O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 DOI: 10.1515/hacq-2016-0022 DE GRUYTER OPEN Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Igor Dakskobler1*, Boštjan Surina2 Dedicated to the late Professor Tone Wraber (1938-2010), with respect and gratitude for his pioneer work in the research of subalpine-alpine vegetation in Slovenia Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, Caricion firmae, Oxytropido-Elynion, Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Caricion firmae, Oxytropido-Elynion, Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, Julijske Alpe, Triglavski narodni park, Slovenija. Received: 24. 1. 2015 Revision received: 28. 2. 2016 Accepted: 1. 3. 2016 Abstract We conducted a phytosociological analysis of more than 250 relevés in the Julian Alps and compared them with similar communities elsewhere in the Alps and in the Dinaric Alps to describe the following new syntaxa of alpine swards and heathlands from the alliance Caricion firmae (class Elyno-Seslerietea): Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae, Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris, Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae, Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis, Saxifrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae and Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum caricetosum firmae, the new association Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis from the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion and two new syntaxa from the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion (class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea): Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis and Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododendretosum hirsuti. Many species that are rare, of conservation concern or protected in Slovenia occur in the newly described communities. Izvleček S fitocenološko analizo več kot 250 popisov in primerjavo s podobnimi združbami drugod v Alpah in Dinarskem gorstvu smo v Julijskih Alpah opisali naslednje nove sintaksone alpinskih trat in resav iz zveze Caricion firmae (razred Elyno-Seslerietea): Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae, Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris, Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae, Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis, Saxifrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae in Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum caricetosumfirmae, novo asociacijo Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis iz zveze Oxytropido-Elynion in dva nova sintaksona iz zveze Loiseleurio-Vaccinion (razred Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea): Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis in Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododendretosum hirsuti. V novo opisanih združbah uspevajo številne v Sloveniji redke, varstveno pomembne ali zavarovane rastlinske vrste. 1 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin and Biotechnical Faculty of the University in Ljubljana, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, SI-1000 Ljubljana. E-mail: igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia and Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. E-mail: bostjan.surina@prirodoslovni.com * Corresponding author. 49 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Introduction Contiguous subalpine-alpine grasslands in the Julian Alps are usually situated on sunny aspects on slopes under ridges. They are dominated by Sesleria caerulea and Carex sempervirens whose stands are classified into the association Ranunculo hybridi-Caricetum sempervirentis, while the grasslands with dominating Festuca calva are classified into the association Avenastro parlatorei-Fes-tucetum calvae (Surina 2005a). Swards and heaths on ridges and peaks at the altitude of about (1500) 1900 m - 2300 (2500) m are more fragmented, limited to small areas in the mosaic of scree and chasmophytic communities and snow bed communities. Site conditions here are very different from those on slopes (higher altitude and rockiness, initial soil, stronger wind action, differently distributed snow cover). If the surface allows, cushion-forming plants will establish themselves on such sites, usually dominated by Carex firma and Dryas octopetala. The stands dominated by the first are classified into the association Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae (T. Wraber 1970, 1978, Surina 2005a). The stands dominated by the latter, especially on fine talus, partly belong to the association Dryadetum octopetalae (Surina 2005a). On inconspicuous protrusions or small ledges on edges of rock faces with humus-rich rendzina occur stands featuring other species that dominate alongside the ones listed above, mainly those from the genus Vaccinium and the species Arctostaphylos alpina. Elyna myosuroides can establish itself on small areas (of a few square metres) on windy ridges where limestone is sporadically interlayered with marlstone or chert. Swards with dominating Carex rupestris occur on even smaller surfaces (sometimes on no more than a square metre) on windy rocky ridges or ledges on edges of northern rock faces with initial soils (lithosols). On the sunny side of the ridges, on steep, stony slopes, Carex mucronata sometimes occurs as the dominating species alongside Sesleria caerulea and Carex firma. While the stands of the associations Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae, Dryadetum octopetalae and Potentilletum nitidae are widespread and distinctive in this altitudinal belt in the Julian Alps, other forms of alpine swards and heathlands are less conspicuous and are more or less associated with rather specific sites and small surface areas. We studied the phytosociology of these fringe (minority) plant communities, which have already been discussed to some extent in several articles (Dakskobler 2003, Surina 2005a), and mutually compared them in order to contribute to the knowledge on subalpine-alpine vegetation in both the Julian Alps and Slovenian Alps in general. Research into these commu- nities was launched by late Tone Wraber, our teacher in the study of subalpine-alpine vegetation. We came across some of his relevés in his notes that are kept in Wraber's library in the Ljubljana Botanical Garden and analysed them together with the other relevés. Methods Alpine grasslands in the Julian Alps (with consideration of some of our relevés from the Karavanke Mts. and the Kamnik-Savinja Alps) were studied applying the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet 1964). The relevés of sedge swards, pioneer patches and heathlands on ridges were entered into the FloVegSi database (Fauna, Flora, Vegetation and Paleovegetation of Slovenia) of the Jovan Hadzi Institute of Biology at ZRC SAZU (T. Seliskar et al. 2003). The phytosociological relevés were arranged into tables based on hierarchical classification. We transformed the combined cover-abundance values with numerical values (1-9) according to van der Maarel (1979). Numerical comparisons were performed with the SYNTAX 2000 program package (Podani 2001). The relevés were compared by means of "(unweighted) average linkage method" - UPGMA, using Wishart's similarity ratio. The determined communities were compared with similar, already described communities in the Alps and partly also in the Dinaric Alps. We constructed four synthetic tables. Three of them (Appendix 1, 2 and 3) are added on the end of this article. Hierarchical classification was employed in these comparisons as well, and the same method was used as in our comparison of individual relevés. The nomenclature source for the names of vascular plants are the Mala flora Slovenia (MFS - Martincic et al. 2007), Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a, b, c), Poldini et al. (2001) and Foelsche (2014). The nomenclature of Flora alpina - Sesleria caerulea was used for the taxon Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria (MFS) and the nomenclature of Vascular flora of Friuli Venezia Giulia for the taxon Achillea clavennae. Martincic (2003) is the nomenclature source for the names of mosses and Suppan et al. (2000) for the names of lichens. Only the most frequent taxa were determined for the mosses and lichens, some only to the rank of genus. For the names of syntaxa we follow Grabherr (1993), Grabherr et al. (1993), Theurillat (2004), Surina & Dakskobler (2005) and Silc & Carni (2012). In the classification of species into phytosociological groups (groups of diagnostic species) we mainly refer to the Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a, b). The geographic coordinates of relevés are determined according to the Slovenian geographic 49 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) coordinate system D 48 (5th zone) on the Bessel ellipsoid and with Gauss-Kruger projection. Most of the relevés discussed in this article were made in the Julian Alps, some also in the Karavanke Mts. (Kepa, the chain of Mt. Peca) and in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps (Komen in the Smrekovec Mountains, where magmatic rocks prevail, Veliki Vrh above the Makekova Kočna Valley near Zgornje Jezersko). The geological bedrock in the study area is mainly calcareous, limestone, dolomite limestone, only sporadically (the most distinctively in the vicinity of Mangart and on the ridge of the rock face Loška Stena) in-terlayered with more silicate rocks, marlstone, claystone and chert (Buser 2009). The studied communities occur on initial soils (lithosols) and different forms of rendzina, on small areas also on deeper, brown soil (Lovrenčak 1998, Vidic et al. 2015). The climate is montane, with mean annual precipitation of 2000 mm to 3000 mm (Zupančič 1998) and mean annual air temperature of +2 °C to -2 °C (Cegnar 1998). The amount of snowfall and snow cover duration have varied considerably in recent years, with generally milder winters, warmer summers and shorter average periods of snow cover than in the past, as can be observed from long-term annual averages. The growing season usually lasts from (May) June to September (October). The studied communities are often associated with specific sites, both in terms of terrain, soil conditions and the local climate. Results and discussion Review of the studied syntaxa, with types of newly described communities Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948 Seslerietalia tenuifoliae Horvat 1930 Seslerion tenuifoliae Horvat 1930 Scabioso silenifoliae-Caricetum mucronatae Surina et T. Wraber 2005; lectotypus is relevé 16 in Table 1 (Surina & Wraber 2005: 102-103), while relevé 15 in the same table, which was primarily chosen as the nomenclature type — holotypus (Surina & Wraber 2005: 108) despite the absence of Scabiosa silenifolia, is not in accordance with the existing Code (Weber et al. 2000: 750, Art. 16). The same relevé was selected as lectotypus also for the subassociation -edraianthetosum graminifolii. Seslerietalia coeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Caricion firmae Gams 1936 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae T. Wraber 1970 Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 13 in Table 1. Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 25 in Table 2. Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 15 in Table 4. Dryadetum octopetalae Rubel 1911 Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae Dakskobler, Sinjur, Veber et Zupan 2008 Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum Aichinger 1933 caricetosum firmae subass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 5 in Table 5. Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 27 in Table 5. Empetro-Arctostaphyletum alpinae nom. prov. Saxifrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 5 in Table 6. Oxytropido-Elynion myosuroidis Br.-Bl. 1950 Caricetum rupestris E. et S. Pignatti 1985 Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 35 in Table 3. Carici curvulae-Elynetum myosuroidis (Heiselmayer 2004) Dakskobler et Surina ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, lectotypus, is relevé 21 in Table 2 (Heiselmayer, 2004). Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Eggler ex Schubert 1960 Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Loseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis Br.-Bl. in Br.--Bl. et Jenny 1926 corr. Grabherr 1993 rhododen-dretosum hirsuti subass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 5 in Table 5. Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis ass. nov. hoc loco; the nomenclature type, holotypus, is relevé 74 in Table 5. Homogyno alpinae-Empetretum hermaphroditae nom. prov. Subalpine-alpine swards with dominant Carex firma, C. mucronata, C. rupestris Subalpine-alpine stands with dominating sedges Carex firma, C. rupestris and (or) C. mucronata from the Julian Alps, partly also from the Karavanke and Kamnik- 3 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 0,80,75 ï 0,7 i 0,65 Ï 0,6 i 0,55 ï jí 0,5 i ra 0,45 i .!= 0,4 - tn 0,35-Q : 0,3 0,25 i 0,2 i 0,15 i 0,1 i 0,05 0,0 Figure 1: Dendrogram of relevés of subalpine-alpine swards with dominant sedges Carex firma, C. rupestris, C. mucronata in the Slovenian Alps (A — Gentiano-Caricetum firmae, B — Caricetum rupestris s. lat., C — Caricetum mucronatae s. lat.). Slika 1: Dendrogram popisov subalpinsko-alpinskih trat z dominantnimi šaši Carex firma, C. rupestris, C. mucronata v slovenskih Alpah (A — Gentiano-Caricetum firmae, B — Caricetum rupestris s. lat., C — Caricetum mucronatae s. lat.). Savinja Alps, were compared by means of hierarchical classification. For the association Gentiano-Caricetum firmae we used some of the already published relevés (Surina 2005a) and some that have not yet been published (Dakskobler, mscr.). Despite their floristic similarity and the fact that the dominant cushion-forming species of the alpine belt in the Julian Alps, Carex firma, is frequent also in the stands where other sedges tend to establish themselves, the stands with the dominating Carex firma grouped separately from the stands with dominating C. rupestris and from the stands with the dominating C. mucronata (Figure 1). Even though such stands can be treated also at the rank of subassociation (Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae) — compare Braun-Blanquet & Jenny (1926), Eggensberger (1994), Pignatti E. & S. (2014) and Caricetum firmae caricetosum rupestris (Dakskobler 2003), the results of our comparison indicate that despite their considerable floristic similarity in the Julian Alps it would nevertheless make sense to distinguish between three forms of alpine swards with dominating sedges: Caricetum firmae s. lat., Caricetum rupestris s. lat. and Caricetum mucronatae s. lat. This served as the basis on which we processed and analysed the relevés of the studied grasslands. Communities with dominating Carex mucronata in the Julian Alps In Table 1 we arranged 27 relevés of grasslands with dominating Carex mucronata. The relevés were made at the altitudes of 1430 m to 2290 m, on steep to precipitous sunny slopes where the herb layer covers between 30 and 90%. Three subunits are distinguished: var. Carlina acau-lis (relevés 1—3 in Table 1), var. Dianthus sylvestris (relevés 4—10 in Table 1), of which two relevés from the Krn Mountains have already been published, Surina 2005a: 77—79, one relevé is from the eastern Karavanke Mts. and one from the Kamnik Alps) and var. Carex firma (relevés 11—27 in Table 1). Relevés of variants Carex firma and Dianthus sylvestris were compared with similar syntaxa with dominant Carex mucronata in the Alps and in the Dinaric Alps. For this comparison we made a synthetic table with the following syntaxa (Appendix 1): 1 CmA Caricetum mucronatae, Austria, Northeastern Calcareous Alps (Dirnbock et al. 2001, Table 2, column 17) 2 PcCm Caricetum mucronatae var. geogr. Primula carn-iolica = Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Primula carniolica, NW Dinaric Alps, Trnovski Gozd Plateau (Dakskobler 2006, Table 4, relevés 1-10) 4 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 3 SasCmds Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris, Julian Alps, Karavanke, Kamnik Alps, this article, Table 1, relevés 4-10 4 SasCmty Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Carex firma, Julian Alps, this article, Table 1, relevés 11-27 5 Cfcm-Pig. Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 2014, Synoptic Association Table 11, column 5) 6 GtCfcm Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae = Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Karavanke (Aichinger 1933, Table 26, columns 5-12) 7 Cfcm-BB Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Central Alps (Braun-Blanquet & Jenny 1926, Table 7, columns 1-3) 8 Cfcm-BB-Ra Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Raethian Alps (Braun-Blanquet 1969, Table Cari-cetum firmae, columns 20-22) 9 Cfcm Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Ammergauer Alps (Eggensberger 1994, Table 19, columns 113-127) 10 Cfcm-Dach Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Dachstein Alps (Pignatti-Wikus 1959: 100-101, Table Firmetum, column 2) 11 ScsCm Scabioso silenifoliae-Caricetum mucronatae, NW Dinaric Alps, Mt. Snežnik (Surina & T. Wraber 2005, Table 1) 12 CmI Caricetum mucronatae s. lat., Lombard Pre-Alps, N-Italy (Ravazzi 1992, Table 1, Cariceti xerofili) 13 GhCm Genisto-Caricetum mucronatae, Slovenia, NW Dinaric Alps, Trnovski Gozd Plateau (Poldini 1978, Table 3) These thirteen syntaxa were compared by means of hierarchical classification, which gave the following result (Figure 2). This comparison demonstrates a significantly different floristic composition of the stands of associations Gen-isto holopetalae-Caricetum mucronatae (Mt. Čaven on the Trnovski Gozd Plateau, the Dinaric Alps) and Caricetum mucronatae s. lat ("Cariceti xerophili") from the foothills of the Southern Alps in Lombardy (northern Italy). Flo-ristically different are also the stands of the association Scabioso silenifoliae-Caricetum mucronatae on Mt. Snežnik (the Dinaric Alps). Relevés of the syntaxa on rockier sites that indicate a transition to a chasmophytic community group separately: Caricetum mucronatae var. Primula car-niolica (Hudournik and Govci, the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd Plateau) and Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris. In terms of floristic similarity they are accompanied by relevés from the association Caricetum 0,8- 'S 0,3-Q 0,20,10,0 Figure 2: Dendrogram of syntaxa with dominant Carex mucronata in the Alps and Dinaric Alps (UPGMA, 1— similarity ratio). Slika 2: Dendrogram sintaksonov s prevladujočo vrsto Carex mucronata v Alpah in Dinarskem gorstvu (UPGMA, 1— similarity ratio). mucronate from the northeastern Alps. The relevés from other regions in the Alps form a single cluster, with relevés from the Central and Northeastern Alps separated from the relevés from the Dolomites and the Southeastern Alps. The association Caricetum mucronatae (Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926) Thomaser 1977 was typified by Grabherr et al. (1993: 410-411). They selected the lectotype from the table published by Braun-Blanquet et Jenny (1926). The differential species of the association are Campanula cochleariifolia, Carex humilis, Kernera saxatilis, Leontodon incanus and Valeriana saxatilis, and the dominant and constant companions include Carex mucronata, Anthyl-lis vulneraria subsp. alpestris, Crepis jacquinii, C. kerneri, Helianthemum alpestris, Sesleria caerulea. Species, such as Carex humilis, Leontodon incanus and Crepis kerneri rarely occur in our relevés and Crepis jacquinii is absent from them altogether. Compared to the relevés from the Central Alps and the Dachstein Mountains our relevés frequently comprise Ranunculus hybridus, Saxífraga squarrosa, S. crustata, Sesleria sphaero-cephala, Koeleria eriostachya and Rhodothamnus chamae-cistus. Only Ranunculus hybridus and Rhodothamnus chamaecistus occur in some of the relevés of the syntaxa Caricetum mucronatae or Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae from the Northeastern Alps (Eggensberger 1994, Dirnbock et al. 2001). The contact stands of these stony swards in the Julian Alps are classified into the associations Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae and Ranunculo hybridi-Caricetum sempervirentis, associations that are different from those known in the compared Alpine regions (including the Northeastern Alps) where the stands of the association Caricetum mucronatae s. lat. have also been reported. The studied stands from Pm I ü Ü Ü £ u o m m m m Ü u ü « Q i Ü Ü Ü Ü -c Ü 5 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) the Julian Alps could be treated as a special geographical variant or a territorial form (Gebietsausbildung) of the association Caricetum mucronatae. The applicable Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Weber et al. 2000) does not know this syntaxonomic category so it is appropriate to classify it into a new association, Saxífrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae ass. nov. In addition to the dominant Carex mucronata its differential species include the above-mentioned taxa, to a lesser extent also individual specimens of other species from the Southeastern-Alpine alliances Caricion austroalpinae and Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae. The listed species characterise these stands both ecologically (stony sites, the transition of grasslands into chasmophytic communities) and phytogeographically (distribution in the Eastern and Southeastern Alps). If we compare relevé 13 (holotypus) with the relevé that is the nomenclature type of the association Caricetum mu-cronatae (Braun-Blanquet & Jenny 1926, Table 7, column 2, see also Grabherr et al. 1993: 410), their floristic similarity according to Sorensen (1948) is only 35%. Both relevés comprise Carex mucronata, Carex firma, Anthyl-lis vulneraria subsp. alpestris, Campanula cochleariifolia, Gentiana clusii, Sesleria caerulea and Globularia cordifolia. Such type dissimilarity also allows for a description of a new association. It is classified into the alliance Caricion firmae, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Sesleri-etea. Based on the comparison in the synthetic table (Figure 2) the stands of the syntaxon Caricetum mucronatae var. geogr. Primula carniolica (Dakskobler 2006) from the northern edge of the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (the Di-naric Alps) are also classified into the new association as a special variant Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Primula carniolica. The stands of the new association Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae differ from the other subalpine-alpine grasslands discussed in this article not only with their sites (very steep, sunny aspect, rocki-ness or stoniness) but also with a higher proportion of species from alliances Caricion austroalpinae, Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae and order Potentilletalia caulescentis (Table 8, columns 7 and 29). The stands of the syntaxon Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris indicate a transitional form of a stony subalpine-alpine grassland toward chasmophytic communities and are floristically slightly different from the stands of the variant with Carex firma. Figure 3 shows the distribution of the association Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucro-natae in Slovenia based on our relevés. Some of the stands of this association may be pioneer stands that occurred as a result of the forest fire in the dwarf pine community (such as that on the hill Jehlc south of Rodica on the Tolmin-Bohinj ridge in the Julian Alps). 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 3: Localities of the stands of the association Saxifrago squarros-ae-Caricetum mucronatae on the map of Slovenia. Slika 3: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae na zemljevidu Slovenije. Communities with dominating Carex rupestris in the Julian Alps and the Karavanke Phytosociological fidelity of Carex rupestris in the Julian Alps was first described by T. Wraber (1985: 56). He observed it in the stands of associations Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae and Potentilletum nitidae. According to his findings at the time the stands dominated by this sedge are similar to the stands of the association Elynetum. Our first comparison of the stands with dominant Carex rupestris from the Julian Alps and the Karavanke (several relevés from Mt. Kepa and Mt. Peca) by means of hierarchical classification comprised also 29 relevés from the original description of the association Caricetum rupestris in South-Tyrolean Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 1985). The results demonstrated that only three of our relevés (relevés 1—3 in Table 2) grouped with the relevés from South Tyrol; all other relevés grouped separately. This provided the basis for the analytic table (Table 2), for which we selected a total of 85 relevés. These were made at the altitude between 1510 m and 2390 m, on all aspects, but predominantly on rocky ridges and shady ledges over northern rock faces. This table also served as the basis for the synthetic table (Appendix 2) in which we included the following syntaxa: 1 Cr-Do Caricetum rupestris var. Androsace hausma-nii, South Tyrol Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 1985, Table 1, relevés 1—5) 2 Cr-DoJA Do Caricetum rupestris var. typica, South Tyrol Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 1985, Table 1, relevés 6-29) and relevés 1-3 in Table 2, this article, from the Julian Alps 3 Cr-JT Caricetum rupestris, South Tyrol Dolomites, Eggentaler Alm (Vorhauser & Erschbamer 2000, Table 1, column 1) 6 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 4 SpCrdo Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Dryas octopetala, Julian Alps, Karavanke, this article, Table 2, relevés 4—35 5 SpCron Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Oxytropis neglecta, Julian Alps, Karavanke, this article, Table 2, relevés 36—64 6 SpCrpc Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Potentilla clusiana, Julian Alps, Karavanke, this article, Table 2, relevés 65—71 7 SpCrhd Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Homogyne discolor, Julian Alps, this article, Table 2, relevés 79-85 8 SpCrsr Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Sa-lix retusa, Julian Alps, Karavanke, this article, Table 2, relevés 72-78 9 AsCr Arabido scopolianae-Caricetum rupestris nom. prov., Dinaric Alps, Mt. Snežnik (T. Wraber, in litt.) 10 Caricetum rupestris, Hochschwab (Dirnbock et al. 1999: 138), one relevé. A more extensive comparison that would incorporate the communities with dominant Carex rupestris elsewhere in the South-Euopean mountain ranges (e.g. in the Apennines - Biondi et al. 2000, or in the Rila Mountains -Roussakova 2002) was not required for a relevant classification of our relevés and was therefore not conducted. Our comparison of the listed syntaxa using hierarchical classification (we could not use the relevé from Hochschwab in this context) gave the following results (Figure 4): 0,80,70,6>. ^ 0,5-ro ■E 0,4- tn H H H 3 < < H bo C H ti '¡» M O m > m H H H > H > (iq W H * £ H Figure 6: Dendrogram of syntaxa with dominant Elyna myosuroides in the Alps (UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio). Slika 6: Dendrogram sintaksonov s prevladujočo vrsto Elyna myosuroides v Alpah (UPGMA, 1—similarity ratio). The results indicate that our relevés group with those from Friuli Venezia Giulia, separately from the relevés from the Dolomites, the Northeastern and Central Alps. Heiselmayer's relevés from the High Tauern (2004) are especially distinct. Grabherr (1993: 375) lists the following species as diagnostic for the association Elynetum myosuroides: Arenaria ciliata, Carex parviflora, Ceras-tium alpinum, Dianthus glacialis, Gentiana prostrata, Ligusticum mutellinoides, Oxytropis campestris, O. halleri, Saussurea alpina, and as dominant species and constant companions the species Elyna myosuroides, Agrostis alpina, Aster alpinus, Campanula scheuchzeri, Carex rupestris, Festuca quadriflora, Hedysarum hedysaroides, Minuartia gerardii (M. verna subsp. verna), Polygonum viviparum, Potentilla crantzii, Primula minima, Salix serpyllifolia and Silene acaulis, together with lichens Cetraria island- ica, C. nivalis and Thamnolia vermicularis. A number of the listed species were either not observed in our relevés (see Table 3) or are very rare. These relevés were made mainly in the lower alpine belt, at the altitude of 2070 m to 2450 m (Oriolo's relevés, ibid., were made at a similar altitude), which is lower than the sites where they usually dominate in the Central Alps. The geological bedrock is predominantly calcareous (limestone, dolomite limestone), in places interlayered with marlstone and chert. The soil is usually more initial than in the Central Alps (Albrecht 1969: 32): different forms of rendzina, especially raw, humus-rich rendzina (mor or tangel) — see also Braun-Blanquet (1954: 44), in places even lithosol. Almost all of the relevés were made on windy crests and ridges, promontories or on mountain tops. The stands covered from 1 to 10 m2 of the surface area. The species composition in Table 3 and dendrogram in Figure 6 do not justify the classification of our relevés into the association Elynetum myosuroidis s. str., so they are classified into the new association Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis ass. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species of the new association are Elyna myosuroides (as the dominant species of these alpine swards), Euphrasia minima, Achillea clavennae, Carex firma, Oxytropis neglecta, Aster bellidiastrum, Sesleria sphaerocephala, Homogyne discolor, Saussurea pygmaea and Koeleria eriostachya. The listed species characterise the new association both in terms of sites (lower alpine belt, contact with the stands of the association Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum fir-mae, rendzina with raw humus as the predominant soil type) and phytogeography — their distribution in the (South)Eastern Alps. Achillea clavennae is an eastern-Alpine-Illyrian species, a character species of the order Seslerietalia coeruleae (Grabherr et al. 1993: 404) or of the alliance Seslerion variae (Aeschimann et al. 2004b: 486). In the stands of the association Elynetum myosuroidis s. lat. it sporadically occurs also in the Dolomites. Albrecht (1969) recorded it in the stands of the syntaxon Elynetum myosuroidis seslerietosum variae, especially in the stands of the variant Elynetum myosuroidis seslerietosum variae var. Leontodon montanus, for which it is differential. One of the dominant species in the stands of this variant is the taxon Carex curvula subsp. rosea. Erschbamer (1992) described the stands with dominant taxa Elyna myosuroides and Carex curvula subsp. rosaea as the association Elyno-Caricetum roseae. In terms of floristics, ecology and phytogeography the stands of the syntaxon Elynetum myosuroidis seslerietosum variae var. Leontodon montanus are very different from the stands of the new association Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis, even though they have some species in common. This association is classified into the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion, 9 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Seslerietea. Oriolo (ibid.) proposes such synsystematic classification also for the association Elynetum myosuroidis s. str. Other authors, e.g. Grabherr (1993) and Pignatti E. & S. (2014: 460), classify it into the same alliance but into the order Oxytropido-Kobresietalia or Elynetalia and class Carici-Kobresietea. The relevés of alpine sedge swards and pioneer patches in the Julian Alps that we have processed so far do not allow for classification of any stands into the order Oxytropido-Kobresietalia and class Carici-Kobresiet-ea bellardii. The results of our analysis, however, do not fully support the finding noted by Oriolo (2001: 100), namely that alpine sedge swards and pioneer patches with dominant Elyna myosuroides from the entire Alps can be classified into a single association with relatively few variants and forms, and with insignificant variety in terms of their phytogeography. Based on the results of hierarchical classification (Figure 6) the relevés published by Heiselmayer (2004, Table 2) can be classified into the new association Carici curvulae-Elynetum myosuroidis (Heiselmayer 2004) Dakskobler et Surina ass. nov. Some of the relevés of the syntaxon Elynetum myosuroidis helic-totrichetosum versicoloris (Albrecht 1969, relevés 113 and 114 in Table 3) could probably be classified into this association. Despite some similarities in the species composition and ecology, a comparison with the stands of the subassociation Caricetum curvulae elynetosum Br.-Bl. 1926 em. Albrecht 1969 (comp. Albrecht 1969, Table 4, relevés 1 to 11) demonstrates a fundamental difference in the dominant species of both communities. While the stands described by Heiselmayer (ibid.) are dominated by Elyna myosuroides the stands described by Albrecht (ibid.) are dominated by Carex curvula. Therefore, the new name Carici curvulae-Elynetum does not imply that the already described subassociation has been promoted to the rank of association. The new association is classified into the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Seslerietea, with consideration of the results published by Oriolo (2001). Its diagnostic species are Carex curvula subsp. curvula, Agrostis rupestris, Juncus trifidus, Saxifraga aizoides and Silene excapa. Three variants are distinguished in the stands of the association Achilleo clavannae-Elynetum myosuroidis. In addition to var. typica (Table 3, relevés 35—44) the variant with Vaccinium gaultherioides (Table 3, relevés 1—12) on relatively deep and slightly acid soils and the variant with Carexfirma (Table 3, relevés 13—34), which is characterised by a higher frequency of the character species of the association Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae and of the species Dryas octopetala, while the soil is more initial than in the previous variant. Compared to other alpine grasslands discussed in this paper the stands of the association Achilleo-Elynetum are characterised by a higher proportion of diagnostic species of the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion and by a relatively high proportion of diagnostic species of the class Juncetea trifidi and order Arabidetalia caeruleae (Table 8, columns 17 to 19). The distribution of this association in the Julian Alps as established by our relevés is shown in Figure 7. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Slika 7: Nahajališča preučevanih sestojev asociacije Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum v Julijskih Alpah. Communities with dominating Dryas octopetala in the Julian Alps Grabherr et al. (1993: 413) report that the association Dryadetum octopetalae comprises mainly pioneer stands on fine calcareous and calcareous-silicate talus across a wide altitudinal range in the major part of the Alps. The dominant Dryas octopetala stabilises and improves soil conditions in these stands, thus allowing for gradual settlement of more demanding species. This species persists also in subsequent succession stages, but with lower medium coverage, and occurs in most alpine grasslands recorded in the Julian Alps. Surina (2005a, Phyt. Table 21) presented it with six relevés from the Krn Mountains. We described its special form, association Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae in the Triglav Mountains, in two frost hollows in the Fužina Pasture-lands (Dakskobler et al. 2008). In the following years we made and compared a total of 49 relevés, one of which was from the Peca range in the eastern Karavanke. For now, our comparison does not include the stands of the association Scabioso silenifoliae-Dryadetum octopetalae from the Snežnik Mountains in the northern part of the Dinaric Alps (Surina 2005b), because they clearly differentiate from the relevés from the Southeastern Alps 10 0-|- • I. Dakskobler & B. Surma IclCQUCtlii 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) with the presence of certain, mostly Illyrian (Dinaric), species such as Scabiosa silenifolia, Arabis scopoliana, Ed-raianthus graminifolius, Carex kitabeliana, Thymus bal-canus, Polygala croatica, Gentianella liburnica, Euphrasia liburnica and Plantago holosteum, so it is classified into the alliance Seslerion tenuifoliae. The relevés of the association Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae grouped completely separately from the other 35 relevés that were subsequently arranged in Table 4. Two groups are distinguished here. The first comprises 19 relevés (relevés 1—19 in Table 4) that characteristically occur mainly in the alpine belt, at the altitudes between 1870 m and 2390 m, with prevailing shady aspects, on very gentle slopes on ridges to steep slopes with fine talus, predominantly at the contact with alpine swards, mainly with the stands of the association Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae whose floristic composition is very similar. This is corroborated also by the comparative analysis of all alpine grasslands in the Julian Alps (Table 7 and Figure 13). This similarity provides the basis for the description of the new association Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae ass. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species of the new association are Dryas octopetala (dominant species), Sesleria sphaerocephala, Doronicum glaciale, Silene acau-lis, Lloydia serotina, Saxífragapaniculata and Salix serpyl-lifolia. The listed species characterise the stands of the new association both in terms of ecology and phytoge-ography as an eastern-Alpine community, supposedly a stage in succession in the sere from the initial forms of the association Dryadetum octopetalae s. lat. towards the stands of the association Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae. The new association is therefore classified into the alliance Caricion firmae, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Seslerietea. Two variants are distinguished: var. Saxifraga crustata (relevés 1—9 in Table 4) and var. Gentianapumila (relevés 10—19 in Table 4). In addition to Saxifraga crustata the species that differentiate the first variant are Saxifraga squarrosa and Saussurea pyg-maea; this variant is characteristic for relatively stoney, rubbly sites where Carex firma is already gradually becoming established. In terms of proportion the stands of this syntaxon are dominated by species of the alliance Caricion firmae and class Elyno-Seslerietea, diagnostic are also species from the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii and order Potentiletallia caulescentis (column 6 in Table 8). The stands of the variant with Gentiana pumila occur on slightly wetter sites with better developed soils. Diagnostic species of the alliance Caricion firmae are no longer so distinctly dominant in its stands and the species from the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion and order Arabidetalia caeruleae (column 11 in Table 8) stand out with a higher proportion. Much more frequent in these stands than in the stands of the previously described variant are Doro-nicim glaciale, Salix serpyllifolia, Trifolium pallescens, Carex parviflora, Vaccinium gaultherioides and Salix reticulata, which indicates a contact or a certain similarity with snow bed communities. For the time being, relevés 20—35 in Table 4 are classified into the association Dryadetum octopetalae. The localities of its stands are in the altitudinal belt ranging from 1350 m to 2270 m, with most of them still in the subalpine belt, below 2000 m a.s.l. This is demonstrated also by the higher proportion of diagnostic species of the class Elyno-Seslerietea over the proportion of diagnostic species of the alliance Caricion firmae. There are three variants within this association. The stands of the variant with Carex sempervirens (relevés 20—27 in Table 4) characterise talus sites with a higher proportion of diagnostic species of the order Arabidetalia caeruleae and class Thlaspietea rotundifolii (column 25 in Table 8). The variant with Vaccinium vitis-idaea (relevés 28—31 in Table 4) has a higher proportion of diagnostic species from the class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, order Caricetalia daval-lianae and class Vaccinio-Piceetea and is therefore characteristic of the sites with better developed, humus-rich soils (column 21 in Table 10). The stands of the variant with Daphne striata (relevés 32—35 in Table 4) are characterised by a higher proportion of species of the order Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae (column 22 in Table 10). The currently known distribution of associations Sesle-rio-Dryadetum octopetalae and Dryadetum octopetalae in the Julian Alps as demonstrated by our relevés is shown in Figure 8. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Slika 8: Nahajališča preučevanih sestojev asociacij Seslerio sphaeroceph-alae-Dryadetum ® in Dryadetum octopetalae na zemljevidu Sloveniji. 11 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Associations Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum and Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis and other communities with dominant Vaccinium gaultherioides in Slovenia Table 5 comprises 75 relevés of swards or heathlands in the alpine belt of the Slovenian Alps, all of them characterised by the predominance of species that indicate acid soils and (or) raw humus, especially certain species from the family Ericaceae (Vaccinium ssp., Loiseleuria sp., Arc-tostaphylos alpina) and Empetrum hermaphroditum. Their communities, which are classified into different alliances and even classes, are relatively rare in the predominantly limestone Slovenian Alps. T. Wraber (1996: 110) mentions stands of associations Empetro-Vaccinietum and Arctostaphylo-Loiseleurietum. Surina (2005a, Table 27) documented the stands of the association Empetro-Vac-cinietum in the Krn Mountains with three relevés. Relevé 1 in Table 5 is unique as it was made in the forest belt at the altitude of 1470 m. It is classified into the provisional association Homogyno alpinae-Empetretum hermaphroditae nom. prov., into the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia and class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea. It indicates a succession stage in the overgrowing of former altimontane-subalpine hay meadows in the belt of acidophilous beech forests (Luzulo-Fagetum s. lat.). Relevés 2—6 in Table 5 are classified into the association Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis. Four of the relevés are from the Julian Alps. We made them in the altitudinal belt spanning from 1800 m to 2140 m, on calcareous bedrock; the soil type is rendzina with raw humus (mor or tangel). One of the relevés is from the Smrekovec Mountains in the Savinja Alps, where the geological bedrock is silicate and the soil is ranker. The dominant species of these stands are Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium gautherioides, V. vitis-idaea and occasionally V. myrtillus. Based on the synoptic description of this association (Grabherr 1993: 454—456) we classify our relevés into the new subassociation Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododendre-tosum hirsuti subas. nov. hoc loco. The differential species of the subassociation, Rhododendron hirsutum, Pinus mugo and Rhodothamnus chamaecistus, indicate a special form of acidophilous subalpine-alpine heathlands in the predominantly calcareous Southeastern Alps. In terms of proportion they are dominated by the diagnostic species of the classes Leuseleurio-Vaccinietea and Vaccinio-Piceetea and order Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae, but there are also relatively many mosses and lichens (column 27 in Table 8). This association is classified into the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia and class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea. Relevés 7—20 in Table 5 are classified into the association Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum, which was first described by Aichinger (1933, Table 43) on Mt. Dobratsch / Dobrac in the Gailtal Alps. Our relevés are slightly different from his and are therefore classified into the new subassociation Homogyno discoloris-Loise-leurietum Aichinger 1933 caricetosum firmae subass. nov. hoc loco. Grabherr et al. (1993: 412) refer to Loiseleuria procumbens, Agrostis rupestris, Homogyne discolor and Vaccinium myrtillus as diagnostic species of the association. We add two species to the list, Arctostaphylos alpina and Antennaria carpatica. Differential species of the new subassociation are Carex firma, Agrostis alpina, Sesleria caerulea and Pedicularis rostratocapitata; they indicate the contact with the stands of Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae, the association that predominates in the vicinity, and shallow soil. Our relevés were made at the altitudes ranging from 1940 m to 2380 m, mostly on shady aspects, rock ledges and gentle to moderately steep slopes. The geological bedrock is calcareous (limestone, dolomite limestone), in places interlayered with marlstone and chert. The locally acidic soil is mainly the result of accumulated raw humus. Its entire floristic composition justifies the classification of the association Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum into the alliance Ca-ricion firmae, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Seslerietea. Its distribution in Slovenia as demonstrated by our relevés is shown in Figure 9. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 9: Localities of stands of the syntaxa Empetro-Vaccinietum and Homogyno-Loiseleurietum ® on the map of Slovenia. Slika 9: Nahajališča sestojev sintaksonov Empetro-Vaccinietum in Homogyno-Loiseleurietum ® na zemljevidu Slovenije. Relevés 21-61 in Table 5 are classified into the new association Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis. 12 0-|- • I. Dakskobler & B. Surma IclCQUCtlii 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) In terms of floristic composition this association indicates stands that are transitional between the stands of the association Empetro-Vaccinietum, which is classified into the alliance Loiseleurio-Vaccinion, and Homogyno-Loiseleurietum, which is classified into the alliance Ca-ricion firmae, but have more in common with the latter. They are specific in that Empetrum hermaphroditum and Loiseleuriaprocumbens occur very rarely within them and even when they do these relevés do not group with other relevés of the stands of associations Empetro-Vaccinietum or Homogyne-Loiseleurietum in hierarchical classification procedures. They occur on similar sites, on mainly shady rock ledges on calcareous bedrock (limestone, dolo-mitized limestone, rarely interlayered with marlstone or chert, the soil is rendzina with row humus, mor or tangel) at altitudes between 1900 m and 2460 m. Diagnostic species of the new association, Vaccinium gault-herioides, Arctostaphylos alpina, Rhodothamnus chamaecis-tus, Homogyne discolor, Dryas octopetala and Pedicularis rostratocapitata, characterise this community both in terms of sites and phytogeography. We distinguish three variants, namely var. Rhodothamnus chamaecistus (which includes the three relevés published by Surina 2005a, Tab. 27, who classified them into the association Empet-ro-Vaccinietum) — relevés 21—50 in Table 5, var. Gentiana pumila (the latter is distinguished from the first mainly by the absence of species of the order Rhododendro hirsu-ti-Ericetalia carneae and a higher proportion of species of the alliance Caricion firmae) — relevés 51—58 in Table 5, and var. Sesleria caerulea (only three relevés and a higher mean coverage of Sesleria caerulea) — relevés 59—61 in Table 5. Based on the composition by proportions of diagnostic species (see columns 13 and 16 in Table 8) we classify the association Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis into the alliance Caricion firmae, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Seslerietea. Relevés 62—66 in Table 5 indicate a special type of cushion vegetation on ridges that we temporarily classify into the provisional association Empetro-Arctostaphyle-tum alpinae nom. prov. The site consists of shady rock ledges on limestone or dolomite limestone with raw humus-rich rendzina (mor or tangel). The dominant species of these stands are Empetrum hermaphroditum, Arcto-staphylos alpina, Dryas octopetala, Rhodothamnus chamae-cistus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Carex firma. Also diagnostic are Homogyne alpina, Sesleria sphaerocephala and Huperzia selago. So far, we have recorded the stands of this alpine heathland only on the ridge of Mt. Plesivec, to the east of Trentski Pelc between the Lower Trenta and Zapoden Valley (four relevés) and made one relevé of the untypical form of this association under Mt. Tolminski Kuk. The altitude is between 1900 m and 2000 m. For the time being we classify the provisional new association based on the composition by groups of diagnostic species (column 28 in Table 8, diagnostic species of the order Rhododendro-Ericetalia carneae and class Vaccinio-Piceetea stand out with higher proportions) into the alliance Caricion firmae, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elyno-Seslerietea. While relevés 67 and 68 in Table 5 cannot yet be appropriately synsystematically defined, relevés 69—75 in this table are classified into the new association Hom-ogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis ass. nov. They grow on plateaus and ledges with very acid soils (rendzi-na with row humus, ranker). The geological bedrock is dolomite limestone or limestone, frequently interlayered with marlstone and chert. The predominating species 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 10: Localities of stands of the association Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis on the map of Slovenia. Slika 10: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinie-tum gaultherioidis na zemljevidu Slovenije. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 i 4°— i 5°— i r a < v -v v ¿i V"" v > A M* 'X £ i1 £5? 46° —^ i. — - \ L. i1" « - i À t u fN SLOVEN 1 A 0 30 km aJ \ / Figure 11: Localities of stands of the associations Empetro-Arctostaphy-letum alpinae and Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis © on the map of Slovenia. Slika 11: Nahajališča sestojev asociacij Empetro-Arctostaphyletum alpi-nae in Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis © na zemljevidu Slovenije. 13 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) in this alpine heathland are Vaccinium gaultherioides, V. vitis-idaea, Homogyne alpina, Campanula scheuchzeri, in some relevés also Vaccinium myrtillus and Antennaria carpatica. The diagnostic species of the new association are Vaccinium gaultherioides, Homogyne alpina, Euphrasia minima, Juncus trifidus and Potentilla aurea. For now, the new association is classified into the alliance Loiseleu-rio-Vaccinion, order Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia and class Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea. It is characterised by a relatively high proportion of acidophilous species characteristic for the classes Juncetea trifidi and Vaccinio-Piceetea (column 20 in Table 8). The localities of relevés of the alpine heathlands dominated by Vaccinium gaultherioides are shown in Figures 10 and 11. Association Saxífrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae ass. nov. hoc loco On very small areas, mainly on edges or small ledges of northern rock faces, at the altitudes between 2250 m and 2500 m (on the edge of the Triglav northern rock face, the ridge of Spicje and Visoka Crnelska spica in the Kanin Mountains) we observed stands with predominating Carex fuliginosa. This is a southeastern-European montane species, a character species of the alliance Festucion variae (Aeschimann et al. 2004b: 822). T. Wraber (1967: 59-61) came across it only in the alpine belt in the Julian Alps, mainly in chasmophytic (Potentilletum nitidae) and sward communities (Caricetum firmae s. lat.). During our research of alpine swards and heathlands we recorded it in the stands of associations Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae, Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis, Dryadetum octopetalae and Achilleo-Elynetum (Table 7). Relevés in Table 6 cannot be classified into any of these associations. In addition to the dominant Carex fuliginosa they are characterised by species of alpine grasslands (Caricion firmae, Elyno-Seslerietea), snow beds and screes (Arabidetalia caeruleae, Thlaspietea rotundifolii), and chasmophytic species (Potentilletalia caulescentis). The geological bedrock is limestone, in places talus; the soil is initial (lithosol), but relatively moist. We therefore classify these stands into the new association Saxifrago pan-iculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae, for the time being into the alliance Caricion firmae, order Seslerietalia coeruleae and class Elynio-Seslerietea. This classification is based on the composition by proportions of diagnostic species, which is as follows (relative frequencies): Caricion firmae 32%, Elyno-Seslerietea 14%, Juncetea trifidi 10%, Arabidetalia caeruleae 21%, Thlaspietea rotundifolii 7% and Potentil- 14 letalia caulescentis 16%. The diagnostic species of the new association are Carex fuliginosa, Saxifragapaniculata, Salix serpyllifolia and Sesleria sphaerocephala. Their simultaneous occurrence indicates cold, stony and moist alpine sites, which are rare in the Southeastern Alps. The location of the relevés is shown in Figure 12. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 12: Localities of stands of the association Saxífrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae on the map of Slovenia. Slika 12: Nahajališča sestojev asociacije Saxifrago paniculatae-Carice-tum fuliginosae na zemljevidu Slovenije. Synoptic survey of alpine swards and heathlands on the ridges and peaks of the Julian Alps Table 7 offers a synoptic overview of the studied alpine swards and heathlands in the Julian Alps. It does not include the stands of the association Saxifrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae as they are distinctly different both in terms of sites and floristic composition. The table comprises the following syntaxa: 1 GtCfrh Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Ranunculus hybridus 2 GtCfpn Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Potentilla nitida 3 GtCfty Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. typica 4 GtCfla Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. typica subvar. Leontopodium alpinum 5 SpCrdo Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Dryas octopetala 6 SsDosc Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae var. Saxifraga crustata 7 SsCmty Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Carex firma 8 SpCron Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Oxytropis neglecta O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 9 SpCrpc Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Potentilla clusiana 10 GtCfda Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Dryas octopetala 11 SsDogp Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopeta-lae var. Gentiana pumila 12 GtCfph Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Primula halleri 13 HdVggp Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietumgaultherioi-dis var. Gentiana pumila 14 SpCrhd Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Homogyne discolor 15 HdLpcf Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum procum-bentis caricetosum firmae 16 HdVgrc Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioi-dis var. Rhodothamnus chamaecistus 17 AcEmvg Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Vaccinium gaultherioides 18 AcEmcf Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Carex firma 19 AcEmty Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. typica 20 HaVg Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis 21 Dovv Dryadetum octopetalae var. Vaccinium vitis-idaea 22 Dods Dryadetum octopetalae var. Daphne striata 23 PvDova Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae eri-cetosum carneae 24 PvDoec Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae vac-cinietosum 25 Docs Dryadetum octopetalae var. Carex sempervirens 26 SpCrsr Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Sa-lix retusa 27 EhVg Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododen-dretosum hirsuti 28 EhAa Empetro-Arctostapyletum alpinae nom. prov. 29 SsCmds Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris These were mutually compared through hierarchical classification, which produced the following dendogram (Figure 13): The results demonstrate significant floristic similarity between alpine swards and heathlands on the ridges of the Julian Alps, where the classification into a specific association frequently largely depends on the cover value of edifier species. As our comparison took into consideration only species frequency (and not also the cover value) the different forms of the same association may group separately. One such example is the syntaxon Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris with a floristic composition that stands out the most from all other compared communities, as well as some 0,8- 0,7- 0,6- - 0,5- - — 0,4- £ 0,3- m □ 0,2-n 1 _ 0,1 0,0 y o a Id a&S § I"? g ££ £ g Figure 13: Dendrogram of syntaxa of alpine swards and heathlands in the Julian Alps (UPGMA, similarity ratio). Slika 13: Dendrogram sintaksonov alpinskih trat in resav v Julijskih Alpah (UPGMA, similarity ratio). forms of the association Saussureo-Caricetum rupestris, but to a lesser extent. The results indicate that in terms of floristic composition the stands of Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae, the predominating alpine sward community on the ridges in the Julian Alps, bear the most similarity with the stands of the association Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae and some forms of associations Saussureo-Caricetum rupestris and Saxifrago-Caricetum mucronatae. The syntaxa of the association Achilleo-Elynetum form a separate cluster, grouping with the syntaxa of associations Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleuri-etum and Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis. Stands of the association Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis demonstrate a rather particular floristic composition. Stands of the association Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopeatale also group separately, sharing the most similarities with different forms of the association Dryadetum octopetalae. The syntaxa Empetro-Vaccinietum and Empetro-Arctostaphyletum form a completely separate cluster. The described differences and similarities are accompanied by the analysis by the proportions of diagnostic species (Table 8), which we referred to already in our description of individual syntaxa. Conclusions Our analysis of more than 250 relevés provided an insight into the species composition and communities of alpine swards and heathlands that usually occur, in the Julian Alps and sporadically also in the Karavanke and Kamnik-Savinja Alps, on small areas and in special ecological conditions. For the most part they thrive on ex- 15 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) posed ridges, promontories and ledges. Even though they overgrow small areas they form a significant part of the diverse vegetation mosaic in the alpine belt of the Southeastern Alps. The newly described communities are the habitat of many species of conservation concern for Slovenia (Natura 2000, Red List, protected species - Cusin et al. 2004, Anon. 2002, 2004): Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Arnica montana, Artemisia nitida, Astragalus australis, Campanula barbata, C. zoysii, Carex curvula, Cerastium uniflorum, Chamorchis alpina, Coeloglossum viride, Diant-hus sternbergii, D. sylvestris, Draba dubia, Elyna myosuroi-des, Festuca vivipara, F. varia, F. intercedens, Gentiana clu-sii, G. pannonica, Gymnadenia conopsea, G. odoratissima Helictrotrichon versicolor, Huperzia selago, Juncus trifidus, Leontopodium alpinum, Lycopodium annotinum, Nigritella miniata s. lat. (N. bicolor, N. hygrophila), N. widderi, N. rhellicani, Pseudorchis albida, Primula auricula, P. minima, Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina, P. vernalis, Ranunculus alpestris, Saussurea alpina, Traunsteinera globosa and Trinia carniolica. A large part of the study area is situated within the Triglav National Park. The studied alpine swards and heathlands are affected not only by the natural factors (including the increasing global warming of the atmosphere, low precipitation, including snowfall), but also by grazing of small ruminants (especially the summits of Tosc, Debeli vrh, Veliki Draski vrh, Spik) and by relatively numerous tourists visiting the area during the summer season. oidis, Saxifrago paniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae, Achil-leo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis, Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododendretosum hirsuti in Homogyno alpi-nae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis. V novo opisanih združbah uspeva precej v Sloveniji varstveno pomembnih vrst po različnih merilih (Natura 2000, Rdeči seznam, zavarovane vrste — Čušin et al. 2004, Anon. 2002, 2004): Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Arnica montana, Artemisia nitida, Astragalus australis, Campanula barbata, C. zoysii, Carex curvula, Cerastium uniflorum, Chamorchis alpina, Coeloglossum viride, Dianthus sternber-gii, D. sylvestris, Draba dubia, Elyna myosuroides, Festuca vivipara, F. varia, F. intercedens, Gentiana clusii, G. pan-nonica, Gymnadenia conopsea, G. odoratissima, Helictrotri-chon versicolor, Huperzia selago, Juncus trifidus, Leontopodium alpinum, Lycopodium annotinum, Nigritella miniata s. lat. (N. bicolor, N. hygrophila), N. widderi, N. rhellicani, Pseudorchis albida, Primula auricula, P. minima, Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina, P. vernalis, Ranunculus al-pestris, Saussurea alpina, Traunsteinera globosa in Trinia carniolica. Precejšen del raziskovanega območja je znotraj Triglavskega narodnega parka. Poleg naravnih dejavnikov (med njimi je v zadnjih letih gotovo tudi globalno segrevanje ozračja, manjša količina padavin, tudi snežnih) na preučene alpinske trate in resave deloma vpliva paša drobnice (nekateri vrhovi, na primer Tosc, Debeli vrh, Veliki Draški vrh, Špik, so zelo popašeni) in razmeroma velik turistični obisk v poletni sezoni. Povzetek Fitocenološka analiza alpinskih trat in resav na grebenih v Julijskih Alpah (severozahodna Slovenija) Z obdelavo več kot 250 fitocenoloških popisov smo dobili vpogled v vrstno sestavo in združbe alpinskih trat in resav, ki se v Julijskih Alpah in ponekod v Karavankah in Kamniško-Savinjskih Alpah navadno pojavljajo na majhnih površinah, v posebnih ekoloških razmerah. Večinoma uspevajo na izpostavljenih grebenih, pomolih in policah. Kljub majhnim površinam, ki jih poraščajo, so pomemben del pisanega mozaika rastja v alpinskem pasu Jugovzhodnih Alp. Opisali smo naslednje nove sintaksone: Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae, Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris, Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae, Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum cariceto-sum firmae, Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultheri- Acknowledgements We would like to thank the heirs of the late Tone Wraber for giving his manuscripts and professional literature to the safekeeping of the Botanical Garden of the University of Ljubljana, and to its director, Dr. Jože Bavcon, who allowed us to examine professor's legacy. Prof. Dr. JeanPaul Theurillat, Prof. Dr. Romeo Di Pietro, Dr. Metka Culiberg and associates of the Library of SAZU (Dušan Koman, Marija Švajncer, Mojca Uran) helped us find previous literature sources on the phytosociology of alpine vegetation in the Alps, Branko Zupan and Mag. Andrej Seliškar helped us in the field work and Dr. Andrej Rozman assisted us in the processing of the phytosociological relevés. 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European Union & University of Ljubljana, Luxemburg, Ljubljana, 152 pp. + maps. Vorhauser, K. & Erschbamer, B. 2000: Die Vegetation von Almwiesen in den westlichen Südtiroler Dolomiten. Tuexenia 20: 213-229. Weber, H. E., Moravec, J. & Theurillat, J.-P. 2000: International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 3rd. Edition. Journal of Vegetation Science 11 (5): 739-766. Wraber, T. 1967: Nekatere nove ali redke vrste v flori Julijskih Alp (II). Varstvo narave 5 (1966): 53-65. Wraber, T. 1970: Die Vegetation der subnivalen Stufe in den Julischen Alpen. Mitt. Ostalp.-dinar. Ges. Vegetationsk. 11: 249-256. Wraber, T. 1978: Alpine Vegetation der Julischen Alpen. Poročila Vzhodnoalpsko-dinarskega društva za preučevanje vegetacije 14: 85-89. Wraber, T. 1985: Carex rupestris All. in der Flora Jugoslawiens. Glasn. Prir. muz. Beograd B 40: 53-59. Wraber, T. 1996: Združbe skalnih razpok, melišč, rečnih prodišč, snežnih dolinic, visokogorskih resav in travišč. In: Gregori, J. et al. (eds.): Narava Slovenije, stanje in perspektive: Zbornik prispevkov o naravni dediščini Slovenije. Društvo ekologov Slovenije, Ljubljana, pp. 107-112. Zupančič, B. 1998: Padavine. In: Fridl, J., Kladnik, D., Orožen Adamič, M. & Perko, D. (eds.): Geografski atlas Slovenije. Država v prostoru in času. Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana, pp. 98-99. 18 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Figures 14-25 (Photo: I. Dakskobler) Figure 14 (Slika 14): Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae. Figure 15 (Slika 15): Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris. Figure 16 (Slika 16): Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryadetum octopetalae. 19 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Figure 22 (Slika 22): Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis. 21 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) IL rn O 2. 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Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) -^-^cslcslcslcslcsl^ MWMMMMMWMWMMMM cqcqWMMWMM I ■ & I 1^ S S ^ p M ^ 1 -s •i .1 Jk _<3 - § t •§ .¡MS c g .¿V 24 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Cocovovovoin^^^^^fofocscscscs'-H'-H'-H'-H'-H'-H a, _D a ¿1 S 3 if § ^ a „ is B ^ s 3 .«s 7« § •! S3 8 S!i J3 s P s .K •iS § s ft riS JS ¿¡c s ^ S'r^c^^is^siS IS ■3 rillgis £ -S ^ £ s ? -a r . 1 .«s is E- .¡S ^ 'C s -fa -S -S £ g a ¡3 I? £ 3 eg 25 Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Pinguicula alpina El Carex capillaris El AA Androsítcetalia alpinae Trifolium pallescens El TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Gypsophila repens E1 Athdmanta cretensis E1 Petrocallis pyrenaica El Biscutella laevigata El Heliosperma alpestre El Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides El Aquilegia einseleana El Armería alpina El Saxífraga caesia El Trisetum argenteum El PS PhyteumdtoSaxijragionpetrdeae Paederota lutea E1 Campanula zoysii El Potentilla nitida El Bupleurum petraeum El Silene hayekiana El Paederota bonarota El Saxífraga burseriana El PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Prímula aurícula El Valeriana saxatilis El Campanula cochleariífolia E1 Dianthus sylvestris E1 Potentilla clusiana E1 Festuca stenantha El Festuca alpina El Artemisia nitida El Campanula cespitosa El Eritrichium nanum El Erysimum sylvestre El AT Asplenietea trichomanis Saxífraga paniculata E1 Asplenium ruta-muraria E1 FB Fes tue o -Bro meted Linum catharticum E1 Bromopsis transsilvanica El Carlina acaulis El 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Pr. Fr. 1 + + + + + 1 2 1 + + 1 + +.....1 + 2 + + 1 . 1 . . 2 . . . + 2 + . . . 1 2 3 2. + + + 11 1 i 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 i 7 26 6 22 19 15 11 7 4 4 4 4 22 15 15 7 7 7 4 15 56 14 52 9 33 8 30 22 19 7 4 4 4 4 3 11 2 7 5 19 2 7 2 7 Gymnadenia conopsea El Helictotrichon praeustum El + . . . Stachys recta El + + Buphthalmum salicifolium El + Gentianella ciliata El Hippocrepis comosa El + . . . Koeleria pyramidata El Prunella grandiflora El + PaT Poo alpinae- Trisetetalia Leontodon hispidus El Trifolium pratense El + Euphrasia picta El Poa alpina El + . . . MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea Viola biflora El + Salix appendiculata El RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Erica carnea El + Rhododendron hirsutum El + + + Arctostaphylos uva-ursi El + EP Eric o -Pinetea Asperula aristata El + Allium ericetorum El Chamaecytisus hirsutus El + . . . Gymnadenia odoratissima El VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Larix decidua El Other species (Druge vrste) Crepis sp. El + Hieracium sp. El + . . . . ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Tortella sp. EO + Tortella tortuosa EO 11... Schistidium apocarpum EO + . . . . Ctenidium molluscum EO Thamnolia vermicularis EO Legend — Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler D AS Andrej Seliškar Gr BS Boštjan Surina Li TW Tone Wraber Re A Limestone — apnenec Dolomite - dolomit Gravel — grušč Lithosol — kamnišče Rendzina — rendzina 5 19 1 4 9 33 4 15 5 19 1 4 5 19 5 19 O ffi p Ci 'S rt» <-h Mi • to o htK VD I p- ^ , era X ' a o í sr E' f? 4 £ O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Table 2 (Tabela 2): Saussureopygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris ass. nov. Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): E1 Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %): E0 Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 1 2 a 4 5 6 7 8 9 1G 11 12 la 14 Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) a75 a52 o vo m -šP o co -šp m 222 ID ID ID 000 o 00 aaa 222 N SW N 35 10 5 DA DA A Li Li Li 3G 50 1G 7G 5G 8G 5 11 12 1 2 2 -M K/} £ nj d a -šT1 -šT1 -šF o5 »5 F^ 444 565 999 665 2G9 986 5a5 4a4 Coordinate GK X (D-48) Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) 6567 84aa 5a98a -šp m co ^H m vo es m 2G87aa8a686 G 5 5 1 1 1 5 1 4 5 2 22222222222 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID NN 2G aG DA DA Li Re 55 95 95 22 a1 21 1,5 2 SN 1G aG DA A Li Li 1G 1G 9G 9G 71 12 22 NE NE 2G 4G A DA Li Li aG 1G 6G 8G 62 a2 22 SSW W 1G 15 A DA Li Li 2G 1G 8G 9G a95 00^ 222 NE SE NE 15 0-40 3G DA A DA Li Li Re G 1GG G 1GG 40 1GG 18 a2 25 29 22 17 19 14 7 25 2424225 lA lA lA CS CS CS CS CO CO CO ad ne O £ CO CO CO CO rh vr 3 cL raš ur Q U 1 n jx o 4 4 1 4 a a 4 a 4 1 4 ^co^cococococo-špcoco 44444444544 76666666466 99999999999 26685a22494 9 8 1 6 2 6 7 4 4 6 6 a 7 a 6 7 6 8 4 1 2 G 8847aa5aaG8 -HO-HOOOOOCOOO 44444444444 a685a2724 6a6 9a5 4996 ■—1 CN CN CO CN 2aaaaaaa5aa 55555555555 Cfir Carex rupestris El 3 2a 4 2 3 1 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 SV Gentiana clusii El i i i i i \ . Cfir Saussurea pygmaea El i i i i \ . i ES Euphrasia minima El i 1 i ES Aster bellidiastrum El 1 i i i JT Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El i LV Rhodothamnus chamaecistus El 1 2 1 1 i 1 EP Arctostaphylos alpinus El 1 a a i \ . MuA Viola biflora El i i \ . CFir Caricetum firmae Carex firma El \ 1 . 2 2 2 4 a 1 1 2 \ . 1 Dryas octopetala El r. 2 4 2 a 1 a 4 3 3 2 3 lil 76 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surma Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 "if "if "if "if cs cs cs ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID 77 00 22 43 21 21 NE NW SW NWW W SE N 0 SE N NW N N NE NW SW S S SE S E SW N NW SW SE SW SE 0 SW 30 25 5 30 10 10 30 0 5 30 35 20 20 20 20 5 10 10 20 10 10 5 20 5 20 40 5 5 0 25 DA DA DA D DA A DA DA A DA DA DA DA A DA DA DA A DA DA DA DA A DA DA DA A A A A Re Li Li Li Li Li Re Li Li Re Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Re Li Li Re Li Li Re Li Li Li Li Li 10 5 20 10 10 10 20 10 20 20 10 0 0 10 20 5 10 10 10 10 40 10 30 10 40 10 20 30 20 30 80 95 80 90 90 90 80 90 70 80 80 100 100 80 80 100 80 90 90 90 60 90 70 90 60 90 80 70 80 70 26 18 11 12 20 19 16 22 13 5 1 1 3 5 4 5 1 2 "f 17 24 16 21 24 16 22 18 17 5 1114 15 5 5 24 25 31 10 26 4 o o o -d OJ £ -d OJ £ o $ £ £ S 3444 444444444444444444 4444444444 444444 043 672 cs m ^ 838 5 1 5 222 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID 705 15 13 2 2 O ^ CN cs O CO o\ CN CO _Q £ J* O O Li y-Ti 24 16 18 22 p* ^ N N N 4444 444444 777 44444444 443444344444444244343 1 + . 1 . 1 . + + + + + . 11. + + + + + + + . ++ 11 +1 1+11 1+ .+ 31 ++ 1223 3 1 . . . . + . ++ ++ r + +1 +. 333433433 . . . + + + +... 1 + 21 1+ 1221211+1+1++3211+1+1 33433433221232332 + 121 3333 . . 2 + 133 + + . 5 ++ r + r 2 + 2 + + 3 77 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Sesleria sphaerocephala E1 Helianthemum alpestre E1 Silene acaulis E1 Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 Phyteuma sieberi E1 Oxytropis neglecta E1 Festuca quadriflora E1 Minuartia sedoides E1 Salix alpina E1 Chamorchis alpina E1 Minuartia gerardii E1 Ranunculus hybridus E1 Gentiana terglouensis E1 Primula halleri E1 Crepis kerneri E1 Veronica aphylla E1 OE Oxytropido-Elynion Lloydia serotina E1 Elyna myosuroides E1 Antennaria carpatica E1 Erigeron uniflorus E1 Arenaria ciliata E1 Carex atrata E1 Gentiana nivalis E1 Saussurea alpina E1 CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya E1 Arabis vochinensis E1 CF Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila E1 Hedysarum hedysaroides E1 Pedicularis rostratospicata E1 SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Leontopodium alpinum E1 Potentilla crantzii E1 Achillea clavennae E1 Erigeron glabratus E1 Galium anisophyllum E1 Carex mucronata E1 Androsace villosa E1 Astragalus australis E1 Nigritella bicolor E1 Nigritella hygrophila E1 Nigritella widderi E1 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 1Q 11 12 13 14 2 i . . . \ 1 \ \ \ 1 \ + . . . 1 1 . + . + i 1 i i . 1 i i . i . \ \ \ \ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i r i i i 78 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 11... .11 + 1212 + 2 + . ...1 + 1 + + + . . + . + . . . . + 1 . + . .2 + . + + +++ 1 + + . 1 + + . +1+ + .+.+ 1 + . + + + + . + +.+ + 1+ +. + 1 . +.+ ++ + 11 + + + . . . .....+ 1 + + 1 + . + . + + + 1 +. 1 + 2 + 2 + + . 111 1 . + 2 2 + 1 1 1 + . . . . + . + . ........+ . + . . . . . . + ..+...... . . . . + 11 + + + . + . 1 + . . . ......+ + + 1+....... + . . + . . + + . ......+ . . 79 ++ + + + + + + r + + + + + ++ + + ++ + + + + r O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ranunculus carinthiacus El Saussurea discolor El ES Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum El 1 .l \ \ \ l l 1 . 1 . . + Agrostis alpina El l \ \ .....\ Sesleria caerulea El 1 l \ Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El l \ \ .... \ Homogyne discolor El 1 2 l l ..... l Selaginella selaginoides El 1 \ l l \ .....\ Gentianella anisodonta El r . + + . . . Bartsia alpina El \ Astrantia bavarica El 1 \ \ Alchemilla exigua El Pedicularis verticillata El Carex sempervirens El r \ Euphrasia salisburgensis El \ . . . + . . Gentiana verna El Globularia cordifolia El Cerastium strictum El Hieracium pilosum El Linum alpinum subsp. julicum El \ Nigritella rhellicani El Alchemilla glaucescens El Anemone narcissiflora El \ Aster alpinus El Phyteuma orbiculare El CC Caricetalia curvulae Primula minima El . . . + . . NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride Luzula exspectata Festuca nigrescens El El El \ JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri El \ \ \ . + . . . . Potentilla aurea El Leontodon helveticus El Luzula spicata El Carex fuliginosa El Agrostis rupestris El Anthoxanthum nipponicum El Botrychium lunaria El .r.... LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Vaccinium gaultherioides Loiseleuria procumbens Juniperus sibirica El El El \ .....\ 80 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 1 + 11 1 + 1 + 1 + + . + 11. + + + . . . . + 1+++. ++++1 + +1 +1 ++ r 1+111+ ..1.+. +++1+1 . + . + 1 r . 1 + + + . 11 ++ + ++ + 11112 11 ++++ + + + + ++ + + + + + + r + + + + + +11+22++.... 2 .....+....... 81 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2oi7, 49-i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Salix retusa Soldanella alpina Salix serpyllifolia Galium noricum Carex parviflora l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO ll l2 13 14 Carex ornithopodoides Ranunculus traunfellneri Salix reticulata Alchemilla fissa Ranunculus alpestris Saxífraga androsacea Soldanella minima Thlaspietea rotundifolii TR Poa minor Saxifraga oppositifolia MC Saxifraga aizoides Gypsophila repens Armeria alpina Rhodiola rosea Saxifraga caesia Saxifraga sedoides Sedum atratum Festuca nitida Heliosperma alpestre Biscutella laevigata PS Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Saxifraga squarrosa Potentilla nitida Saxifraga crustata Saxifraga burseriana Campanula zoysii PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Eritrichium nanum Arabis bellidifolia subsp. stellulata Campanula cochleariifolia Dianthus sylvestris Festuca alpina Potentilla clusiana Primula auricula Valeriana saxatilis El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El .l l2 i . i + l + i . i i i i i i i i i i i i i r i i 82 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 + . . 2 1 + + 1 . . . + + + + + + 1 + + . . . . + + + + +........ + 11 + + 2. 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + 83 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 678 9 1Q 11 12 13 14 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Draba dubia El Saxífraga paniculata El . . 2 . . \ 1 i ... . CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El . + 1 . \ . . . . Parnassia palustris El . \ . . . \ . . \ Pinguicula alpina El r . \ . .....\ Tofieldia calyculata El \ . l . .....\ Gentiana utriculosa El PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Poa alpina El \..... Leontodon hispidus El . \ . . . . Euphrasia picta El RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhododendron hirsutum El 1 2 . l . Erica carnea El r Pinus mugo El . \ . EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda El \ Chamaecytisus hirsutus El \ VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Vaccinium vitis-idaea El \ l Huperzia selago El \ . \ . Vaccinium myrtillus El Homogyne alpina El O Other species (Ostale vrste) Festuca sp. El Minuartia sp. El ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Tortella sp. EG . . \ \ . \ . . . Thamnolia vermicularis EG Tortella tortuosa EG \ Cetraria islandica EG . . \ Ctenidium molluscum EG \ Dicranum scoparium EG \ Dicranum sp. EG Polytrichum alpinum EG r Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus EG 84 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 + . + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + . . . . + 1 . . + + +....... . . . . + . . . . + . + + ... 1 . . + + r + 2 + + 2 + + + + 85 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %): Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 E1 E0 333 548535 292526 8688 824476 l-V. «J •—I «J •—!'—!'—ICOC^C^C^C^ 2222222222222 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID TW TW 2300 2380 2340 2320 2300 2340 2080 2340 2085 2220 2230 2240 2248 E SW S NW 0 S NWWNEE S S S S 0 0 5 10 2 0 10 25 35 0-10 40 30 10 0-10 0-10 A A DA DA A DA DA DA A A A A A Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li 5 20 5 10 10 10 20 40 70 40 40 50 60 90 80 95 80 90 90 80 60 30 60 60 50 40 20 12 12 12 19 25 15 17 13 21 16 19 10 4 1 1 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 1 6 1 LA ■—i ■—i ■—i '—1 '—1 O O rs o cs o CS o es o CS o es o cs ^ OO OO rs CN CN CN rs CO cs O 2 CS cs o5 o5 o5 Co Co co CO oo '—i oo o5 hi oo cR oo oo OO OO 2 m Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) £ £ gggg -šF-šF-šf1'—I-ŠF-ŠF'—i -šF 1 -šP-šP-šP-šP 444444444444 66665666 5555 999999999999 9393 34444 6666 9999 3333 Coordinate GK X (D-48) Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste Cfir Carex rupestris SV Gentiana clusii Cfir Saussurea pygmaea ES Euphrasia minima ES Aster bellidiastrum JT Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus LV Rhodothamnus chamaecistus EP Arctostaphylos alpinus MuA Viola biflora CFir Caricetum firmae Carex firma Dryas octopetala Sesleria sphaerocephala Helianthemum alpestre Silene acaulis Pedicularis rostratocapitata 3 4 3 8 1 3 5 3 8 4 4 4 4 3333433334444 5555555555555 asociacije) E1 4 E1 1 E1 . E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 344 tt .t + 1 44333433 12 11 . + 2 + . . í í 1 + + . . . t . t t t 1 . . . 1 + . + . 1 1 + + 1 . . 1 1 1 m m t t t r t t t t t 2 tt 86 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 ID ID ID ID ID ID TW 3 2 2 34 SSW 0 E 10 0-5 50 AAA Li Li Li 30 30 30 70 70 70 N SW 35 5 AA Li Li 20 10 80 90 S 20 A Li 30 70 17 15 22 1 1 2 19 22 11 O 4444 4444 4444 4444 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID 7 6 8 338 CNl CNl ^ SW S W 5 5 45 DA DA DA Re Re Li 5 20 30 90 80 70 . . 10 21 27 23 55 4 W S NW S 20 5 15 10 DA DA DA DA Li Re Li Li 30 20 30 40 70 80 70 40 21 26 16 9 2522 a o oj a o oj a o oj -o Q Q sa sa £ sa > 4444 444444 4444674 7777668 ^H ^H ^H ^H -šfl ("S CO 2222222 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID 6550000 3 3 3 0 8 1 1 16 16 16 19 20 15 15 W N SE NE NE 20 15 AA Li Li 0 20 90 80 . 20 17 14 55 20 A Li 10 5 90 90 10 10 . 13 33 14 552 25 15 A DA Li Li 20 80 NN 10 10 DA A Re Li 00 100 100 11 8 31 o o o O O O rt rt rt N N K I 4444 4444 4444 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID E 5 A Li 5 90 22 4 32 22 SE NW 5 25 DA DA Re Li 20 5 80 95 .5 22 20 53 2 3 0 2 2 2 -C > N Q SW SEE W E 5 25 5 5 DA DA A A Re LI Re Re 0 5 20 5 100 95 80 95 22 42 33 35 2 4 10 10 -C > h-j Q Q 444444 444444 Pr. Fr. 85 100 40 47 34 40 29 34 26 31 26 31 24 28 19 22 19 22 69 81 63 74 55 65 50 59 30 35 28 33 4444333 3443433 . + r . + + + + 1 . 1.... 1 + 1 . + + . . ... 1 3454445 .....1+ 1 + . + 1 + + + 1 43443 + . + + . + + + + . + + + + + . . . + + 1 2. + 2 1 2 2 + 2. + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 + 2 + + + . 2 + 1 + 1. 11 11 33 22 + 1 .1 + + .1 .1 + + . + . + . + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + 87 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Phyteuma sieberi El Oxytropis neglecta El . t t . . t . . . t t . . Festuca quadriflora El t . . . 1......+ + Minuartia sedoides El . 1 +........ Salix alpina El Chamorchis alpina El Minuartia gerardii El Ranunculus hybridus El Gentiana terglouensis El . . . r....... Primula halleri El Crepis kerneri El Veronica aphylla El OE Oxytropido-Elynion Lloydia serotina El ........t t . Elyna myosuroides El Antennaria carpatica El Erigeron uniflorus El t . . . . . t t..... Arenaria ciliata El .........t . Carex atrata El Gentiana nivalis El Saussurea alpina El CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya El ........t.. Arabis vochinensis El CF Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila El ...t....... Hedysarum hedysaroides El Pedicularis rostratospicata El t. SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Leontopodium alpinum El t. . . . . 1 + + 1 + + . Potentilla crantzii El t . t . . . . . . . . Achillea clavennae El . . . t . . . t . t . Erigeron glabratus El Galium anisophyllum El Carex mucronata El Androsace villosa El Astragalus australis El Nigritella bicolor El Nigritella hygrophila El Nigritella widderi El Ranunculus carinthiacus El . . t........ Saussurea discolor El ES Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum El ll 111 + + + . + + + . Agrostis alpina El l. t t l t l t . t t . . Sesleria caerulea El t. . . t .... t t . . Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El . . . . t t t t . . . Homogyne discolor El ...t....... 88 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Pr. Fr. + . + . + + + + . 1 . + + 1 . + + . + . + . . + . 2 + + 1 + + 1 + + + 1 + 1 1 1 + . + + 1 . . . . r + . + . + + 1 1 + + + ... + . + . + 1 + . + . + + + 1 1 1 + . + + + . . + + + + .2 2 + .1 + + . + 1 1 . . . . . . . + 1 + + . 1 + + + . 2 + 1 + + 1 22 11 1111 + + + .11 .1 2 +1 1 11 1 3 +3 3 1 ++ + + 3 1 111 1+1 . + + 1 1 + . + + 27 32 19 22 17 20 17 20 10 12 89 15 18 9 11 78 11 11 13 22 11 29 34 16 19 14 16 89 65 76 45 53 37 44 20 24 18 21 + + + + r+ + + + + + + + + ++ 2 + + + + + + + +. + + +. ++ ++ +. + + + 89 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2gi7, 49-i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Selaginella selaginoides Gentianella anisodonta Bartsia alpina Astrantia bavarica Alchemilla exigua Pedicularis verticillata Carex sempervirens Euphrasia salisburgensis Gentiana verna Globularia cordifolia Cerastium strictum Hieracium pilosum Linum alpinum subsp. julicum Nigritella rhellicani Alchemilla glaucescens Anemone narcissiflora Aster alpinus Phyteuma orbiculare CC Caricetalia curvulae Primula minima NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride Luzula exspectata Festuca nigrescens JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri Potentilla aurea Leontodon helveticus Luzula spicata Carex fuliginosa Agrostis rupestris Anthoxanthum nipponicum Botrychium lunaria LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Vaccinium gaultherioides Loiseleuria procumbens Juniperus sibirica AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Salix retusa Soldanella alpina Salix serpyllifolia Galium noricum Carex parviflora 45 46 47 48 49 5G 5l 52 53 54 55 56 57 Carex ornithopodoides Ranunculus traunfellneri Salix reticulata Alchemilla fissa El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 9G O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Pr. Fr. + 1 + . + r r + + + . 1 .... 1 + + .42. ...1.. 23+312 1+ 1+ ++ ++ +1 +1 .+ .+ +1 ++ 233 .+ ++ + . + + + . . + 1 + . . + + 11 ++ + 16 19 15 18 14 16 11 13 34 56 22 11 11 13 45 22 26 34 11 20 24 89 + + + + + + + + + + r + + + + + + + + + .+ + 91 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Ranunculus alpestris El............ Saxífraga androsacea El . . . . . . . . . . . . Soldanella minima El . . . . . . . . . . . . TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Petrocallis pyrenaica El 1 +.......+ . . Poa minor El +........... Saxifraga oppositifolia El . . . . . . . . . . . . \ MC Saxifraga aizoides El .... + ....... Gypsophila repens El.......+ . . . . Armeria alpina El . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhodiola rosea El . . . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga caesia El . . . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga sedoides El . . . . . . . . . . . . Sedum atratum El . . . . . . . . . . . . Festuca nitida El . . . . . . . . . . . . Heliosperma alpestre El . . . . . . . . . . . . Biscutella laevigata El . . . . . . . . . . . . PS Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Saxifraga squarrosa El . +......+ 1 + + Potentilla nitida ei....+..+++ii Saxifraga crustata El.......+ . + . . Saxifraga burseriana El.........+ . . Campanula zoysii El . . . . . . . . . . . . PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Eritrichium nanum El..........+ 1 l Arabis bellidifolia subsp. stellulata El . . . . . . . . . . . . Campanula cochleariifolia El . . . . . . . . . r . . Dianthus sylvestris Draba aizoides El......+ . . 1 . . El..........+ + Festuca alpina El...........+ Potentilla clusiana El......+..... Primula auricula El......1 + . + . . Valeriana saxatilis El........+ . . . AT Asplenietea trichomanis Draba dubia El . . . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga paniculata El.......+ . . + 1 l CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El ... + ........ Parnassia palustris El . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinguicula alpina El . . . . . . . . . . . . Tofieldia calyculata El . . . . . . . . . . . . Gentiana utriculosa El.....+...... PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Poa alpina El . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Leontodon hispidus El . . . . . . . . . . . . Euphrasia picta El . . . . . . . . . . . . RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhododendron hirsutum El . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Pr. Fr. . + 11 + 1. + . + + 1 + . + +..... + .... + 1 + + . . . r + ......+ ......+ + + + + 1 . 1 . . . . + + + +1 +1 +1+ 1 + 32 + 12 . + + . + . + 1 + + + + + 2+ ++ 1+ +r .+ +1+1 11 11 11 14 16 56 25 29 20 24 16 19 45 11 78 11 14 16 34 22 11 13 11 13 12 14 67 11 19 22 15 18 9 11 9 11 67 22 14 16 78 11 67 + + + +. + + + ++ + + r + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + + + 93 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2017, 49—i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 45 46 47 48 49 50 5l 52 53 54 55 56 57 Erica carnea El............. Pinus mugo El . . . . . . . . . . . . . EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda El . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chamaecytisus hirsutus El . . . . . . . . . . . . . VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Vaccinium vitis-idaea El . . . . . . . . . . . . . Huperzia selago El . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vaccinium myrtillus El . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homogyne alpina El . . . . . . . . . . . . . O Other species (Ostale vrste) Festuca sp. El . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minuartia sp. El .... + ........ ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Tortella sp. E0 . . . . + ........ Thamnolia vermicularis E0.........+ . . . Tortella tortuosa E0 +............ Cetraria islandica E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctenidium molluscum E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dicranum scoparium E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dicranum sp. E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polytrichum alpinum E0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0............. Legend — Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler TW Tone Wraber A Limestone — apnenec D Dolomite - dolomit Li Lithosol — kamnišče Re Rendzina — rendzina MC Montio-Cardaminetea 94 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Pr. Fr. ......+ 2 2 1 1 + . . + 1 .1 6 7 1 1 . + . + 2 10 12 . + 6 7 2 2 .1 1 1 + . 1 1 1 1 . . . . + . . . + 1 . . . . 1. + . . 14 16 + + . 1 + + . 7 7 6 7 . + . + 4 5 1. . + 95 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2017, 49-i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Table 3 (Tabela 3): Achilleo clavannae-Elynetum myosuroidis ass. nov. Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %) El Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) l 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 l0 ll l2 la 14 lS 16 17 ■—1 VO CN CO O -šp -šp co o CA -cF m r-v r-v. m -šp m m 44 44 44 87 44 44 44 222222222222 ID ID ID TW ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID 222222222222 E W SW 30 S S AA Re Li 20 20 80 80 90 49 2a 26 ig ig S A Re S G S 3 23 AA Re Re 10 S 90 9S 29 2a a4 E SW NE 20 1S 20 AAA Re Re Re 30 30 S 70 70 9S 24 33 34 2 S S W NE SW 30 1S 3S AAA Re Re Re 20 10 20 80 90 80 48 32 31 10 2 3 2222224 292222222 7 7 7 7 7 3 2 8898888888 >C/0 T > Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) Coordinate GK X (D-48) Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste OE Elyna myosuroides JT Euphrasia minima (inc. E. pulchella) SV Achillea clavennae CFir Carex firma Cfir Oxytropis neglecta ES Aster bellidiastrum Cfir Sesleria sphaerocephala ES Homogyne discolor Cfir Saussurea pygmaea CA Koeleria eriostachya OE Oxytropido-Elynion Antennaria carpatica Erigeron uniflorus Carex atrata Gentiana nivalis Lloydia serotina k > -ö o >0 >?í O -C Ž C Ja rt _• 4424 7 8 6 444 m vo vo 999 77 44 m vo 99 4444444 F^ F^ F^ F^ F^ F^ F^ 4444444 m m m m m m m 9999999 939228 -šp co vo m m o o m m vo co co cN 343333333333 cscococsmcscot\co-špovo co m cs -šp m 433 43444444 mmmmmmmmmmm ID ID ID ID ID SW SSW NW E G asociacije) S 10 S 10 0 A A A DA DA Re Re Re Li Re 0 20 0 10 0 100 80 100 90 100 2S 23 24 26 26 10 10 S S 10 8 8 8 9 l o o o o l CNl CNl CNl CNl CNl CNI 2 t^ fO co CO El 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 El 1 i i l i i i i i i i El 1 2 i l l l l l l l l 1 El i 2 El 1 l i i El i i l i i 1 El i El El i El i i l i El i i i l i i El i i l i i i i i El 1 i i i i i i El i i i El i i -ö -ö O y ip -Ü -Ü c C Ö O s -šF -šf -šP -šP -šP vo vo vo m vo c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ 334 m m m -šp m m m m m 3 3 4 3 i l i l 2 3 2 l i i l l l i i i l i i i l i i i i l l in 96 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surma Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 9 3 4 4 4 2 7 0 4 6 2 2 9 0 4 6 2 2 4 2 4 3 3 2 5 2 4 3 3 2 250916 258107 258116 226411 233526 226468 233427 4 2 6 8 5 2 5 3 41 2 250908 250914 250909 2 2 m 3 3 2 4 41 9 4 2 253416 253417 253956 258118 259701 259697 249419 259699 9 6 ^ 3 2 226418 257663 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID TWTW ID TW ID ID ID 2090 5 7 3 2 0 9 3 2 0 5 4 2 0 2 3 2 0 0 3 2 5 7 2 2 2 3 3 2 0 9 3 2 0 7 0 2 0 5 21 0 9 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 6 2 2 0 4 2 2 0 6 2 2 0 6 2 2 0 t^ o 2 7 2 2 2 0 5 0 2 0 5 0 2 8 8 21 0 2 3 2 7 2 6 2 2248 2245 2230 0 m 3 2 5 5 3 2 0 2 4 2 NNE SW SW S SW SE NEE NNE NW S W SE SE E NE NW N SW SW SEE SE S SW N SW NW NW NE SE S 5 5 5 10 10 15 30 20 5 5 25 5 10 5 5 15 15 10 10 5 40 5 15 5 25 10 15 5 5 10 A DA A A A DA A A DA DA A A DA A DA DA DA DA A ALRALR A A A AR ALR ALR DA DA DA Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Li Re Re Re Re Li Li Re Li Re Re Re Re Re Re Li Re Re 30 0 10 10 0 5 5 10 10 0 30 10 5 0 5 10 5 20 30 30 10 20 5 10 0 10 0 5 70 100 90 90 100 95 95 90 90 90 70 90 90 100 90 90 95 80 70 100 70 90 80 95 90 100 100 90 100 95 31 27 30 30 30 40 42 27 24 34 32 24 15 17 35 27 33 42 29 23 23 19 21 15 18 29 27 21 32 21 5 10 10 10 10 10 2 2 10 5 10 10 1 5 10 4 10 5 2 2 1 2 4 1,5 4 3 10 10 5 3 C^ C^ C^ C^ CO IA -C -c S s s s eD eD O _Q O r r ¿3 ¿i o o O o u u >U >C/0 'Cu y-Ti -sf -cf -cf -cf -cf CS -cf1 co co co co co co -sf -sf -sP -sP -sP -sf m vo vo m m vo vo c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ 9 9 9 9 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 5555 2 2 s > s £ -sp -sp CO -sp cs co co CA co -sp -sp -sp -sp -sp vo vo vo m vo c^ c^ c^ c^ c^ 664 827 860 059 ^ G\ CD 434 628 O 030 450 344 555 > rt rt -h y y y £ % % % % 69989 44444 9999 4444 5555 5555 3 4 44 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 1 . + + + + + 1 + 1 + + 2 + 1 1. + 1 + + + 1 + 1 1 + + . + + + + . 1 + + + 1 1 1 + + . + + + + + + + + 2 1 + 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 + + . + + + + 1 93444 2222 8686 T3 Pi rt rt £ s s £ 444 34 1 . + + + . + 1 779 444 556 999 336 346 000 663 334 -H ^ -H 450 228 444 443 555 333 + + + + + . .. 1 1 + + ^ ^ eg 4444 87777 44444 9999 67666 2262 4766 4444 3444 5555 45443 1... . + + + 1 + + + + 2 . + 1 . . + 2 + . . . . . . . + + Q 444 666 999 CA m VD 444 11 + 1 11 1 .1 11 Pr. Fr. 47 100 26 55 24 51 22 47 21 45 20 43 15 32 15 32 14 30 12 26 15 32 14 30 11 23 10 21 8 17 97 + + + + + + 2 2 + + + + + + + + O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Arenaria ciliata El Festuca interceden El Caricion firmae Dryas octopetala El 2 Silene acaulis El + Helianthemum alpestre El Minuartia sedoides El Festuca quadriflora El Pedicularis rostratocapitata El + Phyteuma sieberi El Carex rupestris El Chamorchis alpina El Primula halleri El + Minuartia gerardii El Veronica aphylla El Gentiana terglouensis El Ranunculus hybridus El Salix alpina El + Caricion austroalpinae Arabis vochinensis El Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila El Hedysarum hedysaroides El Cerastium subtriflorum El Pedicularis rostratospicata El Seslerietalia coeruleae Potentilla crantzii El 1 Leontopodium alpinum El 1 Gentiana clusii El + Erigeron glabratus El Juncus monanthos El Ranunculus carinthiacus El Galium anisophyllum El Festuca norica El Astragalus australis El Saussurea discolor El + Gentiana orbicularis El Nigritella bicolor El Thesium alpinum El + ElynoSeslsrirtea Polygonum viviparum El 1 Agrostis alpina El Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El 1 Sesleria caerulea El 1 Gentianella anisodonta El 1 Pedicularis verticillata El + Bartsia alpina El 1 Selaginella selaginoides El Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El 1 Cerastium strictum El Gentiana verna El + Alchemilla exigua El Myosotis alpestris El Carex sempervirens El + Astrantia bavarica El ll + + . + . . . + . ......+ l. + 1 1 + l.. . l . . + + . + l. + . ll + . l. 1 + l. .3 . + l. 1 + l. . + . + + + + + + r + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 98 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Pr. Fr. + + + + + 6 13 + 1 2 3 + + + 2 + 3 3 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 + + + 1 1 + 1 2 + 37 79 1 1 1 + 1 + + 1 1 + + 2 1 + + + 1 + + 1 2 1 2 36 77 + + + 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 + 1 + + + + + 29 62 + 1 + + + + + + + + 1 2 19 40 + + + + + + 15 32 + + + + + + 1 1 1 14 30 + + + + + + r + + 10 21 + + + 2 1 + 2 + 8 17 111+1 . 1 + + 1 . . . + . . + + 1 + . 1 + + .. + .. + 1 . . + + . + + . 1 1 . + . . + . + . + + 11.... +.+ 1 2 2 1 1 1 +1 1 + 1 1 1 2 2 + + + 1 2 12 + 2 + 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 2 1 1 + + 1 .+ + + 1 + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 2. ++2 +. 1. ++ 1. 2+ 1 1 2 . 1 + + . 2 2 1++..1.+.1 . . + + + + . . . . + 1 3 2 1 . . . + . + . . . . + . . . . +.......+ . ......+ . 1 . .....+ . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . + .. + .. 1+ 11 2+ 1+ +2 5 11 17 36 7 15 12 12 24 51 15 32 13 28 10 21 8 17 7 15 6 13 38 81 37 79 28 60 24 51 22 47 17 36 15 32 14 30 12 26 12 26 11 23 9 19 8 17 6 13 5 11 + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + + + r. + + + + + + + 99 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Euphrasia salisburgensis Aster alpinus Anemone baldensis Hieracium pilosum Hieracium villosum Nigritella rhellicani Phyteuma orbiculare Rhinanthus glacialis Alchemilla vulgaris CC Caricetalia curvulae Festuca vivípara NS Nardion strictae Luzula exspectata Coeloglossum viride Alchemilla flabellata Antennaria dioica JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri Luzula spicata Anthoxanthum nipponicum Juncus jacquinii Potentilla aurea Botrychium lunaria Juncus trifidus Carex fuliginosa Agrostis rupestris Helictotrichon versicolor Leontodon helveticus LoiseLoriei-Vacoinietca Vaccinium gaultherioides Arctostaphylos alpina Juniperus sibirica Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Salix retusa Carex parviflora Trifolium pallescens Alchemilla fissa Salix serpyllifolia Salix reticulata Galium noricum Doronicum glaciale Soldanella alpina Carex ornithopodoides Ranunculus traunfellneri TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Petrocallis pyrenaica Rhodiola rosea Gypsophila repens Heliosperma alpestre Taraxacum alpinum MC Saxifraga aizoides Festuca nitida PS Phyteumato-Saxijrag£on petraeae Saxifraga crustata LV AC El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1Q 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 . . . 1 . i . i i . ...l........ i.......r . . . . . . + . . . 1 + . . . .....i . . . i . . 1 + ...1.1 + +.. . . . r 1.....+ 1 . . . 1 . . + 1 1 . . . +........+ 1 + i i 2 . . \ l. l. 1 i i i . . 2 1 2 1 1 i . . 1 i 1 . 11 + 11. i.+ + + l. i i . . i i . i . i 1 i i .... i . i 1 . i i i i i \ i \ i \ i r \ \ i \ i i i i i \ . i . i \ i i i i f i 1GG O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Pr. Fr. +++ ++++ ... 1 + + + 1 + 1 . . . . 1 . . . . . + + + + 1 . + . . . . . . . . + . . . + +1.......+ .. . . + + 1 . ...1.. ..... + . . . + 113 2 +.....1+ ++++ 1.1 1 + + 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 .... 1 + + 2. + + + + + + 11 + 1 + + . . + . + 1 + ..1... + .. ++ .1 1 1+ ++++++ +1 .+ .r +. .+ ++2 .. 1 32 +. . . + ....+ 2 . . . . + . . . . ......+ . . + 1 . 3 . . . + . ....12... .......2 2 5 11 36 24 24 24 24 24 24 12 12 26 11 23 5 11 24 23 49 12 26 8 17 6 13 6 13 6 13 5 11 49 12 23 49 9 19 12 23 49 21 45 15 32 9 19 8 17 6 13 5 11 49 7 15 5 11 7 15 + + + + 2 + ++ + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + ++ + + ++ + + + + ++ + + ++ + + + + + 101 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Potentilla nitida El Saxífraga burseriana El Saxifraga squarrosa El Paederota lutea El PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Dianthus sylvestris El Primula auricula El Festuca alpina El Eritrichium nanum El Campanula cochleariifolia El Potentilla clusiana El AT Asplenietea trichomanis Saxifraga paniculata El Asplenium viride El CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El Parnassia palustris El Gentiana utriculosa El Pinguicula alpina El PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Poa alpina El Leontodon hispidus El Trifolium repens El Trifolium pratense El Euphrasia picta El Trollius europaeus El Cerastium fontanum El MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea Viola biflora El RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus El Rhododendron hirsutum El EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda El VP Vccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina El Vaccinium vitis-idaea El Vaccinium myrtillus El O Other species (Druge vrste) Alchemilla sp. El Festuca sp. El Leontodon sp. El ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Tortella sp. E0 Tortella tortuosa E0 Thamnolia vermicularis E0 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 Cetraria islandica E0 Cetraria sp. E0 Cladonia arbuscula E0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 t.....+ 1 + +.+ 1. . t . . + 1 + + + 1 . 111 + + + 1. 11 + . . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . + + 1 1 1 . . t t t . . . 2. .t. ...t... t 1 1 . . . . . t . . . . . t . . . .l \ í 4 \ \ \ f \ \ t t t Legend — Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler TW Tone Wraber A Limestone — apnenec D Dolomite — dolomit L Marlstone — laporovec R Chert — roženec Li Lithosol — kamnišče Re Rendzina — rendzina MC Montio-Cardaminetea l02 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Pr. Fr. 3 6 24 24 12 + 1 + + 1 + . . . 1 + + 1 1 + 1 ..... 1 ...1.. . 1 . . + + . + . 1 + 1 + + 1 + . + 11 . . + . . 1 + + . + . + + + . . 11 + + 1 . . + 1 + + 1+ 1+ +. ++ .+ +++ 7 15 7 15 36 24 12 12 16 34 12 17 36 16 34 24 24 29 62 9 19 5 11 24 24 24 12 7 15 5 11 24 8 17 36 36 12 12 12 12 8 17 36 24 12 12 12 12 ++ r + + + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + + + ++ + + + 103 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Table 4 (Tabela 4): Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryedetum octopetalae ass. nov., Dryadetum octopetalae. Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %): Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) El E0 Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) 7 9 6 8 4 6 0 2 0 2l 2 2 2 4 6 9 2 3 4 6 9 0 8 3 2 3 3 n r Kr $ 7 4 6 4 7 3 4 4 9 22222 ID ID ID ID ID NW NE NNWNNE N 25 35 30 20 70 AAAAA Li Li Li Li Li l0 20 30 20 50 90 80 70 80 50 .5... 25 28 l5 l2 20 5 4 2 4 l0 ^ t^ t^ ^ ^ b a M lika £ in ni a Ka Coordinate GK X (D-48) m Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) n e a d lc ic e k el ar S P ič ki P ski nj a nt ka a e li b erT elV a M l l 8 8 vS 4 4 4 6 6 6 9 9 9 6 8 l 3 l 4 l 4 6 3 0 0 8 4 4 3 l 4l 0 2 2 6 8 7 4 8 5 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 2 4 4 2 7 3 2 7 3 22 ID ID ID ID 75 02 22 NE E 40 2 A DA Re Li 20 20 80 80 l8 2l 22 E SSE 5l DA DA Li Li 50 95 l00 l5 l6 3l 29 2 2 5 5 l 2 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 CN CN CN cN ^ O o CN m CO m 00 F^ 00 oo c e ev je nj d c a c a e k Š ršV ršV 2 3 3 8 8 oo 4 4 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 4 0 7 2 6 7 5 9 3 m 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 9 4 3 5 6 6 8 t^ 4 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 10 11 12 l 6l 2 4 6 5 ^ 9 6 9 2 2 2 ID ID ID 0 0 0 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 N NNW NE 5 l0 25 A A A Li Li Re 5 5 0 100 90 l00 l0 11 l5 34 5 5 l0 6 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 CN CN cN 00 00 l l l F^ F^ oo a a ic ic špi špi a a ska ska el 1j C rn >U >u a a >N ika ika er eliV eliV o oM l l cN F^ F^ F^ 4 4 6 6 6 9 9 9 l 9l 0 0 0 6 1—1 2 8 6 5 8 8 9 3 3 3 9 6 2 2 2 2 0 0 3 00 8 0 3 3 4 5 5 5 Cfir Dryas octopetala El 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 5 3 4 4 3 Cfir Sesleria sphaerocephala El 1 2 2 l 2 2 i i 1 l Cfir Silene acaulis El 1 2 2 l 2 l l i OE Lloydia serotina El i i i i i i i AT Saxifraga paniculata El i i 1 l i DH Doronicum glaciale El l i 2 3 AC Salix serpyllifolia El i 3 3 i CFir Caricionfirmae Carex firma El 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 l 2 Helianthemum alpestre El l i Pedicularis rostratocapitata El i i i i i i Festuca quadriflora El l i l l l 4 6 l 2 3 5 7 8 9 2 m m l04 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surma Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 219655 241862 4 8 7 0 5 2 244579 3 4 4 4 4 2 253938 3 6 3 4 4 2 132896 132899 132948 200651 200659 202448 246666 258109 201672 238382 4 7 9 3 5 2 8 4 4 8 3 2 220829 6 61 5 4 2 0 8 5 5 4 2 41 2 7 5 2 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID BS BS BS BS BS ID ID ID BS ID ID ID ID ID ID ID 2240 2390 2295 2325 2180 2230 2314 1340 1350 1435 5 5 3 1355 8 9 6 2055 2270 1815 2100 2070 1510 1450 2077 1840 1850 NE NE N NNE N NE SE NE N N W NW W SE NW N NE NNE NW E N SE SEE 10 3 3 15 20 35 35 80 45 5 20 15 15 2 30 25 5 5 15 5 15 5 10 A DA A A A ALR DA A A A A A DA DA A DA DA A A DA DA A Gr Re Li Li Re Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Re Li Li Li 5 10 10 10 2 20 50 20 10 10 20 10 30 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 10 40 0 100 90 95 90 100 80 50 80 90 90 80 90 70 90 80 90 80 100 80 90 90 60 100 30 10 1 1 22 22 29 25 28 27 25 15 15 10 16 14 29 13 14 29 15 15 40 28 15 32 34 10 2 5 10 3 2 2 2 6 2 20 16 10 3 1 2 5 2 5 10 10 10 2 00 0 0 CN 01 CN 3 01 cN 2 01 cN 2 01 cN 4 01 cN VO 2 01 CN 2 0 0 CN 2 0 0 cN 2 0 0 cN 2 0 0 cN 2 0 0 cN ^P 3 0 0 cN 01 cN 5 01 cN 3 0 0 CN 0 01 CN 4 01 cN oo 0 01 CN 8 0 0 CN 2 01 cN 2 01 cN 5 01 CN Fi ^ CN co o co F^ ^ ^ cN ^ cN cN o co ^ co tN cN F^ cN O CO CO cN CO cN cN 00 00 F^ 00 00 00 00 vB vB vB F^ F^ F^ oo F^ vo oo vo vo vo vo F^ C ¡-1 >u > c -o 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + + + + + 2 + 2 1 2 + + + + 2 1 1 + + + 2 + + 1 1 o, a Q rt ¡3 "¡3 O c u c u o, a Q o, a Q 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 8 F^ F^ 8 00 8 8 8 8 9 ^ oo t^ 8 8 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 6 5 6 6 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 4 6 7 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 8 6 1 9 3 8 3 4 8 1 3 9 0 4 7 1 5 5 5 9 4 4 9 4 9 0 9 2 5 9 5 9 4 9 5 8 8 0 4 9 5 3 4 7 0 9 9 5 1 8 1 4 5 8 6 5 6 6 8 9 8 0 9 4 6 5 7 0 9 9 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 41 8 0 9 9 0 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 0 4 0 1 41 8 1 31 0 9 0 0 3 0 0 9 4 5 1 31 7 6 0 0 7 0 8 6 5 0 2 0 0 8 7 7 7 3 4 0 8 2 7 9 6 6 2 0 7 1 4 3 7 8 2 0 2 8 7 1 4 9 7 7 8 7 1 1 4 00 7 8 9 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 3 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 11 o "H -O _0 0 1 I s 5 c u £ V a rt ¡3 "¡3 44 C > o 4 4 £ c S 3 4 4 o 4 4 4 > '¡n £ 4 41 _c !> 5 C 4 00 ts 4 2 3 4 Pr. Fr. 35 100 16 46 14 40 12 34 11 31 10 29 6 17 + + 26 74 2 + 12 34 . 1 12 34 . . 11 31 5 1 + 1 1 2 2 2 2 + + + + + + 1 + + + 105 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 23456789 1G 11 12 Chamorchis alpina El t ... 1 . t t r Oxytropis neglecta El t .... t 1 1 t Phyteuma sieberi El t . . . t . . . . Saussurea pygmaea El 1 . . . . 1 2 1 t Minuartia sedoides El . . . . . . t t . t Salix alpina El . . . t . . . . Primula wulfeniana El . . . . . . t . Crepis kerneri El 1 Ranunculus hybridus El Carex rupestris El .....2 . . Veronica aphylla El 1 1 Geranium argenteum El Primula halleri El . . . . . . . t Saxifraga exarata subsp. carniolica El CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya El Laserpitium peucedanoides El Senecio abrotanifolius El Arabis vochinensis El CF Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila El t Hedysarum hedysaroides El t l Cerastium subtriflorum El OE Oxytropido-Elynion Carex atrata El t t Antennaria carpatica El r Arenaria ciliata El Erigeron uniflorus El Saussurea alpina El SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Achillea clavennae El t ... 1 .. t l Gentiana clusii El t t .... 1 t . Galium anisophyllum El . . . . . . t . t Potentilla crantzii El t ...... t Leontopodium alpinum El t . . . 1 . t t Androsace villosa El Juncus monanthos El Erigeron glabratus El . . . . . . . t Thesium alpinum El Astragalus australis El Festuca norica El Leucanthemum heterophyllum El Ranunculus carinthiacus El Saussurea discolor El ....... l Traunsteinera globosa El ES Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum El 1 1 t t t . .21 1 1 l Sesleria caerulea El t . . . . . t t t l Aster bellidiastrum El 1 t . . t 2 1 1 t l Selaginella selaginoides El l....l.. t 1G6 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr. Fr. 1 + 11 + + + +1 +r +. +1 +. ++ 1 + 112 1. 111.+.+ +1111.. 11 23 23 23 17 14 14 11 9 9 6 6 3 3 3 +39 +39 . 3 9 . 1 3 17 9 3 4 11 39 26 26 13 10 29 10 29 20 20 14 9 9 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 1. ++ + +. 1 27 77 11 21 1 11 1 23 66 ++ .2 + 1+ 15 43 +. .+ + + 13 37 r + + + + + + + + + r 1 + + + + + + + 1 1 2 + + + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + + r + + 1 + 107 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2oi7, 49-i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO ll l2 Agrostis alpina El l t . . . 3 . Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El t . . . t . . t Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El . . t t Bartsia alpina El t . t . . t t . . t Carex sempervirens El t Homogyne discolor El Gentianella anisodonta El . . t t . . t Astrantia bavarica El t Hieracium villosum El t Pedicularis verticillata El Polygala alpestris El Daphne striata El Globularia cordifolia El Hieracium pilosum El Alchemilla alpigena El Aster alpinus El . . t Cerastium strictum El Euphrasia salisburgensis El Lotus alpinus El Nigritella rhellicani El Phyteuma orbiculare El Alchemilla exigua El Anemone baldensis El Gentiana verna El Globularia nudicaulis El Linum alpinum susbp. julicum El NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride El Luzula exspectata El . . t Antennaria dioica El Arnica montana El Festuca nigrescens El Nardus stricta El JT Juncetea trifidi Euphrasia minima El . . t t . . t FV Carex fuliginosa El Campanula scheuchzeri El . . l Agrostis rupestris El . . t Anthoxanthum nipponicum El Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta El LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arctostaphylos alpina El l 2 . t t . . 4 Vaccinium gaultherioides El t . . 3 Juniperus sibirica El AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Trifolium pallescens El . . l Carex ornithopodoides El Carex parviflora El Ranunculus traunfellneri El . t . . r . . t . . Salix retusa El l . . t t l08 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) + 1 + + 1 + 2 . + + + 3 . 2.+ 1 . + + + 1.1 +2. + . . 1 . + 1 . + . . . . + . 1 + + + . + ...1... . . . . 3 + . . . + + + . .1. +.1 + . . 1+ +1 1 + 4 1 + + 31 32 33 34 35 Pr. Fr. + 11 31 + + + + 11 31 + 1 + + 10 29 + 9 26 + + 9 26 1 1 + 1 8 23 6 17 + + 4 11 + + + 4 11 4 11 1 + + + 4 11 3 3 + 3 9 1 + 1 3 9 + 3 9 r 2 6 2 6 + 2 6 2 6 1 + 2 6 r 1 2 6 1 2 6 + 3 3 + 3 + 3 r 3 3 9 + 2 6 1 1 3 r 1 3 + 1 3 + 1 3 6 17 4 11 4 11 2 6 + 1 3 1 3 3 13 37 7 20 1 3 9 6 17 + 1 6 17 6 17 6 17 5 14 + + + 1 + 1 + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + 1 ++ + + 109 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 123456789 1G 11 12 Salix reticulata E1 + Soldanella alpina E1 Soldanella minima E1 + ........ Thlaspi minimum E1 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii MC Saxifraga aizoides E1 + + + + . . . . . . + Heliosperma alpestre E1 Biscutella laevigata E1 Festuca laxa E1 Poa minor E1 Rumex scutatus E1 Achillea atrata E1 Aquilegia einseleana E1 Arabis alpina E1 Athamanta cretensis E1 Cerastium carinthiacum E1 Moehringia ciliata E1 Saxifraga oppositifolia E1 Saxifraga sedoides E1 Sedum atratum E1 PS Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Saxifraga squarrosa E1 . + + + 1 + . + . Saxifraga crustata E1 11 + 1 + 2. . . Potentilla nitida E1 . . . . . r . . . PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Valeriana saxatilis E1 . . . . 1 . . . . Festuca alpina E1 +......11 Campanula cochleariifolia E1 . . . . + . . . + Primula auricula E1 . . . . + . . + + Potentilla clusiana E1 . . . . + . . . . Valeriana elongata E1 AT Asplenieta trichomanis Asplenium viride E1 CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris E1 . . . . . . . + . 1 Parnassia palustris E1 . . . . + . . + + 1 Pinguicula alpina E1 . . . . + . . . . Tofieldia calyculata E1 Luzula sudetica E1 PaT Poo alpnae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Poa alpina E1 . . . . . . . + + Leontodon hispidus E1 Trifolium pratense E1 Trifolium repens E1 Trollius europaeus E1 FB Festuco-Brometea Hippocrepis comosa E1 Prunella grandiflora E1 Carex caryophyllea E1 Gymnadenia conopsea E1 11G O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr. Fr. 2 2 1 11 1 + + + + . + ++ 1. 4 11 3 9 3 9 2 6 6 17 5 14 4 11 3 9 2 6 2 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 20 7 20 13 23 17 9 9 6 3 13 7 20 6 17 5 14 5 14 13 7 20 13 13 13 13 26 26 13 13 + + + 1 + + + + ++ + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + 1 r + r 111 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) MuA Betulo-Alnetea, Mulgedio-Aconitetea Viola biflora El Salix waldsteiniana El RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus El Rhododendron hirsutum El Pinus mugo El Erica carnea El EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda El Gymnadenia odoratissima El VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina El Vaccinium vitis-idaea El Huperzia selago El Larix decidua El Moneses uniflora El Picea abies El Pyrola rotundifolia El Vaccinium myrtillus El QF Querco-Fagetea Anemone nemorosa El O Other species (Druge vrste) Minuartia sp. El ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Tortella tortuosa E0 Tortella sp. E0 Thamnolia vermicularis E0 Dicranum sp. E0 Orthothecium rufescens E0 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 Cetraria islandica E0 22 4 6 l 2 3 5 7 8 9 l0 ll l2 l l t 2 t r t t t t t t Legend — Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler BS Boštjan Surina A Limestone — apnenec D Dolomite - dolomit L Marlstone — laporovec R Chert — roženec Li Lithosol — kamnišče Re Rendzina — rendzina FV Festucion variae MC Montio-Cardaminetea 1S6 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Pr. Fr. 6 17 13 1112 1 12 12 121 + + 22 + 11 31 . 4 11 . 3 9 326 3 3 26 17 6 3 3 3 3 3 13 13 11 9 6 3 3 3 3 1 + + + 3 + + ++ + 2 + 2 1 + + + + + + 1 + + + + 1S6 0-|- -■- • I. Dakskobler & B. Surina IclCQUCtlii 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Table 5: Associations Empetro-Vaccinietumgaultherioidis and Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum and other communities with dominant Vaccinium gaultherioides in Slovenia. LV VP VP LV VP LV ES VP JT Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %): Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) Coordinate GK X (D-48) Diagnostic species of syntaxa (Diagnostične vrste sintaksonov) Vaccinium gaultherioides Vaccinium vitis-idaea Homogyne alpina Deschampsia flexuosa Loiseleuria procumbens Homog yne discolor Vaccinium myrtillus Agrostis rupestris Cfir Dryas octopetala CFir Carexfirma El E0 m2 El El El El El El El El El El El ID NE 20 |AGR| Dy 0 l00 22 5 83078 8 l 4 5 2 05565 97973 -šp m -šp m o 22222 ID ID ID ID ID N 30 An Ra l0 90 l9 5 N 30 DA A Re Re 5 95 l00 20 . N NE N 25 5 l0 DA DA Re 0 l0 80 l6 2 7 24 2 p a rn O oa b in omb javin oR Rj 44 ll .2 34 33 Li Re Ra Re Re Re Re 5 G 5 1G G 3 l 90 95 95 9G 1GG 1GG 95 1G 2G 25 3G 3G 39 25 24 22 l 1G 4 6 2 1G 3 rh vr ki š to ot apo Z ID ID ID ID ID ID N NEE N 25 5 l5 A ALR A 705 292 2 l 2 N NWNNE 2 l5 20 A DA A d ali in ni Kan rh vr £ di u K 44 44 . t 7 p š a ska lina iš ka ni lik av Veli ravT g ka 4 6 2 3 5 7 8 9 0 2 2 m m 3 3 3 4 2 t t 114 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Tabela 5: Asociaciji Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis in Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum ter druge združbe s prevladujočo vrsto Vaccinium gaultherioides v Sloveniji. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ID TW ID ID TWTW ID ID N 30 DA Re 5 95 -C 'S a I N NWW SSW 10 AL Ra 0 3 A Re 20 100 80 2 A Li 0 100 N 5 DA Li 0 100 SE 5 DA Li 0 100 NE NE 5 10 ALR DA Ra Re 05 100 95 20 35 30 28 36 31 23 13 563 10 6942 -C £ = a m 35 Cu J "lu 13 >u ■S Ji 13 £ N? Ji OJ p* J J >co 2 32 11 . 1 . 3 44 11 .2 + . -C £ 1 1 + + 1 2 . 1 . 44 BS BS BS ID NNE W 20 5 AL AL Re Re 00 100 90 30 30 37 47 24 E u — E u — ID 0 7 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID N NW SE NNE N N 5 5 25 25 2 DA A DA A A Re Re Re Re Re 0 10 0 5 0 100 95 100 95 100 30 28 25 26 28 27 2 3 10 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 00 01 01 01 01 CNl CNl CNI CNI CNI CNI CNl t^ ^ CNI 1 1 1 fo oo OO OO 30 10 -C £ 'iT -o u Jo C 3 O -D d 3 O J O o, >« J Jfi "lu 13 >u _c Ji 2 I § a W NW NE 555 A DA DA Re Re Li 000 100 100 100 28 27 13 323 W 20 DA Re 10 90 13 3 >u N > % S iti a u £ ± 2 N NNE 25 10 AA Re Re 05 100 95 10 . 27 30 10 5 J "m J £ NE NW NW NE 60 10 DA Li 10 90 5 A Re 5 95 J2 J co 'c? £ Cu J j* "ij £3 >u Ji m N > > 20 DA Re 10 90 42 38 29 25 2435 o, >« J Jfi "ču 13 >u ■S 3 <3 O 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 1 + 1 1 2 1 + 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 + 1 + + 2 2 1 + 2 1 2 + 2 1 4 + 1 + 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 + + 2 + 3 + 115 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surma Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ES Sesleria caerulea El 1 + . + + 1 + + Cfir Silene acaulis El + . . + . . + SV Potentilla crantzii El + . . + . LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arctostaphylos alpina El + l+ 2 4 4 l l l Juniperus sibirica El + . 1 + . . . CC Caricetalia curvulae Primula minima El 1 Campanula alpina El + Hieracium piliferum El Carex curvula El Hieracium alpinum El . . 2 . NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride El + . . . + Anthoxanthum nipponicum (inc. A. odoratum s. lat.) El + . Festuca nigrescens El . . . 2 Luzula exspectata El Alchemilla flabellata El Luzula alpina El Nardus stricta El + Potentilla erecta El 1 Campanula barbata El + Carex pallescens El Festuca ovina agg. El + Gentiana pannonica El Pseudorchis albida El JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri El +l l + + . . . Euphrasia minima (inc. E. pulchella) El 1 + r . . Leontodon helveticus El 1 1 . . 1 Juncus trifidus El + . . . Potentilla aurea El 1 . + + FV Carex fuliginosa El Juncus jacquinii El 1 . . . Helictotrichon versicolor El + . . . Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta El + + . . . Geum montanum El Botrychium lunaria El FV Festuca varia El + OE Oxytropido-Elynion Antennaria carpatica El + 2 2+. + Lloydia serotina El . + + . Carex atrata El Elyna myosuroides El l Erigeron uniflorus El . + . . Gentiana nivalis El . + . . Antennaria dioica El Arenaria ciliata El Festuca intercedens El 116 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 + 221 + 1 . + + + + . . . 1 + . 1 13+ 1++1 11.+ 1.1 + . 1 + . . + . . + 1+ ++ ++ 1+ 4 1 1 3 3 2 3 4 +1 + + + 1 + + 1..+. + + . . r + . 3 . . . + 2 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 + + + + . + + + 1 + + +..1.+ 434342 ++++ +++ +.+ 22 +. .+1 +11 .+ +r ++ ++ ++ + + r ++ ++ + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + 117 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cfir Caricion firmae Pedicularis rostratocapitata El . + + + + + Festuca quadriflora El . + . . . + . . Helianthemum alpestre El . . r + . + Sesleria sphaerocephala El + Phyteuma sieberi El Saussurea pygmaea El Oxytropis neglecta El Minuartia sedoides El . + + . . Chamorchis alpina El Primula halleri El Carex rupestris El Geranium argenteum El Ranunculus hybridus El Salix alpina Minuartia gerardii El El Veronica aphylla El CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya El . + . Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina El + Festuca calva Laserpitium peucedanoides El El Trifolium noricum El CF Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila El . . + + . + Hedysarum hedysaroides El Cerastium subtriflorum Carex ferruginea El El Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala El + SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Gentiana clusii El . . + . . Achillea clavennae El . + . + + . + . Juncus monanthos El + . . . + Galium anisophyllum El Leontopodium alpinum El Erigeron glabratus El Nigritella bicolor El Androsace villosa El Festuca norica El Ranunculus carinthiacus El Saussurea discolor El Astragalus australis El Nigritella widderi El Poa pumila El . + . . . Trisetum alpestre + ES Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum El + . 1 1112. 2 Selaginella selaginoides El . 1 . + 1 + + + 1 + Agrostis alpina El . + . + . + 11 l 118 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 + + + . . 1 1 3 .+.+ + . . . +.+. .+. + . . .+1 .+. +++ + . + + ++ 1+ ++1+ .+ ++ ++ + +. ++ +11 . + . . . + 2 + + . + . + + . +.+ +1 1 2 + 1 +1 + + 1 1 + 2 1 1 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + .1 + 1 1 + + + 1 1 + + + + + 1 + + + .1 + 2 3 2 + + + + 1 1 1 + 1 + + + + ++ + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + 1S6 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aster bellidiastrum El + . . . . Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El . + . . . Bartsia alpina El . + . . . + . . Astrantia bavarica El . + . . . . . + Gentianella anisodonta El . . . + . Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El . + . . + Pedicularis verticillata El + Carex sempervirens El Hieracium pilosum El + . r . . Aster alpinus El Alchemilla glaucescens El Arabis vochinensis El + Hieracium villosum El Linum alpinum subsp. julicum El Nigritella rhellicani El Phyteuma orbiculare El + Euphrasia salisburgensis El Lotus alpinus El Anemone narcissiflora El + Gentiana verna El Myosotis alpestris El Rhinanthus glacialis El Alchemilla exigua El Betonica alopecuros El . . . . + Cerastium strictum El Daphne striata El Helianthemum grandiflorum El Hieracium dentatum El FB Festuco-Brometea, Trifolio-Geranietea Gymnadenia conopsea El Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana El AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Salix retusa El . . + . . + Carex parviflora El . + . . . 1 + . Soldanella alpina El Alchemilla fissa El . 1 + 1 + Trifolium pallescens Doronicum glaciale El El . + . . 1 . + 1.1. r . + . . Galium noricum El 1 Salix reticulata El Salix serpyllifolia El Carex ornithopodoides El + Ranunculus traunfellneri El TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii MC Saxifraga aizoides El Rhodiola rosea El . . + . . Festuca nitida El Biscutella laevigata El 120 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 . + 1 + . . + + + . + . . + r 1 + + + .1 + 2 + . + . + 2 + + + 1 . + + + . . 1 + + . . + + . + . . + + . + 1 + + 21 + 1 + + + 1. + . + + + 11 . 111 + . . . . + 1 2 1 . . . . . + . ++ . 1 + 1++ . + + + ++ .11.+. + . . 1 + + . . . . + . . . + ++1+ + . . + . . + . + + ++ r + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + 1+ + 121 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) I Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1G 11 12 Heliosperma alpestre El Hieracium bifidum El i Petrocallis pyrenaica El Gypsophila repens El Pimpinella alpina El Achillea atrata El Minuartia austriaca El Poa minor El Saxífraga oppositifolia El . i Saxífraga sedoides El PS Phyteumato-Saxifragpon petraeae Saxifraga crustata El Saxifraga squarrosa El PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Primula auricula El Dianthus sylvestris El Festuca alpina El Valeriana saxatilis El i Festuca stenantha El AT Asplenietea trichomanis Saxifraga paniculata El . i Asplenium viride El CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El i . i Parnassia palustris El Tofieldia calyculata El Pinguicula alpina El Gentiana utriculosa El PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Poa alpina El .l l.. Trollius europaeus El . i . Leontodon hispidus El i Trifolium repens El . i . Euphrasia picta El i Trifolium pratense El MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea Viola biflora El Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum El + Alnus viridis El i . . . Salix glabra E2a Sorbus chamaemespilus E2a + RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus El 2 1 . i . Rhododendron hirsutum El + + 2 . 3 2 . i . Pinus mugo E2a . i . i i Erica carnea El 2 Rhododendron x intermedium El EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda El . . i i i . .. l 122 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 +. +r 1++ +1 1+ 1+ +++ 1+ ++ + +.+ +. 111 .+ ++ 1 1+ 123 + + + + ++ ++ + + ++ + + + + ++ ++ + + + ++ + ++ + 2 2 + + + + O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Huperzia selago El Larix decidua El Lycopodium annotinum El Luzula sylvatica El Pyrola minor El Calamagrostis arundinacea El Homogyne sylvestris El Lonicera caerulea E2a Luzula luzuloides El Picea abies El Saxifraga cuneifolia El Sorbus aucuparia El QF Querco-Fagetea Hieracium lachenalii El O Other species (Druge vrste) Festuca sp. El Alchemilla sp. El Minuartia sp. El ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Hylocomium splendens E0 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 Cetraria islandica E0 Tortella tortuosa E0 Dicranum sp. E0 Thamnolia vermicularis E0 Cetraria sp. E0 Cladonia arbuscula E0 Cladonia sp. E0 Dicranum scoparium E0 Cladonia furcata E0 Cladonia stellaris E0 Ditrichum flexicaule E0 Polytrichum sp. E0 Cetraria nivalis E0 Tortella sp. E0 Drepanocladus sp. E0 Plagiothecium denticulatum E0 Pleurozium schreberi E0 Polytrichum formosum E0 Racomitrium lanuginosum E0 Cetrelia cetrarioides E0 Cladonia pyxidata E0 Peltigera leucophlebia E0 4 3 6 2 3 7 8 9 0 2 \ \ \ \ \ 2 \ \ 24 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 +. 21 + + +1 + + 1 + + 1 + + ++ +1 1 + + r + + + + + + 2 2 + 125 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %): Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) 39 40 4l 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID NNW N 25 l5 DA DA Re Re 00 El l00 l00 E0 . . 23 40 m2 4 l0 NW NE l0 25 A DA Re Re 20 l00 l00 43 5 35 20 SEE l5 DA Re 5 95 54 l0 NE NW 3 20 A ALR Li Re 00 l00 95 .5 28 2 30 2 NE 3 A Re 0 l00 30 3 EN 53 AA Li Re 50 90 l00 NE NE l0 25 A Re l0 90 l00 27 27 25 l0 4 2 lav gl ka evr oli oli pr ki ka ka p ki k n Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) M rT l rh elJ ro vr liki eči leni p e eev čev n o b b 2 i Rd Z N PÍ CNl m m ^ -ŠP CN co CO m m oo m CN ro CN fe Coordinate GK X (D-48) m m m m m m m m m m m m m Diagnostic species of syntaxa (Diagnostične vrste sintaksonov) LV Vaccinium gaultherioides El 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 VP Vaccinium vitis-idaea El 2 l 3 2 2 VP Homogyne alpina El 2 1 i i 1 LV Empetrum hermaphroditum El i i VP Deschampsia flexuosa El LV Loiseleuria procumbens El l 4 l ES Homogyne discolor El 3 l l l l i l 2 l l VP Vaccinium myrtillus El l l 1 JT Agrostis rupestris El + i Cfir Dryas octopetala El 3 i i 3 2 i 1 1 2 3 1 CFir Carex firma El i 2 l i l 2 2 i ES Sesleria caerulea El i l i l i i l i i l i Cfir Silene acaulis El l i 2 i i i SV Potentilla crantzii El i i i l l i LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arctostaphylos alpina El 2 3 3 i 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 2 79 [Il - - to to to - to 5139734 408321 9648/2 Šplevta 8/26/2008 to O Oo o o o > to 4 2220 D 219687 VJ1 - - - to to ~ + . Oo 5139767 408283 9648/2 Šplevta 8/26/2008 tO O Oo o o o tF > O O 2215 D 219688 VJ1 tO - Oo - - to Oo • Oo 5141442 408579 9548/4 Križ 8/10/2011 VJl VJ1 VJ1 (F > tO 2340 D 241896 VJ1 Oo to - - Oo • Oo 5138928 413794 9649/1 Rjavina 7/31/2015 to VJ1 VJ1 tF D > ■M z 2460 D 257662 VJ1 - - - O) to • to 5134626 409783 9648/2 Škednjevec 7/31/2012 tO to to o o to (F D > tO 00 1 2253 3 244208 VJl VJ1 - - - - - to 5133422 404145 9648/4 Plaski Vogel 8/21/2011 Oo VJ1 o o tF rt D > ■M 2340 3 241835 VJ1 C\ - - - - - H- . . 5133402 403919 9648/4 Travnik 8/21/2011 o Oo o VJ1 t D > ■M ^ 2260 3 241841 VJl - to O) Oo • to 5141417 408538 9548/4 Križ 8/27/2008 o o o tF > ■M z 2300 3 219696 VJl oo - - - to 5133789 410218 9649/3 Lazovški preval 7/18/2013 o Oo to o o o (F > O oo 1975 3 251032 VJl - - Oo - - Oo 5144023 395826 9547/4 Mangart - Mali vrh 7/7/2014 o Oo o o (F > — ?= O z M 1970 3 253421 C\ O - - - - • - • - - - 5135508 413934 9649/1 Draški vrh 6/30/2015 o Oo VJl O o (F D > OJ O z M 2145 3 257171 C\ - to ~ + - - 5139361 401664 9648/1 Trenta - Plešivec 9/24/2013 - to O o & n> D > o z 1985 3 250049 C\ to - to • - O) + to - 5139321 401601 9648/1 Trenta - Plešivec 9/24/2013 to co oo o to o (F rt D > o z 1975 3 250051 G\ OJ Oo - to to O) + to 5139558 401917 9648/1 Trenta - Plešivec 10/3/2013 to to ---J o Oo o t^ D > OJ O z 2003 3 250380 C\ Oo O) - • O) 5139538 401897 9648/1 Trenta - Plešivec 10/3/2013 to to o o oo o to o (F > o z i 2005 3 250379 C\ VJl Oo - - to 5124180 404770 9748/2 Tolminski Kuk 7/5/2015 to to VJ1 o o to (F m > — ■M z 1895 3 257205 C\ C\ - - - - to 5136231 410181 9648/2 Smarjetna glava 1/9/2015 o o o - (F m > ■M co M 2340 3 258088 C\ ^J - to - - 5140747 396374 9547/4 Mali Bedinji vrh 10/3/2014 to oo Oo o VJ1 o (F m > ■M Z M 2165 3 254630 C\ oo 5134342 406051 9648/4 Veliko Špičje 8/11/2008 5134202 382341 9646/4 Kanin - Mali dol 9/11/2008 5140601 396025 9547/4 Morež - Konjska skrbina 8/19/2008 5144253 396161 9547/4 Mangart - Jarečica 8/8/2013 5145568 396333 9547/4 Mangart - Mangartsko sedlo 8/6/2014 5144336 396122 9547/4 Mangart-Jarečica 7/7/2014 5144265 396048 9547/4 Mangart - Rdeča skala 7/7/2014 o o fd D a O O ^ > Ul o o P > u. O tO ^ > W t- Ui n pj to t? r 5 ^ > v t-1 ^ 2280 I 1980 ^ 2065 ^ 2093 ^ 2235 ^ 2076 Z 2050 O 219615 5 220785 5 220972 O 249411 D 253943 D 253959 O 253418 U) \| •T) 4X v/l C\ OJ to 4x O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Juniperus sibirica E1 ......+ . . . CC Caricetalia curvulae Primula minima E1 Campanula alpina E1 Hieracium piliferum E1 Carex curvula E1 Hieracium alpinum E1 . 1........ NS Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride E1 + + + + . . + . . . Anthoxanthum nipponicum (inc. A. odoratum s. lat.) E1 . 1 . . +..... Festuca nigrescens E1 . 2 . . +..... Luzula exspectata E1 Alchemilla flabellata E1 + Luzula alpina E1 Nardus stricta E1 Potentilla erecta E1 Campanula barbata E1 Carex pallescens E1 Festuca ovina agg. E1 Gentiana pannonica E1 . r ....... . Pseudorchis albida E1 JT Juncetea trifidi Campanula scheuchzeri E1 . + . . + . 1 + 1 . + Euphrasia minima (inc. E. pulchella) E1 + . . . r . + . + . Leontodon helveticus E1 ...1...... Juncus trifidus E1 . + ........ Potentilla aurea E1 + + + . + ...... FV Carex fuliginosa E1 2 Juncus jacquinii E1 Helictotrichon versicolor E1 Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta E1 Geum montanum E1 Botrychium lunaria E1 FV Festuca varia E1 OE Oxytropido-Elynion Antennaria carpatica E1 . . . +.....1 + Lloydia serotina E1 + . . . . . . . + . . Carex atrata E1 . + .......+ Elyna myosuroides E1 Erigeron uniflorus E1 . . . . . . . . . + Gentiana nivalis E1 Antennaria dioica E1 Arenaria ciliata E1 Festuca intercedens E1 Cfir Caricion firmae Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 + . 1 + . + + 1 + + + Festuca quadriflora E1 . . . . . . . . . + Helianthemum alpestre E1 . + . + ...... Sesleria sphaerocephala E1 2 . . . . . . + . + . Phyteuma sieberi E1 . + . + ...... Saussurea pygmaea E1 . . + + . . 1 . + . Oxytropis neglecta E1 . . . + .....+ 128 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Pr. Fr. 45 ++ 1+ +1 ++ 21 + ++ ++ + +1 +. +1++ +1 . 2 1 . . + .+. + + . .+. .+. 11 +. 1+ 22 29 10 13 8 11 45 1 1 1 1 1 + + + 1 + + 1 + 1 1 3 1 1 + 44 59 25 33 14 19 13 17 12 16 79 26 35 20 27 13 17 32 43 19 25 15 20 14 19 11 15 11 15 10 13 + r + r + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 2 + r + + + ++ + + ++ 2 + + + + 129 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2oi7, 49-i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) r Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 39 40 4l 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Minuartia sedoides El Chamorchis alpina El + + Primula halleri El l + Carex rupestris El + Geranium argenteum El l Ranunculus hybridus El + + Salix alpina Minuartia gerardii El El Veronica aphylla El CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya El + + + + + + + Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina El + Festuca calva Laserpitium peucedanoides El El Trifolium noricum El l CF Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila Hedysarum hedysaroides Cerastium subtriflorum Ccexfermginea Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala El El El El El l + l SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Gentiana clusii El + + + + + + Achillea clavennae El + + + + l Juncus monanthos El + + + Galium anisophyllum El + Leontopodium alpinum El + + + + Erigeron glabratus El Nigritella bicolor El + Androsace villosa El + + Festuca norica El Ranunculus carinthiacus El Saussurea discolor El Astragalus australis El Nigritella widderi El Poa pumila El Trisetum alpestre ES EEno-Seslslirtett Polygonum viviparum El 2 l l l l + l + l l l Selaginella selaginoides El l l l l l + l l l l + Agrostis alpina El 2 + l l + 2 + l + + Aster bellidiastrum El + l l Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El + + l + + + Bartsia alpina El + + + + + l + + Astrantia bavarica El 2 2 l l l l + + l Gentianella anisodonta El + + + + Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El + + + + Pedicularis verticillata El + + + + Carex sempervirens El + + + + l Hieracium pilosum El + + Aster alpinus El + Alchemilla glaucescens El + l30 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Pr. Fr. 9 12 79 + + + 111 + + 1 + + + 1 2 + + + 2 + + + + + . . + 11.. 1 112 1 + + + . . . . + + .+. .. 1 + + . + 11 11 1+ 17 23 79 11 11 11 20 27 12 16 23 11 11 23 31 22 29 15 20 12 16 79 63 84 53 71 50 67 29 39 28 37 27 36 25 33 20 27 19 25 17 23 16 21 79 57 45 131 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + rr + + + + + 2 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r 50 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2gi7, 49-i7i I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 39 40 4l 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Arabis vochinensis El Hieracium villosum El . . . . . . + Linum alpinum subsp. julicum El + Nigritella rhellicani El + Phyteuma orbiculare El + . Euphrasia salisburgensis El Lotus alpinus El Anemone narcissiflora El . l..... Gentiana verna El Myosotis alpestris El Rhinanthus glacialis El Alchemilla exigua El Betonica alopecuros El Cerastium strictum El Daphne striata El 2...... Helianthemum grandiflorum El Hieracium dentatum El . + FB Festuco-Brometea, Trifolio-Geranietea Gymnadenia conopsea El Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana El AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Salix retusa El + + Carex parviflora El + + . + Soldanella alpina El + . + + + l + . + . . Alchemilla fissa El l + Trifolium pallescens El Doronicum glaciale El 2 Galium noricum El l Salix reticulata El Salix serpyllifolia El + Carex ornithopodoides El Ranunculus traunfellneri El TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii MC Saxifaga aizoides El + . + Rhodiola rosea El Festuca nitida El Biscutella laevigata El + Heliosperma alpestre El + . Hieracium bifidum El Petrocallis pyrenaica El + Gypsophila repens El Pimpinella alpina El Achillea atrata El Minuartia austriaca El Poa minor El + Saxifraga oppositifolia El Saxifraga sedoides El PS Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Saxifraga crustata El + Saxifaga squarrosa El PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Primula auricula El 3 + l30 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Pr. Fr. 4 5 45 45 45 45 34 34 23 23 23 23 + 1 + 1 . + + + +++ 22 29 19 25 16 21 15 20 14 19 12 16 79 34 34 23 23 23 34 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + 133 O Hacquetia i6/i • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 39 40 4l 42 43 44 4S 46 47 48 49 SG Dianthus sylvestris El Festuca alpina El . . . . i . i . . . . Valeriana saxatilis El Festuca stenantha El ......+ . . . . AT Asplenietea trichomanis Saxifraga paniculata El Asplenium viride El CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El . i i . i . . . i i i i Parnassia palustris El . l . . l . + . . + . Tofieldia calyculata El . l l l +...... Pinguicula alpina El . . . i i i .... . Gentiana utriculosa El PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Poa alpina El i Trollius europaeus El . . . . i . i i . i . Leontodon hispidus El . l . + . l..... Trifolium repens El Euphrasia picta El Trifolium pratense El MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea Viola biflora El . . . i i . i . i i . Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum El Alnus viridis El Salix glabra E2a Sorbus chamaemespilus E2a RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus El . + + + 1 + 1 + + . l l Rhododendron hirsutum El . + + . . l l 2 + + 3 3 Pinus mugo E2a Erica carnea El .....+..... Rhododendron x intermedium El EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda El + + l . l . + . . . . VP Vccinio-Piceetea Huperzia selago El . +......... Larix decidua El ........+ . . Lycopodium annotinum El Luzula sylvatica El Pyrola minor El Calamagrostis arundinacea El Homogyne sylvestris El Lonicera caerulea E2a Luzula luzuloides El Picea abies El Saxifraga cuneifolia El Sorbus aucuparia El QF Querco-Fagetea Hieracium lachenalii El O Other species (Druge vrste) Festuca sp. El 34 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Pr. Fr. 1 + 14 + 2 + + + . + . + + 1 . + 25 33 15 20 9 12 57 23 21 28 13 17 12 16 68 68 11 18 24 34 11 11 11 26 35 25 33 8 11 57 11 17 23 11 15 45 34 23 23 11 45 135 + 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 3 + r + + + + + + + O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) I Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 39 4G 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 5G Alchemilla sp. El............ Minuartia sp. El............ ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Hylocomium splendens EG............ Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus EG 1.....+..... Cetraria islandica EG . . + ......... Tortella tortuosa EG............ Dicranum sp. EG............ Thamnolia vermicularis EG............ Cetraria sp. EG............ Cladonia arbuscula EG............ Cladonia sp. EG.......+ . . . . Dicranum scoparium EG............ Cladonia furcata EG............ Cladonia stellaris EG............ Ditrichum flexicaule EG............ Polytrichum sp. EG +........... Cetraria nivalis EG............ Tortella sp. EG............ Drepanocladus sp. EG............ Plagiothecium denticulatum EG............ Pleurozium schreberi EG............ Polytrichum formosum EG............ Racomitrium lanuginosum EG............ Cetrelia cetrarioides EG............ Cladonia pyxidata EG............ Peltigera leucophlebia EG............ Legend — Legda Relevé 1: Homogyno alpinae-Empetretum hermaphroditae nom. prov. Relevés 2—6: Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododendretosum hirsuti Relevés 7—20: Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum caricetosum firmae Relevés 21—61: Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietumgaultherioidis Relevés 62—66: Empetro-Arctostaphyletum alpinae nom. prov. Relevés 69—75: Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietumgaultherioidis ID Igor Dakskobler BS Boštjan Surina TW Tone Wraber An Andesite - andezit A Limestone — apnenec D Dolomite — dolomit L Marlstone — laporovec R Chert — roženec G Claystone — glinavec Li Lithosol — kamnišče Re Rendzina — rendzina Ra Ranker — ranker Dy Dystric brown soil — distrična rjava tla MC Montio-Cardaminetea FV Festucion variae 89 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Pr. F3 1 1 1 1 + . . . . . 2 11 15 . 3 10 13 10 13 . . . . + . . . + . + . . 7 9 . + . + . 5 7 4 5 .....2 . 4 5 . . . + + 2 . 5 7 4 5 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 137 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Table 6 (Tabela 6): Saxifragopaniculatae-Caricetum fuliginosae ass. nov. 1 Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna štev. popisa) 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 258111 250786 258075 258110 Author of relevé (Avtor popisa) ID ID ID ID Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 2390 2294 2500 2275 Aspect (Lega) SWW N NE N Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 5 30 2 45 Parent material (Matična podlaga) A A Gr A Soil (Tla) Li Li Li Li Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) 20 20 50 60 Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zelišč. plasti v %): E1 80 80 50 40 Number of species (Število vrst) 16 11 14 10 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 2 111 262408 2624ll 2S8069 2S8077 ID ID ID ID 237S 238S 2S00 2S00 NE N SE NW 2 A Li 30 70 l2 2 20 Gr Li 60 40 ll 2 S Gr Li 40 60 8 S 2 Gr Li 20 80 l0 l Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa) Locality (Nahajališče) Quadrant (Kvadrant) Coordinate GK Y (D-48) Coordinate GK X (D-48) £ 4 0 4 šp a sk el rn >U a ik I 7 4 6 7 3 ap N 0 4l -Û e e or ic ic i ni ni šk e e iš me me or le le G s s e a a ičj g g n n pi S S 2 2 00 8 8 4 4 4 6 6 6 9 9 9 2 0 6 7 S 0 9 9 6 9 9 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 S 6 S 7 3 4 8 8 3 3 3 S S S n e me le S ap N 0 4l 3 7 8l 3 CF Caricion ferrugineae Gentiana pumila n e me le S ja nj la pl a N 0 4l Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije) Pr. Fr. FV Carex fuliginosa El l 3 43 3 3 4 4 8 l00 AT Saxífraga paniculata El l l 2l l 2 l l 8 l00 AC Salix serpyllifolia El l 2 . t 2 l l 2 7 88 Cfir Sesleria sphaerocephala El t t . t l t S 63 Cfir Caricionfirmae Minuartia sedoides El t t + 1 t t l t 8 l00 Carex firma El t l l l 4 S0 Silene acaulis El l. 2 l 3 l7 Helianthemum alpestre El 2 2 2 2S Minuartia gerardii El t t . 2 2S Dryas octopetala El 2 r. 2 2S Phyteuma sieberi El t t 2 2S Oxytropis neglecta El t l l3 Gentiana terglouensis El t . l l3 OE Oxytropido-Elynion Arenaria ciliata El t t 2 2S El 1 13 m m t 91 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Successive number of relevé (Zaporedna štev. popisa) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pr. Fr. ES Elyno-Seslerietea Polygonum viviparum El \ 2 l l 4 50 Aster bellidiastrum El \ 2 25 PaT Poa alpina El \ l 2 25 Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El 2 l l3 Gentianella anisodonta El \ l l3 JT Juncetea trifidi Euphrasia minima El \ l l3 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae DH Doronicum glaciale El l l l l l 6 75 Carex parviflora El 2 \ \ 3 38 CD Carex capillaris El 2 l l3 AA Cerastium uniflorum El \ l l3 Ranunculus traunfellneri El \ l l3 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Saxifraga sedoides El \ \ 2 25 Saxifraga oppositifolia El \ \ 2 25 MC Saxifraga aizoides El l l3 Papaver julicum El \ l l3 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis AV Eritrichium nanum El l \ 2 25 Saxifraga crustata El l l3 Saxifraga squarrosa El l l3 Festuca alpina El l l3 Minuartia cherlerioides El \ 1 13 Legend — Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler A Limestone — apnenec Gr Gravel — grušč Li Lithosol — kamnišče AT Asplenietea trichomanis FV Festucion variae PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetatlia DH Drabion hoppeanae CD Caricetalia davallianae AA Androsacion alpinae AV Androsacion vandelii MC Montio-Cardaminetea 92 Table 7: Synthetic table of alpine swards and heathlands in the Julian Alps. Tabela 7: Sintezna tabela alpinskih trat in resav v Julijskih Alpah. OE Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of releves (Število popisov) 7 5 36 16 32 9 a ,fe c -T3 U y G G U U Q Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintakso nov) 6 o o O OH cn Q PQ Author of of releves (Avtor popisov) PQ Q Q Q Q Q Caricion firmae Carex firma El 100 100 100 100 97 89 Pedicularis rostratocapitata El 86 60 67 100 44 44 Ranunculus hybridus El 86 20 14 19 6 Oxytropis neglecta El 71 40 6 44 6 44 Phyteuma sieberi El 71 40 64 69 44 22 Helianthemum alpestre El 43 80 44 56 50 22 Silene acaulis El 43 60 33 69 22 78 Minuartia sedo ides El 29 80 8 25 9 22 Gentiana terglouensis El 14 20 14 3 Salix alpina El 14 22 13 6 11 Saussurea pygmaea El 14 40 14 50 44 56 Sesleria sphaerocephala El 14 60 53 56 63 89 Chamorchis alpina El 14 60 6 63 6 44 Geranium argenteum El 14 3 Festuca quadriflora El 60 14 25 13 44 Minuartia gerardii (M. verna subsp. verna) El 60 3 Saxífraga exarata subsp. carniolica El 20 Veronica aphylla El 20 6 Dryas octopetala El 20 100 94 100 100 Crepis kerneri El 31 6 3 11 Carex rupestris El 11 13 100 11 Primula wulfeniana El 8 6 11 Pedicularis rosea El 3 Primula halleri El 6 11 Oxytrop ido-Elynion Lloydia serótina El 14 8 6 16 44 Armaria ciliata El 60 3 17 29 7 fe H u a a & 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 7 14 31 12 22 10 7 10 11 12 13 7 10 10 8 GtCfda SsDogp GtCfph HdVggp > u a a w w fe a w < S o o Q Q 23 24 25 26 . 6 8 8 7 ^ ^ S c CO »2 Q Q O O > a. > o. Q CU cr> bij rt ¡> a u g PQ Q Q Q Q 76 72 71 100 40 100 88 100 70 42 35 14 71 43 40 60 38 71 64 52 43 . 53 . 12 45 29 14 40 35 17 86 29 30 71 43 40 82 83 29 48 29 10 . 10 38 29 7 20 38 14 21 40 13 71 36 71 6 . 16 33 13 . 16 50 8 64 40 43 75 100 . 75 88 43 . 80 14 17 45 . . . 50 . 13 25 . .60 29 . 5 . . 25 50 ............71 ........29 41 70........ 27 30 ..... 38 14 20 . 3 . 10 24 31 57 60 90 88 24 57 43 30 40 25 14 10 . 43 52 67 82 29 6 . 43 14 43 50 45 . 9 68 80 14 75 70 29 . 14 . 75 63 20 100 33 13 29 20 20 50 57 14 10 20 38 86 7 13 65 86 86 29 70 40 13 29 14 23 29 17 14 . 40 10 . . 7 16 .........6 12 31 14 29 60 40 75 14 29 23 . 14 14 29 . 10 13 14 . 8 32 40 17 50 20 8 14 10 50 32 20 9 10 14 . . 25 14 . . 25 14 25 50 57 . 14 20 20 100 14 25 29 20 . 3 . 14 20 .... 3 . 5 10 .......... 47 52 57 100 100 50 100 86 71 90 67 91 70 14 100 100 100 100 100 71 20 100 14 12......14..........25 ... . 100 100 . 10 20 13 100 7 3 . 18 30 14 . . 17 . . 100 . ............... 50 . . 13 . 24...................... ..... 50 38 14 . 6 17 5 10 14 . .67 ...... 17 . 43 70 . 25 29 36 42 17 14 20 14 25 7 29 . 20 10 . . . 3 . 18 20 . 29 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) f^ m f^ m -nP m -NP -NP m r-^ 000 rs m rs es "iNrs es -Np ca -H es ca CS -H C^-nP-NP mc^-Npc^ ' -nP -h co co m m co m -nP-NP-NP tqtqtqtqtq tqtq ^ o dq is -S 8 « « | 8 s s ^ ^ s r« -S is O t^ c^ d S. IP -ih ¡S Jg g OO ^ « -S > S3 .s? S •S § £ < ir -m IN s K ^ ~ £ «.SJ 1 I S3 !1U •a Ills-I i •s s. S id s S S JS ig H ^S fc <2 §13 § iS r§ 'iT H § § ^ fp -ih 1 ^ R -il O > 141 Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Nigritella miniata s. lat. (A^ bicolor, N. hygrophild) E1 Gentiana orbicularis E1 Trísetum alpestre E1 Astragalus australis E1 Festuca norica E1 Nigritella widderi E1 Poapumila El Leucanthemum heterophyllum El Traunsteinera globosa E1 . . . 6 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 . 29 . 6 . 5 ......5 7 .10.......20 14 . 10 .... 3 8 5 . ......14...... .......7..... 20 . 25 . . 13 ..... .25....... Aster bellidiastrum El 86 20 86 56 41 78 53 17 43 86 10 80 75 71 36 52 50 55 75 75 67 75 13 40 29 Sesleria caerulea El 86 60 50 69 59 44 88 34 29 57 60 70 63 86 71 84 50 45 60 71 100 100 83 100 63 40 40 100 Polygonuni viviparum El 57 80 61 88 72 78 53 90 29 100 90 100 100 100 93 90 75 82 80 100 75 75 100 75 63 71 40 20 29 Bartsia alpina El 43 20 19 44 19 44 35 10 14 57 20 40 38 57 29 42 33 32 20 29 25 50 25 20 20 Globularia cordifolia El 29 6 41 3 29 75 86 Hiei-acium villosum El 29 20 11 13 11 6 14 10 10 8 5 75 29 Agrostis alpina El 14 40 11 56 41 33 35 65 57 0 60 60 63 100 71 74 75 86 60 57 25 83 75 13 57 20 100 Alcbemilla cinerea El 14 Anemone narcissißora El 14 3 3 3 20 Aster alpinus El 14 8 3 11 12 10 6 30 43 25 63 Astrantia bavarica El 14 14 19 25 11 14 10 38 43 21 45 18 14 25 50 50 100 20 20 Carex sempei'virens El 14 17 19 9 11 18 29 40 50 7 26 8 23 29 50 88 75 Homogyne discolor El 14 44 38 31 6 3 14 60 100 71 64 68 55 10 14 75 75 67 88 25 29 20 Lljymus praecox subsp. polytricbus El 14 80 22 44 34 22 29 17 29 14 10 90 63 86 29 42 83 55 40 43 75 75 83 50 13 29 40 14 Selaginella selaginoides El 14 53 44 34 22 12 57 60 50 75 57 71 81 25 41 10 29 50 50 100 50 13 14 20 60 Gentianella anisodonta El 80 22 19 22 22 25 10 29 14 30 60 63 29 14 29 67 55 20 14 25 17 14 40 Myosotis alpestris E1 Pedicularis verticillata El Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El Euphrasia salisburgensis E1 Gentiana verna El Alcbemilla alpigena E1 Alcbemilla exigua E1 Dapbne striata E1 Heliantbenium niimmularium subsp. grandiflorum El Einum alpinum subsp. julicum E1 Lotus alpinus El Polygald alpestris E1 40 40 20 20 29 10 8 23 20 8 38 . .6 33 50 41 22 76 11 13 6 . 6 8 6. .18 6 . 3.6.. 3 3 3 3 3 14 40 40 25 43 21 32 50 41 20 14 14 29 20 50 13 43 36 32 19 3 24 6 18 14 14 14 29 14 14 60 30 14 14 43 14 . 50 13 . 8 36 30 . 50 75 17 63 25 . 17 9 10 . 25 . .13 13 14 42 27 0 14 0 25 . 13 . 14 . 0 25 17 . 13 17 23 10 75 . 25 33 75 14 25 25 . . 25 75 . . 20 43 . 86 . 14 57 14 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 ¡ ¡urrrirnt pilos um E1 Nigritella r belli can i E1 ¡¡¡rífícarnt dentatum E1 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 x Gymnigitella suaveolens El Anemone baldensis E1 Alchemilla glaucescens E1 Cerastium strictum E1 Betónica alopecuros E1 Alchemilla vulgaris s. str. El Globularia nudicaulis El Acinos alpinus E1 CC Caricetalia curvulae Primula minima E1 Hieracium alpinum El Campanula alpina E1 Festuca vivípara El Carex curvula El NS Nardion strictae Alchemilla flabellata E1 Coeloglossum viride El Luzula exspectata (L. multiflora agg.) El Potentilla erecta E1 Pseudorchis albida E1 Festuca nigrscens E1 Antennaria dioica E1 Luzula alpina El Nardus stricta E1 Gentiana pannonica El Arnica montana E1 Campanula barbata E1 Festuca ovina agg. El Carex pallescens E1 JT Juncetea trifidi, Festucion variae Campanula scheuchzeri E1 Leontodon helveticus El Euphrasia minima (inc. E. pulchella) El Agrostis rupestris E1 13 31 13 6 6 6 14 24 . 10 10 10 . 10 . 14 21 13 14 . 14 14 17 . 14 . 14 10 29 14 25 17 13 50 . . 13 20 10 25 67 63 13 20 14 11 29 10 . 20 25 20 . 42 23 20 25 13 14 25 14 . 3 14 10 29 10 14 10 6 25 20 14 . 8 13 16 . 6 7 14 . 3 . 3 . . 8. 17 44 38 22 29 41 . 3..... . 29 20 50 88 57 50 55 50 36 70 100 50 . 67 88 . 10 25 14 43 6 17 . 10 29 . 14 . 40 70 50 43 43 29 92 41 40 57 . . 17 . . 10 . 13 . 21 10 17 5 . 29 . . 33 . 14 14 20 20 20 8 13 6 . 6 3 . 29 30 20 25 29 29 45 17 32 10 14 . . 17 . 3 ....... 10 10 13 29 7 3 8 45 10 . 25 . 50 25 . . 3...........7.......17 13 .. 20 . 3................14....... ............ 14 14 10 . . . 29 25 . 83 88 . .............. 3 17 . . 14 25 . 17 13 . ............. 7 .... 29 ....... ............. 7 . . . 14 25 ..... 20 ..............3........... ...................25...... .........................20 .........................20 20 40 20 . 14 13 14 O ffi p O •g rt> <-h Mi • to o VD I P- ^ , TO X I a o ! r g' Rf 4 £ O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) mcocs 000 (N lA fO lA M rs rs 00 cs -nP rs rs rs rs -nF-NF-NF-NF cf> cf> cf> co vd m tqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtqtq ^ I S ® s a & ^ c, m U ^ i-i^ H f^ C^ Kj ^ ^ Is fe a ^ -i -s i I ¿3 33 15 3 £ IT Mi-Is * £ s s al a ^ a <5 ~ 5 « a fc « S -3 J? £ Is ^ to -is a 5 f^ J £ C5 fi 3 > u c p; E- 144 PS Wl Festuca nítida El 43 Gypsophila repens El 29 Saxífraga aizoides El 29 Heliosperma alpestre El Armería alpina El Poa minor El Saxífraga oppositifolia El Athamanta cretensis El Biscutella laevigata El Saxífraga caesia El Festuca laxa El Cerastium carinthiacum El Dianthus sternbergii El Hieracium bifidum El Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa El Achillea afrata El Alyssum ovirense El Hutchinsia alpina El Minuartia austriaca El Rumex scutatus El Saxífraga sedoides El Taraxacum alpinum El Leontodon hispidus susbp. hyoseroides El Aquilegia einseleana El Sedum atratum El Moehringia ciliata El Rhodiola rosea El Arabis alpina El Pimpinella alpina El Pftytettmato-Saxifragion petraeae Saxifaga crustata El 100 Potentilla nitidd El 71 Saxífraga squarrosa El 57 Campanula zoysii El 43 Paederota lutea El 43 Bupleurum petraeum El 14 Saxífraga tenella El 14 Paederota bonarota El Silene hayekiana El 20 20 20 20 14 6 14 6 11 3 19 . 14 13 11 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 6 6 6 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 44 67 18 18 6 18 24 6 14 . 57 20 29 . 50 14 14 13 3 13 3 10 20 10 14 25 25 50 14 . 14 14 . 14 . 29 20 10 14 10 10 10 50 . 13 17 38 25 25 38 13 14 13 25 10 13 14 14 13 29 . 10 14 . 14 . 14 10 13 13 14 10 42 50 29 33 19 28 . 18 21 . 17 19 3 11 24 48 29 56 38 25 67 53 48 14 12 14 43 10 14 . 14 . . 14 . 13 14 7 18 10 9 10 . 20 13 29 14 20 86 43 29 43 29 29 O ffi p o •§ o> <-h Mi • to o htK VD I P- ^ , TO X I a o ! r g ¡? i £ 2 % 4 £ O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) r-^-Np-Np -nP-NPC^ coc^m cOrOrO tqtqtqtqtqtqtq ill s iflHi"! 3 r« is rC ^ u ¿i fi^ q ^ ^ ^ c^ ^ q n. -s ie £ O faq ^ § s J2 s § J tl <8 a , era X I S o ! r g ¡? 4 £ 3 10 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 10 29 20 14 13 20 20 20 20 O ffi p o •i O» <-h Mi • to o VD I Achiüeo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Vaccinium gaultherioides Achiüeo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Carex firma Achiüeo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. typica Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietumgaidtherioidis Dryadetum octopetalae var. Vaccinmm vitis-idaea Dryadetum octopetalae var. Daphne striata Pukatilh vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae ericetosum carneae Pukatilh vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae vaccinietosum Dryadetum octopetalae var. Carex sempervirerns Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Salix retusa Empetro-Vaccinietum gaidtherioidis rhododendretosum hirsuti Empetro-Arctostapyletum alpinae nom. prov. Saxífrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris Igor Dakskobler Boštjan Surina 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 ID BS TW ToneWraber p- ^ > era x I a o í r g' ¡? S. £ 2 % 4 £ Cladonía arbuscula E0 Cladoníafurcata E0 Cladonia sp. E0 Drepanocladus sp. E0 Cetraria nivalis E0 Polytrichum sp. E0 Cetrelia cetrarioides E0 Cladina stellarís E0 Cladonía pyxídata E0 Peltigera leucophlebia E0 Cladina arbuscula E0 Orthothecium rufescens E0 Plagiothecium denticulatum E0 Pleurozium schreberi E0 Polytrichumformosum E0 Racomitrium lanuginosum E0 Cladonia arbuscula subsp. arbuscula E0 Cladonía rangiferina E0 Legend — Legenda 1 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Ranunculus hybridus 1 Gentiano terglouetisis-Caricetum firmae var. Potentilla nitida 3 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. typica 4 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. typica subvar. Leontopodium alpinum 5 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Dryas octopetala 6 Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryedetum octopetalae var. Saxífraga crustata 7 Saxifago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Carex firma 8 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Oxytropis neglecta 9 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Potentilla clusiana 10 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Dryas octopetala 11 Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryedetum octopetalae var. Gentianapumila 12 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Primula halleri 13 Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaidtherioidis var. Gentiana pumila 14 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Homogyne discolor 15 Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum procumbentis caricetosum firmae 16 Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaidtherioidis var. Rhodothamnus chamaecistus VD O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Table 8: Groups of diagnostic species in alpine swards and heathlands in the Julian Alps (relative frequencies). Tabela 8: Skupine diagnostičnih vrst v alpinskih tratah v Julijskih Alpah (relativne frekvence). ¡Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 7 5 36 16 32 9 17 29 7 7 10 d3 n Jf a qi o dor sc os ty Ë n ro c a d M o y U U tC U sD sC U U U sD Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) Gt Gt Gt Gt C/3 CO CO C/3 C/3 Gt on Caricion firmae 24.2 28 25.8 30.7 31.0 33.5 23.0 39.6 40.1 21.1 24.8 Oxytropido-Elynion 0.6 2 0.5 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.0 2.9 3.5 2.9 6.7 Caricion austroalpinae 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.7 0.8 0 3.5 0.4 0.7 2.4 0 Caricion ferrugineae 1.1 2 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 2.1 3.8 2.9 Seslerietalia coeruleae 12.9 8 7.1 10.4 9.7 8.4 14.3 6.8 6.3 6.2 4.6 Elyno-Seslerietea 18.0 17.3 21.6 26.9 22.7 19.9 25.4 16.7 16.9 20.6 17.2 Caricetalia curvulae 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 Nardion strictae 0 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 0 0.3 0.2 0 0.1 1.7 Juncetea trifidi 1.1 2.7 1.3 2.1 3.1 1.0 1.5 3.3 0.7 1.4 4.2 Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea 0 0 2.0 2.6 4.2 2.6 0.8 0.6 0 0.1 3.8 Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) 2.2 5.3 3.8 3.1 2.6 4.7 0 3.5 0.7 12.4 13.9 Thlaspietea rotundifolii 6.2 6 6.4 2.4 1.6 5.2 5.6 2.9 4.2 7.7 3.4 Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae 13.5 6.7 4.4 2.8 2.8 3.7 4.8 7.1 2.8 1.9 0.4 Potentiletallia caulescentis 9.0 9.3 5.6 3.1 3.4 5.2 8.6 6.1 11.3 4.3 1.3 Asplenietea trichomanis 1.1 2 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.3 2.7 0 2.9 3.4 Caricetalia davallianae 2.8 2.7 3.5 2.6 3.7 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.4 2.9 2.9 Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia 0 1.3 1.6 0 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.9 5.6 1.9 1.7 Festuco-Brometea 0 0 1.3 0.5 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 Betulo-Alnetea, Mulgedio-Aconitetea 3.4 1.3 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.4 Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae 1.7 0 5.9 2.8 3.9 2.1 4.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.3 Erico-Pinetea 1.1 0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0 1.3 0.2 0 0 0 Vaccinio-Piceetea 0 0 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.0 0 0.2 0 1.9 3.4 Querco-Fagetea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other species (Druge vrste) 0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.4 0 0 0.8 Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) 0 3.3 2.6 0.9 2.3 3.1 2.1 2.3 1.4 2.4 1.3 Total (Skupaj) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Ranunculus hybridus 2 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Potentilla nitida 3 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. typica 4 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. typica subvar. Leontopodium alpinum 5 Saussureopygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Dryas octopetala 6 Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryedetum octopetalae var. Saxifraga crustata 7 Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Carex firma 8 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Oxytropis neglecta 9 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Potentilla clusiana 10 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Dryas octopetala 11 Seslerio sphaerocephalae-Dryedetum octopetalae var. Gentianapumila 12 Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae var. Primula halleri 13 Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis var. Gentiana pumila 14 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Homogyne discolor 15 Homogyno discoloris-Loiseleurietum procumbentis caricetosum firmae 150 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 8 7 14 30 12 22 10 7 4 4 6 8 8 7 5 5 7 GtCfph HdVggp SpCrhd HdLpcf HdVgrc AcEmvg AcEmcf AcEmty HaVg Dovv Dods PvDova PvDoec Docs SpCrsr EhVg EhAa SsCmds 20.5 23.1 26.0 14.7 12.9 12.5 22.7 21.6 7.3 14.1 15.6 8.4 7.9 22.2 22.3 4.3 19.4 11.1 1.7 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.4 9.1 7.6 9.0 3.9 3.0 0 1.6 0 0.8 7.1 1.1 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.5 0 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.8 2.0 2.8 1.0 5.5 2.6 6.5 2.4 0 2.1 0 5.3 1.7 3.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.8 3.3 2.2 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.9 1.1 0 0.6 10.6 5.2 6.1 4.7 7.3 9.9 8.4 9.4 7.3 8.1 11.9 8.9 8.3 5.6 6.3 2.1 7.8 11.7 31.4 30.2 32.1 22.0 25.8 22.1 26.4 18.8 21.3 27.3 45.0 26.7 33.1 24.6 15.2 10.6 21.4 22.2 0 0 0 0.5 0.4 0 0 0.4 1.7 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 2.1 0 0 1.3 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.7 1.6 4.5 5.1 0 5.8 4.0 0 0 4.3 0.1 0 5.9 9.0 6.1 9.6 5.5 10.2 6.4 8.6 17.4 3.0 0 10.5 7.6 2.4 2.7 5.3 0.1 0 2.6 6.1 3.6 10.4 7.2 4.4 1.8 1.2 5.1 6.1 0.9 5.2 4.0 1.6 7.1 14.9 10.7 0.6 6.3 6.1 5.6 7.8 5.9 6.5 8.5 5.7 5.6 5.1 0.9 5.2 2.2 7.1 7.1 3.2 1.9 0.6 3.0 2.4 2.0 0.8 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.0 0 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.1 12.7 4.5 0 0.1 1.8 1.3 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 11.1 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.3 3.7 0 2.0 1.8 0 0 4.8 0.9 0 0 14.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.3 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 0 0 0 1.2 4.0 3.8 1.5 2.3 3.1 4.2 1.9 2.4 2.2 5.1 1.8 4.7 3.2 4.0 8.0 0 0.1 1.2 3.3 0.9 2.0 3.3 3.2 5.5 3.1 3.7 3.9 2.0 1.8 6.8 4.0 0.8 1.8 0 0.1 0.6 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.7 0 1.1 0 0 0 0 5.3 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 2.0 0 0.5 0 0.8 5.4 4.3 0.1 0.6 0.3 0 0.5 2.6 3.5 1.6 0.2 0 0 3.0 6.4 1.0 8.3 2.4 0.9 7.4 10.7 4.7 0.3 0 2.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0 1.7 0 1.8 3.1 1.8 0 0 2.1 0 1.8 0.1 0.5 0.5 6.5 4.9 1.6 0.2 0 9.0 8.1 0 6.3 3.2 3.2 3.6 22.3 14.6 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 0 0 0.7 0.5 0 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.2 0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0 0 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 2.9 4.2 0.8 1.3 2.4 2.2 0 0.9 0.5 4.0 1.6 4.5 11.7 5.8 4.1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 16 Homogyno discoloris-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis var. Rhodothamnus chamaecistus 17 Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Vaccinium gaultherioides 18 Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Carex firma 19 Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. typica 20 Homogyno alpinae-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis 21 Dryadetum octopetalae var. Vaccinium vitis-idaea 22 Dryadetum octopetalae var. Daphne striata 23 Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae ericetosum carneae 24 Pulsatillo vernalis-Dryadetum octopetalae vaccinietosum 25 Dryadetum octopetalae var. Carex sempervirerns 26 Saussureo pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Salix retusa 27 Empetro-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis rhododendretosum hirsuti 28 Empetro-Arctostapyletum alpinae nom. prov. 29 Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris 151 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Appendix 1: Synthetic table of communities with dominant Carex mucronata. Priloga 1: Sintezna tabela združb s prevladujočo vrsto Carex mucronata. I Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 7 10 7 17 13 7 3 3 25 5 20 6 10 Author (Avtor) DDG Q IDBS IDTW P P EA rn B B B PEg Ž P BSTW R C P J Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) CmA PcCm SasCmds SasCmty Cfcm - Pig. GtCfcm Cfcm-BB Cfcm-BB-RA Cfcm Cfcm-Dach ScsCm CmI GhCm CFir Caricion firmae Carex firma E1 43 30 14 76 92 100 100 67 72 20 45 Crepis jacquinii E1 43 100 33 60 Dryas octopetala E1 43 20 14 47 31 86 100 100 60 20 35 Helianthemum alpestre E1 43 20 100 82 100 100 67 100 44 100 75 50 Ranunculus hybridus E1 43 71 53 46 29 10 Minuartia sedoides E1 29 6 15 43 Pedicularis rosea E1 29 24 39 Silene acaulis E1 29 29 85 40 Oxytropis neglecta E1 29 12 Salix alpina E1 14 31 Sesleria sphaerocephala E1 65 62 71 Phyteuma sieberi E1 35 31 29 Chamorchis alpina E1 29 14 Saussurea pygmaea E1 24 14 Crepis kerneri E1 12 14 24 40 Festuca quadriflora E1 12 39 67 33 24 80 15 Carex rupestris E1 15 33 5 Gentiana terglouensis E1 8 Primula wulfeniana Gentiana froelichii E1 E1 43 14 OE Oxytropido-Elynion Gentiana nivalis E1 14 12 Erigeron uniflorus E1 6 23 Festuca intercedens E1 6 Elyna myosuroides E1 46 33 Arenaria ciliata E1 33 CA Caricion austroalpinae Carduus crassifolius E1 14 10 14 10 Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 30 29 12 10 Arabis vochinensis E1 12 43 Festuca calva E1 14 Koeleria eriostachya E1 43 41 45 Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina E1 14 6 5 Senecio abrotanifolius E1 14 31 40 Trifolium noricum E1 Trinia carniolica E1 12 5 Euphorbia variabilis E1 50 Centaurea rhaetica E1 33 152 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 CF Caricion ferrugineae Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 43 29 35 62 29 32 100 Pulsatilla alpina subsp. alpina E1 14 Cerastium subtriflorum E1 14 Gentiana pumila E1 6 SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Carex mucronata E1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Trisetum alpestre E1 100 6 14 Achillea clavennae E1 43 10 71 29 8 40 65 Galium anisophyllum E1 43 29 12 80 10 Gentiana clusii E1 43 40 57 88 46 100 100 33 60 20 45 100 90 Festuca brachystachys subsp. pallidula E1 29 Thesium alpinum E1 29 14 6 4 10 Juncus monanthos E1 14 12 Leucanthemum atratum E1 14 Minuartia gerardii E1 14 46 29 33 33 20 Oxytropis jacquinii (O. montana) E1 14 Sauusurea discolor E1 14 Leontopodium alpinum E1 20 29 65 62 33 33 75 Erigeron glabratus E1 14 12 12 10 Androsace villosa E1 6 25 Gentiana orbicularis E1 6 Potentilla crantzii E1 6 Leucanthemum heterophyllum E1 10 17 70 Ranunculus carinthiacus E1 10 Carex baldensis E1 100 SJ Seslerietalia tenuifoliae Edraianthus graminifolius Scabiosa silenifolia Gentianella liburnica Thymus balcanus Genista holopetala E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 20 50 65 5 5 90 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Linum alpinum (in. L. julicum) E1 100 18 10 Globularia cordifolia E1 71 90 86 41 46 57 33 33 52 25 67 100 Carduus defloratus E1 43 17 Euphrasia salisburgensis E1 43 86 12 71 67 68 40 5 67 10 Scabiosa lucida E1 43 Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus E1 43 40 14 29 39 57 40 Acinos alpinus E1 29 14 4 Anthyllis vulneraria (inc. subsp. alpestris) E1 29 40 43 76 77 29 100 33 32 40 30 33 100 Betonica alopecuros Carex sempervirens E1 E1 29 29 20 18 33 8 50 Hieracium villosum E1 29 60 29 6 33 20 35 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 29 14 16 15 Sesleria caerulea E1 29 100 100 88 62 86 100 100 92 100 100 100 Aster bellidiastrum E1 14 29 53 62 14 20 30 Hieracium glabratum E1 14 Polygonum viviparum E1 14 29 53 54 29 33 16 Ranunculus montanus agg. E1 14 153 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) NS JT LV AC TR Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) Rhinanthus glacialis El Polygala alpestris El Alchemilla alpigena El Agrostis alpina El Bartsia alpina El Daphne striata El Gentianella anisodonta El Hieracium pilosum El Gentiana verna El Aster alpinus El Selaginella selaginoides El Homogyne discolor El Pedicularis verticillata El Astrantia bavarica El Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra El Globularia nudicaulis El Horminium pyrenaicum El Androsace chamaejasme El Gentianella aspera El Myosotis alpestris El Laserpitium nitidum El Seneciio doronicum El Nardion strictae Coeloglossum viride El Gentianella campestris El Antennaria dioica El Juncetea trifidi Euphrasia minima El Campanula scheuchzeri El Veronica fruticans El Botrychium lunaria El Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Juniperus sibirica El Arctostaphylos alpina El Arabidetalia caeruleae Trifolium pallescens El Ranunculus traunfellneri El Salix serpillifolia El Soldanella minima El Salix retusa El Ranunculus alpestris El Thlaspietea rotundifolii Gypsophila repens El Heliosperma alpestre El Athamanta cretensis El Biscutella laevigata El Saxifraga caesia El Galium meliodorum El Dianthus sternbergii El Galium truniacum El l4 . 14 lG l4 l4 43 43 43 43 43 29 29 l4 35 . l4 35 23 . 24 54 29 24 24 l8 l2 l2 6 6 29 6 lG l4 . . . 18 l4 29 l8 . . 18 . l4 l8 46 24 3l 6 43 l4 3l 15 l4 29 3l 7l 33 33 . 12 40 1GG 44 . 12 .4 .8 67 8 4G 52 . 33 . .. 4 .. 4 . . 2G 4G lG 100 lG 33 . 17 5G 4G 5G 2G 2G . . 15 6G 6G 25 . . 4 . 67 100 24 40 2G l7 4 4 6 l 2 3 5 7 8 9 lG l2 l3 6 5 6 8 5 5 154 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) I Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pimpinella alpina E1 14 Cerastium carinthiacum E1 14 Hieracium glaucum E1 14 Linaria alpina E1 14 Poa minor E1 14 Hladnikia pastinacifolia E1 40 50 Aquilegia iulia E1 10 Hieracium bifidum E1 10 Petrocallis pyrenaica E1 29 Aquilegia einseleana E1 6 Armeria alpina E1 6 Leontodon hispidus susbp. hyoseroides E1 6 Achillea oxyloba E1 39 Saxifraga aizoides E1 14 33 Sedum atratum E1 14 33 33 Trisetum argenteum E1 40 Euphorbia triflora E1 100 Viola pinnata E1 10 Festuca spectabilis subsp. carniolica E1 10 PS Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Phyteuma scheuchzeri subsp. columnae E1 50 50 10 Primula carniolica E1 50 Saxifraga squarrosa E1 20 43 53 15 Bupleurum petraeum E1 20 29 Paederota lutea E1 20 43 10 Saxifraga crustata Silene hayekiana E1 E1 20 10 86 29 18 8 29 Campanula zoysii E1 29 12 Artemisia nitida E1 14 Potentilla nitida E1 24 Paederota bonarota E1 12 15 Arabis scopoliana E1 35 Campanula justiniana E1 10 Telekia speciosissima E1 83 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Primula auricula E1 100 50 100 47 33 84 20 Campanula cochleariifolia E1 43 29 35 57 67 52 100 50 Kernera saxatilis E1 43 30 62 33 4 80 5 Valeriana saxatilis E1 43 70 29 65 57 33 36 20 Campanula cespitosa E1 29 80 14 15 30 Potentilla clusiana E1 29 10 14 24 40 Androsace lactea E1 14 Draba stellata E1 14 Hieracium porrifolium E1 14 50 90 Minuartia langii E1 14 Potentilla caulescens E1 20 Daphne alpina Rhamnus pumilus E1 E1 10 10 Dianthus sylvestris E1 86 12 8 14 Festuca stenantha E1 57 155 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Erysimum sylvestre El 14 Eritrichium nanum El 6 . . Festuca alpina El 6 . . Saxífraga burseriana El 6 . . Draba aizoides El 33 33 . . Hieracium scorzonerifolium El . . 16 . Hieracium bupleuroides El . . 4 . S AT Asplenietea trichomanis Jovibarba hirta El 14 Sedum album El l0 Asplenium ruta-muraria El l0 l4 . . 4 . S Saxifraga paniculata El l4 6 . . . . 4 . Asplenium viride El S Carex brachystachys El S CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El 14 Parnassia palustris El 14 l4 l2 . . 20 Pinguicula alpina El 14 6 23 . . . 4 . 30 Tofieldia calyculata El 20 . . 4 . S l0 Gentiana utriculosa El l4 6 . . . . 44 . S l0 Mo Molinion Inula salicina El 67 Gladiolus palustris El 33 Molinia caerulea El 33 60 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Leontodon hispidus El 29 6 . . . . . 20 l7 Lotus corniculatus El 29 40 . . 16 . Poa alpina El 29 l4 . . 29 . . 4 . Euphrasia picta El 6 . . SS Saturejion subspicatae Stipa pennata El 33 Centaurea rupestris El l00 Echinops ritro subsp. ruthenicus El l00 Euphrasia illyrica El 90 Genista sylvestris El 90 Satureja subspicata subsp. liburnica El 90 Linum narborense El 80 Ruta divaricata El 80 Plantago argentea subsp. liburnica El 40 Scorzonera austriaca El 40 Campanula marchesettii El 30 Genista sericea El 30 Plantago holosteum El l0 Potentilla tommasiana El l0 FB Festuco-Brometea Helianthemum nummularium s. lat. El 43 l0 Í7 6 . . . . 12 . l00 Hippocrepis comosa El 43 l4 . . 4 . Linum catharticum El 43 20 43 . . 24 . l7 60 Gentianella austriaca El 43 Buphthalmum salicifolium El 29 l0 l7 20 1S6 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) I Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Carlina acaulis E1 14 . 4 . . 17 70 Helictotrichon praeustum Hieracium pilosella E1 E1 14 14 29 Teucrium montanum E1 50 83 100 Coronilla vaginalis E1 10 33 50 Bromopsis transsilvanica Koeleria pyramidata E1 E1 29 14 20 Gymnadenia conopsea E1 12 . . ... 5 50 40 Gentianella ciliata E1 6 . . ... 5 20 Carex humilis E1 . . 29 67 90 Prunella grandiflora E1 . . . 10 17 50 Thesium linophyllon E1 ... 5 Stachys recta (inc. S. subcrenata) E1 17 10 Scabiosa graminifolia E1 100 50 Scabiosa columbaria Gentianella germnaica E1 E1 83 67 Peucedanum oreoselinum E1 50 70 Campanula rotundifolia E1 33 Centaurium erythrea E1 33 Fumana procumbens E1 33 Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum E1 33 Bupleurum ranunculoides E1 17 10 Galium purpureum E1 17 Polygala nicaeensis E1 17 50 Prunella laciniata E1 17 Teucrium chamaedrys E1 17 Trinia glauca E1 17 Anthyllis jacquinii E1 90 Inula ensifolia E1 90 Asperula cynanchica E1 80 Campanula glomerata E1 60 Inula hirta E1 50 Linum tenuifolium E1 50 Galium lucidum E1 40 Gentiana tergestina E1 40 Bromopsis erecta E1 30 Dorycnium germanicum E1 30 Knautia fleischmannii E1 20 Ophrys insectifera E1 20 Centaurea triumfettii E1 10 Seseli austriacum E1 10 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Anthericum ramosum E1 14 33 70 Laserpitium latifolium E1 14 Laserpitium siler E1 14 17 20 Polygonatum odoratum E1 10 70 Viola hirta E1 10 Thalictrum minus E1 17 30 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria E1 17 Thesium bavarum E1 17 157 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) I Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bupleurum falcatum susbp. cernuum E1 20 RP Rhamno-Prunetea Juniperus communis E1 20 17 10 Cotoneaster integerrimus E1 5 Frangula rupestris E1 20 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea Salix glabra E1 50 20 Salix waldsteiniana E1 20 Salix appendiculata E1 10 14 15 Viola biflora E1 24 . 10 RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus E1 14 80 43 47 . 14 . . 4 Erica carnea E1 14 30 29 41 39 29 . . 20 80 15 100 100 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi E1 40 14 5 33 Rhododendron hirsutum E1 30 29 6 . 20 40 Pinus mugo E1 80 20 Cytisus emeriflorus E1 83 EP Erico-Pinetea Leontodon incanus E1 14 . . 24 10 90 Allium ericetorum Asperula aristata E1 E1 80 70 29 6 . 18 . 10 33 33 Euphrasia cuspidata E1 50 10 Calamagrostis varia E1 20 25 90 Carex ornithopoda E1 10 Cotoneaster tomentosus E1 10 Epipactis atrorubens E1 10 33 10 Gymnadenia odoratissima E1 10 . . 4 17 10 Polygala chamaebuxus E1 10 . . 8 33 30 Rubus saxatilis E1 10 5 Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus E1 14 Daphne cneorum E1 50 Aster amellus E1 33 Amelanchier ovalis E1 17 20 Chamaecytisus purpureus E1 17 20 Rhamnus saxatilis E1 17 20 Crepis slovenica E1 10 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Larix decidua E1 14 Homogyne alpina E1 14 Maianthemum bifolium E1 10 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae Cyclamen purpurascens E1 10 5 10 Fagus sylvatica E1 10 Festuca altissima E1 5 QP Quercetalia pubescentis Ostrya carpinifolia E1 17 20 Mercurialis ovata E1 30 Clematis recta E1 10 Convallaria majalis E1 10 Sorbus aria E1 10 158 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 QF Querco-Fagetea Quercus petraea Chamaecytisus supinus E1 E1 33 10 O Other species (Druge vrste) Hieracium sp. Thymus sp. Festuca sp. Orobanche sp. (inc. gracilis) E1 E1 E1 E1 14 15 15 5 17 20 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Tortella tortuosa E0 29 60 43 12 62 57 67 . 76 20 Ctenidium molluscum E0 14 14 .4 10 Schistidium apocarpum E0 20 29 6 Dicranum sp. E0 10 Fissidens dubius E0 10 Grimmia pulvinata E0 10 Homalothecium sp. E0 10 Tortella sp. (inc. inclinata) E0 10 14 24 .4 40 Thamnolia vermicularis E0 6 31 29 67 .8 Cladonia pyxidata E0 46 43 20 Cetraria islandica E0 31 14 67 .4 20 Solorina sacata Cetraria juniperina 00 EE 15 14 29 Cetraria nivalis E0 29 Cetraria cucullata E0 14 Cladonia symphycarpa E0 . 60 Distichium capillaceum E0 . 40 10 Hypnum vucheri E0 . 12 Peltigera rufescens E0 .8 Cetraria tilesii E0 .8 Ditrichum flexicaule E0 .4 Tortella sp. E0 40 Orthothecium rufescens E0 5 1 CmA Caricetum mucronatae, Austria, Northeastern Calcareous Alps (Dirnböck et al. 2001, Table 2, column 17) 2 PcCm Caricetum mucronatae var. geogr. Primula carniolica = Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Primula carniolica, NW Dinaric Alps, Trnovski gozd plateau (Dakskobler 2006, Table 4, relevés 1-10) 3 SasCmds Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Dianthus sylvestris, Julian Alps, Karavanke, Kamnik Alps, this article, Table 1, relevés 4-10 4 SasCmty Saxifrago squarrosae-Caricetum mucronatae var. Carex firma, Julian Alps, this article, Table 1, relevés 11-27 5 Cfcm-Pig. Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 2014, Synoptic Association Table 11, column 5) 6 GtCfcm Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae = Gentiano terglouensis-Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Karavanke (Aichinger 1933, Table 26, columns 5-12) 7 Cfcm-BB Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Central Alps (Braun-Blanquet & Jenny 1926, Table 7, columns 1-3) 8 Cfcm-BB-RA Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Raethian Alps (Braun-Blanquet 1969, Table Caricetum firmae, columns 20-22) 9 Cfcm Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Ammergauer Alps (Eggensberger 1994, Table 19, columns 113-127) 10 Cfcm-Dach Caricetum firmae caricetosum mucronatae, Dachstein Alps (Pignatti-Wikus 1959: 100-101, Table Firmetum, column 2) 11 ScsCm Scabioso silenifoliae-Caricetum mucronatae, NW Dinaric Alps, Mt. Snežnik (Surina & T. Wraber 2005, Table 1) 12 Cml Caricetum mucronatae s. lat., Lombard Pre-Alps, N-Italy (Ravazzi 1992 , Table 1, Cariceti xerofili) 13 GhCm Genisto-Caricetum mucronatae, Slovenia, NW Dinaric Alps, Trnovski gozd plateau (Poldini 1978, Table 3) 159 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Appendix 2: Synthetic table of communities with dominant Carex rupestris. Priloga 2: Sintezna tabela združb s prevladujočo vrsto Carex rupestris. Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) Number of relevés (Število popisov) 123456789 10 5 27 32 29 7 77 Author (Avtor) p p P* P* VE T Q Q Q o Q o Q Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) CFir Caricion firmae Carex rupestris El Minuartia sedoides El Sesleria sphaerocephala El Minuartia verna subsp. verna (M. gerardii) El Silene acaulis El Gentiana terglouensis El Carex firma El Dryas octopetala El Phyteuma sieberi El Festuca quadriflora El Helianthemum alpestre El Chamorchis alpina El Oxytropis neglecta El Pedicularis rostratocapitata El Saussurea pygmaea El Primula halleri El Ranunculus hybridus El Salix alpina El Crepis kerneri El Veronica aphylla El OE Oxytropido-Elynion Arenaria ciliata El Minuartia biflora El Erigeron uniflorus El Elyna myosuroides El Lloydia serotina El Draba siliquosa El Gentiana nivalis El Antennaria carpatica El Carex atrata El Saussurea alpina El CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya El Arabis vochinensis El CF Caricion ferrugineae Hedysarum hedysaroides El Gentiana pumila El Pedicularis rostratospicata El CC 8G 8G 6G 2G 4G 2G 2G 8l 8l 52 52 44 37 l9 l9 l5 l5 7 ll 7 3G 4 4 JT ùi rC 4G 4G 2G 8G 8G 2G 8G 6G 8G 8G o dor n ro c rp d rh sr rC Cr rC rC rsC p S p S p S p S p S lGG 100 100 lGG 100 9 24 57 l4 63 86 86 29 l4 l4 l4 22 48 29 7l 29 3 3 97 72 7l lGG 43 lGG 52 57 86 7l 44 l7 86 l4 l4 l3 3l l4 l4 29 5G 83 7l 7l 6 l7 l4 6 45 29 29 44 l4 7l 7l 44 3l 57 86 l4 6 l4 6 43 6 lG l4 57 3 l4 3 7 29 6 l4 l4 6 lG 29 29 l6 l7 29 29 l3 3 4G sC As 3 lG 3 43 l4 l4 l4 29 33 33 67 43 l4 29 33 43 l4 5 3 l l l 7 6 160 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) SV Seslerietalia coeruleae Saxífraga exarata subsp. moschata Leontopodium alpínum Achillea clavennae Erigeron neglectus Carex mucronata Galium anisophyllum Festuca norica Gentiana clusii Erigeron glabratus Potentilla crantzii Androsace villosa Nigritella hygrophila Astragalus australis Ranunculus carinthiacus Nigritella bicolor Nigritella rubra Nigritella widderi Saussurea discolor SJ Seslerietalia tenuifoliae Edraianthus graminifolius ES Elyno-Seslerietea E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 15 80 80 40 20 20 20 Polygonum viviparum E1 20 59 80 72 Agrostis alpina E1 . . 80 41 Carex sempervirens E1 . . 80 9 Ranunculus montanus E1 . . 80 Sesleria caerulea E1 . . 80 59 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris E1 . . 60 41 Aster alpinus E1 . . 40 3 Anemone baldensis E1 . . 20 Gentiana verna E1 . . 20 Hieracium villosum E1 . . 20 Polygala alpestris E1 . . 20 Aster bellidiastrum E1 41 Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus E1 34 Selaginella selaginoides E1 34 Homogyne discolor E1 31 Astrantia bavarica E1 25 Gentianella anisodonta E1 22 Bartsia alpina E1 19 Alchemilla exigua E1 6 Euphrasia salisburgensis E1 6 Anemone narcissiflora E1 3 Hieracium pilosum E1 3 Linum alpinum subsp. julicum E1 3 Nigritella rhellicani E1 3 Pedicularis verticillata E1 Alchemilla glaucescens E1 Globularia cordifolia E1 Cerastium strictum E1 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 90 65 34 14 29 17 17 10 10 4 5 6 7 41 48 29 28 10 14 9 6 3 14 75 31 43 57 16 29 14 13 10 29 14 3 14 3 7 3 14 14 14 86 43 43 29 29 14 29 14 29 29 71 86 57 71 43 29 57 43 14 14 14 43 14 67 100 33 33 33 100 86 14 29 100 71 57 100 57 33 14 14 14 33 29 14 29 14 1 2 3 8 9 10 1 3 - 161 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Androsace chamaejasme E1 . . + Myosotis alpestris E1 . . + Viola alpina E1 .. + CC Caricetalia curvulae Veronica bellidioides E1 20 Primula minima E1 3 14 14 . . NS Nardion strictae Antennaria dioica E1 20 Festuca nigrescens E1 20 14 Coeloglossum viride E1 6 29 Luzula exspectata E1 29 JT Juncetea trifidi, Festucion variae Helictotrichon versicolor E1 20 Phyteuma hemispahericum E1 20 Euphrasia minima E1 38 41 14 43 14 . . Campanula scheuchzeri E1 16 7 57 Leontodon helveticus E1 3 14 Potentilla aurea E1 3 29 14 . . Botrychium lunaria E1 3 FV Carex fuliginosa E1 3 .. + Luzula spicata E1 3 14 Anthoxanthum nipponicum E1 14 Agrostis rupestris E1 14 . . Valeriana celtica E1 .. 2 LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Arctostaphylos alpina E1 47 14 43 . . Vaccinium gaultherioides E1 34 7 71 57 . . Loiseleuria procumbens E1 3 14 14 . . Juniperus sibirica E1 3 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Salicetea herbaceae) Salix serpyllifolia E1 . 63 40 17 Draba hoppeana E1 . 15 Cerastium uniflorum E1 . 4 Carex parviflora E1 . 4 7 14 Salix retusa E1 .4 19 17 14 14 86 . 1 Doronicum glaciale E1 .4 3 7 Ranunculus alpestris E1 20 3 Soldanella alpina E1 13 57 Carex ornithopodoides E1 6 Ranunculus traunfellneri E1 6 Salix reticulata E1 3 3 Soldanella minima E1 3 SH Alchemilla fissa E1 3 14 Galium noricum E1 57 14 . + Saxifraga androsacea E1 14 . . Doronicum clusii E1 .. + TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Saxifraga caesia E1 . 30 20 3 3 Saxifraga oppositifolia E1 20 15 3 3 14 Saxifraga facchinii E1 . 15 Saxifraga sedoides E1 . 11 3 14 . . 162 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49—171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) I Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Petrocallis pyrenaica El 7 3 28 29 29 0 i Moehringia ciliata El 4 Athamantha cretensis El 60 Biscutella laevigata El 60 3 Armeria alpina El 6 i Festuca nitida El 3 Heliosperma alpestre El 3 Poa minor El 3 7 l4 l4 Saxifraga aizoides El 3 l4 l4 Gypsophila repens El 3 l4 Rhodiola rosea El 29 Trisetum argenteum El l00 PS Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Androsace hausmannii El 80 Androsace helvetica El 20 4 Potentilla nitida El 20 48 60 3 48 29 l4 Saxifraga squarrosa El 20 26 22 48 l4 l4 Paederota bonarota El 20 Campanula zoysii El l4 Arabis scopoliana El l00 PC Potentilletalia caulescentis Festuca alpina El 80 l9 l6 l0 l4 l4 Minuartia cherlerioides El 60 26 Eritrichium nanum El 22 l4 29 Draba tomentosa El 7 Sedum atratum El 4 29 Saxifraga crustata El 28 2l l4 Primula auricula El l9 l4 l4 l4 Campanula cochleariifolia El l3 24 43 67 Potentilla clusiana El 9 7 86 Valeriana saxatilis El 6 3 43 Arabis bellidifolia subsp. stellulata El 3 Dianthus sylvestris El 3 7 Saxifraga burseriana El l4 Draba aizoides El 7 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Draba dubia El l00 33 3 Saxifraga paniculata El ll 20 l6 4l l4 Silene rupestris El 20 CD Caricetalia davallianae Carex capillaris El 40 l9 7 29 l4 57 Parnassia palustris El 20 l9 l4 29 Pinguicula alpina El l9 l4 29 Tofieldia calyculata El l6 l4 Gentiana utriculosa El 3 3 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Poa alpina El 4 20 6 l4 l00 l4 33 i Leontodon hispidus El 9 57 Euphrasia picta El l4 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea Viola biflora El 22 l4 l4 l4 86 i l63 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus Rhododendron hirsutum Erica carnea Pinus mugo EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda Chamaecytisus hirsutus VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Vaccinium vitis-idaea Huperzia selago Vaccinium myrtillus Homogyne alpina O Other species (Druge vrste) Minuartia sp. Festuca sp. Euphrasia sp. ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lisaji) Tortella tortuosa Solorina crocea Cetraria nivalis Thamnolia vermicularis Cetraria islandica Cladonia pyxidata Schistidium apocarpum Cetraria cucullata Cladonia convoluta Squamarina gypsacea Toninia coeruleonigricans Bryum inclinatum Cirriphyllum cirrhosum Cetraria tilesii Tortella sp. Ctenidium molluscum Dicranum scoparium Polytrichum alpinum Dicranum sp. Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus El El El El El El El El El El El El El EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG EG 2G 2G 1 Cr-Do Caricetum rupestris var. Androsace hausmanii, South Tyrol Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 1985, Table 1, relevés 1—5) 2 Cr-DoJA Do Caricetum rupestris var. typica, South Tyrol Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 1985, Table 1, relevés 6—29) and 3 relevés from the Julian Alps. 3 Cr-JT Caricetum rupestris, South Tyrol Dolomites, Eggentaler Alm (Vorhauser & Erschbamer 2000, Table 1, column 1) 4 SpCrdo Saussureao pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Dryas octopetala, Julian Alps, Karavanke 5 SpCron Saussureao pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Oxytropis neglecta, Julian Alps 6 SpCrpc Saussureao pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Potentilla clusiana, Julian Alps 7 SpCrhd Saussureao pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Homogyne discolor, Julian Alps 8 SpCrsr Saussureao pygmaeae-Caricetum rupestris var. Salix retusa, Julian Alps, Karavanke 9 AsCr Arabido scopolianae-Caricetum rupestris, Snežnik (T. Wraber, in litt.) 10 Caricetum rupestris, Hochschwab, Styria, Austria (Dirnböck et al. 1999: 138), one relevé. 4 6 l 2 3 S 7 8 9 1G 117 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Appendix 3: Synthetic table of communities with dominant Elyna myosuroides. Priloga 3: Sintezna tabela združb s prevladujočo vrsto Elyna my Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) Number of relevés (Število popisov) 12 Author (Avtor) IDTW mv a: c Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov) OE Oxytropido-Elynion Elyna myosuroides E1 100 Erigeron uniflorus E1 58 Carex atrata E1 50 Antennaria carpatica E1 42 Gentiana nivalis E1 25 Lloydia serotina E1 17 Festuca sp. E1 8 . Arenaria ciliata E1 . 18 Gentiana tenella E1 Gentiana prostrata E1 Carex curvula subsp. rosea E1 Saussurea alpina E1 Draba siliquosa E1 Cerastium alpinum E1 Dianthus glacialis E1 Minuartia biflora E1 Oxytropis laponica E1 Taraxacum reichenbachii E1 CFir Caricion firmae 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 22 10 18 18 12 15 10 16 5 4 15 5 ID IDTW GO PP GO GO BBJ AL PEg AL PH Ph PH AL f c mc tt mt > o g n in si o pa f cfv A lm E c E c Q HJ Q pa s vl s vv sr v h cA cA E Hj tí tí tí Es tí Es Ev Es Et E 100 100 100 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 27 10 39 44 58 52 92 43 25 53 80 5 40 11 42 75 50 32 20 67 67 39 67 75 7 69 80 18 10 11 44 36 18 75 40 60 100 73 14 20 11 22 50 20 80 100 27 20 20 28 17 11 6 39 46 39 28 83 58 8 83 50 33 8 8 8 47 67 100 6 20 60 40 13 25 27 20 Dryas octopetala E1 67 91 70 67 33 67 21 33 13 50 56 60 50 20 20 Silene acaulis E1 67 82 70 72 61 61 88 92 73 10 75 80 25 80 80 Festuca quadriflora E1 50 32 20 67 72 58 100 93 70 94 60 50 93 60 Helianthemum alpestre E1 50 68 80 39 56 22 79 25 88 50 80 50 47 Minuartia sedoides E1 50 45 20 33 22 52 25 67 10 31 20 100 47 40 Oxytropis neglecta E1 33 41 70 22 Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 17 45 39 11 8 11 73 30 94 25 7 Primula halleri E1 17 5 10 11 Sesleria sphaerocephala E1 17 50 20 11 3 12 Carex firma E1 8 64 40 56 22 31 15 25 93 70 25 Chamorchis alpina E1 8 14 10 11 11 3 21 8 20 10 Saussurea pygmaea E1 8 32 40 Cerastium subtriflorum E1 8 Salix alpina E1 8 Phyteuma sieberi E1 27 30 11 9 Carex rupestris E1 18 30 11 6 42 73 83 60 13 20 Minuartia verna subsp. verna (M. gerardi ) E1 9 10 17 67 53 58 75 67 20 25 33 60 Gentiana terglouensis E1 9 3 3 Veronica aphylla E1 5 10 17 50 27 20 Ranunculus hybridus E1 5 CA Caricion austroalpinae Koeleria eriostachya Arabis vochinensis E1 33 14 E1 25 9 50 6 165 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) CF SV Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) Caricion ferrugineae Hedysarum hedysaroides El Gentiana pumila El Pedicularis rostratospicata El Callianthemum coriandrifolium El Astragalus frigidus El Trifolium thalii El Seslerietalia coeruleae 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 1G 11 12 13 14 13 l7 8 S 4S 40 3G 10 39 11 33 3 SG 10 60 100 27 Achillea clavennae El 92 4l 40 S6 3 S2 20 88 Potentilla crantzii El 7S SG 40 6 33 36 7S 7 38 Galium anisophyllum El 33 9 44 44 33 9 42 7 30 Juncus monanthos El 33 l4 10 28 l2 Gentiana clusii El l7 32 20 ll 2S 3 8 40 80 44 Leontopodium alpinum El l7 32 60 28 6l ll 42 67 2S Ranunculus carinthiacus El l7 l8 Erigeron glabratus El 8 23 40 3 3 10 Festuca norica El 8 S 30 Saussurea discolor El 8 S Thesium alpinum El 8 Gentiana orbicularis El S 33 7S Nigritella miniata s. lat. (inc. N. bicolor) El S Astragalus australis El 20 6 3 S8 Oxytropis campestris El SG 28 6 67 87 94 Oxytropis jacquinii El 33 8 82 30 Gentiana engadinensis El 39 Carex mucronata El ll 6 20 Saxifraga adscendens El l7 Saxifraga exarata subsp. moschata El 20 . 2S . 20 100 7S 67 20 . 20 20 40 7 60 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus El 83 40 S6 44 ll 39 47 40 100 100 SG 47 Agrostis alpina El 7S 86 60 S6 72 S8 82 7S 20 SG 44 20 Polygonum viviparum El 7S 82 80 100 94 7S 94 83 73 SG 7S 100 100 87 100 Gentiana anisodonta El 67 20 60 7S S3 Aster bellidiastrum El SG ïî S6 3 7 Pedicularis verticillata El SG 4l 20 28 49 SG Sesleria caerulea El SG 4S 60 72 78 72 94 100 S3 80 94 40 100 73 20 Cerastium strictum El 42 23 20 2S Gentiana verna El 42 27 ll SG 39 49 7S 30 80 100 S3 20 Bartsia alpina El 33 32 20 78 39 3 73 8 20 10 66 100 7S 40 Selaginella selaginoides El 2S 4l 10 72 22 l9 6 SG 10 80 7S 27 Rhinanthus glacialis El l7 Alchemilla exigua El l7 23 10 Euphrasia salisburgensis El l7 9 10 6 33 l9 39 70 Alchemilla vulgaris s. str. El 8 8 Anemone baldensis El 8 S l8 6 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris El 8 36 30 33 44 l4 24 40 Carex sempervirens El 8 23 l7 36 67 l7 26 SG l3 100 100 40 20 Hieracium pilosum El 8 S Hieracium villosum El 8 S 6 24 Myosotis alpestris El 8 23 20 3 l2 40 2S 20 20 Nigritella nigra agg. (inc. N. rhellicani) El 8 10 8 2S 6 7 119 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) l 2 Alchemilla glaucescens El . Homogyne discolor El . SS Astrantia bavarica El . l8 Phyteuma orbiculare El . S Aster alpinus El . Daphne striata El . Ranunculus montanus El . Scabiosa lucida El . Polygala alpestris El . Carduus defloratus El . Alchemilla colorata El . Thalictrum alpinum El . Androsace chamaejasme El . Astragalus alpinus El . Viola calcarata El . Pedicularis oederi El . Gentiana aspera El . Ligusticum mutellina El . Helianthemum nummularium subsp. gran diflorum El . 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1S CC Caricetalia curvulae Festuca vivipara Primula minima Ligusticum mutellinoides Androsace obtusifolia Gentiana brachyphylla Oreochloa disticha Carex curvula subsp. curvula Festuca halleri Hieracium piliferum (H. glanduliferum) Hieracium alpinum Phyteuma globulariifolium excapa NS Nardion strictae JT Antennaria dioica Coeloglossum viride Luzula exspectata (L. multiflora agg.) Gentiana kochiana Gentiana campestris Pulsatilla alpina subsp. apiifolia Juncetea trifidi, Festucion variae El El El El El El El El El El El El El El 2S El l7 El El El El El l7 8 10 10 30 32 4S 22 22 l7 10 S6 l7 20 22 10 10 28 FV Euphrasia minima (inc. E. pulchella) El 92 4l 40 so 39 9 67 40 20 40 Campanula scheuchzeri El so 36 70 l7 69 33 83 47 80 87 l00 l00 73 40 Anthoxanthum nipponicum El 33 l8 3 3 l3 Juncus jacquinii El 33 20 7 . 20 so 27 Juncus trifidus El 33 10 . 100 7S Luzula spicata El 33 32 6 67 80 Agrostis rupestris El l7 s ll l7 . 60 so S3 Leontodon helveticus El l7 10 44 l4 l7 30 7 Carex fuliginosa El 8 9 10 7 7 ll . . . 31 69 60 20 . 3 . . 82 3 S6 8 7 so l7 8 8 8 40 10 10 10 10 20 20 30 30 10 93 39 33 83 l3 . 42 . . 67 . . so . . 33 . . 2S . . 17 . .8. . . 33 8. 8. l7 . 33 . SO 2S 20 40 19 100 100 73 94 100 100 87 l3 100 7S 20 27 l3 47 80 100 40 60 60 l3 80 7S 73 20 80 7S 47 . . . . 20 l3 60 7 3 7 9 120 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) Botrychium lunaria Potentilla aurea Helictotrichon versicolor Phyteuma hemisphericum Erigeron alpinus Veronica bellidioides Pulsatilla vernalis Veronica ffruticans Silene suecica Geum montanum FV LV Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea Vaccinium gaultherioides Arctostaphylos alpinas Juniperus sibirica Loiseleuria procumbens SH Salicetea herbaceae Alchemilla fissa Salix herbacea Arenaria biflora Cardamine alpina DH Drabion hoppeanae Trisetum spicatum Draba fladnizensis Pedicularsi aspleniifolia Sesleria ovata E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 2 3 45 6 7 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 10 17 9 33 . 20 38 27 23 10 56 . 11 25 . 10 25 7 30 50 . 44 39 58 . 30 100 50 20 80 17 . 50 . 6 40 20 92 42 8 AC Arabidetalia caeruleae (inc. Androsacetalia alpinae) TR 36 14 18 17 20 10 94 39 17 18 40 Salix retusa E1 75 45 30 11 Trifolium pallescens E1 42 41 10 Carex parviflora E1 33 68 10 17 Salix reticulata E1 33 20 Salix serpyllifolia E1 17 9 20 39 Galium noricum E1 23 Ranunculus traunfellneri E1 9 Soldanella alpina E1 9 11 Carex ornithopodoides E1 5 10 39 Ranunculus alpestris E1 11 Saxifraga oppositifolia subsp. rud olphiana E1 Sagina procumbens E1 Veronica alpina E1 Saxifraga androsacea E1 Cerastium uniflorum E1 Potentilla brauneana E1 Saxifraga bryoides E1 Thlaspietea rotundifolii Rhodiola rosea E1 42 Heliosperma alpestre E1 25 Petrocallis pyrenaica E1 23 10 Taraxacum alpinum E1 9 50 25 17 8 6 12 8 . 8 . 3 . 3 39 25 11 17 27 12 9 80 25 17 20 7 33 7 13 53 10 20 20 69 7 10 13 30 6 10 19 20 44 100 25 73 73 40 13 17 20 60 . . 47 . . . 7 . . . 7 . 60 100 53 . . 7 60 . . 40 . . 40 . 20 . 75 33 . 50 73 . 100 27 . 25 27 20 . 33 . . 20 . . 13 . . 13 . . 7 . . 7 . . . 100 8 6 7 8 8 168 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) PS Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 23 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Gypsophila repens E1 . 5 20 . . 8 6 7 30 81 . . 7 Saxifraga aizoides E1 . . 10 . . 3 7 10 . 75 13 Festuca nitida E1 . . 10 Achillea oxyloba E1 . . 56 . 3 Saxifraga oppositifolia E1 . . . 11 9 8 47 10 31 . . 40 Athamantha cretensis E1 . . . 3 10 Biscutella laevigata E1 . 12 13 Saxifraga caesia E1 . 3 13 Sedum atratum E1 . 25 81 . . 7 Festuca rupicaprina E1 . 40 Leontodon montanus E1 . 88 Phyteumato-Saxifragion petraeae Saxífraga crustata PC AV AT CD Caricetalia davallianae Parnassia palustris Carex capillaris Pinguicula alpina Gentiana utriculosa Kobresia simpliciuscula Carex nigra Primula farinosa E1 8 18 10 17 Paederota lutea E1 8 Potentilla nitida E1 9 10 . . 3 12 . Saxifraga squarrosa E1 20 . . 3 9 . Potentilletalia caulescentis Primula auricula E1 33 20 . . 11 Dianthus sylvestris E1 8 9 40 . 28 . Festuca alpina E1 14 17 . 6 Eritrichium nanum E1 9 Campanula cochleariifolia E1 5 . . 14 12 . 26 Saxifraga burseriana E1 20 Potentilla clusiana E1 10 Draba aizoides E1 . 50 25 12 50 Minuartia cherlerioides E1 . . 3 Saxifraga mutata E1 7 Asplenietea trichomanis Saxifraga paniculata E1 25 36 50 . . 6 67 17 7 Asplenium viride E1 8 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 67 50 17 23 27 10 40 10 28 11 3 42 11 6 39 3 PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea FB FB Poa alpina Trífolíum repens Leontodon hispidus Euphrasia picta Trollius europaeus Cerastium fontanum Trifolium pratense Lotus corniculatus (inc. L. alpinus) Agrostis capillaris Festuco-Brometea Carex caryophyllea E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 75 42 25 17 17 18 18 5 5 20 10 6 22 14 6 25 8 59 60 56 56 61 36 75 30 50 47 40 27 75 40 60 80 30 20 10 10 40 40 50 75 20 20 6 20 25 27 20 27 53 60 25 67 40 40 . . 100 100 100 80 25 . 100 75 73 3 5 8 8 6 169 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) on Succesive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Silene vulgaris E1 6 MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea, Betulo-Alnetea Viola biflora E1 17 18 10 . 10 Aconitum tauricum E1 47 RE Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus E1 33 5 Rhododendron hirsutum E1 17 EP Erico-Pinetea Carex ornithopoda E1 25 23 7 Carex ericetorum E1 . 67 33 . 92 Viola rupesris E1 . . . . 8 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Homogyne alpina E1 25 33 . 8 9 8 . 30 13 40 . 13 Vaccinium vitis-idaea E1 17 5 44 ... . 100 . Vaccinium myrtillus E1 8 . 10 O Other species (Druge vrste) Alchemilla sp. E1 8 . . . . 17 ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji) Tortella tortuosa E0 8 9 . 44 47 9 75 40 100 . 25 7 Thamnolia vermicularis E0 8 10 . 50 23 . 83 60 30 13 40 . 40 100 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 8 Tortella sp. E0 23 30 Cetraria islandica E0 5 17 56 64 . 100 33 30 63 33 100 Cetraria sp. (inc. C. nivalis) E0 10 6 44 33 49 83 53 . 6 13 Cladonia arbuscula E0 10 Cladonia endiviaaefolia E0 . 22 . . . Cetraria cucullata E0 . 17 39 24 67 7. 40 . 7 Cladonia pyxidata E0 . . 33 3 92 60 . 7 Rhytidium rugosum E0 . . . . 83 20 40 Cetraria juniperina E0 . . . . 58 13 . 25 40 Polytrichum juniperinum E0 . . . . 50 . 10 Pseudostereocaulon procerrimus E0 20 . Alectoria ochroleuca E0 13 . 13 20 Cladonia sp. E0 13 . 6 Distichium capillaceum E0 13 20 Ispterigium pulchellum E0 13 . Abietinella abietina E0 13 . Bryum caespitosum E0 7. Cladonia symphycarpa E0 . 60 Encalypta rhaptocarpa E0 . 20 Dicranum scoparium E0 . 10 20 Cetraria tilesii E0 . 10 Desmatodon latifolius E0 . 10 Hypnum vucheri E0 . 10 Barbula reflexa E0 . 10 Hylocomium pyrenaicum E0 . 10 Sanonia uncinata E0 . 10 Ditrichium flexicaule E0 . 10 Barbilophozia lycopodioides E0 . 10 Comostoma tenella E0 20 Cladonia rangiferina E0 20 O Hacquetia 16/1 • 2017, 49-171 I. Dakskobler & B. Surina Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards and heathlands (pioneer patches) on ridges and peaks in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) 1 AcEmvg Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Vaccinium gaultherioides 2 AcEmcf Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. Carex firma 3 AcEmty Achilleo clavennae-Elynetum myosuroidis var. typica 4 E-FVJ Elynetum myosuroidis, Friuli Venezia Giulia (Oriolo 2001, Table 2) 5 E-Do Elynetum myosuroidis, Dolomites (Pignatti E. & S. 2014, Synoptic Association Table 11, column 8) 6 E-Eng Elynetum myosuroidis, Engadin (Oriolo 2001: column 6 in Table 1) 7 E-Dosin Elynetum myosuroidis, Dolomites (Oriolo 2001, column 7 in Table 1) 8 E-BB Elynetum myosuroidis, Central Alps (Braun-Blanquet & Jenny 1926, table 10, columns 1-12) 9 Esvcf Elynetum myosuroidis seslerietosum variae var. Carex firma (Albrecht 1969, Table 3, columns 1-6, 8-15, 17) 10 E-AmA Elynetum myosuroides, Ammergauer Alps (Eggensberger, 1994, Table 18) 11 Esvlm Elynetum myosuroidis seslerietosum variae var. Leontodon montanus (Albrecht 1969, Table 3, columns 16—33) 12 Evv Elynetum myosuroidis var. Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Hohe Tauern / High Tauern, Sonnblickgebiet, Heiselmayer (2004, Table 2, columns 1-5) 13 Esr Elynetum myosuroidis var. Salix retusa, Hohe Tauern / High Tauern, Sonnblickgebiet, Heiselmayer (2004, Table 2, columns 6-9) 14 Ety Elynetum myosuroidis var. typica, Hohe Tauern / High Tauern, Sonnblickgebiet, Heiselmayer (2004, Table 2, columns 10-24) 15 Ehv Elynetum myosuroidis helictotrichetosum versicoloris (Albrecht 1969, Table 3, columns 111-115) 171