GEOLOGIJA 45/2, 475–478, Ljubljana 2002
Razmi{ljanja o slovenskih geolo{kih poteh Reflections about the geologic trails in Slovenia
Rajko PAVLOVEC
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Geology Department, A{ker~eva 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Klju~ne besede: golo{ke poti, Slovenija Key words: geologic trails, Slovenia
Kratka vsebina
V Sloveniji je ve~ dalj{ih in kraj{ih geolo{kih poti. Avtor meni, da so primernej{e kraj{e, vendar temeljiteje obdelane. Tak{ne zanimajo posameznike, koristne so tudi za {olske ekskurzije in naravoslovne dneve.
Abstract
In Slovenia exist several longer or shorter geologic trails. The author prefers shorter, but better prepared geologic trails. Such trails are more interesting to individuals, and they are useful also for school excursions and natural science days.
V tujini ‘e dalj ~asa poznajo poti, ki vodijo po geolo{ko zanimivih terenih, nahajali{~ih fosilov, mineralov in kamnin. Nekateri se odlo~ijo za kraj{e poti pa te pripravijo zelo podrobno, drugi za dalj{e, morda bolj pregledne za ve~je pokrajine. Pred leti so tudi v Sloveniji za~eli urejati tak{ne poti. Danes jih je ‘e nekaj, ki so bolj ali manj uspele. Nekatere so temeljito pripravljene, druge so preve~ dolge in nimajo pravega uspeha ali pomena, tretje niso dovolj pretehtane in dodelane. Poglejmo nekaj dobrih in slabih strani!
Najobse`nej{i na~rt ima osrednja tako imenovana slovenska geolo{ka pot. Za~el jo je pripravljati prof. dr. Stanko Buser. Najprej je bil urejen prvi odsek od Jezerskega do Jesenic in ta ima edini spremljevalno knji`ico iz leta 1984. Na~rt je bil nadvse obse`en, saj naj bi potekala od severovzhodne Slovenije preko Karavank, Julijskih Alp, skozi osrednjo Slovenijo poti Hrva{ki. Nekateri so se celo navdu-{evali o nadaljevanju po vsej takratni Jugoslaviji. Na prvem delu poti je vrsta geolo{kih zanimivosti, med drugim znamenita Dol`ano-va soteska z mladopaleozojskimi in triasnimi kamninami ter fosili. Sve~ana otvoritev drugega dela je bila pred leti v Ajdov{~ini pri Hublju, do kamor je bila speljana ~ez Julijske Alpe. To~ke so bile ozna~ene, vendar spremljevalnega vodnika {e danes nima.
In kaj se dogaja s to potjo? Dru{tvo prijateljev mineralov in fosilov v Tr`i~u je s pomo~jo geologov pripravilo na~rt za pot, za-
njo pa naj bi skrbel Geolo{ki zavod Slovenije. Kasneje so deloma zaradi reorganizacij in drugih vzrokov na obljube bolj ali manj vsi pozabili in danes ni nih~e zadol`en zanjo, da bi vsaj popravljal po{kodovane table. Glavna pomanjkljivost pa je, da po tolikih letih nima opisa v obliki knji`ice ali vsaj morebitnih prospektov celo do Ajdov{~ine ne, do koder je bila uradno odprta. Obiskovalci poti tako ne vedo, kaj pomenijo posamezne {tevilke na tablah z napisom Slovenska geolo{ka pot ter prekri`animi kladivi. Poleg tega {tevilni zbiralci fosilov, kamnin in mineralov kar hlastajo po novih najdbah ne samo ob geolo{kih poteh, ampak povsod, kjer dobijo podatke o tem. Morebitna pisna opozorila jih dobesedno vabijo in nekaj nahajali{~ je `e mo~no opusto{enih. Osrednji slovenski geolo{ki poti jih je sledilo ve~, med katerimi so celo kombinirane z drugimi zanimivostmi, tako da nekatere nimajo posebne geolo{ke vrednosti. V Savinjski dolini je gozdno geolo{ka u~na pot okrog in skozi jamo Pekel. Bila je dovolj premi{ljeno pripravljena in ‘e od za~etka jo spremlja drobna knji‘ica, namenjena predvsem {olski mladini. To~ke so ozna~ene in celotna pot ni dolga. Vklju~uje vrsto geolo{kih zanimivosti, kot so fosili, tektonski pojavi, preperevanja, kra{ko polje s po‘iralniki, vrta~e, na koncu pa obisk manj{e, vendar prijetne in pou~ne kra{ke jame Pekel. Gozdarji so pripravili svoj del, ki obravnava predvsem izkori{~anje gozdov. Pot je dober primer kompleksnega pristopa. Pojav-
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ljajo pa se drugi problemi. Odkar so v novi dr‘avi gozdarske slu‘be reorganizirane, visi v zraku, kdo bo vzdr‘eval to in druge gozdne u~ne poti. Zaenkrat okrog Pekla {e ni te‘av, saj so tamkaj{nji turisti~ni in drugi delavci dovolj zagnani.
Jeseni leta 2001 so odprli Vertov~evo pot od Ustja do Šmarij in nazaj do Ustja v Vipavski dolini. V prvi vrsti je posve~ena velikemu pospe{evalcu vinogradni{tva duhovniku Matiji Vertovcu, poteka pa mimo kulturnih spomenikov in nahajali{~ fosilov. Za~ne se pri Ustju, kjer je znano nahajali{~e nu-mulitin z dvemi novimi vrstami. Obiskovalci poti se sre~ajo {e z alveolinami in drugimi foraminiferami. Spremljevalne knji‘ice sicer nima, tiskana pa je skromnej{a zlo‘enka, ki na kratko opozarja na geolo{ke in druge zanimivosti. Škoda le, da niso pri pripravljanju poti bolj intenzivo sodelovali geologi, ker bi bilo sicer na tej zelo zanimivi in prijetni poti mogo~e pokazati {e marsikaj.
V okolici Velenja so geolo{ke poti, namenjene predvsem {olam. Pod mentorstvom geologov so jih deloma pripravili u~enci. Tudi te nimajo tiskanih napotkov. Ne vodijo pa po geolo{ko posebno zanimivih krajih in zato niso najbolj privla~ne.
Ve~ poti in urejenih objektov je v Beli krajini. Deloma je poudarek na geolo{kih in speleolo{kih zanimivostih, deloma na prazgodovinskih, zgodovinskih, opozarjajo pa tudi na zanimivo floro in favno. Te poti niso dolge in so privla~ne tudi za skupine mlaj{ih in starej{ih obiskovalcev.
Po teh nekaj primerih lahko zaklju~imo naslednje. Geolo{ke poti so zelo koristne za poglabljanje znanja in ve~anje zanimanja za geologijo ter za spoznavanje geolo{ke zgradbe Slovenije. To je {e posebno pomembno, ker so geolo{ke vsebine v na{ih {olah slabo zastopane. Vsako pot ne glede na njeno dol-`ino pa je treba temeljito pripraviti in se od-lo~iti za najprimernej{o traso. Zanimivost in privla~nost poti pove~ajo opozorila na vse dragocenosti in posebnosti, bodisi naravoslovne kakor tudi zgodovinske, umetnostno-zgodovinske in druge. Slovenska geolo{ka pot ponekod dalj ~asa vodi po terenu, ki geolo{ko ni posebno zanimiv in obiskovalec tam ne izve ni~esar. V tak{nem primeru je nevarnost, da se spremeni v obi~ajno turisti~no ali planinsko pot brez geolo{kega u~inka.
Druga stvar je naslednja. Ob odprtju mora imeti pot jasne oznake in tiskan vodnik. ^e
Rajko Pavlovec
tega ni, so brez pomena celo deli, ki so geo-lo{ko zelo zanimivi. Kot primer naj navedem planinsko ko~o na Poreznu, na kateri je ozna-~ena ena od to~k slovenske geolo{ke poti. Vpra{al sem oskrbnika ko~e, kaj {tevilka pomeni. Odgovoril mi je, da opozarja na ko~o!
Omenimo {e ropanje in uni~evanje naha-jali{~ fosilov in mineralov. Manj so v nevarnosti kamnine. Opozorila na ta nahajali{~a so enako problemati~na kot opozorila na za-{~itene rastline ali `ivali. Zbiranje samo po sebi ni slaba stvar, ~e zbiralec najdbe pravilno shrani, zapi{e podatke in podobno. Velika nevarnost pa je, da se ~ez leta naveli~a svoje zbirke, jo zavr`e ali vsaj zanemari. Še huje je, ~e zbiralec umre. Najve~krat njegovi nasledniki za fosile in minerale nimajo nobenega smisla, zbirka ostane zanemarjena in po~asi propade. Edina re{itev proti takim pojavom je vzgoja in nenehno opozarjanje na pomembnost na{e naravne dedi{~ine. Noben kodeks ali ohlapni zakon ne bosta pre-pre~ila negativnih pojavov zbiranja.
Premisliti bi bilo tudi treba, ali so korist-nej{e kraj{e poti s {tevilnimi zanimivostmi in dobrim tiskanim vodnikom, ali obse`ne skozi ve~je dele Slovenije, ki se kaj kmalu spremenijo v {e eno od pre{tevilnih planinskih poti. V tujini imajo pogosto kraj{e pa zato res zanimive geolo{ke poti. Za mnoge geolo{ke ali druga~ne poti vemo, da planinci po njih sicer radi hodijo in nabirajo pe~ate, vendar se pogosto ob tem za naravne in kulturne zanimivosti ob poti kaj malo zanimajo. Geolo{ka pot na vi{ji stopnji bi bila tista, ki se ne bi osredoto~ila samo na geologijo, ampak bi opozarjala {e na rastlinstvo in `ival-sto, na umetnostnozgodovinske, zgodovinske, etnografske in druge posebnosti.
Zaklju~imo z naslednjo ugotovitvijo. Geo-lo{ke poti so brez dvoma koristne. Vendar je treba k na~rtovanju pristopiti zelo premi{lje-no, se povezati z drugimi strokami, predvsem pa izdati spremljajo~i vodnik ali prospekt (zlo-`enko). Po mojem prepri~anju so koristnej{e kraj{e in vsestransko obdelane poti. Dogovoriti se je treba tudi za stalnega vzdr`evalca poti, najbolje za kako ustanovo ali zavod.
Reflections about the geologic trails in Slovenia
Abroad exist already for a long time geologic trails that lead through geologically
Razmi{ljanja o slovenskih geolo{kih poteh
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interesting terrains with fossil, mineral and rock localities. Some visitors prefer shorter trails for which they get detailed information, and others longer trails that give insight into geology of wider areas. Several years ago also in Slovenia projecting of such trails was started. At present there are quite a number of them, some more and others less appropriate. Several of them are quite well designed, others are too long and not very successful, and some are not sufficiently well projected. Let us have a look at their good and bad sides!
The most ambitious project was the so-called Slovenian geologic trail. It was prepared initially by Prof. Dr. Stanko Buser. First its starting section from Jezersko to Jesenice was arranged, and only for it the accompanying guide-book from 1984 exists. Its scheme was the most extensive. It was planned to lead from northwest Slovenia along the Karavanke montains across the Julian Alps and central Slovenia towards Croatia. Some geologists even proposed its continuation along entire former Yugoslavia. The first part of the trail contained a number of famous geologic points of interest, among others the world famous Dol‘an gorge with Younger Paleozoic and Triassic rocks and fossils. The solemn inauguration of the second part of the trail was years ago at the Hubelj karst spring near Ajdov{~ina, to where the trail was lead across the Julian Alps. The trail stops were marked, but the accompanying guide-book was never written.
What is the present state of this trail? The project of the trail was prepared by the Society of friends of minerals and fossils in Tr‘i~ with assistance of several geologists. The trail should be maintained by the Geologic Survey of Slovenia. However, owing to reorganizations and other reasons the promises were largely forgotten, and at present not even the damaged plates at trail stops are repaired. The main disadvantage after so many years is the lack of an accompanying description in the form of a booklet or at least of folders for the part to Ajdov{~ina, to where the trail was officially established. The visitors of the trail therefore do not know the meaning of stop numbers on the plates bearing the inscription Slovenian Geologic Trail and the crossed hammers mark. On the other side, numerous collectors of fossils, rocks and minerals greedily search for new
finding localities not only along the geologic trails, but wherever they could get hold of any information on their existence. They are litteraly drawn to them by the eventual written information, which already lead to devastation of some localities.
The establishing of the principal Slovenian geologic trail was followed by arrangement of a number of other trails. Some of them were combined with other elements, so that their geologic value is not very high. In the Savinja valley exists the forestry and geologic trail to the Pekel karst cave and environs. The trail is sufficiently well designed and it is accompanied from its beginning by a thin booklet designed especially to the school children. The stops are marked and the trail is not long. Covered is a number of points of geologic interest, as fossil localities, tectonic phenomena, weathering features, a karst field with sinkholes and dolines, and at the end the small but pleasant and instructive Pekel water karst cave. The forestry experts prepared for their part a presentation mainly of the cultivation and exploitation of forests. The trail is a good example of a complex approach. Some other problems arose, however. After the reorganization of the forestry service in the new Slovenian state it is not clear yet who should be responsible for this and other forestry trails. At present there are no problems for the Pekel trail only thanks to the enthusiasm of local touristic and other workers.
In fall 2001 the Vertovec trail in the Vipava valley from Ustje to Šmarje and back was opened. The trail is principally devoted to the promotor of viticulture priest Matija Ver-tovec. Its course comprises cultural monuments and fossil localities. It starts at Ustje where there is a known nummulitic locality from which two new species were determined. The visitors can observe also alveolinas and other foraminifers. There is no printed guide-book but a modest folder that gives short information on geologic and other points of interest. It is a pitty geologists did not cooperate more in the project, since on this very instructive and pleasant trail also other interesting features could be presented.
In the Velenje environs exist geologic trails designed mostly for schools. They were prepared in part by the pupils themselves under supervision of geologists. Also these trails are not accompanied by printed materials.
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They, however, do not contain features of higher geologic interest, and are therefore not especially attractive.
A number of trails and natural objects were arranged in White Carniola. Their accent is in part on geologic and speleologic features, and in part on prehistoric, historic, floral and faunistic points of interest. These trails are not long, and they are attractive also to groups of younger or older visitors.
After these few examles the following conclusions could be made. The geologic trails are very useful for increasing the knowledge and arouse interest for geology in general, and geology of Slovenia in particular. This is even more important because of insufficient geologic education offered by our schools. However, each trail regardless of its length must be carefully prepared and its course placed most appropriately across the terrain.
The value and attraction of the trail is increased by including of various features, either of natural science or historic, artistic and other character. The Slovenian geologic trail in places crosses terrains of no appreciable geologic interest, and there the visitor cannot learn much. In such a case the geologic trail might turn into a usual touristic of mountaneering track without much geologic effect.
The other point is the following. At its inauguration the trail must be furnished with clearly marked stops and with a printed guide-book. If these are not available, even geologically extremely interesting features might be meaningless. An example is the alpine hut on Mt. Porezen that bears the plate with the number of the corresponding Slovenian geologic trail stop. I asked the alpine hut manager about the meaning of the number. He told me it denotes the hut!
Let us mention also the robbing and destroying of fossil and mineral localities. Less endangered are rocks. Making public the data on such localities is of the same dubious value as the data on protected plants and animals. Collecting them as such is not harmful if the collector duly conserves the find, notes the observations etc. A great danger, however, are collectors that some time later become disinterested in the collection and start to neglect it, or discard the collected materials. Even worse may happen after collectors death. The descendants most usually do not have understanding for fossils and minerals, the collection becomes neglected and it slowly
disintegrates. The only help is education and incessant drawing attention to the importance of natural heritage. No regulations nor loosely written laws could prevent the negative aspects of amateur collecting.
Further it should be reconsidered what trails are more useful, whether shorter trails with numerous interesting points and good printed guide-books, or long trails across larger parts of Slovenia. The latter might soon turn to one more of the so many mountain tracks. Abroad there are frequent shorter, but more interesting geologic trails. And it is well known that many geologic and other trails are eagerly frequented by tourists who collect stamps on them but do not pay much attention to natural and cultural features along the trails. And a higher level geologic trail would not be concentrated on geology only, but also on flora and fauna, as well as artistic, historic, etnologic and other features.
The following might be said at the end. The geologic trails are by all means useful. But it is important that they be planned very carefully, in association with other disciplines, and especially, be furnished with explanatory guide-books or folders. Also steady maintenance must be assured, the best by an institution.
The printed material of geologic trails
Ba~ar, S. 2001: Pohod po Vertov~evih poteh 2001. – TIC Ajdika, Ajdov{~ina.
B r e { ~ a k , D., Dra‘umeri~, M. & Tav~ar, J. 1998: Po{pot Luknja. – Zavod za varstvo naravne in kulturne dedi{~ine, Novo mesto.
B u s e r , S. 1984: Vodnik poti Jezersko Tr‘i~ Jesenice (Slovenian geological route guide). – Dru-{tvo prijateljev mineralov in fosilov, Tr‘i~.
C a l l i g a r i s , R. & D e r o s s i , S. 2002: Od jam do Gradi{~. Pot v prazgodovino (Dalle Grotte ai Castellieri. Un percorso nella preistoria). – Ob~ina Devin Nabre‘ina, Gorizia.
Ivanovi~, M. 1998: Kra{ka u~na pot od Lebice do Krupe. – Turisti~no dru{tvo Semi~, Zavod za varstvo naravne in kulturne dedi{~ina Novo mesto, Semi~.
I v a n o v i ~ , M. & H u d o k l i n , A. 2000: Kra{ki jami Zdenc in Vidovec. U~na pot Zdenc – Vidovec. – Uprava RS za varstvo narave, Zavod za varstvo naravne in kulturne dedi{~ine Novo mesto, Štore.
Kmecl, M. & Pavlovec, R. 1988: Skozi gozd in jamo Pekel (gozdno-geolo{ka u~na pot). – Samoupravna interesna skupnost za gozdarstvo celjskega obmo~ja, Gozdno gospodarstvo, Dru{tvo in‘enirjev in tehnikov gozdarstva Celje, Ljubljana.
M a j c e n , T., J o { t , S. & Š t o r , L. 1994: Geolo{ka u~na pot na Govce. – Zveza kulturnih organizacij, La{ko.