ACTA BIOLOGICA SLOVENICA LJUBLJANA 2015 Vol. 58, Št. 2: 35-60 ACS Phytosociological description of hay meadows with dominating Trisetum flavescens in the lower montane belt of north-western and western Slovenia Fitocenološka oznaka travnikov s prevladujočo vrsto Trisetum flavescens v spodnjem gorskem pasu severozahodne in zahodne Slovenije Igor Dakskoblera*, Andrej Seliškarb aInstitute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, SI-1000 Ljubljana bGrobeljska cesta 6 b, SI-1234 Mengeš ^correspondence: igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si Abstract: We conducted a phytosociological study into hay meadows on former fields on original sites of beech forests form the alliance Aremonio-Fagion in the lower montane belt of the northwestern and western Slovenia (southern Julian Alps, northern part of the Dinaric Alps) and compared them to similar, previously described meadows in Slovenia and northwestern Italy. Based on this comparison they are classified into the new association Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis and new habitat type, southeastern-Alpine-northern-Illyrian lower montane hay meadows - 38.239-S1. Key words: secondary grasslands, synsystematics, Trisetum flavescens, Ar-rhenatherion, Illyrian floral province, Slovenia Izvleček: Fitocenološko smo preučili travnike na nekdanjih njivah na izvornih rastiščih bukovih gozdov iz zveze Aremonio-Fagion v spodnjem gorskem pasu severozahodne in zahodne Slovenije (južne Julijske Alpe, severni del Dinarskega gorstva) in jih primerjali s podobnimi že opisanimi travniki v Sloveniji in severozahodni Italiji. Na podlagi te primerjave jih uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis in v nov habitatni tip jugovzhodnoalpski-severnoilirski spodnjegorski gojeni travniki - 38.239-S1. Ključne besede: drugotna travišča, sinsistematika, Trisetum flavescens, Arrhena-therion, Ilirska florna provinca, Slovenija Introduction Phytosociology of meadows with dominant Trisetum flavescens in the submontane and mon- tane belt in Slovenia was studied several years ago by Petras Sackl et al. (2012) who classified these meadows into two associations: Astrantio-Trisetetum Knapp et Knapp ex Oberdorfer 1957 36 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 and Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum Passarge 1964. Similar meadows in Friuli Venezia Giulia are classified into the syntaxon Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum Oberdorfer 1964 corr. Poldini et Oriolo 1994 f. montana Poldini et Oriolo 1994 (Poldini and Oriolo 1994). When mapping the habitat types in the Spodnja Dolina in Bohinj between Bitnje and Ribčev Laz in 2014 we classified the meadows with dominant Trisetum flavescens as habitat type 38.31 (central-European montane hay meadows), but we found this classification to be inadequate. In the following, 2015, we made a phytosociological inventory of these meadows. Similar meadows were observed and recorded also on the Banjšice plateau above the Central Soča Valley and elsewhere in the foothills of the Julian Alps and in the Trnovski Gozd plateau. We arranged these relevés in the phytosociological table and tried to provide a corresponding syn-taxonomical definition for them. We also described a new habitat type 38.239-S1. Methods Phytosociological records of lower montane meadows were made according to the standard Central-European method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) and entered into the FloVegSi database (Seliskar et al. 2003). We transformed the combined cover-abundance values with numerical values (1-9) according to van der Maarel (1979). Numerical comparisons were performed with the SYN-TAX 2000 program package (Podani 2001). The relevés were compared by means of "(unweighted) average linkage method" - UPGMA, using Wishart's similarity ratio and Jaccard's index. The nomenclature source for the names of vascular plants is the Mala flora Slovenije (Martincic et al. 2007) and Silc and Carni (2012) for the names of syntaxa. In the classification of species into phytosociological groups (groups of diagnostic species) we mainly refer to the Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004). Geographic coordinates of relevés are determined according to the Slovenian geographic coordinate system D 48 (5th zone) on the Bessel ellipsoid and with Gauss-Kruger projection. Figure 1: Approximate localities of researched hay meadows on the map of Slovenia Slika 1: Približna lokacija popisanih travišč na zemljevidu Slovenije Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 37 Short ecological description of the study area Figure 1 shows approximate localities of studied meadows in the southern Julian Alps (Bohinj and the Bača Valley) and in the northern part of the Dinaric Alps (Banjšice, Trnovski Gozd). They are situated in the elevation belt between (335) 500 m and 800 (1030) m, mainly on plateaus or very gentle slopes. Most of them occurred on abandoned fields. Geological bedrock is glacial material (till), limestone, limestone and flysch (or marlstone), rarely dolomite and marlstone, talus and gravel. The soil is shallow to medium deep. The predominating soil types are brown calcareous soil, eutric brown soil and rarely rendzina. The study area has a humid mountain climate. Ogrin (1998) describes it as a temperate-continental climate of western and southern Slovenia. The average annual temperature is 6-8°C (Cegnar 1998) and average annual precipitation is 2000 mm to 2500 mm (Zupančič 1998). The southwestern part of the study area (Banjšice) has a slightly warmer and less moist climate, and the same applies to the Baca Valley. In terms of climate the relevés from Bohinj are comparable with the relevés from higher elevations in the Trnovski Gozd plateau. The studied hay meadows have been cleared in the belt of Illyrian beech forests from the alliance Aremonio-Fagion. These are potentially the sites of associations Anemono trifoliae-Fagetum (Bohinj, partly also the Baca Valley), Lamio orvalae-Fagetum, Omphalodo-Fagetum (Trnovski Gozd), Lamio orvalae-Fagetum and Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum (Banjsice). Results and discussion In Table 1we arranged 24 relevés of hay meadows in the lower montane belt of northwestern and western Slovenia. Their species composition was compared to the species composition of stands from the associations Astrantio-Trisetetum, Figure 2: Dendrogram of hay meadows with dominatingArrhenatherum elatius and Trisetumflavescens in Slovenia and NE Italy (RfT - Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum, CcA - Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum, RbA - Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, AT - Astrantio-Trisetetum, PA - Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum) - UPGMA, similarity ratio Slika 2: Dendrogram travnikov s prevladujočima vrstama Arrhenatherum elatius in Trisetum flavescens v Sloveniji in severovzhodni Italiji (RfT - Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum, CcA - Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum, RbA - Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, AT - Astrantio-Trisetetum, PA - Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum) - UPGMA, similarity ratio 38 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (Petras Sackl et al. 2012), Ranuncolo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum (Carni 2003) and stands of the montane form of the association Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum (Poldini and Oriolo 1994) in the synthetic table that was prepared for this purpose (Table 2). The comparison was conducted by means of hierarchical classification with consideration of species frequencies (Figure 2) and either presence or absence of species (Figure 3). Considering only the presence or absence of species (Figure 3) our relevés are floristi-cally slightly similar to the stands of associations Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum and Astrantio-Trisetetum, whereas with consideration of species frequencies (Figure 2) we observe more similarity with the stands of associations Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum and Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum. We additionally analysed the composition of compared syntaxa by groups of diagnostic species (Tables 2 and 3). This comparison indicates the following. According to this criterion the studied stands are very similar to the stands ofthe syntaxon Centaureo-Arrhenatheretum f. montana, but have a higher proportion of diagnostic species of dry grasslands from the class Festuco-Brometea and a much smaller proportion of hygrophilous tall herb species from the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Compared to the stands ofthe association Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenentheretum the studied stands have a considerably smaller proportion of acidophilous species from the class Calluno-Ulicetea, and in comparison with the stands ofthe association Pastinaco-Arrhentheretum they have a higher proportion of species of the class Festuco-Brometea and a smaller proportion of species from classes Stellarietea mediae and Trifolio-Geranietea. Compared to the stands of the association Astrantio-Trisetetum the studied stands have a considerably higher proportion of species from the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and a smaller proportion of species from the order Molinietalia and classes Calluno-Ulicetea, Trifolio-Geranietea and Querco-Fagetea. Figure 3: Dendrogram of hay meadows with dominating Arrhenatherum elatius and Trisetum flavescens in Slovenia and NE Italy (RfT - Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum, CcA - Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum, RbA - Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, AT -Astrantio-Trisetetum, PA - Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum) - UPGMA, Jaccard Slika 3: Dendrogram travnikov s prevladujočima vrstama Arrhenatherum elatius in Trisetum flavescens v Sloveniji in severovzhodni Italiji (RfT - Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum, CcA - Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum, RbA - Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, AT - Astrantio-Trisetetum, PA -Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum) - UPGMA, Jaccard Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 39 Some of the diagnostic species of the association Centaureo-Arrhenatheretum (Centaurea carniolica, Anthriscus sylvestris and Myosotis sylvatica) are rare in the studied stands. Most of the diagnostic species of the association Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum (as defined by Ellmauer and Mucina 1993: 346): Silene nutans, Clinopodium vulgare, Carlina acaulis, Carex montana, Linum catharticum, Trifolium montanum and Lychnis viscaria, are only rarely or not at all recorded in the studied stands. Rare or absent among the diagnostic species of the association Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum in the studied stands are Pastinaca sativa and Geranium pratense, and Astrantia major, Carex montana, Linum catharticum and Listera ovata are rarely recorded or absent from the diagnostic species of the association Astrantio-Trisetetum. Based on mentioned analyses we came to the following conclusions. The studied stands cannot be classified into associations Pastinaco-Arrhenatherntum or Astrantio-Trisetetum due to the absence of their diagnostic species. Based on the presence of diagnostic species and (or) full floristic similarity these stands could be classified into the association Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatherntum or into the montane form of the association Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum. With consideration of the dominant species of these grasslands, Trisetum flavescens, their species composition and distribution in the lower montane belt we decided to name them after the dominant species and classified them into the new association Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis. Their physiognomy and species composition differ both from the meadows of the colline and submontane belt that are usually classified into the association Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, and from the meadows of the montane and altimontane belt, which are dominated by Trisetum flavescens. The diagnostic species of the new association, Trisetum flavescens, Helictotrichon pubescens, Rhinanthus freynii, Medicago lupulina, Ranunculus bulbosus and Plantago media, characterise species-rich, cultivated meadows on former fields with relatively shallow soil in the lower montane belt in the region of beech forests from the Illyrian alliance Aremonio-Fagion. Rhinanthus freynii is an eastern-Alpine-Illyrian species, character species of sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands from the suballiance Hypochoeridion maculatae (Aeschimann et al. 2004: 278), which characterise the new association both ecologically and choro-logically. The nomenclature type, holotypus, of the new association is relevé No. 20 in Table 1. The association is divided into two variants. The variant with Rhinanthus minor (its differential species is also Lychnis flos-cuculi) comprises the relevés on slightly moister soil and the variant with Polygala comosa (its differential species include Bromopsis erecta, Brachypodium rupestre and Lathyrus pratensis) comprises relevés on slightly drier sites. In terms of their characteristics the stands of the new association represent a transition between the stands of the syntaxa from orders Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia and Arrhenatheretalia elatioris. The new association is classified into the alliance Arrhenatherion elatioris, order Arrhenatheretalia elatioris and class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Following the classification of Palaearctic habitats (P. Devillers-Terschuren and J. Devillers-Terschuren 1998, 2002) we classify the studied meadows into a new habitat type, southeastern-Alpine-northern-Illyrian lower montane hay meadows - 38.239-S1. The description of the new habitat is as follows: Lower montane hay meadows are distributed in the foothills of the Alps and in the northern part of the Dinaric Mountains at elevations between (400) 500 m to 800 (1000) m in the belt of Illyrian montane beech forests (alliance Aremonio-Fagion) and are an intermediate stage between HT 38.22 and 38.3. The geological bedrock is usually calcareous, but frequently interlayered with silicate (limestone, limestone and marl), in places also glacial material (till). The soil is shallow brown rendzina, brown calcareous soil, eutric brown soil. Meadows are situated on plateaus or gentle slopes, frequently on former fields. They are usually mown once or twice a year, unfertilised or only moderately fertilised and species rich. The dominant grass is Trisetum flavescens, while Arrhenatherum elatius, Helictotrichon pubescens and Holcus lanatus have a slightly lower median coverage. More poorly represented or absent from the species composition are the diagnostic species of montane hay meadows. The differential species are some of the species of semi-dry meadows from the class Festuco-Brometea (Medicago lupulina, 40 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Rhinanthus freynii, Plantago media, Ranunculus bulbosus). In terms of floristics they are more similar to lowland hay meadows from the associations Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum and Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum (HT 38.221) than to montane hay meadows, but are nevertheless substantially different in their entire floristic composition, especially in terms of the presence of different companion species that are characteristic of the (lower) montane belt and in that Trisetum flasvescens dominates over Arrhenatherum elatius. Conclusions Despite the predominant Trisetum flavescens the hay meadows on former fields in the lower montane belt of the northwestern and western Slovenia, originally the sites of beech forests from the alliance Aremonio-Fagion, are floristi-cally nevertheless more similar to the meadows from the order Arrhenatheretalia elatioris than to those from the order Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia. They could be classified either into the association Ranuculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum or Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum, but their distribution in the lower montane belt and entire species composition justify their classification into the new association Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis. The new association indicates an intermediate type of hay meadows of the lower montane belt where Trisetum flavescens is the dominating species; their species composition, however, does not yet comprise expressly montane (upper-montane) species, but more species of semi-dry grasslands. They are species rich and less prone to degradation that is caused by intensive fertilisation. These meadows also comprise several protected species (Anon. 2004), such as Orchis ustulata, O. morio, O. tridentata, Lilium bulbiferum, Listera ovata and Dactylorhiza fuchsii. Povzetek V letu 2014 smo pri kartiranju habitatnih tipov v Spodnji dolini v Bohinju med Bitnjami in Ribčevim Lazom označili travnike s prevladujočo vrsto Trisetum flavescens kot habitatni tip 38. 31 (srednjeevropski gorski gojeni travniki), vendar se nam ta oznaka ni zdela najbolj ustrezna. Naslednje leto, 2015, smo te travnike fitocenološko popisali. Podobne travnike smo opazili in popisali tudi v hribovju Banjšic nad srednjo Soško dolino in ponekod drugod v prigorju Julijskih Alp in v Trnovskem gozdu. Vse te popise smo uredili v fitocenološko tabelo in njihovo vrstno sestavo primerjali z vrstno sestavo sestojev asociacij Astrantio-Trisetetum, Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (Petras Sackl et al. 2012), Ranuncolo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum (Čarni 2003) in s sestoji montanske forme asociacije Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum (Poldini in Oriolo 1994). Primerjavo smo izvedli s hierarhično klasifikacijo, ob upoštevanju frekvence vrst in zgolj prisotnosti ali odsotnosti vrst. Primerjane združbe smo analizirali tudi po sestavi skupin diagnostičnih vrst. Na podlagi navedenih analiz ugotavljamo, da uvrstitev preučenih sestojev v asociaciji Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum ali Astrantio-Trisetetum zaradi odsotnosti njunih diagnostičnih vrst ni mogoča. Po prisotnosti diagnostičnih vrst in (ali) celotni floristični podobnosti bi te sestoje mogli uvrstiti v asociacijo Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum ali v montansko formo asociacije Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum. Ob upoštevanju prevladujoče vrste teh travišč, Trisetum flave-scens, njihove vrstne sestave in razširjenosti v spodnjem gorskem pasu, smo se odločili za njihovo poimenovanje po prevladujoči vrsti in jih uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis. Označuje vrstno bogata travišča na nekdanj ih nj ivah z razmeroma plitvimi tlemi, v katerih prevladuje rumenkasti ovsenec, a v njihovi sestavi še ni vrst, ki so značilne za zgornji gorski pas, pač pa več vrst polsuhih travišč. Obravnavana travišča so značilna za spodnji gorski pas v območju bukovih gozdov iz ilirske zvezeAremonio-Fagion. Diagnostične vrste nove asociacije so Trisetum flavescens,Helictotrichon pubescens, Rhinanthus freynii, Medicago lu-pulina, Ranunculus bulbosus in Plantago media. Po tipologiji palearktičnih habitatnih tipov (P. Devillers-Terschuren in J. Devillers-Terschuren 1998, 2002) preučene travnike uvrščamo v nov habitatni tip jugovzhodnoalpski-severnoilirski spodnjegorski gojeni travniki - 38.239-S1. Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 41 Acknowledgements In our field work we were assisted by Branko Zupan and Iztok Sajko. Two anonymous reviewers helped us with valuable improvements and corrections. English translation by Andreja Šalamon Verbič. References Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Moser, D. M.,Theurillat, J.-P., 2004. Flora alpina. Bd. 1, 2, 3. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1159 pp., 1188 pp., 322 pp. Anonymous, 2004. Uredba o zavarovanih prosto živečih rastlinskih vrstah. Uradni list RS 46/2004. Braun-Blanquet, J., 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3. Auflage. Springer, Wien - New York. 865 pp. Cegnar, T., 1998. Temperatura zraka. In: Fridl, J., Kladnik, D., Orožen Adamič, M., Perko, D. (eds.): Geografski atlas Slovenije. Država v prostoru in času. 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Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana. pp. 98-99. 42 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Table 1 (Preglednical): Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 245813 257007 258234 245826 245880 254991 245944 245948 245945 Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 730 716 620 760 550 500 700 620 695 Aspect (Lega) S SE SW SW NW 0 SE E S Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 10 10 5 5 5 0 10 10 5 Parent material (Matična podlaga) DRG AL AF DRG D Pr Gr ALR Gr Soil (Tla) Eu Eu Eu Eu Eu Re Re CC Re Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number of species (Število vrst) 53 46 51 44 53 46 51 49 43 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2 1 5 1 0 5 1 2 1 2 1 0 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 20 IJO 2 3 20 20 ^ 2 3" 1 20 "9" 20 5" 20 5" 20 5" ùo" LT) to" to" 6" 6" 6" 6" 6" Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) ■.c v o Coordinate GK X (D-48) (N O Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) MA Trisetum flavescens E1 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 MA Helictotrichon pubescens E1 + 2 2 1 1 4 3 3 FB Medicago lupulina E1 + 1 + 1 + + + FB Rhinanthusfreynii E1 1 2 1 3 2 3 + 1 FB Plantago media E1 1 + + + 1 + 1 m m + UJ UJ + + INJ INJ + w ^ W H M NJ P W M 5118810 5108118 5114306 5105505 5096354 5125447 5125214 5089654 5125300 5125231 5125397 5125180 5125606 5125514 5125127 414643 402617 413300 402020 417860 418443 418418 415021 417973 418143 418008 417754 418008 418599 417494 9749/3 9848/3 9849/1 9948/1 9949/4 9749/2 9749/2 0049/3 9749/2 9749/2 9749/2 9749/2 9749/2 9749/2 9749/2 Rut nad Baško dolino Banjšice -Levpa - Testeni Koritnica v Baški dolini Banjšice -Kuprušče - Sv. Tomaž Vojsko - Gnezda Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Predmeja - Podkaplice-Polh Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava Bohinjska Bistrica-Dobrava CO on _ on l-> 0 Ln m OJ d Ln m o u > ui g S O O O INJ on en 245946 258389 245949 258230 254787 258515 258517 254984 258507 258513 258510 258512 258514 258516 258511 er y 44_Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FB Ranunculus bulbosus E1 + 1 + 1 + + Differential species of lower units (Razlikovalnice nižjih enot) FB Polygala comosa E1 + + + + 1 1 FB Bromopsis erecta E1 + 1 + + + 1 + FB Brachypodium rupestre E1 2 + 2 1 + + + MA Lathyrus pratensis E1 1 + 1 1 CU Rhinanthus minor E1 + 1 MA Lychnis flos-cuculi E1 1 ... Arrhenatheretalia, MolinioMA Arrhenatheretaa , Leucanthemum ircutianum E1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Arrhenatherum elatius E1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 Ranunculus acris E1 1 + + 1 1 + 1 1 Leontodon hispidus E1 1 + 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 Rumex acetosa E1 + + + 1 1 1 + 1 Dactylis glomerata E1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 Galium mollugo agg. (G. album) E1 1 + + 1 + + + + Trifolium pratense E1 1 1 1 + 1 2 2 Poa pratensis E1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Holcus lanatus E1 2 4 3 + 1 1 1 + Knautia arvensis E1 1 3 2 2 2 3 Lotus corniculatus E1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 Plantago lanceolata E1 + + + + 1 1 + + + Pimpinella major E1 + + + + 2 1 2 Cerastium holosteoides E1 + 1 + 1 + 1 1 + Achillea millefolium E1 + + + 1 + + Festuca pratensis E1 + + + + + 2 + 1 + Centaurea jacea E1 2 + + 1 2 1 Cynosurus cristatus E1 + + + + 1 Trifolium repens E1 + 1 + + + + + Daucus carota E1 + 1 + + + 1 + Lolium perenne E1 + + + Tragopogon pratense subsp. orientalis E1 1 1 1 + + 1 + Festuca rubra E1 1 2 1 1 + Crepis biennis E1 + + 1 1 1 Vicia cracca E1 1 + + 1 + + Veronica chamaedrys E1 + + Campanula patula E1 1 + Taraxacum officinale agg. E1 + Heracleum sphondylium E1 + + + + Allium scorodoprasum E1 1 + + Ajuga reptans E1 + Stellaria graminea E1 + + Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 45 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Pr. Fr. + . . . . . .+.+.+.+ 11 46 + 1 + 9 38 2 8 33 7 29 + + + 7 29 + 2 1 1 1 2 + 1 10 42 + 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 9 38 1 1 1 + + + + + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 24 100 4 1 1 3 3 4 3 3 1 2 2 2 + 1 2 23 96 1 2 1 + + + 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 23 96 2 + 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 22 92 1 + + + 1 + + + + 1 1 1 + 1 22 92 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 22 92 + + + + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 + 21 88 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 21 88 1 2 + + + + + 2 2 1 + + + 1 20 83 + 2 + 2 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 19 79 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 2 1 19 79 2 1 1 1 + + + + 1 1 + + 19 79 + 1 + + + + + + + 1 19 79 1 + 1 1 1 + + 1 + + + + 19 79 + 1 1 + + 1 + 1 1 + 19 76 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 + + + + + 1 19 76 1 + 1 + 1 + + 1 17 71 2 + 1 1 1 + + 1 1 1 + 17 71 1 2 + 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 16 67 1 1 + 1 + + + 14 58 + + + + + + + 14 58 + 1 + 1 + 1 + + 1 1 + 14 58 1 1 1 + + 1 13 54 + 1 1 + 1 + 2 12 50 1 1 1 1 + + + 12 50 1 + 1 9 38 + 1 + + 1 + + 9 38 + + + + + 1 8 33 1 + 1 2 1 1 + 8 33 + + + 7 29 + + + + 7 29 + + + + + 6 25 1 1 + + 6 25 46 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 123456789 Carum carvi Prunella vulgaris Vicia sepium Poa trivialis Euphrasia rostkoviana Medicago sativa Bellis perennis Carex hirta Bromus hordeaceus Achillea roseoalba Agropyron repens Phleum pratense Pastinaca sativa Trifolium campestre Anthriscus sylvestris Alchemilla xanthochlora Alopecurus pratensis Festuca arundinacea Alchemilla vulgaris Veronica serpyllifolia Trifolium patens Ornithogalum umbellatum E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 1.. 1.+ +1 Mo Molinietalia caeruleae Colchicum autumnale E1 1 + 1 + + + Centaurea carniolica E1 Primula elatior E1 + Primula x digenea E1 + Equisetum arvense E1 + Betonica officinalis E1 PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Anthoxanthum odoratum E1 1 2 1 + + + + Agrostis capillaris E1 + + Ranunculus nemorosus E1 MuA Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 FB Brometalia erecti, Festuco-Brometea Salvia pratensis E1 2 1 3 + 3 3 2 Briza media E1 2 1 1 + 2 1 Thymus pulegioides E1 1 1 + + 1 + + + Carex caryophyllea E1 + + + + Pimpinella saxifraga E1 + + 1 + Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris E1 + 1 1 Festuca rupicola E1 + 1 1 Orobanche gracilis E1 + 1 + Arabis hirsuta E1 + + + + + + Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 47 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Pr. 25 21 21 21 13 13 13 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 111 + 54 8 4 4 4 4 122 71 29 13 4 . + + 1 + + . + 75 50 38 33 29 25 21 21 17 1 1 + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + 2 1 + 1 3 + + + + 1 1 1 7 + 2 + ++ 1 1 2 8 + + + 2 + ++ + + + ++ + + 48 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Sanguisorba minor s. lat. El + Silene nutans El + Buphthalmum salicifolium El Filipendula vulgaris El Koeleria pyramidata El l Orchis ustulata El + Hieracium bauhinii El + Linum catharticum El l Knautia illyrica El Peucedanum oreoselinum El Orchis tridentata El Ranunculus polyanthemophyllus El Trifolium montanum El Centaurea scabiosa subsp. fritschii El Arenaria serpyllifolia El Cirsium erisithales El Anthyllis vulneraria El Carex montana El Thlaspi praecox El Galium verum El Danthonia alpina El l Scabiosa triandra El + Genista tinctoria El Festuca valesiaca El Campanula rapunculus El Cirsium pannonicum El Helianthemum ovatum El Orchis morio El Gymnadenia conopsea El Campanula glomerata El Campanula rotundifolia El Medicago falcata El Euphorbia verrucosa El Carlina acaulis El Gentianella ciliata El Ononis spinosa El CU Calluno-Ulicetea Luzula campestris El + l Carex pallescens El 2 l Veronica officinalis El + + Chamaespartium sagittale El l Polygala vulgaris El + Potentilla erecta El + Phyteuma zahlbruckneri El l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + + + Dakskobler, Seliskar: Hay meadows with Trisetumflavescens 49 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Pr. 4 17 4 17 3 13 3 13 3 13 3 13 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 11 45 5 21 2 8 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 50 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 123456789 Festuca filiformis El TG Trifolio-Geranietea Viola hirta El Clinopodium vulgare El Dianthus barbatus El Hypericum perforatum El Astragalus glycyphyllos El Campanula rapunculoides El Verbascum nigrum El Thalictrum minus El Lilium bulbiferum El CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex panicea El . . SM Stellarietea mediae, Galio-Urticetea Erigeron annuus El . . . + + . . + + Myosotis arvensis El . . Veronica arvensis El . . Convolvulus arvensis El . . . . + . Silene latifolia subsp. alba El . . Vicia hirsuta El . . . . + . Aegopodium podagraria El . . . + Rumex obtusifolius El . . Plantago major El . . EA Epilobietea angustifolii Carex muricata El . . + Myosotis sylvatica El . . Cirsium arvense El . . FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Knautia drymeia El Carex sylvatica El Primula vulgaris El Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum El + + l QF Querco-Fagetea Cruciata glabra Carexflacca Listera ovata Dactylorhiza fuchsii Ornithogalum pyrenaicum El El El El El O Other species (Ostale vrste) Alchemilla sp. Orobanche sp. Agrostis sp. Knautia sp. El El El El + + + + + + l + l + + l + + + + + + Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 51 10 11 12 1B 14 1S 16 17 1B 19 20 21 22 2B 24 Pr. Fr. ..............+ 14 ..............+ B 1B +..............B 1B +..............B 1B ...............2 B . . . +...........2 B +..............2 B .....+.........14 ......+........14 .......+.......14 + .14 + . 1 +...........7 29 . +......1 + . + + . + 6 2S .....+ ...1. + + + .S21 +..............2 B .....+ +........2 B ...............1 4 ...............1 4 .....+.........14 ........+......14 ..............1 4 +.............14 . . +...........14 . . +..........S 21 1............2 B .............1 4 . . +..........14 ..............+ S 21 ........+.....+ B 1B . . + . +..........2 B ...............1 4 +..............14 ...............1 4 ...............1 4 ...............1 4 +..............14 52 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Legend - Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea KC Koelerio-Corynophoretea A Limestone - apnenec D Dolomite - dolomit Gr Gravel - grušč Pr Alluvium - prod L Marlstone - laporovec G Claystone - glinavec R Chert - roženec Mo Till - til Eu Eutric brown soil - evtrična rjava tla CC Chromoc Cambisols - rjava pokarbonatna tla Re Rendzina - rendzina Table 2: Synoptic table of Trisetum flavescens and Arrhenatherum elatius dominating (sub)montane grass- lands in Slovenia and NE Italy Preglednica 2: Sintezna tabela (sub)montanskih travnikov s prevladujočima vrstama Trisetum flavescens in Arrhenatherum elatius v Sloveniji in severovzhodni Italiji Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 24 10 7 44 47 Number of taxa (Število taksonov) 166 120 71 191 147 Sign for the syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) RfT CcA RbA AT PA Author (Avtor) DS PO Č PS PS Diagnostic species of the association Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum (Diagnostične vrste asocacije) MA Trisetum flavescens E1 100 90 86 98 91 MA Helictotrichon pubescens E1 88 50 43 68 15 FB Medicago lupulina E1 79 30 30 45 FB Rhinanthus freynii E1 75 30 84 21 FB Plantago media E1 71 70 48 26 FB Ranunculus bulbosus E1 46 100 25 Diagnostic species of the association Centaureo-Arrhenatheretum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) MA Pimpinella major E1 79 100 43 27 9 MA Knautia arvensis E1 79 70 57 27 57 Mo Colchicum autumnale E1 54 60 48 9 MA Heracleum sphondylium E1 33 80 25 74 FB Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris E1 25 80 27 36 Mo Centaurea carniolica E1 8 50 MA Anthriscus sylvestris E1 4 60 EA Myosotis sylvatica E1 4 40 Diagnostic species of the association Ranúnculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) FB Salvia pratensis E1 75 90 75 49 FB Ranunculus bulbosus E1 46 100 25 Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 53 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) FB Carex caryophyllea El 33 FB Pimpinella saxifraga El 29 43 55 46 FB Silene nutans El l7 l0 29 20 30 TG Clinopodium vulgare El l3 20 l6 ll FB Carex montana El 8 5 2 FB Linum catharticum El 8 l0 5 FB Trifolium montanum El 8 30 l4 5 4 FB Carlina acaulis El 4 20 27 9 KC Lychnis viscaria El l4 Diagnostic species of the association Astrantio MA Astrantia major FB Carex montana FB Linum catharticum QF Listera ovata Trisetetum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) El . . . El 8 . . El 8 10 . El 8 10 . 61 5 5 5 Diagnostic species of the association Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) MA Arrhenatherum elatius El 96 l00 l00 57 79 MA Campanula patula El 33 30 29 27 32 MA Pastinaca sativa El 4 40 5 87 MA Geranium pratense El 5 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Leucanthemum ircutianum El l00 60 43 89 89 Ranunculus acris El 96 l00 l00 32 34 Leontodon hispidus El 92 90 57 66 96 Rumex acetosa El 92 l00 57 ll l5 Dactylis glomerata El 92 70 29 98 85 Galium mollugo agg. (G. album) El 88 80 29 66 55 Trifolium pratense El 88 l00 86 55 83 Poa pratensis El 83 40 29 l8 32 Holcus lanatus El 79 30 86 48 72 Lotus corniculatus El 79 80 57 82 87 Plantago lanceolata El 79 80 57 52 89 Achillea millefolium El 76 80 43 86 55 Cerastium holosteoides El 76 60 29 Festuca pratensis El 7l 70 43 4l 68 Centaureajacea El 7l 43 84 70 Cynosurus cristatus El 67 l0 l4 23 28 Trifolium repens El 58 50 l4 l6 Daucus carota El 58 l0 ll 32 Lolium perenne El 58 5 l7 Tragopogon pratense subsp. orientalis El 54 80 l00 52 62 Festuca rubra El 50 40 86 36 l9 Crepis biennis El 50 40 34 38 Lychnis flos-cuculi El 38 l4 23 4 Vicia cracca El 38 90 77 9l l 2 3 4 5 54 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Successive number (Zaporedna stevilka) 1 2 3 4 5 Veronica chamaedrys E1 38 70 71 45 13 Campanula patula E1 33 30 29 27 32 Taraxacum officinale E1 33 50 43 18 13 Allium scorodoprasum E1 29 Lathyrus pratensis E1 29 80 57 43 Stellaria graminea E1 25 10 14 93 70 Ajuga reptans E1 25 10 5 38 Carum carvi E1 25 70 Prunella vulgaris E1 21 20 64 40 Poa trivialis E1 21 14 16 6 Bellis perennis E1 21 93 30 Vicia sepium E1 21 40 7 Euphrasia rostkoviana E1 13 10 30 Medicago sativa E1 13 10 4 Achillea roseoalba E1 8 20 Bromus hordeaceus E1 8 14 7 34 Carex hirta E1 8 14 Phleum pratense E1 8 18 62 Agropyron repens E1 8 6 Alchemilla xanthochlora E1 4 60 50 19 Ornithogalum umbellatum E1 4 20 Pastinaca sativa E1 4 40 5 87 Alopecurus pratensis E1 4 29 20 11 Festuca arundinacea E1 4 Plantago major E1 4 2 4 Trifolium campestre E1 4 11 23 Alchemilla vulgaris E1 4 Trifolium patens E1 4 Veronica serpyllifolia E1 4 Viola tricolor E1 30 7 2 Agrostis stolonifera E1 10 Orobanche minor E1 10 Senecio gaudinii E1 10 Moenchia mantica E1 14 Senecio jacobea E1 14 Symphytum officinale E1 14 100 Astrantia major E1 61 2 Deschampsia cespitosa E1 16 17 Phleum phleoides E1 47 Ranunculus repens E1 23 Lolium multiflorum E1 4 MC Molinietalia caeruleae Betonica officinalis E1 4 10 14 34 4 Carex panicea E1 4 Primula elatior E1 4 Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 55 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Primula x digenea E1 4 Equisetum arvense E1 4 14 11 4 Herminium monorchis E1 14 Sanguisorba officinalis E1 14 Cirsium oleraceum E1 75 21 Inula salicina E1 23 2 Valeriana officinalis E1 14 Molinia caerulea E1 7 4 Alchemilla glabra E1 5 Succisa pratensis E1 5 PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Anthoxanthum odoratum E1 71 50 71 80 72 Agrostis capillaris E1 29 20 Ranunculus nemorosus E1 13 4 Trollius europaeus E1 70 16 Poa alpina E1 10 5 Campanula scheuchzeri E1 66 FB Festuco-Brometea Briza media E1 50 50 57 91 64 Polygala comosa E1 38 2 Thymus pulegioides E1 38 20 48 6 Bromopsis erecta E1 33 86 62 Brachypodium rupestre E1 29 20 2 4 Festuca rupicola E1 21 10 43 Orobanche gracilis E1 21 10 Arabis hirsuta E1 17 10 Sanguisorba minor s. lat. E1 17 20 16 23 Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 13 10 55 Filipendula vulgaris E1 13 43 20 11 Koeleria pyramidata E1 13 10 Orchis ustulata E1 13 2 Anthyllis vulneraria E1 8 61 23 Centaurea scabiosa s. lat. E1 8 27 11 Cirsium erisithales E1 8 10 Galium verum E1 8 57 57 43 Hieracium bauhinii E1 8 14 5 11 Knautia illyrica E1 8 Orchis tridentata E1 8 Peucedanum oreoselinum E1 8 71 Ranunculus polyanthemophyllus E1 8 Thlaspi praecox E1 8 Campanula rapunculus E1 4 Campanula glomerata E1 4 10 25 51 Campanula rotundifolia E1 4 90 2 Cirsium pannonicum E1 4 5 2 56 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Danthonia alpina E1 4 Euphorbia verrucosa E1 4 Festuca valesiaca E1 4 Genista tinctoria E1 4 Gentianella ciliata E1 4 Gymnadenia conopsea E1 4 10 39 6 Helianthemum ovatum E1 4 30 9 Medicago falcata E1 4 2 2 Ononis spinosa E1 4 5 11 Orchis morio E1 4 Scabiosa triandra E1 4 14 4 Gentianella germanica E1 10 9 Thesium linophyllon E1 43 Euphorbia cyparissias E1 14 34 4 Prunella grandiflora E1 43 9 Allium carinatum E1 32 11 Cuscuta epythimum E1 25 9 Dianthus hyssopifolius E1 25 Asperula cynanchica E1 18 Scabiosa columbaria E1 7 2 Senecio integrifolius E1 7 Carlina vulgaris E1 5 2 Gentiana cruciata E1 5 Melica ciliata E1 5 Veronica teucrium E1 5 34 Galium lucidum E1 9 Centaurium erythrea E1 4 KC Koelerio-Corynophoretea Arenaria serpyllifolia E1 8 Sedum sexangulare E1 20 Thlaspi perfoliatum E1 10 Dianthus deltoides E1 14 Poa compressa E1 14 Petrorhagia saxifraga E1 11 4 Sedum reflexum E1 13 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Scorzonera rosea E1 10 Acinos alpinus E1 10 Betonica alopecurus E1 10 Carduus defloratus E1 10 20 Euphrasia picta E1 10 20 Galium anysophyllum E1 10 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 10 Biscutella laevigata E1 48 Polygonum viviparum E1 16 2 Ranunculus carinthiacus E1 34 Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 57 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Ranunculus montanus E1 7 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 5 Knautia longifolia E1 5 2 Caricetalia davallianae Tofieldia calyculata E1 32 Astrantia carniolica E1 16 Parnassia palustris E1 7 Calluno-Ulicetea Luzula campestris E1 45 71 66 30 Rhinanthus minor E1 42 10 57 Carex pallescens E1 21 18 4 Veronica officinalis E1 8 2 Chamaespartium sagittale E1 4 29 5 9 Festuca filiformis E1 4 Phyteuma zahlbruckneri E1 4 30 32 4 Polygala vulgaris E1 4 30 19 Potentilla erecta E1 4 10 14 82 17 Galium pumilum E1 20 Luzula multiflora E1 20 Rumex acetosella E1 29 52 28 Carex leporina E1 14 Hypochoeris radicata E1 14 Arnica montana E1 18 Leontodon helveticus E1 16 4 Nardus stricta E1 7 38 Holcus mollis E1 7 4 Carex pilulifera E1 7 Campanula barbata E1 5 Antennaria dioica E1 2 Calluna vulgaris E1 2 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Dianthus barbatus E1 13 30 2 2 Viola hirta E1 13 Astragalus glycyphyllos E1 8 Campanula rapunculoides E1 8 2 Hypericum perforatum E1 8 10 14 18 26 Lilium bulbiferum E1 4 10 11 2 Thalictrum minus E1 4 Verbascum nigrum E1 4 Vicia incana E1 40 Annthericum ramosum E1 10 20 4 Vicia sylvatica E1 10 Hieracium umbellatum E1 14 Trifolium alpestre E1 75 21 Trifolium medium E1 70 83 58 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Laserpitium latifolium E1 14 6 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria E1 14 . Lilium carniolicum E1 7. Origanum vulgare E1 54 Polygonatum odoratum E1 5. Trifolium rubens E1 5. MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 4 11 2 Carduus carduelis E1 34 . Chaerophyllum aureum E1 70 Chaerophyllum hirsutum E1 70 14 9 Geranium sylvaticum E1 60 Hypericum maculatum E1 10 Lathyrus occidentalis E1 10 Phyteuma ovatum E1 10 45 9 Silene dioica E1 10 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1 5. EA Epilobietea angustifolii Carex muricata E1 4 Cirsium arvense E1 4 24 Fragaria vesca E1 14 Carex spicata E1 5. GU Galio-Urticetea Aegopodium podagraria E1 4 20 Lamium album E1 20 Cirsium eriophorum E1 24 Salvia verticillata E1 26 SM Stellarietea mediae Erigeron annuus E1 28 29 7 26 Myosotis arvensis E1 24 Veronica arvensis E1 20 10 29 Convolvulus arvensis E1 8 2 32 Silene latifolia subsp. alba E1 8 10 Rumex obtusifolius E1 4 14 79 Vicia hirsuta E1 4 10 Vicia sativa E1 10 Capsella bursa-pastoris E1 14 30 Vaccaria pyramidata E1 24 Poa annua E1 . 32 Potentilla reptans E1 . 60 EP Erico-Pinetea Aquilegia atrata E1 30 Knautia ressmanii E1 10 Polygala chamaebuxus E1 . 6 Dakskobler, Seliškar: Hay meadows with Trisetum flavescens 59 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Deschampsia flexuosa Luzula luzuloides Maianthemum bifolium Calamagrostis arundinacea Gentiana asclepiadea Luzula luzulina FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Knautia drymeia Carex sylvatica Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum Campanula trachelium Lilium martagon Helleborus niger Melica nutans QF Querco-Fagetea Cruciata glabra Carexflacca Listera ovata Dactylorhiza fuchsii Ornithogalum pyrenaicum Primula vulgaris Aquilegia vulgaris Primula veris Crocus vernus Melampyrum pratense Serratula tinctoria Chamaecytisus supinus O Other species (Druge vrste) Agrostis sp. Alchemilla sp. Knautia sp. Orobanche sp. Achillea sp. Sedum sp. Aquilegia sp. El El El El El El El 2l El 8 El 4 El El El El El 2l El l3 El 8 El 4 El 4 El 4 El El El El El El El 4 El 4 El 4 El 4 El El El l0 l0 20 l0 20 20 29 43 l4 9 7 5 5 80 27 5 l8 32 l6 5 38 ll 5 5 ll 30 23 7 l9 77 87 96 9. 72 23 l7 89 l 2 3 4 5 4 Legend - Legenda RfT Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum, this article (ta članek); CcA Centaureo carniolicae-Arrhenatheretum f. montana, Poldini and Oriolo 1994, Table 1, rel. 13-22; RbA - Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, Čarni 2003, Table 1, rel. 1-7; AT - Astrantio-Trisetetum, Petras Sackl et al. 2012, Table 1; PA - Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum, Petras Sackl et al. 20l2, Table 2. DS Dakskobler, Seliškar PO Poldini, Oriolo Č Čarni PS Petras Sackl et al. 60 Acta Biologica Slovenica, 58 (2), 2015 Table 3: Phytosociological structure of Trisetum flavescens and Arrhenatherum elatius dominating (sub)montane grasslands in Slovenia and NE Italy (relative frequencies) Preglednica 3: Sestava po diagnostičnih vrstah v (sub)montanskih travnikih s prevladujočima vrstama Trisetum flavescens in Arrhenatherum elatius v Sloveniji in severovzhodni Italiji (relativne frekvence) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 24 10 7 44 47 Sign for the syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) RfT CcA RbA AT PA Author (Avtor) DS PO Č PS PS Molinio-Arrhenatheretea 62 59 SO 40 58 Molinietalia caeruleae 1,9 2,8 2,1 4,3 1,1 Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia 2,7 3,5 2,6 3,2 1,9 Festuco-Brometea 22 1S 2O 24 18 Koelerio-Corynophoretea 0,2 0,7 1,6 0,2 0,4 Elyno-Seslerietea, Caricetalia davallianae 0,1 1,6 0 4,1 0,1 Calluno-Ulicetea 3,2 2,1 8,5 S,8 4 Trifolio-Geranietea 1,8 3,1 1 5,1 4,1 Mulgedio-Aconitetea 0,1 5,6 0 2,1 0,5 Epilobietea angustifolii 0,3 0,9 0,5 0,1 0,1 Stellarietea mediae, Galio-Urticetea 2,6 1,9 2,7 0,7 5,2 Vaccinio-Piceetea, Erico-Pinetea 0 0,9 0 1,6 0,8 Fagetalia sylvaticae 0,9 0,5 0 2 2,4 Querco-Fagetea 1,2 1,6 1,1 4,7 3,4 Other species (Druge vrste) 0,4 0 0 1,4 0,5 Skupaj (Total) 100 100 100 100 100 Legend - Legenda See Table 2 (glej preglednico 2)