. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various factors U E’ S S that impact the care provided to residents, identify challenges and gaps, explore innovative TA SC approaches, and offer recommendations for enhancing nursing home care. The main objective IN IE A NC of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of nursing home care. To BI E L S I conduct this systematic review, we identified and retrieved relevant research studies from var-T A Y A N ious academic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant D N A D D articles. The review identifies several key findings and also examines the effects of nursing RT I S home care on resident outcomes. The review identifies challenges such as staff burnout and G L N E I A retention, communication and collaboration issues among caregivers, and the need to underT D Y E stand and meet the diverse needs of residents. This review can contribute to enhancing the RS A quality of care provided in nursing home settings. It aims to guide policymakers, caregivers, ND and healthcare professionals in implementing changes that prioritize resident well-being and SCHOL improve the overall care experience. A Keywords: home care, nursing, patient satisfaction, quality of care, safety measures RS 172 THE ROLE OF REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Milda Gintiliene, Lecturer A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Daiva Baltaduoniene, Associate Professor S 02 F Kaunas Higher Education Institution, Lithuania 4 E : I RE N S NC Auste Gintilaite, Student E E R O Lithuanian Health Sciences University, Lithuania V F I E CE O URF SOP ABSTRACT U E’ S S TA S Rehabilitation professionals‘ services reduce behavioral, social, and physical problems that can C IN IE cause difficulties in the school environment. Research analyzed and summarized scientific publi-A NC B cations that examine rehabilitation specialists‘ role in inclusive education. I E L S IT A Y A A review of the scientific literature included all full English-language articles available in data-ND N A bases under 10 years old and addressed inclusive education and the role of rehabilitation profes-D D RT sionals. PubMed (MEDLINE), EBSCO Publishing and Google Scholar databases were used during I S G L N E the search, using keywords and their combinations. I A T D Y E The analyzed literature indicates that interdisciplinary collaboration, including health and ed-RS A ucation professionals, is fundamental in providing inclusive education services. Rehabilitation ND professionals involved in inclusive education aim to improve the child‘s academic and functional SC achievements, provide guidance to parents and encourage active participation in and out of the HOL classroom. Effective collaboration between healthcare professionals, the child‘s parents, and AR teachers is essential to the model. S Insights: Intersectoral cooperation is an effective method for including all rehabilitation professionals to work successfully in schools, solving problems corresponding to their competence. To play important roles rehabilitation professionals should be absorbed into the Education Service as resource persons. The analysis of rehabilitation practices of inclusion in the educational process suggest that the current situation of inclusion need to be further modernized and optimized, following the best domestic and foreign practices Keywords: inclusive education, rehabilitation, positive learning 173 B I T SPIRITUAL WOUNDS T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Suzana Vuletić, Professor S N E T U O R Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia A P A L L C C E 2 Catholic Faculty of Theology in Đakovo, Croatia T ON S 02 F Štefica Mikšić, Professor 4 E : I RE Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia N S NC E E Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Croatia R O V F I E C Brankica Juranić, Professor E O UR Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia F S OP U E’ Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Croatia S S TA SC Metka Lipič Baligač, PhD Candidate IN IE A NC Murska Sobota General Hospital, Slovenia BI E L S I Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T A Y A NDN AD DR ABSTRACT T I S G L N E In the contemporary medical approach, increasingly focused on the reductionist treatment of I A T D Y E biological/physical symptoms, the holistic consideration of complementary anthropological di-RS mensions is being neglected. Prolonged chronic pain can dramatically and diagonally impact the AND psychological and spiritual distress of the patient, their relatives, and healthcare workers. SCHOL Under the prolonged pressure of global/total pain, existential suffering, psychological anxiety, depressive anxiety, and life uncertainty, patients are also confronted with a gradual degrada-ARS tion of bodily functions, loss of dignity, and dependence on others, causing spiritual wounds that need to be acknowledged and incorporated into integrative care. The question arises whether healthcare workers are sufficiently educated in this educational segment. Do they even have enough time to understand this element of a holistic approach? Are caregivers or healthcare professionals themselves grappling with a certain professional burnout due to years of exposure to the anxious monitoring of chronic patients? Spiritual wounds are also noticeable in the patient‘s relatives. In the absence of „compassionate relief,“ insufficient social support, excessive empathic immersion in the sensitive care of the patient‘s relative, neglect of their own basic needs, these gradually develop into chronic spiritual wounds. In the absence of developed defense mechanisms, professional supervision, expert monitoring, rotations of demanding positions, spiritual and psychological support, and „palliative relief,“ spiritual wounds in all stakeholders can take the form of chronic pain. Keywords: personalistic treatment, holistic approach, chronic pain, spiritual wounds, palliative relief 174 CASE REPORT OF A PATIENT SUFFERING B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 FROM ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA - MONITORING O B 2 O th F A U A T P N OUTCOMES, HEALTH CARE AND COURSE BS N E T U O R A P OF TREATMENT A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Ivan Pokec, PhD Candidate E N S NC Technical College in Bjelovar, Croatia E E R O Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia V F I E CE O UR Željka Ostović, PhD Candidate, F S OP Medical School Bjelovar, Croatia U E’ S S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia TA SC IN IE A NC BI E L ABSTRACT S IT A Y A N The World Health Organization has published data that more than 55 million people in the world D N A D D suffer from dementia, the most common of which is Alzheimer‘s. Alzheimer‘s dementia is a neu-RT I S rodegenerative disorder and a progressive disease that affects the brain, characterized by per-G L N E I A sonality changes, memory loss, and reasoning abilities. An early sign of Alzheimer‘s dementia T D Y E is forgetfulness. The population equates forgetfulness with aging, which is the most common RS A problem of late disease detection, thus we lose the opportunity to start the treatment process in ND time. Timely diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent the progression of the disease. The SCHOL main treatment of Alzheimer‘s dementia includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved cholinesterase inhibitors ARS (ChEI) and the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist memantine as drugs for the sympto-matic treatment of the disease (improving cognition and reducing loss of independence…). With non-pharmacological treatment, psychotherapies are organized, where it is discovered what was the trigger for the onset of the disease, and the adaptation of behavioral interventions in the environment, and nursing care is planned, which is carried out already at the patient‘s admis-sion. The staff caring for the patient monitors non-verbal communication, tries to communicate in such a way that sentences and questions are short and clear, requiring a simple answer. In a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, the symptoms can be significantly alleviated and the progression of the disease can be reduced. In recent decades, we have witnessed the growth of diseases, which is why intensive efforts of researchers are needed to develop better clinical tools and therapy. Development of new classes of drugs that act on different neurotransmitter systems, both for the treatment of cognitive deficits and for the treatment of behavioral disorders. The aim and purpose of this case report is to describe the manner of occurrence, causes and factors of the disease, treatment, planning and implementation of nursing interventions, and to describe the prevention of the occurrence of the disease and clarify the pathology and pathophysiology. Keywords: Alzheimer‘s disease, dementia, elderly, treatment 175 B I T OPENING OUR EYES TO THE IMPLICIT BIAS T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN NURSING O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Helena Kristina Halbwachs, PhD, Lecturer L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Purpose: Implicit biases are biases that are embedded deep in our subconscious. They strongly in-I E CE O U fluence our judgments and decisions, also in the field of nursing, where they can have detrimen-R F S OP tal effects. Our paper aims to provide the latest findings and raise awareness of this topic, which U E’ S S is rarely addressed in Slovenian nursing. Methods: A rapid literature review was performed using TA SC I the PRISMA model. Articles were searched in Google Scholar for the period from 2020 to 2023 N IE A NC B using the keywords implicit bias nurse OR nurses OR nursing (all in the title). A number of inclu-I E L S I sion criteria (English language, general view on the topic, scientific article) and exclusion criteria T A Y A ND (limitation to specific angle of the topic) were applied. Results: From an initial 37 articles, we N A D D R reduced the number to 14 by reading the titles. A further 11 articles were eliminated by reading T I S G L the abstracts. Finally, 3 relevant articles were identified that addressed general aspects of im-N E I A T plicit bias in nursing. Conclusion: Nurses‘ implicit biases may be related to ethnicity, sexuality, D Y ER age, health status, mental health, substance use and other factors. They are a barrier to equity S A in health care, potentially leading to poor patient outcomes and other consequences. The main ND categories of mitigation strategies are self-awareness, self-reflection, knowledge and skills de-SCHOL velopment. Educational institutions and health care agencies have an important role to play in guiding nurses towards equitable care. ARS Keywords: bias, nurses, health inequity 176 ASSESSMENT OF NURSING CARE PROVIDERS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON THE QUALITY OF NUTRITION OF OLDER ADULTS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N IN A HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Jerneja Raduha, Student 02 F University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Peter Držaj Hospital – Extended Hospital Treatment/Nursing 4 E : I RE N S NC Department, Slovenia E E Faculty of Health Sciences in Celje, Slovenia R O V F I E C Boris Miha Kaučič, Professor, vice-dean for education, Chair of Palliative care E O UR F S OP Faculty of Health Sciences in Celje, Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC I ABSTRACT N IE A NC B Introduction: A balanced diet is one of the factors that significantly impacts the health of older I E L S IT A adults. Therefore, it’s important for healthcare providers to have knowledge about a balanced Y A NDN diet. The purpose of this research was to determine the assessment of nursing care providers A D D RT about the quality of nutrition for older adults in a hospital environment. I S G L N E Methods: We used a quantitative, descriptive research method. Our study included a non-ranI A T D Y E dom, convenience sample of 40 nursing care providers working in the field of nursing for older RS adults and palliative care. We conducted the research using a survey questionnaire as a measur-AND ing instrument, which we developed based on a literature review. The data were analysed in the SC IBM SPSS 25 program. HOL Results: The research showed that the working time of nursing care providers affects their assess-ARS ment of the quality of nutrition offered to older adults in a hospital environment (p=0.001). Also, the age of nursing care providers affects their assessment of nutrition offered to older adults in a hospital environment (p=0.001). Most of nursing care providers surveyed (80 %) believe that they do not have sufficient knowledge about the nutritional problems faced by older adults. 70 % of the surveyed nursing care providers believe that nutritional support for older adults in the clinical environment is inadequate. Discussion: In clinical practice, insufficient attention is paid to a balanced diet. We found that healthcare providers lack the knowledge to provide nutritional care support for older adults. Nursing practitioners cite the need to improve hospital nutrition to provide balanced nutrition for older adults. Keywords: nutrition, older adults, palliative care, nurse 177 B I T THE APPLICATION OF BIOELECTRICAL T OOK H 'S A E 1 IMPEDANCE IN THE ANALYSIS OF BODY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B COMPOSITION IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Nikolina Zaplatić Degač, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R University of Novo Mesto, Faculty of Health Sciences, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR Childhood obesity is one of the most significant public health issues in the 21st century, contrib-F S OP U E’ uting to the development of various metabolic complications. The World Health Organization S S TA S has initiated a series of preventive programs aimed at reducing the rate of childhood obesity. C IN IE One possible method of analyzing body composition in obese children is the use of bioelectrical A NC BI E impedance analysis (BIA). This is a fast and simple way of determining body composition. Unlike L S IT A Y A body mass index, BIA can estimate both body fat (BF) and muscle mass, as well as the amount of ND N A fluids in the body, differentiating between intracellular and extracellular water using regression D D RT equations and parameters of resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PA). The BIA method I S G L N E is based on passing electrical currents through the body and differences in electrical conductivity I A T D Y between the fatty and watery components of the body. It is clinically important to select the ERS most accurate equation for an individual to ensure that clinical interpretations and recommen-AN dations reflect the actual body composition. This paper will provide an overview of research D S results that have used bioelectrical impedance analysis in obese adolescents. For the purposes CHOL of this study, a literature review was conducted (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library), including AR published studies up to December 2022. S Keywords: bioelectrical impedance, body composition, obese, adolescents 178 PUSH AND PULL FACTORS FOR GOING TO WORK B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ABROAD AMONG MEDICAL STAFF: RESEARCH ON O B 2 O th F A U A T P N STUDENT NURSES IN CROATIA BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac, PhD Candidate 02 F University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, Croatia 4 E : I RE N S NC City of Zagreb, City Office for Local Self - Administration, Civil Protection and Safety, Croatia E E R O Danijel Bursać, Assistant Professor V F I E C North University, University Hospital Merkur, Croatia E O UR F S OP Marijan Vinogradac, PhD Candidate U E’ S S University of Zagreb, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Croatia TA SC I Special hospital „Primamed“, Croatia N IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A ABSTRACT ND N A D D Recognizing the pivotal role that medical professionals play in ensuring the well-being of soci-RT I S ety, the research titled „Push and pull factors for going to work abroad among medical staff: re-G L N E search on student nurses in Croatia“ delved into the critical issue of healthcare workforce migra-I A T D Y E tion . Through a survey method involving 154 final-year students from medical high schools and RS A nursing faculties in Croatia, the study investigated the multifaceted factors influencing the de-ND cision of medical staff to seek employment abroad. The statistical analysis encompassed work-SC ing conditions, salary, education, career advancement opportunities, and system fairness, con-HOL sidering the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. The research outcomes not AR only enhance our scientific understanding but also hold substantial practical relevance, shedS ding light on the complexities of population policy and human resource management within the healthcare system. In a global context where healthcare professionals are increasingly drawn to opportunities beyond their home countries, this study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on the challenges and implications of healthcare workforce migration. Keywords: medical staff, health system, emigration, push and pull factors 179 B I T EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF T OOK H 'S A E 1 NEONATES ADMITTED TO GENERAL HOSPITAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B PULA WITH NEONATAL JAUNDICE S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Kristina Mržljak, Expert 2 F 4 E : I R General Hospital Pula, Croatia E N S NC E E Mladen Jašić, Assistant Professor R O V F Special Hospital for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation „Martin Horvat“ Rovinj-Rovigno, Croatia I E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC Neonatal jaundice is the clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia which affects 50 % of term IN IE A NC and 80 % of preterm neonates. Jaundice can be physiologic and pathologic. The aim of this study BI E L S was to present the clinicopathologic features of 208 neonates (term and preterm) diagnosed with IT A Y A N newborn jaundice and hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, D N A D D General hospital Pula, from January 1st 2016 to December 31st 2018. Statistical analysis showed RT I S that newborn jaundice was more common in male newborns (61 %), it was unconjugated in all G L N E I A cases, and the most common comorbidities were insufficient food intake, excessive weight loss T D Y E and prematurity. Phototherapy and phototherapy combined with i.v. infusion successfully treat-RS A ed newborn jaundice in our patients. The median length of hospital stay was 4,7±5,5 days and the ND cost of the stay was 720,7±578,8 euros. SCHOL Keywords: neonatal jaundice; phototerapy; unconjugated hiperbilirubinemia ARS 180 NURSES’ ROLE IN PROVIDING QUALITATIVE AND B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 EFFECTIVE HEALTH CARE SERVICES. AN EVALUATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N OF HOSPITAL NURSING SERVICES BASED ON BS N E T U O R A P QUALITY AND SAFETY HOSPITAL STANDARDS A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Rozarta Nezaj, PhD, Lecturer E N S NC Albanian University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Albania E E R O V F Admir Nake, Professor I E CE O UR University of Medicine, Albania F S OP U E’ Mirela Cela, PhD, Lecturer S S TA S University of Medicine, Albania C IN IE A NC BI E L S I ABSTRACT T A Y A ND Nursing has existed for centuries and has considerably evolved. Referring to the WHO structured N A D D R education, clinical standards and nurse professional associations emerged in the 1800s, proT I S G L gressively raising the quality, competencies and working conditions of the nursing profession N E I A T D (1). The nursing workforce faces different challenges, including adequate numbers, equitable Y ER distribution and retention, quality education, effective regulation, quality and efficiency within S AN universal health coverage (2–4). The nursing role is very important for the quality and safety of D S health care services. The aim of this study is to present an evaluation of the nursing health ser-CHOL vices delivery based on approved criteria for quality and safety hospital standards. Materials and A Methods: Data collection and analyze of the nurse health service criteria based on the external RS evaluation of some hospitals in Albania. Results & Conclusions: After analyzing the evaluations of 18 criteria that are previously set for the quality of nurses’ health services, it resulted for regional hospitals (RH) the fulfillment of these criteria with 91 % for RH No1, 88 % for RH No2, and 100 % for RH No3, and for the municipality hospitals (MH) it resulted 89 % MH No1, 74 % for MH No2 and 98 % for MH No3. Keywords: nursing, health services 181 B I T EYE BIOMETRY OF HEALTHY ADULT T OOK H 'S A E 1 PREPRESBYOPIC PEOPLE IN ZAGREB, CROATIA O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Štefanija Kolačko, PhD L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Martina Hrvačić, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I RE Jurica Predović, Expert N S NC University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Croatia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Introduction: The biometrical characteristics of human eye differ among various populations and S S TA SC are known to change throughout the life time as a consequence of physiological ageing processes. IN IE A NC B Aim: The aim of this study is to measure near emmetropic healthy eyes biometrical values of I E L S I healthy middle aged (prepresbyopic) people in Zagreb County using modern technologies and to T A Y A ND compare these data with data obtained by previous technologies. N A D D R Participants and Methods: Subjects from Zagreb County, aged 18-39 years, were recruited for this T I S G L prospective study. They underwent complete ophthalmic examination prior to inclusion in the N E I A T D study and only those having normal visual acuity were included. Y ERS Results: 152 females (aged 22+/-5 years and 84 males (aged 25+/-6 years) were included in the AN study. AL was 23.65mm in males and 23.45in females. CCT was 568µm in males and 546 µm in D SC females. ACD was 3.12 mm in male and 3.06 mm in female. LT was 3.62 mm in male and 3.65 mm HOL in female. K1 was 42.77 D in male and 43.14 D in female, K2 was 43.50 D in male and 43.95 D in AR female. Minimal macular thickness was 223 µm in male and 222 µm in female. S Conclusion: This is the first survey of biometrical properties of healthy adult human near emmetropic prepresbyopic eyes in Zagreb County measured by optical instruments. These data will contribute to better understanding in ocular morphology and ocular diseses. Keywords: biometry, eye, cornea, lens, macula lutea 182 VIRTUAL STANDARDS OF BEAUTY: HOW SOCIAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 MEDIA AND TELEVISION SHAPE DECISIONS ABOUT O B 2 O th F A U A T P N AESTHETIC PROCEDURES BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Anthony Ban, PhD Candidate 02 F 4 E Branka Ličanin, PhD Candidate : I RE N S NC Pula General Hospital, Croatia E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP Social media, television and a growing awareness of aesthetics are shaping how people see U E’ S S TA S themselves, encouraging consideration of aesthetic treatments. On social networks like InstaC IN IE gram, Facebook and Twitter, idealized looks influence the perception of beauty. Television sets A NC B standards of beauty through shows, commercials and movies. This combination of factors cre-I E L S IT A ates a complex environment that affects the perception of appearance. Pressure from the media Y A NDN can cause insecurity, while the availability of information can educate about options to improve A D D RT one‘s outlook. This dynamic makes aesthetic procedures more attractive, encouraging informed I S G L N decisions according to personal needs. The goal of the research is to determine how social me-E I A T D Y dia and television shape decisions about aesthetic procedures. One general and two auxiliary ERS hypotheses were set: H0: Social media and television are key factors that encourage decisions AN about aesthetic procedures; H1: There are statistically significant differences in the assessment D S of the role of social media and television in shaping decisions about aesthetic procedures in re-CHOL lation to the gender of the respondents; H2: There are statistically significant differences in the A assessment of the role of social media and television in shaping decisions about aesthetic pro-RS cedures in relation to the age of the respondents. The research conducted in Pula and Rovinj included 120 patients who underwent aesthetic procedures. The scaling technique was used in the research part of the work. The instrument that was constructed for the purposes of this research is the Scale for assessing the influence of media factors on decision-making about aesthetic procedures. Based on the research results, we can conclude that all three hypotheses have been confirmed. The obtained results indicate the importance of media factors in making decisions about aesthetic procedures and provide a deeper understanding of the influence of social media and television on the perception and decision-making of individuals regarding aesthetic procedures. Keywords: aesthetic procedures, beauty, social media, standards, television 183 B I T BRAIN INFORMATION PROCESSING ANALYSIS T OOK H 'S A E 1 USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Han Yiyuan, Student L L C C E 2 T ON S Washington University in St. Louis, United States 02 F Muhammad Aqeel, Student 4 E : I RE N S NC Payam Norouzzadeh, PhD E E R O Saint Louis University, United States V F I E CE O U Eli Snir, Teaching Professor R F S OP Washington University in St. Louis, United States U E’ S S TA S Bahareh Rahmani, Associate Professor C IN IE Saint Louis University, United States A NC BI E L S IT A Y A N ABSTRACT D N A D D R The human brain is a complex organ that processes millions of neurons and transmits information T I S G L through billions of synapses. Here, we perform a quantitative analysis of a fluorescent reporter N E I A T of synaptic vesicle release in synapses to gain insights into the underlying patterns of synaptic D Y ER transmission. In these experiments, dissociated rat hippocampal neurons expressing the reportS A er were electrically stimulated with field potential, and fluorescence signals were recorded. We ND S observed a positive correlation between the resting intensity level after stimulation and resting CHOL intensity level before stimulation, peak value, and time interval to peak. These findings provide A valuable insights into the response of individual synapses to electrical stimulation and uncover RS important features of synaptic transmission. Keywords: brain, neurons, synapses, fluorescence intensity, electrical stimulation, statistical analysis, regression 184 BOOSTING CHILDREN’S MOTOR-COGNITIVE SKILLS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN AN ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BRAIN PROJECT WORKSHOPS AND SPORT CAMPS BS N E T U O R A P FOR AGES 3-10 A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Luka Šlosar, PhD E N S NC IKARUS – Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia E E R O Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia V F I E CE O UR Paraskevas Alvanos, PhD, Lecturer F S OP AETOI Thessalonikis, Greece U E’ S S School of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece TA SC IN IE Konstantinos Chatzinikolaou, PhD, Lecturer A NC BI E AETOI Thessalonikis, Greece L S IT A Y A N School of Physical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece D N A D D RTISG L ABSTRACT N E I A T D Introduction: Children’s motor-cognitive development benefits from a multisensory environ-Y ER ment that challenges their perception and adapts to various environmental stimulations. Limiting S AN children to basic stimuli hinders their reception and learning across multiple sensory pathways. D S By adopting enriched environments during diverse educational activities, we can promote multi-CHOL sensory integration. The BRAIN project aims to immerse children in activities within such enriched A settings, allowing them to optimize their motor-cognitive skills to their fullest potential. Through RS multisensory integration, these environments aim to amplify learning outcomes, enhance memory retention, improve cognitive capacities, and enrich the acquisition of motor experiences. Methods: The Consortium, comprising Alma Mater Europaea (Slovenia) and AETOI Thessaloniki (Greece), successfully submitted the BRAIN project in response to the Erasmus+ Sport 2022 call. Within this initiative, workshops and sports camps were held in Slovenia and Greece with dual objectives: first, engaging children in activities within enriched environments; second, educating trainers, sports teachers, educators, and other professionals to autonomously conduct activities in a multisensory environment. To assess the effectiveness of these activities, a questionnaire was administered to the children’s parents and all professional staff, aiming to qualitatively evaluate the acquired knowledge. Results: The professional staff commended the workshops for its clarity, effectiveness, and engaging activities. They found it highly beneficial for their work with children, gaining valuable insights and practical strategies. The interactive sessions ensured a comprehensive understanding of the materials. Parents observed their children’s enthusiasm and positive experiences during the activities, emphasizing the enriched learning and overall experience acquired. Discussion: The programs introduced foster the exploration and development of children’s motor-cognitive potential. Engaging in challenging motor tasks within enriched settings activates essential executive functions crucial for early literacy and academic achievement. Through the BRAIN project, we effectively promote awareness among preschools and stakeholders about the crucial role of multisensory environments in enhancing children’s motor-cognitive skills. Keywords: curriculum update, motor-cognitive development, multisensory environments 185 B I T EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF T OOK H 'S A E 1 CHILDREN WHO UNDERWENT THE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B OBSERVATIONAL PROTOCOL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS S N E T U O R A P A L OF AUTISM (ADOS-2) AT THE ORTHOPEDIC AND L C C E 2 T ON S 0 REHABILITATION HOSPITAL “MARTIN HORVAT” 2 F 4 E : I RE N S ROVINJ-ROVIGNO, CROATIA NC E E R O V F I E CE O UR Mladen Jašić, Assistant Professor F S OP U E’ Renata Peharec, Expert S S TA SC I Dina Dežmar, Expert N IE A NC B Ivana Frančula Modrčin, Lecturer I E L S IT A Y A N Marinko Rade, Professor D N A Orthopedic and Rehabilitation „Martin Horvat“ Rovinj-Rovigno, Croatia D D RTISG LNEIAT ABSTRACT D Y ERS ADOS-2 is an observational protocol that represents the „gold standard“ in the diagnostic pro-AN cess of autism spectrum disorders and is intended for a wide age range of participants (from 12 D S months to adulthood). It enables standardized assessment of communication skills, interaction, CHOL play and overall general behavior of individuals, and structured coding of the same. AR We present epidemiological characteristics of 83 patients who underwent ADOS-2 protocol at S our hospital. Keywords: ADOS-2, autism, pervasive developmental disorder 186 B I T T EXPERT PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A CRITICAL THINKING, CLINICAL REASONING L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 AND DECISION MAKING 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Peter Kamničar, Lecturer R O V F I E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC I Sweeping changes in health care and in nursing education – many driven by information techN IE A NC B nology and research on best practices that improve safety, quality, and learning while reducing I E L S IT A costs – are revolutionizing the way we think, learn, and give patient care. Although the amount Y A ND of change we deal with on a daily basis can sometimes feel overwhelming, we somehow have N A D D R to keep up with it. We will cover everything necessary for critical thinking, clinical reasoning and T I S G L decision making, and success in the 21st century practice and education. Critical thinking, clinical N E I A T reasoning, and decision making are terms used interchangeably in the literature to represent the D Y ER cognitive process that supports safe and effective patient care. S AN Critical thinking is our ability to focus our thinking to get the results we need – makes the differ-D S ence between whether we succeed or fail. It makes the difference between keeping us and our CHOL patient safe and being in harm‘s way. AR Clinical reasoning and decision making refers to the process we use to think about patient prob-S lems in the clinical setting. Nursing education requires long-term perspectives and strategies for promoting nursing students critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and decision making skills competence. Nursing education needs teaching and learning methods that enhance problem solving skills in clinical situations and ways that improve self-efficacy. Keywords: critical thinking, clinical reasoning, decision making, patient care, patient safety 187 B I T HEAD INJURIES IN THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOL T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN THE BLOOD IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Ksenija Zbičajnik, Expert L L C C E 2 T ON S University Medical Centre Maribor, Emergency Center, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Introduction: In the emergency department, head injuries represent a large proportion of treatI E CE O U ments. As such, injuries are a leading cause of severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. From R F S OP the literature, we can understand that there is a strong connection between alcohol poisoning U E’ S S and an increased risk of all types of injuries, so head injuries are no exception. In Europe, it has TA SC I been proven that alcohol in the blood accompanies as many as 24-25% of patients with a head in-N IE A NC B jury. Data from the NIJZ show that even in Slovenia alcohol use begins very early in adolescence, I E L S I as a fifth of 11-year-olds already consume alcoholic beverages. Head injuries in the emergency T A Y A ND department require multidisciplinary treatment and intensive and continuous monitoring of the N A D D R patient. However, the results of treatment are not always encouraging. Many of the injured are T I S G L younger and their outcome is often death. N E I A T D Methods: We used a systematic review of the literature to review the literature and create theY ER oretical starting points. To obtain information from the clinical environment, we will use an al-S AN ready existing database with the help of which, after obtaining the consent of the ethics commis-D S sion of the UKC Maribor, we will systematically analyze the data. We will analyze the number of CHOL treatments for head injury patients with the presence of alcohol in the blood. AR Results: Research and consensus building are ongoing. Conclusion: research in progress. S Keywords: alcohol, cohort study, intoxication, neurotrauma, traumatic brain injury 188 ANALYSIS AND CORRELATION OF WORK B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 LOCUS OF CONTROL AND LIFE SATISFACTION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE BS N E T U O R A P REPUBLIC OF CROATIA A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Marija Arapović, Lecturer E N S NC E E Anica Kuzmić, Lecturer R O V F I E C Nikolina Zaplatić Degač, Lecturer E O UR F S OP Vesna Hodić, Lecturer U E’ S S University North, Croatia TA SC IN IE A NC B ABSTRACT I E L S IT A Y A N The work of healthcare professionals is often demanding and stressful, directly impacting their D N A emotional, physical, and mental well-being. Life satisfaction among healthcare workers is conD D RT sidered crucial as it can influence the quality of healthcare provision. They are compelled to adapt I S G L N E daily to changing work demands and new tasks, requiring significant effort and dedication. This I A T D Y E adaptability stems from their „locus of control.“ Individuals perceiving a higher degree of interRS nal control and believing in their ability to manage daily work tasks achieve better results. AND To analyze and compare the locus of control with the level of life satisfaction among healthcare SCHOL workers in the Republic of Croatia. A The research was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire containing participants‘ socio-RS demographic information and standardized scales: Spector‘s Work Locus of Control Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. A total of 102 healthcare workers participated in the study, conducted in November in the Republic of Croatia. Non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon W test, were employed for data analysis. The results indicated that healthcare workers tend to have an external locus of control, and those with an internal locus of control exhibit higher levels of life satisfaction. Healthcare professionals, in addition to their extremely stressful jobs, often juggle roles as parents and spouses, making it challenging to strike a balance between work and family. All these factors highlight the need for further research to shape activities aimed at enhancing the level of satisfaction among healthcare workers and promoting an internal locus of control. Keywords: Locus of control, life satisfaction, healthcare workers 189 B I T THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN NEONATAL T OOK H 'S A E 1 RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME AND THE USE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B OF NON-INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Darja Šparakl, Expert 2 F 4 E : I R University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia E N S NC E E Šefik Salkunić, Lecturer, PhD Candidat R O V F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia I E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC Theoretical background: Respiratory distress in newborns is an urgent condition that often af-IN IE A NC fects premature babies and newborns, otherwise less often newborns who have completed 37 BI E L S to 42 weeks of gestational age. It is an emergency and quick action is important. In this, the perIT A Y A N formance of the nurse plays an important role, who must have good knowledge to recognize D N A D D typical signs and act correctly in the event of respiratory distress in a newborn. RT I S G L Methodology: A quantitative method was used with the processing of analytical data. The survey N E I A T included 45 nurses, midwives and doctors from the Neonatal Intensive Care and Therapy Unit D Y ER and the Paediatric Intensive Care and Therapy Unit at the Maribor University Clinical Center. The S A data we collected were processed with the help of graphs and tables, and we used the IBM SPSS ND S program for data analysis. CHOL Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 45 nurses, midwives and nurses. In the research A that we analysed, we found that 97,7 % of the majority nurses have the correct measures and of-RS fer help to the newborn in case of respiratory distress. 100 % of respondents answered correctly and have very good knowledge to recognize the typical signs that indicate respiratory distress in a newborn. The majority nurses who participated in the survey agree with additional training and education. Discussion: The research answered the research questions and confirmed two of the three hypotheses. With the help of the results of the survey, we found that nurses‘ medical knowledge in the field of respiratory distress of newborns is good. Nurses want additional education and training in the research concept of newborn respiratory distress. We found that nurses with many years of experience in intensive care and therapy units do not have more knowledge and are not more qualified to solve the respiratory distress of a newborn. Keywords: newborn, respiratory distress of the newborn, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, the role of the nurse in the newborn 190 HUMANITIES B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B HOW TO CREATE A MORE SUSTAINABLE S N E T U O R A P A L L MACRO-ECONOMIC CONCEPT FOR THE FUTURE C C E 2 T ON S 02 F EUROPEAN SOCIETIES – AN INSPIRATION FROM 4 E : I RE N S NC THE RENAISSANCE E E R O V F I E CE O UR WELCOME ADDRESS F S OP U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC BI E L S THE NEW EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND IT A Y A ND OUR FUTURE N A D D RTISG LNEIA Andraž Ivšek, Expert T D Y E Slovenian Science Foundation, Slovenia RS AND S ABSTRACT CHOL My contribution traced the emergence of the New European Renaissance from the starting point, AR the preparation of the New European Renaissance Manifesto as a founding document through the S ‚Towards a New European Renaissance, It‘s About People 2023‘ conference of 17 March 2023, organised by Alma Mater Europaea, to the present day. I mentioned the main themes of the New European Renaissance and the expected impact of the concept on Europe and the world, with an emphasis on human dignity, fundamental values and a European way of life that that puts the human in the centre. What Europe needs now is inclusiveness and sustainability, and to prepare for the major changes brought about by the green transition, technological evolution and globalisation. It needs to develop a strategic action plan and strengthen its capacity to act autonomously in a way that protects its values and way of life. With this strategic plan, it could also help shape the global future for all of us. Europe is capable of leading the response to global challenges by leading the way in the fight against climate change through the promotion of sustainable development and through the promotion of a distinctive model of cooperation. Today‘s global challenges require complex solutions, which is why we need new, outstanding know-how and, above all, courage, which are fundamental values of the Renaissance. The new European Renaissance is a concept of a new architecture, a high responsibility to address climate change and global energy challenges, a new way of (co-)existence, and the use of new digital technologies that are wise and humane, including artificial intelligence. There is a growing number of experts who believe that developments around the world are calling once again for a new ethical approach at all levels of society. What we need is a humanist vision of Europe and of the world as a whole, and this is where the inspiration of the Renaissance can serve us well. At the beginning of the New European Renaissance, a manifesto for a New European Renaissance was created as a guideline for the rebirth of Europe and a message of humanism and Renaissance for today and for our common future. The manifesto in its first sentence reads: The situation in the world today is critical in many ways and calls for a responsible and well thought out response. For perhaps the first time in history, we are witnessing the realization that all human beings are bound to the same destiny on our common planet Earth ... Keywords: new European renaissance manifesto, global challenges, human dignity, global future, sustainability 195 B I T HOW TO CREATE A MORE SUSTAINABLE T OOK H 'S A E 1 MACRO-ECONOMIC CONCEPT FOR THE FUTURE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B EUROPEAN SOCIETIES – AN INSPIRATION FROM S N E T U O R A P A L THE RENAISSANCE L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Janez Potočnik, PhD, former European Commissioner for Science and Co-chair UNEP NC E E International Resource Panel (IRP), Partner SYSTEMIQ and Member Club of Rome R O V F I E CE O URF SOP ABSTRACT U E’ S S Our consumption and production patterns, designed and championed by industrialised world, TA SC I are wasteful and unjust. If we do not change them, we will face increasingly severe environmen-N IE A NC B tal impacts, while not having even basic human needs met. I E L S IT A GRO24 is a ground-breaking scientific document, a guide to a sustainable and just world. IRP re-Y A NDN search is showing that the unsustainable resource use is driving the triple planetary crisis. In to-A D D RT tal, global material use has increased by over a factor 3 since 1970. It is projected to grow from I S G L N approximately 100 billion tons in 2020, to 160 billion tons in 2060. Our research is showing that E I A T D Y we need a fundamental systemic shifts in how we use resources. In high-income countries abERS solute decoupling should be the aim: decreasing material use, while maintaining or improving AN wellbeing outcomes. In low and some middle-income countries relative decoupling should be D S the aim. CHOL GRO24 is setting the order right. We propose to focus on most resource intensive provisioning AR systems - built environment, mobility, food, and energy, which represent 90% of global ma-S terial demand. Supply side polices, currently receiving most of the policy attention, should be complemented with demand and consumption related policies. And resource efficiency policies should be complemented with resource sufficiency optic. Our report in a Sustainability Transitions scenario shows pathway how we can improve environmental outcomes and raise equality. Decarbonisation and decoupling must go hand in hand. We need consistency among how we try to solve climate and other environmental and social targets and challenges. We are indebting future generations, financially and by depleting the Nature. Apparently, we humans are the most intelligent spices on this planet. It is high time to prove it. More than an economic or a technological choice, this is indeed a moral choice. The future will be green or there will be no future. Keywords: GRO24, planetary crisis, IRP research, sustainability transitions scenario, decarboni-sation, decoupling 196 QUALITY-LED GROWTH, LIBERAL EDUCATION, B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND THE ‚NEW CLASS‘ O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Teun J. Dekker, Professor A P A L L C C E 2 University College Maastricht, Netherlands T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Europe is currently facing a number of economic challenges, including anaemic growth, low proV F I E C ductivity, and a dearth of successful entrepreneurs. This is worrying. To understand the issue, it E O UR is helpful to distinguish between ‚quality-led‘ growth (growth based on developing new prod-F S OP U E’ ucts and solutions) and ‚quantity-led‘ growth (growth based on producing existing products S S TA S more efficiently and in greater volumes). While the Renaissance was characterised by quality-led C IN IE growth, the Industrial Age was marked by a shift to quantity-led growth. This resulted in a huge A NC BI E increase in economic prosperity. However, quantity-led growth has now reached its limits, and L S IT A Y A so a shift back to quality-led growth is required. This can be facilitated by educational reform. ND N A While quantity-led growth requires single-disciplinary, teacher-centred education that is fo-D D RT cused on efficiency, this education is unsuited for fostering the kind of innovation and creativity I S G L N E that quality-led growth requires. Such economic development requires a more liberal education I A T D Y that is characterised by multidisciplinary, student-centred learning and relational conceptions ERS of academic community. Educational reform along these lines is essential to achieving a second AN Renaissance that will enable Europe to compete in a globalised economy. D SC Keywords: quality-led growth, quantity-led growth, liberal education, educational reform HOL ARS 197 B I T TOPIC: LANGUAGE, GLOBALIZATION AND T OOK H 'S A E 1 CULTURAL LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Albana Tahiri, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Albanian University, Faculty of Social Sciences. Department of Education and English, Albania 02 F 4 E Besnik Rama, PhD, Lecturer : I RE N S NC Specialist at the Ministry of Education and Sports, Albania E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP During the last decades, the demographic changes in our country have significantly increased the U E’ S S TA S cultural diversity of the student population in pre-university education institutions. C IN IE A NC The basis of our thesis is the importance of the role and work of educational institutions for the BI E L acceptance, registration, respect and integration of every child, regardless of his background. S IT A Y A N The methodology of this paper is based on the literature of the Ministry of Education and Sports, D N A D D as well as in the Pre-University Education Curriculum of the Republic of Albania . National Educa-RT I S tion Strategy-Albania (2021-2026 ) on observations and research of many years of personal ex-G L N E I A periences in the field of teaching in pre-university education ( inclusion according to age groups, T D Y E according to educational levels with codes 0, 1, 2 and 3 ( with code 0), education preschool; with RS A code 1“, primary education; with code 2“, lower secondary education; with code 3“, upper sec-ND ondary education.) SCHOL The paper aims to answer questions such as: How much and how is cultural diversity reflected A in our curricula ? How prepared are teachers, especially those with initial training, to manage RS teaching practices against discrimination. Coming to the conclusion that; the main challenge is overcoming obstacles and finding educational opportunities to achieve success. Acceptance and recognition of the cultural background of the students, enriching the educational teaching content where the role of school partners creates the maintenance of a positive attitude towards quality learning at school. The professional development of teachers should include training programs in the multi-cultural reality. Keywords: language, globalization, linguistic diversity, national minority, curricular framework 198 THE ALBANIAN VALUE SYSTEM, THEIR APPROACH B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 TO DEMOCRATIC VALUES AND THE ROLE OF JUSTICE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Adriana Anxhaku, Assistant Professor A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Klara Sula, PhD Candidate S 02 F University of Tirana, Albania 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U TheDemocratization studies, conceived as an analysis of the processes of changing political sys-R F S OP tems and the rights they provide, are inevitably linked to a concept and reality such as society‘s U E’ S S values. The fall of non-democratic regimes and the transition to democracy is accompanied by TA SC the real demand for the existence of democratic values in the population in order to obtain dem-IN IE A NC ocratic institutions. Even the consolidation of democracies has a permanent conditioning on the BI E L S I values of the population and the conformity of the main values of politics with the democratic T A Y A N values but at the same time with the traditions of the communities. D N A D D R Within this wide universe of problems, the study of democratization, as the process of transition T I S G L to democracy in Eastern Europe is called, occupies a special place. This is so because, together N E I A T D with the successor states of the Soviet Union, the states of Eastern Europe shared a common po-Y ER litical ideology from which they came out and which left a strong imprint on the middle genera-S A tion of transition citizens. The formation of a democratic state with a set of rights became one of ND S the goals of many citizens in these countries. CHOL The apparent inability of these societies to free themselves from these various challenges and to A face them has also been determined by the tradition of a traditional value system, significantly RS complicating the future. Especially the evaluative attitude of the citizens towards mainly state politics requires a harmonization of the basic values of the politics with those of the citizens. That is, the expectations of the citizens from the state should not be different from those of the politicians who come to power. The issues that will be discussed are: What are some of the typical Albanian values in the historical tradition, the connection with the politics of these values? How have they changed during the transitional dictatorship? What are some ways of aligning traditional values with democratic values? The necessity of combining political values with those of citizens. The role of justice as a regulation of interest and conflict of values. Albanian value system, their approach to democratic values and the role of justice. Keywords: democratization, transition, historical tradition, political values, traditional values 199 B I T STRENGTHENING CYBERSECURITY IN THE T OOK H 'S A E 1 WESTERN BALKANS: THE ROLE OF THE WESTERN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B BALKANS CYBER CAPACITY CENTRE (WB3C) S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Tal Pavel, PhD 2 F 4 E : I R The Institute for Cyber Policy Studies, Israel E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR The Western Balkans face emerging cyber threats that generally mirror global threats with in-F S OP U E’ creasing incident reports received by national authorities. The attacks have become much more S S TA S sophisticated and tailored mainly by cybercriminals for economic purposes, alongside emerging C IN IE cyber threats by nation-state hackers. A NC BI E L S Such ongoing and even emerging cyber threats by different malicious actors raise the need for IT A Y A N determined, coordinated countermeasures, locally and regionally. D N A D D R One such initiative is the Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C), initiated in November T I S G L 2022 by France, Slovenia, and Montenegro, which granted the status of an international organ-N E I A T isation in October 2023. The main aim of the new centre is to strengthen the operational and D Y ER structural capacities of the Western Balkan countries in the fight against cybercrime, aiming to S A provide training for regional experts on cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyber diplomacy and person-ND al data protection. SCHOL The paper analyses both the WB3C initiative, aim, context and activities while looking into the A future of expanding the role of WB3C in enhancing cyber capacity in Western Balkans and the RS contribution of Slovenia to the current, ongoing and future regional cyber resilience activities. Keywords: WB3C, Cybersecurity, Resilience, Slovenia, West Balkans 200 THE EVOLUTION OF THE JOURNEY METAPHOR B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN ALBANIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON O B 2 O th F A U A T P N EUROPEAN INTEGRATION BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Ledia Kazazi, PhD, Lecturer 02 F University of Elbasan „Aleksander Xhuvani“, Albania 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Political discourse heavily relies on metaphor usage to frame how the public views or under-R F S OP stands political issues by eliminating alternative points of view. One of the most common usages U E’ S S of metaphors is to positively represent future scenarios that are constructed as solutions to exist-TA SC I ing problems thus conceptualizing an ideal Utopia or the good projected in some remote space N IE A NC B in time. Through the activation of unconscious emotional associations metaphors contribute to I E L S I the “creation” of a desired story and politicians have to tell the right story in order to persuade T A Y A ND the public opinion and serve their ideological purposes. Since the fall of communism, Albanian N A D D R politicians have mainly relied on the JOURNEY metaphor to conceptualize Albania’s EU accession T I S G L process. This particular metaphor frame is very frequent in public debates as well as in everyday N E I A T language use. It is part of a system of JOURNEY/TRANSPORT metaphors that pervades our concep-D Y ER tualization of processes extending over a period of time. S AN Through a corpus of speeches collected during the last five years this paper aims at analyzing how D S Albanian politicians use the JOURNEY metaphors to shape their political and ideological objec-CHOL tives. Even though different usages of the metaphor are noticed, it mostly implies an imperative A for the country to learn, mature and transform during the EU integration process. RS Keywords: conceptual metaphor, framing, persuasion, political discourse, Albania 201 B I T JOSEPH OF EGYPT: QUEER ELEMENTS OF T OOK H 'S A E 1 PATRIARCH’S NARRATIVE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Ignac Navernik, PhD Candidate L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ISH, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The story of Joseph, who was sold into slavery by his brothers in Canaan, and after various twists I E CE O U and turns in a foreign land than becomes the saviour of Egypt and the surrounding peoples (in-R F S OP cluding his own clan), is one of the better-known biblical narratives. At the centre of paper are U E’ S S ambiguous elements of the story that point to transcending a narrow heteronormative interTA SC I pretation of the Biblical person. Joseph receives a special tunic from his father (Hebrew: ketonet N IE A NC B passim). Judging by the reaction of the brothers, it is obviously a garment of prestige and disI E L S I tinction, an undeserved choice for inheritance (as is Joseph‘s ability to interpret dreams and his T A Y A ND ascension to power). It is difficult to determine what is special about this tunic. The Hebrew text N A D D R uses the same phrase only in one other place, in 2 Sam. 13:18–19, where it could be understood as T I S G L a princess dress. The Greek translation LXX refers to it as ‚a robe of many colours‘, but it is hard to N E I A T decipher the exact meaning. It could be a tunic with long sleeves, or one that reaches the ground. D Y ER It could also be an especially fine fabric, very translucent. In particular, the latter interpretation S A could be linked to erotic connotations and feminine attributes. Similarly, the categories of activ-ND ity and passivity that in antiquity correspond to masculinity and femininity are reflected in the SCHOL narrative. For the most part of the story, Joseph is presented as passive: his brothers overpower him, then sell him to traders, and Potiphar delivers him to prison. Therefore, Joseph is constantly ARS in a passive role. Men have power over him. And also, women, exactly: Potiphar’s wife, who performs masculine deeds in taking active position in wanted intercourse. In this sense the personality of Joseph has a strong queer gesture. Keywords: Bible, queer, theology, dress code, antiquity 202 AN ANALYSIS OF B. MALAMUD’S PROSE FROM THE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 PERSPECTIVE OF I. KANT’S MORAL PHILOSOPHY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Shpetim Madani, Professor A P A L L C C E 2 Academy of Armed Forces, Albania T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O This paper seeks to examine the prose of Jewish American writer Bernard Malamud (1914-1986) V F I E C through the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a towering Enlightenment figure that has had E O UR a tremendous impact on intellectual circles to date. Based on qualitative research, the study be-F S OP U E’ gins with a brief introduction into Kant’s ethical outlook, which is deontological rather than util-S S TA S itarian. In other words, for an action to be deemed morally right it has to be primarily motivated C IN IE by duty, not personal desire or goal. The duty-based ethics is manifested through the categorical A NC BI E imperative, considered as the universal law, whereby motives for a certain act are assessed. In L S IT A Y A this regard, there exists a significant similarity between Kant’s ethical beliefs and those of Mal-ND N A amud, whose fiction highlights the embrace of moral values and one’s moral responsibility to-D D RT ward others, in a world governed by greed and self-interest without showing consideration for I S G L N E one’s fellow beings. Following a close analysis of Malamud’s major works, it is concluded that the I A T D Y transformation of the Malamudian hero from an initially egotistical and self-indulgent individual ERS to an altruistic and self-sacrificing person materializes in the manner of Kant’s moral philosophy. AND Keywords: Kant, moral philosophy, duty, Malamud, moral responsibility SCHOL ARS 203 B I T CHALLENGES OF WOMEN REFUGEES IN MALAYSIA: T OOK H 'S A E 1 MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Suhaini Muda, PhD, Lecturer L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Laila Suriya Ahmad Apandi, Associated Professor 2 F 4 E : I RE Nur Syakiran Akmal Ismail, Professor N S NC E E Norhafezah Yusof, Professor R O V F I E Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia CE O URF SOP Norsuhaily Abu Bakar, Associated Professor U E’ Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia S S TA SC IN IE A NC B ABSTRACT I E L S IT A Y A Being one of the countries that has not yet having legislation that granting asylum or refugee ND N A status in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its D D RT 1967 protocol has given negative impact to the image of Malaysia internationally. At the same I S G L N E time, the arrival of the refugees and asylum-seekers to this country are bringing together with I A T D Y them the culture from their countries that is not appropriate here as well as suffering a lot of ERS traumatic experiences along the way to come here. They are also being seen as liability to the AN country. Employing the qualitative research of in-depth interviews, this study aims to discov-D S er the real issues of women refugees from the multiple stakeholders perspectives including CHOL the experts, authorities, practitioners, and the refugees themselves to lead further research AR to empower women refugees in the country. The findings mainly provide information for the S researchers and those involve in the field, of the refugees challenges and also government limitations in dealing with that. Keywords: women refugees, women refugees challenges, UN Convention, multiple stakeholder perspectives 204 B I T T EXPERT PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 ASSEMBLY IN THE CODIFICATION AND 2 F 4 E : I RE PROMULGATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF N S NC E E R O FRIENDLY RELATIONS AMONG STATES V F I E CE O URF SOP Uroš Popadić, Expert U E’ S S TA S European Center for Peace and Development, Serbia C IN IE A NC BI E L S ABSTRACT IT A Y A ND The Paper traces the evolution of the principle of friendly relations between states as an integral N A D D R part of international law in the United Nations General Assembly. From the first codification in T I S G L 1970 until today, this idea that states should attempt to be part of a friendly global communi-N E I A T ty has contributed to the wider understanding of human dignity and worth. There is no greater D Y ER value than peace, and the UN has been the driving force behind a general and global peace for S A almost 8 decades. ND S The paper examines the contribution to international relations and international law which CHOL this codification has had. The paper uses a qualitative and descriptive narrative and ideographic A methodology to examine the concept of friendly relations and its evolution through time. The RS first part examines the very codification and the first resolutions of the General Assembly that promote this idea. The second part follows the evolution of the concept in the GA and the Security council over the following decades. The third part analyzes the conduct of states which have accepted this principle, and the results which they got from applying the principle in practice. Keywords: United Nations, general assembly, friendly relations, international law, legal codification 205 CULTURAL FORMATIONS B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A FILM: SUBVERSION OF LIGHT AND SOUND L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Uroš Zavodnik, Assistant Professor E N S NC Dance Academy, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Film is a play of light, which is projected on a big cinematographic screen, as well of sound, S S TA S which supports this play. It appears a unique subversion, as the light turns off in a cinema the-C IN IE A NC atre, a play with the spectator the film author creates it – a director together with his team of BI E L diverse authors (screen writer, actors, set designers, dop etc.). More the director is capable of S IT A Y A N awareness, how powerful the film art is through that kind of subversion, more he is capable D N A to integrate the spectator into his narration, which he creates on the set foremost on a visual D D RT level, as well through the sound. He is capable to direct the spectator into his-director’s vi-I S G L N E sion, which can or should be limitless. The limitations are in production design (cinematic tech-I A T D Y E nique), also on a level of imagination, yet the computer animation and VFX effects are erasing RS the limits and making impossible possible. Here is still the subversion on a light and sound AND level inside the dark cinema theatre, where the big white screen is to find together with the SC sound system in it. Here the spectator is alone with the ‘play’ on the big screen, which the film HOL author cannot predict in its whole dimension. ARS Keywords: film art, cinema, subversion of cinema, film director 209 B I T SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY IN THE FACE T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF THE DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Anja Hellmuth Kramberger, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ISH, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Cultural heritage is a fragile, non-renewable resource. It is increasingly threatened by a variety I E CE O U of factors, including natural geological processes and climatic changes, but also anthropogenic R F S OP threats in the form of construction activities or development and agriculture. A further dimen-U E’ S S sion of the threat to cultural heritage is represented by wars, armed conflicts and, in this conTA SC I text, the targeted destruction of monuments and sites, looting of museums, illegal trade in ar-N IE A NC B tefacts and illegal excavations. These are problems that have been threatening cultural heritage I E L S I for decades, particularly in the Middle East, the cradle of civilization – Mesopotamia. On the one T A Y A ND hand, the presentation is intended to provide an overview of the cultural formations of the an-N A D D R cient Near East as the cradle of civilization, and on the other hand to point out existing threats T I S G L in the affected regions as well as strategies for the sustainable handling, use and protection of N E I A T threatened cultural heritage. D Y ER Keywords: destruction of cultural heritage, Near East, Mesopotamia, protection, sustainability S AND SCHOL ARS 210 BERCHTESGADEN IN THE SHADOW OF A DARK B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 HERITAGE: REMNANTS OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM O B 2 O th F A U A T P N THROUGH FIELDWORK BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Daniel Siter, Research Assistant, PhD Candidate 02 F Alma Mater Europaea – ISH, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC Researcher, International Research Centre for Second World War Maribor, Slovenia E E R O V F I E C ABSTRACT E O UR F S OP In December 1924, Hitler went to Berchtesgaden on the border with his native Austria. In Ober-U E’ S S salzberg, in a small wooden cabin („Kampfhäusl“), he continued with the second volume of Mein TA SC I Kampf. Later, he arranged the famous and majestic Berghof, initially renting an alpine holiday N IE A NC B cottage under the coordination of Martin Bormann. Berghof is still often confused with the Ea-I E L S I gle‘s Nest, Hitler‘s teahouse on the towering peak of the Obersalzberg mountain range. Berghof, T A Y A ND now reduced to ruins, bricks, stones, pits, telecommunications wiring, protruding wires, support N A D D R pillars, walls, and a few pieces of asphalt from the access road in the overgrown forest, served T I S G L Hitler as an alpine retreat for rest and withdrawal but, as the author will demonstrate, actu-N E I A T ally became the second seat and nerve centre of Nazi Germany (Hitler spent more time only in D Y ER Berlin). It was the focal point for the highest-ranking Nazi officials and politicians. Berghof was S A where the most crucial military, political, and economic decisions of the Third Reich were made, ND including the planning of Operation Barbarossa. At the war‘s end, it was planned that the Wehr-SCHOL macht, along with the leadership of Germany, would retreat to the so-called „Alpine Fortress,“ from where the last resistance would be conducted. The entire Obersalzberg and the wider sur-ARS roundings were crisscrossed with underground systems of heated, electrified, well-ventilated tunnels, living spaces, bunkers, machine nests, and storage facilities for weapons and essential supplies. In the end, the megalomania of the Nazi utopia was extinguished in the underground bunker in Berlin. In his paper, the author will methodologically rely on field research conducted in previous years, as well as primary archival and museum documents (letters, postcards, correspondences, reports, and visual materials) from the Documentation Center Obersalzberg and the Memorial Educational Center of World War II Obersalzberg. The analysis will also include reference literature and published memoirs. Keywords: Berchtesgaden, Obersalzberg, Berghof, Mein Kampf, Alpine Fortress, National Social-ism 211 B I T PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND DIGNIFIED TREATMENT T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 OF HUMAN REMAINS IN ARCHAEOLOGY O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 MUSEUMS AND THE DIGNITY OF HUMAN REMAINS: 2 F 4 E : I RE THE CASE OF THE SMELL OF MUSEUM OBJECTS N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Mojca Ramšak, Professor R F S OP University of Ljubljana, Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC IN IE ABSTRACT A NC BI E L S The handling of human remains in museums is a complex and sensitive issue that raises important IT A Y A N ethical and cultural questions. The dignity of human remains is a central concern in discussions D N A D D about the display, storage, and examination of such remains in museums and other institutions. RT I S G L Ethical issues are crucial when considering human remains. This means that the ICOM Code of EthN E I A T ics, the E.C.C.O. Professional Guidelines in Conservation-Restoration, recommendations on the D Y ER conservation-restoration of cultural heritage, and the principles of ethical research should be S A strictly followed. ND S Museums and cultural institutions are increasingly seeking to balance the preservation of human CHOL remains for research and educational purposes with respect for the dignity and cultural signifi-A cance of these remains to the communities from which they originated. RS However, not all issues have been resolved. New ways of presenting museum objects, such as the historical smells or their appropriation, and the demands of capital, as in the tourism industry, raise new ethical questions about how to preserve the dignity of the deceased. Keywords: dignity, museums, human remains, smell of museum objects, ethics 212 HUMAN REMAINS, SUBJECT OR OBJECT? ETHICAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ISSUES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND O B 2 O th F A U A T P N MUSEUM PRESENTATION OF HUMAN REMAINS BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Verena Perko, PhD, Lecturer 02 F University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC New University, Nova Gorica, Slovenia E E R O V F I E C ABSTRACT E O UR F S OP In the field of archaeological research and museum exhibitions, it has become noticeable that U E’ S S the ethical approach to human remains is losing its relevance, which could be understood preTA SC I dominantly in the context of postmodern society. The ethical requirements for respectful treat-N IE A NC B ment of human remains have been interpreted in different ways. Because of the time gap, ar-I E L S I chaeological research on human remains constitutes a special chapter and often the main reason T A Y A ND for a laconic explanation or even neglect of ethical postulates. This is probably not due to the N A D D R vagueness of professional codes of ethics or the lack of publications on the subject. The paper T I S G L assumes that the reason is buried deep under the cover of constant questions of objectification of N E I A T human remains. It lies in the understanding of the essence of a respectful attitude towards the D Y ER person and, in the same measure, to parts or the persons’ remains. This is the position presup-S A posed in principle by both archaeological and museum professional codes of ethics, which do not ND explain the substance of this request. Ethics evades the competences of the empirical sciences, as SCHOL it involves questions of human transcendence and falls within the field of philosophy. It is rooted in the values of Greco-Roman antiquity and the Judaeo-Christian world. ARS An interdisciplinary method will be used to shed light on traditional ethical attitudes, grounded in human personal and social needs through a phenomenological approach. The paper will be interdisciplinary and will try to shed light on the importance of respecting ethical codes in excavations, research and in museum presentations of human remains. Keywords: professional ethics, archaeology, museums, exhibitions, research 213 B I T DOES ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE T OOK H 'S A E 1 CONVEY ETHICAL VALUES? O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Jelka Pirkovič, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 02 F New University, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Since the turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries, heritage values have stood at the centre of herit-R F S OP age theory and practice. On the other hand, archaeology primarily focuses on past material culU E’ S S ture and seems more hesitant when archaeological heritage values are in question. To better TA SC I understand heritage values in general and the specificities of archaeological values, the pres-N IE A NC B entation focuses on intrinsic, i.e. essential or ethical heritage values, considering value propo-I E L S I sitions developed in philosophy, ethics and social sciences. In recent decades, the evaluation of T A Y A ND (archaeological) heritage rests on the postmodern paradigm while rejecting the perspective of N A D D R intrinsic values based on general considerations. In parallel, archaeological theory and praxis T I S G L started to connect past evidence with the needs and expectations of present-day societies and N E I A T have become primarily interested in social issues beyond their historical or scientific significance. D Y ER We argue that incorporating intrinsic values in evaluation methods and practice supports public S A co-participation in assigning values in archaeological heritage conservation and management. ND S Keywords: archaeological values, value theory, public co-participation CHOL ARS 214 BETWEEN THE “CURSE OF THE PHARAOH” B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND INDIANA JONES - ON THE PROBLEM OF AN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N ADEQUATE REPRESENTATION OF ARCHEOLOGY BS N E T U O R A P IN POP CULTURE AND MEDIA A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Anja Hellmuth Kramberger, Assistant Professor E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ISH, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, archeology and in particular the study of ancient bur-S S TA S ial sites has concerned not only researchers but also the public. With the discovery of the tomb of C IN IE Pharaoh Tutankhamun in 1922 by Howard Carter, an „Egyptomania“ arose and mysterious deaths A NC BI E within the excavation team led to the creation of the narrative of the „Curse of the Pharaoh“. L S IT A Y A Adventurous discoveries of ancient artifacts, graves and temples also form the core of the stories ND N A about the popular character Indiana Jones and continue to shape the image of “the” archaeolo-D D RT gist to this day. This stereotype is often used in the media as a stylistic tool to convey archaeologI S G L N E ical content. Archeology as a scientific discipline seems to be confronted with the problem that, I A T D Y on the one hand, it emerges increasingly from the ivory tower of science and shares its research ERS with the public, but on the other hand, quickly runs the risk of using clichés as a marketing strat-AN egy. The presentation will be about prejudices and clichés regarding the profession of archaeol-D S ogy and its representation in pop culture and media, as well as the question of how stereotypes CHOL and sensationalism can be avoided when communicating archaeological content. AR Keywords: archaeology, stereotypes, sensationalism, popular culture, media S 215 B I T THE CHALLENGES OF LONG-TERM PRESERVATION T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF HUMAN REMAINS IN MUSEUMS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Maša Saccara, PhD L L C C E 2 T ON S Koper Regional Museum, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F At the PMK, we store a large number of human skeletons, primarily excavated in the urban area I E CE O U of Koper in the last 50 years. The material is stored in crates, mostly in refusion. The storage space R F S OP for the majority of this material is humid and difficult to access. Over all these years, since the U E’ S S acceptance of the material after the completed excavations, no one has dealt with it. Concerns TA SC I arise about potential, health-harming organisms that may have developed due to moisture dur-N IE A NC B ing this time. The material has not been musealized, and the excavation documentation is also I E L S I incomplete. In the year 2024, efforts are being made in the archaeological department to organ-T A Y A ND ize this material, but numerous questions arise in the process. N A D D R Keywords: long-term storage of human bones, Coastal Museum Koper, storage facilities T I S G L N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 216 THE ETHICAL HANDLING OF HUMAN REMAINS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN MUSEUMS AND OSTEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Barbara Teßmann, Researcher A P A L L C C E 2 Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin, Germany T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O In recent years, museums and osteological collections have increasingly been subjected to claims V F I E C for the restitution of human remains. In most of these cases, a colonial context is involved. These E O UR inquiries need to be considered carefully, a process in which historical research on the original F S OP U E’ collectors and circumstances is as important as anthropological examinations of the human S S TA S remains themselves. Until a few years ago, the acquisition contexts of these osteological col-C IN IE lections were only rarely subjected to critical review. However, in the course of requests from A NC BI E indigenous communities of origin for the repatriation of human remains from the collections, a L S IT A Y A sensitization and thus a change in the handling of the human remains began. ND N A D D For this reason, the German Museums Association published its first guidelines on handling hu-RT I S man remains in 2018. Since then, numerous other guidelines and recommendations on handling G L N E I A human remains in collections, museums, and depots have been published in German-speaking T D Y E countries. The lecture will present the various recommendations, with a focus on archaeologi-RS A cal finds. When do we start talking about archaeological finds? How should human remains be ND excavated and subsequently stored? Which invasive examination methods are appropriate? Is it SC ethically justifiable to display the skeletons in an exhibition? Or should the skeletons be reburied HOL after examination? ARS Keywords: indigenous communities of origin, human remains, ethical treatment, museum, restitution 217 LAW B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B ENERGY POVERTY, JUSTICE AND S N E T U O R A P A L L FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O ENERGY ISSUES BEFORE HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS V F I E CE O URF SOP Gábor Kecskés, Associate Professor U E’ S S TA S Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary C IN IE A NC BI E L S ABSTRACT IT A Y A ND The speech focuses on the human rights approach and fundamental rights aspects of energy is-N A D D R sues with some special regards to the ecological considerations. The focal centre of the subject T I S G L has a gravitation point around the right to life, the right to property and the right to a healthy N E I A T environment. The panel speech will give an overview of the relevant global and regional (main-D Y ER ly Council of Europe-based) legislations and the judicial practice (such as the practice of human S A rights courts or treaty monitoring bodies) as well. The relevant UN-based and regional initiatives ND on rights and energy justice are also touched upon. SCHOL Keywords: human rights, basic needs, ecology, equitable share ARS 221 B I T ENERGY POVERTY, GREEN TRANSITION AND T OOK H 'S A E 1 BASIC VALUES IN SLOVENIAN CULTURE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Luka Martin Tomažič, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The present research will analyse the connection between the notions of energy poverty and I E CE O U the green transition in light of the basic values. As per the Finnisian natural law framework, R F S OP the chosen values at the centre of the analysis will be life, knowledge, play, practical reasona-U E’ S S bleness, friendship, aesthetic experience and religion. The interplay of green transition and its TA SC I consequences for disenfranchised individuals can be understood more deeply by discussing the N IE A NC B philosophical and value underpinnings on the normative level beyond the legal order and public I E L S I policy. This is more acutely relevant considering the potential implications of the incommensura-T A Y A ND bility of values. A particular emphasis will be given to the Slovenian culture and its consequences N A D D R for understanding energy poverty and green transition. T I S G L Keywords: energy poverty, green transition, natural law, basic values, Slovenian culture N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 222 RISING LEVEL OF POVERTY AS THE MAIN B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 OUTCOMES OF THE GERMANY ENERGY CRISIS? O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Rigels Lenja, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Following the Russian attack on Ukraine, Germany is one of the countries most impacted by the V F I E C high energy prices. Energy price for household has risen for oil by 25 %, gas by 52 % and electricity E O UR by 26.2 %. Germany was compelled to invest more than 200 billion euros to contain inflation and F S OP U E’ stabilize energy prices. The May 2023 report by the Federal Office revealed that around 17.3 mil-S S TA S lion Germans, 21% of the entire population, are experiencing social exclusion or poverty in one C IN IE way or another, with energy prices being a major cause. A NC BI E L S These indications often apply to people who are unable to buy goods or services considered IT A Y A N standard for society. Five major groups have been affected the most: students, women living D N A D D alone, pensioners, people with an emigration background, and single parents. RT I S G L Among the results are: firstly, the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the country. In N E I A T 2023, around 50% of income was spent on housing, energy and maintenance, up from 40% the D Y ER year before. S AN Many families are compelled to cut costs on food purchases, their children‘s education, leisure ac-D S tivities or travelling. Secondly, expensive energy prices risk deindustrialization, the loss of well-CHOL paid jobs and Germany‘s competitiveness on a world scale. Thirdly, energy prices skyrocketed, A after the Russian attack on Ukraine, immediately followed by sanctions from the West, which has RS created an ideal environment for right-wing extremism/populism to flourish in Germany. Leaders of right-wing populist party AfD (Alternative for Germany) had labelled sanctions against Russia as nonsense and called for an urgent return to buying cheap Russian gas, ignoring the outrageous Russian crimes in Ukraine. The radicalization went to another degree a few weeks earlier when senior members of the AfD met to consider how to solve the country‘s problems with remigration, even for those who hold a German passport. Keywords: poverty, energy price, cost of living, right-wing-extremism, standard of living 223 B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B NEW CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES IN THE S N E T U O R A P A L L C C POST-COVID PERIOD: THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC E 2 T ON S 02 F4E AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE : I RE N S NC CONTEMPORARY CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL E E R O V F I E C CRISIS MANAGEMENT E O UR F S OP U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC THE EMERGING ROLE OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT BI E L S IT A IN THE CONTEMPORARY LEGAL SYSTEMS: A CASE Y A NDN AD D STUDY FROM HUNGARY RT I S G L N E I A T D Y E Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz, Professor RS A Kitti Mezei, Research Fellow ND S Hungarian Research Network, Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Legal Studies, Hungary CHOL AR ABSTRACT S As is well known, the effects of the coronavirus pandemic have been treated differently in various European countries. Among the diverse national strategies, special attention has been paid to the situation in Hungary, where the executive branch has been given unprecedented emergency powers without the guarantee of effective parliamentary and constitutional control. As the country, due to the systematic backsliding of the rule of law, has been a black sheep of the European Union for years, many believe that by introducing the special legal order Hungary has become a full-fledged autocracy. In contrast, according to the Hungarian Government, the means of crisis management introduced to fight the pandemic are among the most democratic by international standards. The presentation assesses Hungary’s reaction to the pandemic, and how that, in turn, has effect-ed constitutional democracy and the special legal order regulation, which was completely transformed during the pandemic by an amendment to the Fundamental Law. For this purpose, in the first part, I examine what crisis management options were available in the Hungarian legal system before the pandemic. After that, I wil describe the chosen solution - the so-called ‘state of danger’ as a type of special legal order - and then analyse the crisis management within this framework, which also included the introduction of a new special legal order regime in Chapter V of the Fundamental Law. Keywords: state of danger; constitutional adjudication, constitutional justice in emergency 224 LEGAL COVERAGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth, Senior Research Fellow A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Kitti Mezei, Research Fellow S 02 F4E Dorottya Deáki, PhD Candidate : I RE N S NC Hungarian Research Network, Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Legal Studies, Hungary E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP Technological developments, which have a fundamental and often disruptive impact on the so-U E’ S S TA S ciety and economy of our time, have a particular challenge for the legal system and directly af-C IN IE fect its functioning. The Covid-19 pandemic has particularly enhanced the role of digitalization A NC B (e.g., cashless payment solutions, e-administration, and digital justice). Therefore, the potential I E L S IT A and legal risks of using modern technologies need to be increasingly considered (e.g., protec-Y A ND tion of fundamental rights, data protection, and cybersecurity) in a post-Covid society. The new N A D D R technologies will affect many areas and vital services that need to be made more efficient and T I S G L accessible, such as healthcare, finance, public administration, and justice. Our presentation will N E I A T D explore some regulatory challenges in these fields and will put forward alternative legal solu-Y ER tions to tackle the most paramount issues raised. S AN Keywords: artificial intelligence, Covid-19 pandemic, law and technology, digitalization, legal D SC resilience HOL ARS 225 B I T CERTAINTY IN LAW AND THE ARGUMENTS T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF OTHER DISCIPLINES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Viktor Olivér Lorincz, Junior Research Fellow L L C C E 2 T ON S Hungarian Research Network, Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Legal Studies, Hungary 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The incorporation of scientific findings into legal argumentation has several basic issues like the I E CE O U probabilistic nature of scientific relations versus the quest for certainty in law, or the correla-R F S OP tion-causation debate in science and its implications on legal causality. The Covid-19 pandemic U E’ S S took this to a higher level. Untested hypotheses and not peer-reviewed researches also influ-TA SC I enced the regulations and policy. This lowered trust even in normal science. In this paper, we ex-N IE A NC B amine how the different logic and argumentation of various fields of science can be used in law. I E L S I Focusing not only on new evidences still debated by the scientific community, but also on well T A Y A ND established scientific proofs used in contradicting legal arguments. We analyse the translation of N A D D R scientific correlations into causality, and the biased perceptions of these relations in law. T I S G L Keywords: argumentation, legal theory, interdisciplinarity, legal certainty N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 226 NATURAL SCIENCE ARGUMENTS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Nora Bán-Forgács, Research Fellow A P A L L C C E 2 Hungarian Research Network, Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Legal Studies, Hungary T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, thousands of new constitutional and other court cases V F I E C have been published in the international arena, and much of this work has begun to be published E O UR in national and international academic journals and workshops. F S OP U E’ The present paper/presentation examines a specific aspect of constitutional law: the necessity S S TA SC and proportionality of limiting constitutional rights. Our hypothesis is that the necessity-propor-IN IE A NC tionality test used by most European constitutional courts is ‚infiltrated‘ by a scientific reason-BI E L S ing. In our view, this shift has led to changes not only de lege lata but de lege ferenda in the field IT A Y A N of public health and environmental protection. D N A D D R In the argument of this paper/presentation, is stated that the field of environmental and public T I S G L health, measurable data influences the need for a fundamental rights restriction that can be ex-N E I A T pressed in the language of natural science. For example, in times of epidemics, a special situation D Y ER (with or without a special legal regime) has resulted in a fundamental rights restriction. In such S A cases, for example, when imposing a curfew (as a restriction on freedom of movement) or com-ND S pulsory wearing of masks or mandatory vaccination, the severity of the epidemic, the number of CHOL victims, the speed of transmission of the disease, and thus the measurable consequences of the A infection, are relevant in determining the proportionality of the need. (Necessity and propor-RS tionality test). Keywords: balancing test; constitutional review; natural science arguments 227 B I T IT IS NOT (PRIMARILY) ABOUT CONTROLLING T OOK H 'S A E 1 TECHNOLOGY, NOT EVEN ABOUT CONTROLLING O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B ITS OWNERS – IT IS ABOUT (RE-)GAINING S N E T U O R A P A L BEING HUMAN L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Peter Herrmann, Research Associate NC E E Human Rights Center, Law School at the Central South University, China R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ S S Discussions about digitization and artificial intelligence are commonly concerned with the TA SC I question if and when machines take over and develop life on their own. Another, more im-N IE A NC mediate, concern is the concentration of the control of new technologies in the hands of a few BI E L S I (e.g. GAFA and BAT) respectively. However, even formulating the core question in a concise T A Y A N way is too often missed: what does being human actually mean and in which way can this be D N A D D R maintained or even restated? T I S G L The proposed presentation is part of an ongoing research, investigating how new ecologi-N E I A T D cal-technological developments redefine the meaning of being a human, and looking for the Y ER role humans play in a future ecological-social-economic formation of which we can see the conS AN tours today. D S We are not (only) confronted with the alternative, for instance expressed by Edelbauer: ‘We CHOL want to bring computers and humans into harmony - a really difficult task; the human brain is AR terribly complex. But there is a second option: not to make the computer human-shaped, but to S make society computer-shaped.’ (Edelbauer: Dave). Instead, it is about developing a relational approach, allowing to determine the possibilities of a cooperative setting. Such reflections will not least challenge the understanding of Human Rights. Keywords: Human beings, artificial intelligence, subject, governance 228 SDGS AT HALFTIME – LESSONS LEARNT B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND THE WAY AHEAD O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Gábor Kecskés, Research Fellow A P A L L C C E 2 HUN-REN Hungarian Research Network, Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Legal Studies, Hungary T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O In 2023, the timeframe for achieving the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals has reached a V F I E C milestone, since 7 and half years have passed and the same 7 and half years remained for the E O UR application and the progress within the 17-goals umbrella policy of the United Nations and for its F S OP U E’ member states. At halftime, it is worth observing the progress of the relevant goals. The work is S S TA S focusing on the green goals (as the ecological pillar of sustainability), their targets and indicators C IN IE by reflecting on their proportional global implementation and the Central and Eastern European A NC BI E aspects, as well. L S IT A Y A N Keywords: sustainable development goals, soft law, ecological pillar D N A D D RTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 229 POLITICAL SCIENCE B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B ROUND TABLE ON THE LINKAGE BETWEEN S N E T U O R A P A L L VOTER TURNOUT AND PARTY SUPPORT C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O Mark Franklin, Professor V F I E C Trinity College, Connecticut, US E O UR F S OP U E’ S S ABSTRACT TA SC IN IE This round table was organized to provide professional feedback and suggestions for improve-A NC B ment to a proposal to unify the two subfields of political science that study, on the one hand, I E L S IT A voter turnout and, on the other hand, party choice. The approach taken is time-serial. It has of-Y A ND ten been thought that turnout stands at an equilibrium maintained by a balance of forces – an N A D D R equilibrium that is itself in constant motion as turnout rises or (more generally) falls. So turnout T I S G L has often been seen through a lens that compares the level of turnout at any given point in time N E I A T D with turnout at an earlier or later time-point. But what keeps these turhout levels at successive Y ER elections at a long-term equilibrium? S AN The balance of forces that maintains an equilibrium rate of party support can be seen (greatly D S simplifying a much more complex reality) as involving a feedback loop that “corrects” political CHOL parties’ policy positions that drift away from preferences of voters who might support the party. AR This correction occurs because party leaders are motivated to alter their party's policies to the S point where, at a later election, voters will again find the party’s policies attractive, leading to increased support for that party that restores an earlier equilibrium. There is an obvious link between falling party support and falling turnout to the extent that, while party supporters who become dissatisfied with their previous party choice may switch their support to another party, some of these previous supporters may not find another party they like better and fail to vote at all. More difficult is to identify a force that corrects falling turnout in the way that changing party policies can correct falling party support. Identifying the corrective mechanism that operates for voter turnout was the main focus of discussion at the Round Table. 233 B I T COMMENTS ON MARK FRANKLIN’S PAPER T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Cees van der Eijk, Professor S N E T U O R University of Nottingham, England A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F ABSTRACT 4 E : I RE N S NC Mark Franklin’s paper is an important attempt to bridge ubiquitous divides in the study of elec-E E R O tions. Yet, it also gives rise to a variety of concerns, of which five are presented here. The first is V F I E C about the logic of the model, which does not specify how voters relate to other parties than the E O UR one they vote for at a given election. A second concern pertains the validity of party-level data F S OP U E’ such as their perceived positions. It appears that these do not allow proper comparisons over S S TA S time because they are based on samples from segments of the population that (unlike birthyear C IN IE cohorts) change with the electoral fortunes of the parties in question. A third problem concerns A NC BI E the statistical analysis which does not account for the inherent correlations between parties’ L S IT A Y A vote shares, and which therefore risks systematic bias of the estimated parameters of the model. ND N A A fourth problem concerns party positions. Other researchers (Dalton and McAllister) using the D D RT same survey data demonstrated that the great majority of parties hardly move at all from elec-I S G L N E tion to election. This risks that the results presented in the paper may be largely driven by just a I A T D Y small number of influential cases. A final concern is about the measurement of party support in ERS an all or nothing-at-all way, based on vote choice. This excludes that voters may not vote for a AN party while being highly congruent with it, as well as that they may vote for a party in spite of low D SC congruence. Much more in line with the ideas behind the theorising would be the use of so-called HOL PTV measures for party support, which reveal degrees of support. AR Keywords: feedback models, party choice, turnout, voter-party congruence, party positioning S 234 COMMENTS ON MARK FRANKLIN’S ESSAY B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND ANALYSIS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Christopher Wlezien, Professor A P A L L C C E 2 University of Texas at Austin, USA T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O There is a great deal to like about Franklin’s paper. The scope is huge and the ambitions are too. V F I E C He builds on the existing research in the relevant scholarly subfields, and yet charts a path forE O UR ward both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, Franklin’s model identifies the main ac-F S OP U E’ tors from previous research, namely, voters’ general policy positions and those of the different S S TA S political parties, and highlights the role of elections in providing important feedback. By conC IN IE trast with the previous research, however, Franklin focuses not only on voters’ party support and A NC BI E explicitly considers voter turnout itself, which scholarship has largely ignored. It is important L S IT A Y A because voters’ decisions to actually participate (obviously) matter for what happens on Election ND N A Day, and those decisions depend in part on what parties do in between elections. In one sense, D D RT what Franklin offers is an idealized model, a portrait of how voters and parties should behave in a I S G L N E representative democracy that works, where voters reward and punish parties based on wheth-I A T D Y er (and to what extent) they represent voters and the parties respond, effectively anticipating ERS (and averting) punishment at the polls. Reassuringly, the empirical analyses provide evidence AN that these expectations are not just theoretical but actually obtain, even as the system does not D SC work perfectly – there often is a need for effective “error correction” by voters on Election Day. HOL The analyses also probe these connections. The research thus makes a real contribution. To be AR sure, there is more to do, both in the development of the theoretical model and empirical analyS sis, particularly as regards the role that voter turnout plays. I look forward to seeing those next steps. For now, the paper takes an important first step and changes how we think about voters and political parties in modern representative democracies. Keywords: systems model, public preferences, political parties, turnout and party support, thermostatic feedback 235 B I T REFLECTIONS ON THE LESSONS LEARNED T OOK H 'S A E 1 FROM ROUND TABLE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Wouter van der Brug, Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S University of Amsterdam, Netherlands 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F As a moderator of the Round Table, I was not in a position to share my personal comments on I E CE O U Mark Franklin’s paper. So, I welcome this opportunity to share some thoughts about the wider R F S OP topic of the paper, on the basis of my own reading of the paper, as well as the discussions in the U E’ S S roundtable. The paper by Franklin is highly ambitious and can be an inspiration to be further de-TA SC I veloped in two directions. One direction would be how a party system arrives at an equilibrium N IE A NC B through thermostatic responses by parties and voters. There is already quite some work in this I E L S I field, but none of them have included turnout levels. Introducing turnout levels in these models T A Y A ND is a major contribution. It seems possible to study these mechanisms at the party level. When N A D D R doing so, my recommendation would be twofold. The first is that Franklin should make use of the T I S G L vote recall question, to assess whether indeed a party has lost votes because it moved away from N E I A T the preferences of its previous voters. Second, to find a way to include new parties in the analy-D Y ER ses. Without the ability to include these kind of essential changes at the supply side, the model S A seems mainly applicable to the US case. ND S A second direction in which the paper could be taken further would be to develop a model that CHOL integrates party choice and turnout in one model. Previous research has mainly focused either A on explaining voters’ party choice, or explaining voter turnout, as if these are two separate de-RS cisions. To further develop the model in this direction, I believe it will be essential to test the different parts of the model at the individual level. The panelists seem to agree on this and several suggestions were made to do so. One option would be to build upon previous work by Franklin, van der Eijk and me, which models electoral decisions as a two stage process. In sum, the main conclusion of the panel was that Franklin wrote a very challenging paper, which is likely to be a source of inspiration for much future research. Keywords: party system change, turnout, party support, public opinion, thermostatic models 236 FROM TURNOUT TO VOTE CHOICE AND BACK TO B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 TURNOUT: REFLECTIONS ON MARK FRANKLIN‘S O B 2 O th F A U A T P N DYNAMIC FEEDBACK LOOP MODEL BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Elias Dinas, Professor 02 F European University Institute, Italy 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U Mark Franklin’s chapter constitutes a rigorous attempt to incorporate both turnout and actual R F S OP vote choice in the same dynamic model. Borrowing on insights from prior work to which the au-U E’ S S thor has also contributed, this study builds on the idea of a feedback loop going from turnout to TA SC I actual voting. As voters lose track of their party’s ideological stances, they abstain which then N IE A NC B leads the party to re-adjust and then brings turnout back to its prior levels. The challenge now I E L S I is to put this idea into the test and for now the efforts to do so have been only partly successful, T A Y A ND not least because it is unclear what the unit of analysis should be. I suggest the unit of analysis re-N A D D R mains the party-level but would even go further to suggest the country*year level, showing how T I S G L and why negative shocks that take place occasionally and affect turnout do not materialise into N E I A T broader and more significant political crises. This framework would also allow one to explain D Y ER variation in turnout levels over time as well as on other indicators of political stability, assessing S A the role of party adjustment in this process. I would also suggest to look at the work by van de Rijt ND on how given shocks play out in the long-run. SCHOL Keywords: turnout, ideological proximity, time-series, party-system, party preferences ARS 237 ARCHIVAL SCIENCES 9th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF ARCHIVISTS B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF S N E T U O R A P A L L DIGITALISATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN C C E 2 T ON S 02 F ARCHIVAL SCIENCE 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O UR THE RIGHT TO BE REMEMBERED: FROM A F S OP U E’ LEGALISTIC TO A HUMANITARIAN PERSPECTIVE S S TA SC IN IE A NC BI E Charles Farrugia, Professor L S IT A Y A University of Malta, Faculty of Media Knowledge Sciences, Malta ND N A D D Rosette Farrugia Bonello, Deputy Director RT I S International Institute on Ageing United Nations-Malta (INIA) G L N E I A T D Y ER ABSTRACT S AN Much has been written about the Right to be Forgotten and the archival community has involved D SC itself in innumerable discussions on how the obligations of such right will affect the future of HOL archives. This paper takes a completely different perspective. It argues that as much as there are AR rights of those who do not want to be remembered in future documentation, there are others S who wish to have their interaction with society documented and preserved. This is even more necessary in the current realities of an increase in ageing populations and of the unprecedented numbers of persons living with dementia. The presentation will be divided into two. The first will discuss the treat to individual and community memories due to conditions such as dementia. The speaker will discuss the trends and issues of dementia and the challenges that it presents. The second part of the presentation will explore how archives are and can provide new services to safeguard the Right to be Remembered. It does not advocate legal mechanisms to do so. It rather proposes awareness and initiatives by archivists and archival institutions to embark on projects that make it possible for individuals in societies to have their wealth of knowledge and experiences documented and remembered if so they wish. Keywords: archives, dementia, documentation, older persons, rights 241 B I T CONTENT CHALLENGES IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF T OOK H 'S A E 1 DOCUMENTARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Dimitrij Reja, PhD Candidate L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F New technologies allow us a wide variety of data processing options. For processing purposes, it I E CE O U is necessary to collect a variety of data. The variety of data is also hindered by its quantity. When R F S OP collecting data, it is also necessary to take into account the limitations represented by the human U E’ S S factor. With the help of the latest technologies, we can make entering and processing data much TA SC I easier. A plastic representation of optimizing the collection and use of the collected data is the N IE A NC B main goal of our paper. I E L S IT A Keywords: big data, optimization, AI Y A NDN AD DRTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 242 DEMOCRATIC BY DESIGN: LEVERAGING B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ENHANCED ACCESS TO ARCHIVES VIA 3D O B 2 O th F A U A T P N MODELING TECHNOLOGY AT THE FASHION BS N E T U O R A P INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY-STATE UNIVERSITY A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 OF NEW YORK (USA) 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Karen Trivette, PhD Candidate R O V F I E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC I In this presentation and subsequent paper, the author will discuss and demonstrate how the use N IE A NC of relatively simple 3D technology (Matterport) can open highly-restrictive areas of the archives BI E L S I within her care and administration literally to the world. The rationale behind this effort is to T A Y A N level the academic landscape for researchers with little to no resources and truly create archives D N A D D R access for all. T I S G L Keywords: archives, access, 3D, security N E I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 243 B I T T SPEAKERS WHO ALSO PRESENTED OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A CONTRIBUTIONS AT THE 9th T P N BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IRE OF ARCHIVISTS N S NC E E R O V F I E C WELCOME ADDRESSES E O UR F S OP U E’ S S TA SC IN IE A NC B Luciana Duranti, Emeritus Professor I E L S I University of British Columbia, Canada T A Y A NDN Erik Ketelaar, Emeritus Professor A D D RT University of Amsterdam, Netherlands I S G L N E I A T D Y ERS AN TOWARD ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE D SC DIGITAL PRESERVATION HOL AR Erik Ketelaar, Emeritus Professor S University of Amsterdam, Netherlands ISO 9001 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN ARCHIVES Dieter Schlenker, Assistant Professor Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia Director of the Historical Arhives of the European Union SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGNITY IN ARCHIVAL SCIENCE Peter Pavel Klasinc, Associate Professor, Archival Councelor Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Head of Study Programs of Archival Science, Slovenia Director of the International Institute of Archival Sciences Trieste-Maribor CHALLENGES AND PITFALLS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHIVAL THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE AGE OF APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Miroslav Novak, Assistant Professor Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 244 DIGITIZING ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS: B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 INCREASING ACCESS OR PROTECTING PRIVACY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BS N E T U O R A P A Zdenka Semlič Rajh, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O V F I E THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONS ON CERTAIN CE O URF SOP SEGMENTS OF WORK IN ARCHIVES U E’ S S TA S Mojca Horvat, PhD Candidate C IN IE Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia A NC BI E L S IT A Y A NDN AD DRT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR FOR THE I S G L N E I A T SUCCESSFUL OPERATION OF A PUBLIC AUTHORITY D Y ERS THROUGH THEIR COMPETENCES AND SKILLS AND S Tanja Ribnikar, Expert CHOL Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia ARS ARCHIVAL RECORDS RISKS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT BY SLOVENIAN CREATORS Iva Katarina Rimele, Expert Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTIONS (YOUTUBE) Luka Hribar, PhD Candidate Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 245 DANCE ART B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A COPPÉLIAŚ BOOK: DELIBERATION, TRUTH, L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 TRUST & HOPE 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Tatjana Christelbauer, Founder and Director R O V F I E Agency for Cultural Diplomacy Vienna, Austria CE O URF SOP Alice Siu, Senior Research Scholar U E’ Stanford University, United States S S TA SC Associate Director, Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab IN IE A NC BI E L S IT A ABSTRACT Y A NDN A This presentation endeavors to explore the intricate relationship between tradition and inno-D D RT vation in the domain of dance arts, bolstered by the transformative capabilities of AI tools, with I S G L N E a focus on ethical considerations rooted in sincerity. Recognizing the pervasive influence of the I A T D Y arts in various scientific and societal realms, we delve into the catalytic power of artistic engage-ERS ment, nurturing interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic understanding. AND Drawing inspiration from the enchanting tale of the ballet Coppélia, we delve into the evolv-SC ing interplay between human, natural, and artificial realms, illuminating the nuanced dynamics HOL within this complex relationship. Employing a deliberative pooling method, our objective is to AR facilitate a comprehensive dialogue that highlights the seamless integration of tradition, inno-S vation, and the evolving landscape of AI-driven artistic expression. Through our discourse, we seek to reimagine traditional narratives and push the boundaries of artistic exploration, emphasizing the distinctive interplay between artificial replication and the profound authenticity of human expression. Deliberative pooling, as a collaborative decision-making process, encourages the harmonization of diverse perspectives and expertise, fostering a collective consensus. Keywords: AI, deliberative pooling, dance arts, innovation, tradition 249 B I T THE BALLET PERFORMANCE BETWEEN T OOK H 'S A E 1 TRADITION AND INNOVATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Simona Somacescu, Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S I.L. Caragiale National University of Theatre and Cinematographic art, Romania 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The theme of my scientific presentation entitled: “The ballet performance between tradition and I E CE O U innovation”, I must confess that it was inspired by my students. More specifically, their question R F S OP that they asked me in one of the courses I teach: why do contemporary choreographers such as: U E’ S S Mats Ek, Mathew Bourne, Jean Christoph Maillot or Akram Kahn choose to recreate shows from TA SC I the classical ballet repertoire? Indeed, the question is justified if we remember that the 20th N IE A NC B century began with the birth of modern dance, by taking up an opposition to classical ballet and I E L S I its tradition of over three centuries. Surprisingly, at the end of the same century, great estab-T A Y A ND lished contemporary dance choreographers are reviving the titles of classical ballets in a modern N A D D R version. This phenomenon, we might say, brings the question: what is it that fascinates these creT I S G L ators, and audiences alike, about these choreographic creations, for surely there is no lack of in-N E I A T spiration here? During the lecture I will analyze both the specific structure of classical ballets, the D Y ER socio-cultural context of the 19th century, which represents the peak of their creation, as well as S A their universal value that crosses the centuries until now, even in the conditions of the augmen-ND tation of the choreographic vision with effects specific to modern technology multimedia. SCHOL Keywords: ballet performance, classical ballet, ballet tradition, ballet innovation, dance ARS 250 CLASSICAL BALLET AS SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Simona Noja-Nebyla, Ballet Educator and Researcher T P N BS N E Cultural Foundation „Simona Noja“, Austria T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 ABSTRACT 2 F 4 E : I RE This paper delves into the intricate interplay between tradition and innovation within the realm N S NC of ballet education against the backdrop of the 21st century. Drawing upon the author‘s extenE E R O V F sive experience as a ballerina, pedagogue, ballet school director, and researcher, the narrative I E CE O U unfolds through the lens of her doctoral thesis. The thesis underscores the imperative to broaden R F S OP the academic foundations for investigating ballet, positioning it as a dynamic field bridging art, U E’ S S science, and lifestyle. Advocating for a systemic approach, the paper explores the embodiment TA SC I of diverse concepts from philosophy, mathematics, physics, neuroscience, and psychology. Ex-N IE A NC B amples include the utilization of social psychology‘s field theory (Lewin) as a study framework I E L S I and the incorporation of the threshold concept of transformational learning (Land, Meyer, and T A Y A ND Baillie) for identifying pivotal points. N A D D R Invaluable tools such as integrating specific ballet repertoire into the ordinary movement rep-T I S G L ertoire (Calvo-Merino), leveraging experiential learning (Kolb-Kolb), and examining perception, N E I A T D mental representation, and movement control processes (Schack) shed light on understanding Y ER deficiencies at the canonical level. Additionally, principles from mathematical functions deepen S AN awareness of the intrinsic structure of ballet systems and their extrinsic potential to interconnect D S with other systems. CHOL This paper underscores the urgency of redefining the purpose of ballet education. AR Keywords: field theory, embodiment, system of systems S 251 B I T THE FUTURE OF DANCE-CROSSING SOCIAL BORDERS T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B Yoriko Maeno, Choreographer, Artistic Director S N E T U O R Member of the International Dance Council of UNESCO, Germany A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F ABSTRACT 4 E : I RE N S NC Yoriko Maeno is a Japanese dance theatre director and choreographer based in Berlin. Over the E E R O past 15 years, Maeno has crossed and blurred the boundaries between dance and other art me-V F I E C dia, dance and society, and the local and global. Through her projects, she has committed herself E O UR to local communities, opening up new perspectives for both these communities and the dance F S OP U E’ theatre scene. S S TA SC In this talk, Maeno introduces her two most recent projects related to local communities: IN IE A NC “AMA-Perlentaucherin” (2020-22), about the culture of the Ama (“women diver”) in Japan, and BI E L S her series of projects about dementia (2019-2021), using a creative process based on research, IT A Y A N which in these cases she undertook in a small Ama village in Mie Prefecture and at a day-care D N A D D centre in Berlin. She will also discuss the advantages of the digital technology we became used RT I S to during the pandemic. G L N E I A T Maeno will share her thoughts about the potential ecosystem for dance theatre, and further pos-D Y ER sibilities for it to tackle current issues facing humanity globally, such as divisions in society, sus-S A tainability of human and nature and the use of AI. ND S Keywords: dance and media, dance and society, 360°camera, dementia, women diver CHOL ARS 252 THE CHALLENGES OF BALLET EDUCATION B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 IN THE 21ST CENTURY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Ana Germ, Student A P A L L C C E 2 Dance Academy, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O While concepts like holism, inclusion, integration, awareness and reflection are long known conV F I E C cepts and approaches of teachers in contemporary dance field, the ballet education seems to still E O UR struggle with the traditional – autocratic, teacher-centred ways of teaching. Although various F S OP U E’ teachers use individual methods, the command style seems to still be mostly used among ballet S S TA S teachers, especially in former socialist countries which according to their socialist and conserva-C IN IE tive ideology have long been following traditional forms and narrative repertoires. Nowadays, A NC BI E ballet companies around the globe require versatile ballet dancers with the capacities to adapt L S IT A Y A to different styles and working methods (improvisation, creative tasks, co-authorship). Accord-ND N A ingly, ballet teachers need to develop and apply teaching methods that prepare the dancer in D D RT the ballet classroom for the evolving modes of performance and choreographic practices in the I S G L N E field. Additionally, ballet’s negative reputation of dance teachers who (subconsciously) physical-I A T D Y ly or mentally damaged their students by following the teaching patterns and practices of their ERS former teachers needs to be transformed through specific and reflective pedagogical, physiolog-AN ical and psychological knowledge for teaching and learning in the 21st century. Contemporary D SC times require continuous learning abilities (an independent learner) and request contemporary HOL teaching-learning approaches where the focus turns to the how instead of what the students AR will learn. The teacher therefore has to use different modes, approaches and teaching styles to S create situations in the class for different kinds of learners, personalities and interests (Theory of Multiple Intelligences). Keywords: ballet education, ballet teachers, teaching methods, traditional, contemporary teaching-learning approaches 253 B I T IMPORTANT EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS IN T OOK H 'S A E 1 TEACHING AND LEARNING DANCE ART O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Jerneja Omahen Razpotnik, Choreographer and Dance Pedagogue, Slovenia L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E ABSTRACT : I RE N S NC The paper aims to shed light on the role of dance in education, how and why it is placed in the E E R O V F system in the way we witness it in modern times and what the role of dance art is in the gener-I E CE O U al education of children and adolescents. It presents an overview of Howard Gardner‘s theory R F S OP of multiple intelligences, and connects its components with dance education and learning and U E’ S S teaching dance. Further, the paper deals with the questions and challenges of educational pro-TA SC I cess of teaching dance as art. By analysing the educational process, the relationship between N IE A NC B student and teacher, and different educational styles in relation to the specifics of dance tech-I E L S I nique and the body, the paper examines and evaluates the field of teaching dance. The purpose T A Y A ND of a broader dance education is described to show why in-depth professional dance training is N A D D R important in higher education studies. It aims to offer possibilities for educating critical, proacT I S G L tive and responsible individuals within the school system and throughout dance education. N E I A T D Keywords: dance art, dance in the educational system, learning process, integrated - midway Y ER model of teaching dance, multiple intelligences S AND SCHOL ARS 254 B I T T EXPERT PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A FLAMENCO DANCE IMPROVISATION: L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 AN EXPANDED PERSPECTIVE 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Juan Carlos Lérida, PhD Candidate R O V F I E Institut del teatre, Spain CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC I This study focuses on examining the different uses on flamenco dance improvisation , observing N IE A NC B the different configurations that have developed. As well as traditional and contemporary ap-I E L S IT A proaches to the body and its relationship with time, rhythm and space. Y A NDN The methodology used in this study was based on an empirical approach and participant observa-A D D RT tion to establish a content analysis based on the collection of bibliographical data and interviews. I S G L N E Three main types of improvisation related to flamenco dance have been identified: improvisa-I A T D Y E tion in, with and from flamenco. The improvisation in flamenco is constructed through estab-RS lished structures and rules, with functional objectives and specific results. AND In contrast, improvisation with flamenco involves recognising established codes, and in turn re-SCHOL configuring them through boundary displacements. A However, improvisation in flamenco expands and blurs the boundaries by using a language that RS cuts across other artistic disciplines. In conclusion, improvisation in flamenco employs predefined limits and structures, while improvising with flamenco allows one to explore within these structures and redefine the margins. Finally, improvising from flamenco applies and extends an additional language transcending space and aesthetics. In short, improvising in flamenco conforms to the rules, improvising with flamenco plays with them, and improvising from flamenco uses it as a further influence in a wider context. Keywords: improvisation, dance, flamenco, margins, structures, Lego. 255 B I T FORMING AN INDIVIDUAL PATH WITH TRACES T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Johanna Rebecca Greiner, Student L L C C E 2 T ON S Dance Academy, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Considering the importance of following ones own path, while bearing reference to the bigger I E CE O U picture in an academic education, this article summarizes the research made for the diploma theR F S OP sis “Built from Traces”, which included the theoretical and practical work with selected traces of U E’ S S contemporary dance. The chosen traces were the expressionist dance, Flying Low technique, the TA SC I Humphrey / Limón tradition, contact improvisation and the Judson Dance Theatre. The author N IE A NC B took a look at the connection of her work as a choreographer and dancer in connection to past I E L S I and present creators. Because of the ongoing scientific progress there is an undeniable histori-T A Y A ND cal context for each new art work, that adds on to the tradition of passing on knowledge from N A D D R person to person. Therefore even though contemporary dance has an innovative and reformaT I S G L tive nature a collection of knowledge and principles that exists throughout history in form of N E I A T techniques, appearing in certain periods and approaches to bodies. With each creation phase of D Y ER the graduation piece “Underneath the Clouds” the author elaborated different methods and ap-S A proaches to the moving body aiming to transform them into unique shapes and forms. The result ND of the research was, that using the selected traces of contemporary dance to create “Underneath SCHOL the Clouds” did not lead to new forms in a unique movement language, but to the expression of a personal matter through the forms of merged traces of contemporary dance. The research ARS revealed that through a consistent and conscious work with certain techniques and approaches to the moving body one can express their individual concerns in a sustainable and dignified way. Hence, allow personal experiences to shape and inform an academic process. Keywords: traces of contemporary dance, individual path, choreographer, dancer, movement language 256 CONTEMPORANEITY IN FLAMENCO DANCE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A María de los Ángeles Cenizo Salvago, Dance Pedagogue T P N BS N E Conservatory of Dance María de Ávila, Spain T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 ABSTRACT 2 F 4 E : I RE Flamenco dance is increasingly in contact with contemporary dance, whether in technical, aes-N S NC thetic, conceptual, thought, etc. aspects. There are many artists who dare to experiment in E E R O V F their creations with tools more typical of contemporary dance in a search for their own creative I E CE O U universe, far from flamenco orthodoxy. The article will reflect on the concept of contemporaR F S OP neity in flamenco. However, we must not forget that flamenco is an impure art by nature, born U E’ S S from the mixing of cultures, a characteristic that it has not abandoned during its historical evo-TA SC I lution. This aspect will also be developed throughout this article, since there have been artists N IE A NC B throughout the history of flamenco who innovated in their time. Simultaneously, reflections by I E L S I choreographer Andrés Marín on these aspects will be provided thanks to an interview that he T A Y A ND gave us for the preparation of this article. In addition, it will end with a brief review about Is-N A D D R rael Galván. Both choreographers, considered great innovators of the current flamenco scene, T I S G L since, without abandoning their flamenco roots, they risk seeking other paths, entering the N E I A T unknown terrain of contemporaneity. D Y ER Keywords: Andrés Marín, Israel Galván, contemporary dance, contemporaneity, contemporary S AN flamenco. D SCHOL ARS 257 B I T THE EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSAL BODY OF T OOK H 'S A E 1 FLAMENCO IN A ROOM OF ONE’S OWN O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Ana Pandur, Lecturer L L C C E 2 T ON S Dance Academy, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The present study examines the phenomenon of contemporary flamenco dance practices formI E CE O U ing outside of Spain and their connection to the premise that historically, the female dancer’s R F S OP body in flamenco has been a tool of women’s emancipation ever since the genre’s existence. U E’ S S Parting from the perspective that historically, the female dancer’s body - although culturally TA SC I rooted in a deeply patriarchal society - in flamenco has not been directly submissed to the male N IE A NC B body nor does it function as the sole object of the male gaze and for the male gaze, since it has I E L S I been allowed to have sound and a voice and function as a subject. Therefore, it has not functioned T A Y A ND as the Second Sex in the terminology of Simone de Beauvoir. It has been given the possibility of N A D D R evolving in what Virginia Woolf calls “A room if one’s own” with the possibility of personal space T I S G L and autonomy intrinsically linked to the necessity to communicate with and around the music N E I A T that enables the genre itself. D Y ER Examining the motivations of the practitioners who lack the cultural and historical environment S AN where flamenco is rooted, we note that these practices arise from the practitioners need to ex-D S pand their individual performative and choreographic horizons while choosing to continue the CHOL use of flamenco vocabulary, considering the very nature of the genre as inherently alive and A ever evolving. The quest to transcend the cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation results RS in specific subcultures that have been forming semi - independently from the established field, offering new perspectives and reflections on the subject of flamenco itself. The vocabulary of contemporary flamenco becomes a performance tool that outgrows genre frames and acquires the dimension of an independent performance language. These contemporary practices often end up existing in an unknown territory that doesn’t belong to either of the two worlds it tries to connect - the world of flamenco and the world of contemporary performative practices. The research implements a combination of cultural, feminist and performance studies to rethink the connections between contemporary flamenco practices outside of Spain and specifically, the universal nature of the genre itself as an evolving performative practice. Keywords: contemporary flamenco, feminism, emancipation, performance practice 258 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A HARNESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PLANET: L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 BLOCKCHAIN AND AI AS CATALYSTS FOR 2 F 4 E : I RE SUSTAINABLE CHANGE N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Pan Theo Grosse-Ruyken, Professor R F S OP Ágúst Berg Arnarsson, Lecturer U E’ S S TA S PTGR AG, Switzerland C IN IE A NC BI E L S ABSTRACT IT A Y A N In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, PTGR AG stands at the forefront, harmonizing techno-D N A D D R logical advancement with sustainable practices and educational empowerment. This slide deck, T I S G L tailored for the „It‘s About People 2024“ conference, encapsulates our holistic approach to integrat-N E I A ing blockchain and AI technologies into the realms of environmental stewardship and academia. T D Y ER Our presentation commences by exploring PTGR AG‘s core philosophy, which emphasizes the syn-S AN ergy between technological innovation and ecological sustainability. We delve into the transD S formative roles of blockchain and AI in fostering sustainable practices, highlighting how these CHOL technologies are pivotal in ensuring transparency, efficiency, and accountability in environmen-A tal initiatives. RS A significant portion of the deck is dedicated to our educational endeavors, particularly our collaborative programs with Alma Mater Europaea. These initiatives underscore our commitment to preparing current and future generations for the demands and opportunities of a digitalized, sustainable world. The inclusion of case studies and interactive models in our presentation illustrates the practical application and impact of our educational programs. The deck further outlines PTGR AG‘s diverse service spectrum, with a special focus on carbon project management. This segment showcases how our state-of-the-art platform simplifies the management of carbon projects, thereby contributing to global carbon neutrality efforts. In our conclusion, we emphasize the global impact of our initiatives. Through detailed descrip-tions and visual representations, we portray how PTGR AG’s services not only lead the way in the digital finance and blockchain arenas but also significantly contribute to a sustainable and equitable future. This presentation is not just an exposition of our services and achievements; it is an invitation to collaborate, innovate, and journey with us towards a sustainable digital era. We aim to inspire a dialogue about the potential of technology in shaping a world where sustainability, security, and dignity are intertwined with the digital evolution. Keywords: blockchain technology, artificial intelligence (AI), sustainability digital transformation 263 B I T HARMONIZING HUMANITY AND INDUSTRY: T OOK H 'S A E 1 ORCHESTRATING INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION FOR O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SUSTAINABLE PROSPERITY S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Maja-Marija Nahod, Professor 2 F 4 E : I R Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR In an era where the dynamic interplay between technology and society shapes our future, the F S OP U E’ concept of industrial transition has evolved beyond mere economic metamorphosis. This paper S S TA S delves into the narrative of industrial transition with a focus on the symbiotic relationship be-C IN IE tween people and the evolving industrial landscape. Embracing a modern and trendy perspec-A NC BI E tive, the research explores how this transition is not only about technological advancements L S IT A Y A but also about fostering sustainability and preserving human mindset. The intersection of in-ND N A novation and societal well-being is one of the core pillars of managing industrial transition D D RT success. The paper examines the nuanced dimensions of this transition, emphasizing the role I S G L N E of inclusivity, ethics, and human-centric approaches. It transcends the conventional discourse I A T D Y by addressing the imperative of aligning industrial progress with the values of sustainability ERS and dignity. The research employs a multi-disciplinary lens to analyze state of the art, emerg-AN ing trends, and transformative technologies, offering insights into crafting a future where in-D S dustries thrive in harmony with humanity. The paper aims to provoke thoughtful discourse and CHOL inspire collaborative efforts towards a future where industrial transition becomes a beacon of AR progress, fostering not only economic growth but also the well-being of individuals and the S sustainability of our planet. Keywords: industrial transition, mindset, technology and society, sustainability 264 STARTUPS AS AN INNOVATIVE CONCEPT OF B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Veronika Tóthová, PhD, Lecturer A P A L L C C E 2 Newton University, Slovakia T ON S 02 F Milan Fila, Lecturer 4 E : I RE College of Applied Psychology, Ltd., Czechia N S NC E E R O V F I E C ABSTRACT E O UR F S OP A big topic resonating in society in recent years is sustainable development, which covers all ar-U E’ S S eas of society‘s life, such as social, political, ecological, and entrepreneurial areas. But to make TA SC sustainability an essential part of our lives, it is necessary to abandon the usual concepts and IN IE A NC focus on a different view of things and innovations that precede any change. Based on the knowl-BI E L S I edge about startups, which defines them as disruptors of old concepts, we can assume that start-T A Y A N ups, with their innovative approaches to solving issues, will play a crucial role in the sustainable D N A D D development of society. When we analyze the startup ecosystems, we can see that there are RT I S many leading startups in the eco scene, which are often at the forefront of innovation, so they G L N E I A can use their unique approach to making a positive impact on the environment and thus attract T D Y E more people interested in the topic of sustainable development. RS A Keywords: startup, sustainable development, entrepreneurship, innovation, environment ND SCHOL ARS 265 B I T ALTERNATIVE MEDIA AS AN AWARENESS-RAISING T OOK H 'S A E 1 TOOL FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE: A O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF “IKLIMHABER.ORG” S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Nur Emine Koc, Associate Professor 2 F 4 E : I RE Aysegül Akaydin Aydin, Professor N S NC E E Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Among the 17 articles under the Sustainable Development Goals, Article 13 focuses on climate S S TA SC action. Within this framework, increasing knowledge and raising awareness is one of the main IN IE A NC responsibilities of the media. In this context, thematic news websites have been established, BI E L S especially on alternative media platforms. In this study, the focus will be on alternative and the-IT A Y A N matic news about clean water, climate and environment, and raising social awareness in Turkey. D N A D D For this reason, the news website “iklimhaber.org” is selected as the sample. The site will be RT I S analyzed using the content analysis method and numerical data will be obtained according to G L N E I A the determined categories. Content analysis will be conducted in the light of the determined T D Y E categories to reveal to what extent the website provides information on these issues and how RS A it shapes social awareness. This study provides an important example to understand the role of ND a media platform focusing on climate action and to evaluate the dynamics of communication in SCHOL this field. This analysis can provide valuable insights into how the media can contribute to sustainable development goals. ARS Keywords: clean water, climate and environment, clean energy, sustainability 266 PRESENTING THE SUSTAINABILITY MODEL OF B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A META-SYNTHESIS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N APPROACH BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Mohammad Roozbeh, Expert 02 F Tarsim Dade Afzar Co., Iran 4 E : I RE N S NC Hossein Safari, Professor E E R O Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran V F I E CE O U Mohsen Moradi-Moghadam, PhD, Expert R F S OP Mobile Communication Company of Iran (MCI), Iran U E’ S S TA S Mohammad Mahoud, PhD, Researcher C IN IE 3M-CEPM R&D Institute, Iran A NC BI E L S IT A Y A N ABSTRACT D N A D D R Prioritizing sustainability in construction has become a common goal among governments, in-T I S G L dustry professionals, and academics. The main objective of sustainable construction is to min-N E I A T imize the negative impact of construction on the environment and promote a better quality of D Y ER life while paying attention to economic issues. This research aims to present a sustainable model S A for construction projects, considering the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. To ND S achieve this goal, the study has conducted a qualitative analysis of the research results in this CHOL field. By applying the meta-synthesis method, we analyzed 45 out of 257 identified articles for A this purpose. Our study identified 139 indicators to assess the sustainability of construction pro-RS jects. Of these, 36 indicators pertain to the environment, 44 to the economy, and 59 to social factors. Among the identified indicators, safety on the site was the most frequently mentioned (22 repetitions), followed by hygiene (16 repetitions), energy efficiency (16 repetitions), employee training and development (16 repetitions), and water consumption and conservation (15 repetitions). Among the current research, innovations are identifying indicators and dimensions of sustainable construction using the meta-synthesis qualitative research method. Keywords: sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable construction, Meta-Synthesis, construction projects 267 B I T SUSTAINABLE GRAPHIC DESIGN IN THE CASE OF T OOK H 'S A E 1 WORKING WITH THE URBAN IMAGES O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Melita Rozman Cafuta, Assistant Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovenia 02 F 4 E Daria Mustić, Assistant Professor : I RE N S NC University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Croatia E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP One of the fundamental characteristics of sustainable graphic design is its durability. Sustain-U E’ S S TA S able graphic design involves the use of images that are aesthetically timeless and ensure that C IN IE products remain relevant over time, avoiding the cycle of trends that lead to premature disposal. A NC B Design ideas can be found everywhere: in literature, in music and also in the environment. ImagI E L S IT A es of cities are today an integral part of the visual repertoire. They appear on everyday products Y A NDN (packaging) as well as on products with a specific purpose (advertising or information) in both A D D RT physical and digital form. In today‘s sustainable society, the selection of images based solely on I S G L N intuition is no longer appropriate. In design practice, we are faced with the challenge of finding E I A T D Y a relevant image that conveys the message of quality urban living. The primary goal of designers ERS is to select those that are recognizable, associated with positive emotions and consistent with AN the individual‘s spatial identity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to apply a structural approach D S based on systems theory. This paper presents a systematic approach for the selection of images CHOL within an urban matrix based on the identification of Pillars of Spatial Identity (PSS points). AR Keywords: sustainable graphic design, pillars of spatial identity, image of the city S 268 SUSTAINABLE FLOODS DISASTER RECOVERY B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A Franc Vidic, PhD, Lecturer T P N BS N E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 ABSTRACT 2 F 4 E : I RE Sustainability is becoming increasingly important. It is no longer all about the environmental N S NC aspects but also the social and economic aspects, which can only be achieved by achieving an E E R O V F effective balance between these three aspects. I E CE O UR The goal of sustainable disaster recovery is to craft long-term solutions and resiliency for comF S OP munities across the globe. Storms, floods, landslides are a risk we face. Due to the abundant rain-U E’ S S TA S fall and rapid runoff of rainwater, torrential and flat waters rise and cross river bed. C IN IE Floodwaters are associated with erosion, landslides, the carrying away of soil on riverbanks, as A NC BI E well as deposits of material carried by swollen rivers. Raging waters cause a lot of damage to L S IT A Y A N agriculture. Rapid response and remediation of the damage caused, as well as financial com-D N A pensation, help to reduce the consequences and the continuation of the activity. In this paper D D RT author explain the inportance of effective responses to flood risk. It is a major challenge, includI S G L N E ing: public expectations; health, welfare and security; environmental impact minimization. In-I A T D Y terventions must be sustainable. ERS A This paper is prepared by conducting a series of relevant literature reviews in the field of land ND subsidence and flooding, and the analysis of several damage cases in the Gorenjska area during SC heavy rainfall in August 2023. HOL A Keywords: sustainability, flood, landslides RS 269 B I T CLIL ROBOTICS - A PROGRAM TO PROMOTE T OOK H 'S A E 1 ROBOTICS AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Gerald Hühner, PhD, Researcher L L C C E 2 T ON S Institute Discimus Lab Trzec, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The presentation will focus on CLIL robotics, that is dedicated to the opportunities and challenges I E CE O U of robotics/AI. It combines the promotion of robotics and foreign language skills for the use and R F S OP expansion of communicative competences with a special focus on ethical aspects. “CLIL” stands U E’ S S for “Content and Language Integrated Learning”, with the content “robotics” and the explicit op-TA SC I tion of offering all (foreign) languages. For this purpose, the Discimus Lab institute has devel-N IE A NC B oped the concept “CLIL robotics from kindergarten to profession”, to address social issues and I E L S I needs of the topic at an early stage and in a sustainable manner, initially in a playful way, so that T A Y A ND it can then be systematically built upon. In addition, Discimus Lab organizes the annual Sloveni-N A D D R an and Croatian CLIL Robotics Championships, which have already been successfully held several T I S G L times in both countries. Mixed teams of primary and secondary school pupils/students take part N E I A T and compete to achieve synergies within the education vertical. Teachers for STE(A)M and ForD Y ER eign languages are trained regularly to support their students and contribute to a sustainable S A implementation into the education landscapes in both countries. Plans to start an “International ND CLIL-Robotics Champions League” exist. SCHOL Keywords: CLIL, education, robotics, communication, ethics ARS 270 WHO AM I? AN EXAMINATION OF GIG B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 EMPLOYMENT STATUS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N OF E-HAILING DRIVERS IN MALAYSIA BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Laila Suriya Ahmad Apandi, Lecturer 02 F 4 E Mohd Dino Khairri Shariffuddin, Lecturer : I RE N S NC Salwani Arbak, Professor E E R O V F Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia I E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC Technological disruptions have significantly changed the landscape of labour employment. The IN IE A NC Fourth Industrial Relations enables the creation of platform economy and gig economy which BI E L S resulted into new form of labour; gig labour. However, the position of gig labour is uncertain. IT A Y A N It could be either informal or gig employment. This also resulted into the circumstances of dis-D N A D D guised employment. That is, the supposed gig labour should be informal or gig employment; RT I S however, gig labour could be considered as formal employment because of some rules imposed G L N E by the platform companies. This somehow affects the dignity of gig workers. It also jeopardises I A T D Y E the sustainability of these workers in gig economy. RS A Henceforth, the paper examines the perception of e-hailing drivers in Malaysia on their respec-ND tive employment status as gig workers. SCHOL Keywords: fourth industrial revolution, gig economy, platform economy, sustainable develop-A ment, human dignity RS 271 B I T FUNDAMENTAL MODELING FOR SUSTAINABLE T OOK H 'S A E 1 SYNGAS PRODUCTION THROUGH WASTE O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B GASIFICATION S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Marko Šetinc, Assistant Professor 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC Geopolis d.o.o., Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP U E’ Waste gasification is a process that transforms waste material into fundamental components, S S TA S primarily synthesis gas (syngas), which is a precursor for methanol synthesis and other hydro-C IN IE carbons production. This method effectively converts waste into a clean raw material - syngas. A NC BI E Modeling this process involves documenting and verifying the fundamental mass and energy L S IT A Y A balances, serving as a foundation for further design and optimization of individual processes. ND N A The model is constructed using mathematical formulations that delineate the material and ener-D D RT gy transformations occurring throughout the process. I S G L N E Keywords: waste, gasification, syngas, modeling I A T D Y ERS AND SCHOL ARS 272 WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND IS IT B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ACHIEVABLE? O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Laurence Hewick, Associate Professor A P A L L C C E 2 Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O The abstract describes what sustainable is by definitions accepted by the UN. What are the needs V F I E C of people from a perspective of the natural environment, our economy and our civic society with E O UR a brief description of each as it relates to today’s problems. Further it describes the three pillars F S OP U E’ on which sustainable development concepts were built and what we know about these conS S TA S cepts. It further looks at where the UN’s 2030 sustainable development goals are at today and C IN IE why they are not being met. It ends with recommendations for all countries to ‘get back on track’ A NC BI E and concludes with what we as people must do if we are to become sustainable. L S IT A Y A N Keywords: sustainable development, inclusive society, economic, environmental stewardship D N A D D RTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 273 B I T THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY T OOK H 'S A E 1 AS THE CONSCIENCE OF THE WORLD: A O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B CONSTRUCTIVIST ANALYSIS S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Uroš Popadić, Researcher 2 F 4 E : I R Pax Research Center of the Americas, the Institute for Strategic Risk Management, the Protect Our E N S NC Planet Movement E E R O V F I E CE O U ABSTRACT R F S OP U E’ The paper deals with the idea of the General Assembly (GA) as a moral conscience of humanity. S S TA S It undertakes to understand to what measure this idea is true, and how the desire of the GA as C IN IE an institution to be a moral compass influences the attitudes and behavior of the members. At A NC BI E the same time the members internalize this idea and purpose of the institution, and act in ways L S IT A Y A supportive of it. ND N A The construct of the GA both influences its members, and is influenced by them, as it is a reac-D D RTIS tive and constantly evolving construct. The article attempts to explain the causal relationship by G L N E which states use the GA to stress their ideas and concerns, and how the GA in turn informs their I A T D Y E views of the world. The first part will put the GA into perspective through a constructivist prism. RS A The second part will examine the role and function of the GA in relation to ethics in international ND relations. The third part will give a historical overview of this role for the GA. The method is in-SC formed by the constructivist theory of International relations, and is focused on the case study of HOL an institution (the GA) through empirical analysis. ARS Keywords: constructivism, moral conscience, international ethics, General Assembly, global community 274 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PLANNING TO ENSURE B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF LOCAL RESIDENTS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Urška Starc Peceny, Assistant Professor A P A L L C C E 2 Doba fakulteta, Slovenia T ON S 0 Arctur d.o.o., Slovenia 2 F 4 E : I RE Petra Škodlar, Senior Project Manager N S NC E E R O Vesna Kobal, CTO V F I E CE O U Katarina Ceglar, Deputy Head of Tourism 4.0 R F S OP Arctur d.o.o., Slovenia U E’ S S TA SC IN IE ABSTRACT A NC BI E L The tourism industry faces a critical challenge: balancing economic growth with environmental S IT A Y A N protection and social well-being. Sustainable tourism planning, which prioritizes local residents‘ D N A quality of life, offers a promising path forward. This article explores the integral role of innova-D D RT tive tools and data analytics in this process. I S G L N E I A Innovative technologies can effectively monitor tourism‘s impacts, ensuring informed deci-T D Y E sion-making that minimizes negative environmental and social consequences. They enable the RS A development of smart tourism systems that optimize resource use, reduce negative impacts and ND enhance visitor experiences. Furthermore, they empower collaboration among different stake-SCHOL holders, including local communities, businesses, and government administration, fostering inclusive and sustainable tourism development. ARS This article explains how innovative tools and multiple data sources can be leveraged to gather real-time and other (e.g. historic, statistical etc.) data on tourist flows, in order to plan efficiently and make informed decisions. By integrating technologies and data analytics into sustainable tourism planning frameworks, destinations can create a future where tourism not only thrives economically but also protects the environment, enriches local communities, and fosters a high quality of life for residents. Keywords: sustainable tourism planning, quality of life of local residents, innovative technologies, data analytics, informed decision making 275 B I T THE CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS IN T OOK H 'S A E 1 CROSS-FUNCTIONAL COLLABORATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B BETWEEN THE PMO AND SMO TO EFFECTIVELY S N E T U O R A P A L ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY L C C E 2 T ON S 0 DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O Mario Protulipac, PhD Candidate V F I E C Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E O UR F S OP Okviri znanja d.o.o., Croatia U E’ S S TA SC I ABSTRACT N IE A NC BI E With the growing importance of sustainable development in all spheres of life, sustainability has L S IT A Y A become a critical topic in project management. In a holistic view, the focus is not only on the rela-ND N A tionship between individual constructs and their impact on sustainability but also on cross-func-D D RT tional cooperation within the organizational structure necessary to achieve sustainability goals. I S G L N E The Project Management Office (PMO) is responsible for establishing project management methI A T D Y E odologies and standards. In its work, the PMO collaborates with various departments and func-RS A tional units of the organization, including the recently established and rapidly growing Sus-ND tainability Management Office (SMO). The purpose of this study is to analyse and compare the SC responsibilities of the PMO with those of the SMO and identify areas of potential collaboration HOL from the perspective of achieving sustainable development goals, taking a pragmatic interpre-AR tive approach. S A list of key responsibilities of a PMO and SMO was formed based on an analysis of relevant literature. The research results show partial compatibility of functions that can positively impact organizational sustainability goals and open new questions related to organizational theory. Keywords: project sustainability, Project Management Office, Sustainability Management Office, PMO, SMO 276 WEB AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A TOWARDS TRUSTWORTHY AUTONOMOUS L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 SYSTEMS FOR A SAFER SOCIETY: REFERENCE 2 F 4 E : I RE TAXONOMY AND DIGITAL TWINS N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Francesco Flammini, Professor R F S OP University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Switzerland U E’ S S Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA USI-SUPSI), Switzerland TA SC IN IE A NC B ABSTRACT I E L S IT A Y A N The rapid evolution of autonomous systems has the potential to redefine the way our society D N A functions. Autonomous vehicles, drones, and industrial robots, among others, are poised to de-D D RT liver unprecedented efficiency, productivity, and safety benefits. Yet, to fully embrace these au-I S G L N E tonomous innovations, ensuring their trustworthiness is paramount. This paper presents a comI A T D Y E prehensive reference taxonomy for assessing the trustworthiness of autonomous systems and RS explores the integration of Digital Twins to further enhance their safety and dependability. AND The reference taxonomy offers a standardized framework for evaluating and classifying auton-SCHOL omous systems, addressing crucial dimensions such as safety, security, reliability, and ethical considerations. Key elements include sensor technologies, decision-making algorithms, human ARS interactions, and adaptability. By establishing a common terminology and a structured approach to assess trustworthiness, this taxonomy aims to facilitate communication among researchers, engineers, policymakers, and various stakeholders. Digital Twins, virtual representations of physical autonomous systems, play a pivotal role in this framework. By enabling continuous monitoring and simulation of real-world counterparts, Digital Twins provide valuable tools for proactive fault detection, scenario testing, and adaptive learning. Their integration equips autonomous systems with the ability to self-improve, thus bolstering their safety and reliability. This paper explores the practical implications of implementing the proposed reference taxonomy and Digital Twins across a range of sectors, including transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, and emergency services. It also addresses the ethical and operational challenges that arise as autonomous systems become more integrated into our lives. In conclusion, achieving trustworthy autonomous systems is essential for a safer and more efficient society. The reference taxonomy and the integration of Digital Twins, as presented in this paper, represent a significant stride towards this goal. By embracing a standardized approach to evaluating trustworthiness, we can harness the transformative potential of autonomous systems while minimizing risks and uncertainties. Keywords: autonomous systems, trustworthiness, reference taxonomy, digital twins 281 B I T EMPOWERING ACADEMIC FUTURES: BLOCKCHAIN- T OOK H 'S A E 1 BACKED DIGITAL CREDENTIALING FOR O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Mirjana Ivanuša, Lecturer 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E Tony Lenko, PhD R O V F Edvance Digital Solutions, Australia I E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC Alma Mater Europaea is proudly launching „Sustainable Academic Futures,“ a groundbreaking IN IE A NC pilot initiative introducing a blockchain-backed digital credentialing platform from March 2024 BI E L S together with Edvance Digital Solutions company from Melburne, Australia. This transformative IT A Y A N platform not only provides students with access to verifiable digital credentials but also cham-D N A D D pions sustainability at its core. By decentralizing identity trust systems, our approach minimizes RT I S the environmental impact associated with traditional credentialing processes. This shift not only G L N E I A enhances security and transparency but significantly reduces paper usage, contributing to the T D Y E university‘s commitment to environmental responsibility. RS A This initiative embodies the conference‘s commitment to leveraging technological advance-ND S ments for the service of humanity. By facilitating secure, transparent, and decentralized creden-CHOL tial verification, we contribute to sustainable development, ensuring the inherent worth of each A individual. Our presentation invites academics, researchers, and practitioners to explore the RS transformative potential of our platform in fostering intergenerational and intragenerational equity, sustainable use, and developmental needs. Keywords: Sustainable Academic Futures, blockchain-backed digital credentialing, sustainable development, intergenerational and intragenerational equity 282 PROMOTING HUMAN DIGNITY AND LEARNING B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 SUSTAINABILITY WITH SUPPORT OF WEB3D O B 2 O th F A U A T P N RESOURCES: A USE CASE BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Jorge Ferreira Franco, Professor 02 F Advanced Studies of The University of Sao Paulo (IEA-USP), Brazil 4 E : I RE N S NC Institute of Arts, Paulista State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (IA-UNESP), Brazil E E R O V F I E C ABSTRACT E O UR F S OP This educational work’s materials, practices and results have covered a lack in information relatU E’ S S ed to long-term effects of individuals using Web3D-based advanced information communication TA SC I and visualization technologies since Primary Education’s territory. The implementation’s proN IE A NC B ceedings have combined action research work, qualitative research, including educators and stu-I E L S I dents formative processes related to media education. In the context of a primary school, within T A Y A ND a metropolitan city’s suburban area, in a developing country, Web3D and information production N A D D R and visualization (IPV) technologies have been applied through participatory hands on and re-T I S G L flective learning experiences, working in service of promoting learning trajectories and human N E I A T dignity with sustainability. Evidences of such applications and results have been registered via D Y ER this researcher’s archives as photos, computer programming source code and its three-dimenS A sional (3D) symbolic representation, e-mails and social media information. These archives have ND supported to present this use case, in which a former student has learned, (co)created and shared SCHOL knowledge referent how to utilizing Web3D and IPV resources at k-12 Education levels and beyond. He graduated in Computer Science, worked as 3D modeller and has done postgraduate ARS courses, becoming an educator who has applied web-based technology for teaching. Throughout inside and outside school learning projects, our dialogic human computer interactions (HCI) have supported in service educators and students’ cognitive and technical preparation for dealing and authoring content with Web3D and IPV technologies. Individuals’ hands on and reflective experiences have enhanced their digital, spatial, visual and conventional literacy skills. Hence, the experiences have inspired citizens’ research, lifelong learning, volunteering and professional attitudes. So, this use case has contributed for identifying individuals’ lifelong outcomes with human dignity as a result of dialogic and participatory learning and using of Web3D-based and IPV resources since K-12 Education levels. Keywords: education, coding literacy, human dignity, co-creation, Web3D technology 283 B I T T EXPERT PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SECURING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER: CYBERSECURITY S N E T U O R A P A L L CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE BALKANS C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN SNC E E R O ENHANCING CYBERSECURITY COLLABORATION V F I E CE O U AMONG WESTERN BALKANS SIX (WB6) R F S OP U E’ THROUGH COMMON POLICIES, STANDARDS, S S TA SC I AND JOINT INITIATIVES N IE A NC BI E L S IT A Y A N Igli Tafa, General Director D N A D D R National Authority on Electronic Certification and Cyber Security of Albania (NAECCS), Albania T I S G L N E I A T D Y ABSTRACT ERS A Proposal delineates a comprehensive framework aimed at bolstering cybersecurity measures ND across the Western Balkans Six (WB6) nations through the adoption of common policies, stand-SC ards, and collaborative initiatives. Central to this framework is the establishment of a baseline HOL for cybersecurity, shared among National Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs), AR targeting the protection of critical and important infrastructures. The framework emphasizes S mutual support in the enactment and implementation of cybersecurity laws and bylaws, aligning with EU Directives such as the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) and the Cyber Resilience Act. It also focuses on the collective identification of critical and significant infrastructures across various sectors within the WB6, enhancing cross-border cybersecurity resilience. A key component of the proposed framework includes participation in joint EU projects like the Digital Europe Programme (DEP) and investment in national crown jewels applications, pivotal for national security and economic vitality. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of exchanging expertise in various cybersecurity domains among the WB6 countries, aiming to ele-vate the region's collective cybersecurity posture. The establishment of a WB6 CERT, comprising experts from the six Western Balkan countries, and a high-level WB6 cybersecurity board, are proposed as mechanisms for strategic oversight and operational coordination. This board, consisting of the General Directors of cybersecurity from each country, is envisioned to facilitate regular interaction and decision-making, thus ensuring a cohesive regional cybersecurity strategy. Additionally, the framework proposes the organization of quarterly workshops and conferences to foster knowledge sharing and collaboration among cybersecurity experts and managers from different sectors across the WB6. These gatherings, slated to occur in various locations, aim to keep stakeholders abreast of the latest trends, challenges, and solutions in cybersecurity. Further, the framework addresses the safety of online environments for children across the WB6 and advocates for the involvement of universities in cybersecurity education. By integrating cybersecurity topics into university curricula and enhancing the expertise of professors, the initiative aims to contribute to the long-term development of cybersecurity skills in the region. In conclusion, the proposed framework seeks to establish a comprehensive, collaborative approach to cybersecurity in the Western Balkans, enhancing the region's resilience against cyber threats through shared standards, policies, and joint initiatives. Keywords: Albania, cybersecurity collaboration, Western Balkans, national computer security Incident Response Teams 284 STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A THE INFLUENCE OF FACEBOOK ON CHANGES L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 IN HUMAN COMMUNICATION IN THE FIELD OF 2 F 4 E : I RE EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS N S NC E E R O V F I E CE O U Božidar Veljković, Assistant Professor R F S OP Tihana Đumić, PhD Candidate U E’ S S TA S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM Slovenia C IN IE A NC BI E L S ABSTRACT IT A Y A N Digital technology in mass media provides a new way of information transmission but often falls D N A D D R short in delivering the truthfulness and emotional depth of information compared to human T I S G L interaction. Besides the convergence offered by media, the resolution of information through N E I A digital or mass communication channels remains inferior to direct human communication. The T D Y ER question arises of how social internet platforms impact relationships between men and wom-S A en and the value and emotional structure of these relationships. Despite numerous studies that ND have focused on the influence of social media on the quality of communication and the lives of SCHOL children and youth, it seems that the impact of social networks on gender relationships is often overlooked or considered less important. ARS This research aimed to examine the public perception of the alienation effects of Facebook in the realm of primal and primary social interaction between men and women as opposed to all other forms and types of communication. Most participants do not support the use of social networks for romantic encounters or emotional relationships, considering virtual communication an inadequate substitute for real emotional contact, which involves non-verbal signs of attraction, and do not view it as a means of engaging in emotional or erotic adventures. While most do not see them as a threat to stable emotional relationships, they pose a threat to the spiritual component and the dignity of partners and are perceived as a platform for sexual escapades, affairs, and infidelity. Keywords: social networks, gender identity, emotional relationships, sexuality 289 B I T THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL POLITICAL T OOK H 'S A E 1 COMMUNICATION IN INFLUENCING VOTER O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B BEHAVIOR S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Radoslav Baltezarević, Senior Research Fellow 2 F 4 E : I R Institute of International Politics and Economics, Republic of Serbia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR The development of digital technologies has changed and improved the methods of political F S OP U E’ communication. Today, digital political communication has become a powerful weapon of S S TA S politicians and their parties in political campaigns, which can ensure the desired outcome in C IN IE political elections. Communication in a digital environment can more effectively influence A NC BI E the building of desired attitudes among voters and additionally motivate them to spread pos-L S IT A Y A itive electronic word of mouth (eWOM) to other Internet users in order to directly encourage ND N A the formation of positive political opinion towards a specific political candidate and/or party. D D RT However, digital political content published on social media must be properly and intelligent-I S G L N E ly developed and regularly altered in order to improve communication with voters and have I A T D Y a more comprehensive impact on the ultimate results of political elections. In recent years, ERS political marketing professionals have employed credible political influencers in social media AN (primarily experts in this field) to influence voter attitudes and, as a result, affect the creation D S of desired positive political perceptions. CHOL Keywords: digital political communication, electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM), political influenc-AR ers, digital environment, voters S 290 CONSULTATION WITH THE PUBLIC DURING B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 THE ADOPTION OF LAWS IN THE FIELD OF O B 2 O th F A U A T P N ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BS N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S Irena Klepac Mustać, PhD Candidate 02 F Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 4 E : I RE N S NC E E R O ABSTRACT V F I E CE O U The area of environmental protection is a special topic in terms of global importance. Since the R F S OP quality of the environment has a global impact, there is an interest in placing special empha-U E’ S S sis on the highest quality laws that affect environmental protection. Therefore, the procedure TA SC I for passing laws in the field of environmental protection is specifically regulated by the Aarhus N IE A NC B Convention, which contains guidelines for the procedure for passing those laws that affect the I E L S I environment, and which guidelines the signatory countries of the convention implement in their T A Y A ND legislation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of relevant scientific knowledge N A D D R and works related to consultation with the public during the adoption of regulations regarding T I S G L environmental protection, and to explain the differences in the role of the media in the process N E I A T of consultation with the public during the adoption of laws that do not regulate the area of en-D Y ER vironmental protection compared to the role of the media in relation to the adoption of regula-S A tions regulating environmental protection, using the methods of a semi-systematic review of ND the literature, and the Frederiksen / Phelps approach. The aforementioned knowledge is impor-SCHOL tant in terms of supplementing the existing scientific literature and forming future guidelines with the aim of developing a model of the consultation procedure when adopting regulations. In ARS further research, it is necessary to carry out further analyzes and comparisons of communication models and media in order to choose the best models and media and apply them to all procedures for enacting laws on environmental protection. Keywords: media, environmental protection, Aarhus Convention, public, consultation 291 B I T SUSTAINABILITY IN FOCUS: SUSTAINABILITY T OOK H 'S A E 1 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF OTP BANK D.D. O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B CROATIA S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Manuela Bukovec, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR Corporate Social Responsibility or sustainable banking is a business approach in which banks, F S OP U E’ in addition to complying with legal obligations, integrate environmental and societal concerns S S TA S into their decision-making processes. The managerial component establishes the framework C IN IE necessary for structured, efficient, and transparent management, including the existence of sys-A NC BI E tematic internal controls. Special attention is directed towards stakeholders. All of these factors L S IT A Y A are crucial in shaping the personal identity or image of each banking institution. Whether iden-ND N A tifying a bank as a socially responsible entity in general or as a desirable employer, corporate D D RT communication strategy is an indispensable part, and sustainability has long been incorporated I S G L N E into almost every message to stakeholders. I A T D Y E A case study on OTP Bank dd Croatia presents research results on the communication channels RS A used within the bank for strategic communication on sustainability to stakeholders, with a par-ND ticular focus on internal communication to key stakeholders. The study involved interviewing SC key individuals from the sustainability and corporate communications segments and observing HOL general trends in customer and employee behavior and satisfaction. ARS The study examines the types of content the bank shares with stakeholders and the challenges it faces in communicating about socially responsible business practices. The results of the study provide guidelines for the further development of strategic sustainability communication, especially internal communication. Future research could also explore its impact on increasing employee loyalty. Keywords: communication channels, communication strategy, socially responsible business, banking institution, public 292 PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: PERSPECTIVES B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 FROM THE COP28 CONFERENCE IN DUBAI O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Ivana Belić, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O This scientific work is focused on the analysis of media coverage and perceptions of climate V F I E C change among different countries, also participants of the Conference of the Parties in Dubai E O UR (COP28), with the aim of better understanding their views on this global problem. F S OP U E’ In order to achieve this goal, the author will use a qualitative research approach. An analysis of S S TA SC the coverage of the COP28 conference will be conducted in eight different media such as: BBC IN IE A NC News, The Washington, Al Jazeera, Deutsche Welle, France 24, South China Morning Post, The Ja-BI E L S pan Times and Večernji list as one Croatian media. Media coverage will be monitored in the peri-IT A Y A N od from November 20 to December 20, 2023. D N A D D R Analysis of this qualitative data will enable the author to identify differences and similarities in T I S G L perceptions between participating countries, taking into account geographic location, socio-po-N E I A T litical context, cultural diversity and educational background. At the same time, as an active parD Y ER ticipant in the COP28 conference, the author will use his insight and access to the participants to S A better understand their views. ND S To sum up, the paper will emphasise the importance of an integrated approach that includes CHOL responsible journalism, comprehensive education and an emphasis on communication and co-A operation in order to improve the perception of climate change. RS Keywords: political communication, climate change, COP28, energy transition 293 B I T HOW DOES GEN Z PERCEIVE SUSTAINABLE T OOK H 'S A E 1 FASHION? ATTITUDES OF CROATIAN STUDENTS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B TOWARDS THE GREEN H&M CAMPAIGN S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Ema Petrušić, Expert 2 F 4 E : I R CROZ d.o.o., Croatia E N S NC E E Tanja Grmuša, Assistant Professor R O V F Zagreb School of Business, Croatia I E CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC The phrase „sustainable fashion“ is increasingly heard in the media and among consumers. A lit-IN IE A NC erature review indicates that environmental awareness is greatly influenced by the concept of BI E L S greenwashing, which plays a central role in the communication strategies of numerous. In the IT A Y A N theoretical part, the concept of fast fashion and the sustainability question are analysed from D N A D D social, economic, environmental, and ethical perspectives. Furthermore, the paper provides a RT I S review of previous research on fast fashion in the Croatian market, which served as a stimulus for G L N E I A this research. The second part of the paper presents a study aimed at examining how students in T D Y E Croatia perceive the green campaign of one of the world‘s leading fast fashion brands, such as RS A H&M. The research was conducted from October 10, 2022, to October 16, 2022, through an online ND questionnaire with a sample of 162 students from three Croatian universities in Zagreb, Rijeka, SCHOL and Osijek. The research results show that students in Croatia are aware of the impact of fast fashion on society as a whole and the communities to which they belong. On the other hand, the ARS results of the conducted research indicate that the green campaign does not significantly affect their consumer habits and behaviour. Keywords: sustainable fashion, environmental awareness, greenwashing, students, H&M campaign 294 THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON THE PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF O B 2 O th F A U A T P N INTERNAL COMMUNICATION IN A NON-PROFIT BS N E T U O R A P ORGANIZATION: THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEAM A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 MEMBERS AND LEADERS 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Rebeka Radovanović, Expert R O V F I E Schneider Electric, Croatia CE O UR Tanja Grmuša, Assistant Professor F S OP U E’ Zagreb School of Business, Croatia S S TA SC IN IE A NC B ABSTRACT I E L S IT A Effective internal communication is integral to the success of any organization, prompting a Y A NDN growing emphasis on measurement and researching its effectiveness. This study, conducted in A D D RT 2023, delves into the perception of internal communication quality within the non-profit student I S G L N organization FSB Racing Team. Grounded in theoretical frameworks and previous research on in-E I A T D Y ternal communication, conducted research uses a mixed methods approach, utilizing both quan-ERS titative survey on a sample of 48 participants and qualitative in-depth interviews on a sample of AN three respondents. The primary objectives were to assess how members of the FSB Racing Team D S perceive the quality of internal communication and to examine the dynamics of communication CHOL within the organization. The findings reveal that, despite some shortcomings, internal commu-A nication is generally perceived as satisfactory by members. The study highlights the Microsoft RS Teams online platform as a valuable tool, facilitating more efficient information flow and organized storage of relevant reports for knowledge transfer. Keywords: non-profit organization, internal communication, satisfaction with communication, organizational culture, online platform 295 B I T COMMUNICATION OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS T OOK H 'S A E 1 WITH PATIENTS IN THE “POST-COVID” PERIOD O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B RELATED TO REGULAR MEDICATION INTAKE S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Dubravka Jakšetić, PhD Candidate 2 F 4 E : I R Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E N S NC E E R O V F ABSTRACT I E CE O UR The COVID-19 pandemic triggered substantial changes in the healthcare system. Communication F S OP U E’ had to be adapted to prevent the spread of infection, leading to the intensified use of available S S TA S technology for this purpose. These practices persist in certain healthcare settings „post-COVID“. C IN IE Effective healthcare communication is foundational for patient and staff satisfaction and crucial A NC BI E for successful treatment. Today, one current significant issue in healthcare communication is pa-L S IT A Y A tients‘ persistence in medication adherence. This study aims to explore patient experiences with ND N A „nudging“ communication and guiding behaviors without obligation, punishment, or without D D RT financial incentives. The research was conducted on a sample of 237 patients in the Republic of I S G L N E Croatia. The research results showed that a significant portion of patients agree or completely I A T D Y agree (70%) that encouraging medication intake by doctors is beneficial for patients, and enERS couragement from nurses (64%). Additionally, patients consider reminders received via mobile AN phones for medication intake or appointment schedules to be useful (81%). The research indi-D S cates that communication in the „post-COVID“ period, based on experiences during the pandem-CHOL ic, has proven to be effective and is positively evaluated by patients. AR Keywords: communication, „post-COVID,“ medication intake S 296 DEMOCRACY IN THE DIGITAL ERA: CROATIAN B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ATTITUDES TOWARD VOTING MECHANISMS O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac, PhD Candidate A P A L L C C E 2 T ON Biljana Cerin, PhD Candidate S 02 F4E Damir Vanđelić, PhD Candidate : I RE N S NC Antonio Prišćan, Lecturer E E R O V ZRIN - Institute for Development and Sustainability of Croatia, Croatia F I E CE O URF SOP ABSTRACT U E’ S S TA S This research, conducted through a survey on a representative sample of 650 citizens of the C IN IE A NC Republic of Croatia, aimed to investigate whether preferences for specific voting methods— BI E L traditional (paper and pencil), electronic via computer or smartphone from any location, and S IT A Y A N electronic systems at polling stations—differ based on sex, degree of urbanization, level of edu-D N A cation, and age of respondents. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed statistically significant D D RT differences in preferences concerning age, place of residence, and educational level with regard I S G L N E to various voting methods. The study contributes valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics I A T D Y E of voting preferences in Croatia, shedding light on how demographic factors influence citizens‘ RS choices in the context of evolving electoral technologies. These findings have implications for AND the design and implementation of voting systems, emphasizing the importance of tailoring ap-SC proaches to accommodate diverse demographic profiles in order to ensure inclusivity and rep-HOL resentation in democratic processes. ARS Keywords: voting preferences, e-voting, Croatia, elections, democracy 297 B I T FREEDOM AND ETHICS: BASIC POSTULATES T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF RELIGIOUS CREATION O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Zdravko Šorđan, Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Ethical research is placed at the very foundation of religious communication and in that regard it I E CE O U must arrive to the essence of the creative potential because it represents depth and warmth of R F S OP the spirit where both intellectual and spiritual effort come together without which there may U E’ S S not be soaring. Freedom of spirit and personal spirituality are the most efficient elements for TA SC I improvement of not just individual but social life as well, for establishment of moral attitudes N IE A NC B and values, development of cultural heritage and creation of an internal balance. Freedom of I E L S I spirit and civilisation are not a privilege of a few members of society because culture and re-T A Y A ND ligion are not biologically transferrable complexes, there is not anyone at such a low level of N A D D R cultural life who does not have some higher cultural pattern or even the very civilisation derived T I S G L from religious and philosophical ideas available. If it is however necessary to speak in a manner N E I A T which reduces the level, because it shall require “stooping” towards individuals or mob and their D Y ER cold minds, the conversation shall spread to them “down below” thanks to the influence left by S A freedom and civilisation. Freedom, being a need at the foundation of creative potential, in the ND process of religious communication, may never be too emphasized because origination of spirit-SCHOL uality within a man, and its development depend a great deal on the freedom of spirit and thus we come to the conclusion: the more free one is the more one is independent within oneself ARS and towards oneself and more understanding with others. In that regard, communication shall be directed to cooperation and joining with others, similar to oneself, since “only those who are similar may communicate.“ Keywords: freedom, creation, ethics, society, religion, communications 298 THE DIVERSIFICATION OF STRATEGIES IN B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 CONFRONTING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR: O B 2 O th F A U A T P N AN INTELLIGENCE MILITARY ANALYSIS IN THE BS N E T U O R A P CURRENT CONTEXT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS A L L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IR Stefano Turini, PhD, Senior Lecturer E N S NC Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia E E R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ This analysis delves into the strategic dimensions of revolutionary warfare, dissecting Italy‘s S S TA S susceptibility to subversive infiltration. Framed within a temporal ambit stretching five dec-C IN IE ades into the future, our exploration unveils a kaleidoscope of geopolitical intricacies. The A NC BI E preparatory phase entails fortifying national resilience through comprehensive intelligence L S IT A Y A frameworks. Subsequently, information warfare becomes a linchpin—propaganda strategi-ND N A cally diffusing across socio-political membranes. Crucially, the third phase, infiltration, ex-D D RT trapolates the prospect of insidious encroachment into national fabric, exploiting democratic I S G L N E conduits. Through a prescient lens, we foresee a nuanced evolution of this insidious paradigm I A T D Y in the future Italian landscape. The nexus of our exposition converges on the fourth phase: ERS strategic action. This dialectic unfolds in Italy, balancing on the fulcrum between „legitimate“ AN political ascension and the specter of „violent“ upheaval witnessed in disparate locales. As It-D S aly navigates this complex terrain, the populace‘s discernment emerges as the fulcrum upon CHOL which the trajectory of national destiny pivots. In essence, the discourse delineates Italy‘s AR strategic crossroads within the broader tapestry of global revolutionary dynamics. Positioned S within the terminus of temporal reckoning, it underscores the imperative for proactive intelligence measures, galvanized by a prescient populace. Keywords: subversive warfare, geopolitical resilience, information warfare, insidious infiltration, prescient Intelligence, strategic action paradigm 299 B I T INFORMATION QUALITY AS A MANIFESTATION T OOK H 'S A E 1 OF CONCERN FOR HUMAN DIGNITY O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Kinga Machowicz, Professor L L C C E 2 T ON S The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F Human rights accrue by virtue of being a human being endowed with inherent dignity. Among I E CE O U these rights is freedom of expression, of which the right to information is an element. The infor-R F S OP mation quality consists of many attributes, of which truth and credibility can be analyzed in the-U E’ S S oretical studies conducted using the desk research method. True information certainly enjoys the TA SC I protection of freedom of expression. The expression whose source is false information can be N IE A NC B conditionally granted the protection enjoyed by one of human rights, but disinformation and the I E L S I tools used in it are a denial of appropriate information quality , as it is not in the public interest. T A Y A ND Keywords: human rights, information quality N A D D RTISG LNEIATDY ERS AND SCHOL ARS 300 HEALTH NAVIGATION: STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN ISTRIAN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS Anthony Ban, PhD Candidate Branka Ličanin, PhD Candidate Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia Pula General Hospital, Croatia ABSTRACT Research on strategic communication management in healthcare institutions in Istria studies key strategies and challenges in communication. The focus is on the specifics of the health sector in this area, exploring communication approaches and implementing strategic practices to improve relationships with patients, staff and the community. The research aims to identify and analyze the potential relationship between applied communication management strategies and the level of patient satisfaction in health care institutions in Istria, with an emphasis on providing a deeper understanding of the factors that influence patients‘ perception of the quality of communication in the health care environment. Three research hypotheses were set: Ho: The application of strategic communication practices in healthcare institutions in Istria significantly correlates with increased patient satisfaction; H1: There are statistically significant differences in the perception of the effectiveness of communication strategies in healthcare institutions in Istria in relation to the gender of the respondents; H2: There are statistically significant differences in the perception of the effectiveness of communication strategies in healthcare institutions in Istria in relation to the age of the respondents. The research sample consisted of 130 patients. The research was conducted in Pula and Rovinj (Istria, Croatia). The scaling technique was used in the research part of the work. For the purposes of this research, the Assessment Scale of Strategic Communication Management in Healthcare Institutions was constructed. Based on the results of the research conducted, all three hypotheses were confirmed. First, the implementation of strategic communication practices significantly correlates with increased patient satisfaction. Also, statistically significant differences were observed in the perception of the effectiveness of communication strategies in relation to the gender and age of the respondents, which indicates the importance of adapting communication practices according to the individual characteristics of patients in Istrian healthcare institutions. Keywords: health institutions, Istrian patients, satisfaction, strategic communication management MANAGEMENT B I T T SCHOLARLY PANEL OOK H 'S A E 1 O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A ORGANISATIONAL COMPETENCE IN MANAGING L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 PROJECT PORTFOLIOS BASED ON SUSTAINABILITY 2 F 4 E : I RE N S NC E E Oxana Klimenko, PhD Candidate R O V F I E Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Slovenia CE O URF SOPUE’ ABSTRACT S S TA SC I Today, most organisations incorporate the concept of sustainable development and ESG require-N IE A NC B ments into their operations and develop strategies based on these topics and considering so-I E L S IT A cial, environmental and economic impact aspects. The organisation‘s strategy, which includes Y A ND sustainability and ESG objectives and indicators of the organisation is implemented through the N A D D R formation and implementation of a portfolio of projects and/or programmes. Project and/or T I S G L programme portfolio management is one of the most important competences of an organisa-N E I A T tion where the topic of sustainable development is not yet well studied. In the paper, the author D Y ER studied 25 sustainability reports of large companies and conducted a series of semi-structured S A interviews with portfolio managers. Having analysed the obtained data, the hypothesis of the ND S existence of correlation of project portfolios with the organisation‘s strategy in terms of sus-CHOL tainable development and ESG has been confirmed, and the key elements of the organisation‘s A competence in managing a portfolio of projects and/or programmes based on the sustainable RS development principles have been identified. These findings may be of interest to practitioners - organisational leaders, sustainability directors and portfolio managers. The study results can also be a contribution to sustainability theory and portfolio management. Keywords: portfolio management, sustainability, sustainable development, organisational 305 B I T PEOPLE MANAGEMENT WITH AN EMPHASIS T OOK H 'S A E 1 ON RECRUITING EMPLOYEES IN THE POST-COVID O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B ERA IN THE CATERING SECTOR: CASE STUDY S N E T U O R A P A L CZECHIA AND SLOVAKIA L C C E 2 T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S Renata Ježkova, Assistant Professor NC E E R O Tatek Beneti, PhD, Lecturer V F I E C Newton University, Czechia E O UR F S OP U E’ S S ABSTRACT TA SC IN IE The paper deals with people management with emphasis on recruiting employees in the A NC B post-covid era in the catering sector. Its aim is analysing the activities, tools, ways of recruitI E L S IT A ing employees that were most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, identifying the negative and Y A NDN positive impacts of the pandemic on people management in the context of the overall impact A D D RT of the pandemic on business in this sector within the Czech and Slovak Republics, and comparI S G L N ing the post-Covidian situation in gastro businesses in terms of people management with the E I A T D Y situation before the Covid pandemic. It focuses on methods of recruiting employees for gastro ERS establishments, communication channels and technologies, on key aspects of hiring employees, AN using new channels, reaching out to different generations, ways of solving the lack of required D S personnel. Important aspects are preferences when compiling job offers, the preferred profile of CHOL applicants and experience with the use of agency employees and the employment of foreigners, A mainly from Ukraine. The paper is based on the statistical processing of the results of a survey of RS the most competent persons responsible for people management in a sample of gastro enterprises of different size and nature throughout the Czech and Slovak Republic. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, post-covid era, people management, recruitment, catering sector 306 HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH IN PARTNERSHIP WITH II. GIMNAZIJA MARIBOR MEDICAL CANNABIS (CANNABIS SATIVA) AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF MELANOMA? Nuša Ačko, Student II. gimnazija Maribor, Slovenia ABSTRACT Nowadays, there is an increasing number of reseach focusing on the therapeutic effects of cannabis, as it has been in use for medical purposes since ancient times. In this study, the purpose was to examine the impact of five varieties of medical cannabis (Bedrocan, Bedrolite, Berdobinol, Bedica in Bediol) on melanoma cell lines. First, we performed the extraction of decarboxylated and non-decarboxylated cannabis samples using an ultrasonic bath. With the HPLC method, canabinoid profiles were made, and differences between decarboxylated and non-carboxylated extracts were observed. Finally, melanoma and healthy cell lines were exposed to hemp extracts, monitoring cell viability. Main conclusions of our research were that the certain exctracts reduced the cell viability of melanoma cells without excessively reducing the viability of healthy cell lines. Moreover, we also focused on connections between cannabinoid profiles, melanoma cell line mutations, melanoma progression rates, and cell viability, and looked for explanations for them. Keywords: cannabis, extraction, decarboxylation, melanoma, cell viability B I T REVIEW OF THE NEUTRALISING PROPERTIES T OOK H 'S A E 1 AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUGS AND FOOD O B 2 O th F A U A T P N B SUPPLEMENTS FOR NEUTRALISING GASTRIC ACID S N E T U O R A P A L L C C E 2 T ON S 0 Vid Koren, Student 2 F 4 E : I RE Ana Potočnik, Student N S NC E E II. gimnazija Maribor, Slovenia R O V F I E CE O UR ABSTRACT F S OP U E’ Gastric and other digestive disorders such as hyperacidity, GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disS S TA SC ease), peptic ulcer disease, etc. are particularly prevalent in the world of medicine, and the use IN IE A NC of antacids (drugs to neutralise stomach acid) is widespread. BI E L S IT A Medicines and food supplements were compared and evaluated in terms of the pH they would Y A ND reach in the stomach and their neutralising capacity. A comparison of the cost-effectiveness of N A D D R medicines and food supplements was also carried out by reviewing publicly published prices. T I S G L N The results show that medicines have on average a higher neutralising capacity than food supE I A T D Y plements. Medicines on average achieved pH values more appropriate to the physiological state ERS of the stomach than food supplements. However, the cost-effectiveness review shows that die-AN tary supplements are slightly more effective. D SC Keywords: antacids, drugs, food supplements, neutralization of gastric acid, neutralizing capac-HOL ity ARS 312 CORRELATION BETWEEN REGULAR PHYSICAL B I T T OOK H 'S A E 1 ACTIVITY AND ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R Žiga Gaal, Student A P A L L C C E 2 II. gimnazija Maribor, Slovenia T ON S 02 F4E: IREN S ABSTRACT NC E E R O Given the rise in self-esteem and anxiety-related problems, it is important to explore ways V F I E C to alleviate them. Several studies have shown that physical activity could be a good solution, E O UR demonstrating a positive correlation between physical activity and self-esteem and a nega-F S OP U E’ tive correlation between physical activity and anxiety. Using a questionnaire administered to a S S TA S sample of 345 students, I investigated these relationships and tested and proved the existence C IN IE of a correlation between physical activity and self-esteem and anxiety. In addition, the study A NC BI E showed that individuals who engage in moderate to high-intensity physical exercise show the L S IT A Y A highest (or best) levels of self-esteem. The association between type of exercise and anxiety ND N A was also shown to be statistically insignificant. The study also provided informative insights into D D RT gender differences in self-esteem and anxiety and considered differences in type and frequency I S G L N E of exercise. I A T D Y E Keywords: physical activity, exercise, anxiety, self-esteem, mental health RS AND SCHOL ARS 313 B I T ASSESSING ALTERNATIVE ELECTORAL SYSTEMS AND T OOK H 'S A E 1 THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA O B 2 O th F A U A T P N BS N E T U O R A P A Borja Ranzinger, Student L L C C E 2 T ON S II. gimnazija Maribor, Slovenia 02 F 4 E : I RE N S NC ABSTRACT E E R O V F The electoral system is one of the most important factors influencing the functioning of democ-I E CE O U racies worldwide. Fair representation is an idea that advocates the closest possible relationship R F S OP between the wishes of the electoral base on election day and the final composition of repre-U E’ S S sentative bodies. Slovenia‘s electoral threshold results in many ‚wasted votes‘ in each election, TA SC I leading to low levels of fair representation. In the last national elections, the electoral threshold N IE A NC B resulted in a 24% loss of votes. In this research paper, I analyze alternative systems to see how I E L S I good they are at ensuring fair representation and determine whether or not we could imple-T A Y A ND ment them in Slovenia. I also consider how the introduction of various changes would affect Slo-N A D D R venian democracy. After thorough examination and analysis, I determined that implementing T I S G L some variation of STV would be the most effective way to increase fair representation in Slovenia N E I A T while maintaining the efficiency of our governing bodies. I conclude by outlining the different D Y ER policy paths for electoral reform. S AN Keywords: single transferable vote, parliamentary threshold, elections, lost votes, proportional D S representation CHOL ARS 314