ACTA BIOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA 2015 Vol. 58, Št. 2: 93-95
ACS
Brancelj, Anton, Jama Velika Pasica/ The Velika Pasica Cave Zgodovina, okolje in življenje v njej/ The History, Environment and Life in it Prva izdaja, Založba ZRC in Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, LJUBLJANA 2016
Bibliografski podatki o knjigi: knjiga obsega 110 strani, vključuje 25 slik, 9 tabel in 55 izvirnih fotografij. Knjiga s strokovno recenzijo in lektoriranjem je napisana v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku.
ISBN 978-961-254-820-9 (Založba ZRC) 281110784
Prof. Antona Branclja, avtorja knjige o zgodovini in življenju v jami Velika Pasica v bližini vasi Gornji Ig na Krimu, poznam že od študentskih let, ko se je njegovo zanimanje za svet podzemlja kazalo kot navdušenje in strast do odkrivanja zanimivosti in razsežnosti jamskega okolja ter življenja v njem. Pogosti obiski kraškega podzemnega sveta od dijaških let pa vse do danes so avtorju prinašali nova spoznanja o biologiji in razširjenosti jamskih organizmov ter prispevali k razvoju slovenske speleobiologije. Kot dolgoletni član Društva za raziskovanje jam se je avtor udeleževal sprva številnih ekskurzij, pozneje pa tudi jamarskih odprav z namenom raziskovanja in poučevanja. Kot pedagoški delavec je znanje o življenju
v jamah posredoval generacijam študentov in jih navduševal za delo na tem področju.
Pričujoče delo je dokaj obsežna monografija, ki vključuje dober zgodovinski pregled dogodkov, povezanih z naključnimi in načrtovanimi obiski, meritvami in odkritji v jami Velika Pasica v obdobjih od sredine 19. stoletja pa vse do danes. V katastru Društva za raziskovanje jam Ljubljana (DZRJL) je shranjena večina starejših zapisnikov o obiskih Velike Pasice. Iz zapisnika DZRJL je razvidno, da je bila jama 15. maja 1927 registrirana kot "VELIKA PASICA pri Zgornjem Igu".
Avtor v uvodu opiše geografsko lego jame s slikovitimi in nazornimi navodili za preprost dostop, ki spodbudijo bralca, da bi se nemudoma odpravil na pot in poiskal to znamenitost. Ko prispemo do vhoda naletimo na železno rešetko, ki zapira vhod v jamo. Pred leti so domačini jamo zavarovali z vrati, saj je bila v preteklosti občasno izpostavljena tudi nezaželenim obiskom in vandalizmu. Na seznamu naravnih vrednot, ki imajo lastnosti jame v skladu z zakonom, ki določa varstvo podzemnih jam, ima Velika Pasica status odprte vodoravne jame z nadzorovanim vstopom. Po temeljitem očiščenju jame je postala jama dostopna in primerna tudi za obiskovalce, ki si želijo ogledati to naravno zanimivost osrednjeslovenske regije.
Jamo Velika Pasica uvrščamo v kategorijo hidrološko neaktivnih jam, ker v njej ni tekoče vode. Knjiga vsebuje natančen opis velikosti jame, jamskega reliefa in prikaz kapniških struktur, dopolnjen s kvalitetnimi fotografijami in izvirnimi risbami. Fotografije jamarjev v barvitih oblačilih popestrijo vsebino in pričajo o tem, da je življenje v jami lahko občasno tudi zelo živahno, in hkrati vzbujajo optimizem o prihodnosti raziskovanja in ohranjanja slovenskega kraškega podzemlja.
Knjiga vsebuje množico podatkov o klimatskih razmerah v jami in njeni okolici, ki izvirajo iz dolgoletnih in natančnih meritev temperature vode in zraka ter pretoka prenikajoče vode. Knjiga
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vključuje tudi grafične prikaze izvirnih rezultatov meritev, ki so podpora za razprave o hidroloških procesih v jami. Prikazan je tudi vpliv večjih nalivov na povečan pretok prenikle vode in spremembe temperature na merilnih mestih. V knjigi so podrobno predstavljeni hidravlični procesi v jami v povezavi z različnimi padavinskimi režimi. Rezultati hidroloških in kemijskih meritev so prikazani in razloženi z vidika ekoloških razmer, v katerih živijo vodni organizmi epikrasa, najvišjega sloja krasa, ki sega do površja in zajema preperino in kraško kamnino.
Strokovna kakovost dela temelji na obsežni in natančni navedbi virov, na predstavitvi številnih izvirnih podatkov fizikalnih in kemijskih meritev vode in zraka ter skrbno načrtovanih poskusih. Zelo natančno so opisane naprave za zbiranje vzorcev materiala, ki pronica v jamo z vodnimi curki, prikazani pa so tudi shranjevalniki podatkov. Bralec sledi opisom posameznih živalskih vrst skozi zgodovino vse do današnjih časov, ko lahko opisane primerke opazujemo v njihovem naravnem okolju. Avtor opisuje različne skupine živali in njihovo prilagoditev na življenje v jamah; od občasnih obiskovalcev jam do stalnih prebivalcev v jamskih vodnih in kopenskih habitatih.
V	okolici jame prevladuje jelovo-bukov gozd, ki je zaradi pogoste sečnje že precej redek. Ob vhodu v jamo so skale porasle s praprotjo, mahovi in jetrnjaki in algami. V vhodni dvorani so ostanki lesa prerasli s plesnimi, kamnine pa so večinoma pokrite s kolonijami bakterij, ki so pokrite z vodnimi kapljicami, ki se ob osvetlitvi zlato ali srebrno zableščijo in jih zato jamarji imenujejo »jamsko zlato«.
V	knjigi so s fotografijami in slikovitimi opisi predstavljene najpogostejše živali, ki živijo v jami, od migetalkarjev, polžev, rakov, predvsem ceponožcev in dvoklopnikov, do paščipalcev, kačic in hroščev. Prav med temi organizmi je bilo opisanih trinajst novih vrst in podvrst. Zgodovinsko pomembni so opisi jamskih hroščev, polžev in paščipalcev, več kot pet novih vrst je bilo opisanih iz te jame v obdobju med drugo polovico 19. in prvo polovico 20. stoletja. Avtor knjige je opisal štiri nove vrste rakov ceponožcev iz talnih lužic v jami. Pozimi se v vhodnih delih jame pogosto
zadržujejo tudi netopirji mali podkovnjaki. Iz najdenih iztrebkov gre sklepat, da so občasni gostje v jamah tudi kune, polhi in gozdne miši. Fotografije primerkov živali iz jame, ostankov njihovih iztrebkov ali znakov aktivnosti nekaterih živali v preteklosti (okostje jamskega medveda) prispevajo k zanimivosti knjige.
Kopenski živalski svet v jamije zelo bogat, še bogatejši pa je svet vodnih organizmov, ki živijo v različnih tipih talnih lužic, predvsem v bližini stalnih curkov. Glede na število opisanih podzemnih vrst živali (31) uvrščamo jamo Velika Pasica na deveto mesto na svetovni lestvici. Prisotnost epikraških vrst v jami z visoko nadmorsko višino je posebnost, ki jo je avtor zelo podrobno opisal v knjigi in dokumentiral tudi z navajanjem velikega števila vzorčenih osebkov v štirih curkih iz plavja v povezavi s hidrokemijskimi in hidrološkimi parametri v osemletnem obdobju (2006-2013). Avtor ugotavlja, da je glede na številnost osebkov verjetno, da je epikras za opisane vrste primarno okolje, od koder se v obliki plavja pomikajo v nižje ležeče predele. Posebnost telesnih oblik organizmov iz epikrasa, ki se kažejo predvsem kot močni in zaobljeni trni na okončinah in zadnjem telesnem členu ceponožcev iz j ame Velika Pasica, je pomembna prilagoditev na življenje v ozkih špranjah, kjer se pretaka voda.
Vredno je izpostaviti dejstvo, da je v knjigi opisana velika raznolikost življenja v povezavi z razmerami v specifičnem epikraškem okolju. Kot navaja avtor, je to verjetno tudi posledica dolgoletnih in podrobnih raziskav in opisov živalstva v jami Velika Pasica. Knjiga je zanimiva tako za strokovnjake kot za širšo javnost. Delo je strokovno korektno in vključuje številne podatke, ki temeljijo na dolgoletnem raziskovalnem delu, objavljenem v znanstvenih člankih v kvalitetnih revijah. Primerna je kot obštudijsko gradivo za študente biologije, znanosti o okolju in naravo-varstva in za študente naravoslovja. Avtorju je uspelo jamo Veliko Pasico predstaviti v obliki, ki bo navdušila tudi širši krog bralcev, saj s slikovito in razumljivo besedo naravnost vabi v njen svet. Tudi pri mlajših bralcih bo knjiga z odličnimi ilustracijami zagotovo vzbudila zanimanje za speleologijo in biologijo podzemlja.
Jasna Štrus
Oddelek za biologijo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Slovenija
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