O KOCMOrOHHHeCKOH OCHOBe MOTHBa "3Mefl H ^eBM" B CBH3H C MOTHBOM "CTpaHCTBHfl B nO^3eMHOe uapCTBO" (Ha MaTepHa^e pyCCKHx CKa3OK)
Muxaun Ee3nun
Thr article deals with the cosmogonic archetype of the motifs about the dragon and the maid, and the journey into the nether world.
CTpaHCTByro^HH b noncKax xeHbi repon BCTpenaeT Ha flopore TpexronoBoro 3Mea, kotophh noKa3HBaeT eMy MecTo, rfle oh cmoxst flocraTb ce6e HeBecTy. repon oTBannBaeT KaMeHb, 3Men onycKaeT ero Ha peMHax b flHpy, roBopa: "th TaM nonflemb h flonflemb flo Tpex napcTB, a b KaxfloM napcrae yBHflnmb no fleBnne" (128)1.
^BneHne 3Mea b ponn noMo^HHKa repoa, a He ero npoTHBHHKa npeflcTaBnaeT oTKnoHeHne ot o6hhhoh cxeMH. Bonee Toro, Bce oÓHTaTenn nofl3eMHon cTpaHH, t. e. cy^ecTBa xTOHHnecKne no onpefleneHnro, noMoraroT reporo: cTapnK yKa3HBaeT eMy nyTb k flnnHHoMy MyxHHHe, kotophh HanpaBnaeT ero k 6a6e-are, a Ta flaeT reporo opna-nTHuy, BHHoca^ero ero b BepxHnn Mnp.
B flpyrnx BapnaHTax cTpaHcTBna no nofl3eMHoMy i^apcray 6a6a-ara, KaK npaBnno, BHcTynaeT b KanecTBe aHTaroHncTa repoa. EflBa BHfla repoa, Tpn fleBnnbi, cnfla^ne bo flBopne, coo6^aroT eMy: "Hama MaTb — 6a6a-ara; oHa Te6a checr!" (141). npnMenaTenbHa HenoflBHXHocTb fleBnn: ohh cha^t, Korfla k hhm npnxoflHT repon. nonHoTy 3HaneHna 3to o6cToaTenbcTBo o6peTaeT b xtohe^ckom KoHTeKcTe, b kotopom nponcxoflHT Bcrpena repoa c flonepbMH xo3ahkh nofl3eMHon cTpaHH.
XToHHHecKHe cy^ecTBa xapaKTeproyroTCfl hhh nonHon HenoflBnxHocTbro nnn cBepxno-flBHXHocTbro. Ba6a-ara nnn cnnr Ha ne^Ke hhh neTaeT b cTyne. napafloKcanbHocTb cnoco6a nepeflBHxeHHa nyfloBH^a yKa3HBaeT Ha nnnro3opHocTb ero flBHxeHHa. Moxho 6bino 6h cKa3aTb, hto caMa no ce6e nyfloBH^HocTb flenaeT flBHxeHne b npnHnnne HeBo3MoxHbiM. B caMoM o6^eM BHfle moxho onpeflennTb nyfloBH^HocTb KaK npoTHBoecrecTBeHHoe coeflHHeHHe-cnenneHne pa3nHHHbix no cBoen ^yh^hh ^opM (KpHnbeB — co 3MenHHM TynoBH^eM) nnn HenoMepHoe yMHoxeHne oflHon h toh xe ^opMH (cto ronoB, cto pyK).
CooTBeTcTBeHHo, pa3fleneHne cMemaHHon nyfloBH^Hon ^opMH Ha oTflenbHHe ^opMH no pofly hx b nnaHe KocMoroHnnecKoM flonxHo HMeTb cbohm pe3ynbTaToM o6pa3oBaHne mhpoboh MHoxecTBeHHocm. B pa3nHHHbix Tpaflnnnax KocMoroHHneKHH nponecc onncHBaeTca KaK pacnneHeHne cBepxTena, h3 nacren KoToporo co3flaroTca KocMnnecKne o6teKTH2. HyfloBn^Hoe Teno, TaKHM o6pa3oM, MoxeT paccMaTpnBaTbca KaK MoMeHT b KocMoroHnnecKoM flBnxeHnn ot eflHHcTBa k MHoxecTBeHHocra.
1	3flecb h flanee yKa3HBaeTca HoMep cKa3KH no: A. H. A^aHacbeB, PyccKue Hapodnue cküsku, t. 1-3, M. 1957.
2	Cp. pacnneHeHMe qyfloBH^Hoñ npapoflHTenbH^bi 6oroB TnaMaT b aKKaflcKoñ KocMoroHmecKoñ no3Me dHyMa 3auw; üypymM — b BeflHñcKoñ MH^onorm; HMMpa — b cKaHflHHaBcKoñ. B nocneflHeM cnyqae
O KOCMoroHH^ecKOH 0CH0Be MOTHBa "3Mea h ßeBbi" B CBS3H c mothbom "cTpaHCTBHa B no^3eMHoe napCTBo"
B 3Ton CBoen "hyaobh^hoh" CTa^HH KoCMoroHHneCKoe flBHxeHHe ÖMKHpyeTca h pa3ÖMKHpyeTca npn nocpe^CTBe pacn^eHeHHa-xepTBonpHHomeHHa MHpoBoro ne^oBeKa (b pnryMbHo-HfleMbHoM BapnaHTe) mh npn nocpe^CTBe yönncTBa-pa3pyöaHHa 3Mea. CaMo no Ceöe yönncTBo 3Mea He aB^aeTca flocTaroHHbiM: repon oTpyöaeT Hy^oBHmy ro^oBH, öpocaeT hx b Bo^y (125, 136), 3aKanbiBaeT b 3eM^ro (131) mh cxnraeT ro^oBbi h TynoBH^e 3Mea, a nene^ pa3BeHBaeT no HHCTOMy no^ro (575).
KocMoroHHnecKaa oCHoBa yönncTBa 3Mea ocoöeHHo oTHeraHBo npoaBraeTca b CKa3Ke 135. CocToaHHe MHpa yönncTBa 3Mea: "B tom napcrae, r^e xhb HBaH, He 6bmo flHa, a BCë Honb; eTa 3paÖHB 3Men". norae yönncTBa 3Mea: "yörnH Taro 3Mea, b3oth 3MéeBy ra^aBy, h, npnmÓBmn k aro xaTe, hhh pa3^aMHm ra^aBy — h CTaB öe^Hn CBeT na BCaMy napcTBy".
Tepon He onycKaeTca 3^ecb b no^eMHoe napcrao, ho c CaMoro Hanara b HeM Haxo^nrca. OTCyTCTBne CBeTa b pa3^nHHbix MH^o^ornnecKnx Tpa^Hnnax xapaKTepH3yeT AoKoCMoroHHHeCKoe cocToaHHe. CooTBeTCTBeHHo, aB^eHHe CBeTa o6o3HanaeT oTKpbrme h^h Bo3oÖHoB^eHne ö^oKnpoBaHHoro KoCMoroHHneCKoro nponecca3. napa^oKCMbHocTb "cHTyanHH 3Mea" coctoht b nepexo^Hocra "^opMbi 3Mea", KoTopaa o^HoBpeMeHHo no^roTaB^HBaeT KocMoroHHnecKHn nponecc stricto sensu h npenaTCTByeT eMy. B CKa3Kax oTpaxeH r^aBHHM oöpa3oM 3tot "oTpHnaTe^bHo-npenaTCTByro^Hn" aCneKT 3Mea, h b 3HanHTe^bHo MeHbmen CTeneHH — no^oxHTe^bHbin, KocMoroHHnecKHn b mnpoKoM CMHC^e 3Toro C^oBa.
B Hanöo^ee aBHon ^opMe KocMoroHHnecKnn apxeTHn peMH3yeTca b CKa3Kax o Tpex no^3eMHHx napcraax: "repon ompaB^aroTca Ha noncKn Tpex Hcne3HyBmnx napeBeH [...] o^HH H3 repoeB no BepeBKe cnycKaeTca no^ 3eM^ro h norae^oBaTe^bHo Haxo^nr Tpn napcTBa (mh tph ^oMa) — Me^Hoe, CepeöpaHoe, 3o^oToe; b Kax^oM H3 kotophx repoa BCTpenaeT ^eBHna, npe^ynpexflaro^aa ero oö onaCHoCTH, ncxo^a^en ot 3Mea [...] npn^eTaeT nepBbin, noToM BTopon h, HaKoHen, TpeTHn 3Men; b pe3ynbraTe 6opb6H C hhmh Kaxflbin pa3 noöex^aeT repon, cnacaro^nn napeBeH; coönpaacb no^HaTbca C hhmh Ha 3eM^ro, repon CBopaHHBaeT Kax^oe H3 Tpex napcTB b anno (Me^Hoe, CepeöpaHoe, 3o^oToe), flaHHoe eMy Kax^on H3 Tpex ^eBHn; ocraBmneca Ha noBepxHoCTH 3eM^H CnyTHHKn repoa BbiTaCKnBaroT Ha BepeBKe BCex Tpex napeBeH, ho KoBapHo oöpbiBaroT ee, Kor^a no Hen ^e3eT repon; b pe3ynbTaTe CTpaHCTBHn no no^eMHoMy napcTBy repon Haxo^HT öo^bmoe ^epeBo (oöhhho ayö), CnaCaeT nTeHnoB, CH^a^nx Ha BeTBax ^epeBa, 3a hto MaTb nTeHnoB (na^e Bcero ope^) bhhocht repoa H3 no^3eMHoro napcTBa Ha 3eM^ro, r^e oh noc^e^oBaTe^bHo öpocaeT Kax^oe H3 Tpex ann, pa3BopanHBaro^nxca b cooTBeTCTByro^ee napcTBo; 3aBepmeHHeM CKa3KH oöhhho aB^aeTca öpaK repoa h napeBHb 3o^oToro napcTBa"4.
pacqaeHeHHe npoHcxo^HT "ecTecTBeHHHM" 06pa30M: CHHOBba Eopa 6pocaroT HMHpa b MHpoByro 6e3^Hy h oh caM co6oh pacqaeHaeTca (MAadwan 3dda, nepeBo^ O. A. Cmhphhukoh, M. 1970, c. 18).
3	Cp. nocae^cTBHa y6HHcTBa EoroM TpoMa Hh^poh 3Mea BpHTpu: "Kor^a y6HT BpHTpa, Bce crpaHbi cBeTa ocBo6o^HaHcb ot MpaKa. üo^ya npHaTHHH BeTep, h Bo3pa^oBa^Hcb Bce cy^ecTBa" (MEx V 10, 3239; ^HT. no: Maxa6xapaTa. KHHra naTaa. YflbHoranapBa h^h KHHra o cTpaHcTBHH, nepeBo^ c caHcKpHTa h KoMMeHTapHH B. H. KaabaHoBa, H. 1976). Co6paHHe KocMoroHH^ecKHx mh^ob pa3aH^HHx Tpa^HUHH cm. b: R. Pettazzoni, Miti e leggende. In principio. Miti delle origini, Torino 1990.
4	B. H. TonopoB, K peKoHcTpyKUHH MH$a o mhpobom aH^e (Ha MaTepHaae pyccKHx cKa3oK), b: "Tpy^H no 3HaKoBbM cHcTeMaM - 3", TapTy 1967, c. 83. 3^ecb pe3roMHpyroTca cKa3KH THna 301 no: A. Aarne, S. Thompson, The Types of the Folk-Tale, Helsinki 1961. B npHM. 8 yKa3biBaroTca cKa3KH, cooTBeTcTByro^He croxeTy 301 c BKaroqeHHeM MoTHBa aH^a.
.Hexamaa b 0CH0Be 3Toro croxeTa KOCMoroHHnecKaa cmyanHa onpenenaeTca cnenyro^HM o6pa3oM: "tph anna HaxonaTca b napcTBe 3Mea h, bh^hmo, npHHannexaT HMeHHo eMy; napeBHbi naroT reporo no anny nHmb nocne Toro (h npHToM o6hhho cpa3y xe), KaK repon y6rnaeT 3Mea. He HcKnroneHa — npHMeHHTenbHo k apxeTHny — TaKaa HHTepnpeTanHa, b cooTBeTcTBHH c kotopoh 3Men KaK onHneTBopeHHe non3eMHoro napcTBa h, cnenoBaTenbHo, nepBo3naHHoro xaoranecKoro Havana, noKa oh xhb, He naeT pa3BepHyTbca noTeHnHanbHo cymecTByromHM 3neMeHTaM 6ynymero KocMoca, HaxonamHMca no BpeMeHH b cBepHyToM BHne b anne, nonoÓHo 3aponbimy [...] CTaHoBneHHe KocMoca (xH3Hb) H3 anna, co6cTBeHHo, h o3Hanano 6h b TaKoM cnynae KoHen xaoca (cMepTb) HnH ero orpaHHneHHe h H3onanHro. [...] OKa3biBaeTca, hto repon npHo6peTaeT b TpHnecaToM napcTBe anna h TeM caMHM cTaHoBHTca neMHyproM KocMHnecKoro 3naHHa"5.
CKa3Ka, b kotopoh TpexronoBbin 3Men yKa3HBaeT reporo nyTb b non3eMHoe napcTBo, a o6HTaro^He b HeM xTOHHnecKHe cymecTBa noMoraroT eMy bhhth h3 Hero (128), o6pamaeT Ha ce6a BHHMaHHe b nepByro onepenb oTcyTcTBHeM aHTaroHH3Ma Mexny repoeM h 3MeeM. Bonee Toro, 3Men coTpynHHnaeT c repoeM, nonBonHT ero k npenenaM non3eMHoro napcTBa, a 3aTeM Hcne3aeT h o HeM 6onbme He ynoMHHaeTca. BHanane repon npHxonHT k neBHne MenHoro napcTBa h npocHT ee bhhth 3a Hero 3aMyx. OHa oTKa3HBaeTca, nocbinaa ero k neBHne cepe6paHoro napcTBa, KoTopaa, b cBoro onepenb, HanpaBnaeT repoa k neBHne 3onoToro napcTBa, KoTopaa naeT reporo cornacHe bhhth 3a Hero 3aMyx. 3aTeM ohh HnyT b cepe6paHoe h MenHoe napcTBa, 3a6Hpaa c co6on cooTBeTcTByro^Hx neBHn. H TonbKo nocne Toro, KaK repon co6pan Bcex Tpex neBHn, oh HneT c hhmh k Bbixony H3 non3eMHon cTpaHbi.
^nno 3necb oTcyTcTByeT. BMecTo Hero neBHnbi, oTcbinaa repoa onHa k npyron, naroT eMy noonepenHo cepe6paHbiñ nepcreHb, 3onoTon nepcTeHb h 3onoTon Kny6oK. C cepe6paHHM nepcTHeM repon HneT ot neBHnbi MenHoro napcTBa k neBHne cepe6paHoro; c 3onoTHM — ot neBHnbi cepe6paHoro napcTBa k neBHne 3onoToro. 3onoTon Kny6oK o6o3HanaeT o6paTHoe nBHxeHHe repoa BMecTe c neBHnen 3onoToro napcTBa b cepe6paHoe h MenHoe napcTBa. Moxho npennonoxHTb, hto nepcTHH no3BonaroT reporo nepenTH H3 onHoro napcTBa b npyroe, a Kny6oK — cBa3aTb 3th napcTBa b onHo h Bbrnecra 3to enHHoe napcTBo b BepxHHn MHp, rne oho Morno 6h pa3BepHyTbca.
B cKa3Ke o Tpex 6paTbax orapaBnaro^Hxca Ha noHcKH noxH^eHHbix 3MeeM KoponeBeH (140), repoH 3ae3xaroT b npeMy^Hñ nec, ocTaHaBnHBaroTca b nycTon H36ymKe, rne ohh BcTynaroT b 6opb6y c ee xo3aHHoM — cTapHHKoM c hototok, KoToporo no6exnaeT MnanmHn 6paT. 3mhhmo, hto repon He y6rnaeT cBoero aHTaroHHcTa, a npHBa3HBaeT ero 3a 6opony k ny6oBoMy cTon6y. CrapHnoK y6eraeT, ocTaBnaa 3a co6on KpoBaBbin cnen, kotophh BeneT 6paTbeB k ¿nyóoKOMy npoeany. OnycKaacb b Hero no BepeBKe, repon oKa3HBaeTca Ha tom cBeTe, rne HaxonHT noxH^eHHbix KoponeBeH cooTBeTcTBeHHo b MenHoM, cepe6paHoM h 3onoToM nBopnax. Tepon ocBo6oxaeT KoponeBeH, y6HBaa TpexrnaBoro, mecTHrnaBoro h nBeHannaTHrnaBoro 3Mea. Kaxnaa KoponeBHa cBopa^HBaeT cBoe napcTBo b aHHKo, onHaKo hh onHa He oTnaeT ero reporo, a KnaneT cBoe aHHKo ce6e b KapMaH. CTapmHe 6paTba nonHHMaroT Mnanmero 6paTa BMecTe c KoponeBHaMH, KoTopbe pa3Bopa^HBaroT b hhctom none Kaxnaa cBoe aHHKo cooTBeTcTBeHHo b MenHoe, cepe6paHoe h 3onoToe napcTBa.
5 B. H. TonopoB, KpeKoncmpyKU,uu Mu$a o MupoeoM aüu,e (na Mamepuane pyccKux CKasoK), nHT., c. 96-97.
O KOCMOrOHHneCKOH OCHOBe MOTHBa "3Mea H aeBbl" B CBa3H C MOTHBOM "CTpaHCTBHa B nöa3eMHOe UapCTBO"
B 3TGM BapHaHTe npHcyTCTByeT aHTarGHH3M Mexay repGeM h 3MeeM, hg OTcyTCTByeT Mexay repoeM h ero noMO^HHKaMH (ÖpaTbaMH). Bopböa c xTOHHnecKHM cy^ecTBOM pa3BGpaHHBaeTca b aByx n^aHax — b BepxHeM MHpe (cG crapHnKOM c HoroTOK) h b hhxtom (cG 3MeaMH). BepxHHH MHp 3aecb HMeeT Bce GCHGBHHe nepTb HHXHero: repoH CHana^a npoe3xaroT no mHpoKoH nycTbiHHOH CTenH, a noTOM 3ae3xaroT b apeMynHH jiec, b KOTopoM HaxoaaT H3ÖymKy. TaKHM o6pa3OM, noeaHHOK co crapHnKOM h co 3MeeM npoHCxoaHT, CTporo roBopa, He Ha pa3Hbix mhpobhx ypoBHax (BepxHeM h HHXHeM), a Ha pa3Hbx ypoBHax HHXHero MHpa. 9tg nocAeaHee 06cT0aTeAbCTB0 n03B0AaeT cae^aTb 3aKnroneHHe, nTO CTapHnoK c HoroTGK ecTb alter ego 3Mea, ^yHKUHa KOToporo cgctght b 3aBAeneHHH repoa b 3MeHHoe uapcTBO. Moxho öhao 6h CKa3aTb, nTO, BCTynaa b np0THB060pcTB0 noonepeaHO c TpeMa ÖpaTbaMH, CTapHnoK HcnHTHBaeT hx, BbÖHpaa HaHÖOAee npHroaHoro ana: öopböb co 3MeeM, aopory b uapcTBO KOToporo gh yKa3HBaeT eMy CBoeH KpoBbro. Be3 noMO^H 3Mea b pa3AHHHbix ero BonAO^eHHax repoH He TOAbKO He HameA 6h aopory b noa3eMHyro CTpaHy, hg h He CMor 6h hh 3Mea noöeaHTb, hh KopoAeBeH aoÖHTb.
3HanHMH CAOBa KopoAeBHb nocAe Toro, KaK OHa aaeT reporo HcnHTb CHAbHOH BoaH: "CeHnac, — roBopHT, — moh 3MeH npraeraT!", nTO mgxhg HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb KaK yKa3aHHe Ha cy6cTaHUH0HaAbH0e eaHHCTBO 3Mea h aeBH. Cy^ecTBeHHbi b stom GTHomeHHH GÖCToaTe^bCTBa noxH^eHHa KopoAeBeH. Ohh xHByr b noa3eMHbx na^aTax. Mgxhg npean0A0XHTb, nTO KopoAeBHb xHByr b hhx H3HanaAbH0. Koraa ghh BbxoaaT Ha "öe^HH CBeT", Bapyr noaHHMaeTca öyHHbrä BHxpb h yHOCHT hx "BbCOKO-aa^eKO — HeBeaoMo Kyaa". B aeöcTBHTeAbHocTH (n03B0AHM ceöe caeaaTb sto yrBepxaeHHe) Kopo^eBHH He yHOcaTca hh aaaeKO, hh bhcoko, a B03Bpa^aroTca b noa3eMHoe uapcTBO, b KOTopoe ohh oöpaTHO BTarHBaroTca b CHAy sHTponHnecKOH TeHaeHUHH.
O xTOHHnecKOH (hah 3MeHHoH) npHpoae aeBHu, KOTopbx BCTpenaeT repoH b noa3eMH0M uapcTBe, CBHaeTeAbCTByroT b nepByro onepeab poacTBeHHbe OTHomeHHa nocAeaHHx c nyaoBH^eM. B CKa3Kax 141-142 aeBHUb — aonepH öaöb-arH, xo3aHKH noa3eMH0H CTpaHH. O 3MeHH0H npHpoae öaöb-arH HMeroTca npaMbie yKa3aHHa: OHa — MaTb 3Mea, KOToporo yÖHBaeT repoH (136); 3MeH xHBeT b H3ÖymKe Ha KypHHOH HOXKe (135). B CKa3Ke 132 aeBHUb — cecTpb xTOHHnecKoro HopKH-3Bepa. B CKa3Ke 128 o npoHCxoxaeHHH aeBHu HHnero He cooö^aeTca, oaHaKO aBAeHHe TpexraaBoro 3Mea b KanecTBe "cBaTa" n03B0AaeT caeaaTb npean0A0xeHHe, nTO ohh - aonepH 3Mea, nTO KOCBeHHO noaTBepxaaeTca apyroH CKa3K0H (136), b KOTopoH 3MeH cnpamHBaeT repoa: "3aneM th npHexaA? CBaTaTb mohx cecTep mh aonepeH?".
B OTHomeHHH noxH^eHH^ix 3MeeM aeBHu TaKxe moxho npeanoAOXHTb o 3MeHH0M npoHCxoxaeHHH nocAeaHHx. noxH^eHHaa 3MeeM KopoAeBHa aaeT reporo "cHAbHOH Boab", nocAe nero repoH c AerKOCTbro OTpyöaeT 3Mero Bce tph roAOBH (140). B apyroH CKa3Ke 3aKnroneHHaa 3MeeM b ropy uapeBHa roBopHT reporo: "MeHa yHec 3MeH o aBeHaauaTH r0A0Bax; xHBeT oh Ha öaTromKHHOM 03epe; b tom 3Mee cyHayK TaHTca, a b cyHayKe — 3aau, b 3aHue — yTKa, b yTKe — aHnKO, b aHnKe — ceMenKo; koah th yöbemb ero aa aocTaHemb sto ceMenKo, b Té nopb moxho xpycTaAbHyro ropy H3BecTH h MeHa H3ÖaBHTb" (162), t. e. uapeBHa 3HaeT coKpoeeHHyrn maÛHy 3Men.
Cneaya o6pa3uy CKa3KH o Ko^ee BeccMepTHOM (156), moxho npeanoAOXHTb, nTO 3MeH caM paccKa3HBaeT uapeBHe o CBoeH CMepTH. flywaeTca, nTO npHnHHa 3aecb HHaa: aeBHUb 3HaroT TaHHy b CHAy CBoero KpoBHoro poacTBa c nyaoBH^eM. B CKa3Ke 270 aeBHua paccKa3bBaeT reporo. "no^roÖHA MeHa Ko^eH BeccMepTHbH, yHec ot OTua, ot MarepH, xoTeA B3aTb 3a ceöa 3aMyx, aa a Haa hhm HacMea^aca; bot oh 03A0ÖHAca h oöopoTHA MeHa jiroTOH
3Meero". Co3aaeTca BnenaraeHHe, hto 3Ta hctophh paccKa3biBaeTca c TeM, hto6h HanpaBHTb 6ecneabHO 6poa»mero repoa Ha coBepmeHHe onpeaeaeHHoro aeaa: repon aoaxeH nonpocHTb b Harpaay 3a H36aBaeHHe napeBHbi Boame6Hbiñ 6ohohok, pa3BopaHHBaromHñca bo aBopen.
OneBHflHo cxo^ctbo 3toh cKa3KM co cKa3KaMH o pa3Bopa^HBaromHxca H3 aHn Tpex napcTBax. OaHaKo pa3BopanmaHHe aBopna 3aecb He aBaaeTca caMoneabro: c noMombro 6onoHKa repon ao6biBaeT Men-caMopy6, kotophm y6rnaeT cTapHKa, c kotophm ToabKo hto oÓMeHaaca 6ohohkom Ha Men, no6exaaeT BpaxecKoe bohcko, nocae nero xeHHTca Ha ropeBHe. 9to nocaeaHee o6cToaTeabcTBo no3BoaaeT caeaaTb npeanoaoxeHHe, hto o6pa3 3Men, b kotopom aBaaeTca reporo napeBHa, ecTb ee hcthhhhh o6pa3, ot KoToporo oHa ocBo6oxaaeTca b pe3yabTaTe paaa onepannn, ocymecTBaaeMbix no ee npHKa3y repoeM: oh aoaxeH HocHTb 3Mero Ha mee ceMb aeT, HcKaTb oaoBaHHoe napcrao h npoxHTb TaM eme ceMb aeT. ^aabHenmne aencTBHa repoa (ao6biBaHHa 6onoHKa h Mena-caMopy6a) aoaxHbi 6biaH, KaK moxho npeaaoxHTb, oKoHnaabHo npepe3aTb cBa3H napeBHbi c ee 3MeHHon ochoboh, nocae nero oHa cTaHoBHTca roaHon aaa 3aMyxecTBa.
^eMHyprnnecKoe KanecTBo repoa no3BoaaeT roBopHTb o npHcyTcTBHH b cKa3Kax o Tpex napcTBax MoTHBa cBameHHoro 6paKa (íepó^ yá|io<^)6. CoeaHHaa mothbh "a^a" h "cBameHHoro 6paKa", moxho caeaaTb caeayromee npeanoaoxeHHe: pa3BopanmaHHe napcTB KaK aKTyaaraanHa noTeHnHaabHo cymecTByromHx saeMeHToB 6yaymero KocMoca npoHcxoaHT b pe3yabTaTe cBameHHoro 6paKa repoa h BbiBeaeHHon h3 napcraa 3Mea aeBHEb. 9to nocaeaHee o6cToaTeabcTBo oco6eHHo cymecTBeHHo: xeHcKoe Hanaao, noaoÓHo BceM apyrHM 3aeMeHTaM 6yaymero KocMoca, HaxoaHTca b 3Mee, t. e. aBaaeTca oaHHM h3 ero coaepxaHHn HaH acneKToB.
TaaBHoñ 3aaaneñ repoa-aeMHypra, ot pemeHHa kotopoh 3aBHcHT pa3BopanrnaHHe KocMoroHHnecKoro nponecca, TaKHM o6pa3oM, coctoht b HaxoxaeHHH h BHaeaeHHH h3 H3HanaabHoñ 3MeHHon cMemaHHocTH xeHcKoro Hanaaa, BonaomaeMoro oxHaaromeñ cBoero H36aBHTeaa aeBon. BbiaeaeHHe 3Toro Hanaaa aeaaeTca bo3moxhhm, Koraa 3Men, b onpeaeaeHHbin MoMeHT cBoen KocMoroHHnecKoñ 3BoaronHH, pa3aBaHBaeTca. OaHaKo 3tot nponecc, pe3yabraTOM KoToporo aoaxHa 6biaa cTaTb KocMocHcTeMa, 6aoKHpyeTca h KocMoroHHnecKoe aBHxeHHe noaynaeT apyroe HanpaBaeHHe.
CoraacHo KocMoroHHH aaaKoB (MxHoe BopHeo), b Hanaae BpeMeH "BcaKaa Bemb 6biaa norpyxeHa b rpoMaaHyro nacTb BoaHoro 3Mea, cBepHyToro KoabnaMH"7. KocMoroHHnecKHH nponecc stricto sensu HanHHaeTca b tot MoMeHT, Koraa aBe ropbi noaHHMaroTca KBepxy h cTaaKHBaroTca Mexay co6on, b pe3yabTaTe nero h3 rop ocBo6oxaaroTca pa3aHHHbie KocMHnecKHe o6teKTH (o6aaKa, He6o, ropbi, ayHa, coaHne). BoaHHH 3Men cHMBoaH3HpyeT 3aecb aoKocMoroHHnecKoe eaHHcTBo. ^BaeHHe aByx rop moxho HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb KaK Bo3HHKHoBeHHe nepBon onno3HnHH, "pacKaabiBaromeñ" nepBoÓHTHoe "3MeHHoe eaHHcTBo", KoTopoe TpaHc^opMHpyeTca nepe3 paa noTpaceHHn b opraHH3oBaHHHH kocmoc.
KocMoroHHnecKH nponecc pa3Bopa^HBaeTca b aByx naaHax: KocMoroHHnecKoM h TeoroHHnecKoM. 3Men TpaHc^opMHpyeTca b BepxoBHoro Bora-aeMHypra8, b pe3yabTaTe
6	O K0CM0r0HHqecK0M coaepxaHHH CBA^eHHoro 6paKa cm.: T. A. HeBHHTOH, CBa^eHHHH 6paK, b: Mh$h Hapo^oB MHpa, t. 2, M. 1987, cc. 422-423.
7	R. Pettazzoni, Miti e leggende. In principio. Miti delle origini, 35, Torino 1990, p. 128.
8	CoraacHo KoMMemaropy, 3Meñ "ecTb o6pa3 nepBo6brmoro oKeaHa, h b cbom oqepeab MH^HqecKHH npao6pa3 BeaHKoro 6ora-TBop^a MaxaTaabi" (R. Pettazzoni, Cit. nota 2, p. 128). nepBo6biTHbm oKeaH ecTb cpeaa, b kotopoh 3Men 3apoxaaeTca h H3HaiaabHo npe6HBaeT. B 3tom cMHcae 3Men ecTb "o6pa3" KaK nepBaa nepcoHH-
O KOGMoroHHneGKOH ocHOBe MoxHBa "aMea h ^eBbi" b GBaaH g mothbom "cxpaHGXBHa b no^aeMHoe napcxBo"
nero KOCMoroHHHecKHH nponecc nepecTaeT ÖHTb cepHeH cnGHTaHHbix "cGTpaceHHH" h "pac^enjeHHË" nepBoSbiTHoro e^HHCTBa, a pa^GM nocjeflGBaTejbHHx fleöcTBHH, aaBepmaro^Hxca coa^aHHeM aeMjH, t. e. TBep^GH gchgbh nocpe^H nepBGÖHTHGrG OKeaHa. OflHGBpeMeHHG paaBopanHBaeTca aMeHHoe Tejo, b peayjbTaTe nero HaHanajbHaa "cBepHyTaa" CTpyKTypa TpaHc(opMHpyeTca b "paaBepHyTyro", CHMBGjHaHpyeMyro flepeBOM9.
B peayjbTaTe paapymeHHa ^epeBa xh3hh ^ByMa nTHnaMH-HGCGporaMH10 Ha paajHnHMx 3jeMeHTOB flepeBa GÖpaayroTca Mope, peKH, poflOHanajbHHKH njeMeHHbix rpynn h jG^Ka, b kgtgpgh noMe^aroTca MyxnHHa h xeH^HHa, npoHcme^mHe TeM hjh hhmm GÖpaaGM GT ^epeBa. 9tg nocje^Hee oöcToaTejbCTBO aacjyxHBaeT gcgögto BHHMaHHa, nGCKGJbKy pacKpMBaeT TaÖHbie npHnHHbi paapymeHHa nTHnaMH-HGCGporaMH flepeBa. no bh^hmgcth nTHnbi-HGCGporH, caMKa h caMen, ÖGpaTca apyr c apyroM aa GÖja^aHHe njo^aMH ^epeBa. B fleöcTBHTejbHOCTH ghh öopaTca c ^epeBOM. HTHnbi-HGCGporH npeflCTaBjaroT ^Ba acneKTa BepxGBHoro Bora-^eMHypra MaxaTajH11 — xeHCKHH h MyxcKGH. CoGTBeTCTBeHHG, rjaBHGH nejbro paapymeHHa ^epeBa agjxhg öhjg ÖHTb BbiflejeHHe Ha "aMeHHGro e^HHCTBa", npHHaBmero b peayjbTaTe pa^a TpaHCT^GpManHH (opMy flepeBa, xeH^HHbi h MyxnHHH. H fleöcTBHTejbHO, caMKa nTHna-HGCGpor agjöht kjmbgm yajGBaTGCTH ^epeBa, Ha kgtgphx Bbi^ejaeTca xeH^HHa12.
Cy^ecTBeHHG npoHcxox^eHHe xeH^HHbi Henocpe^CTBeHHO gt ^epeBa. MyxnHHa pox^aeTca Ha KjeHKoro Öejoro Mxa, BbinjroHyTGrG caMKGH nTHnb-HGCopora13, t. e. gt
nTHnb, GnjGflGTBGpeHHGH MxGM. Cy^eCTBeHHG TaKXe OTOXfleCTBjeHHe pGXfleHHGH GT flepeBa xeH^HHbi c nranen-HOCoporoM caMKGH h bg^hhm aMeeM14. XeH^HHa njHBeT no nepBGÖHTHGMy OKeaHy b xejTGH jo^Ke, MyxnHHa — b nepHOH. B KaKGH-TG MOMeHT jGflKH CTajKHBaroTca, nocje nero MyxnHHa aaMenaeT npHcyTCTBHe xeHqHHH h GÖpa^aeTca k HeH c npe^roxeHHeM coe^HHHTbca c hhm. XeH^HHa corjamaeTca, hg CTaBHT ycjGBHa, KGTGpbe MyxnHHe npeflCTaBjaroTca HeHcnojHHMHMH: gh flGjxeH HaHTH aeMjro b öecKGHenHGM GKeaHe h BoaBecTH Ha HeH ^Bopen.
(HKanHa SeajHnHOH gxhxhh b (opMe KOHKpexHoro cy^ecTBa. B xeKGxe ^eMHypr Maxaxaja, BGxynaro^HH b GBa^eHHHH SpaK g Bbime^meH Ha nepBOÖHXHHx boä öorHHeH: flxaxoH, onpe^ejaeTca KaK Boähhh 3Mefl (R. Pettazzoni, Cit., p. 130).
9	flepeBO xh3hh aBjaeTca b peayjbxaxe xpaHG(opManHH manKH BepxoBHoro Bora-^eMHypra Maxaxajb (R. Pettazzoni, Cit., p. 130); ^epeBO "npoHapacxaex" nocpe^H nepBoSbXHoro OKeaHa, nxo, ^yMaexca, Moxex GjyxHXb KOGBeHHHM yKaaaHHeM Ha ero "aMeHHoe" npoHGxox^eHHe.
10	R. Pettazzoni, Cit., pn. 131-132.
11	O Maxaxaje roBopHTca KaK o nxHne-HOGopore, rocno^HHe aojoxoH ropb (R. Pettazzoni, Cit., pn. 128-129). locnoxoH GaMKH nxHnb-HOGopora HaaHBaexca HyxHp CejOHr HaHrHX, cecxpa Maxaxajb, npe^GxaBjaro^aa xeHGKHH acneKX BepxoBHoro Bora-^eMHypra.
12	R. Pettazzoni, Cit., pn. 131-132.
13	Ibid., p. 132.
14	MyxnHHa oôpa^aeTca k njbray^eË g hhm b jjo^Ke xeH^HHe g npefljoxeHHeM Goe^HHHXbGa g hhm. "HxHna-HOGopor yjHÖHyjaGb, aaxeM Ha MrHOBeHHe npHaa^yMajacb. Ta, Koxopaa 6bja xaKxe GaMKOH BO^Horo aMea, yjMÖHyjacb h cpaay xe, He ^ojro ÄYMaa, oxBexHja: "Hxo KacaeTca MeHa, a He HMero HHnero npoxHB XBoero npe^joxeHHa, o 6pax: Sojee xoro, a GorjacHa, mh noxeHHMca h Goe^HHHMGa ^pyr g ^pyroM...." (R. Pettazzoni, Cit., p. 132). flonojHHxejbHHM yKaaaHHeM Ha "aMeHHoe" cbohctbo KaK ^epeBa, xaK h npoHaome^meH ox Hero xeH^HHH Moxex cjyxHTb oSpaaoBaBmaaca b peayjbxaxe xpaHG(opManHH noneK xejxaa jio^Ka, b KOxopoH noMe^aeTca xeH^HHa. CorjaGHO KOMMeHxapHro, "penb H^ex o "aojoxoH jio^Ke" (Banama Bulau) hjh "jo^Ke aMee"", GHMBOjHaHpyro^eË "BO^Horo aMea Maxaxajy" (R. Pettazzoni, Cit., p. 131, nota 1; ccbijKa Ha: H. Schörer, Die Gottesidee der Ngadju Dajak in Süd-Borneo, Leida 1946, pp. 76-83).
B peayabraTe cToaKHOBeHHa Mexay aByMa ropaMH BoaHHKaroT o6aaKa, He6o, jiyHa, coaHne15. OaHaKO nocKoabKy HeT aeMaH, t. e. TBepaon MaTepHaabHon onopbi, penb MoxeT HaTH ToabKO o noTeHnHaabHHx aaeMeHTax, KOTopne aKTyajHaHpyroTca KaK peaabHbie KocMHHecKHe oöteKTH nocae coaaaHHa aeMaH-onopbi nocpeaH nepBOÖHTHoro OKeaHa. 3HaHHMO, HTO coaaaHHe aeMaH paccMaTpHBaeTca BepxoBHHM BoroM-aeMHyproM MaxaTaaon KaK orpaHHneHHe öecKOHe^Horo. BHaa MyxnHHy h xeHmHHy, oh aaaaeTca BonpocoM: "KaK bo3moxho, htoöh 6epera MHpa npoTaHyaHcb HacToabKO, htoöh orpaHHHHTb hhcthh OKeaH? H KaK ohh MoraH 6h npoTaHyTbca TaK, htoöh oöpaaoBaTb mHpoKoe no6epexbe?"16. BMecTe c rpbiayHOM 3eMaH h OpraHHHHTeaeM He6a MaxaTaaa coaaaeT aeMaro. Bbimeamaa Ha MopcKon 6eaaHH 6orHHa flxaTa ctpoht Ha ceMH nacTeö xeaToro aepeBa17, co6paHHHx BMecTe MaxaTaaon, aoM, nocae nero xeHmHHa coeaHHaeTca c MyxHHHOH. BepxoBHHn Bor-aeMHypr MaxaTaaa BMecTe co cbohmh noMomHHKaMH, TpbiayHOM 3eMaH h 6orHHen flxaTon coaaaeT, TaKHM o6paaoM, ocHOBy-paMKy aaa aaabHenmen aeMypranecKOÖ aeaTeabHocTH. Hepea coeaHHeHHe MyxHHHbi h XeHmHHbi ocymecTBaaeTca nepeBoa noTeHUHanbHHx aaeMeHTOB b peaabHHe aeMHHe o6teKTH.
B KocMoroHHH 3aKOHOB MaHy CaMocymHn, "BoaHaMepHBmHcb npoHaBecTH Ha cBoero Teaa paaaHHHbie cymecTBa, oh BHanaae coTBopHa BoaH h b hhx HcnycTHa cBoe ceMa. Oho cTaao aoaoTHM annoM, no 6aecKy paBHHM coaHny; b HeM oh caM poaHaca [KaK] BpaxMa, npapoaHTeab Bcero MHpa" (I, 8-9)18. CymecTBeHHO, hto paaaHHHbie cymecTBa, a TaKxe KocMH^ecxne o6teKTH coaaaroTca He HenocpeacTBeHHO Ha Teaa CaMocymero, a npH nocpeaHHnecTBe apyroro aeMHypra, BpaxMH: "Oh, 6oxecTBeHHbrä, npoxHB b TOM anne neabrä roa, caM xe cHaon cBoe MbicaH paaaeaHa aTO anno HaaBoe; h Ha Tex aByx noaoBHHOK oh coaaaa He6o h aeMaro, Mexay hhmh aTMoc^epy (vyoman), BoceMb cTpaH cBeTa h BenHoe MecTonpe6bBaHHe Boa" (I, 12-13).
"PaaaeaHB cBoe Teao, oh (BpaxMa. — M. E.) craa nocpeacTBOM [oaHon] noaoBHHH MyxHHHOÖ, [apyron] noaoBHHH — xeHmHHon; ot Hee tot BaaaHKa npoHaBea BHpaaxa. Ho aHanTe, aocTOHHeömHe Ha aBaxabi poxaeHHbix, hto a, KOToporo coaaaa caM MyxHHHa BHpaax, HcnoaHHB noKaaHHe, TBopen Bcero aToro [MHpa]. H a, xeaaa npoHaBecTH cymecTBa, coBepmHB BecbMa TpyaHbin aaa HcnoaHeHHa acKeTHnecKHÖ noaBHr (tapas), coaaaa cHanaaa BaaaHK cymecTB — aecaTb BeaHKHx pHmH" (I, 32—34). 9th nocaeaHHe coaaaroT 6oroB, paaaHHHbie KaaccH cBepxtecTecTBeHHHx cymecTB (I, 35-37), a TaKxe MoaHHH, TyHH, He6ecHHe cBeTHaa, xhbothhx, nTHn, pbi6 h aroaen. TBopeHHe, ocymecTBaaeMoe aecaTbro 6oraMH-aeMHypraMH, KaK 6h HaKaaaHBaeTca Ha TBopeHHe BpaxMH, o KOTopoM roBopHTca, hto "oh coaaaa Bce cymecTBa" (I, 16). 9to npoTHBope^He ecTecTBeHHHM o6paaoM paapemaeTca, ecaH paccMaTpHBaTb aeMHypra BpaxMy KaK coaaaTeaa HaeaabHbix (HaH noTeHnHaabHbix) cymHocTen, a pHmen — KaK MaaHx aeMHyproB, coaaaromHx Ha ocHOBaHHH aTHx cymHocTen BemHbin kocmoc h aanoaHaromHx ero xhbhmh cymecTBaMH. 3HanHMO, hto nepexoa ot HaeaabHoro TBopeHHa BpaxMH k peaabHOMy TBopeHHro aecaTH pHmen HMeeT b KanecTBe cBoero npeaBapHTeabHoro ycaoBHa paaaeaeHHe 6ora-aeMHypra Ha aBe noaoBHHH — MyxcKyro h xeHcKyro.
15	R. Pettazzoni, Cit., p. 129.
16	Ibid, p. 133.
17	Beabie no^KH aepeBa xh3hh npeBpamaroTca b aoaKy H3 xeaToro aepeBa bangkirai (R. Pettazzoni, Cit., p. 131). EcTecTBeHHO npeanoaoxHTb, Tro xeaToe aepeBO, H3 KOToporo cTpoHTca aBope^ h aepeBO bangkirai aBaaroTca aaeMeHTaMH paapymeHHoro nTHuaMH-HocoporaMH aepeBa xh3hh.
18	d^ht. b nepeBoae C. fl. 9abMaHOBma no: 3aKOHH MaHy, M. 1992.
O KOCMOFOHHHeCKOH OCHOBe MOXHBa "aMea H fleBbl" B CBS3H C MOTHBOM "cXpaHCXBHa B nOffíeMHOe ^pCXBO"
CoFnacHO op^HHecKoä KOCMOFOHHH, "Bona öbina [...] b HaHane, h MaTepHa, h3 ynnOTHeHHa kotopoh oöpaaoBanacb aeMna, nonaFaa nepBHMH sth nBa HaHana, Bony h aeMnro. 9Ta [aeMna] no npHpone paenanaromaaea, Ta [Bona] xe CKpennaromaa h eonepxamaa 3Ty [aeMnro]. K sthm nByM [HaHanaM] noöaBnaeTca npyFoe, o KOTopoM He FOBopHTCa. [To 0ÖCT0aTenbCTB0, hto] o HeM [npyroM HaHane] He FOBopHTCa, yKaaHBaeT Ha eFO HeBHpaaHMyro npHpony. TpeTbe HaHano, [enenyromee] noCne sthx nByx, ot hhx [npoHaomno], t. e. ot Bonbi h aeMnH; h sto — aMeH, HMeBmHH CBepxy FonoBH öbiKa h nbBa, a Mexny hhmh nHno öoFa; Ha nneHax y HeFO TaKxe öbinH Kpbinba, h oh aBanea HeCTaperomee BpeMa [...] aMeH nopoxnaeT TpoöHoe noTOMCTBo: BnaxHbrä 3^Hp, öeenpenenbHbrä XaoC h TpeTbHM, CBepx sthx, TyMaHHbrä 9pe6 [...] b hhx oh poxnaeT anno [...] b HeM nHana npHpon, MyxCKaa h xeHCKaa, a TaKxe MHOxeCTBO CeMaH BCaKOFO pona noepenH [...] CBepx tofo öecTenecHHH öof, aonoTHe Kpbinba Ha nneHax HMeromHH, no CTopoHaM — ÖHHbH FonoBH, a CBepxy — FonoBy yxaCHOFO aMea"19.
OHeBHflHO exoncTBO öecTenecHOFO öoFa co 3MeeM, hto noaBonaeT FOBopHTb o poxnaromeMca Ha aäna neMHypFe KaK oö alter ego 3Mea-Xp0H0ca. CymecTBeHHO npHcyTCTBHe b aäne KaK MyxcKOH, TaK h xeHCKOH npHponbi. CnenyeT npennonoxHTb, hto aKTyanHaanHa ceMaH oeymecTBnaeTca npH noepencTBe sthx nByx npHHnHnoB. nocne^Hee 0ÖCT0aTenbCTB0 noaBonaeT naTb KOCMOFOHHHecKoe 0Ö0CH0BaHHe coe^HHeHeHHro mothbob "aöna" h "cBameHHOFO öpaKa" b CKaaKax o CTpaHCTBHH no noaaeMHOMy napcTBy. ^öno MOxeT OTcyTCTBOBaTb; HeHaMeHHOH, onHaKO, ocTaeTca apxeTHnHHecKaa cxeMa: FepoH BCTpeHaeT b nonaeMHOM napcTBe neBHn, nonHHMaeT hx b BepxHHÖ MHp, aaTeM caM bhxo^ht h xeHHTca Ha o^hoh Ha neBHn. PaaBopaHHBaHHe aHn b oflHOM cnyHae (140) npencTaBnaeTca HHKaK He CBaaaHHHM c aaKnroHeHHeM paccKaaa; b apyroM (130) — oho cnyxHT ana BHnonHeHHa yenoBHH, KOTopHe CTaBHT napeBHa ana xeHHTbÖH Ha Heö. Moxho enenaTb npennonoxeHHe, hto paaBopaHHBaHHe aöna h aKTyanHaanHa conepxamHxea b HeM noTeHnHanbHbix sneMeHTOB ecTb enencTBHe öpaKa Fepoa c napeBHOö nonaeMHOFO napcTBa. CooTBeTCTBeHHO, FnaBHOH neMHypFHHecKOH aanaHeö Fepoa CTaHOBHTca HaBneHeHHe Ha aMeHHOH CMemaHHOCTH, xapaKTepHayromeö nonaeMHoe napcTBO, xeHCKOFO HaHana h coenHHeHHa c hhm, nocne HeFO npoHcxonHT paaBopaHHBaHHe "aöna" b Be^Hbrä npocTpaHCTBeHHbiH kocmoc.
9to "HaBneHeHHe" oeymecTBnaeTca b onHOM cnyHae b peaynbTaTe OTpyöaHHa aMeHHbx FonoB, b npyroM — önaFonapa np0CT0My nepeMemeHHro neBHn (128). 9tot nocnenHHH BapHaHT npencTaBnaeTca HaHÖonee HHTepecHHM, nocKonbKy oöxonHTca öea 9$$eKmnux cuen. Hepea pan nepenBHxeHHH Fepoa ot onHoH neBHnbi k npyFOH h 0ÖpaTH0F0 nBHxeHHa BMecTe c neBHnaMH ("fflnH na mnH, h nomnH no cepeöpaHOFO napcTBa — TyT BaanH c coöoh neBHny; onaTb mnH na mnH, h nomnH no MenHOFO napcTBa — h TyT BaanH neBHny, h Bee nomnH no nbipbi, Ha kotopoh HanoÖHO BbineaaTb") npoHcxonHT OTneneHHe neBHn ot hx aMeHHOH ochobh. B stom OTneneHHH-BHneneHHH Ha HaHaHanbHOH HynoBH^HOö CMemaHHOCTH FeHepaTHBHO-xeHCKOFO HaHana coctoht ocHOBHoe neMHypFHHecKoe neöcTBHe Fepoa.
CaMoeymHH, poxnaro^HÖ neMHypFa b aöne (3aKonu Many I, 9), BbinenaeT Ha eaMOFO eeöa sneMeHT, sBonronna KOTopoFO b OFpaHHHeHHOM npocTpaHCTBe aöna HMeeT CBOHM peaynbTaTOM nepexon ot HneanbHOFO (HnH apxeTHnHHecK0F0) enHHCTBa aöna k peanbHOH mhpoboh MHOxecTBeHHOCTH. ^öno, TaKHM oöpaaoM, moxho paecMaTpHBaTb
19 Kern, 54. Damasc. De princ. 123 bis (I 317, 15 Rue.).
KaK CpeflHee 3BeH0 MeXAy AOKOCMOrOHHHeCKHM eAHHCTBOM H KOCMOrOHHHeCKOH
MHOxecTBeHHOCTbro. B anie H3HananbH0e eAHHCTBO, b CHny CBoen 0Tr0p0xeHH0CTH ot 6eCKOHeHHOH "3MeHH0H MaCCbl", CTaHOBHTCa HHHM nO OTHOmeHHro K 3T0H eflHHOH "MaCCe", npeTepneBaa BHyTpeHHroro AH^^epeHiHaiHro, OAHaKO Ha CaMOM aneMeHTapHOM ypoBHe. H n03T0My "anio-eAHHCTBo" HyxAaeTca b pacKanbiBaHHH-pa3B0panHBaHHH.
Pa3B0panHBaa H3 anna iapcTB0 (hah ABopei), CKa30HHbiñ repon-AeMHypr AH^^epeHiHpyeT CBepHyTHe b anie coAepxaHHa, K0T0pbie, OAHaKO, b nonHon Mepe MoryT pacKpHTbca h peanH30BaTbca KaK 0praHH30BaHHbiñ kocmoc T0nbK0 npH ynacTHH h COTpyflHHneCTBe xeHCKoro Havana, BHAeneHHoro H3 xaoranecKoft "3MeHH0n MaCCH". CKa3KH o CTpaHCTBHH no n0A3eMH0My iapcTBy h 6opb6e CO 3MeeM onHCHBaroT, KaK HaM KaxeTca, apxeTHnmecKyro cmyaiHro CBepHyTOCTH 3aKnroneHHHx b anie coAepxaHHn. B flenCTBHTenbHOCTH (n03B0nHM Ce6e CAenaTb aTO yTBepxAeHHe) repon-AeMHypr CTpaHCTByeT He no n0A3eMH0My MHpy hah yTpo6e xTOHHnecKoro nyAOBH^a20, a no aniy b noHCKax AeBH, K0T0pyro oh BHAenaeT H3 xaoTHnecKon "MaCCH" BHyTpH anna.
9to "BHfleneHHe" CTaHOBHTCa bo3moxhhm b CHny Toro, hto "MaCCa" nepecrana 6HTb cnnomHon h b Hen o6o3HanHnacb, nyCTb Aaxe Ha CaMOM aneMeHTapHOM ypoBHe, onpe^eneHHaa AHBepreHiHa. B CKa3Ke 162 repon 0Ka3HBaeTCa b iapcTBe, KOTopoe "6onbme neM HanonoBHHy BTaHyno b xpyCTanbHyro ropy", b kotopoh 3aKnroneHa noxn^eHHaa 3MeeM iapeBHa. Tepon AonxeH y6HTb 3Mea, hto6h A06biTb H3 ero HyTpa "CeMenKo", C n0M0^bro KOToporo oh CMOxeT "xpyCTanbHyro ropy H3BeCTH", t. e. ot CMepTH 3Mea 3aBHCHT CMepTb ropH21.
C KOCMOrOHHHeCKOH TOHKH 3peHHa "H3BeAeHHe" ropH paBH03HaHH0 paCKanHBaHHro H3HananbHoro xonMa (hah anna) C ienbro ocBo6oxaeHHa coAepxa^Hxca b HeM aneMeHTOB KOCMOCa22. "BTarHBaHHe" b ropy iapcTBa moxho paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK Cne^CTBHe aHTponHnecKon TeHAeHiHH k 06paTH0My CMHKaHHro pa3AenHBmHxca aneMeHTOB. B aTOM KOCMoroHHnecKOM KOHTeKCTe CTaHOBHTCa noHaTHon CBa3b "H3Be^eHHa ropH" C "H36aBneHHeM iapeBHH". D,apeBHa noxH^aeTca 3MeeM h 3aKnronaeTCa b ropy, t. e. HeñTpanrayeTca xeHCKoe "pa3AenHTenbH0e" Hanano, noCne nero CHHMaeTCa nocneAHee npenaTCTBHe Ana OKOHnaTenbHoro cmhkshha b rope pa3fleneHHbix b npeAmecTByro^eM KOCMoroHHnecKOM npoiecce aneMeHTOB23. Moxho TaKxe npeAnonoxHTb, hto no npHHHHe HenonHon OTAeneHHOCTH ot CBoen "3MeHH0n ochobh" iapeBHa nepHOAHnecKH "norno^aeTca" 3MeeM-ropon.
nonHoe OTAeneHHe iapeBHH ot ee "3MeHH0n ochobh" aBnaeTca TeMon CKa3KH 575. 3Men 3Aecb — He noxmwrenb iapeBHH, a ee nro60BHHK. ,n,eHCTBHa repoa h ero
20	Cp., HanpHMep, CTpaHCTBHe hhahhckoto My^pe^ MapKaH^eH no yTpo6e naaBaro^ero no nepB06biTH0My OKeaHy Ha Koab^x 3Mea BHmHy. 9tot yrpo6Hbm MHp BbiBO^nrca bo BHemHee np0CTpaHCTB0 c n0M0^bro a0T0ca, BbipacTaro^ero H3 nyna BHmHy (H. Zimmer, Miti e simboli dell'India, Milano 1993, pp. 34-56).
21	O 3Mee KaK 06 o^hom oco6om acneKTe H3HanaabHoro xoaMa HaH KaK o CHae conpoTHBaeHHa 3Toro xoaMa cm.: O. E. Kennep, OcHoeononazam^aa KOHU,enu,ua eeduücKoü penuzuu, e: E. fl. Keünep, Tpydu no eeduücKoü Mu^onozuu, M. 1986, C. 3).
22	Cp.: "Oh [HH^pa] y6HBaeT ^paKOHa, h H3 xoaMa, BCKpbiToro ero CHaon, BHpHBaeTca xH3Hb b ^Byx (^opMax - bo^h h orHa" (O. E. Kennep, Uum., c. 3)).
23	O pa3fleanreabH0ñ (yHKUHH xeHCKoro Hanaaa CBH^eTeabCTByeT cae^yro^aa yrp03a 6orHHH HmTap: OTKporo a BpaTa npeHcno^Hen, / üo^HHMy a MepTBHx, ito6 xhbhx noxpaaH, / CTaHeT MeHbme Tor^a xhbhx, neM MepTBHx (9noc o THabraMeme, VI, 98-100), nepeBO^ H. M. flbaKOHOBa, M. 1961, c. 42), t. e. ot xeHCKoro 6oxecTBa 3aBHCHT coxpaHeHHe (yH^aMeHTaabHon onno3HUHH Mex^y ^ByMa MHpaMH.
noMomHHKa HMeeroT cBoen nenbro oTnaneHHe napeBHbi ot 3Mea: repon 6beT napeBHy nanKon, a ero noMomHHK 6beTca co 3MeeM, cxHraeT 3MeHHoe TynoBHme c oTpy6neHHHMH ronoBaMH h pa3BeHBaeT nenen no HHcTOMy nonro. Teno 3Mea — "KaMeHHoe" ("3Men-ropa"), hto no3BonaeT paccMaTpHBaTb cxnraHHe h pa36pacHBaHHe nenna KaK pa3neneHHe aneMeHToB, cBepHyTHx b Tene 3Mea. OroHb cxHraeT cBa3H Mexny 3neMeHTaMH, nocne nero 3th aneMeHTH pacxonaTca ("pa3BeHBaroTca") h opraHH3yroTca neMHyproM KaK cHcTeMa KocMHnecKHx o6teKToB.
3HanHMo, hto "Tpynbi" noMomHHKa He oKaHHHBaroTca yÓHncTBoM 3Mea-nro6oBHHKa h cxnraHHeM ero Tena: noMomHHK pa3py6aeT napeBHy HanBoe, h h3 ee npeBa BHnon3aroT BcaKHe ranbi, kotoph croparoT Ha 3apaHee npHroToBneHHoM KocTpe. 3aTeM noMomHHK coenHHaeT pa3py6neHHoe Ha nacTH Teno napeBHH, BcnpbicKHBaeT ero xhboh Bonon, h napeBHa oxHBaeT, cnenaBmHcb "cTonb xe KpoTKoro, cKonbKo npexne 6bina 3noro", t. e. npoHcxonHT oKoHnaTenbHoe o^HmeHHe xeHcKoro aneMeHTa, BHneneHHoro repoeM H3 o6men "3MeHHon Maccbi", nocne nero 3tot aneMeHT TpaHc^opMHpyeTca b "KpoTKoe" xeHcKoe cymecTBo, cnoco6Hoe poxnaTb npyrHe cymecTBa h TaKHM o6pa3oM coynacTBoBaTb b neMHypranecKoM nponecce.
B BHcmen cTeneHH 3HanHMa b 3toh cKa3Ke ponb noMomHHKa. Oh paccKa3HBaeT o ce6e: "S Ha3HBarocb HBamKa 6enaa py6amKa, BenHKHn epeTHK; MaTb npoKnana MeHa, Benena cnenaTb rpo6 h, nonoxHB Tyna, 3aKpHTb Harnyxo KpbimKoro h Ha6HTb xene3HHe o6pyHH, a noToM 6pocHna MeHa b Mope. ^Ba rona nnaBan a no Mopro, hhkto MeHa He B3an; onHH th cxanHnca. Bbro nenoM 3a Moe H36aBneHHe h 6yny Te6e BepHHM cnyroro". B KoHne paccKa3a, nocne Toro, KaK HBamKa pa3py6Hn h oxHBHn napeBHy, oh cTaHoBHTca HeBHnHMHM. Moxho cKa3aTb, hto repon ocBo6oxnaeT nyx MepTBoro nocpencTBoM BbiHeceHHa ero rpo6a H3 3h6koh xna6H Bon Ha TBepnyro ocHoBy 3eMnH.
B oTHomeHHH noMomHHKa HBamKH moxho 6bino 6h 3anaTb tot xe Bonpoc, hto h b oTHomeHHH neBHn non3eMHon cTpaHH: oTKyna oh 3HaeT o nro6oBHHx oTHomeHHax napeBHH co 3MeeM h o ee HanonHeHHocTH BcaKHMH ranaMH? EcnH paccMaTpHBaTb nnaBaromHn no nepBo6biTHbiM BonaM ("Mopro") rpo6 KaK anno, a anno — KaK napcTBo, BepoaTHHM cTaHoBHTca npennonoxeHHe, hto "MepTBen" HBamKa ecTb Bce3HaromHn nyx 3Toro 3MeHHoro napcTBa-anna, Kyna npHxonHT repon, xenaa xeHHTbca Ha KoponeBHe Tpyne. H 3tot nyx HanpaBnaeT repoa k HeBenoMon nna Hero nenH. H nencTBHTenbHo, BHcaxHBaacb Ha 3eMnro h 3apHBaa nono6paHHbin b Mope rpo6, Cma-napeBHH HneT "Kyna rna3a rnanaT, onHH-onHHemeHeK", t. e. oh HneT coBepmeHHo 6ecnenbHo. D,enb eMy 3anaeT npyron. HBamKa roBopHT reporo: "EcnH xenaemb xeHHTbca, to a 3Haro npeKpacHyro KoponeBHy Tpyny". Moxho cKa3aTb, hto HBamKa o6onbmaeT repoa, BcnencTBHe nero ero nBHxeHHa cTaHoBaTca neneHanpaBneHHHMH, xoTa cMHcna nencTBHn cBoero "noMomHHKa" repon He noHHMaeT, hto 3acTaBnaeT 3anaTbca BonpocoM, kto 3necb KoMy noMoraeT. OcHoBHyro "pa6oTy" HcnonHaeT HBamKa: oh oTpy6aeT ronoBy 3Mero, a CHna-napeBHH b 3to BpeMa 6beT nanKon KoponeBHy, npenaTcTBya en, KaK moxho npennonoxHTb, npHnTH 3Mero Ha noMomb.
Bonee yMecTHo b naHHoM cnynae 6bino 6h roBopHTb o nenax noMomHHKa, kotophx repon noMoraeT eMy no6HTbca. KaKHe 3to nenH? XeHHTb repoa, t. e. BbinenHTb H3 xaoTHnecKon "3MeHHon Maccbi" xeHcKoe h MyxcKoe Hanana, npH nocpencTBe kotophx ocymecTBHnca 6h nepexon ot 3aKpHToro anna k oTKpHToMy KocMocy. B tot MoMeHT, Korna "noMomHHK" nocTHraeT cBoen nenH, oh Hcne3aeT, nocKonbKy Hcne3aeT He6e3pa3nHHHaa "3MeHHaa Macca", MepTBHM nyxoM kotopoh oh aBnanca. B 3tot caMbin
MOMeHT HacTynaeT HCTHHHoe H36aBaeHHe HBamKH-MepTBena KaK ayxa 3aKpHTOCTH, XaOTHHeCKOH TeCHOTH, flOKOCMOrOHHHeCKOH CMepTH24 .
B Op^HneCKOH KOCMOrOHHH (Kern 54) 3MeH npeacTaBaeH KaK KOHenHbiH nyHKT nponecca ynaoTHeHHa nepBo6biTHbix boa h o6pa3OBaHHa Teaa, t. e. 3MeH eCTb Teao par excellence, b pe3yabTaTe pacnaeHeHHa KOTOpOrO b nocaeayromeM KOCMoroHHnecKOM npOneCCe CO3aaeTCa CHCTeMa npOCTpaHCTBeHHO OpraHH3OBaHHbix KOCMHHeCKHX O6teKTOB. AHaaOrnHHOH CxeMe caeayroT HHaHHCKHe KOCMOrOHHH: b YnaHHmaaax aOKOCMOrOHHneCKOe 6oxecrao BHanaae BonaomaeTca, a 3aTeM pa3aeaaeTca, co3aaBaa H3 nacTeH CBOerO Teaa KOCMHnecKHe o6,beKTbi25; CaMOcymHH BHanaae poxaaeTca KaK TeaO, H3 aaeMeHTOB KOTOpOrO b COeaHHeHHH c aaeMeHTaMH aHna 6Or-aeMHypr BpaxMa CO3aaeT BCe cymecTBa (3aKOHH MaHy I, 16).
"3MeHHaa" ^opMa Teaa yKa3HBaeT, KaK KaxeTca, Ha CBepTHBaHHe kocmotohh-necKoro nponecca, kotophh h3 noaroTOBHTeabHOH CTaaHH HapamHBaHHa Teaa aoaxeH 6bia 6h nepeHTH b nponecc pacnaeHeHHa Teaa h opraHH3anHH BHaeaeHHHx 3aeMeHTOB b KOCMOCHCTeMy. "TeaO" CTaHOBHTca HenpOHHuaeMHM, "ropoH", c KOTopoH aeMHypr-repoH BCTynaeT b 6opb6y. repoHnecKaa MH^oaorHa HMeeT CBoeH apxeTHnmecKOH OCHOBOH 3TOT KpHTHHeCKHH MOMeHT KOCMOrOHHHeCKOrO npOneCCa.
Hepe3 "aHno" ocymecTBaaeTca nepexoa ot oaHoro KOCMoroHHnecKoro ypoBHa k apyroMy. flo Toro, KaK bhhth h3 aHna BpaxMa, npoxHa b HeM neabiH roa (PaKOHH MaHy I, 12)26. ECTeCTBeHHO npeanoaoxHTb, hto Ha npoTaxeHHH 3Toro roaa b aHne HMeaH MeCTO nponeccbi, pe3yabTaTOM kotophx 6biao poxaeHHe 6ora-aeMHypra, a TaKxe o6pa3OBaHHe 3aeMeHTOB, KOTopHe noCae pacKaaHBaHHa aHna CTaHOBaTca MaTepHaaoM 6yaymero MHpa. 06 3tom TaHHOM nponecce b MH^e HHnero He roBopmxa, h no3TOMy mh aoaxHH o6paTHTbCa k apyrHM HCTOHHHKaM, kotophmh, no HameMy MHeHHro, aBaaroTca CKa3KH27.
TepoH nepeHOCHT aHno H3 HHXHero MHpa b BepxHHH, h 3to ero aeHcTBHe no3BoaaeT CaeaaTb caeayromee npeanoaoxeHHe: aHno npeacTaBaaeT CBoero poaa "KanCyay", KOTopaa cayxHT aaa nepeHeceHHa coaepxaHHH HHXHero MHpa b BepxHHH. H noCKoabKy HHXHHH MHp B OnpeaeaeHHOM OTHOmeHHH TOXaeCTBeH TpeM napCTBaM, KOTOpHe B HeM HaxoaHT repoH, to onyCKaHHe repoa b noa3eMHoe napcTBO MOxeT paccMaTpHBaTbca KaK onyCKaHHe b aHno. H b CaMOM aeae, hhxhhh mhp no onpeaeaeHHro eCTb CBepHyTHH b Ce6e, t. e. CBoero poaa aHno.
24	06pa3 MaTepH, npoKaHHaromeH HBamKy h aaKaro^aromeH ero b "rpo6", MOxeT, ayMaeTca, 6HTb BO3BeaeH k qyaoBHmHofl nepBOMaTepH (THna aKKaacKOH THaMaT b 3nyMa 3nuw), BeaymeH 6opb6y c 6oraMH-aeMHypraMH, KOTOpHe, c ee to^kh 3peHHa, aoaxHH KaaaTbca "epeTHKaMH", nocKoabKy HMeroT CBoeH ^abro HapymeHHe H3Ha^aabHoro aoKOcMoroHH^ecKoro noKoa-eaHHCTBa h coaaaHHe MHOxecTBeHHoro KOcMOca.
25	Cp.: "Oh paaaeaHaca Ha TpH qacTH: TpeTb — coaH^, TpeTb — BeTep. Oh xe — h abixaHHe, paaaeaeHHoe Ha TpH lacra. Boctok — ero roaoBa, Ta h apyraa cTopoHH — nepeaHHe KOHe^HOcTH, 3anaa — xboct, Ta h apyraa cTopoHH — 6eapa, ror h ceBep — 6oKa; He6o ero cnHHa, Boaayx — 6proxo, 3Ta [aeMaa] — rpyab" (BpYn I, 2, 3; ^t. b nepeB. A. CbipKHHa no: BpHxaaapaHbaKa YnaHHmaaa, M. 1991).
26	Pe^b HaeT o "roae BpaxMb", paBHOM 3 110 400 000 000 qeaoBeiecKHx aeT (3aKOHH MaHy, npHM. I, 72, c. 271).
27	nocae pa6oTH B. H. TonopoBa KpeKoncmpyKU,uu Mu$a o MupoeoM aüu,e (na Mamepuane pyccKux CKasoK.) He ocTaeTca 6oaee HHKaKHx coMHeHHH b KOcMoroHH^ecKoñ ocHOBe cKa3KH Boo6me. B BbcmeH cTeneHH MHoroaHa^HTeabHO aaKaroqeHHe cTaTbH: "H caMoe yaHBHTeabHoe b tom, ito, KaKOH 6h aaHHHOH hh 6baa ^enb nepexoaoB, OHa Bce-TaKH npHBeaeT Hac ot aoaoToro aH^Ka Kypo^KH-pa6b k yMoapHTeabHeñmeñ BceaeHHOH BpaxMb" (c.99).
O K0CM0r0HHqecK0H 0CH0Be MOTHBa "3Mea h AeBbi" b CBS3H c mothbom "cTpaHCTBHa b noA3eMHoe ^pCTBO"
C onyCKaHHeM b n0A3eMH0e napcrao-aftno CBa3aH, KaK HaM KaxeTca, mothb "K0CM0r0HHHeCK0r0 HbipaHHa"28. ^^a Hameft TeMH HaH0OAbmHft HHTepec npeACTaBAaeT BapHaHT, b kotopom CO AHa nepBo6HTHoro OKeaHa BbrnocHTca ropCTb 3eMAH, pacmHpaacb Ha n0BepxH0CTH ao pa3Mep0B 3eMAH b ee aKTyaAbHOM BHAe29. TaKHM 06pa30M, H3 ray6HHbi H3Hana^bHoro boahoto xaoCa A06biBaeTca noTeHnHaAbHbift s.eMeHT, K0T0pbift toao6ho CBepHyTbiM b aftno napcTBaM, pa3Bopa^HBaeTca b 3eM.ro. 9to pa3Bopa^HBaHHe-aKTya^H3anna npoHcxoAHT Ha n0BepxH0CTH OKeaHa (b MH^e) hah b BepxHeM MHpe (b CKa3Ke), hto npeACTaB.aeTca b Bbicmeft CTeneHH napaAOKcaAbHHM, n0CK0AbKy b COCTOaHHH AOKOCMOrOHHHeCKOft CBepHyTOCTH He MOXST Cy^eCTBOBaTb HH Bepxa, HH HH3a. B TaKOM c.ynae, b KaKOM CMbiC.ro c.eAyeT noHHMaTb "n0BepxH0CTb" hah "no^3eMHoe napcTBo"? H hto aoaxho 03HanaTb CBopaHHBaHHe napcTBa b aftno, KorAa repoft HaxoflHTCa b n0TeHnHaAbH0M (CBepHyTOM) MHpe?
U,apcTBa, KOTopne HaxoAHT repoft b n0A3eMH0M MHpe, cy^ecTByroT ao CBopanrna-HHa b aftno, KOTopoe o6pa3yeTCa b pe3y.bTaTe CBopaHHBaHHa napcra. TaKHM 06pa30M, napCTBa npeTepneBaroT ABa nponecca — coKpa^eHHa h paCmHpeHHa, noc.e nero ohh ^HKCHpyroTCa b tph KOCMHnecKHe o6.acTH. C.eAOBaTeAbHO, OCHOBHOft AeMHypranecKoft 3aAaneft, aoaxho aBAaTbCa, BO-nepBbix, CBopaHHBaHHe n0A3eMHHx napcTB b aftno, bo-BTopnx, BHHeCeHHe aftna b BepxHHft MHp, B-TpeTbHx, pa3B0pa^HBaHHe aftna b aKTyaAbHHft MHp, rAe TpH napCTBa COOTBeTCTByTOT TpeM KOCMHHeCKHM 06.aCTaM.
9T0ft CBoeft AeMHyprHneCKoft 3aAanH repoft He MOxeT HCno.HHTb 6e3 n0M0^H AeBHn. n03T0My repoft BHanaAe 0CB060XAaeT AeBHn ot CKOBaHHOCTH b xTOHHnecKoft "MaCCe", nepCOHH^HnHpyeMOft 6a6oft-aroft ("MaTepbro" AeBHn) hah 3MeeM ("noxHTH-Te.eM" hah "am6obhhkom" AeBHn), noC.e nero (n03B0AHM Ce6e CAe.aTb 3to yTBepxAeHHe) napcraa eCTeCTBeHHHM 06pa30M CBopaHHBaroTCa b aftna. C.eAyro^eft 3aAaneft CTaHOBHTCa BHHeCeHHe aftna Ha n0BepxH0CTb 3eMAH. BHanaAe noAbiMaroTCa AeBHnH, HTO MOXHO HHTepnpeTHpOBaTb KaK HeB03M0XH0CTb KaK CBOpaHHBaHHa, TaK H
pa3B0pa^HBaHHa aftna 6e3 ynacraa AeBHn. B CKa3Ke 130 repoft pa3B0panmaeT napcraa CaM, ho Ae.aeT oh 3to, Bbino.Haa yCAOBHa AeBHn. B paBHoft CTeneHH, napcraa He MoryT hh CBepHyTbCa, hh pa3BepHyTbCa 6e3 ynacTHa repoa.
^eMHyprHneCKoe coTpyAHHnecTBO xeHCKoro h MyxcKoro Hana.a COCTaBAaeT 0CH0BH0e COAepxaHHe npeACTaB.eHHa 0 CBa^eHHOM 6paKe, pe3y.bTaT0M KOToporo CTaHOBHTCa COTBOpeHHe aKTyaAbHOft KOCMOCHCTeMbl. B anOHCKOM KOCMOrOHHHeCKOM MH^e HA3aHaKH, 6or MyxcKoro Hana.a, h HA3aHaMH, 6orHHa xeHCKoro Hana.a, BMeCTe C03AaroT 3eM.ro30. 3HanHMbi CAOBa, o6pa^eHHbie HA3aHaKH k HA3aHaMH b n0A3eMH0ft CTpaHe: "O CeCTpa Moa B03Aro6.eHHaa, COTBOpeHHe CTpaHbi, hto mh c To6oft tbophah, He 3aBepmeH0, h noCeMy noBe.eBaro Te6e BopoTHTbCa o6paTHo!" (Koa3hkh, I, 3).
B OTAHHHe ot CKa30HH0r0 repoa, AeftCTBHa KOToporo 6ecc03HaTeAbHbi (t. e. He HMeroT HHKaKoft BHyTpeHHeft mothbhpobkh) hah HanpaBAaroTCa ApyrHM, MH^mecKHft
28	AHaAH3 mh^ob o kocmotohhtockom HHpaHHH cm. b: M. Eliade, Il Diavolo e il buon Dio, in: M. Eliade, Da Zalmoxis a Gengis-Khan, Roma 1975, pp. 72-117. O CBa3H HHpaHHa c AeMHyprH^ecKOH ^yHKaHeft cm.: B. H. TonopoB, Marginalia k 3aMeTKe o Ha3BaHHH 6o6pa (*NER-), b: O6pa3 MHpa b c.OBe h pHTyaAe. EaAKaHCKHe HTeHHa - 1, M. 1992, cc. 112-124; B. H. TonopoB, EaATHftcKHe AaHHHe o 6o6pe b MH^OAorH^ecKoft nepcneKTHBe (onHT peKOHCTpyKUHH), b: Senov s baltc kult'ra. Dangaus ir zem s simboliai, Vilnius 1995, pl. 81P157.
29	Cp. o xoAMe, pacKOAOTOM Hhapoh: "Xoam Tenepb yxe He nAaBaeT. Oh o6peTaeT onopy [...] h HaiHHaeT pacTH bo Bce CTopoHH, noKa He AOCTHraeT pa3MepoB 3eMAH" (O. E. 3. Keftnep, ^HT., c. 30).
30	K0A3HKH, I, 2; ^T. no: ffneenaa seesda. Bocmonnbtu anbMauax. BbtnycK emopou, M. 1974.
öor-aeMHypr oTnpaBaaeTca b noa3eMHyro CTpaHy 3a öorHHeö-cecTpoö c noaHHM co3HaHneM neaH CBoero cTpaHcTBHa. OaHaKo apxeTHnmecKaa cxeMa ocTaeTca eaHHoö: htoöh pa3BepHyTb napcTBo-aäno b Be^Hbrä kocmoc, öor-aeMHypr aoaxeH HaÖTH ceöe b noa3eMHoö cTpaHe xeHy-cecrpy, t. e. cBoe xeHcKoe alter ego. 9to xeHcKoe Hanaao MoxeT ÖHTb onacHbiM. Hfl3aHaKH, Hapymaa 3anpeT, bxo^ht b noa3eMHbrä aBopen h bh^ht: "Ha Teae ero Bo3aroöaeHHoö mHneaH-KonomHaHcb raabi noa3ynHe" (Koa3HKH, I, 3), 3a hto ero npecaeayroT BeabMbi npecnoaHeö, nocaaHHbie öorHHeö Ha3aHaMH. B cKa3Ke 575 noMo^HHK npeaynpexaaeT repoa, htoöh oh He TBopHa c napeBHoö oöbiHHyro aroöoBb. CMHca 3Toro 3anpeTa BnoaHe BbiacHaeTca, Koraa noMo^HHK HaaBoe pa3pyöaeT KopoaeBHy h h3 ee npeBa Bbinoa3aroT 3MeH.
B apyrHx cKa3Kax xeHbi 3MeeB, xeaaa oTOMcTHTb reporo 3a yöHHcTBo cbohx MyxeH, H3MHmaaKT aaa Hero "aoBymKH": aöaoHro nocpeaH aoporH, oTBeaaB naoaoB kotopoh, oh aoaxeH aonHyTb; namy Ha Boae, npHTpoHyBmHcb k kotopoh, oh aoaxeH yToHyTb; 3oaoTyro KpoBaTKy, Ha KoTopyro "kto aaxeT — orHeM cropHT" (135-137). TepoH oöopanrnaeTca b MymKy HaH b BopoöymKa, npHaeTaeT He3aMeneHHbiM b aoM k 3MeeBbiM xeHaM h noacaymHBaeT hx pa3roBopbi. BcenpoHHKaromHÖ h Bce3HaromHÖ repoH 3aecb caM ceöe noMo^HHK. 9to nocaeaHee oöcToaTeabcTBo no3BoaaeT caeaaTb npeanoaoxeHHe, hto pa3aeaeHHe Ha repoa h noMo^HHKa aBaaeTca btophhhhm no oTHomeHHro k apxeTHnmecKoMy eaHHcTBy repoa-aeMHypra. B op^HHecKoö KocMoroHHH H3 aäna poxaaeTca öecTeaecHbiä öor-aeMHypr c 3oaoTHMH KpbiabaMH Ha naenax (Kern 54, hto, Haao ayMaTb, no3BoaaeT eMy öbiTb BcenpHcyTCTByro^HM h öaaroaapa sToMy cBoeMy "BcenpHcyTcTBHro" KoHTpoaHpoBaTb KocMoroHHnecKHH nponecc — öbiTb Bcero ycTpoHTeaeM.
HyaecHbie cnocoÖHocTH repoa cBa3aHbi c ero HeoöbiHHbiM poxaeHHeM: Bypa-öorarapb poxaaeTca ot kopobh, BbinHBmeö noMoeB ot 3aaToKpbiaoö myKH (136); HBaH Bhkobhh 3anaT kopoboh ot noMoeB 3aaToneporo epma (137); HBaH nonaaoB aBeHaanaTb aeT aexHT b 3oae Ha ne^Ke (135), hto moxho HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb KaK aoaroe npeöbiBaHHe repoa bo npeBe MaTepH-3eMaH. HeoöbiHHocTb poxaeHHa h cBa3aHHbie c hhmh nyaecHbie KanecTBa MoryT, b cBoro onepeab, cayxHTb aonoaHHTeabHHM yKa3aHHeM Ha aeMHyprH-necKoe KanecTBo repoa.
"Sñno" cooTBeTcTByeT onpeaeaeHHoMy MoMeHTy KocMoroHHnecKoro nponecca. CoraacHo op^HKaM (Kern 54), KocMoroHHnecKHÖ nponecc HMeeT cbohm aöcoaroTHHM HanaaoM Boay (uSwp) h MaTepHro (uAr|), H3 ynaoTHeHHa kotopoh oöpa3yeTca 3eMaa (yZ). Boaa h 3eMaa nopoxaaroT 3Mea, kotophh b cBoro onepeab nopoxaaeT anno, coaepxamee b ceöe MyxcKoe h xeHcKoe Hanaaa, MHoxecTBo ceMaH BcaKoro poaa h KpbiaaToro öora-aeMHypra. 9tot nponecc moxho npeacTaBHTb KaK cepHro ynaoraeHHH, BcaeacTBHe kotophx npoHcxoaHT aH^^epeHnHpoBaHHe H3HanaabHoö BoaHoH cyöcTaHnHH: BcaeacTBHe ynaoTHeHHa Boabi oöpa3yeTca MaTepHa, BcaeacTBHe ynaoTHeHHa MaTepHH oöpa3yeTca 3eMaa, BcaeacTBHe ynaoTHeHHa 3eMaH oöpa3yeTca 3MeH, BcaeacTBHe ynaoTHeHHa 3Mea oöpa3yeTca anno.
B 3tom nyHKTe 3aBepmaeTca KocMoroHHnecKHÖ nponecc lato sensu: MaTepHa aocTHraeT cBoeH HaaBbcmefi naoTHocTH, cHMBoaH3HpyeMoö hüu,om, a TaKxe du$$epeHU,uau,uu cbohx saeMeHToB (MHoxecTBo ceMaH BcaKoro poaa b KanecTBe coaepxHMoro aöna). KocMoroHHnecKHH nponecc stricto sensu, cooTBeTcTBeHHo, aoaxeH öbia öh cocToaTb b nocaeaoBaTeabHoM pa3BopanrnaHHH aöna h aeMHyprmecKoö opraHH3anHH coaepxa^Hxca b HeM saeMeHToB. 9TOMy pa3BopanmaHHro, oaHaKo,
npenaTCTByeT CTpamHaa cnaa cnenaeHna, CHMBoan3npoBaHHaa 3MeeM, h noaToMy Tpe6yeTca oCo6oe reponnecKoe aeftcTBne, npeacTaBaaeMoe b MH^oaornn KaK 6opb6a C nyaoBH^eM, yÖHHCTBo-"paCKa^HBaHHe" KoToporo ocBo6oxaaeT CKoBaHHHe b "aftne-rope"
BÖabl XH3HH.
B 3toh nocaeaoBaTeabHocTH Tpn noa3eMHHx napcTBa aoaxHbi CooTBeTCTBoBaTb cocToaHnro 6noKupoeamocmu KocMoroHnnecKoro nponecca b tot MoMeHT, Koraa aaeMemb b aftne aocTHran MaKCHMaabHoft an^^epeHnnannn h aojxhh öbian 6h pa3oöTHCb h o6pa3oBaTb Be^Ho-npoCTpaHCTBeHHHH kocmoc. OaHaKo ohh npoaoaxaroT oCTaBaTbCa cnenaeHHbiMH, b cnay nero noaoxeHne aeaaeTca b Bbicmen CTeneHH KpnTHneCKHM, nocKoabKy npoaoaxaeTca nponecc cxaTHa, kotophh Ha CBoeM npeaeae Mor 6h npnBeCTH k caMonpo3BoabHoMy B3pbiBy aftna31. C neabro npeoaoaeHna 3toh "3MeHHoft" cnabi conpoTHBaeHna 6or-repon onyCKaeTCa b noa3eMHoe napcTBo-aftno, oTpyöaeT 3Mero Bce ero MHorocaeHHbie roaoBbi nan nepeMe^aeTca BMecTe c aeBHnaMH ot oaHoro napcTBa k apyroMy, nocae nero napcTBa npno6peTaroT Heo6xoaHMyro noaBHXHocTb aaa pa3BopanHBaHHa b ^opMe npocTpaHCTBeHHo-opraHH3oBaHHoro KocMoca.
On the Cosmological Basis of the Myth about "The Dragon and the Maid" in Connection with the Motif of the Journey into the Underworld Empire. Based on Russian Fairytales
Michael Yevzlin
The article analyzes the cosmogonic context of the journey of a mythical hero into the nether world. Special attention is given to those versions of this myth in which the dragon is not an antagonist, but helps the hero; this enables the definition of a certain archetype pertaining to the connection between the hero, the maid, and the dragon.
31 9Ta Bo3MoxHocTb, KaK KaxeTca, oTpaxeHa b a^pHKaHCKoM MH$e, coraacHo KoTopoMy "MHp 6bia co3aaH B3pbBoM 3Be3abi-aftna, BHyTpH KoToporo 6bia TpoftHoft 3Meft" (B. H. TonopoB, KpeKoncmpyKu,uu Mu$a o MupoeoM aüu,e [na Mamepuaße pyccKux cKasoK], nHT., c. 97).