ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, DECEMBER 2015 Vol. 23, št. 2: 93-104
PARAPROPUS JASMINKOISP. N., A NEW LEPTODIRINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE, CHOLEVINAE) FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Slavko Polak
Notranjski muzej Postojna, Kolodvorska c. 3, SI-6230 Postojna, Slovenia
Abstract - New species of leptodirine beetle Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n. is described from ütlovica pecina on Čemernica planina in Northern Bosnia. Identification key to similar small species that share short pronotum, P. brevicollis Müller, P. nonveilleri Müller and P vitorogensis Curčic S., Pešic & Curčic B.P.M. is provided.
Key words: Leptodirini, Parapropus, new species, troglobiont, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Izvleček - PARAPROPUS JASMINKOI SP. N., NOVA VRSTA HROŠČA PODZEMLJARJA (COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE, CHOLEVINAE) IZ BOSNE IN
Hercegovine
Opisana je nova vrsta hrošča podzemljaj Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n., odkrita v jami ütlovica pecina na planini Čemernica v severni Bosni. Podan je ključ za določanje podobnih vrst tega rodu, P brevicollis Müller, P nonveilleri Müller in P. vitorogensis Curčic S., Pešic in Curčic B.P.M., za katere je značilen kratek ovratnik.
Ključne besede: Leptodirini, Parapropus, nova vrsta, troglobiont, Bosna in Hercegovina.
Introduction
Soon after discovery and description of the first cave beetle Leptodirus hochenwartii from Postojnska jama by Ferdinand Schmidt on 1832 (Polak, 2005), he found and described similar species under the name Leptoderus sericeus (Schmidt, 1852), from Slugova jama in Dolenjsko region in Slovenia. Later Hampe (1870) described another species Leptoderus intermedius from caves near Ozalj in Croatia.
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Ganglbauer (1899) established a new genus name Parapropus for this species and described third species P. ganglbaueri from caves near Glamoc in Western Bosnia. After that more new species and subspecies of the genus Parapropus have been discovered and described (Apfelbeck, 1907, 1908; Müller, 1911a, b, c; Reitter, 1914). On the basis of Parapropus specimens collected in Dragisica pecina near Smoljana by Leander Pfeifer (Sarajevo), Müller (1911a) described P brevicollis. In his short description without figures, he noticed small size (4 mm) and pronotum only slightly longer than wide which is, as well as the short head, densely and strongly punctuated and densely pubescent. He did not describe genital structures. First revision, more or less still respected today was Jeannel's (1924) who recognised five species, among them P. sericeus with five subspecies and P. ganglbaueri with two subspecies. Later Müller (1937) described additional species P insignis and P nonveilleri from cave Trljica near Mliniste in NW Bosnia and P s. augustae from Cerovacke pecine near Gracac in Croatia (Müller, 1941). He reviewed taxonomical significance of morphological characters used by Jeannel and noticed informal group "brevicollis" consisted of two small species, P. brevicollis and P. nonveilleri, both with short pronotum. On the basis of material preserved in collection of Karel Absolon three additional subspecies were described (Absolon & Maran, 1943). Quite recently, the last species P vitorogensis (Curcic et al., 2012) had been described from the Vaganska pecina near Sipovo, Mt. Vitorog in NW Bosnia, with statement of its close relation to the small "brevicollis" group of species. Currently eight Parapropus species are known, among them P. sericeus with nine subspecies and P. ganglbaueri with five subspecies distributed from southern Dinaric part of Slovenia, through Croatia to north and western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Pretner, 1968; Perreau, 2000; Curcic et al., 2012).
Materials and methods
We visited Dragisica pecina and nearby Ciganska pecina in 2004 and Trljica pecina and nearby Jama Trljica in 2007 and succeeded to collect topotypic material of two similar small species that share short pronotum. In summer 2015, Jasminko Mulaomerovic from Sarajevo gave me a specimen of an unknown leptodirine beetle collected in Otlovica pecina in Cemernica planina. Accompanied by young speleologists Ivan Napotnik and Mirko Vidovic from Banja Luka, we visited Otlovica pecina and collected additional specimens described in this paper as a new Parapropus species. Studying recently collected specimens from Otlovica pecina it became evident that the new species belongs to informal "brevicollis" group as well. Unfortunately we did not obtain P. vitorogensis specimens and in this study we referenced and used data from Curcic et al. (2012).
Beside the type series of new species, declared under new species description section, following specimens were studied, some of them dissected.
Parapropus brevicollis; Ciganska pecina, Smoljana, Bosanski Petrovac (Muratovac), B&H, 2 SS, 2 19.7.2004, Polak, S. & Trontelj, P. leg.
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Parapropus nonveilleri; Jama Trljica, kod Trljica pečine, Mlinište, Mrkonjič Grad, B&H, 19.4.2007, 5 SS, 5 $$, Polak, S. & Mihevc, A. leg.
Parapropus sericeus simplicipes; Mačkica pečina, Sitnica, Ključ, B&H, 5 5 20.7.2004, Polak, S. & Trontelj, P. leg.
Parapropus sericeus muelleri; Hrustovača, Hrustovo, Sanski Most, B&H, 5 SS, 5 14.7.2007, Polak, S. & Mihevc, A. leg.
Parapropus sericeus sericeus; Slugova jama, Dolnji Globodol, Slovenia, 2 SS, 2$$, 11.4.2007, Polak, S. leg.
Parapropus pfeiferi; Pečina uz Sanu, G. Kamičak, Sanski Most, B&H, 5 SS, 5 $$, 25.7.2004, Polak, S. & Trontelj, P. leg.
Part of the specimens were prepared as classical dried museum specimens. Some of selected specimens were dissected and studied under the microscope. Specimens were macerated in not heated 10 % KOH for 8 hours, washed in pure water and dehydrogenated in increasing ethanol concentration (50 - 96%). In concentrated ethanol specimens were dissected and studied, measured and photographed using Leica MZ7.5 stereomicroscope (0.63-5.0x). Significant morphological parts as antennae, protarsi and genital parts have been separated and immersed in glycerine or Solakryl BMX on microscope glass slides. Details have been studied, measured and photographed using Euromex ME2665 microscope (10x04, 10x10, 10x40). The photographs have been made using Nikon Coolpix 4500 digital camera and measured using "Image J" software program. Digital microscopic images were finalised to figures using Adobe Photoshop and CorelDRAW software programs. All measurements are in millimetres (mm). Voucher specimens of studied species, pinned dry and on microscopic slides, are deposited in the collection of Notranjska museum Postojna (NMPO). Two paratype specimens are deposited in Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine in Sarajevo as stated in species description.
Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n.
Type locality: Otloviča pečina (= Pečina na Visu), Marici, Otloviči, on the eastern slope of Čemernica planina on right bank of Vrbas river (not Čemernica near Glamoč), Kneževo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Map).
Type series:
Holotype (HT): S, Otloviča pečina, Mariči, Čemernica pl., Kneževo, BIH; 26.7.2015, Polak, S. leg. Pinned dry, locality printed on white label; Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n. HOLOTYPE, printed on red label, deposited in Notranjska museum Postojna, Slovenia (Inv. No. NMPO: C-4533),
Paratypes (PT): 1 S, 6 $, same data as holotype, pinned dry, partly dissected (right antennae, protarsi, genital segments) preserved on microscope slides, locality printed on white labels; Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n. PARATYPE, printed on yellow labels, deposited in Notranjska museum Postojna, Slovenia (Inv. No. NMPO: C-4534, 4535, 4536, 4537, 4538, 4539, 4540).
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Map: Map of NW Bosnia and Herzegovina with distribution of Parapropus "brevicollis" group of species and Parapropus sericeus simplicipes as the geographically closest species to the P. jasminkoi sp. n. (Map after Milanolo).
1 same data as holotype and 1 Otlovica pecina, Marici, Cemernica pl., Knezevo, BIH; 24.3.2011, Napotnik, I. & Friscic J. leg, pinned dry, not dissected, locality printed on white label, Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n. PARATYPE pinned on yellow labels, deposited in Entomological collection, Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo.
Diagnosis: Parapropus jasminkoi sp. n. differs from most other Parapropus species by smaller body size (less than 4.9 mm) and pronotum only slightly longer than wide (index pronotum length/pronotum width less than 1.25) except for the species P brevicollis, P. nonveilleri and P vitorogensis which are of similar size and have similar pronotum outline (Figs. 3 - 8). From those, new species clearly differs by male 1st protarsomere which is of prolonged trapezoidal shape, 1.70 - 1.81 times longer than wide (long 25 % of total male protarsi length) (Fig. 18) and female 1st protarsomere short (long 26 % of total female protarsi length) (Fig. 17). Among other Parapropus species new species has unique shape of male aedeagus that is in dorsal view widest at the apex (Fig. 21), tegmen in lateral view strongly curved on the apical half (Fig. 22), inner sac (endophallus) of median lobe without significant sclerotised
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Fig. 1: Parapropus jasminkoi sp.n. in Otlovica pecina (Photo: S. Polak).
structures, only with well developed strong stylus in basal part and paramere apex with three long, equally strong setae (Fig. 23).
Description: Habitus leptodiroid as in Figs.1, 2. Total body length (BL - measured with head in natural position) 4.10-4.40 mm in SS and 4.204.49 mm in	Colour yellowish in young individuals or reddish-brown (Fig. 1), antennae and legs same colour.
Head rounded, slightly less wide than pronotum, covered with decumbent pale pubescence. Mouthparts as in other Parapropus not specialised for hygropetric style of filtering water. Antennae inserted in the middle of the head. Antennae total length (AtL - from scape to terminal segment), 4.59 - 4.66 mm in SS (longer than body), 3.78 - 3.80 mm in $$ (shorter than body).
Lengths of antennomeres (AmL in mm)
SS: 0.21; 0.33; 0.35; 0.40; 0.45; 0.47; 0.50; 0.40; 0.49; 0.44; 0.56
0.21; 0.30; 0.28; 0.34; 0.42; 0.40; 0.40; 0.32; 0.38; 0.33; 0.42
jasminkoi sp.n S HOLOTYPE habitus.
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Antennomere ratio (AtL /AmL in %)
SS: 4.58; 6.85; 7.67; 8.74; 10.48; 9.86; 10.70; 8.83; 10.57; 9.67; 12.05 5.61; 7.70; 7.38; 8.62; 11.32; 10.61; 10.45; 8.44; 10.26; 8.67; 10.95 Ratio Antennae total length (AtL) / body length (Bl): 1.06 - 1.12 in SS, 0.87 -0.91 in
Pronotum in dorsal view slightly longer than wide, maximal length (PL) 0.89-0.96 mm in SS, 0.88-0.99 mm in maximal width (PW) 0.79 - 0.83 mm in SS, 0.81
-	0.92 mm in Index PL / PW 1.12 - 1.17 in SS and 1.02 - 1.21 Lateral edge rounded on anterior half, only slightly sinuate concave in posterior half (S Fig. 3; $ Fig. 4), maximal width on anterior third. Punctuation and pubescence on dorsal face of pronotum evident, sparse, decumbent and regular on the whole pronotum.
Elytra elongate-ovate, strongly convex in SS and $$ (Figs. 9, 10), maximum width approximately in the middle of elytra length, covered with pale, short, fine, dense pubescence on whole surface. Elytra length (EL) 2.65 - 3.07 mm in SS, 2.92
-	3.15 mm in Elytra width (EW) 1.40 - 1.50 mm in SS, 1.45 - 1.58 mm in
Figs. 3 - 8: Pronotum in dorsal view, 3 - P. jasminkoi sp.n. S; 4 - P. jasminkoi sp.n. 5 - P brevicollis S; 6 - P brevicollis §; 7 - P nonveilleri S; 8 - P nonveilleri (Scale bar =1.0 mm).
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14	15
Figs. 9 - 16: Paraprous jasminkoi sp.n., 9 - elytra S dorsal view; 10 - elytra S lateral view (slightly bent artificially); 11 - $ mesosternum in lateral view; 12 - S mesosternum in ventral view, arrow indicates mesosternal carina; 13 - $ ventrite VIII; 14 genital segment - ventrite IX; 15 - spermatheca; 16 - S genital segment. (Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 Scale bar =1.0 mm; Figs. 13, 14, 16 Scale bar = 0.5 mm; Fig. 15 Scale bar = 0.1 mm).
Mesothorax, abdomen: Mesocoxal cavities strongly confluent (Figs. 11, 12). Mesosternal carina not elevated (absent), limited to the central line of strong, backwards curved bristles on the mesosternum and prolonged to the strong and straight dent protruding to the middle of mesocoxal cavities. Ventrite VIII at $$ simple, apically strongly pubescent, with narrow, short and straight median expansion on anterior edge (Fig. 13).
Legs long and slender (Figs. 1, 2), covered with sparse decumbent pubescence. Femora straight, weakly widened at the base. Tibiae slim and straight, slightly curved inwards, strongly pubescent. Apex of protibia armed with trident spur on inner side. Apex of mesotibiae and metatibiae armed with 2 long spurs on inner side. Male protarsi 5-segmented, protarsomeres I - III significantly dilated (Fig. 18), female protarsi 4-segmented (Fig. 17) not dilated. All tarsomeres strongly chaetose, laterally with long bristles. Tarsal empodium bisetose. Claws long, sharp, not dilated (Figs. 17, 18).
88 protarsomere length in mm (TL): 0.17; 0.13; 0.12; 0.11; 0.29
Total length in natural tarsomere overlapping position TtL = 0.72
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SS protarsomere ratio (TL / TtL in %): 25.63; 20.59; 15.97; 18.07; 41.60 SS protarsomere length / width ratio (TL / TW): 1.70 - 1.81; 1.41 - 1.58; 1.65 -1.179; 2.13 - 2.43; 4.92 - 5.03
$$ protarsomere length in mm (TL): 0.15; 0.09; 0.12; 0.27 Total length in natural tarsomere overlapping position TtL = 0.58 $$ protarsomere ratio (TL / TtL in %): 26.16; 16.01; 19.97; 47.16
Male genitalia: Aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 21) 0.86-0.98 mm long, straight and wide, widest and rounded at the apex. Aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 22) wide, moderately curved at the apical third of length. Median lobe apex in lateral view finishes with short, sharp curved beak (Fig. 22). Inner sac (endophallus) of median lobe without significant sclerotised structures only with well developed strong stylus in basal part. Parameres strong, of same length as median lobe, laterally flattened, parallel with median lobe curves, curved inwards apically, armed with three equally strong setae; one apical and two preapical (one external and one internal respectively) (Fig. 23). Male genital segment reduced to angulated ring (Fig. 16), with long, slim sclerotised lateral processes and with wide triangular apophysis on ventral side.
Female genitalia: Genital segment - ventrite IX (urite) normally developed, with one long bristle on gonocoxites and in gonostylus three bristles laterally and one longest apically (Fig. 14). Spermatheca bi-bulbose (Fig.15), strongly sclerotised on proximal and on rounded distal part.
Figs. 17 - 20: Right protarsi, 17 - P. jasminkoi sp.n. §; 18 - P. jasminkoi sp.n. j; 19 - P. brevicollis j; 20 - P. nonveilleri j. (Scale bar =1.0 mm).
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Figs. 21 - 29: Aedeagus, 21 - P. jasminkoi sp.n. dorsal view (arrow indicates stylus); 22 - P jasminkoi sp.n. lateral view; 23 - P jasminkoi sp.n. paramere apex; 24 - P. brevicollis dorsal view; 25 - P. brevicollis lateral view; 26 - P. brevicollis paramere apex; 27 - P. nonveilleri dorsal view; 28 - P nonveilleri lateral view; 29 -P nonveilleri paramere apex (Figs. 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28 Scale bar =1.0 mm; Figs. 23, 26, 29. Scale bar = 0.5 mm).
Geographical distribution: So far the new species is known only from the type locality Otloviča pečina (= Pečina na Visu) (described in: Dujakovič, G. 2004), Otloviči, Mariči, Kneževo, Republic of Srpska, Bosna and Herzegovina (Fig. 30). Otloviča pečina is situated on the eastern slope of Čemernica planina near to the road Kneževo (ex Skender Vakuf) to Banja Luka, on right bank of Vrbas river. Type locality is situated about 64 km SE from Ciganska pečina (SW edge of Grmeč planina) where P brevicollis and P neumanni live and about 53 km NE from Trljica pečina with P nonveilleri and P insignis and from Vaganska pečina where P vitorogensis was found. The closest other Parapropus species is P sericeus simplicipes from Mačkiča pečina (Manjača planina, left bank of Vrbas river) which is situated about 30 km W from Otloviči pečina (Fig. 30). Mountain Čemernica planina seems to be geographically isolated from other Parapropus species localities. Presence of P jasminkoi sp. n. is to be expected in this mountain from other cavities as well.
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Bionomy (ecology): Specimens of the new species were collected on wet flowstone deposits in the deeper part of Otlovica pecina in total darkness together with numerous leptodirine Adelopidius cf. kuchtae Breit.
Etymology: New species is named after Dr. Jasminko Mulaomerovic from Sarajevo (Centar za Krs i Speleologiju), the tireless promoter of speleology and karstology in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Identification key to the Parapropus "brevkollis" group of species
1.	Pronotum in dorsal view slightly longer than wide, index pronotum length / pronotum width less than 1.25. Punctuation and pubescence on pronotum regular and evident on the whole pronotum. Smaller species, total body length less than 4.9 mm.................................................................................2 ("brevicollis" group)
-	Pronotum in dorsal view more or less elongated, index pronotum length/pronotum width more than 1.26. Punctuation and pubescence on pronotum weak and not equal, sometimes almost absent. Bigger species, total body length more than 5.0
mm.........other species (P sericeus Schmidt, ganglbaueri Ganglbauer, pfeiferi
Apfelbeck, neumanni Müller, insignis Müller)
2.	Pronotum lateral edges in dorsal view strongly rounded on anterior edge and deeply sinusoid on posterior edge (Figs. 5, 6). Male anterior 1st protarsomere elongated, weakly dilated (Fig. 19), 3.36 - 3.48 times longer than wide. Long 28.5 % of total male protarse length. Female 1st protarsomere long, long 37 % of total female protarse length. Aedeagus in dorsal view widest at the middle part (Fig. 24), tegmen in lateral view strongly curved on the middle part (Fig. 25). Antennomere VIII equally long as antennomere IX. Small species (4.0 mm).............brevicollis Müller
-	Pronotum lateral edges in dorsal view less strongly rounded on anterior edge and less sinusoid on posterior edge (Figs. 3, 4, 7, 8). Male anterior tarsi strongly dilated (Figs. 18, 20). Antennomere VIII shorter than antennomere IV. Bigger species (4.1 - 4.75 mm).............................................................................................................3.
3.	Male 1st protarsomere prolonged trapezoidal (Fig. 18), 1.7 - 1.8 times longer than wide. Long 25 % of total male protarse length. Female 1st protarsomere short (Fig. 17), long only 26 % of total female protarse length. Aedeagus in dorsal view widest at the apex (Fig. 21), tegmen in lateral view strongly curved on the apical half (Fig. 22), paramere apex with three long, equally strong setae...............jasminkoi sp. n.
-	Male aedeagus tegmen in lateral view straight, weakly curved in basal half (Fig.
28),	parameres strongly flattened laterally, armed with one strong widest apical seta, one inner thin short and one outer long in pre-apical position (Fig.
29	)...............................................................................................................................4.
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4. Male 1st protarsomere prolonged elliptical, 2.26 - 2.39 times longer than wide, equally broad as tibia apex. Long 29 % of total male protarsomere length (Fig. 20). Female 1st protarsomere long, more than 39 % of total female protarsomere length. Aedeagus as in Figs. 27, 28, 29.......................................................nonveilleri Müller
- Male 1st protarsomere 2.20 times longer than wide, broader than the tibia apex
(according to original description)...............................vitorogensis Curcic S., Pesic
& B.P.M. Curcic
Discussion
With description of new Parapropus species and subspecies since Jeannel's monograph (1924), taxonomy and systematics of this genus became rather chaotic. It is evident that at least three groups of taxa exist; "sericeus" group on NW part of the genus distribution and "ganglbaueri" on SE part of genus distribution. These two groups meet directly in NW Bosnia where the third group "brevicollis" is present and morphological characters used by Jeannel are mixed here. From this reason serious morphologic revision, supported by molecular phylogenetic methods, is critically needed. Since we did not yet obtain specimens of all described taxa, in this paper we were therefore limited to description of the new species. We described for the first time particular morphological characters of P. brevicollis and P. nonveilleri needed to put new species into the context.
Despite similarities in size and pronotum dimensions it seems that informal group "brevicollis" is not phylogenetic one. Species P brevicollis and P. jasmnikoi sp.n. seems to be closely related, sharing together shape of aedeagus, lack of internal sclerotised structures in endophallus and presence of evident stylus in basal part of tegmen as well as the equally strong setae on paramere apex. In contrary, closely related species P nonveilleri and P vitorogensis have aedeagus much more similar to other groups of Parapropus species, making relative shortening of pronotum a result of probable homoplasy. From this reason proposed identification key to "brevicollis" species have to be considered provisional until all Parapropus species will be revised.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to speleologists Ivan Napotnik and Mirko Vidovic (Banja Luka) for help during Otlovica pecina biological investigation, Dr. Jasminko Mulaomerovic (Sarajevo) who gave me first specimen of the new species described, introduced me to Ivan and Mirko and provided me hospitality during field research in Bosnia and Herzegovina. I would like to thank Dr. Peter Trontelj (Ljubljana) and Dr. Andrej Mihevc (Logatec) who accompanied me during caving on collecting excursions to obtain studied Parapropus species and as well David Ceplik (Kosice) who provided me some requested literature for this study.
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Received/Prejeto: 2. 10. 2015
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