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2oo5/1
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Slika 1: Raziskava - stanovanjsko območje Rakovnik v Ljubljani.
Research - organised multi-residental area at Rakovnik in Ljubljana.
Slika 2: Rakovnik - prostorske analize, študentska delavnica 2001. Rakovnik - spatial analysis, student workshop 2001. P. Hudobivnik, J. Vaniè, M. Novina, K. Šrot, I. Gantar, A. Uršič, N.
Slika 3: Shema "matrike" za obdelavo podatkov.
Scheme of the data processing matrix. Kremžar, 2001.
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2oo5/1
TomaŽ Novljan
CILJI - MATRICA - UKREPI: STANOVANJSKO OBMOÈJE RAKOVNIK GOALS MATRIX MEASURES: THE RESIDENTIAL AREA RAKOVNIK
raziskava, research
povzetek
Velik del slovenskega stanovanjskega fonda predstavljajo objekti, ki datirajo v petdeseta in šestdeseta leta prejšnjega stoletja. Globalne spremembe, sprememba družbene ureditve in kulture bivanja, sodobni stanovanjski standardi in zakonodaja s področja gradbeništva zahtevajo ukrepe, ki bi obstoječe stanovanjske objekte prilagodili moderni rabi. Zaradi specifičnosti posameznih stanovanjskih naselij in posameznih večstanovanjskih objektov je potrebno izdelati univerzalen sistem vrednotenja in iz tega izhajajoč sistem prenovitvenih ukrepov. Sistem bi upošteval materialne in nematerialne danosti posameznih okolij, v katerih se nahajajo stanovanjski objekti, jih analiziral ter na podlagi tega predlagal ukrepe za prenovo. Posamezne danosti in potrebne spremembe so obravnavane z več različnih vidikov, ki so med seboj primerljivi. To generira posebno matriko, ki s pomočjo vrednotenja in medsebojne primerjave vhodnih podatkov išče primerne povezave in iz tega izhajajoče možne ukrepe.
doseženi cilji, namen in rezultati
Prikaz možnosti za izdelavo univerzalnega sistema primerjav materialnih (naravnih in grajenih) ter nematerialnih danosti izbranega stanovanjskega okolja na podlagi medsebojne primerjave in smiselnosti različnih ukrepov prenove kolektivnih stanovanjskih ambientov.
Doseči pozitiven odnos do možnosti izboljšave in s tem ohranitve vrednosti obstoječega stanovanjskega fonda. Dvigniti nivo bivalne kulture "povprečnega" stanovalca. Stanovanjskim območjem omogočiti trajnosten razvoj, prilagodljivost spremembam, pozitiven odnos do ožjega in širšega naravnega okolja v katerem se nahajajo. Vzpostaviti enotnejša merila za vrednotenje stanja in instrumente za izvedbo potrebnih posegov v prostor. Pripomoček načrtovalcem in oblikovalcem stanovanjske politike in zakonodaje. Preizkusni instrument za izvedbo predhodnih "laboratorijskih" študij brez pretiranega in včasih tveganega vključevanja, tj. vznemirjanja neposrednih uporabnikov izbranega prostora. Osnova za dopolnjevanje in prilagajanje prostorskih meril.
problematika v arhitekturi, umestitev obravnavane teme v te tokove in njen pomen
Predmet obravnave predstavljajo neurejene razmere prenove stanovanjskega fonda v Sloveniji in vpliv le-teh na arhitekturne vidike prenove kot poseben problem. Namen reševanja tega problema pa pomeni povezovanje arhitekturnih vidikov v smislu trajnostnega razvoja bivalnega okolja pri nas. Prenoviteljska praksa naj bi prestopila prag površnih, "kozmetičnih" posegov in vstopila v prostor celostnih, konceptualnih rešitev, s ciljem povečati stopnjo celovitosti tudi z arhitekturnega vidika. V nalogi uporabljena metoda temelji na razčlenitvi in analizi podatkov SURS in njihovi primerjavi s podobnimi relevantnimi študijami. Predlog sinteznih ukrepov sledi iz ocene trenutnih razmer in oblikovanja gradbeno arhitekturnih usmeritev v povezavi z arhitekturno-urbanističnimi, gradbeno-tehničnimi in družbeno-prostorskimi. Stanje, obseg in starost slovenskega stanovanjskega fonda tako rezultira v nujnosti potrebe po prenovi z arhitekturnih vidikov in kot tak predstavlja praktično uporaben prispevek k sistemskim ukrepom prenove.
ključne besede
matrika, nivoji, prenova, stanovanja, ukrepi, zgradbe
summary
A significant share of the Slovene housing stock is represented by buildings dating to the 50s and 60s of the last century. Global changes, changes of social order and living culture, contemporary housing standards and legislature dealing with building demand measures, which would adapt the extant residential buildings to modern use. Because of the specifics of particular housing estates and independent multi-apartment buildings a universal system for evaluation has to be devised with a corresponding system of rehabilitation measures. The system would respect material and immaterial features of the particular environments with residential buildings, analyse them and suggest rehabilitation measures. Particular features and necessary changes are tackledfrom various mutually comparative aspects. Thus a special matrix is generated, which uses evaluation and mutual comparison of input data to search for suitable connections andpossible resultant measures.
intentions, goals and results
To show possibilities for devising a universal system for comparing material (natural and built) and immaterial features of a selected residential environment, which are based on mutual comparisons and sensibility of various measures for renovating collective residential places. To achieve a positive attitude for the opportunity of refurbishment and corresponding preservation of value of the extant housing stock. To raise the level of residential culture of "average"occupants. Ensure sustainable development, adaptability to changes, positive attitudes to wider and immediate natural environments for the residential area's surroundings. To establish harmonised measures for evaluating the condition, as well as instruments for implementation of necessary interventions. And aid to planners and designers of housing policies and legislature. Testing instrumentfor conducting preliminary "laboratory" studies without exhaustive and sometimes risky inclusion, i.e. bothering, of immediate users of a selected place. Basis for amending and adaptingplanningmeasures.
architectural issues, positioning the topic in ongoing debate and its' significance
The researched subject is the disorganised condition for renewal of the housing stock in Slovenia and its effect on architectural aspects of renewal as a special issue. The purpose of resolving the issue means integrating architectural aspects, in the sense ofsustainable development of living environments in Slovenia. The practises of renewal should exceed the present level of superficial "cosmetic " interventions and enter the space of comprehensive, conceptual solutions, whose intent is to increase the level of comprehensiveness, even from the architectural aspect. The applied method is based on structuring and analysis of official statistical data their comparison with similar relevant studies. The proposed synthesised measures follow from the assessment of present conditions with formulation ofarchitectural-engineering guidelines in conjunction with architectural-urbanistic, engineering-technical and social-spatial guidelines. From the architectural aspects, the age, scope and extent of the Slovene housing stock thus result in necessary renewal, also confirming the research's practical contribution to the system of renewal measures.
key words
matrix, levels, renewal, housing, measures, buildings.