© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), Ljubljana
ISSN 1581-0267
137
UDK / UDC: 556.388.2:625.7:628.192 Prejeto / Received: 23.11.2001
Strokovni prispevek / Professional paper Sprejeto / Accepeted: 27.12.2001
ANALIZA NORMATIVNIH UKREPOV ZA ZAŠČITO VIROV PITNE VODE
PRED NEGATIVNIMI VPLIVI S CEST
AN ANALYSIS OF STANDARDIZED MEASURES FOR THE PROTECTION
OF DRINKING WATER RESOURCES FROM  THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS
OF ROADS
Mihael BRENČIČ
V Sloveniji je veliko število virov pitne vode, katerih zavarovana območja napajalnih zaledij
pokrivajo velik del države. Zaradi tega ceste pogosto potekajo znotraj teh območij. Odloki o
zavarovanih območjih vodnih virov narekujejo številne omejitve cestam in prometu, ki poteka po
njih. Te omejitve so v članku analizirane in razdeljene v naslednje skupine: omejitve gradnje cest in
manipulacijskih površin, gradbenotehnične zahteve za zaščito podzemne vode, omejitve hitrosti
prometa, omejitve tranzitnega tranporta, omejitve prevoza nevarnih in škodljivih snovi ter zahteve
po postavitvi signalizacije. V članku so za vsako od skupin podane njene lastnosti, kratka analiza in
njihova zastopanost glede na analizirane odloke o varovanju virov pitne vode.
Ključne besede: pitna voda, podzemne voda, vodni viri, zaščitena območja vodnih virov, zaščita
podzemne vode, ceste, negativni vplivi s cest
Slovenia has a number of drinking water resources, with their protected water recharge areas
extending over a large part of the Slovenian territory. Consequently, roads and traffic often run
within these areas, and are subject to numerous restrictions imposed by drinking water resource
protection regulations. This article gives an analysis of these regulations and divides them into six
groups: restrictions of road and manoeuvring area construction, technical and engineering
requirements for ground water protection, traffic speed restrictions, restrictions of transit
transport, restrictions of the transport of dangerous and harmful substances, and requirements for
setting up traffic signs. The properties of each group are briefly described and analysed, and the
representation of each group in the  analysed water protection acts is given.
Key words: drinking water, groundwater, water resources, protected water resources areas,
groundwater protection, roads, negative influences from roads
1. UVOD
Gradnja cest predstavlja specifičen poseg v
prostor, katerega značilnost je predvsem ta, da
zaradi linearno poudarjene komponente,
prostor razdelijo na dva ali več delov. V
kakšni meri so ti deli med seboj ločeni, je
odvisno od kategorije ceste ter vrste in gostote
motornega prometa. Slovenija je na gosto
prepredena s številnimi zavarovanimi območji
vodnih virov, zaradi česar so križanja s
cestami dokaj pogosta. Ceste zaradi emisij in
imisij prometa ter nevarnosti razlitja nevarnih
snovi predstavljajo tveganje za vire pitne vode.
Tega tveganja se pripravljalci strokovnih
1. INTRODUCTION
Road construction is a specific activity
which affects the environment and is, due to
its linear component, mainly characterised by
dividing the natural environment into two or
more parts. The degree to which these parts
are separated from one another depends on the
road category and on the kind and density of
traffic. Slovenia is densely covered by
numerous protected water resource areas; thus
their intersections with roads are fairly
frequent. Because of the emissions from traffic
and the possibility of hazardous spills, roads
present a risk to drinking water resources.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
138
podlag za zaščito vodnih virov zavedajo. Zato
večina odlokov, ki določajo zavarovana
območja, predpisuje ukrepe za zaščito
podzemne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest.
Narava teh ukrepov je odvisna od kategorije
posameznega pasu znotraj zavarovanega
območja. Višjo kategorijo kot ima pas, strožji
so ukrepi.
Vsakdanja praksa kaže, da se ukrepi za
zaščito vodnih virov pred negativnimi vplivi s
cest med seboj razlikujejo. Pričakovali bi, da
je to posledica razlik v naravi vodnih virov in
njihovega napajalnega zaledja, toda primerjava
ukrepov in lege zavarovanih območij v
prostoru pokaže, da se ukrepi, tudi na
območjih, kjer so naravni pogoji skorajda
povsem enaki, med seboj zelo razlikujejo. Ker
zavarovana območja predstavljajo precej
omejujoč dejavnik pri gradnji in rekonstrukciji
cest, se postavi vprašanje o upravičenosti
posameznih zahtev. Hkrati pa si lahko
postavimo tudi vprašanje, zakaj drugod, kjer bi
bili ukrepi zaradi naravnih razmer nujni, niso
bili izvedeni.
Vodni viri z enakimi naravnimi
značilnostmi morajo biti pred negativnimi
vplivi s cest zavarovani na podoben način in z
enakim učinkom. Enaki ukrepi za zaščito
vodnih virov omogočajo lažje projektiranje
zaščite, hkrati pa dopuščajo celovitejšo presojo
negativnih vplivov cest in cestnega prometa na
vodno okolje. V nadaljevanju je, z namenom,
da bi ugotovili, kakšno je stanje normativne
zaščite vodnih virov pred negativnimi vplivi s
cest, predstavljena analiza odlokov o
zavarovanih območjih vodnih virov na
območju Republike Slovenije. Takšna analiza
predstavlja temelj za nadaljnje izboljšanje in
racionalizacijo zaščite vodnih virov pred
negativnimi vplivi s cest.
Authorities preparing expert grounds for
drinking water protection are aware of this
risk; therefore, most drinking water protection
ordinances define measures for the protection
of ground water from the negative influences
from roads. The nature of these measures
depends on the category of each zone within
the protected area; higher zone categories have
more rigorous measures.
Measures applied to different ground water
protection areas vary considerably, which
could be explained as a result of the
differences in the nature of the water resources
and their recharge areas. However, a
comparison of measures taken at various
locations shows big differences, as well, in
areas where the natural conditions are very
similar.  Protected areas present a rather
restrictive circumstance in road construction
and reconstruction, raising the question
whether a certain requirement is justified or
not, and, on the other hand, why at other
locations, where measures ought to be
indispensable because of natural properties,
they were not put into practice.
Water resources with equal natural
properties should be protected from the
negative impacts from roads in a similar way
and with the same effect. Similar water
protection measures enable easier planning of
protection, and at the same time enable a more
comprehensive assessment of the negative
impacts from roads and road traffic on the
water environment. In order to evaluate the
situation of regulatory water resource
protection from the negative impacts from
roads, this article presents an analysis of
drinking water protection ordinances in the
territory of the Republic of Slovenia. Such
analysis serves as a basis for the further
improvement and rationalisation of drinking
water protection from the negative impacts
from roads.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
139
2. METODOLOGIJA
Terminologija, ki jo uporabljajo odloki o
varovanju virov pitne vode, je neenotna. Za
potrebe predstavitve rezultatov so bila
oblikovana naslednja terminološka izhodišča.
Vodni viri so tista vodna telesa, ki so zajeta za
potrebe vodooskrbe s pitno vodo, ne glede na
to, s kakšno obliko zajema imamo opraviti.
Napajalno zaledje vodnega vira, v katerem so
definirani varstveni ukrepi, imenujemo
zavarovano območje. Zavarovano območje je
razdeljeno na več pasov. Obstoječi pasovi so v
članku obravnavani le kot ožje in širše
območje. Ožje območje je v neposredni bližini
zajemnega objekta in zajema fizično
zavarovano zajetje in najbolj ranljivi del
napajalnega zaledja. Širše območje pokriva del
ali celotno napajalno zaledje vodnega vira.
Odlok o varovanju vodnega vira je pravni akt,
ki določa zavarovano območje in varstvene
ukrepe. Dopolnilo odloka je pravni akt, ki se
sklicuje na odlok in praviloma ureja zaščito
novih vodnih virov, ki z odlokom niso
zavarovani.
Zbrali smo 171 odlokov o zavarovanih
območjih in njihovih dopolnil. Strokovnih
podlag, ki so služile kot temelj za sprejem
odlokov, nismo analizirali.  Podatke o teh
pravnih aktih smo črpali iz Digitalne
prostorske baze zavarovanih območij vodnih
virov RS - novelacija na stanje 1999 (Brilly et
al., 2000) in iz arhiva Geološkega zavoda
Slovenije. Podatke o nekaterih odlokih smo
preverili s pisno ali z ustno komunikacijo pri
upravljalcih vodovodov (vaški in vodovodni
odbori, občinske uprave, komunalna podjetja).
Pregled odlokov smo zaključili maja leta 2001.
Odloke o zavarovanih območjih smo uredili po
posamezni občinah in izvedli njihov pregled.
Vsakega od aktov smo pregledali in izločili
določbe, ki se nanašajo na ceste in na promet
ter jih primerjalno obdelali. Člene in določbe
odlokov, ki se nanašajo na cestno
infrastrukturo in promet, smo v nadaljevanju
klasificirali v različne skupine in jim določili
frekvenco in deleže. Pri primerjalni analizi
2. METHODOLOGY
The terminology used in drinking water
resource protection acts is not uniform. The
following terminological bases were formed
for the presentation of the results. Water
resources are those water bodies that are
captured for the needs of the drinking water
supply, irrespective of the type of water
capturing being used. A water resource
recharge area with defined protection
measures is called a protected area. Protected
areas are divided into several zones. The
article treats the existent zones only as the
inner and outer protected areas. The inner area
is in the immediate vicinity of the capture site,
and comprises the physically protected capture
site and the most vulnerable part of the
recharge area. The outer area covers a part of,
or the entire recharge area of the water
resource. The water resource protection
ordinance is a legal act which defines the
protected area and the protection measures.
The ordinance amendment is a legal document
referring to an ordinance, and, as a rule,
determines the protection of the new water
resources which are not protected by the
ordinance itself.
In order to gain an overview of
groundwater protection areas, a compilation of
171 ordinances and their amendments was
prepared. Expert grounds for the
implementation of drinking water ordinances
were not analysed. Data about these legal
documents were derived from the Digital area
database of the protected water resource areas
of Slovenia – an update to the situation in
1999 (Brilly et al., 2000) and from the archives
of the Geological Survey of Slovenia. Data
about some of the ordinances were checked
through verbal or written communication with
waterwork managers (village and waterwork
committees, community administration, etc.).
The survey of acts was finished in May, 2001.
Ordinances defining protection areas were
grouped according to communities, then
reviewed and examined. A comparative
analysis of the provisions dealing with roads
and traffic was made, then the articles and
provisions referring to the road infrastructure
and traffic were classified into different groups
and a comparative analysis was carried out.
The frequency and share for these groups were
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
140
posameznih odlokov in njihovih dopolnitev je
največjo težavo predstavljala klasifikacija
posameznih zahtev. Odloki so v navajanju
zahtev precej neenotni, čeprav pogosto
obravnavajo podobno ali celo isto
problematiko. V primerjalno analizo odlokov
smo poskušali vključiti čim višjo raven
informacije, vendar pa dokumenti, ki so bili
predmet obdelave, niso bili vedno popolni. To
je pogosto onemogočalo neposredno
primerjavo med posameznimi odloki. Pri
nekaterih pravnih aktih smo imeli na voljo le
fragmente (manjkajoči listi, nečitljive
fotokopije ali skenogrami). To ima za
posledico, da se pri podrobnejših primerjalnih
analizah število odlokov med analizami ne
ujema.
Domnevamo, da v primerjalno analizo
nismo zajeli vseh v Sloveniji obstoječih
odlokov o varovanju virov pitne vode. To je
posledica tega, da so odloki o varovanju virov
pitne vode težko dostopni. Nekateri od še
veljavnih odlokov so objavljeni v uradnih
glasilih lokalnih skupnosti starejšega datuma.
Ker se je v zadnjem času organiziranost
lokalne samouprave precej spremenila, je
dostop do teh dokumentov otežen. V nekaterih
primerih se je zaradi številnih reorganizacij
upravljalcev vodovodov, informacija o tem,
kje je bil posamezen odlok objavljen, izgubila,
obstajajo pa le fotokopije strokovnih podlag,
ki so služile za pripravo pravnega akta. Prav
tako je v nekaterih primerih težko ugotoviti,
kateri od odlokov še veljajo in ali je prišlo do
uveljavitve novih odlokov.
Pri analizi obstoječih odlokov o varovanju
vodnih virov smo izhajali le iz besedila
odloka, ne pa tudi iz strokovnih podlag, ki so
bile podlaga za sprejem odloka. Večina teh
strokovnih podlag je nedostopnih. Zaradi tega
pri analizi nismo upoštevali, za kakšen tip
vodnega vira gre, ker je to, le na podlagi
besedila odloka pogosto nemogoče ugotoviti.
Tako na primer med seboj nismo ločili kraških
vodonosnikov od medzrnskih vodonosnikov.
Pri klasifikaciji zavarovanih območij in pasov
so se pojavljale številne težave. Iz besedil
odlokov ni razvidno, katera metodlogija
determined. The classification of each
individual requirement was the biggest
problem in the comparative analysis of the
individual ordinances and their amendments,
since the requirements stated by the various
acts differ considerably, although they
frequently address similar, or even the same
problem. There was an attempt to include the
highest possible level of information in the
comparative analysis of the ordinances.
However, the analysed documents were not
always complete, so a direct comparison
between the individual ordinances was not
always possible. Of some ordinances, only
fragments were available (missing pages,
illegible copies or scanograms), resulting in a
disagreement between the number of
ordinances in the more detailed comparative
analyses.
It is supposed that not all existing drinking
water resource protection ordinances were
included in the comparative analysis, because
they are hard to access. Some of the still valid
ordinances are published in the old copies of
local gazettes, and because the organisation of
local governments has recently undergone
considerable changes, these documents are not
readily available. In some cases, the
information about where an individual
ordinance was published has been lost during
the several reorganisations of waterwork
management, and only photocopies of the
expert grounds for the preparation of the legal
documents are available. It is also difficult to
find out which of the ordinances are still valid,
and whether new ones have been put into
force.
In the analysis of the drinking water
protection ordinances only the wording of the
ordinances was analysed. The expert grounds
were not included in the analysis. The greater
part of these expert grounds is beyond our
reach. On the basis of the wording of an
ordinance, it is usually impossible to
determine the type of water resources treated
in the ordinance. For this reason, the karst
aquifers and the intergranular aquifers were
not distinguished from one another in the
analysis. In the classification of the protected
areas and zones, several problems appeared.
From the wording of the ordinances, it is
usually not clear which methodology valid in
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
141
(Breznik, 1976; Rismal, 1993; Veselič &
Petauer, 1997) je predstavljala izhodišče za
pripravo strokovnih podlag za sprejem
posameznega odloka. Iz porazdelitve pasov
znotraj varstvenih pasov pa je pogosto
razvidno, da so avtorji strokovnih podlag
obstoječe metodologije v veliki meri
prilagajali krajevnim razmeram ali postavljali
svojo metodologijo.
Slovenia (Breznik, 1976; Rismal, 1993;
Veselič & Petauer, 1997) was used for the
preparation of the expert grounds that form the
basis for the implementation of the drinking
water protection ordinances. From the division
of the protected zones inside the protected
areas, it is clear that the authors of the expert
grounds adapted the existing methodologies to
the local conditions, or that they even
established their own methodology.
3. PREGLED ODLOKOV
O VAROVANJU
VODNIH VIROV
V skladu s pravnimi načeli, je v vsakem od
odlokov na začetku podana zakonodaja, iz
katere odlok izhaja. Pregled teh seznamov
pokaže, da predpisovalci veljavnih odlokov
izhajajo iz različne zakonodaje. V preglednici
1 je podan pregled izhodiščnih pravnih aktov.
Ker posamezni pravni akt praviloma izhaja iz
več pravnih aktov, so deleži prikazani glede na
posamezen akt. Pregled preglednice kaže na
precej raznolika pravna izhodišča. Pričakovali
bi, da so temeljni zakoni, kot je na primer
Zakon o vodah (Uradni list SRS št. 38/1981),
citirani v vseh primerih, vendar temu ni tako.
Zakon o vodah je citiran največkrat, vendar le
v  90 odstotkih odlokov, sledijo mu različni
statuti občin z 81 odstotki, ostali zakonski akti
pa so citirani v manjšem številu. Poleg
navedenih pravnih aktov seznami izhodiščne
zakonodaje v odlokih navajajo tudi posamezne
odloke o oblikovanju občinskih skupščin ali
nekatere odločbe Ustavnega sodišča. Števila
teh aktov nismo analizirali.
Pri analizi posameznih odlokov smo
ugotovili, da se po posameznih obdobjih med
seboj močno razlikujejo, tako po obsegu, kot
tudi po prepovedih, zahtevah in omejitvah,
ki jih nalagajo dejavnostim in
posegom v prostor. Najstarejši še veljavni
odlok izhaja iz leta 1964. To je Odlok o
določitvi varstvenega pasu za zavarovanje
vodnih virov konjiškega vodovoda (Uradni
vestnik okraja Celje št. 67/1964 str. 5).
Naslednji je Odlok o zaščitenem
območju vodnega vira Malni in vodnega
3. OVERVIEW OF WATER
RESOURCE PROTECTION
ORDINANCES
In accordance with the legal rules, the
underlying legislation is cited at the beginning
of each ordinance. An overview of these lists
makes it evident that different legislation was
used in preparing the ordinances. Table 1 gives
an overview of underlying legal documents.
Because each legal document is, as a rule,
based on several legal documents, the
proportions are given for each act separately.
The table shows quite different underlying
legislation. Basic acts, as, for example, The
Waters Act (Official Gazette of the Republic
of Slovenia, 1986) could be expected to be
quoted in all the documents, but this is not the
case. The Waters Act is quoted in most of the
cases, yet only in 90% of all the ordinances;
various community statutes range second, with
81%; and other legal acts have a smaller
number of citations. Besides the mentioned
legal documents, lists of the underlying
legislation in the ordinances also include some
ordinances regarding the formation of
community assemblies or certain decisions of
the Constitutional Court. The number of these
documents has not been analysed.
The analysis of individual ordinances
shows big differences among them during
different periods, as well in their extent, as
also in the prohibitions, requirements and
restrictions that they impose on the human
activities that affect the environment. The
oldest ordinance that is still in effect is from
the year 1964. This is The Ordinance on
Determining the Protected Zone for Water
Resources of the Konjice Waterworks
(Official Gazette of the Celje District No.
67/1964, p. 5). The second oldest is The
Ordinance on The Protection Area of the
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
142
zajetja pri Planini pri Rakeku iz     leta 1971
(Uradne objave SRS 13/1971). Odloka
prometa, transporta in cest ne obravnavata.
Oba sta zelo kratka in nalagata le zelo
splošne ukrepe za zavarovanje podzemne
vode.
S sprejemanjem odlokov o zaščiti vodnih
virov se je intenzivneje pričelo po objavi
metodologije prof. Breznika (1976), ki je bila
vključena tudi v takratne prostorsko izvedbene
akte. Večje število odlokov je bilo sprejeto
sredi osemdesetih let. Porast števila odlokov
pa opazimo tudi po letu 1995. To je v veliki
meri povezano z reorganizacijo lokalne
samouprave, saj so za zaščito vodnih virov
pristojne lokalne skupnosti. Leta 1993 je bil
sprejet Zakon o lokalni samoupravi (Ur. L. RS
št. 72/1993), na podlagi katerega je v letu 1995
nastalo veliko število novih občin, ki so v
nekaj letih pripravile vse potrebne akte za
zaščito vodnih virov pitne vode. Največje
število veljavnih odlokov in dopolnitev je bilo
sprejeto leta 1998. Pregled števila veljavnih
odlokov in njihovih dopolnil po posameznih
letih, ko so bili sprejeti, je podan na
sliki 1. Najstarejša odloka v sliko nista
vključena.
Podobno raznolikost, kot pri zakonodajnih
izhodiščih in starosti veljavnih odlokov,
opazimo tudi pri razdelitvi zavarovanih
območij. Primerjalna analiza dostopnih
odlokov pokaže, da se načini zaščite med seboj
zelo razlikujejo. Te razlike bi bile sprejemljive
v primeru, da gre za različne tipe
vodonosnikov v različnih predelih države.
Toda s primerjalno analizo ugotovimo, da je
zaščita na območjih z enakimi
hidrogeološkimi razmerami zelo različna (npr.
Prekmurje) in odvisna od izdelovalca
strokovnih podlag za zaščito vodnega vira ter
od organa, ki je ta odlok sprejel. Strokovne
podlage za sprejem zavarovanih območij so
praviloma izdelane na podlagi strokovnih
metodologij (Breznik, 1976; Rismal, 1993;
Veselič & Petauer, 1997) in kot takšne
odražajo razdelitev, ki jo te metodlogije
uvajajo. Močno prevladujejo zavarovana
območja, kjer so definirani trije pasovi, sledi
pa jim razdelitev na štiri pasove.
Malni Water Resource and Water Capture Site
at Planina near Rakek from 1971 (Official
Gazette of Republic of Slovenia 13/1971).
These Ordinances do not address traffic,
transport and roads. Both are very short and
provide only very general measures for  the
groundwater protection.
A more intensive period of passing water
resource protection ordinances began after the
methodology of Professor Breznik was
published (1976). This methodology was also
included in the spatial planning documents. A
considerable number of ordinances were also
passed in the mid-eighties, and there was also
a noticeable increase after 1995. This fact is, to
a great extent, in relation with the
reorganisation of local government, which
gives responsibility for water resource
protection to the local communities. A number
of new communities were formed in 1995,
based on the new Local Government Act from
1993 (Official Gazette of Republic of
Slovenia). Within a few years, these
communities prepared all the necessary water-
protection legislation. The greatest number of
ordinances and their amendments were passed
in 1998.  An overview of the number of
ordinances and their amendments for each year
is given in Figure 1. The oldest two ordinances
are not included.
A similar diversity as in the legislation
grounds and the age of the valid ordinances
can also be observed in the classification of
protected areas. A comparative analysis of the
disposable ordinances shows big differences
among the methods of protection. These
differences would be acceptable in the case of
various aquifer types in the different parts of
the country. However, protection measures in
the areas with the same hydrogeological
properties were also found to be very diverse
(e.g. Prekmurje) and dependent on the author
of the expert grounds for the protection of the
resource and on the institution that passed a
certain act. Expert grounds for the delineation
of protected areas are generally prepared on
the basis of methodologies (Breznik, 1976;
Rismal, 1993; Veselič & Petauer, 1997), and,
as such, reflect the division introduced by
these methodologies. Protected areas with
three zones prevail, followed by those divided
into four zones.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
143
S
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Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
144














odloki brez zaščite 
vode pred vplivi s cest
ordinances without 
water protection from 
road influences
15%
za analizo neprimerni 
odloki
unsuitable ordinances 
for the analysis
9%
odloki z zaščito vode 
pred vplivi s cest
ordinances with water 
protection from road 
influences
76%
N=171
Slika 2. Pregled števila odlokov in njihovih dopolnitev glede na
deleže zaščite podzemne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest.
Figure 2. Overview of the number of ordinances and their amendments
according to water protection from road influences.











 





omejitev hitrosti velja za 
vsa vozila
speed limitations for 
all vehicles
20%
omejitev hitrosti velja za 
transport nevarnih 
snovi
speed limitations for 
the transport of 
dangerous goods
22%
brez omejitev hitrosti
without speed 
limitations
58%
N=155
Slika 3. Pregled števila odlokov in njihovih dopolnitev
glede na omejitve hitrosti znotraj zavarovanih območij.
Figure 3. Overview of the number of ordinances and their amendments
according to speed limits in the protection zones
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
145
4. ANALIZA NORMATIVNIH
UKREPOV ZA ZAŠČITO
PRED NEGATIVNIMI
VPLIVI S CEST
Analizo odlokov s stališča cest in prometa
smo razdelili v več skupin. Na obratovanje
cest, njihovo vzdrževanje in transport se
posredno nanašajo tudi nekatere druge
dejavnosti, kot so skladišča nafte in plina,
gradnja ponikovalnic in spremljevalnih
objektov. Analize določb v zvezi
s temi objekti in dejavnostmi v članku ne
navajamo.
Analizirali smo 155 odlokov in njihovih
dopolnil, preostalih 16 odlokov ni omogočalo
analize. Med analiziranimi pravnimi akti jih 25
ali 16 odstokov zaščite pred negativnim vplivi
s cest ne obravnava, od tega gre za 7 odlokov,
ostalo pa predstavljajo dopolnitve in
spremembe odlokov. Problem cest in
transporta v dopolnilih je urejen v odlokih, na
katere se nanašajo. Pregled števila odlokov in
njihovih dopolnitev glede na deleže zaščite
podzemne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest
je podan na sliki 2.
4. ANALYSIS OF THE
NORMATIVE MEASURES FOR
THE PROTECTION AGAINST
NEGATIVE IMPACTS FROM
ROADS
Ordinances dealing with roads and traffic
were divided into several groups. The
operation of roads, their maintenance and
transportation are also indirectly related to
some other activities, such as oil and gas
depots, the construction of sinkholes and
accompanying facilities. This article does not
provide an analysis of the regulations dealing
with these facilities and activities.
A total of 155 ordinances and their
amendments were analysed; an analysis of the
remaining 16 documents was not feasible.
Twentyfive documents do not deal with the
protection from the negative impacts from the
roads, which amounts to 16%.  Seven of  these
are ordinances, the rest are amendments. The
problem of the roads and transport in
amendments is dealt with in the related
ordinances. An overview of the number of
ordinances and their amendments according to
water protection from road influences is given
in Figure 2.
V številnih odlokih zasledimo omejitve in
prepovedi gradnje cest. Te omejitve so
definirane zelo raznoliko in se nanašajo na
različne kategorije cest in poti. Vsak vodni vir
je na območju, kjer je zajetje, praviloma
ograjen in zavarovan z drugimi ukrepi. Odloki
na tem območju prepovedujejo kakršne koli
posege, izjemoma le za potrebe vodovoda.
Včasih je v odlokih definirana tudi določba, ki
se nanaša na gradnjo poti znotraj tega
območja, vendar le v primerih rekonstrukcije
in razširitve že obstoječih poti.
V zavarovanih območjih zunaj najožjega
območja zajetja pa so omejitve za gradnjo cest
precej raznolike in neenotne. V velikem delu
odlokov zasledimo prepovedi za gradnjo
določenega tipa cest. Člene o prepovedi
gradnje cest zasledimo v 78 odlokih, kar je 50
odstokov vseh analiziranih odlokov. V
nekaterih primerih, ko so uveljavljene
prepovedi o gradnji cest, so dovoljene izjeme.
V takšnem primeru je dovoljena gradnja cest v
A number of ordinances define the
restrictions and prohibitions of road
construction. These restrictions are defined
very diversely and refer to the different
categories of roads and ways. As a rule, the
capture area of each water resource is
surrounded by a fence and secured by other
means. Any kind of activities and construction
work are prohibited, exceptional only for the
needs of the waterworks. Sometimes the
provisions of certain ordinances are included
which deal with the construction of the ways
within that area; however, only as a
reconstruction and widening of  the existing
roads.
The restrictions of road construction outside
the inner protected zone are quite diverse. A
greater part of the ordinances includes the
prohibition of the building of a certain road
type. Articles prohibiting road construction are
to be found in 78 ordinances, which amounts
to 50%. In some cases where road construction
is prohibited, exceptions are permitted. In this
case, road construction is permitted in
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
146
skladu s planskimi dokumenti, prostorsko
izvedbenimi akti ter predpisi in ob
predhodnem upoštevanju predpisov o
varovanju podzemne vode.
Primerjava med prepovedmi v ožjem in
širšem zavarovanem območju pokaže, da je
število omejitev v ožjem območju mnogo
večje kot v primeru širšega pasu. Omejitve za
gradnjo cest v širšem varstvenem pasu zahteva
le 10 odlokov, kar je le 6 odstotkov vseh
odlokov. Združeni pregled prepovedi za
gradnjo cest znotraj zavarovanega območja je
podan v preglednici 2. Omejitve smo le
našteli, posamezne zahteve pa smo med seboj
le združili, ker jih je zaradi raznolikosti težko
združiti v enotne kategorije.
Ukrepi za zaščito v širšem varstvenem
območju so bolj načelni. Kot varstveni ukrep
je predpisana takšna gradnja cest, ki
preprečuje onesnaženje podzemne vode. Kot
primer podajamo nekaj načel iz posameznih
odlokov:
− opremiti ceste tako, da tekočine ne
prenikajo v podtalje
− magistralne in regionalne ceste ter
manipulativne površine graditi tako, da bo
zagotovljena največja možnost zaščite zalog
pitne vode
− obstoječe ceste je treba preurediti tako, da v
primeru incidentov morebitne razlite
tekočine ne morejo posredno ali neposredno
pronicati in prenikati do podtalnice
− ceste, po katerih poteka promet s tovornimi
motornimi vozili, morajo biti urejene tako,
da je onemogočeno neposredno ogrožanje
vodnega vira
− graditi nove in preurediti obstoječe ceste v
skladu z najboljšo razpoložljivo tehnologijo
glede zaščite zalog pitne vode
V nekaterih novejših odlokih je predpisano,
da morajo imeti novozgrajene ceste ali tiste, ki
se rekonstruirajo, izdelan projekt zaščite
podzemne vode in druge projekte, ki se
navezujejo na gradnjo in vzdrževanje ceste.
Pomemben ukrep za zaščito vodnih virov pred
negativnimi vplivi s cest predstavljajo tudi
gradbenotehnični ukrepi. Gradbenotehnični
ukrepi so predpisani v 21 odlokih, kar je
14 odstotkov vseh analiziranih odlokov.
accordance with planning documents, spatial
planning documents and regulations, taking
into account the preliminary regulations about
groundwater protection.
A comparison of the  restrictions pertaining
to the inner and outer protected areas shows a
much higher number of restrictions in the
inner areas. The restrictions of road
construction in the outer protected zone are
defined  in only 10 documents, which makes
6% of all the ordinances. An overview of road
construction restrictions within the protected
areas is given in Table 2. The restrictions are
only listed; particular reqirements are joined
together due to difficulties in the classification.
Measures for groundwater protection in the
outer protected areas are of a more general
nature, prescribing road construction that
prevents groundwater pollution. The following
are some illustrative principles from several
ordinances:
− the roads are to be equipped in a way that
prevents the seepage of fluids into the
ground
− the construction of the main and regional
roads and the manoeuvring areas must
ensure the highest possible protection of the
drinking water resources
− the existing roads must be reconstructed so
as to prevent the possibility of the direct
and indirect seepage of spills into the
groundwater system
− roads carrying cargo traffic must be
designed and constructed so as to prevent
the possibility of causing a direct hazard to
the water resource
− road construction and reconstruction must
be in compliance with the best available
drinking water resource protection
technology.
Some more recently passed acts demand
that newly constructed and reconstructed roads
have a groundwater protection scheme and
other projects dealing with road construction
and maintenance. An important measure for
the protection of water resources from the
negative impacts from roads are also technical
engineering measures. They are defined in 21
of the ordinances, which amount to 14% of all
the analysed documents.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
147
Elementi ceste, ki jih zahtevajo ti odloki,
morajo biti naslednji:
− neprepustno cestišče,
− odbojna ograja (nekateri odloki
predpisujejo  tudi enakovreden visok
robnik)
− neprepustna koritnica v peti nasipa,
− 2 ali 3 metra širok pas ob cesti, nagnjen
proti koritnici
− neprepustna brežina
− vodotesna (neprepustna) kanalizacija
− lovilci maščob, s katerih mora biti voda
speljana v vodotesno kanalizacijo ali preko
izpusta v vodotok s stalno vodo
Zgoraj našteti ukrepi za zaščito podzemne
vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest izhajajo iz
metodologije prof. Breznika (1976), ki je
zaščito podzemne vode pred negativnimi
vplivi s cest razdelil na dve stopnji zaščite.
Nekateri odloki to stopnjo zaščite predpisujejo
(npr. »...cestišče mora imeti prvo stopnjo
zaščite...«). Za kakšno stopnjo zaščite gre, je
včasih pojasnjeno z dodatnim komentarjem. V
primerih, ko komentar ni podan, je ta določba
sporna, saj z nobenim od veljavnih, pa tudi
predpisov, ki jim je veljavnost pretekla, zaščita
podzemne vode po stopnjah ni predpisana.
Prav tako pa v preambulah odlokov ali v
opisih strokovnih podlag, na podlagi katerih so
bili izdelani odloki, ni zahtevano, da je treba
takšno zaščito upoštevati. Večina drugih
odlokov, ki urejajo gradnjo in
obratovanje cest, definira predvsem načelo, da
se morajo ceste graditi in rekonstruirati
tako, da ne pride do onesnaženja podzemne
vode.
V nekaterih odlokih, poleg splošnih načel
za zaščito cest pred negativnimi vplivi s cest,
zasledimo tudi konkretne zahteve za
rekonstrukcijo obstoječih cest. Te ceste so
definirane s konkretnimi imeni ali  z
oznakami. Odlokov, ki določajo ukrepe na teh
cestah, je 18 ali 12 odstotkov.
Eden od pogostih ukrepov za zaščito
podzemne pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s
cest je tudi omejitev hitrosti vozil. Omejevanje
hitrosti vozil kot varstveni ukrep izhaja iz
dejstva, da je tveganje, da bo do prometne
These ordinances demand the following
road construction elements:
− an impermeable roadway
− protective fencing (some acts also define
an equivalently high curb)
− an impermeable ditch at the foot of the
embankment
− a 2- to 3-m wide strip along the road
inclined towards the ditch
− an impermeable embankment
− an impermeable sewage system
− oil separators, from which the water must
be drained into impermeable sewage pipes
or through the drain into a stream with
permanently flowing water
These measures are based on the
methodology of Professor Breznik (1976),
who divided the protection of the groundwater
from the negative impacts from roads into two
degrees. Some acts prescribe one of these
degrees of protection (e.g. " the roadway must
be constructed according to the first degree of
protection…"). The type of protection is, in
some cases, explained with additional
commentary. In the cases where no
commentary is given, the requirement is
disputable, since none of the ordinances, either
valid or expired, define groundwater
protection measures according to the degrees.
The preambles of the ordinances or the expert
grounds underlying these ordinances also do
not demand that this protection should be
respected. In most other ordinances regulating
the construction and use of roads, protection is
defined only as a principle that roads are to be
built and reconstructed in a way that prevents
groundwater pollution.
Besides the general principles for the
protection of the groundwater from the
negative impacts from roads, concrete
demands for the reconstruction of the existing
roads are defined in 18 cases, or 12% of the
ordinances, giving the exact names or
designations of roads.
One of frequently applied measures for
groundwater protection from the negative
impacts from roads is also the speed limit of
the vehicles. This measure is based on the fact
that the risk for a traffic accident to happen
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
148
nesreče prišlo, manjše pri nižjih hitrostih kot
pri višjih. Isto velja tudi za morebitne nesreče
cistern in razlitja nevarnih tekočin, ki jih te
prevažajo. Izmed vseh analiziranih odlokov jih
je 90 ali 58 odstotkov brez določb o
omejevanju hitrosti na cestah, ki prečkajo
posamezna zavarovana območja. Podrobnejša
analiza odlokov, kjer so omejitve predpisane,
pokaže, da so omejitve hitrosti dokaj
raznolike.
Omejitve hitrosti razdelimo v dve skupini,
in sicer v prvo skupino, kjer velja omejitev
hitrosti za vsa vozila, in v drugo skupino, kjer
velja omejitev hitrosti le za vozila, ki
prevažajo nafto, tekoče naftne derivate ter
nevarne in škodljive snovi. V obeh skupinah
prevladuje omejitev hitrosti na 40 km/h,
predpisane pa so tudi druge hitrosti, tako nižje,
kot tudi višje. Pri nekaterih odlokih ni jasno,
ali veljajo omejitve le za vozila, ki prevažajo
nevarne snovi ali za vsa motorna vozila. V
prvi skupini 34 ali 22 odstotkov odlokov
predpisuje omejitev hitrosti za vsa motorna
vozila, ne glede na to, kaj prevažajo. V 29
primerih je zahtevana omejitev hitrosti skozi
zavarovano območje vodnega vira 40 km/h.
Ostali odloki omejitve hitrosti ne predpisujejo,
ali pa gre za izjeme, ki natančno predpisujejo
omejitve hitrosti pri določenih pogojih.
V drugi skupini so omejitve predpisane le
za transport snovi, ki so nevarne za podzemno
vodo. Tudi znotraj te skupine so omejitve
vezane predvsem na hitrost 40 km/h. Ločimo
pa omejitve, ki veljajo za ves transport
nevarnih snovi, ne glede na to, ali gre za
tranzitni promet ali za lokalni transport, in
omejitve, ki veljajo le za tranzitni promet.
Odlokov, ki postavljajo omejitve v zvezi s
hitrostjo transporta nevarnih snovi je 31 ali
20 odstotkov, v 5 primerih velja ta omejitev le
za lokalni promet, ker je tranzitni promet
prepovedan. V dveh primerih pa je z odlokom
natančno določena cesta, po kateri je tranzitni
promet nevarnih snovi dovoljen. Pregled
števila odlokov in njihovih dopolnitev glede na
omejitve hitrosti znotraj zavarovanih območij
je podan na sliki 3.
decreases considerably with lower speeds. The
same is also true for the possible spills of
dangerous liquids from vehicle tankers. On the
whole, 90 of the ordinances, or 58%, lack any
kind of provisions regarding the speed limits
on the roads crossing  groundwater protection
zones. An analysis of the ordinances including
these provisions shows much diversity in
speed limits.
Speed limits can be divided into two
groups. In the first group, speed is limited for
all vehicles, and in the second, restrictions
refer only to vehicles transporting oil, liquid
oil products and dangerous and harmful
substances. Most common in both groups is
the speed limit of 40 km/h, although there are
also higher and lower limits. Some documents
do not specify clearly enough whether speed
limits refer only to vehicles with dangerous
cargo or to all motor vehicles. The first group
includes 34 ordinances (22%) defining a
speed limit for all motor vehicles, regardless of
their cargo. In 29 cases, the speed limit of
40 km/h is defined in the water
resource protection area. Other documents
either do not set a speed limit, or  exactly
define speed limits under certain
circumstances.
Speed restrictions in the second group apply
only to the transport of substances hazardous
to groundwater. The speed limit in most cases
is 40 km/h. There is also a distinction between
the restrictions applying to the entire transport
of dangerous substances, both for the transit of
goods and for local traffic, and between the
restrictions referring only to the transit of
goods. The speed limit for the transport of
hazardous substances is defined in 31 cases,
which makes 20%. In five cases the restriction
applies only to local traffic, because the transit
of goods is prohibited, and in two cases, the
ordinance exactly determines the road where
the transit of any dangerous substances is
allowed. An overview of the number of
ordinances and their amendments according to
the speed limits inside the protection zones is
given in Figure 3.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
149
Omejevanje prevoza preko zavarovanih
območij virov pitne vode se nanaša predvsem
na nevarne snovi. V zvezi z definicijami pitni
vodi nevarnih snovi zasledimo številne opise.
Vodi nevarne snovi so v odlokih navedene
poimensko kot: nafta, tekoči (lahkotekoči)
naftni derivati, nevarne snovi, škodljive snovi,
nevarne tekočine, nevarne kemične tekočine in
mineralna olja. Število poimenovanj pitni vodi
nevarnih snovi kaže na nenatančnost definicij.
Nekateri odloki se definiciji nevarnih snovi
poskušajo izogniti z omenjanjem ustrezne
zakonodaje, kot na primer: «... nevarne in
škodljive snovi, ki so navedene v predpisih o
prevozu nevarnih snovi«. Redki odloki pa
navajajo tudi predpis, ki ga je treba pri tem
upoštevati.
Večina odlokov določa, da je zavarovana
območja potrebno označiti z ustrezno
signalizacijo. Pomen signalizacije se od odloka
do odloka razlikuje. Praviloma je postavljena
le zahteva po označitvi zavarovanih območij
ob cestah in poteh. V nekaterih odlokih pa so
oznake predpisane zelo natančno. Predpisana
je vsebina in izgled opozorilnih tabel.
Limitations of the transport over drinking
water resource protection areas refer, above
all, to substances hazardous to drinking water.
These substances are defined in many different
ways, with names such as: oil, liquid oil
products, dangerous substances, harmful
substances, dangerous liquids, dangerous
chemical liquids and mineral oils. The number
of descriptions indicates an inaccuracy of
definitions. Some ordinances try to avoid the
definition of hazardous substances by
mentioning relevant legislation, e.g.:
"dangerous and harmful substances listed in
the regulations about the transport of
dangerous substances." Yet very few acts also
quote the relevant regulation.
Most acts require that protected areas
should be marked with adequate road signs.
The importance of signs varies from one act to
the other. As a rule, only the designation of
protected areas along the roads and ways is
demanded. In some acts, the signs are very
precisely defined, determining the content and
form of the warning signs.
Preglednica 1. Pregled zakonskih izhodišč za sprejem odlokov o varovanju vodnih virov.
Table 1. Overview of the legal grounds for the passing of water resource protection acts.
pravni akt
legal document
število odlokov
number of ordinances
delež [%]
share (%)
Zakon o vodah
Water Act
159 90
Zakon o prekrških
General Offences Act
96 54
Zakon o varstvu okolja
Environmental Protection Act
13 7
Zakon o lokalni samoupravi
Local Government Act
12 7
Zakon o urbanističnem planiranju
Urban Planning Act
3 2
Statut občine
Community Statute
144 81
Zakon o urejanju naselij in drugih
posegih v prostor
Urban Planning and Other Forms
Of Land Use Act
3 2
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
150
Preglednica 2. Pregled prepovedi za gradnjo cest znotraj zaščitenih območij.
V ožjem zaščitenem območju:
Prepovedana je gradnja novih cest
Prepovedana je gradnja prometnic
Prepovedano je graditi magistralne in regionalne ceste
Prepoved gradnje lokalnih cest
Prepovedana je izgradnja magistralnih cest in parkirišč
Prepovedana je gradnja javne ceste in cest za javni promet
Prepovedana je izgradnja novih cest z izjemo dovoznih cest, manjših poti in
kolovozov
V širšem zaščitenem območju:
Prepovedana je gradnja avtocest
Prepovedano je graditi ceste za tranzitni promet brez varstva podzemne vode
Prepovedana je gradnja novih cest z izjemo dovoznih
Table 2. Overview of the prohibitions for road construction within the protected areas.
In the inner protection areas:
Construction of new roads
Construction of traffic routes
Construction of main and regional roads
Construction of local roads
Construction of main roads and parking places
Construction of public roads and roads for public traffic
Construction of new roads with the exception of access roads, minor ways and tracks
In the outer protection area:
Motorway construction
Construction of roads for transit traffic without groundwater protection
Construction of new roads with the exception of access roads
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
151
5. SKLEP
Velik del Slovenije je pokrit z zavarovanimi
območji vodnih virov. Poleg pozitivne vloge
pri zaščiti virov pitne vode, predstavljajo
zavarovana območja številne omejitve
urbanističnemu razvoju, med drugim tudi
razvoju cestnega omrežja in prometa. Z
namenom, da bi ugotovili, kakšne so omejitve,
ki se nanašajo na ceste in promet, smo
analizirali vse veljavne in hkrati dostopne
odloke o zavarovanih območjih virov pitne
vode in njihove dopolnitve. Izhajali smo le iz
odlokov, strokovnih podlag, ki so služile
kot temelj za sprejem odlokov, nismo
analizirali.
Pregled odlokov je pokazal, da se med
seboj precej razlikujejo, tako po starosti, kot
tudi po vsebinski plati. Odloki, ki so bili
sprejeti kasneje, so praviloma bolj obsežni in
vsebujejo večje število zahtev, prepovedi in
omejitev. Takšne lastnosti veljajo tudi za
določila, ki se nanašajo na ceste in cestni
promet.
V zvezi s cestami, prometom in
transportom, ki se odvija po cestah, smo
prepovedi, ukrepe in omejitve, ki jih nalagajo
odloki, razdelili v naslednje skupine:
− omejitve gradnje cest in manipulacijskih
površin,
− gradbenotehnične zahteve za zaščito
podzemne vode
− omejitve hitrosti prometa,
− omejitve tranzitnega tranporta,
− omejitve prevoza nevarnih in škodljivih
snovi,
− zahteve po postavitvi signalizacije na
zavarovanih območjih.
Omejitve, ki jih odloki narekujejo cestam in
cestnemu prometu, segajo od načelnih zahtev
do konkretnih določb, ki se nanašajo na
projektiranje gradbenotehničnih zahtev za
zaščito vodnih virov. S podobnimi razmerami
imamo opraviti tudi pri predpisanih omejitvah
hitrosti vozil na zavarovanih območjih, kot
tudi pri drugih omejitvah. Nekatere od teh
težav bi bilo mogoče razrešiti z ustreznimi
tehničnimi specifikacijami, v predpise pa bi
bilo treba vgraditi zahtevo po praktični presoji
in nadzorovanju izvedenih ukrepov.
5. CONCLUSION
A great part of Slovenia is covered with
drinking water protected areas. Despite their
positive role in the protection of drinking
water resources, these protected areas pose
numerous restrictions to urban development,
and, among other things, to the development
of road infrastructure and traffic. With the aim
of obtaining an overview of the restrictions
applying to roads and traffic, all the accessible
acts on drinking water resource protection
areas and their amendments have been
analysed. Only the ordinances were analysed,
while the expert grounds, on which ther were
based, were not included in the analysis.
The survey of acts showed considerable
differences among the ordinances, as well with
regard to their dates of issue as also to their
contents. The documents which were passed
more recently are generally more
comprehensive, including more requirements,
prohibitions and restrictions. This is true, as
well, of the provisions referring to roads and
road traffic.
The prohibitions, measures and restrictions
demanded by the acts were grouped as
follows, with regard to the roads, traffic and
the transport on roads:
− restrictions of  road and manoeuvring area
construction
− technical engineering requirements for the
protection of the groundwater
− traffic speed restrictions
− restrictions of transit transport
− restrictions of the transport of dangerous
and harmful substances
− demands regarding the setting up of road
signs in the protected areas
The restrictions referring to roads and road
traffic range from the general requirements to
the concrete provisions determining the
planning of the technical requirements for
construction. A similar situation can also be
observed  with regard to speed limit
regulations in the protected areas and with
regard to other restrictions. Some of these
problems could be solved by means of
adequate technical specifications. In addition
to this, the regulations should also require the
practical judgement and monitoring of the
realised measures.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
152
Zaščita virov pitne vode je v pristojnostih
lokalne skupnosti, kar ima za posledico, da so
podatki o zavarovanih območjih in odlokih, ki
jih določajo, pogosto težko dostopni. Vsebina
nekaterih odlokov je že nekoliko zastarela in
ne upošteva današnjega stanja razvoja stroke,
kot tudi ne veljavne zakonodaje. Takšno stanje
je mogoče izboljšati le s tekočim vodenjem
podatkov o zavarovanih območjih vodnih
virov. Ustanova, ki bi upravljala s temi
podatki, bi morala upravne organe, pristojne za
zaščito vodnih virov, opozarjati na trenutno
stanje, ti pa bi morali na podlagi dopolnjenih
zakonskih podlag in strokovnih podlag
ustrezno ukrepati.
V zvezi z analizo normativnih ukrepov za
zaščito pred negativnimi vplivi s cest, ki so
podani v posameznih odlokih, ostajajo odprta
še številna vprašanja. Za podrobnejši vpogled
v stanje bi bilo treba izvesti tudi analizo
strokovnih podlag, ki so služile kot temelj za
sprejem odloka in analizo metodologij, ki so
predstavljale izhodišče za pripravo strokovnih
podlag. Na podlagi teh informacij je treba pri
nadaljnjih analizah izhajati tudi iz vrste
vodnega vira. Upoštevati bi bilo treba, ali gre
za površinski vodni vir, kraški, razpoklinski ali
medzrnski vodonosnik. Žal pa je velik del
strokovnih podlag težko dostopen, kar otežuje
natančno in celovito analizo. Seveda pa
ostajajo odprti še številni drugi vidiki odlokov
o varovanju virov pitne vode, ki zahtevajo
natančno in obsežno analizo.
The protection of drinking water is within
the responsibility of local communities: hence,
information about the protected areas and their
pertaining documents is not always readily
available. The contents of some ordinances is
somewhat outdated, paying no regard to the
present stage of professional knowledge and
valid legislation. This situation can be
improved only by the current and ongoing
monitoring of the protected water resource
areas. The institution dealing with these data
should keep the competent administrative
authorities informed about the present
situation, and these institutions should take the
appropriate measures on the basis of the new
legislation and the expert grounds.
In the analysis of the drinking water
protection ordinances, a lot of questions about
the influence of roads on drinking water
resources still remain open. For more detailed
insight into the ordinance, the expert grounds
and methodologies that formed the basis for
the implementation of the ordinance should be
analysed. In further analysis, the type of
drinking water resource must be considered.
On the basis of this information, drinking
water resources must be divided into the
following groups: karst aquifers, fissured
aquifers and intergranular aquifers. For some
ordinances, these facts are not accesible, which
makes a precise and complete analysis
imposible. Indeed, some further views of
drinking water resources still remain open, and
they require a precise and comprehensive
analysis.
ZAHVALA
Podatki in rezultati, ki so predstavljeni v
članku, so bili obdelani v okviru raziskovalne
naloge Zaščita podzemne pitne vode pred
negativnimi vplivi s cest, ki jo je financirala
Direkcija Republike Slovenije za ceste v
okviru Ministrstva za promet in zveze. Manjši
del obdelav in priprava članka so bili izvedeni
v okviru projekta Urbana hidrogeologija –
vpliv infrastrukturnih objektov na podzemno
vodo, ki ga financira Ministrstvo za šolstvo,
znanost in šport RS (št. Projekta L-1-3107-
0215-01). Avtor se za pomoč pri pripravi
podatkov o zavarovanih območjih zahvaljuje
absolventki geologije Saški Vidmar.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The data and results presented in the
articles were processed within the framework
of the research project: "The Protection of
Groundwater from the Negative Impacts of
Roads", which was financed by the Roads
Directorate of the Republic of Slovenia at the
Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Data processing and article preparation were
also partially carried out within the project:
"Urban Hydrogeology - the Impact of
Infrastructural Objects on Groundwater",
which was financed by The Ministry of
Education, Science and Sport  of the RS
(Project No. L-1-3107-0215-01). The author of
the article wishes to thank Saška Vidmar, a
geology graduate, for her help in the
preparation of data on the protected areas.
Brenčič, M.: Analiza normativnih ukrepov za zaščito virov pitne vode pred negativnimi vplivi s cest - An Analysis of
Standardised Measures for the Protection of Drinking Water Resources from the Negative Impacts of Roads
© Acta hydrotechnica 19/31 (2001), 137-153, Ljubljana
153
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Naslov avtorja - Author's Address
dr. Mihael Brenčič
Geološki zavod Slovenije -
Dimičeva 14, SI-1000 Ljubljana,
Email: mbrencic@geo-zs.si