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• Scenario selected 
Prior to session 


• Materials available 
commencing 


Time given to prepare 
solution (2-5 minutes) 
Note: Distractions can 
be used by Facilitator 
during this period 

Step1: Facilitator presents 
details of scenario, and 
assigns role to be adopted 

Step 2: Participants prepare 
a solution to dilemma 
Step 3: Participants present 
solutions 


Facilitator introduces 
“what if’s” during 
presentation of 
solutions 


Step 4: Group discusses 
similarities/differences 
between solutions 


Step 5: Debrief (using 
learning tools as required) 

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Decision Making 
Explore important cues that might have been seen earlier, 
assessments that were mistaken, and the types of 
uncertainties encountered and how they were handled. 
Critique • Why they made the decisions they did 
• What information and events influenced decisions 
• What factors helped or hindered decision making 
Decision Requirement 
Key judgements and decisions are identified, and the reasons 
why these decisions were difficult can be discussed. 

Key vulnerabilities in a plan can be identified. 

• What could have caused the plan to fail 
Pre-Mortem 

• What reasons are there for the failure 
• What critical flaws may have affected decisions 
The Team Leader describes his/her intent (goals and focus) 
and how he/she would expect the team to react. 

Commander’s Intent 
Simultaneously, the team members detail how they think 
they would react. The two interpretations can then be 
compared. 

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