IZVIRNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANEK - ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER
FLOW OF GOODS ACROSS CUSTOMS TERRITORIES
Pretok blaga preko meja carinsko-administrativnih območij
Prejeto/Received: December 2012 Popravljeno/Revised: December 2012 Sprejeto/Accepted: Januar 2013
Marko Cedilnik
Poslovni sistem Mercator, d.d., Ljubljana Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za logistiko, Celje marko.cedilnik@mercator.si
Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore systemic relationships within supply chains, which are created as a result of passing goods between customs territories. Specifically, this research focuses on how business entities can reduce the time consumed for the execution of mandatory customs controls at border crossings by applying the voluntary implementation of certain legally standardized institutes—in this case, the status of authorized economic operator (AEO). Design/methodology/approach - The study hypotheses were tested at two levels. The fundamental hypothesis was tested using a survey of participants' subjective perceptions. To verify the supporting hypothesis, the survey was carried out using numerical techniques (i.e., an analysis of the queuing systems). Findings - The research results show that acquisition of an AEO certificate can facilitate the acceleration of the flow of goods across customs territories. To achieve the optimum reduction of time delays caused by interruptions in the flow of goods resulting from controls conducted by authorities, it would be necessary to adapt the road infrastructure at the border crossings.
Keywords: authorized economic operator (AEO), customs clearance, road transportation, flow of goods, supply chain management, meta-system
Izvleček
Namen. Članek je rezultat raziskovanja medsistemskih odnosov v oskrbovalnih verigah, ki nastanejo kot posledica prestopa blaga prek meja carinsko-administrativnih območij. Konkretno se raziskava nanaša na proučevanje vprašanja, ali lahko poslovni subjekti s prostovoljnim uvajanjem določenih zakonsko standardiziranih institutov, npr. statusa pooblaščenega gospodarskega subjekta (AEO), skrajšajo čas izvajanja obveznih carinskih kontrol na mejnih prehodih.
Načrt, metodologija, pristop. Raziskovalne hipoteze smo preverjali na dveh ravneh. Pri preverjanju temeljne raziskovalne hipoteze smo na osnovi metode anketiranja s stališča subjektivne percepcije vseh sodelujočih deležnikov ugotavljali, ali imetništvo instituta AEO resnično vpliva na višjo hitrost procesnega pretoka blaga. Za preverjanje podporne hipoteze pa je bila opravljena raziskava na osnovi nume-rične tehnike, tj. analiza množične strežbe, pri čemer je bil predmet analize prikaz vpliva infrastrukturnega omrežja na delovanje carinskih postopkov in s tem povezanega procesa cestnega pretoka blaga.
Ugotovitve. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da pridobitev potrdila AEO pripomore k pospešitvi pretoka blaga prek meja carinsko-administrativnih območij. Za doseganje optimalnega skrajšanja zamud zaradi prekinitev blagovnega toka kot posledice kontrol, ki jih opravljajo oblastni organi, pa bi bilo treba prilagoditi cestno infrastrukturo na mejnih prehodih.
Ključne besede: pooblaščeni gospodarski subjekt (AEO), carinski postopek, transport, pretok blaga, upravljanje oskrbovalnih verig, metasistem
Naše gospodarstvo / Our Economy Vol. 59, No. 1-2, 2013 pp. 13-24
DOI: 10.7549/ourecon.2013.1-2.02
UDK: 658.7:336.41 JEL: F150, L980, L920
this status actually delivers all of the promised benefits. It would be interesting to see whether the systems that have not been or will not be included in the meta-system of the AEO program achieve a lower level of efficiency and performance in terms of time consumption in the operation of supply chains in comparison to the economic operators with the AEO certificate. Wasting time is determined as an economic failure. Economic performance presents a mandatory requirement in the survival of business systems and, thus, the entire modern society.
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Marko Cedilnik has been executive director of logistics in Mercator d. d., one of the biggest Slovenian companies, since 1989. He has 20 years of professional experience in logistics and supply chain management and has deep theoretical and practical knowledge in the fields of business process re-engineering and change management. He holds a master's degree in logistics engineering and a bachelor's degree in law. Since 2006, he has been a lecturer at the Faculty of Logistics at the University of Maribor, where he is responsible for the courses Logistics Documentation and Commercial and Warehousing Operations. He has published several articles in the area of logistics and is the co-author of a manual for effective logistics.
Marko Cedilnik je izvršni direktor logistike v Mercatorju, d. d., enem največjih slovenskih podjetij, v katerem je zaposlen že od leta 1989. Ima 20 let strokovnih izkušenj s področja upravljanja logistike in oskrbovalnih verig ter poglobljeno teoretično in praktično znanje s področja prenove poslovnih procesov in upravljanja sprememb. Po izobrazbi je magister inženir logistike in univerzitetni diplomirani pravnik. Od leta 2006 je habilitiran za predavatelja na Fakulteti za logistiko Univerze v Mariboru, kjer je nosilec predmetov Logistična dokumentacija ter Trgovinsko in skladiščno poslovanje. Je avtor več strokovnih in znanstvenih člankov s področja logistike in soavtor Priročnika za učinkovito logistiko.