FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2, 5–43, LJUBLJANA 2017 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION OF SLOVENIA FITOCENOLOŠKA ANALIZA GOZDOV CERA (QUERCUS CERRIS) V SUBMEDITERANSKEM FITOGEOGRAFSKEM OBMOČJU SLOVENIJE Igor DAKSKOBLER1, Zvone SADAR2 & Andraž ČARNI3 http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0026 ABSTRACT Phytosociological analysis of Quercus cerris woods in the sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region of Slovenia We conducted a phytosociological analysis of mixed de- ciduous forests on flysch and mixed flysch-limestone bed- rock in the Central Soča Valley, the Karst, the Brkini Hills and in Slovenian Istria with dominating Quercus cerris in the upper tree layer. Based on the comparison with similar Quercus cerris communities in Slovenia, Italy, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina we described a new association, Se- slerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis, which we classified into the alliance Carpinion orientalis. We subdivided it into three subassociations: -asparagetosum acutifolii (Quercus cerris stands in Slovenian Istria where this tree species reju- venates successfully and keeps through many generations), -hieracietosum sabaudi (a form on slightly acid flysch soil, also in Istria) and -campanuletosum rapunculoidis (a second- ary Quercus cerris community on potential beech sites). Even though the described Quercus cerris stands are consid- ered secondary (pioneer), they overgrow very large areas and we therefore propose they be classified as a new habitat and forest site type, littoral Quercus cerris woods on flysch. Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, Seslerio au- tumnalis-Quercetum cerridis, Carpinion orientalis, Istria, Slovenia IZVLEČEK Fitocenološka analiza gozdov cera (Quercus cerris) v sub- mediteranskem fitogeografskem območju Slovenije Fitocenološko smo analizirali mešane listnate gozdove na flišni in mešani flišno-apnenčasti matični podlagi v Sred- njem Posočju, na Krasu, v Brkinih in v Slovenski Istri, kjer v drevesni plasti prevladuje cer (Quercus cerris). Na podlagi primerjave s podobnimi cerovimi združbami v Sloveniji, Italiji, Madžarski in Bosni in Hercegovini smo opisali novo asociacijo Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis, ki jo uvrščamo v zvezo Carpinion orientalis. Členili smo jo na tri subasociaciji: -asparagetosum acutifolii (cerovi sestoji v Slov- enski Istri, kjer se ta drevesna vrsta dobro pomlajuje in ohranja skozi več generacij), -hieracietosum sabaudi (oblika na nekoliko zakisanih flišnih tleh, prav tako v Istri) in -cam- panuletosum rapunculoidis (drugotna cerova združba na po- tencialno bukovih rastiščih). Kljub temu, da opisane cerove sestoje štejemo za drugotne (pionirske), zaradi precejšnjih površin, ki jih poraščajo, predlagamo nov habitatni in gozd- ni rastiščni tip primorsko cerovje na flišu. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis, Carpinion orientalis, Istra, Slovenija 1 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional Research Unit Tol- min, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin and Biotechnical Faculty of the University in Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, SI-1000 Ljubljana, igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si 2 Zavod za gozdove Slovenije, Območna enota Sežana, Krajevna enota Kozina, Hrpelje, Reška cesta 14, SI-6240 Kozina, zvone. sadar@zgs.gov.si 3 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana and University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, carni@zrc-sazu.si DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 6 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Quercus cerris is a southeastern-European-southwest- ern-Asian species, a character species of the alliance Carpinion orientalis (Aeschimann et al. 2004a: 224). It is relatively common in the western, southern and eastern parts of Slovenia, but very rare in the Alpine phytogeographical region (Figure 1, Kotar 1999). It frequently occurs accompanied by other oaks (Q. pe- traea, Q. pubescens), with European hop hornbeam and oriental hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia, Carpinus orientalis), flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), in places even beech (Fagus sylvatica), common hornbeam (Car- pinus betulus) and other deciduous trees, usually on sunny slopes of the hilly and submontane belts, rarely also in the lower montane belt up to the elevation of around 1000 m, on limestone, marl and flysch bed- rock, on relatively deep and fertile soil. It is a heliophil- ous and pioneer tree species that establishes itself on former meadows and pastures, degraded forest areas, forest clearings and in large stand gaps. Turkey oak naturally occurs in sessile oak, pubescent oak and (or) oriental hornbeam communities in the sub-Mediterra- nean phytogeographical region and in the hilly, sub- montane and lower montane belts in the interior of the country (e.g. in the stands of associations Seslerio au- tumnalis-Ostryetum, Amelanchiero ovalis-Ostryetum, Aristolochio-Quercetum pubescentis, Seslerio autumna- lis-Quercetum petraeae, Seslerio autumnalis-Querce- tum pubescentis, Querco-Carpinetum orientalis, Quer- co pubescenti-Ostryetum carpinifoliae, Serratulo tincto- riae-Quercetum petraeae, syn. Lathyro nigri-Querce- tum petraeae, Melampyro vulgati-Quercetum petraeae), occasionally even in common hornbeam and beech communities (such as Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Carpine- tum betuli, Asaro-Carpinetum betuli, Asperulo-Carpi- netum betuli, Castaneo-Fagetum sylvaticae, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum, Lamio orvalae-Fagetum), in noble hardwood commu- nities (Veratro nigri-Fraxinetum, Saxifrago petraeae-Ti- lietum, Paeonio officinalis-Tilietum), in pioneer black alder stands (Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae) – 1 INTRODUCTION Figure 1: Distribution of Quercus cerris in Slovenia according to the FloVegSi database (T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seliškar 2003) Slika 1: Razširjenost cera (Quercus cerris) v Sloveniji, po podatkih v bazi FloVegSi (T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seliškar 2003) DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 7FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 source FloVegSi database, T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seli- škar (2003) and Zupančič (1999). Its pioneer stands on submontane beech community sites from the asso- ciation Hacquetio-Fagetum in the Notranjska region are described as the association Hacquetio-Quercetum cerridis (Marinček & Šilc 1999). The association Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis (Vukelić 2012, Stu- par et al. 2015, 2016) occurs in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina alongside the association Quercetum frai- netto-cerridis, which is a zonal community that occurs in an extensive part of the Balkan Peninsula in the transitional belt between forests and steppes and is not comparable with stands from Slovenia. A Quercus cer- ris community was described also in Hungary, namely as the association Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerri- dis (Kevey 2007). Quercetum cerridis stands in Austria are classified mainly in the association Chamaecytiso supini-Quercetum cerridis Starlinger 2007, whose au- thor (Starlinger 2007a,b) characterises it as a sub-Il- lyrian acidophilus Turkey oak forest. Its stands are dis- tributed in the hilly and submontane belt of the east- ern part of the country, mainly on levelled terrain and gentle slopes, on silicate or mixed calcareous-silicate bedrock. Turkey oak and sessile oak are equally repre- sented in the tree layer of these stands, in places occur- ring alongside Quercus robur and Pinus sylvestris. Fre- quent shrub layer species are Ligustrum vulgare, Crata- egus monogyna, Cornus sanguinea, Rosa spp., Rubus spp. Frequent and diagnostic species of the herb layer are Serratula tinctoria, Clinopodium vulgare, Poa ne- moralis, Convallaria majalis, Chamaecytisus supinus, Betonica officinalis, Lathyrus niger and Tanacetum co- rymbosum. In terms of entire species composition and ecological conditions these Turkey oak-sessile oak stands are not very similar to the studied Turkey oak stands from western and southwestern Slovenia. Pi- gnatti (1998) classifies the sub-Mediterranean Turkey oak woods from central Italy mainly into the associa- tion Rubio-Quercetum cerridis (E. et S. Pignatti 1968) Bas Pedroli et al. 1988. Despite certain similarities with the stands from western and southwestern Slove- nia in terms of ecological conditions (elevations be- tween 200 and 600 m, geological bedrock composed of flysch, marlstone, even limestone) they occur in much warmer and drier, almost Mediterranean climate. As Quercus cerris overgrows large areas in Istria, Brkini, the Karst, Goriška Brda and even the Central Soča Valley, we conducted a phytosociological study into its stands, arranged their relevés into a table and tried to classify them into a syntaxonomical system. 2 METHODS Phytosociological relevés of Quercus cerris stands were made applying the standard Central-European meth- od (Braun-Blanquet 1964). We made a total of 35 relevés and entered them into the FloVegSi database (T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seliškar 2003), which served as the basis for Figures 1 and 2. Combined cover-abun- dance values were transformed into numerical values 1– 9 (van der Maarel 1979). Numerical comparisons were made with the software package SYN-TAX (Po- dani 2001). Relevés were arranged into the analytic table (Table 1) based on hierarchical classification. We integrated the results of the (unweighted) pair group method with arithmetic mean “(Unweighted) average linkage” – UPGMA, where we applied Wishart’s simi- larity ratio. In the second step we made a synthetic table in which we arranged, in addition to the three forms of the studied community, also similar Quercus cerris stands from Italy, Hungary and Bosnia and Her- zegovina, and compared them applying hierarchical classification and the UPGMA method. Phytosocio- logical groups (= groups of diagnostic species) were formed on the basis of our own criteria, but with con- sideration of numerous authors. The nomenclature source for the names of vascular plants is Martinčič & al. 2007), Martinčič (2003, 2011) for the names of mosses, and Šilc & Čarni (2012) and Stupar et al. (2015, 2016) for the names of the syntaxa, except for the name of the alliance Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958 and class Querco-Fagetea Braun-Blanquet et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937. The research covered Quercus cerris stands in the Central Soča Valley, Goriška Brda, the Karst, Br- kini and Slovenian Istria (Figure 2). The predomi- nant geological bedrock is f lysch, in places admixed with limestone and (or) marlstone, rarely, in the Karst, pure limestone or, close to Most na Soči, lime- stone with an admixture of chert (Buser 2009). Eu- tric brown soils predominate, more rarely rendzina or Chromic Cambisols (Vidic et al. 2016). Ogrin (1996, 1999) classifies the climate where these stands are located as the sub-Mediterranean climate in the hinterlands, with the mean temperature of the cold- est month between 0 ºC and 4 ºC and the mean tem- perature of the warmest month between 20 ºC and 22 ºC; the average precipitation is between 1,200 mm (to the south) and 2,000 mm (to the north). Some DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 8 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 stands were recorded also in the area of the sub- Mediterranean climate, with the mean temperature of the coldest month higher than 4 ºC and the mean temperature of the warmest month higher than 22 ºC. The average precipitation is between 1,000 and 1,200 mm. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 2: Localities of researched Quercus cerris-dominated stands in Slovenia Slika 2: Nahajališča popisanih sestojev s prevladujočim cerom (Quercus cerris) v Sloveniji Based on their floristic similarity, 35 phytosociological relevés of Quercus cerris stands from western and southwestern Slovenia (Figure 2) on flysch and mixed flysch-limestone geological bedrock formed three groups, with two relevés standing out as completely different (Figure 3). The species composition of these three groups of relevés was compared to the species composition of Quercus cerris communities from the interior of Slovenia, from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy and Hungary. The resulting synthetic table (Ap- pendix 1) comprised seven syntaxa (Figure 4). They were compared by means of hierarchical classification with consideration of only one stand layer for each species. The compared syntaxa were an- alysed also in terms of the composition of diagnostic species (phytosociological groups) – Table 2. The re- sults (Figure 4, Table 2) demonstrated that Quercus cerris communities from western and southwestern Slovenia group separately from other communities compared. The greatest similarity and the largest number of shared species was determined for the stands of the association Daphno laureolae-Quercetum cerridis (from the central Italy) which, however, com- prise significantly more character species of the class Quercetea ilicis and significantly fewer species of the order Fagetalia sylvaticae (Table 2, column 4). Stands of the association Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis from Bosnia and Herzegovina comprise fewer charac- DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 9FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 ter species of the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, but many more species of the class Festuco-Brometea (Table 2, column 5). The studied stands have several species in common also with the stands of the associa- tions Hacquetio-Quercetum cerridis (from Notranjska, Slovenia) and Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis (from Hungary), but these two syntaxa have a distinct- ly different composition in terms of groups of diagnos- tic species (Table 2, columns 6–7). In any case, the studied stands cannot be classified into any of the compared associations and are therefore classified into the new association Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis ass. nov. hoc loco (syn. Paeonio officinalis- -Quercetum cerris Dakskobler in Milošević Štukl 2012 nom. prov., Rusco aculeati-Quercetum cerridis Daks- kobler et Sadar in Čarni et al. 2016 nom. prov. – Milo- šević Štukl (2012), Čarni et al. (2016). Its diagnostic species are Quercus cerris as the dominant species of the tree layer, Ruscus aculeatus (which occurs also in the stands of associations Daph- no laureolae-Quercetum cerridis and Paeonio banati- cae-Quercetum cerridis) and Sesleria autumnalis (which occurs also in the stands of the association Fraxino or- ni-Quercetum cerridis). Phytogeographical differential species of the new association are the taxa Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus (syn. Helleborus odorus subsp. istriacus) and Lamium orvala. The nomencla- ture type, holotypus, of the new association is relevé 10 in Table 1. Based on the analysis of diagnostic species (Table 2, columns 1–3) we classify the new association into the alliance Carpinion orientalis, order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae and class Querco-Fagetea. We distinguish three subassociations. The stands of the subassociation -asparagetosum acutifolii (its no- menclature type, holotypus, is the same as the nomen- clature type of the new association, relevé 10 in Table 1), are distributed mainly in Istria (with only one rel- evé from the Central Soča Valley), at the elevations between 45 and 300 m, more frequently on shady than on sunny aspects, on gentle to moderately steep slopes. The geological bedrock is f lysch, in places ad- mixed with limestone; the soil is eutric, rarely rendzi- na. Turkey oak in these stands rejuvenates success- fully and keeps for several generations. It is not easily discernible what the original structure of these Istrian woods was and what their edifying tree species used Figure 3: Dendrogram of relevés with dominant Quercus cerris from western and southwestern Slovenia (UPGMA, 1– simila rity ratio) Slika 3: Dendrogram cerovih sestojev iz zahodne in jugozahodne Slovenije (UPGMA, komplement Wishartovega koeficienta podobnosti) Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis D iss im ila rit y 0,75 0,70 0,65 0,60 0,55 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0 1 2 3 13 21 22 26 27 15 18 25 28 29 10 17 9 14 16 19 20 23 24 4 5 6 34 35 7 8 32 11 30 31 33 12 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 10 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 to be. It is possible that other oaks and especially ori- ental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) were better rep- resented in them, even though the latter, similarly as Turkey oak, occurs in Slovenian Istria primarily as a pioneer tree species. At present, individual trees of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens), sessile oak (Q. pe- traea) and hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), rarely service tree (Sorbus domestica) and common horn- beam (Carpinus betulus) occur in the upper tree layer, while oriental hornbeam, wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis), service tree and flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus) frequently occur in the lower tree layer, rarely also hop hornbeam and common hornbeam. Frequent in the lower shrub layer is Lonicera caprifolium, while Ruscus aculeatus completely dominates in this or in the herb layer, occasionally accompanied with Sesle- ria autumnalis. The differential species of the subas- sociation are Asparagus acutifolius, Helleborus multi- fidus subsp. istriacus (H. odorus subsp. istriacus) and Carpinus orientalis. In any case, the stands of this subassociation are, at least in Slovenia, the most au- thentic image of Quercus cerris woods and it is very unlikely for Quercus cerris to be naturally replaced (superseded) here by any other tree species, so it would be reasonable to promote it also through forest management practice. The stands of the subassociation -hieracietosum sabaudi were also found in Istria, although at slightly Figure 4: Dendrogram of syntaxa with dominant Quercus cerris from Slovenia, Central Italy, Hungary and Bosnia and Herze- govina (UPGMA, 1– similarity ratio) Slika 4: Dendrogram cerovih združb iz Slovenije, srednje Italije, Bosne in Hercegovine in Madžarske (UPGMA, komplement Wishartovega koeficienta podobnosti) SaQcty Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis asparagetosum acutifolii, this article, Table 1, relevés 1–15; SaQcac Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis campanuletosum rapunculoidis, this article, Table 1, relevés 22–33; SaQcluz Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis hieracietosum sabaudi, this article, Table 1, relevés 16–21; DlQc Dapno laureoli-Quercetum cerridis Tefftani et Biondi 1993 (inc. Quercus cerris and Carpinus orientalis comm.), Italy, Umbria (Catorci, Raponi & Orsomando 2013, Table 7) FsQc Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis Stefanović 1960, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Stupar et al. 2015, Table 4, column 2) HeQc Hacquetio epipactidis-Quercetum cerridis, Slovenia, Notranjska, Marinček & Šilc 1999 (Marinček & Šilc 1999: 71–75). PbQc Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis Kevey 2007, Mecsek, Hungary (Kevey 2007, Table 1) Quercetum cerridis D is si m ila rit y 0,75 0,70 0,65 0,60 0,55 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0 SaQcty SaQcac SaQcluz DlQc FoQc HeQc PbQc DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 11FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 higher elevations, at 55 to 400 m, on flysch and eutric brown soils with transitions to dystric brown soils, on gentle, mainly sunny slopes. The composition of the tree layer is similar as in the previously described sub- association, except that these stands very rarely com- prise hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia); also rare is oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), whereas ser- vice tree (Sorbus domestica) and sweet chestnut (Casta- nea sativa) occur more frequently. Ruscus aculeatus has considerably smaller medium coverage in the lower shrub layer or herb layer than in the stands of the previously described subassociation, which in most of the relevés is not the case for Sesleria autumnalis. The differential species of the subassociation are Hieracium sabaudum, Genista tinctoria, Knautia drymea subsp. tergestina and Castanea sativa, and the species with higher frequency include Serratula tinctoria, Betonica officinalis, Carex montana, Festuca heterophylla and Lathyrus niger. Composition by groups of diagnostic species with a comparatively higher proportion of spe- cies of the order Quercetalia roboris (Table 2, column 3) also indicates stands on slightly more acid soil. The nomenclyture type, holotypus, of the new subassocia- tion is relevé 21 in Table 1. These Turkey oak stands might be syndynamically connected, as a long-term degradation stage, with submontane beech stands from the associations Ornithogalo-Fagetum or Casta- neo-Fagetum sylvaticae, which have persisted in this area only on shady slopes. The stands of the subassociation -campanuleto- sum rapunculoidis were recorded in the hills of Goriška Brda, in the Central Soča Valley between Most na Soči and Solkan. One relevé was made in the Karst. The elevation of the relevés ranges from 130 to 600 m; the geological bedrock is mixed, limestone and flysch or limestone admixed with marlstone and chert; the soil is rendzina, Eutric or Chromic Cambisols. Moderate to very steep slopes on sunny and occasionally also shady aspects prevail. The most common in the tree layer, in addition to Turkey oak, is hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), in places also common horn- beam (Carpinus betulus), but we did not observe orien- tal hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) and service tree (Sorbus domestica). Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis) are also quite rare. Sesleria autumnalis dominates in the herb layer and Ruscus aculeatus occurs with individual speci- mens. The differential species of the subassociation are Campanula rapunculoides, Asparagus tenuifolius, Helleborus odorus, Sorbus aria, Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus, in part also several other species (Vinca minor, Cyclamen purpurascens, Anemone trifo- lia, Lamium orvala, Campanula persicifolia, Arabis turrita, Convallaria majalis). Distinctly higher than in previously listed subassociations is the proportion of diagnostic species of the alliance Tilio-Acerion and order Fagetalia sylvaticae (Table 2, column 2). The en- tire species composition implies a syndynamic con- nection with beech forests from the associations Orni- thogalo-Fagetum and Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum that occur in this area. The nomenclature type, holo- typus, of the subassociation -campanuletosum rapun- culoidis is relevé 24 in Table 1. At present, relevés 34 and 35 in Table 1 cannot be classified into any of the three listed subassociations, although they comprise some of the diagnostic species of the subassociation -campanuletosum rapunculoidis. With their entire species composition they slightly stand out, but are still treated within the association Seslerio autumna- lis-Quercetum cerridis. 4 CONCLUSIONS Quercus cerris is a relatively common tree species in Slovenia, especially in its hilly and submontane belts, in the southwestern and southeastern Slovenia, on warm sites with nutrient-rich soil. Most of its stands are pioneer, occurring on sessile oak, pubescent oak, hop hornbeam and oriental hornbeam and (or) beech sites. Nevertheless, these can be long-term stages where Quercus cerris rejuvenates itself and keeps for several generations. In the sub-Mediterranean part of Slovenia we therefore described a new association, Seslerio autu- mnalis-Quercetum cerridis (syn. Paeonio officinalis- -Quercetum cerris nom. prov., Rusco aculeati-Querce- tum cerridis nom. prov.), whose diagnostic species are Quercus cerris, Ruscus aculaetus, Sesleria autumnalis, and the taxa Heleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus (syn. H. odorus subsp. istriacus) and Lamium orvala are its geographical differential species. We distinguish a more thermophilous subassociation -asparagetosum acutifolii, which is distributed primarily in Istria, a more acidophilus subassociation -hieracietosum sabaudi and the subassociation on mixed, limestone- flysch (or marlstone) bedrock (in particular in the Central Soča Valley and partly in the Karst) -campanu- letosum rapunculoidis. As areas covered by sub-Medi- terranean Quercus cerris woods are not insignificant we propose they be treated as a special type, littoral DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 12 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Quercus cerris woods (41.7423), in the framework of the habitat typology (Jogan et al. 2004), and in the frame- work of typology of forest sites (Kutnar et al. 2012) as a new forest site in the group of thermophilous decidu- ous forests on calcareous and mixed bedrock: littoral Quercus cerris woods on flysch and limestone. Their current economic role is not significant as they are mainly used for firewood, but its sites are suitable also for growing quality wood of minority tree species, es- pecially Sorbus domestica and S. torminalis. They are also important as biotopes as they are sites of several protected plants (Anon. 2004): Ruscus aculeatus, R. hypoglossum, Helleborus odorus, Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus, Orchis purpurea, Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa, Erythronium dens-canis, Galanthus nivalis, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, Lilium martagon, L. bul- biferum, Iris graminea, Primula auricula, Neottia ni- dus-avis, Epipactis helleborine, Cephalanthera longifo- lia, Platanthera chlorantha, P. bifolia, Cyclamen purpu- rascens, Paeonia officinalis, Dianthus hyssopifolius, and several Red List species (Anon. 2002): Pyrus spinosa (Pyrus amygdaliformis), Melica picta, Veratrum nigrum. 5 POVZETEK 5.1 Uvod Cer (Quercus cerris) je jugovzhodnoevropska-jugoza- hodnoazijska vrsta, značilnica zveze Carpinion orien- talis (Aeschimann et al. 2004a: 224). V Sloveniji je cer razmeroma pogost v njenem zahodnem, južnem in vzhodnem delu, zelo redek je le v alpskem fitogeograf- skem območju (slika 1, Kotar 1999). Pogosto raste družno z ostalimi hrasti (Q. petraea, Q. pubescens), črnim in kraškim gabrom (Ostrya carpinifolia, Carpi- nus orientalis), malim jesenom (Fraxinus ornus), pone- kod tudi z bukvijo (Fagus sylvatica), belim gabrom (Carpinus betulus) in drugimi listavci, navadno na prisojnih pobočjih gričevnega in podgorskega, redkeje tudi spodnjega gorskega pasu do nadmorske višine okoli 1000 m, na apnenčasti, lapornati in flišni podlagi, na razmeroma globokih in rodovitnih tleh. Je svetloljubna in pionirska drevesna vrsta, ki se uveljavi na nekdanjih pašnikih, na degradiranih gozdnih površinah, posekah in v večjih sestojnih odprtinah. Cer je naravno primešan v združbah gradna, puhaste- ga hrasta in (ali) kraškega gabra v submediteranskem fitogeografskem območju in v gričevnem, podgorskem in spodnjem gorskem pasu v notranjosti države (na primer v sestojih asociacij Seslerio autumnalis-Ostrye- tum, Amelanchiero ovalis-Ostryetum, Aristolochio- -Quercetum pubescentis, Seslerio autumnalis-Querce- tum petraeae, Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum pube- scentis, Querco-Carpinetum orientalis, Querco pube- scenti-Ostryetum carpinifoliae, Serratulo tinctoriae- -Quercetum petraeae, sin. Lathyro nigri-Quercetum petraeae, Melampyro vulgati-Quercetum petraeae), ponekod tudi v nekaterih bukovih in belogabrovih združbah (na primer Castaneo-Fagetum sylvaticae, Se- slerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fage- tum, Lamio orvalae-Fagetum, Ornithogalo pyrenaici- -Carpinetum betuli, Asaro-Carpinetum betuli, Asperulo- -Carpinetum betuli), v združbah plemenitih listavcev (Veratro nigri-Fraxinetum, Saxifrago petraeae-Tilietum, Paeonio officinalis-Tilietum), v pionirskih logih črne jelše (Lamio orvalae-Alnetum glutinosae) – vir podatk- ovna baza FloVegSi, T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seliškar (2003) in Zupančič (1999). Kot asociacija Hacquetio- -Quercetum cerridis so opisani njegovi pionirski ses- toji na rastiščih podgorskega bukovja iz asociacije Ha- cquetio-Fagetum na Notranjskem (Marinček & Šilc 1999). Na Hrvaškem in v Bosni in Hercegovini poleg asociacije Quercetum frainetto-cerridis, ki je conalna združba precejšnjega dela Balkanskega polotoka na prehodu med gozdom in stepo in sestoji iz Slovenije z njo niso primerljivi, poznajo tudi asociacijo Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis (Vukelić 2012, Stupar et al. 2015, 2016). Tudi na Madžarskem je opisana cerova združba, asociacija Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cer- ridis (Kevey 2007). V Avstriji cerove sestoje uvrščajo predvsem v asociacijo Chamaecytiso supini-Quercetum cerridis Starlinger 2007, ki jo njen avtor (Starlinger 2007a,b) označuje kot subilirski kisloljubni cerov gozd. Njegovi sestoji so razširjeni v gričevnem in podgor- skem pasu vzhodnega dela države, v glavnem na urav- navah in položnih pobočjih, na silikatni ali mešani karbonatno-silikatni podlagi. V drevesni plasti teh sestojev sta enakovredno zastopana cer in graden, ponekod rasteta tudi dob (Quercus robur) in rdeči bor (Pinus sylvestris). Pogoste vrste grmovne plasti so Ligu- strum vulgare, Crataegus monogyna, Cornus sanguinea, Rosa spp., Rubus spp. Pogoste in diagnostične vrste v zeliščni plasti so Serratula tinctoria, Clinopodium vul- gare, Poa nemoralis, Convallaria majalis, Chamaecyti- sus supinus, Betonica officinalis, Lathyrus niger in Ta- nacetum corymbosum. Po celotni vrstni sestavi in ekoloških razmerah je podobnost teh cerovo-grad- novih sestojev s preučenimi cerovimi sestoji iz zahodne in jugozahodne Slovenije majhna. Submediteranske DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 13FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 cerove gozdove iz srednje Italije Pignatti (1998) uvršča predvsem v asociacijo Rubio-Quercetum cerri- dis (E. et S. Pignattii 1968) Bas Pedroli et al. 1988. Kljub neka terim podobnostim v ekoloških razmerah s ses- toji iz zahodne in jugozahodne Slovenije (višinski pas uspevanja 200 m do 600 m, geološka podlaga fliš, laporovec, tudi apnenec) uspevajo v precej toplejšem in bolj suhem, skoraj mediteranskem podnebju. Ker cerovi sestoji ponekod v Istri, Brkinih, na Krasu, Goriških Brdih in tudi v Srednjem Posočju poraščajo precejšnje površine, smo jih fitocenološko preučili, popise uredili v preglednico in jih poskušali uvrstiti v sintaksonomski sistem. 5.2 Metode Fitocenološke popise cerovih sestojev smo naredili po srednjeevropski metodi (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Skupno smo naredili 35 popisov in jih vnesli v bazo FloVegSi (T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seliškar 2003). S pomočjo te podatkovne baze smo izdelali tudi sliki 1 in 2. Kombinirane ocene zastiranja in pogostnosti smo pretvorili v ordinalne vrednosti od 1 do 9 (van der Maarel 1979). Numerične primerjave smo opravili s programom SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001). Popise smo v analitsko preglednico (tabela 1) uredili na podlagi hierarhične klasifikacije. Upoštevali smo rezultate metode kopičenja na podlagi povezovanja (netehtanih) srednjih razdalj “(Unweighted) average linkage” – UPGMA, kjer smo uporabljali Wishartov koeficient podobnosti (similarity ratio). V drugem ko- raku smo izdelali sintezno tabelo, v katero smo poleg treh oblik preučevane združbe uvrstili še podobne cerove združbe iz Italije, Madžarske in Bosne in Her- cegovine in jih prav tako primerjali s hierarhično klasifikacijo in isto metodo, UPGMA. Fitocenološke skupine (= skupine diagnostičnih vrst) smo ob upoštevanju številnih avtorjev oblikovali po lastnih merilih. Nomenklaturni viri za imena praprotnic in semenk so Martinčič & al. (2007), za imena mahov Martinčič (2003, 2011), za imena sintaksonov pa Šilc & Čarni (2012) in Stupar et al. (2015, 2016), razen za ime zveze Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958 in razreda Querco-Fagetea Braun-Blanquet et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937. V raziskavo smo zajeli cerove sestoje v Posočju, Goriških Brdih, na Krasu, v Brkinih in Istri (slika 2). Prevladujoča geološka podlaga je fliš, ponekod s primesjo apnenca in (ali) laporovca, redkeje, na Krasu, čisti apneenc ali, v okolici Mosta na Soči, apnenec z rožencem (Buser 2009). Prevladujejo evtrična rjava tla, redkejša tipa sta rendzina ali rjava pokarbonatna tla (Vidic et al. 2016). Ogrin (1996, 1999) uvršča območja, kjer smo preučevali te sestoje, v submediter- ansko podnebje v zaledju, s srednjo temperature najhladnejšega meseca med 0 ºC in 4 ºC in srednjo temperature najtoplejšega meseca med 20 ºC in 22 ºC; povprečna letna višina padavin je med 1200 mm (na jugu) in 2000 mm (na severu). Nekaj sestojev smo pop- isali tudi v območju submediteranskega podnebja, ki ima povprečno temperature najhladnejšega meseca več kot 4 ºC in povprečno temperaturo najtoplejšega meseca več kot 22 ºC, povprečna letna višina padavin je med 1000 mm in 1200 mm. 5.3 Razultati in razprava 35 fitocenoloških popisov cerovih sestojev iz zahodne in jugozahodne Slovenije (slika 2) na flišnati in mešani flišnato-apnenčasti geološki podlagi se je po floristični podobnosti združevalo v tri skupine, dva popisa pa sta bila povsem drugačna od ostalih (slika 3). Vrstno ses- tavo teh treh skupin popisov smo primerjali z vrstno sestavo cerovih združb iz notranjosti Slovenije, iz Bosne in Hercegovine, Italije in Madžarske. Izdelali smo sintezno preglednico (Dodatek 1), v katero smo uvrstili naslednje sintaksone: SaQcty Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis aspara- getosum acutifolii, ta članek, preglednica 1, popisi 1–15; SaQcac Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis cam- panuletosum rapunculoidis, ta članek, preglednica 1, popisi 22–33; SaQcluz Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis hiera- cietosum sabaudi, ta članek, preglednica1, popisi 16–21; DlQc Dapno laureoli-Quercetum cerridis Tefftani et Bi- ondi 1993 (vključno Quercus cerris in Carpinus orientalis združba), Italija, Umbrija (Catorci, Ra- poni & Orsomando 2013, preglednica 7) FsQc Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis Stefanović 1960, Bosna in Hercegovina (Stupar et al. 2015, pregled- nica 4, stolpec 2) HeQc Hacquetio epipactidis-Quercetum cerridis, Slovenija, Notranjska, Marinček et Šilc 1999 (Ma- rinček & Šilc 1999: 71–75). PbQc Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis Kevey 2007, Mecsek, Madžarska (Kevey 2007, pregled- nica 1) Primerjali smo jih s hierrahično klasifikacijo in pri tem za vsako vrsto upoštevali samo eno sestojno plast. Primerjane sintaksone smo analizirali tudi po sestavi DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 14 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 diagnostičnih vrst (fitocenoloških skupinah) – preglednica 2. Rezultati (slika 4, preglednica 2), kažejo, da se cerove združbe iz zahodne in jugozahodne Slovenije združujejo ločeno od ostalih primerjanih združb. Največjo podobnost in največ skupnih vrste smo ugotovili s sestoji asocacije Daphno laureolae- -Quercetum cerridis iz srednje Italije, toda je v njih bistveno več vrst značilnic razreda Quercetea ilicis in precej manj vrst reda Fagetalia sylvaticae (preglednica 2, stolpec 4). Sestoji asociacije Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis iz Bosne in Hercegovine imajo primerjalno manj značilnic reda Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, precej več pa vrst razreda Festuco-Brometea (pregled- nica 2, stolpec 5). Nekatere skupne vrste imajo preučeni sestoji tudi s sestoji asociacij Hacquetio-Quercetum cerridis iz Notranjske in Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis iz Madžarske, vendar je v teh dveh sintaksonih bistveno drugačna sestava po skupinah diagnostičnih vrst (preglednica 2, stolpca 6–7). Vsekakor preučenih sestojev ne moremo uvrstiti v nobeno od primerjanih asociacij, zato jih uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis ass. nov. hoc loco. (sin. Paeonio officinalis-Quercetum cerris Dakskobler in Milošević Štukl 2012 nom. prov., Rusco aculeati-Quer- cetum cerridis Dakskobler et Sadar in Čarni et al. 2016 nom. prov. – Milošević Štukl (2012), Čarni et al. 2016). Njene diagnostične vrste so Quercus cerris kot dominantna vrsta drevesne plasti, Ruscus aculeatus (ta se sicer pojavlja tudi v sestojih asociacij Daphno laure- olae-Quercetum cerridis in Paeonio banaticae-Querce- tum cerridis) in Sesleria autumnalis (ki uspeva tudi v sestojih asociacije Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis). Fitogeografski razlikovalnici nove asociacije sta tak- sona Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus (sin. Helle- borus odorus subsp. istriacus) in Lamium orvala. No- menklaturni tip, holotypus, nove asociacije je popis št. 10 v preglednici 1. Novo asociacijo na podlagi analize diagnostičnih vrst (preglednica 2, stolpci 1–3) uvrščamo v zvezo Carpinion orientalis, red Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae in v razred Querco-Fagetea. Razlikujemo tri subasociacije. Sestoji subasociaci- je -asparagetosum acutifolii, njen nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, je isti kot nomenklaturni tip nove asociaci- je, popis št. 10 v preglednici 1, so razširjeni predvsem v Istri (le en popis je iz Srednjega Posočja), na nad- morski višini od 45 m do 300 m, pogosteje na osojnih kot na prisojnih legah, na položnih do zmerno strmih pobočjih. Geološka podlaga je f liš, le ponekod s primesjo apnenca, tla pa so evtrična, redkeje rendzi- na. Cer se v teh sestojih dobro pomlajuje in se ohranja več generacij. Kakšna je bila prvotna podoba in katera je bila nekoč nosilna drevesna vrsta v teh gozdovih v Istri, je težko sklepati. Morda so v njih imeli večji delež tudi drugi hrasti in predvsem kraški gaber (Car- pinus orientalis), čeprav je tudi ta v Slovenski Istri po- dobno kot cer predvsem pionirska drevesna vrsta. Zdaj sta v zgornji drevesni plasti posamično primešani puhasti hrast, graden in črni gaber, redkeje tudi skorš (Sorbus domestica) in beli gaber (Carpinus betulus), v spodnji drevesni plasti pa so pogosti kraški gaber, brek (Sorbus torminalis), skorš, mali jesen, redkeje črni in beli gaber. V spodnji grmovni plasti je pogost kovačnik (Lonicera caprifolium), v tej oz. v zeliščni plasti pa povsem prevladuje bodeča lobodika (Ruscus aculeatus), ponekod tudi jesenska vilovina (Sesleria autumnalis). Razlikovalnice subasociacije so Aspara- gus acutifolius, Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus (H. odorus subsp. istriacus) in Carpinus orientalis. Vs- ekakor so sestoji te subasociacije vsaj v Sloveniji na- jbolj verodstojna podoba cerovega gozda, kjer je ma- jhna verjetnost, da bi ga po naravni poti kmalu nado- mestila (izpodrinila) katera druga drevesna vrsta in ga je torej smiselno pospeševati tudi z načinom gosp- odarjenja. Sestoje subasociacije -hieracietosum sabaudi smo prav tako našli v Istri, a na nekoliko večji nadmorski višini, 75 m do 400 m, na flišu in evtričnih rjavih tleh s prehodi v distrična rjava tla, na položnih, v glavnem prisojnih pobočjih. Sestava drevesne plasti je podobna kot v prej opisani subasociaciji, s tem da je v teh sesto- jih zelo redek črni gaber, precej redkejši tudi kraški gaber, bolj pogosta pa sta skorš in pravi kostanj. Vrsta Ruscus aculeatus ima v spodnji grmovni oz. zeliščni plasti precej manjše srednje zastiranje kot v sestojih prej opisane subasociacje, to pa v večini popisov ne velja za vrsto Sesleria autumnalis. Razlikovalnice sub- asociacije so vrste Hieracium sabaudum, Genista tinc- toria, Knautia drymea subsp. tergestina in Castanea sativa, vrste z večjo pogostnostjo pa so tudi Serratula tinctoria, Betonica officinalis, Carex montana, Festuca heterophylla in Lathyrus niger. Na sestoje na nekoliko zakisanih tleh kaže tudi sestava po skupinah diagnostičnih vrst s primerjalno večjim deležem vrst reda Quercetalia roboris (preglednica 2, stolpec 3). No- menklaturni tip, holotypus, nove subasociacije je popis št. 21 v preglednici 1. Morda so ti cerovi sestoji sindi- namsko, kot dolgotrajen degradaciji stadij, povezani s podgorskim bukovjem iz asociacij Ornithogalo-Fage- tum ali Castaneo-Fagetum sylvaticae, ki je zdaj v tem območju ohranjeno le na osojnih pobočjih. Sestoje subasociacije -campanuletosum rapuncu- loidis smo popisali v Goriških Brdih, v Srednjem Posočju med Mostom na Soči in Solkanom, en popis je s Krasa. Nadmorska višina popisov je od 130 m do 600 m, geološka podlaga je mešana, apnenec in f liš ali DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 15FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 apnenec s primesjo laporovca in roženca, tla so rendzina, evtrična ali rjava pokarbonatna. Prevladu- jejo zmerno do zelo strma pobočja na prisojnih in ponekod tudi osjnih legah. V drevesni plasti je poleg cera najbolj pogost črni gaber, ponekod tudi beli gaber, nismo pa našli kraškega gabra in skorša, redkejša sta tudi graden (Quercus petraea) in brek. V zeliščni plasti je dominantna vrsta Sesleria autumna- lis, vrsta Ruscus aculeatus je primešana posamično. Razlikovalnice subasociacije so vrste Campanula ra- punculoides, Asparagus tenuifolius, Helleborus odorus, Sorbus aria, Tilia cordata in Acer pseudoplatanus, deloma še nekatere druge vrste (Vinca minor, Anemo- ne trifolia, Lamium orvala, Cyclamen purpurascens, Campanula persicifolia, Arabis turrita, Convallaria majalis). Očitno večji kot v prej naštetih subasociaci- jah je delež diagnostičnih vrst zveze Tilio-Acerion in reda Fagetalia sylvaticae (tabela 2, stolpec 2). Iz celotne vrstne sestave upravičeno sklepamo na sindinamsko povezavo s tukajšnjimi bukovimi gozdovi iz asociacij Ornithogalo-Fagetum in Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum. Nomenklaturni tip, holotypus, subasociacije -campa- nuletosum rapunculoidis je popis št. 24 v tabeli 1. Pop- isov 34 in 35 v tabeli 1 za zdaj ne moremo uvrstiti v nobeno od treh naštetih subasociacij, čeprav v njih uspevajo nekatere diagnostične vrste subasociacije -campanuletosum rapunculoidis. Po svoji celotni vrst- ni sestavi nekoliko odstopata, a ju za zdaj še vedno obravnavamo v okviru asociacije Seslerio autumnalis- -Quercetum cerridis. 5.4 Zaključki Cer je v Sloveniji razmeroma pogosta drevesna vrsta, predvsem v gričevnem in podgorskem pasu, v jugozahodni in jugovzhodni Sloveniji, na toplih rastiščih s hranljivimi tlemi. Večinoma so njegovi ses- toji pionirski, nastali na rastiščih gradna, puhastega hrasta, belega in kraškega gabra in (ali) bukve. Kljub temu so to lahko dolgotrajni stadiji, kjer se cer obnav- lja in ohranja več generacij. Zato smo v submediteran- skem delu Slovenije opisali novo asociacijo Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis (sin. Paeonio officina- lis-Quercetum cerris nom. prov., Rusco aculeati-Quer- cetum cerridis nom. prov.), katere diagnostične vrste so Quercus cerris, Ruscus aculaetus, Sesleria autumnalis, geografski razlikovalnici pa taksona Heleborus multifi- dus subsp. istriacus (sin. H. odorus subsp. istriacus) in Lamium orvala. Razlikujemo bolj toploljubno subaso- ciacijo -asparagetosum acutifolii, ki je razširjena pred- vsem v Istri, bolj kisloljubno subasociacijo -hieracieto- sum sabaudi in subasociacijo -campanuletosum rapun- culoidis na mešani, apnenčasti-flišni (lapornati podla- gi), predvsem v Srednjem Posočju, deloma tudi na Krasu. Ker površine submediternskega cerovja niso tako majhne, predlagamo, da jih v okviru habitatne tipologije (Jogan et al. 2004) obravnavamo kot pose- ben tip primorsko cerovje (41.7423), in v okviru tipologije gozdnih rastiščnih tipov (Kutnar et al. 2012) kot nov gozdni rastiščni tip v skupini toploljub- nih listnatih gozdov na karbonatnih in mešanih kamninah: primorsko cerovje na flišu in apnencu. Nji- hova gospodarska vloga za zdaj ni velika, saj v njih v glavnem pridobivajo drva, vendar so ta rastišča prim- erna tudi za vzgojo kakovostnega lesa manjšinjskih drevesnih vrst, še posebej skorša in breka (Sorbus do- mestica, S. torminalis). Imajo tudi biotopsko vlogo kot rastišča nekaterih zavarovanih rastlin (Anon. 2004): Ruscus aculeatus, R. hypoglossum, Helleborus odorus, Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus, Orchis purpurea, Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa, Erythronium dens-ca- nis, Galanthus nivalis, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, Li- lium martagon, L. bulbiferum, Iris graminea, Primula auricula, Neottia nidus-avis, Epipactis helleborine, Cephalanthera longifolia, Platanthera chlorantha, P. bifolia, Cyclamen purpurascens, Paeonia officinalis, Di- anthus hyssopifolius in nekaterih vrst iz rdečega sezna- ma (Anon. 2002): Pyrus spinosa (Pyrus amygdalifor- mis), Melica picta, Veratrum nigrum. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors owe special thanks to Prof. Dr. Jean-Paul Theurillat for his nomenclatural advices. Academician Dr. Mitja Zupančič helped us with valuable improve- ments and corrections. We also acknowledge the fi- nancial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0236). 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Dakskobler Figure 5: Stand of the association Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis in the Brkini Hills Slika 5: Sestoj asociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis v Brkinih DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 18 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Figure 6: Stand of the subassociation Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis asparagatosum acutifolii in Istria Slika 6: Sestoj subasociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis asparagatosum acutifolii v Istri DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 19FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Figure 7: Stand of the subassociation Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis hieracietosum sabaudi in Istria Slika 7: Sestoj subasociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis hieracietosum sabaudi v Istri DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 20 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Figure 8: Pioneer stand of the subassociation Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis campanuletosum rapunculoidis, the Central Soča Valley Slika 8: Pionirski sestoj subasociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis campanuletosum rapunculoidis v srednji Soški dolini DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 21FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Figure 9: Melica picta, a rare species in the pioneer stand of the subassociation Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis cam- panuletosum rapunculoidis, the Central Soča Valley Slika 9: Malica picta, redka vrsta v pionirskem sestoju subasociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis campanuletosum rapunculoidis v srednji Soški dolini DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 22 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Ta bl e 1 (P re gl ed ni ca 1 ): Se sl er io a ut um na lis -Q ue rc et um ce rr id is a ss . n ov . A ut ho rs o f t he r el ev és (A vt or ja p op is ov ): Ig or D ak sk ob le r, Zv on e Sa da r N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 D at ab as e nu m be r of r el ev é (D el ov - na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 241672 241673 259490 259499 259500 259507 259508 259492 259495 259506 259509 259510 254410 259494 247716 259491 259493 259496 259498 259501 259502 242357 242964 243103 264361 264362 246055 246056 261273 258360 261039 261234 263511 211278 259384 El ev at io n in m (N ad m or sk a vi ši na v m ) 24 52 50 22 02 30 23 01 40 12 5 18 5 18 0 14 0 75 90 45 18 02 70 75 75 35 04 05 40 03 70 38 1 18 04 35 59 5 57 54 60 37 5 13 0 32 02 00 27 04 45 35 06 30 A sp ec t ( Le ga ) NW NW SWW NNE NE N N SSW S NNW NWW NW NE SW S SSW SSW SE SE SE SE S SW NNW S NEE SW SW SEE NNE NE SW E E SSW Sl op e in d eg re es (N ag ib v s to pi nj ah ) 20 10 30 25 25 20 25 20 15 15 20 15 10 5 10 15 5 3 3 15 15 35 25 20 20 25 35 30 35 10 35 20 15 35 10 Pa re nt m at er ia l (M at ič na p od la ga ) FA F A F F F F F F L F A L FA FA F FA F F F F F F A L F L L A L A R A R A LR A A F A L A F A A L So il (T la ) R e R e R e Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu R e Eu R e R e R e C c Eu Eu Eu R e Eu St on in es s i n % (K am ni to st v % ) 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 5 5 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 30 60 5 10 5 10 15 20 5 10 40 0 C ov er in % (Z as ti ra nj e v % ): U pp er tr ee la ye r (Z go rn ja d re ve sn a pl as t) E3 b 80 80 70 80 80 70 80 80 80 80 80 90 70 70 80 80 70 80 90 80 90 70 70 70 90 80 70 80 70 80 70 70 80 70 75 Lo w er tr ee la ye r (S po dn ja d re ve sn a pl as t) E3 a . 80 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 10 30 30 20 5 20 10 10 10 10 10 30 20 10 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 10 30 . Sh ru b la ye r (G rm ov na p la st ) E2 40 40 30 80 30 10 30 60 60 60 80 90 70 30 30 40 40 60 30 40 10 40 50 50 20 30 20 30 30 20 30 30 20 30 20 H er b la ye r (Z el iš čn a pl as t) E1 80 80 50 0 90 75 30 40 30 20 30 30 30 30 20 90 90 80 90 70 60 70 50 70 40 80 80 80 70 80 80 90 80 70 10 0 M os s l ay er ( M ah ov na p la st ) E0 . . 5 30 5 . . . . . . 1 20 . 5 . . . . . . 5 5 5 30 5 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 20 . M ax im um d ia m et er o f t re es (N aj ve čj i p rs ni p re m er d re ve s) cm 40 40 45 45 45 40 40 50 50 40 40 40 35 60 40 40 35 40 35 40 40 40 35 40 40 40 30 30 30 40 45 30 40 30 45 M ax im um h ei gh t o f t re es (N aj ve čj a dr ev es na v iš in a) m 24 22 27 30 22 25 30 30 25 26 26 22 30 25 22 22 26 25 27 30 27 22 26 25 24 16 17 18 26 25 15 22 20 20 N um be r of s pe ci es (Š te vi lo v rs t) 41 36 44 41 33 38 37 33 27 34 29 31 45 28 45 46 42 27 38 33 45 54 66 67 50 53 42 61 57 29 52 43 62 78 57 R el ev é ar ea (V el ik os t p op is ne p lo sk ve ) m 2 20 02 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 0 40 0 20 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 40 04 00 20 02 00 20 0 40 04 00 20 04 00 40 04 00 D at e of ta ki ng r el ev é (D at um p op is a) 1/10/2012 1/10/2012 5/8/2015 5/26/2015 5/26/2015 4/29/2015 4/29/2015 5/8/2015 5/8/2015 4/29/2015 4/29/2015 4/29/2015 4/14/2014 5/8/2015 3/22/2013 5/8/2015 5/8/2015 5/8/2015 5/26/2015 5/26/2015 5/26/2015 3/1/2012 4/18/2002 4..5.2012 5/18/2016 5/18/2016 4/25/2012 4/25/2012 5/6/2016 9/16/2015 4/22/2016 4/29/2016 5/3/2016 5/10/2001 5/11/2015 Lo ca lit y (N ah aj al iš če ) Dragonja-Brič Dragonja-Brič Istra-Kamršnjik Istra-Bukovica-Vruja Istra-Bukovica-Vruja Istra-Korte-Čared Istre-Korte-Branski bošk Istra-Kamršnjik Istra-Jurinčiči Istra-Korte-Suje Istra-Sv. Peter-Bezjak Istra-Sv. Peter-Bezjak Istra-Sv. Peter-Bezjak Istra-Rokavci Ložice-Trebež Istra-Piševec Istra-Buže Istra-Koštabonske poljane Istra-Sirči-Gošča Istra-Malinska Istra-Malinska Plave-Zamedvejski potok Kožbanjšček Plave-Zamedvejski potok Vrtače-Boškar Vrtače-Boškar Moderj-Senica Moderj-Senica Podeslo-Kopovišče Volnik-Žekanc Plave-Strmec Plave-Na Vrhu Plave-Na Vrhu Škocjanske jame Šembije-Reber DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 23FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Q ua dr an t ( K va dr an t) 0548/1 0548/1 0548/2 0548/2 0548/2 0548/1 0548/1 0548/2 0548/2 0547/2 0548/1 0548/1 0548/1 0548/2 9947/2 0548/1 0548/1 0548/1 0549/1 0548/4 0548/4 9947/1 9947/3 9947/1 9947/2 9947/2 9848/2 9848/2 9848/3 0248/4 9947/4 9947/4 9947/4 0349/2 0351/3 C oo rd in at e G K Y (D -4 8) m 401531 401536 405903 406733 406677 395986 396264 405919 406079 395772 396456 396406 396264 406553 391575 397457 397437 401534 409790 407528 407489 390087 385915 390181 390615 390748 404211 404241 400075 406376 390393 390373 390628 421798 441337 C oo rd in at e G K X (D -4 8) m 5036292 5036276 5037352 5036521 5036580 5039511 5039037 5037022 5037002 5039434 5036670 5036433 5036622 5039976 5102591 5039899 5039923 5039671 5036126 5034044 5033893 5102402 5100476 5102426 5102795 5102841 5113429 5113187 5109827 5067876 5100208 5099638 5099822 5058466 5052296 D ia gn os ti c sp ec ie s of th e as so ci at io n (D ia gn os ti čn e vr st e as oc ia ci je ) Q P Q ue rc us c er ri s E3 b 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 3 5 35 10 0 Q P Q ue rc us c er ri s E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . + 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 6 17 Q P Q ue rc us c er ri s E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 6 Q P Q ue rc us c er ri s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Q P Q ue rc us c er ri s E1 + . 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 . . 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 . . 1 . + . . . 1 . . + . 1 23 66 C O Ru sc us a cu le at us E2 a 5 4 3 1 3 + 2 5 4 3 5 5 4 3 2 + + + . + + 1 2 1 + . + 1 2 + 1 + + . . 31 89 C O Se sl er ia a ut um na lis E1 3 2 3 5 4 4 1 . . 1 1 . + + + 3 2 4 3 . + 3 2 3 1 3 5 4 2 4 4 3 2 4 2 31 89 G eo gr ap hi ca l d if fe re nt ia l s pe ci es (G eo gr af sk e ra zl ik ov al ne v rs te ) C O H el le bo ru s m ul tif id us s ub sp . is tr ia cu s E1 + + 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 1 + . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 1 16 46 A F La m iu m o rv al a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 3 . + 3 + . + . . . . . . . 6 17 D if fe re nt ia l s pe ci es o f s ub as so ci at io ns (R az li ko va ln ic e su ba so ci ac ij) C O A sp ar ag us a cu tif ol iu s E2 a 2 2 1 + + + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 46 C O C ar pi nu s o ri en ta lis E3 a . + . . . + . + 2 + + . 2 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 9 26 C O C ar pi nu s o ri en ta lis E2 b . . . . . + . 1 1 + 2 1 1 1 . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 10 29 C O C ar pi nu s o ri en ta lis E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 C O C ar pi nu s o ri en ta lis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Q R H ie ra ci um sa ba ud um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 17 FB G en is ta ti nc to ri a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 6 17 C O K na ut ia d ry m ei a su bs p. te rg es tin a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 Q R C as ta ne a sa tiv a E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . 3 9 Q R C as ta ne a sa tiv a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Q R C as ta ne a sa tiv a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 Q R C as ta ne a sa tiv a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Q R C as ta ne a sa tiv a E1 . . . . r . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 T G C am pa nu la ra pu nc ul oi de s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 + + 2 2 . . 1 + + + 1 11 31 Q P A sp ar ag us te nu ifo liu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 1 + 1 + . + . . + 1 + . 10 29 EC H el le bo ru s o do ru s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 1 + + 1 + . 1 + . . . 9 26 Q P So rb us a ri a E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . + . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Q P So rb us a ri a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . 2 6 Q P So rb us a ri a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . + . . . + 5 14 Q P So rb us a ri a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r 1 3 TA A ce r p se ud op la ta nu s E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 . . . . . . . . . 3 9 TA A ce r p se ud op la ta nu s E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 . . . . . . . . . 2 6 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 24 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 TA A ce r p se ud op la ta nu s E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 2 1 . . . . . . 1 . . 5 14 TA A ce r p se ud op la ta nu s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + 2 2 . . . . . . . . . 4 11 TA A ce r p se ud op la ta nu s E1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + 1 1 1 1 . . . . + 1 1 . . 10 29 TA Ti lia c or da ta E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . . . . . 4 11 TA Ti lia c or da ta E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . + . + . . . . + . 5 14 TA Ti lia c or da ta E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . + . . . 1 . . 5 14 TA Ti lia c or da ta E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + . . . . . + . 5 14 TA Ti lia c or da ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 3 C O C ar pi ni on o ri en ta lis A ri st ol oc hi a lu te a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . . . 1 2 . . 4 11 A ru m it al ic um E1 . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Ru bi a pe re gr in a E1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C or on ill a em er us s ub sp . e m er oi de s E2 a + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 6 M er cu ri al is o va ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . 2 6 O sy ri s a lb a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ro sa se m pe rv ir en s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 A ce r m on sp es su la nu m E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 A ce r m on sp es su la nu m E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 A ce r m on sp es su la nu m E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 A ce r m on sp es su la nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Fr an gu la r up es tr is E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Q P Q ue rc et al ia p ub es ce nt i- pe tr ae ae Fr ax in us o rn us E3 1 1 2 1 1 . 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 . + . + 1 . . 1 2 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 2 2 1 + . 29 83 Fr ax in us o rn us E2 b 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 . 1 1 . 1 2 + 2 2 2 2 + + + 1 . 1 2 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 1 . 28 80 Fr ax in us o rn us E2 a 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 + . 1 . . + 1 1 2 2 2 2 + . . 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 . 1 . 27 77 Fr ax in us o rn us E1 . 1 . 1 1 1 . . 1 1 1 + + 1 . 1 . . . + . + + 1 + 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . . 23 66 M el it ti s m el is so ph yl lu m E1 + + 1 + + + + 1 + + + . . . . 1 1 1 . + + + + + + 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 + + 1 29 83 C or nu s m as E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 6 C or nu s m as E2 b 1 1 1 1 2 + 2 2 1 2 . 1 . . 1 . . . . + . 3 2 2 1 + + + 1 1 1 + + + . 26 74 C or nu s m as E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 O st ry a ca rp in ifo lia E3 b + . . + . + + . . . . + + . + . . . . . . 2 1 . + 2 1 1 1 . . 1 3 1 . 17 49 O st ry a ca rp in ifo lia E3 a r + + 1 1 1 + . . + + + + . + . . r . . . + + 1 . + 1 1 + 1 + + . 1 . 24 69 O st ry a ca rp in ifo lia E2 b . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . 3 9 Ta m us c om m un is E1 2 . 1 + + + + + + + + 1 1 + . + . . . + + 1 2 2 1 + . + . . 1 . . . . 23 66 So rb us to rm in al is E3 b 1 + . . . + + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 So rb us to rm in al is E3 a 1 2 1 + + 2 2 + . + 2 + + + . . . 1 2 . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 49 So rb us to rm in al is E2 b . + + + + . + . . . 1 . . . . 1 1 2 1 + + . r . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 37 So rb us to rm in al is E2 a . . . + . 1 . . . + 1 + . . . 1 + . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 26 So rb us to rm in al is E1 . . + + + 1 + . . . + . . . . + 1 + . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 12 34 C ar ex fl ac ca E1 1 + . . . 1 + + . + + . . . . 1 2 + 2 2 + . . . . . . . . . + 2 + . + 17 49 La th yr us n ig er E1 . . + + . + + . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 + 1 + . . + 1 . . + . + . + . . 16 46 Q ue rc us p ub es ce ns E3 b + + . . . 1 1 . . 1 . + . . + . . + . . . . . . . + 1 1 r + + . . . . 14 40 Q ue rc us p ub es ce ns E3 a . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . r . . . . + . . . . . . . 5 14 Q ue rc us p ub es ce ns E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 25FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Q ue rc us p ub es ce ns E1 + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . 5 14 Ta na ce tu m c or ym bo su m E1 . + + + + + + . . + . . . . . 1 . . . . . . r + . . . . . . 1 . + + + 14 40 So rb us d om es tic a E3 b . . . . + 1 + . . r r . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 17 So rb us d om es tic a E3 a 1 + + + . + + . . . . . . . . + . + + 1 . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 31 So rb us d om es tic a E2 b . + . . + . . r . . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 17 So rb us d om es tic a E2 a . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 17 So rb us d om es tic a E1 . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 Bu gl os so id es p ur pu ro ca er ul ea E1 + . + . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . 6 17 C ot in us c og gy gr ia E3 a . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C ot in us c og gy gr ia E2 1 + . . . + . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 6 17 V io la a lb a su bs p. sc ot op hy lla E1 + + . . . . + . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 17 A ra bi s t ur ri ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + + . . . . + . 4 11 C am pa nu la p er si ci fo lia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . + . 4 11 C on va lla ri a m aj al is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . 1 2 . + 4 11 Eu on ym us v er ru co sa E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . + . 4 11 Be to ni ca se ro tin a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . 3 9 C al am in th a sy lv at ic a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . + . . . . . . . 3 9 La th yr us v en et us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 2 6 Po te nt ill a al ba E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 6 H yp er ic um m on ta nu m E1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 O rc hi s p ur pu re a E1 . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 O rc hi s m as cu la s ub sp . s pe ci os a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Py ru s s pi no sa E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Py ru s s pi no sa E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 So rb us g ra ec a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C ni di um si la ifo liu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 3 M el ic a pi ct a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 H ie ro ch lo ë au st ra lis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Q R Q ue rc et al ia ro bo ri s- pe tr ae ae Se rr at ul a tin ct or ia E1 . + + + . + . . . . . . . + . 2 2 + 2 . . . 1 1 . 1 . + + . 1 1 + . + 18 51 Q ue rc us p et ra ea E3 b . + 1 . . . + . . . . . + 1 . r + . + . . . 1 + + + . . . . . . . . . 12 34 Q ue rc us p et ra ea E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Q ue rc us p et ra ea E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 6 Q ue rc us p et ra ea E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Q ue rc us p et ra ea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . + . . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 Be to ni ca o ff ic in al is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 + . + + . + + + . . . . 1 . 1 10 29 H ie ra ci um ra ce m os um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + + . + + . . . . . + . . . + + 9 26 C U Fe st uc a ov in a ag g. E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 9 Pt er id iu m a qu ili nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C U G en is ta g er m an ic a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C U Po te nt ill a er ec ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C U H ie ra ci um v ul ga tu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C U G en is ta p ilo sa E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ru bu s h ir tu s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 26 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 C U H yp oc ho er is ra di ca ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Fr an gu la a ln us E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Le m bo tr op is n ig ri ca ns E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C U C ar ex p al le sc en s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C U C ha m ae sp ar tiu m sa gi tt al e E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 EC Er yt hr on io -C ar pi ni on EC Lo ni ce ra c ap ri fo liu m E2 a 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 + 1 + + 1 . 1 1 2 2 1 1 . 2 . . . . . . + . . . . . 22 63 Pr im ul a vu lg ar is E1 . . r + . + + . + + . . 1 . 1 . . . . + . + + + 1 + . + + . + . 1 . . 18 51 C ro cu s v er nu s s ub sp . v er nu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . + . 1 . . . . . . 1 . . 4 11 Er yt hr on iu m d en s- ca ni s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . 3 9 O rn ith og al um p yr en ai cu m E1 . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 G al an th us n iv al is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . 2 6 A F A re m on io -F ag io n C yc la m en p ur pu ra sc en s E1 . . . + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . + + . 1 . 9 26 A ne m on e tr ifo lia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 2 . + . . 1 . . . . 4 11 D ap hn e la ur eo la E2 a . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 6 Ru sc us h yp og lo ss um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . r . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 H ac qu et ia e pi pa ct is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 H em er oc al lis li lio -a sp ho de lu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C ar da m in e en ne ap hy llo s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ep im ed iu m a lp in um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 3 Eu ph or bi a ca rn io lic a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 TA Ti lio -A ce ri on A ce r p la ta no id es E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 A ce r p la ta no id es E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + + . . 3 9 Ju gl an s r eg ia E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ju gl an s r eg ia E2 a . . . . . + r . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . 5 14 A ru m m ac ul at um E1 . . . . . . . 1 + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 Ti lia p la ty ph yl lo s E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . + + . 3 9 Ti lia p la ty ph yl lo s E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . 2 6 Ti lia p la ty ph yl lo s E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . 2 6 Ti lia p la ty ph yl lo s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Ph yl lit is sc ol op en dr iu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . r . 3 9 U lm us g la br a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 U lm us g la br a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 U lm us g la br a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 6 U lm us g la br a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . 2 6 Po ly st ic hu m a cu le at um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + r . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 St ap hy le a pi nn at a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . 2 6 St ap hy le a pi nn at a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . 2 6 G er an iu m ro be rt ia nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 D ry op te ri s a ff in is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 3 FS Fa ge ta lia sy lv at ic ae Br ac hy po di um sy lv at ic um E1 . . + . + . . 1 . . . . + + r . . . . 1 + + + + . + . + + . . . . . . 14 40 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 27FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Sy m ph yt um tu be ro su m E1 + + + . + . . . . . . + + . . + . . . . . 1 + + 1 + . . . . . 1 . . . 13 37 Eu ph or bi a am yg da lo id es E1 + + + 1 1 + + 1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 11 31 G al iu m la ev ig at um E1 . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + + . . . + + . + . + . . 10 29 C ar pi nu s b et ul us E3 b . . . . . . . . + + . r . + . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . 6 17 C ar pi nu s b et ul us E3 a . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . . + . 1 . + . . + + . . . . + . . 9 26 C ar pi nu s b et ul us E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C ar pi nu s b et ul us E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 C ar pi nu s b et ul us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 3 Eu ph or bi a du lc is E1 . . . + . . 1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + + . . . + + . . 1 . + . 9 26 C ar ex sy lv at ic a E1 . . . . + . . + + + . + + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 23 M er cu ri al is p er en ni s E1 . . . . . . . . . + . 1 + . + . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . + . 1 . . 8 23 Sa lv ia g lu tin os a E1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + . . . + . 1 + . 8 23 Pr un us a vi um E3 a . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . r + + r + . . . . . . . 7 20 Pu lm on ar ia o ff ic in al is E1 . . . + . . . . . . . . + . 1 . . . . . . 1 + 1 . . . . + . . . . . . 7 20 A sa ru m e ur op ae um su bs p. ca uc as ic um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 1 . + + . . . . 1 . . 6 17 D ap hn e m ez er eu m E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . + + + . . . . . . + . . 6 17 La th yr us v er nu s E1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . 1 . . . . 6 17 Pr un us a vi um E3 b . . . . r . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 . . . . . 4 11 Pr un us a vi um E2 b . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + . . . . . + . . . . . 6 17 Pr un us a vi um E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . 3 9 Pr un us a vi um E1 . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + 4 11 Fa gu s s yl va tic a E3 b . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . r . 1 . . 5 14 Fa gu s s yl va tic a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Fa gu s s yl va tic a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + r . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Fa gu s s yl va tic a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 V io la re ic he nb ac hi an a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . 5 14 M el ic a nu ta ns E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . + . + . 4 11 G al eo bd ol on fl av id um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 Li liu m m ar ta go n E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . + . . . . + . . . 3 9 M yc el is m ur al is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + . . . . . . 3 9 Po ly go na tu m m ul tif lo ru m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . + . . . . . . + . . 3 9 Se ne ci o ov at us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . + . . 3 9 Sa m bu cu s n ig ra E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C ra da m in e bu lb ife ra E1 . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 6 Fr ax in us e xc el si or E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 . . 2 6 Fr ax in us e xc el si or E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Sa ni cu la e ur op ae a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 H er ac le um sp ho nd yl iu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 N eo tt ia n id us -a vi s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 2 6 A lli um u rs in um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 G al eo bd ol on m on ta nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C ir ca ea lu te tia na E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 La bu rn um a lp in um E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 28 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Pr en an th es p ur pu re a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 C am pa nu la tr ac he liu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Ep ip ac ti s h el le bo ri ne E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . 1 3 Q F Q ue rc o- Fa ge te a H ed er a he lix E3 a + + . + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 2 . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + . + . . 25 71 H ed er a he lix E1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 + 1 . . . . . 1 . 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . + 1 . 25 71 C ar ex d ig ita ta E1 + . . + + + + . . + . + 1 . + . . . . . . + + . . . . + + . + + + + . 17 49 C ar ex m on ta na E1 . . 1 . . + . . . . . . + + . 1 + 1 3 1 1 . + . . + + 1 . . + . 2 . 1 17 49 A ce r c am pe st re E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . + . 5 14 A ce r c am pe st re E3 a . . 1 . . . + + + + + 1 . . + . . . . . . + 1 + + + + . . + . . . + . 16 46 A ce r c am pe st re E2 b . + + . . . . + . + + . . . . + . . . . . 1 + + + . . + . . . + . + . 13 37 A ce r c am pe st re E2 a . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . 1 + 1 + + + . . . + + . . 11 31 A ce r c am pe st re E1 + . . . + . + . + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . + . + . + . . . . . . . 10 29 C ra ta eg us la ev ig at a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 C ra ta eg us la ev ig at a E2 b + + + 1 1 1 . 1 1 + + 1 . . . . . . . + . 2 + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 43 C ra ta eg us la ev ig at a E2 a + . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 C ra ta eg us la ev ig at a E1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ro sa a rv en si s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + . . . . . 1 11 31 Fe st uc a he te ro ph yl la E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . 1 + 1 . . . + + . + . . . . . + 1 10 29 Py ru s p yr as te r E3 a . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Py ru s p yr as te r E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . + . . . . . . . . + 4 11 Py ru s p yr as te r E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . + . + + + . + . + . . + . . . 9 26 Py ru s p yr as te r E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C le m at is v ita lb a E3 a + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 C le m at is v ita lb a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C le m at is v ita lb a E2 a . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . 1 + + . + . . . . + . 8 23 C le m at is v ita lb a E1 . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C or yl us a ve lla na E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . . . . + . . . + 1 + . . . 1 . . . . 1 8 23 C or yl us a ve lla na E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . + . + . + . . . . . . . . . 1 5 14 C ep ha la nt he ra lo ng ifo lia E1 . . + . . + + . . . + . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 7 20 H ep at ic a no bi lis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . + . 1 . + . . 1 . 6 17 V er at ru m n ig ru m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . + 1 1 + . 6 17 V io la r iv in ia na E1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + 6 17 A ne m on e ne m or os a E1 . . . . . . + . . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 . . 5 14 Pl at an th er a ch lo ra nt ha E1 . . + . . + + . . . + . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 V in ca m in or E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . . + 1 1 . . . . . . 5 14 C ru ci at a gl ab ra E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . 1 . + 4 11 Li st er a ov at a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . + . . + 4 11 U lm us m in or E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 3 U lm us m in or E3 a . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 2 6 U lm us m in or E2 b . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 U lm us m in or E2 a . . + . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 U lm us m in or E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 3 M al us sy lv es tr is E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + . . . . . . . . . 3 9 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 29FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 M al us sy lv es tr is E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 M al us sy lv es tr is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 M el ic a un if lo ra E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . 1 . . . . + . 3 9 Pl at an th er a bi fo lia E1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 9 D ac ty lis p ol yg am a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Sc ill a bi fo lia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 A eg op od iu m p od ag ra ri a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Lo ni ce ra x yl os te um E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 3 Eu ph or bi a an gu la ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 R P R ha m no -P ru ne te a Li gu st ru m v ul ga re E2 b . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 . . . 5 14 Li gu st ru m v ul ga re E2 a 1 1 + 1 + . . + + + 1 + + + + + + 1 + 3 1 . + + . . . + . 1 . 2 . . . 24 69 Li gu st ru m v ul ga re E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C ra ta eg us m on og yn a E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C ra ta eg us m on og yn a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . 5 14 C ra ta eg us m on og yn a E2 b + . . . . + . . + + 1 . 1 . + + . + . + + . + . . 1 + + + + . . 1 + 1 20 57 C ra ta eg us m on og yn a E2 a + . . + . + . + . + . . . + 1 . . + + + + + . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . 14 40 Ru bu s u lm ifo liu s E2 1 1 + . + . + + . . + . . . . + . . . 1 1 . . . + + . . . . + . 1 . . 14 40 Pr un us sp in os a E2 b . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Pr un us sp in os a E2 a + + + . . . . . . + . . . . . + + . . . 1 . + . . . . . . + . . . + 1 11 31 C or nu s s an gu in ea E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C or nu s s an gu in ea E2 b + + . . . . . . . . 2 + 2 . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 9 26 C or nu s s an gu in ea E2 a + . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . + + 7 20 Ju ni pe ru s c om m un is E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 3 Ju ni pe ru s c om m un is E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 5 14 Ju ni pe ru s c om m un is E2 a . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . + + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 17 Ru bu s f ru tic os us a gg . E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 1 1 . . 2 . . . . . . + . 6 17 Eu on ym us e ur op ae a E2 a . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . + + 6 17 V ib ur nu m la nt an a E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + . . . 3 9 Pr un us in si tit ia E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 M es pi lu s g er m an ic a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 R ha m nu s c at ha rt ic us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Be rb er is v ul ga ri s E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ro sa g la uc a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 3 M al us d om es tic a E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 Ro sa c an in a E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 D F D ic ta m no -F er ul ag io n Pe uc ed an um c er va ri a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . 1 . 3 9 D ic ta m nu s a lb us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . . 2 6 La th yr us la tif ol iu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ro sa g al lic a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Fe ru la go c am pe st ri s (F . g al ba ni fe ra ) E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 3 D ig ita lis la ev ig at a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 30 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Pa eo ni a of fic in al is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 In ul a sp ir ae ifo lia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 T G Tr ifo lio -G er an ie te a V in ce to xi cu m h ir un di na ri a E1 . . + . . 1 + . + + + . . . . . + 1 . . + + + . . 1 + + + + 1 + 1 + . 20 57 Ir is g ra m in ea E1 . . + . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . + + + . . 8 23 V io la h ir ta E1 + + 1 + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 7 20 A nt he ri cu m ra m os um E1 . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . 5 14 C lin op od iu m v ul ga re E1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 4 11 Si le ne n ut an s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . 1 . 4 11 Fr ag ar ia m os ch at a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 3 9 T ha lic tr um m in us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + + . 3 9 G er an iu m sa ng ui ne um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Tr ifo liu m m ed iu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 D ig ita lis g ra nd if lo ra E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . 2 6 C al am in th a ei ns el ea na E1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Li liu m b ul bi fe ru m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 3 V al er ia na w al lr ot hi i ( V. c ol lin a) E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 3 H ie ra ci um b ifi du m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 3 Po ly go na tu m o do ra tu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 V er ba sc um a us tr ia cu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r 1 3 EA Ep ilo bi et ea a ng us ti fo lii Fr ag ar ia v es ca E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 + . 1 + r + . . . . . . 1 . 1 9 26 Eu pa to ri um c an na bi nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 EP Er ic o- Pi ne te a M ol in ia c ae ru le a su bs p. ar un di na ce a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 . . . . 2 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . 4 11 C ha m ae cy ti su s h ir su tu s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . + + 4 11 C ar ex a lb a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 3 C al am ag ro st is v ar ia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 3 Pe uc ed an um a us tr ia cu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 C ha m ae cy ti su s p ur pu re us E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 V P Va cc in io -P ic ee te a A po se ri s f oe tid a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . 1 . . 4 11 H ie ra ci um m ur or um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + 1 4 11 So lid ag o vi rg au re a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 3 9 A bi es a lb a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . 2 6 A bi es a lb a E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 3 A ve ne lla fl ex uo sa E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 C al am ag ro st is a ru nd in ac ea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 3 Pi ce a ab ie s E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r 1 3 M A M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea A ju ga re pt an s E1 + . + . . . + 1 + + + . + . . . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 31 C ol ch ic um a ut um na le E1 . . 1 . . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 V er on ic a ch am ae dr ys E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + + . . . . . + 4 11 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 31FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . D ac ty lis g lo m er at a s. st r. E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Su cc is a pr at en si s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 C en ta ur ea ja ce a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 H ol cu s s p. E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ta ra xa cu m o ff ic in al e E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 3 La th yr us p ra te ns is E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Po a an gu st ifo lia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 V ic ia c ra cc a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 V ic ia se pi um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 3 FB Fe st uc o- Br om et ea Br ac hy po di um r up es tr e E1 + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . 1 2 2 . . + . 1 + . . + + 2 1 + 1 16 46 A lli um c ar in at um s ub sp . c ar in at um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 Fi lip en du la v ul ga ri s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . 4 11 C ar ex h um ili s E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . 2 6 Eu ph or bi a cy pa ri ss ia s E1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 C en ta ur iu m e ry th ra ea E1 . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Br om op si s c on de ns at a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Br om op si s e re ct a E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 D ia nt hu s h ys so pi fo liu s (D . m on sp es su la nu s) E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 A T A sp le ni et ea tr ic ho m an is A sp le ni um tr ic ho m an es E1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 + + . . + . 8 23 A sp le ni um r ut a- m ur ar ia E1 + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . 4 11 Po ly po di um v ul ga re E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + 1 . . . . + . 4 11 A sp le ni um a di an tu m -n ig ru m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 6 Se du m m ax im um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 . 2 6 C et er ac h ja vo rk ea nu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 3 H ie ra ci um p os pi ch al ii E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 3 Ph yt eu m a sc he uc hz er i s ub sp . co lu m na e E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 3 C ar da m in op si s a re no sa E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 M oe hr in gi a m us co sa E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Pr im ul a au ri cu la E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 C et er ac h of fic in ar um E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Po ly po di um in te rj ec tu m E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Sa xi fr ag a cr us ta ta E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . 1 3 O O th er s pe ci es (D ru ge v rs te ) Ro bi ni a ps eu do ac ac ia E3 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ro bi ni a ps eu do ac ac ia E3 a . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Ro bi ni a ps eu do ac ac ia E2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Ro bi ni a ps eu do ac ac ia E2 a . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 M L M os se s an d lic he ns (M ah ov i i n li ša ji) Fi ss id en s t ax ifo liu s E0 + + . + + . 1 . + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 29 Is ot he ci um a lo pe cu ro id es E0 . + + + . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . + + 1 . + + + . . . . . . 10 29 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 32 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 A no m od on v iti cu lo su s E0 . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . + . . + . . + . . . 1 + 8 23 Sc hi st id iu m a po ca rp um E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + + + + . + . . . . . . . 7 20 C te ni di um m ol lu sc um E0 . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . 1 . 6 17 H yp nu m c up re ss ifo rm e E0 . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 6 17 A tr ic hu m u nd ul at um E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . + . . + . . 5 14 H om al ot he ci um lu te sc en s E0 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . + + 5 14 H om al ot he ci um se ri ce um E0 . . + . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 Fi ss id en s d ub iu s E0 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . 3 9 N ec ke ra c om pl an at a E0 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 3 9 To rt el la to rt uo sa E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . + . . . . . 3 9 Pl ag io m ni um u nd ul at um E0 . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 A no m od on a tt en ua tu s E0 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 T ha m no br yu m a lo pe cu ru m E0 . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Eu rh yn ch iu m st ri at um E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 2 6 Po ly tr ic hu m fo rm os um E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . 2 6 N ec ke ra c ri sp a E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 . 2 6 Po re lla p la ty ph yl la E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 R hy tid ia de lp hu s t ri qu et ru s E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 T hu id iu m ta m ar is ci nu m E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 3 Le ge nd - Le ge nd a Pr . P re se nc e (n um be r of r el ev és in w hi ch th e sp ec ie s i s p re se nt ed ) - š te vi lo p op is ov , v k at er ih s e po ja vl ja v rs ta Fr . F re qu en cy in % - fr ek ve nc a v % A L im es to ne - ap ne ne c F Fl ys h - f liš L M ar l - la po ro ve c R C he rt - ro že ne c R e R en dz in a - r en dz in a Eu - Eu tr ic b ro w n so il - e vt ri čn a rj av a tla C c C hr om ic C am bi so ls - rj av a po ka rb on at na tl a C U C al lu no -U lic et ea N um be r of r el ev é (Z ap or ed na š te vi lk a po pi sa ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr . Fr . DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 33FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Tabe 2: Groups of diagnostic species in some of Quercus cerris dominating communities in Slovenia, Italy, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina (relative frequencies) Preglednica 2: Skupine diagnostičnih vrst v nekaterih cerovih združbah v Sloveniji, Italiji, na Madžarskem in v Bosni in Hercegovini (relativne frekvence) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 15 12 6 6 87 8 25 Sign for syntaxa SaQcty SaQcac SaQcluz DlQc FoQc HeQc PbQc Author (Avtor) IDZS IDZS IDZS AC ST LMUŠ BK Carpinion orientalis 6 2 5 9 5 0 0 Quercetea ilicis 4 1 3 13 0 0 0 Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae 34 23 34 31 25 18 22 Aceri tatarici-Quercion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Quercion farnetto 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Quercetalia roboris-petraeae (inc. Calluno-Ulicetea) 2 4 14 2 6 5 4 Erythronio-Carpinion 4 4 3 0 0 2 1 Aremonio-Fagion 0 3 0 1 7 3 0 Tilio-Acerion 2 8 0 0 0 2 5 Alnion incanae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fagetalia sylvaticae 10 15 4 3 6 12 9 Querco-Fagetea 16 17 11 17 17 13 22 Rhamno-Prunetea 8 6 11 16 7 8 7 Trifolio-Geranietea 3 6 4 1 6 8 8 Epilobietea angustifolii, Filipendulo-Convolvuletea 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 Erico-Pinetea 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Vaccinio-Piceetea 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 Molinio-Arrhenatheretea 2 0 3 1 5 5 3 Festucetalia valesiacae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Festuco-Brometea 1 2 5 0 15 7 2 Asplenietea trichomanis 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Galio-Urticetea, Stellarietea mediae 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) 5 5 0 0 0 9 0 Total (Skupaj) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Legend - Legenda SaQcty Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis asparagetosum acutifolii, this article, Table 1, relevés 1–15; SaQcac Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis campanuletosum rapunculoidis, this article, Table 1, relevés 22–33; SaQcluz Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis hieracietosum sabaudi, this article, Table 1, relevés 16–21; DlQc Dapno laureoli-Quercetum cerridis Tefftani et Biondi 1993 (inc. Quercus cerris and Carpinus orientalis comm.), Italy, Umbria (Catorci, Raponi & Orsomando 2013, Table 7) FsQc Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis Stefanovič 1960, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Stupar et al. 2015, Table 4, Column 2) HeQc Hacquetio epipactidis-Quercetum cerridis, Slovenija, Notranjska, Marinček et Šilc 1999 (Marinček & Šilc 1999: 71–75). PbQc Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis Kevey 2007, Mecsek, Madžarska (Kevey 2007, Table 1) DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 34 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Appendix 1: Synthetic table of some Quercus cerris dominating communities in Slovenia, Italy, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina Dodatek 1: Sintezna tabela nekaterih cerovih združbah v Sloveniji, Italiji, na Madžarskem in v Bosni in Hercegovini Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 15 12 6 6 87 8 25 Sign for syntaxa SaQcty SaQcac SaQcluz DlQc FoQc HeQc PbQc CO Carpinion orientalis Sesleria autumnalis E1 80 100 83 . 48 . . Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus E1 80 8 17 . . . . Carpinus orientalis E3a 53 . . 100 . . . Carpinus orientalis E2b 53 . 17 . 29 . . Carpinus orientalis E2a . . 50 . . . . Carpinus orientalis E1 7 . . . . . . Coronilla emerus subsp. emeroides E2a 7 8 . 50 . . . Rubia peregrina E1 7 . 17 67 . . . Aristolochia lutea E1 . 33 . . . . . Mercurialis ovata E1 . 8 . . . 38 . Knautia drymeia subsp. tergestina E1 . . 67 . . . . Cyclamen repandum E1 . . . 67 . . . Acer monspessulanum E3a . . . 17 . . . Cercis siliquastrum E1 . . . 17 . . . Helleborus multifidus subsp. multifidus E1 . . . . 54 . . QI Quercetea ilicis Ruscus aculeatus E2a 100 92 83 100 . . 28 Asparagus acutifolius E2a 87 . 50 100 . . . Osyris alba E1 . . 17 . . . . Rosa sempervirens E2a . . 17 50 . . . Quercus ilex E1 . . . 100 . . . Phyllirea latifolia E1 . . . 50 . . . Smilax aspera E1 . . . 17 . . . Erica arborea E1 . . . 17 . . . Viburnum tinus E1 . . . 17 . . . QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Quercus cerris E3b 100 100 100 100 100 88 100 Quercus cerris E3a . . 83 . . 25 36 Quercus cerris E2b . . 17 . . 63 8 Quercus cerris E2a . . 17 . . . 76 Quercus cerris E1 80 33 100 . . 25 100 Fraxinus ornus E3 87 100 50 83 84 100 100 Fraxinus ornus E2b 87 67 100 . . 13 84 Fraxinus ornus E2a 73 83 83 . . 88 88 Fraxinus ornus E1 67 92 33 . . 13 100 Melittis melissophyllum E1 73 92 83 . 45 100 . Cornus mas E3a . 8 17 . . . . Cornus mas E2b 80 100 17 50 47 75 96 Cornus mas E2a . . . . . . 72 Cornus mas E1 . . . . . . 96 Ostrya carpinifolia E3b 47 75 . . . . . Ostrya carpinifolia E3a 80 83 17 50 . 100 . Ostrya carpinifolia E2b 7 17 . . . 75 . Tamus communis E1 87 58 50 100 40 . 100 Sorbus torminalis E3b 33 . . . . . . Sorbus torminalis E3a 87 8 50 83 . . 52 Sorbus torminalis E2b 40 8 100 . 54 . 32 Sorbus torminalis E2a 33 8 50 . . . 16 Sorbus torminalis E1 40 8 83 . . . 60 Carex flacca E1 47 25 100 33 25 100 4 Lathyrus niger E1 27 50 100 . 77 13 52 Quercus pubescens E3b 47 50 17 83 38 . 20 Quercus pubescens E3a 7 17 33 . . . 12 Quercus pubescens E2a . . . . . . 4 Quercus pubescens E1 13 8 17 . . . 20 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 35FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tanacetum corymbosum E1 47 33 17 . 43 . 88 Sorbus domestica E3b 40 . . . . . . Sorbus domestica E3a 40 8 67 100 . . 4 Sorbus domestica E2b 20 . 50 . . . . Sorbus domestica E2a 7 . 83 . . . 12 Sorbus domestica E1 13 . 50 . . . 12 Buglossoides purpurocaerulea E1 20 8 17 83 52 100 100 Cotinus coggygria E3a 7 . . . . . . Cotinus coggygria E2 27 . 17 . . . . Viola alba s. lat. E1 33 8 . 50 . . 76 Arum italicum E1 13 . . 33 . . . Lathyrus venetus E1 7 8 . . . . 16 Hypericum montanum E1 7 . . . . . 4 Orchis purpurea E1 7 . . . . . . Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa E1 7 . . . . . . Asparagus tenuifolius E1 . 75 . . . 63 . Sorbus aria E3b . 17 . . . . . Sorbus aria E3a . 17 . . . . . Sorbus aria E2b . 33 . . . 88 . Sorbus aria E2a . . . . . . . Arabis turrita E1 . 25 . . . . 32 Campanula persicifolia E1 . 25 . . . . 80 Convallaria majalis E1 . 25 . . . 88 24 Euonymus verrucosa E2a . 25 . . . 88 32 Calamintha sylvatica E1 . 25 . . . . 72 Betonica serotina E1 . 8 17 . . . . Sorbus graeca E2b . 8 . . . . . Cnidium silaifolium E1 . 8 . . . . . Melica picta E1 . 8 . . . . . Potentilla alba E1 . . 17 . . 88 . Pyrus spinosa E2a . . 17 . . . . Pyrus spinosa E2b . . 17 . . . . Acer obtusatum E3 . . . 50 . . . Pyracantha coccinea E2 . . . 50 . . . Laburnum anagyroides E2 . . . 33 . . . Silene viridiflora E1 . . . 17 21 . 68 Anemone apennina E1 . . . 17 . . . Cytisus sessilifolius (Cytisophyllum sessilifolium) E2 . . . 17 . . . Heleborus foetidus E1 . . . 17 . . . Potentilla micrantha E1 . . . . 52 . 72 Viola cyanea E1 . . . . . . 4 Inula conyza E1 . . . . . . 60 Laser trilobum E1 . . . . . . 56 Vicia pisiformis E1 . . . . . . 32 Colutae arborescens E2 . . . . . . 28 Hersperis sylvestris E1 . . . . . . 24 Piptatherum virescens E1 . . . . . . 8 Cephalanthera rubra E1 . . . . . . 4 Gagea pratensis E1 . . . . . . 4 Carex michelii E1 . . . . . . 8 AtQ Aceri tatarici-Quercion Acer tatatricum E3 . . . . 7 . . Scutellaria altissima E1 . . . . . . 36 Doronicum hungaricum E1 . . . . . . 4 Qfr Quercion farnetto Paeonia banatica E1 . . . . . . 92 Tilia tomentosa E3b . . . . . . 56 Tilia tomentosa E3a . . . . . . 60 Tilia tomentosa E2b . . . . . . 36 Tilia tomentosa E2a . . . . . . 64 Tilia tomentosa E1 . . . . . . 84 Genista ovata subsp. nervata E1 . . . . . . 16 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 36 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 QR Quercetalia roboris-petraeae (inc. Calluno-Ulicetea) Serratula tinctoria E1 33 67 67 . 31 50 4 Quercus petraea E3b 33 33 50 33 24 . 92 Quercus petraea E3a . . 17 . . . 16 Quercus petraea E2b . 8 17 . . . 4 Quercus petraea E2a . . 17 . . . 68 Quercus petraea E1 13 8 33 . . . 96 Castanea sativa E3b . 17 17 . . . . Castanea sativa E3a . . 17 . . . . Castanea sativa E2b . 8 33 . . . . Castanea sativa E2a . 8 17 . . . . Castanea sativa E1 13 17 17 . . . . Hieracium racemosum E1 7 25 50 . . . . Pteridium aquilinum E1 7 . 17 . 21 63 . Betonica officinalis E1 . 50 50 17 56 100 4 Carex pallescens E1 . 8 . . . . . Hieracium sabaudum E1 . . 83 . 25 . 28 Festuca ovina agg. E1 . . 33 . . . . Genista germanica E1 . . 33 . . . . Potentilla erecta E1 . . 33 . . 63 . Hieracium vulgatum E1 . . 33 . . . . Genista pilosa E1 . . 17 . . . . Rubus hirtus E2a . . 17 . . . 15 Hypochoeris radicata E1 . . 17 . . . . Frangula alnus E2a . . 17 . . 50 . Lembotropis nigricans E2a . . 17 . . . . Chamaespartium sagittale E1 . . . . . . . Luzula foersteri E1 . . . 17 . . 8 Veronica officinalis E1 . . . . 17 . 12 Chamaecytisus supinus E1 . . . . . 50 8 Lathyrus linifolius (L. montanus) E1 . . . . . 13 . EC Erythronio-Carpinion Lonicera caprifolium E2a 93 17 100 . . 63 . Primula vulgaris E1 53 75 17 . . 100 12 Ornithogalum pyrenaicum E1 20 . . . . 13 . Crocus vernus subsp. vernus E1 7 25 . . . . . Erythronium dens-canis E1 7 17 . . . . . Helleborus odorus E1 . 75 . . 8 . 100 Galanthus nivalis E1 . 17 . . . . . Lonicera caprifolium E2b . . 17 33 . . . AF Aremonio-Fagion Cyclamen purpurascens E1 20 42 . . . . . Lamium orvala E1 7 42 . . . . . Hacquetia epipactis E1 7 . . . 88 . . Daphne laureola E2a 7 . . 50 . . . Anemone trifolia E1 . 33 . . . . . Ruscus hypoglossum E1 . 17 . . . . . Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus E1 . 8 . . . . . Dentaria enneaphyllos E1 . 8 . . . . . Epimedium alpinum E1 . 8 . . . . . Euphorbia carniolica E1 . 8 . . . . . Omphalodes verna E1 . . . . 100 . . Helleborus niger E1 . . . . . 100 . Aremonia agrimonoides E1 . . . . . 100 . Knautia drymeia subsp. drymeia E1 . . . . . 38 8 Geranium nodosum E1 . . . . . 13 . TA Tilio-Acerion Acer pseudoplatanus E3b . 25 . . . . . Acer pseudoplatanus E3a . 17 . 17 . . 4 Acer pseudoplatanus E2b . 42 . . . 50 . Acer pseudoplatanus E2a . 33 . . . . 16 Acer pseudoplatanus E1 13 67 . . . . 16 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 37FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Juglans regia E3a 7 . . . . . . Juglans regia E2a 20 8 . . . . . Arum maculatum E1 27 . . . . . 84 Tilia cordata E3b 7 25 . . . . 4 Tilia cordata E3a 7 25 . . . . . Tilia cordata E2b . 42 . . . . . Tilia cordata E2a . 33 . . . . 4 Tilia cordata E1 . 8 . . . . 8 Acer platanoides E3a . 8 . . . . 4 Acer platanoides E2 . . . . . . 44 Acer platanoides E1 . 25 . . . . 44 Tilia platyphyllos E3b . 17 . . . . . Tilia platyphyllos E3a . 8 . . . . . Tilia platyphyllos E2b . 8 . . . 25 . Tilia platyphyllos E2a . . . . . 13 . Phyllitis scolopendrium E1 . 17 . . . . . Ulmus glabra E3a . 8 . . . 38 4 Ulmus glabra E2b . 17 . . . 13 8 Ulmus glabra E2a . 17 . . . . 28 Ulmus glabra E1 . 17 . . . 25 32 Polystichum aculeatum E1 . 17 . . . . . Staphylea pinnata E2a . 8 . . . . 8 Staphylea pinnata E2b . 8 . . . . 20 Geranium robertianum E1 . 8 . . . . 84 Dryopteris affinis E1 . 8 . . . . . Asperula taurina E1 . . . . . . 32 Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat. E1 . . . . . . 4 Scrophularia vernalis E1 . . . . . . 4 Hesperis candida E1 . . . . . . 4 AI Alnion incanae Rumex sanguineus E1 . . . . . . 28 Festuca gigantea E1 . . . . . . 4 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Euphorbia amygdaloides E1 60 17 . . . 13 36 Carex sylvatica E1 47 8 . . . . . Brachypodium sylvaticum E1 40 50 33 67 32 13 88 Symphytum tuberosum (inc. subsp. angustifolium) E1 40 50 17 . 51 38 68 Mercurialis perennis E1 27 33 . . . 25 44 Carpinus betulus E3b 27 17 . . . . . Carpinus betulus E3a 20 42 17 . 28 63 24 Carpinus betulus E2b 7 8 . . . . 12 Carpinus betulus E2a . 25 17 . . . 56 Carpinus betulus E1 . 8 . . . 13 68 Euphorbia dulcis E1 20 42 . . . 88 . Pulmonaria officinalis E1 20 33 . . . . 24 Viola reichenbachiana E1 20 17 . 17 . 50 12 Galium laevigatum E1 13 58 17 . . 13 . Lathyrus vernus E1 13 33 . . . 13 32 Prunus avium E3b 13 17 . . . . 8 Prunus avium E3a 7 42 17 . . . . Prunus avium E2b 7 25 33 . 41 25 20 Prunus avium E2a . 17 17 . . . . Prunus avium E1 13 8 . . . . 24 Fagus sylvatica E3b 13 17 17 . . 38 4 Fagus sylvatica E3a . 8 17 . . 13 . Fagus sylvatica E2b . 17 . . . 50 . Fagus sylvatica E2a . . 17 . . . 20 Fagus sylvatica E1 . . . . . . 24 Salvia glutinosa E1 7 50 . . . 63 4 Daphne mezereum E2a 7 42 . . . 88 . Galeobdolon flavidum E1 7 17 . . . . . Dentaria bulbifera E1 7 8 . . . . 40 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 38 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Sanicula europaea E1 7 8 . . . 13 . Heracleum sphondylium E1 7 8 . . . . 12 Allium ursinum E1 7 . . . . . 8 Galeobdolon montanum E1 7 . . . . . . Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum E1 . 50 . . . 63 . Melica nutans E1 . 25 . . . 100 . Lilium martagon E1 . 25 . . . . 24 Mycelis muralis E1 . 25 . . . . 8 Polygonatum multiflorum E1 . 25 . . . 25 48 Senecio ovatus E1 . 25 . . . . . Sambucus nigra E2 . 17 . . . . 12 Fraxinus excelsior E3a . . . . . . 4 Fraxinus excelsior E2a . 17 . . . . 8 Fraxinus excelsior E1 . 8 . . . . 12 Circaea lutetiana E1 . 8 . . . . 8 Laburnum alpinum E2b . 8 . . . . . Prenanthes purpurea E1 . 8 . . . . . Cephalanthera damasonium E1 . . . 17 . 25 8 Campanula trachelium E1 . . . . . 25 16 Neottia nidus-avis E1 . . . . . 25 . Phyteuma spicatum E1 . . . . . 13 . Phyteuma ovatum E1 . . . . . 13 . Lonicera alpigena E1 . . . . . 25 . Epipactis helleborine E1 . . . . . . 28 Corydalis cava E1 . . . . . . 52 Cardamine impatiens E1 . . . . . . 32 Galium odoratum E1 . . . . . . 20 Festuca drymeia E1 . . . . . . 8 Myosotis sylvatica E1 . . . . . . 4 Scrophularia nodosa E1 . . . . . . 4 QF Querco-Fagetea Hedera helix E3a 93 92 . 100 . 13 4 Hedera helix E2 . . . . . . 36 Hedera helix E1 93 67 33 . . 13 32 Crataegus laevigata E2b 73 25 17 . . 88 24 Crataegus laevigata E2a 20 8 17 . . . 16 Crataegus laevigata E1 7 . . . . . 24 Carex digitata E1 60 58 . . . 88 4 Acer campestre E3b 7 25 . . . . 4 Acer campestre E3a 53 58 . 100 52 . 72 Acer campestre E2b 33 50 17 . . 38 48 Acer campestre E2a 13 67 17 . . . 88 Acer campestre E1 47 25 . . . 38 96 Platanthera chlorantha E1 33 . . . . 25 . Carex montana E1 27 50 100 . 32 100 . Cephalanthera longifolia E1 27 8 33 . . . . Ulmus minor E3b . 8 . . . . . Ulmus minor E3a 7 8 . 33 . . 4 Ulmus minor E2b 7 . . . . . . Ulmus minor E2a 27 . . . . . 16 Ulmus minor E1 . 8 . . . . 16 Anemone nemorosa E1 20 17 . . . . . Corylus avellana E2b 13 33 17 17 33 38 8 Corylus avellana E2a 7 17 17 . . 50 12 Clematis vitalba E3a 13 8 . . . . 12 Clematis vitalba E2b . 8 . . . . 12 Clematis vitalba E2a 7 50 . 50 . 75 84 Clematis vitalba E1 7 . . . . . 84 Hepatica nobilis E1 7 33 . 50 . 13 20 Viola riviniana E1 7 8 50 . . . . Pyrus pyraster E3a 7 . . . . 13 52 Pyrus pyraster E2b . 17 17 . . . 88 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 39FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Pyrus pyraster E2a 7 50 33 17 53 75 80 Pyrus pyraster E1 . . 17 . . . 96 Platanthera bifolia E1 7 . 17 . . 13 4 Scilla bifolia E1 7 . . . . . . Aegopodium podagraria E1 7 . . . . . . Rosa arvensis E2a . 67 33 50 70 100 92 Veratrum nigrum E1 . 42 . . . 13 . Vinca minor E1 . 42 . . . . . Festuca heterophylla E1 . 25 83 . 79 . . Cruciata glabra E1 . 25 . 50 66 63 . Listera ovata E1 . 25 . . . 13 . Malus sylvestris E3a . 25 . 33 39 . . Malus sylvestris E2b . 17 . . . . 8 Malus sylvestris E1 . . . . . . . Melica uniflora E1 . 17 . 17 . . 100 Lonicera xylosteum E2a . 8 . 50 . 100 . Euphorbia angulata E1 . 8 . . . . . Dactylis polygama E1 . . 33 . . . 100 Geum urbanum E1 . . . 17 26 . 100 Carex pilosa E1 . . . . . 13 4 Poa nemoralis E1 . . . . . . 92 Stellaria holostea E1 . . . . . . 92 Carex pairae E1 . . . . . . 88 Ranunculus ficaria E1 . . . . . . 76 Glechoma hirsuta E1 . . . . . . 64 Anemone ranunculoides E1 . . . . . . 56 Festuca heterophylla E1 . . . . . . 48 Galium schultesii E1 . . . . . . 44 Melittis carpatica E1 . . . . . . 44 Viola odorata E1 . . . . . . 36 Lactuca quercuina subsp. sagittata E1 . . . . . . 32 Moehringia trinervia E1 . . . . . . 28 Corydalis pumila E1 . . . . . . 16 Gagea lutea E1 . . . . . . 16 Carex divulsa E1 . . . . . . 12 Polygonatum latifolium E1 . . . . . . 4 RP Rhamno-Prunetea Ligustrum vulgare E2b 7 17 33 . . . 72 Ligustrum vulgare E2a 87 42 100 100 37 100 72 Ligustrum vulgare E1 . 17 . . . . 80 Crataegus monogyna E3b 7 . . . . . . Crataegus monogyna E3a 13 17 17 . . . . Crataegus monogyna E2b 47 58 67 100 86 100 88 Crataegus monogyna E2a 47 25 67 . . . 80 Rubus ulmifolius E2 47 33 50 . . . . Prunus spinosa E2b 7 . . 83 . . 20 Prunus spinosa E2a 27 17 50 . 48 88 64 Cornus sanguinea E3a . . 17 . . 13 . Cornus sanguinea E2b 33 8 17 50 . 25 4 Cornus sanguinea E2a 20 8 17 . . . 4 Juniperus communis E3a . 8 . . . . . Juniperus communis E2b 7 8 50 83 9 13 . Juniperus communis E2a 13 . 67 . . . . Rubus fruticosus agg. E2a 7 33 . . . . 44 Euonymus europaea E2a 13 17 . 67 . 38 52 Viburnum lantana E2 . 25 . . . 88 . Prunus insititia E2a 7 . . . . . . Mespilus germanica E2b . 8 . . . . . Rhamnus catharticus E1 . 8 . . . 75 8 Berberis vulgaris E2a . 8 . . . 100 . Rosa glauca E2a . 8 . . . . . Malus domestica E3a . . . . . . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 40 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Rosa canina E2b . . . 17 . . 68 Prunus domestica E2 . . . 33 . . . Paliurus spina-christi E2 . . . 17 . . . Rubus sp. E2 13 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Vincetoxicum hirundinaria E1 40 83 50 . 39 100 84 Viola hirta E1 40 8 . . 34 . 4 Anthericum ramosum E1 13 8 17 . . 38 40 Iris graminea E1 13 50 . . . . 4 Clinopodium vulgare E1 7 . 33 . 67 100 88 Calamintha einseleana E1 7 . . . . . . Campanula rapunculoides E1 . 75 . . . . 100 Ferulago campestris (F. galbanifera ) E1 . 8 . . . . . Lilium bulbiferum E1 . 8 . . . 50 . Valeriana wallrothii (V. collina) E1 . 8 . . . . . Hieracium bifidum E1 . 8 . . . . . Silene nutans E1 . 25 . . . 50 . Thalictrum minus E1 . 17 . . . 50 . Peucedanum cervaria E1 . 17 . . . 13 . Dictamnus albus E1 . 17 . . . . . Digitalis grandiflora E1 . 17 . . . . 16 Fragaria moschata E1 . 8 33 . . 63 . Geranium sanguineum E1 . . 33 . . 75 4 Lathyrus latifolius E1 . . 17 . . . . Rosa gallica E1 . . 17 . . . 8 Trifolium medium E1 . . 17 . . . . Astragalus glycyphyllos E1 . . . 33 . . 64 Lathyrus sylvestris E1 . . . 17 . . . Hypericum perforatum E1 . . . . 9 . . Polygonatum odoratum E1 . . . . . 50 36 Thesium bavarum E1 . . . . . 13 . Verbascum austriacum E1 . . . . . . 80 Torillis japonica E1 . . . . . . 64 Laserpitium latifolium E1 . . . . . . 56 Coronilla varia E1 . . . . . . 52 Trifolium alpestre E1 . . . . . . 20 Vicia casubica E1 . . . . . . 20 Thlaspi perfoliatum E1 . . . . . . 20 Hypericum perforatum E1 . . . . . . 16 Campanula bononiensis E1 . . . . . . 8 Origanum vulgare E1 . . . . . . 8 Vicia dumetorum E1 . . . . . . 4 Trifolium rubens E1 . . . . . . 4 Turitis glabra E1 . . . . . . 4 EA Epilobietea angustifolii, Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Fragaria vesca E1 7 42 33 . 22 100 64 Eupatorium cannabinum E1 . 8 . . . . . Fallopia dumetorum E1 . . . . . . 96 Lapsana communis E1 . . . . . . 92 Veronica hederifolia E1 . . . . . . 92 Bromus ramosus agg. E1 . . . . . . 64 Galeopsis pubescens E1 . . . . . . 56 Lysimachia punctata E1 . . . . . . 28 Hypericum hirsutum E1 . . . . . . 24 Physalis alkekengi E1 . . . . . . 16 Stachys alpina E1 . . . . . . 4 Lunaria annua E1 . . . . . . 4 Atropa bella-donna E1 . . . . . . 4 EP Erico-Pinetea Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea E1 7 8 33 . . 75 . Chamaecytisus hirsutus E1 . 17 . 17 26 . . Carex alba E1 . 8 . . . 63 . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 41FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Calamagrostis varia E1 . 8 . . . . . Peucedanum austriacum E1 . . . . . 38 . Chamaecytisus purpureus E1 . . . . . . . Cotoneaster tomentosus E1 . . . . . 13 . Polygala chamaebuxus E1 . . . . . 75 . Aster amellus E1 . . . . . 25 . Cirsium erisithales E1 . . . . . 13 . Epipactis atrorubens E1 . . . . . 13 . Aquilegia nigricans E1 . . . . . 13 . VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Aposeris foetida E1 7 25 . . . 100 . Hieracium murorum E1 . 17 . . . . . Solidago virgaurea E1 . 17 17 . . 38 4 Abies alba E1 . 17 . . . . . Abies alba E2a . 8 . . . . . Calamagrostis arundinacea E1 . 8 . . . . . Avenella flexuosa E1 . . 17 . . . . Picea abies E2b . . . . . 38 . Luzula luzuloides E1 . . . . . . 4 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Ajuga reptans E1 53 . 50 . . 63 32 Colchicum autumnale E1 20 8 . . . . 4 Veronica chamaedrys E1 . 25 . . 47 . 64 Taraxacum officinale E1 . 8 . . . 13 . Dactylis glomerata E1 . . 33 . 64 50 . Succisa pratensis E1 . . 33 . . . . Centaurea jacea E1 . . 17 . . 13 . Holcus sp. E1 . . 17 . . . . Prunella vulgaris E1 . . . 17 14 . 4 Oenanthe pimpinelloides E1 . . . 17 . . . Lychnis coronaria E1 . . . . 2 . . Galium mollugo E1 . . . . . 88 68 Lathyrus pratensis E1 . . . . . 50 . Vicia cracca E1 .. . . . . 38 . Knautia arvensis E1 . . . . . 25 . Lotus corniculastus E1 . . . . . 25 4 Ranuculus nemorosus E1 . . . . . 13 . Muscari botryoides E1 . . . . . . 48 Poa pratensis E1 . . . . . . 12 Valeriana officinalis E1 . . . . . . 12 Ornithogallum umbelatum E1 . . . . . . 12 Vicia sepium E1 . . . . . . 4 FV Festucetalia valesiacae Erysimum odoratum E1 . . . . . . 32 Allium oleraceum E1 . . . . . . 20 Geranium columbinum E1 . . . . . . 8 Muscari tenuiflorum E1 . . . . . . 4 Veronica teucrium E1 . . . . . . 4 FB Festuco-Brometea Allium carinatum subsp. carinatum E1 20 8 . . . 13 . Brachypodium pinnatum agg. (inc. B. rupestre) E1 13 58 83 . 59 88 60 Euphorbia cyparissias E1 7 . . . 18 100 76 Centaurium erythraea E1 7 . . . . . . Filipendula vulgaris E1 . 17 33 . 55 75 . Carex humilis E1 . 17 . . . 13 . Genista tinctoria E1 . . 83 . 21 . . Bromopsis condensata E1 . . 17 . . . . Bromopsis erecta E1 . . 17 . 29 25 . Ranunculus bulbosus E1 . . . 33 . . . Teucrium chamaedrys E1 . . . . 49 63 44 Thymus pulegioideds E1 . . . . 20 . . Carex caryophyllea E1 . . . . 29 . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 42 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Galium lucidum E1 . . . . 32 . . Verbascum nigrum E1 . . . . 29 . . Dorycnium germanicum E1 . . . . 24 . . Pimpinella saxifraga E1 . . . . 24 38 . Hieracium pilosella E1 . . . . 3 . . Euphorbia verrucosa E1 . . . . . 25 . Peucedanum oreoselinum E1 . . . . . 25 . Dianthus hyssopifolius (D. monspessulanus) E1 . . . . . 13 . Inula hirta E1 . . . . . 13 . Trifolium montanum E1 . . . . . 13 . Salvia pratensis E1 . . . . . 13 . Sanguisorba minor E1 . . . . . 13 . Orchis simia E1 . . . . . 8 . Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris E1 . . . . . . 44 Ajuga genevensis E1 . . . . . . 16 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Asplenium trichomanes E1 13 42 . . . . 12 Asplenium ruta-muraria E1 13 8 . . . . . Polypodium vulgare E1 . 25 . . . . . Asplenium adiantum-nigrum E1 . 17 . . . . . Sedum maximum E1 . 8 . . . . 64 Ceterach javorkeanum E1 . 8 . . . . . Hieracium pospichalii E1 . 8 . . . . . Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae E1 . 8 . . . . . Cardaminopsis arenosa E1 . . . . . . . Moehringia muscosa E1 . . . . . . . Primula auricula E1 . . . . . . . Ceterach officinarum E1 . . . . . . . Polypodium interjectum E1 . . . . . . . Saxifraga crustata E1 . . . . . . . GU Galio-Urticetea, Stellarietea mediae Cruciata laevipes E1 . . . 33 . . 8 Alliaria petiolata E1 . . . . . . 96 Galium aparine E1 . . . . . . 92 lamium maculatum E1 . . . . . . 84 Chaerophyllum temulum E1 . . . . . . 76 Urtica dioica E1 . . . . . . 60 Vicia hirsuta E1 . . . . . . 52 Anthryscus cerefolium subsp. trichosperma E1 . . . . . . 40 Stellaria media E1 . . . . . . 28 Viola arvensis E1 . . . . . . 24 Lactuca seriola E1 . . . . . . 20 Chelidonium majus E1 . . . . . . 20 Bromus sterilis E1 . . . . . . 16 Lamium purpureum E1 . . . . . . 12 O Other species (Druge vrste) Robinia pseudoacacia E3b 7 . . . . . . Robinia pseudoacacia E3a 13 . . . . . . Robinia pseudoacacia E2b 7 . . . . . . Robinia pseudoacacia E2a 13 . . . . . . ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Fissidens taxifolius E0 60 8 . . . . . Isothecium alopecuroides E0 27 50 . . . 50 . Homalothecium sericeum E0 20 8 . . . 38 . Ctenidium molluscum E0 20 17 . . . 100 . Anomodon viticulosus E0 13 33 . . . . . Hypnum cupressiforme E0 13 . 50 . . 59 . Neckera complanata E0 13 . . . . . . Plagiomnium undulatum E0 13 . . . . . . Thamnobryum alopecurum E0 13 . . . . . . Schistidium apocarpum E0 7 50 . . . 63 . Atrichum undulatum E0 7 33 . . . . . Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DAKSKOBLER, SADAR, ČARNI: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF QUERCUS CERRIS WOODS IN THE SUB-MEDITERRANEAN 43FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 58/2 – 2017 Homalothecium lutescens E0 7 17 . . . 75 . Fissidens dubius E0 7 17 . . . . . Anomodon attenuatus E0 7 8 . . . . . Eurhynchium striatum E0 7 . . . . . . Porella platyphylla E0 7 . . . . 25 . Tortella tortuosa E0 . 25 . . . 88 . Polytrichum formosum E0 . 17 . . . . . Neckera crispa E0 . 8 . . . 50 . Cladonia pyxidata E0 . . . . . 75 . Scleropodium purum E0 . . . . . 63 . Bryum capillare E0 . . . . . 13 . Cladonia rangiferina E0 . . . . . 13 . Mnium cuspidatum E0 . . . . . 13 . Legend - Legenda SaQcty Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis asparagetosum acutifolii, this article, Table 1, relevés 1–15; SaQcac Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis campanuletosum rapunculoidis, this article, Table 1, relevés 22–33; SaQcluz Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum cerridis hieracietosum sabaudi, this article, Table 1, relevés 16–21; DlQc Dapno laureoli-Quercetum cerridis Tefftani et Biondi 1993 (inc. Quercus cerris and Carpinus orientalis comm.), Italy, Umbria (Catorci, Raponi & Orsomando 2013, Table 7) FsQc Fraxino orni-Quercetum cerridis Stefanovič 1960, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Stupar et al. 2015, Table 4, Column 2) HeQc Hacquetio epipactidis-Quercetum cerridis, Slovenija, Notranjska, Marinček et Šilc 1999 (Marinček & Šilc 1999: 71–75). PbQc Paeonio banaticae-Quercetum cerridis Kevey 2007, Mecsek, Madžarska (Kevey 2007, Table 1) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7