ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 14 • 2023 • 1 83 REPORTS AND REVIEWS/POROČILA IN OCENE, 81–86 NEUROSCIENCE OF MOVEMENT – EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN IN MOTION TwinBrain Summer School 3.0, Piran, Slovenia 19–24 June 2023 Our daily lives are filled with automatic actions, and although we often re- spond effortlessly, our brains are engaged in numerous intricate processes. It is only when we (re)learn certain cognitive-motor tasks, such as maintaining balance while skiing or surfing, or even grasping a spoon after a stroke, that we realize the true difficulty involved. Conversely, we are aware of various pro- gressive neurodegenerative diseases that hinder the smooth execution of eve- ryday tasks. The study of brain dynamics during routine movements, such as walking, balancing or acquiring new motor-cognitive skills, poses a significant challenge for neuroscience. The TwinBrain Summer School 3.0 hosted an international team of experts who shared the latest neuroscience discoveries in movement-related topics and explored how brain imaging technology contributes to understanding brain function and disease development. Advancements in wireless and portable technologies have extended experimentation into real-life scenarios, reflecting everyday experiences. The distinguished experts from Slovenia, Germany, Bel- gium, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and the USA presented cutting-edge developments in Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI). Professor Dr Nico Bohnen, MD, a renowned radiology and neurology ex- pert from the University of Michigan, delivered the keynote speech for this year’s summer school. With a dedicated career focused on Parkinson’s disease research and treatment, which affects over 8.5 million people worldwide, Prof. Dr Bohnen strives to discover innovative approaches that enhance the inde- pendence and quality life of individuals with Parkinson’s disease and the el- derly population. His lecture, held on Tuesday, 20 June 2023, at the town hall of the Municipality of Piran, revolved around the neurobiological basis of walk- ing and balance problems in Parkinson’s disease. Utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) to explore metabolic and biochemical brain processes, he presented the mechanisms underlying the disease’s development and progres- sion, along with novel treatment approaches for more effective and holistic patient care. The final instalment of the TwinBrain Summer School series, known as TwinBrain Summer School 3.0, was held in Piran, Slovenia, from 19–24 June 2023. This event was the culmination of the TwinBrain H2020 project: 84 REPORTS AND REVIEWS/POROČILA IN OCENE, 81–86 ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 14 • 2023 • 1 TwinBrain – TWINning the BRAIN with machine learning for neuro-mus- cular efficiency European Commission: HORIZON 2020. WIDESPREAD-05-2020 – Twin- ning Grant agreement ID: 952401 The Community Research and Development Information Service (CORDIS): https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/952401 TwinBrain partner institutions: Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper (Slovenia), Technische Universität Berlin (Germany), Université de Genève (Switzerland), Università degli Studi di Trieste (Italy) Principal Investigator: Uroš Marušič, PhD Project duration: 1 November 2020 – 31 October 2023 Overall budget: €900k Uroš Marušič, Tisa Hodnik, Manca Peskar ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 14 • 2023 • 1 85 REPORTS AND REVIEWS/POROČILA IN OCENE, 81–86 NEUROSCIENCE OF MOVEMENT – EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN IN MOTION Poletna šola TwinBrain 3.0, Piran, Slovenija, 19.–24. junij 2023 Naš vsakdan je napolnjen z avtomatiziranimi dejanji, in čeprav se nanje pogosto odzovemo, ne da bi ob tem občutili napor, so naši možgani neprestano vpeti v številne zapletene procese. Šele ko se (ponovno) naučimo določenih kognitivno-motoričnih nalog, kot je ohranjanje ravnotežja med smučanjem ali surfanjem ali držanje žlice po možganski kapi, spoznamo resnično zahtevnost izvajanja takih nalog. Kljub temu se zavedamo, da številne progresivne nevro- degenerativne bolezni neprestano ovirajo nemoteno opravljanje vsakdanjih na- log. Raziskovanje možganskega delovanja med rutinskimi opravili, kot so hoja, ohranjanje ravnotežja in pridobivanje novih kognitivno-motoričnih veščin, je pomemben izziv za nevroznanost. Poletna šola TwinBrain 3.0 je gostila mednarodno ekipo strokovnjakov, ki je delila najnovejša odkritja s področja nevroznanosti s poudarkom na temah, povezanih z gibanjem, ter raziskovala, kako tehnologija slikanja možganov pri- speva k razumevanju delovanja teh in razvoju bolezni. Napredki v brezžični in prenosni tehnologi so omogočili eksperimentiranje v dejanskih okoliščinah, ki izražajo vsakodnevne izkušnje. Izjemni strokovnjaki iz Slovenije, Nemčije, Belgije, Italije, Luksemburga, Nizozemske, Francije, Švice in ZDA so pred- stavili najnovejše dosežke na področju mobilnega slikanja možganov in telesa (Mobile Brain/Body Imaging – MoBI). Slavnostni govornik letošnje poletne šole je bil profesor dr. Nico Bohnen, dr. med., priznan strokovnjak za radiologijo in nevrologijo z univerze v Michi- ganu. V svoji dolgoletni karieri se predano posveča raziskovanju in zdravljenju Parkinsonove bolezni, ki prizadene več kot 8,5 milijona ljudi po vsem svetu. Prizadeva si odkriti inovativne pristope, ki izboljšujejo neodvisnost in kako- vost življenja posameznikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo in starejše populacije. Njegovo predavanje, ki je potekalo v torek, 20. junija 2023, v mestni hiši Ob- čine Piran, je osvetljevalo nevrobiološke osnove težav pri hoji in ravnotežju pri Parkinsonovi bolezni. Predstavljene mehanizme, ki sovpadajo z razvojem in napredovanjem bolezni, ter nove pristope k zdravljenju za bolj učinkovito in celostno oskrbo pacientov odkriva s pomočjo pozitronske emisijske tomogra- fije (PET). 86 REPORTS AND REVIEWS/POROČILA IN OCENE, 81–86 ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 14 • 2023 • 1 Tretja in zadnja izmed poletnih šol TwinBrain, znana kot TwinBrain Sum- mer School 3.0, je potekala v Piranu v Sloveniji med 19. in 24. junijem 2023. Ta dogodek je bil vrhunec projekta TwinBrain H2020: TwinBrain – TWINning the BRAIN with machine learning for neuro-muscu- lar efficiency European Commission: HORIZON 2020. WIDESPREAD-05-2020 – Twin- ning Grant agreement ID: 952401 The Community Research and Development Information Service (COR- DIS): https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/952401 TwinBrain partner institutions: Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper (Slovenia), Technische Universität Berlin (Germany), Université de Genève (Switzerland), Università degli Studi di Trieste (Italy) Principal Investigator: Uroš Marušič, PhD Project duration: November 1, 2020 – October 31, 2023 Overall budget: 900k € Uroš Marušič, Tisa Hodnik, Manca Peskar