Happy 200"1 Birthday, Cleveland
Slovenians are significant partqf the city's history
Slo-
knik
irnih
ozek
jtna-
N„, The Light :nski	OJ Freedom
iaiev Be Extinguished!
Mil' ^
cnik,
Amerik
leina
Pik' I Ervinu	'——■■■■■■■
t^' Vo I q	dnd nallonwide over 150.000 American Slovenians
• 98 - No. 27 (I SPS 024100)
■otad
r ve-snski mbd
•Ameriška Dom
SLOVENIAN MORNING NEWSPAPER
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
ISSN Number- 0164-680X
50C
EtQw Steerage to Success
Slovenians Became a Part of America
Vida
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>zjiv l2h-)Op'
MU'
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inley
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oafi’
Klin,
in'5’ A# >r#' kise doP' iu^ red111 a dr ,5)°'
3#’
lie'*'
pef'
143,
oH
% Robert Dolgan
ho h WaS 3 ®reat neighbor-od> teeming with life, pas-
break lr!‘8hter and heart-liv ,' lae Slovenians who
°fth t*lere *n dle ear|y years
in t Century *1acl come over ersfeera§e with their moth-and ^'ctures in their packs St	they reached old
Possiki*’ they found lt was
lives • t0 live out their out 'n ^'s new place with-Qfpne.e(iing to learn a word cngUsh.
niaSsiWas as though some UP a k ^°Wer bad picked Iran* ChUnk of Slovenia and
Patneri011!? 11 intact to a city aw ^leveland, in far-
n° neeH^rner'ca‘ ^bere was cocoon f° be Ione,y in this ner ^ 0r every street cor-the promise of an
encounter with someone you knew in Ribnica, or Dolenjsko or Primorsko.
If you wanted to buy a suit, get a tooth pulled or a faucet fixed, you visited men with names like Potokar, Pintar, Gornik, Anzlovar, Kalan,	Ažman,	Grdina,
Levec, Belaj, Centa, Rogelj, Macerol, Mohar, Mervar, Opeka,	Oblak,	Butala,
Černe,	Mally,	Oman,
Stampfel, Matjašič, Sorn, Mramor or Smrekar.
If you needed luck, solace or sage counsel you could go to saloons like Modic’s, with its swinging doors; or Lausche’s, owned by the parents of future United States senator; or Schwab’s, where the whiskey was poured right out of the bar-
rels. The taverns, as bastions
of male chauvinism, didn’t let women inside, but otherwise they were friendly places, offering free lunches of salami and eggs for a nickel beer.
If the saloons didn’t have the answers for you, you could always hie yourself down to St. Vitus church on Norwood Road, where the legendary pastor, Monsignor B. J. Ponikvar, would chastise you, exhort you or compliment you in your own language. And you could read all about it in your own Slovene newspapers, the Enakopravnost and the Clevelandska Amerika, which later evolved into this paper, the American Home.
The people even rechristened the factories in the neighborhood. The Lake Erie Nuts and Bolts Co. became “bolcovna,” the Osborne Co. was “krtačovna,” and the East Ohio Gas Co. was “koksovna,” with the foremen jabbering away in Slovenian.
If all this wasn’t enough, you could always pretend
you were at home again by renting a room in one of the
many Slovene boarding houses in the district. They were always run by energetic women who wore long black dresses and babuskas and seemed to spend their whole lives in the kitchen.
Dr. Frank Kern, one of the few survivors of that lost (Continued on page 10)
Small in Members, Rich in Spirit
Slovenian Heritage Filled with Freedom
Jala’>
<“l t
VriJ,l0Venes form a ^ 'n th y Srnad nat'on nestl-eUr°Pe in uheart of Central e s'ngle and uni-
Se,n, tako je mati 111 a Slovene, so my
area .	0,,,6|e an
oU0'Enrr. Cre a11 tbree major
Sanie P,ean grouPs ~ the j Latln and Slavic —
enesn|iav^X- Thus ‘he h; jy much If Cen surround-
"t0ricallV ilr°"8er neighbors
bi:
in
g the ci ^ hitent on overtak-
strategKgUy imp(
ih0Venian ~‘=^a‘iy lmP°rtant
situating territory by es,eihatic l Process of Viaclual die absorPtion and °Ve,tian naPPearance of ‘he Nr®er GerP°PUlaIion into ‘he t^rian nan> Italiaa and
% Voider th110"5' “ is ‘bo« Viva, eor ‘hat ,he Slovenes’ er some fourteen
centuries in their continuously shrinking territory is generally considered to be the “miracle in Central Europe.”
Not even two millions in numbers.	—	but the
Slovenes still survive, mostly because borderlands Slovenes make conscious decisions to remain faithful to their forefathers’ heritage.
But what has made this “miracle” possible? Probably some of the same characteristic traits that have helped Slovenian immigrants and their descendants in America to not only survive but to prosper and fully participate and contribute to the social, cultural, political and economic wellbeing of their “Ameriška domovina’’ (American Homeland). What are these traits? Let me try to
describe them briefly as 1 and many others have experienced them in our lives and also observed them, in my case, over some fifty years of events both in Europe and America.
The major forces that have “molded” the Slovenian nation through its history are Christianity and an innate yearning for democracy and freedom.
Christianity — The Creator-Father has endowed each one of us with an immortal soul and, through His Son’s suffering, has opened the gates to salvation and eternity. Being all of one God-Father makes us brothers and sisters of equal worth and the divine commandment tells us to love one another as ourselves in deep .respect for each other as persons and/or groups. Two say-
ings we were frequently told by parents and elders have had a lasting impact on many:
—	“Duty before pleasure” — When duties are viewed as the exercise of Christian love — duties become pleasures and other pleasures follow.
—	“Quality before quantity”
—	The imperative of excellence was derived from the command of love and duty — and, through consistent practice, excellence becomes a pleasure also. Quality and excellence also became a necessity for survival in the competition with much stronger groups that tended to control minorities by keeping them ignorant about themselves. “Slovenes are a small nation: only through quality and excellence can we survive” was a common saying when I was
growing up in the culturally and politically stifling regime of fascist Italy.
Democracy — Slovenes instinctively love democracy. Perhaps they have unconsciously absorbed into their national trait an abhorrence for authoritarianisms of any kind, having suffered under them as a small group subjected to the will of more powerful neighbors-conquerors. Perhaps there is also lingering in the Slovenian national psyche a dim remembrance of the middle ages, rite of installation of the Dukes of Carinthia by a Slovenianspeaking “peasant prince.” This ancient rite probably symbolized a “social and political contract” through which the people entrusted (Continued on page 2)
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA
Remember the Street Hawkers? &
And the Bakery
6117 St. Clair Ave. - 216/431-0628 - Cleveland, OH 44103
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA (USPS 024100)
James V. Debevec — Publisher, English editor Dr. Rudolph M. Susel — Slovenian Editor
Ameriška Domovina Permanent Scroll of Distinguished Persons:
Rt. Rev. Msgr. Louis B. Baznik, Michael and Irma Telich, Frank J. Lausche, Paul Košir
Second Class Postage Paid at Cleveland, Ohio POSTMASTER: Send address change to American Home, 6117 St. Clair Ave., Cleveland, OH 44103-1627
Fax (216) 361-4088 Published every Thursday


No. 27 Thursday, July 4, 1996
Slovenians
(Continued from page 1)
sovereign authority to a just and caring ruler. This custom, observed as a legal process well until A.D. 1414 — and in the Slovenian language — echoed the inherently democratic nature of the old Slovenes’ society that preceded the feudal era.
How many Americans are aware of the historical fact, documented in Joseph Felici-jan’s book (The Genesis of the Contractural Theory and the Installation of the Dukes of Carinthia, 1967), that Thomas Jefferson found the inspiration in writing the Declaration of Independence in the description of the uniqueness of the ancient Slovenian rite of installation contained in Jean Bodin’s Republic (1576)? How significant and gratifying it is that some of the founding principles of the greatest democratic power on earth were influenced by the inspiring tradition of one of the smallest nations of Europe! Slovenes ought to be justly proud and aware of this extraordinary event and forever grateful to Dr. Felicijan for his persistent research and findings.
Cleveland’s Slovenian community should also see to it that tourists and visitors to
Cleveland are informed, as a point of great cultural interest, about the plaque installed by the Slovenian-American Heritage Foundation on the Fountains Mall by the Convention Center commemorating this historical connection between Thomas Jefferson and the ancient Slovenian rite.
The Slovenian immigrants to the American continent maintained the same traits received from their forefathers and worked very hard to build their communities on the principles they shared throughout their long history. “Quality before quantity” — even though small in numbers, Slovenian-Americans in the Cleveland area can proudly point to their common institutions, their churches and national homes, as the expression of their tenacious character.
As one who could have been absorbed into some other stronger national group back in Europe, I am proud to echo our popular song — “Slovenec sem, tako je mati d’jala,” and join in the congratulations due our Slovenian National Homes for their continuous and dedicted work for the common good of their communities: čestitam in še tako naprej!
Vladimir J. Rus
* * *
Why shouldn’t truth he stranger than fiction? Fiction, after all, has to make sense.
—Mark Twain
The lifestyle of the average American family today relies greatly on the automobile for mobility. It is commonplace to travel many miles daily to one’s place of employment. Many millions of households require a second car for traveling to distant supermarkets and shopping malls for their essential food and clothing.
All this makes one wistfully recall that in the bygone days of 50 years ago and earlier, one didn’t even have to leave his home to do his buying!
Street peddlers or hawkers, as they were sometimes called, saw to it that everyone was provided with ample food, services and even entertainment, right at their doorstep.
One such huckster was the Fish Man who every Friday would transverse the streets in his horse and wagon, blowing his horn with one long blast yelling, “Fish!” the housewives would scramble hurriedly from their homes and after some haggling, would purchase a pound or two of blue pike which was the most popular in those days of clean Lake Erie.
On Saturdays, the Chicken Man would arrive in his truck, overloaded with live poultry, alerting homemakers with toots on his horn. He would soon attract a large group of customers

DID YOU KNOW
Slovenia...	Joseph ZeOe
j***************
We Wish A Happy 4th of July To All of Our Customers!
NOSAN’S
Slovenian Home Bakery
We will be closed after July for Summer Vacation
6413 St. Clair — 361-1863
Our Euclid Location 567 E. 200	481-5670
Jervi
,tlThe
squawking fowls or maybe a dozen or so of really fresh eggs.
A more frequent visitor was the Produce Man who hawked his vegetables and fruit every other day; most of the fair-set watched him closely and skeptically when he weighed their purchases on his scale.
The Milk Man is still very much in evidence today in some neighborhoods. In the early days he would pour milk into empty bottles brought to his horse and wagon by residential customers. At that time he carried the milk in the large metal cans.
For those desiring snacks in between meals, there was the Waffles Man. Two rings on a chime bell would be sufficient for small tots and adults to make a hasty exit from their homes to purchase hot, delicious waffles with powdered sugar.
And who will ever forget the Chestnut and Peanut Man with his steam-powered whistle on his push cart summoning all to purchase his roasted chestnuts and peanuts.
bringing with him the of tantalizing baked g<» h such as just-baked bread® nuts, biscuits and doughy delights. Needless ^ say, he was always besieff^
with hungry patrons.	sewj
And the Ice Cream vrjn< would shout his wares top of his voice. On a cle-powered cart, he v'011 ^ always find that his busing would flourish when )ara; summer heat was most pressive.	|hoo
0 Jii
Since there were no
frigerators, just
ice-bo#
Id be ini
the Ice Man wouio %ge pensable in the sunafL s doing his route every ^ Rag. a housekeeper requim on j, she simply hung a car ^ hem her window, showing lens, weight desired on the bo ma||
corner. (There were 2^ pap
75, and 100 pound marcem
in each corner of .Her
vhi<%p
mond shaped card, w1 T ice-man supplied to his Lnlm tomers.)	J*°rs<
Our clothing wants yags usually provided by Goods Man, who vVl a||tt
aDfCftth;
1
sud1
cram into a suitcase, aP bolts of cloth, s^eetS,’ other broadcloth g0° ^ the other suitcase he have sundry items needles, thread, socks, hankies, ^ would walk door-10 jitcase
1
marveled at his pa^6^ 1 re-packing the suite38
: 3)
bub'
etc.
and empty his sub-^ » potential buyers. 1^ J
(Continued on page
Dr. Janez Gril, head of the press for the Slovenian Bishops Conference, estimated that 300,000 inhabitants of Slovenia had immediate contact with Pope John Paul II during his 3-day visit to Slovenia. National costumes of Slovenians at the Pope’s meetings made a big impression on reporters, cameramen, and visitors.
Enjoy your 4th of July Holid^P Homemade Rice & Blood Saus^,
Baby Back or Spare Ribs
Choice Steaks & Roasts
Super Beef Hot Dogs
Slovenian Smoked
Sausage and Zelodec_^^
Fresh Polish and Italian Sausans^

o
2


ffiDY*
QUALITY	pfi«!
g: Top
K* (Continued from page 2)
j Mu
earorCOn||end with bargain-d g0o!Seek'n8 housewives.
readt Just about every type of
I 0lCice W3S also Provided-
:dlesslhe Scissors and Knife )esie?ran Would quickly restore a lne edge on any culinary or m M(ewing 'mplement. He had a ,sat|r'ndin8 wheel pushcart \ bic, lch served as his work-
busing n tbe Umbrella Man ien 1,° °n^ so^d y°u a uew lost c ,aras°^ but would also re-7 any broken bumber-
1 n° Ihav0t t*1C W‘nd m'ght e-botf e turned inside out.
,e inč one accumulated a )U11... )r^e arn°unt of paper, rags
i ^ CmI meta1, the Paper
ired L l . an w°uld hook them card i Is band-scale to weigh
ing 1 lense Kand W°uld recom'
; bo#1 Miv , 'S customer- 'ufor-
25, fp. fle Was known as the Man" which he to be crying out

r^n in
reality he shouted
^'CJ PaPer j^a„ » "p hts^L ^a8s- (For some
i0rs °Wn reason most of the
rtts draWlng the Paper / a A q be ag°n always seemed ^ ill ^ le s°rriest looking of
nags tbat were in use I. Iattinie.)
'7° Technician
L,6) 481-1104
71 Koporc, Jr.
sUck
bud1'
3tC-
r-to-1
■caseS,
:ase;
,c 3)
The clopping hoof-beats of a Shetland pony would always herald the approach of the Pony Photographer. This fellow would always search out the cutest of the small fry, and reluctant moms had to give in to their youngsters, who insisted on being photographed - just so they could sit on the pony, and maybe be given a short ride (a few steps).
Should your health be failing, the Medicine Man with his home-concocted tonics, salves and ointments would make a quick diagnosis, and prescribe something that seemed to work a cure, or at least didn’t harm you. One Dr. Zauba was especially well-known in the St. Clair community in the 20s and 30s.
For entertainment, we listened to the strolling Street -Singer Man. With a megaphone held to his lips and crooning a sentimental ditty, his admiring audience would drop a penny or two in his tin cup. Or it may have been an Accordion Man rendering a simple, folksy refrain, and he, too, was rewarded with a copper coin.



$
Happy 4th of July —
ferfolia
Funeral Home
5386 Lee Rd. at Broadway ^apie Heights, Ohio — 663-4222
yisit Us - or Call Us
,0^: Our SECOND Location to Serve You BETTER!
356 West Aurora Rd.
Sagamore Hills, Ohio 44067
467-4500
Uon3lH~nFerfo,ia ' D°nald L. Ferfolia nald B. Ferfolia
Mary Ferfolia Lansky
The most popular attraction was the Organ-Grinder Man (who always seemed to be named “Tony”) and, of course, his frisky monkey, dancing while “Tony” cranked out a tune on his music box. After the musical selection was completed, the monkey would doff his tiny hat and extend his paw, seeking a donation.
There were other animal entertainers such as the Dancing Bears with an organ grinder, and also Fortunetelling parrots who would select, with their bill, a little envelope from a row of many. Upon opening the envelope, a small slip of paper would be removed, and on it would be printed one’s fortune.
Then there was the Fuller-Brush Man offering a fine selection of toiletries.
Today, the main survivor seems to be the Vacuum Cleaner Salesman. The Kirby Vacuum salesman is still alive and doing well even in spite of all the sales pitches being offered on TV.
You can easily see that in those early days, it seemed the whole world came to one’s doorstep. I can never recall hearing anyone complaining they were lonely -because that was impossible
-	they were never left alone
-	thanks to the (sales)men in
their lives.	p ^
MARK PETRIČ Certified Master Technician
Petrie's Automotive Service
Foreign & Domestic General Auto Repair
(216) 942-5130
33430 Lakeland Blvd., Eastlake, Ohio 44095 / LOCATED IN REAR
St. Clair Auto Parts
Happy
4th of July
COMPLETE LINE OF AUTO PARTS & ACCESSORIES
Monday-Friday 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
6011 St. Clair Ave. 391-4450
DALE LUNDER
Anion Grdina first entered the St. Clair business community in 1903. The above picture was taken in 1904, only one year after Mr. Grdina's mercantile dehut.
YANESH
CONSTRUCTION CO.
29010-13 EUCLID AVENUE WICKLIFFE, OHIO 44092
SPECIALIZING IN FIRE DAMAGE REPAIR
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WILLIAM S. (BILL) YANESH
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
4 * M ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
REMEMBER OUR HEROIC SERVICEMEN & WOMEN
Happy 4th of July
FUNERAL HOME
Vesel državni praznik
4. julij
28890 Chardon Road Willoughby Hills, Ohio 44094
944-8400
Reasonable & Dignified — Luncheon & Community Rooms Available
Dan Cosic
Licensed Funeral Director
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Happy Birthday, Cleveland!
Happy 4th of July!
ten.
GATEWAY MANOR
The Gateway Manor is a 3-story, attractive apartment facility in the park-like setting of the Gateway community.
Its concept is for those who desire a quiet and relaxing atmosphere and convenience of many available services offered for care-free living.
Located just off East 200th Street and 1-90 in Euclid, Ohio, the Gateway Manor has ready access to major freeways, shopping malls and recreational facilities.
-* Jožef Turk,
^ It has often been said that r the Cleveland area has more f Slovenians than any place r outs'de of Slovenia, yet it ^ Was 'ess than 115 years ago ^ ^lat the first Slovenian set-
^ tier arrived.
^ Promise of a better life { J^ght Jozef Turk to ^ Cleveland from Zvice, Aus-
Jf tna>(now Slovenia) in 1881. ^ Like mom. :___•
First Slovenian settler
^ ~'"v many immigrants, he
^as forced to leave his fam-J ''y behind.
T	Renting a room in the
f °me of a Polish family in f ewburgh, he went to work i n ‘be steel mills. In an ac-^ '^Phshment that is almost ^ Possible today, he soon
^ Ved enough money to buy
| t|Ar°Cery store’ saloon, and ^ by66 '30ar(^‘n8 houses. One i J °ne his wife and children J Wer®abtetojoinliim.
J( n there were about I p. Slovenian families
i CIp ,lldn tamilies in
i tatVe and with each fami|y
l e,!!8 'n anywhere from \ " ht t0 15 of their fellow l 7^011 as boarders.
1 ^rked6 m0St °f them ^ ai o. ln what was known
r o	was Known
4 th Steelburgh (Otis Steel),
^ ItlOVB UPerSUaded j0Zef t0
I Q|aje *s s<tloon nearer to St. I ovjft J°S'P Stern isa took |	^ e Newburgh spot.
^ ten i-6 .^0Ung men were of-
h0nilnc''ned to drown their
“esickn
^ Ha;rCkne« in wine. y a Monday passed wasn’t called to 0 Put in a good word
for his people. Once the young ladies began arriving from the old country, the problem decreased.
The only musician at that time was Anton Kočevar, who had brought his accordion from his homeland. Anton stood seven feet tall and when he played, everyone felt they were back in Slovenia. There was no
wedding party complete without him.
These were bright days for Josef; everything seemed to be going his way. He increased his business ventures and since he was the only Slovenian businessman in the neighborhood, there was little competition.
He trusted everyone, and while most of his customers
Euclid Ohio Beverage
635 E. 200 St., Euclid, Ohio 44119 1=1^
CorTi ^ HAPPY 4th OF JUL Y!
of jm3-0'1 visi* us and choose from a large selection wines- We a,so recommend our fine "’V Ohio wines featuring Chalet Debonne of the Debevc family.
(Continued on page 6)
Washing dishes by hand uses up, on average, 20 gallons of water —a dishwasher uses only nine to 12 gallons for the same load of dishes.
°ur game pays you
Millions
SVEN IF YOU CAN'T
Ritch, hit or field
.!
To all Americans especially all our clients HAPPY 4th OF JULY
Dr. Zenon A. Klos [Tfe	531-7700
I AREA |	Emergencies
Dental Insurance Accepted Laboratory on Premises - Same Day Denture Repair COMPLETE DENTAL CARE FACILITY
848 Ea 1 85 Sta (between Shore Carpet & Fun Servcies)

We wish you a Happy 4th of July!
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Happy Independence Day to All in Our Community
Paul J. Hribar Joyce Ann Hribar
Attorneys at Law
A. M. Pena Building, Suite 500 27801 Euclid Avenue, near 1-90
261-0200
Probate, Estate Planning, Real Estate, Trusts and General Civil Practice
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
6 Jožef Turk, First Slovenian Settler
(Continued from page 5)
paid him back, there were a few who didn’t. Those debts he overlooked because he didn’t want the stigma of going to court to fall on any of his people.
Things were going so well that when his daughter, Jera, married Miha Skebe, he was able to give them one of his saloons as a wedding present.
One of his properties was located at what is now St. Clair and East 31st St. Included were a bar, restaurant, dry goods store and two apartments. Some time later he bought a bar across from the old market house. This he gave to his son, Janez.
Among his employees were Jurij Travnikar, Lojze Lausche, F. Sadar, Lojze Rechar, Andrej Kikal and Stefacka Gasti.
Jozef worried about the spiritual welfare of his countrymen. Most didn’t want to go to the Czech priest for confession because they couldn’t understand him. Jozef solved this problem by persuading a Slovenian priest in Minnesota to come to Cleveland once a year.
When there were over 50 Slovenian families in Cleveland, Jozef went to the bishop to ask for a Slovenian priest. He was told there were none available but the bishop agreed to arrange for some Slovenian seminarians to come from Europe to complete their studies here.
Among the future priests who arrived from Ljubljana was Vitus Hribar, who served as pastor of St. Mary’s church in Collin-wood for many years.
The time seemed appropriate to consider building a church and Jozef was named treasurer of a committee to collect contributions. In two years, he was only able to collect $1,000.00.
Realizing that the dream of a church would be a long way off at that rate, Jozef came up with an idea.
While riding down Superior Ave. one day, he had seen a sign on a Protestant church which read: “To be sold to the highest bidder.”
When the auction came up, Jozef was there, and his bid of $300 made him the owner. He was instructed that the church either had to be moved or destroyed at once.
He signed an agreement to buy two lots across the street for $1,400, certain that he could organize a church committee to raise the money. He planned to donate the building and have the parishioners buy the land.
To have the church moved across the street, Jozef paid an additional $200. It was a nice church, he felt, spacious and high, with the pews covered in soft green velvet. But the parishioners decided against his plan.
There was little he could do but demolish the church and take home the wood.
Later the committee selected the site of the present St. Vitus Church on Glass Ave. Jozef worked with them but never forgot that, for the land alone, the Slovenians paid $3,300.
Much of the Slovenian social life centered around the lodge meetings which were often very long. They usually started on Sundays at 1 p.m., and lasted until 7 in the evening.
Most of the Slovenian families were his customers, buying on credit and paying once a month as was their custom. But unemployment was spreading fast. Those who had some money left and went back home.
Those who had to stay still patronized Jozef but couldn’t pay their bills. Some offered their furniture as partial payment, but furniture in those days was often not worth moving. Nevertheless, in three years JozeFs attic was full of furniture.
Later, when things got better, the Slovenians knew where to buy furniture cheaply. For $18, newlyweds could furnish four rooms.
It wasn’t long before Jozef found himself in financial difficulties. All he had left was his grocery store and that was anything
but profitable. He found it impossible to turn down customers with hungry children.
A seeming solution came when Jurij Travnikar returned from a trip west, bringing a wealthy silver miner with him. The two purchased Jozef s store but not long after announced bankruptcy. The store was Jozef s worry again.
Jozef was still treasurer of the Independent Society of St. Vitus Church. Each Monday he dutifully deposited the money he had collected the day before in an account.
One day he was notified that his credit was gone and they seized the money. In order to pay the Society, he had to sell his property he had in Europe.
Sick with humiliation and worry, Jozef moved his family to St. Clair and Nottingham Rds., which at that time was considered “country.”
He made wine and sold it to Slovenians. When Browning Crame bought the acreage he moved to Nottingham where once again he opened a saloon and prospered for two years until the Village of Nottingham was proclaimed “dry” and he had to close. This was years before prohibition.
Today in St. Paul’s Cemetery, Chardon Rd., in Euclid, Ohio stands a monument purchased by his children which reads:
Here is resting Jozef Turk Born in 1838 - Died 1903 May he rest in peace.
First Slovenian settler.
Note: This story appeared in the Scoop-Journal on Sunday, Nov. 8, 1970 from information contributed by Mrs. B. J. Hribar. It was taken from a biography of her father, written by her brother, the late Frank Turk. Although a certain John Pintar was the first Slovenian to arrive in Cleveland, he stayed only briefly and returned to his homeland.
*
Danger and delight grow on one stalk.
—Scottish proverb
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TRAVEL BUREAU
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Lve. Cleveland, Ohio 44103 If your intentions are to visit or maybe
bring your loved ones to the U.S.A. on a visit, Phone (216) 431-5710
please contact us.	Vnnk |B ChrisdM Mihelin
We Are American - Slovenian Travel Agency	_ owners
Perkins


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Operated by Joe Foster
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& 20c Wings on Mon. and Tues. FRANK and TOM CVELBAR, Owners
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We have...
I
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hgh
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PATRIA
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.672#
794 E. 185 St., Cleveland Ph: 531
Open Daily M-W-Th: 9-5:00, Tues, Fri, Sat: 9-5=3
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We’re thankful for our country and the many opportunities it offers. And just as our founding fathers worked hard to establish this great United States of America, each one of us should work to help it continue to grow and prosper.
We’re grateful for our chance to make a difference in this country. Happy Birthday, America.
936 East 185th Street Cleveland, Ohio 44119 (216) 531-7770
'fjtaliulji & ^Son ^une-rat cH0^
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GOLDEN RULE
\
r.
Women also struggled to survive
- Zarja, 1983 -After leaving Richmond Brothers in 1925, I got a job or 30c an hour at the Cleveland Public Hall on E.
and St. Clair where 0Wer shows and operas Were Presented. The hall had a regular wood floor, and a er a flower show, there Were Piles and piles of dirt.
. 6 cleaning women Jed off and swept the hall, ,ng many baskets with
ril ^en they drove a truck 'f1 into the hall and we
Pfted the baskets into the truck.
ti. o tlle Way> we scrubbed anrf °0r W't^1 soaPy water Usj WlP£d it with clear water
bin ® ra^s’ not mops, scrub-°n our hands and knees.
one "f ty 1 Slipped’ hitting the two pails each
Thp USe an<^ ^roke n rib. (E. qV601 me to a doctor on Hie D^treet who bandaged
S.
!r .	—c. one week
L ’ could hardly breathe,
iitg th°ntinUed Work’ break-for,!.6 r'b in the same place
0r tit® second time.
Lban?16 tel1 you how my
CniteA^'1'1 1 became
that f ^tates Citizens. At rleVelanH Mr' HoPkins (the
after I. a Airport is named
C" ^u/qc ---------1__
City Was Cleveland's anager. However,
political issue was
to be changed, and Cleveland would change to the mayoral government, Mr. Miller announced, “I’m going to run for mayor of Cleveland; anyone who is a citizen, vote for me.”
“Well, I was a citizen but could not vote in that may-oral election because I was a woman, but my husband voted.
Immigrants were encouraged to become citizens, through the efforts of Mr. Anton Grdina, one of the early Slovenian immigrants in Cleveland, who died at age 90, and published the Nova Domovina newspaper, when I came to America. (Mr. Louis Pirc, the next owner changed the newspaper’s name to Clevelandska Amerika).
The editorials encouraged Slovenian men to become citizens - not the women, because they couldn’t vote -only men could. My husband got his citizenship papers in 1913, during World War I. They put on the citizenship paper (which cost $1.00) that he was a father of three; therefore, he didn’t have to go to the military service. Also, his name, age, height, weight, color of eyes, along with my name, age; and that of our children, my sons,
Anthony, age 5; Louis, 3; and Fred, 3 months. I still have that citizenship paper.
Women received the right to vote in 1921, the year my youngest sister, Frances, arrived in America. I’ve voted ever since that time in the basement of St. Vitus Church, and still admire those suffragettes who worked so hard to establish this right for women.
There wasn’t always complete agreement or good
will amongst the ifnmi-grants. I recall a religious incident which developed in 1907. There was a big disagreement among some of the parishioners who wanted to dismiss Father Vitus Hribar from St. Vitus Parish because they said, “He puts everything in his pocket.” Mr. Anton Grdina, fought to have him replaced.
Then Father Zakrajšek, a Franciscan priest, came from Slovenia to replace Father Hribar, but the Bishop said, “None of you will get what you want.” He sent Father Zakrajšek to New York, moved Father Hribar to Akron, Ohio, and appointed a new priest, Father Barthole-mew Ponikvar, who came from my former parish in Slovenia.
But, nobody wanted him! The parishioners kept fighting. Finally, the Bohemian bishop came to the house where the people were gathered and protesting loudly, “We don’t want Ponikvar.” The Bishop said. “He’ll be okay . Help him. Don’t fight him.”
In the 1920s economic times began to change, and soon the depression hit. Five of us ladies were out of work. My husband who worked for 25c an hour at the bicycle factory, also lost his job. Then all the factories closed down.
We lost our house on Norwood during the depression after paying $11,500. There were ten houses, all alike, on the one block. They were constructed in 1924, five on one side and five on the other. During the depression, all banks were closed, including the one which financed the building of our house. In the meantime, we received a government loan and bought two lots in West Park Village for $250.00. My husband intended to construct a home there. But the city installed sewers, water and sidewalks, increasing the tax bill to $500.00. We couldn’t pay
the taxes and lost the prop- ^ erty as well as the house. ^
Finally, when Roosevelt became President, the economy of the Nation started to change with new programs and the repeal of the bad ones. We voted for the repeal of prohibition, and rid ourselves of a “dry country.” Then came the Social Security act in 1937, which took one penny from a person’s wages and one penny from the company for Social Security benefits.
My son, just out of school, worked at Fisher body for 45c an hour. He often came home so tired he would cry.
Fraternalism was extremely important in Cleveland, and they boasted one of the largest Slovenian populations in America.
Looking back, I am glad those struggles were in America. I have experienced some beautiful memories.
This story was tape-recorded at the Slovene Home for the Aged in Cleveland on May 22, 1982 by Irene Jagodnik, and prepared for publication by Irene Odorizzi. Since that time Mrs. Strnisha has passed to her final reward.
JllWl	A Record and Program We Can
rSwiX/niNIO. Trust For County Treasurer
Jim Rokakis is the only candidate
^ith experience s Public Finance



*	Th	°
ne only candidate with relevant
% ,nancial experience.
as served as Chair of Cleveland ■ty Council’s Finance Committee % ^hcel991.
Plated Cleveland’s cash-management nP investment policies, producing
*	«ter results with no added risk.
aPed seven consecutive
*	pa anced budgets.
out^ht successfully to keep Cleveland °f the ill-fated “SAFE investment
Pr°gram.”
Married to the former Laurie Shafer. Jim and Laurie have three children. Graduate of Cleveland-Marshall School of Law. Graduate of Oberlin College.
j ^r°Vm Record of 'Wership and ^"'»'itnienr to - Ca/ Responsibility
Rokakis
FOR TREASURER
•v Pfiend;
s 0* Jim Rokakis for Treasurer, 4169 Pearl Rd. #311, Cleveland, Ohio 44109 Howard Kotz, Chair

Rokakis on Nov. 5
To Help Jim Rokakis, please call 459 8737
RIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
R
Happy 4th of July!
— Family Owned and Operated
Since 1908 —
Licensed Funeral Directors: Richard J. Zele — Louis F. Zele, Sutton J. Girod — Louis E. Zele
“Four Generations of THE ZELE FAMILY”
In Time of Need —
We Are Here to Help You.
Zele Funeral Homes, Inc.
(Main Office)
452 East 152nd Street — 481-3118
CLEVELAND, OHIO
Legacy of Rudolph Bukovec
A dream began 67 years ago and was realized by determined young man with ambitions. In 1918 Rudolph Bukovec left his home in Slovenia and emigrated to America, first settling in Pennsylvania. Like many ethers around him, he found ^orh in the coal mines, a dangerous, health-ereaking job at best.
With painstaking regu-ar'ty he saved earnings and ?°Ved to Cleveland and °und work as a meat cutter 0r Jasbec Meat Market. here are those of you who ay remember the local arket on East 49th Street etween Superior and St. air- It was here Rudolph bearned ‘he skills that would grat^6^ UP by future gen-
of^. year 1928 was a time ac ievement and personal aPPmess. Rudo,ph and his
b;.;nA8nes> bought the
MarL 8 of Rudy’s Meat
Pro h ’ an^ ‘bey became bf..11 Parents of their first-ch'ld, a son, Rudy.
|ft a(|y s Meat Market was Avened at 4506 Superior'
andlr ^Us'ness was g°od
‘ime 6 St°re 8rcw- -At that chill ?er'shables were kept ers by 'ee and ice cool-was udy’s Meat Market city the first in the 'tetyf0 ^reak tradition with ref,.: echnology . electrically TL Berated uieat counters.
was the foundation of ‘heir r
freShe ePutation for the avaj^best quality product
and Agnes’ So grew to include
^udolph's ^'ly ale
hv0 rnalso 8	-------
horn • °re sons> Anthoi
l93h 1,1 1933 and Chuck
sh ^eir
Slived.
happiness
>e ila!'/,eCb tragedy stru thinn. forking Sloveni
C^'y the Lh0ck
year after lit
Was killeH38 b0m- Rudo1 acci(jerit 111 an au‘omob
^PglL68’ who knew lit at 32 W fu°Und herself alo ^eo, n 1 ‘hree young cli gage j Sav'ngs and a mo tllrne(j fn desPeration s Sa fa! u er brother Ste ler run tkhelp- Steve helP
S w, market until t
S. As n °ld enough kUdy Tthey came of a.
Ved th3'’ and Chu ^ W1!6 fre after schc Kends.
Of the three sons, Rudy was termed eligible and inducted into the Armed Forces to serve. He returned home in 1955 and the family purchased a second store from the Pintar family at 6706 St. Clair Avenue. When the Fisher Food store next door shut down in 1958, the Superior Avenue location used the opportunity to expand service to include groceries.
Tragedy struck once again. Agnes fought a recurrent battle with cancer and
lost. She died in 1960 at age 55. Brother Tony died in 1983. Despite these losses, the foundation was strong and the family spirit continued.
In 1963 a third location for Rudy’s Quality Meats was opened at 31728 Vine Street. The Superior Avenue and St. Clair stores lost their leases and subsequently closed. The Vine Street store is now the only location of Rudy’s Quality Meats.
Today the heritage is still evident at Rudy’s Quality Meats. The store is primarily family owned and operated. The Bukovecs believe in quality, friendly service, customer loyalty and welcome questions from their customers. “People are afraid of looking dumb,” said Chuck Bukovec. We want them to feel free to ask questions, something people aren’t comfortable doing in a large market.”
A family owned market in the neighborhood has its advantages. Many delicious and ethnic homemade items may be found among their stock. Each item is a specialty of the individual chef. Flavor not ordinarily found in the average grocery store may be discovered here. It is a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere to enjoy compared to the sterile feeling of large supermarket.
Yanesh Construction expands to Most of Northern Ohio
John H. Yanesh established his Yanesh Construction Co. in 1947 in the city of Wickliffe, Ohio.
His brother, Charles J. Yanesh worked together with his brother until the time that William S. Yanesh joined them.
Bill S. Yanesh took charge of the company and is continuing the family tradition. Both sons, William S. Yanesh Jr., and Charles J. Yanesh also the son-in-law, Michael D. Fishwick work today with the Yanesh family members.
Mr. Fred Kochevar also is helping to operate the Yanesh Company. Yanesh Brothers Construction Co. is serving all of the Greater Cleveland area, but now they have included the Ashtabula County in the Eastern part of Ohio, as well as the city of Lorain to the West.
Yanesh Bros. Construction Co. wish the City of Cleveland a Happy Birthday on its 200‘h anniversary.
In time of need, call Yanesh Bros. Construction Co., phone 943-2020.______________________________________
Business Phone 692-2099
Our American-Slovenian FLAG HEADQUARTERS
Order Your New Slovenian Flags from frangie s fashions. • ANY SIZE •
— We Ship Anywhere Around The World!
44119
HOURS:	MONDAY-SATURDAY 9:00-4 00
THURSDAY 9:00-9:00
6 . . . . CLEVELAND NEWS, Tuesday, March 11, 1952
DEAN OF HIS BUSINESS
Funeral Director
Here Is Busy at 85
BY ERNEST WITTENBERG A cabinet maker turned funeral director through a natural course of events in 1910, Joseph Zele at 85 is the dean of his business in Greater Cleveland.
The switch in professions came naturally for' in Zele’s native Yugoslavia, the cabinet maker frequently was called upon to build a coffin, ready made caskets being unknown there.
Zele, whose funeral home, at 452 E. 152d St. serves Cleveland’s Slovenian community, has directed an estimated 5,000 funerals since his licensing.
In 1912 he introduced Cleveland’s first motor-drawn hearse, a vehicle consisting of Packard twin-six engines and a chassis built by Zele. A dependable old harse was kept handy for emergencies.
“We needed the horse plenty ojf times,” Zele said.
Zele came to the United States in 1900 and was first employed iJteiJpg ehurch organ pipes at 17 cents an hour. When the Kuhlman Car Co. set up shop near his home on the East Side in 1903 hje joined the firm and began to nhake streetcars.
.Hyell known in the Slovenian ‘J neighborhood as the friendly man with the horse and buggy who cjould be depended upon to take al sick neighbor to the doctor, the h'ridal party to a wedding or a mourning family to a funeral, Zele decided to switch occupations W 1910.
i In those days funeral directors
were not required to have licenses, but Zele antipipated that day and attended the Worsham School of Embalming in Chicago.
Besides his wife, who died five years ago, Zele has had the experience of burying three other members of his family, all sons. Ferdinand Zele, a World War I aviator, died in an accident during the war. The others were August, 28 and Henry, 9.
Still fully active in his work, Zele is assisted by two sons, Louis, 41, who manages the branch funeral home at 6502 St.
Clair Ave., and Joseph Jr., 34, and a son-in-law, Sutton C. Girod, married to his daughter, Justine,
38. He has another daughter, Mrs. Josephine Hirter, 18315 Marcella Rd., and nine grandchildren.
JOSEPH ZELE
Happy 4th of July!
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9
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
10 Slovenians Became a Part of America
(Continued from page 1)
legion and still going strong recalled renting a room on East 64th and Glass Avenue in 1908 for which he paid
the munificent sum of $5 a month. He was a medical student then.
Frank Cesen, 84, who went on to become the popular Stric Matic of Slovene newspapers, found that $12 a month gave him board (two meals a day) and room in 1906. “Besides that, each boarder would have his own barrel of wine in the cellar,” Cesen remembers. “You could buy one for $9.00.”
This nectar of the gods, a staple of life of many young Slovene workingmen, came in handy during the awful influenza epidemic of 1918, when 3,000 Clevelanders died. Helpless doctors often turned to whiskey as a remedy. Many an old-timer will tell you today that he was able to survive the holocaust only because he had the foresight to keep his body in a state of constant inebriation.
“I was the president of a lodge then and I was going to so many funerals I was afraid I’d get sick too,” Cesen says. “So I went to a doctor and he ordered me to drink one pint of whiskey every week.”
Joe Gornick, neighborhood chronicler, remembers children going to school with their handkerchiefs soaked in camphor in order to ward off the disease. Others wore garlic in little bags around their necks. The funeral homes, Gornick recalls, were so overloaded that bodies were lined up in the parlors waiting to be embalmed.
The story may be apocryphal, but it is said that one morning an undertaker was startled to find a corpse missing. It turned out that the supposed dead man was an unfortunate alcoholic who had been brought to the funeral home in a drunken stupor. It is said he woke up during the night, ran out of the funeral home in terror, and never drank again.
But there were good times, too, revolving around the music and culture that Slovenes so revered. Dances, weddings and concerts were held at the eight halls in the neighborhood. The three most popular ones were Birk’s Hall, Grdina’s and Knaus’, all located on St. Clair, in the jumping section between East 60th an(j Norwood. When Matt Hoyer or Frank Butala played, the music would bounce off the walls every Saturday and Sunday until dawn.
The people could also
look forward to a parade nearly every Sunday. One of the many lodges in the neighborhood was sure to be holding one. Youngsters would sit proudly on the curbs to watch their fathers in their navy blue uniforms, marching sternly to the music of the Godba Bled brass band. They knew how to run parades in those days. You didn’t see any cars diluting them.
To top it off, there were the funerals. The whole neighborhood would turn out when an important person died, or when some tragedy occurred.
When the popular youth Anton Levstek was killed in a car crash on the eve of his marriage, people jammed St. Vitus and black streetcars were hired to carry the deceased and the mourners to Calvary Cemetery. The Godba Bled brass band led the procession. The same thing happened when a beautiful 18-year-old girl named Žlindra was shot to death by a jealous suitor, who happened to be married.
The halls were also the homes of the cultural groups that flourished. The Zora singers, organized in 1893, came first. Then followed the Triglav singers (1893) and Zarja (1916).
Plays were performed by the Lunder Adamic Lodge, the Ivan Cankar Dramatic Society, and the famed Sokols, who combined gymnastics with drama.
“I was in Lunder Adamic and Triglav even if I was tone deaf,” says Dr. Kern. A busy fellow. Dr. Kern also found time to publish a popular Slovene-English dictionary in 1917. One of the stagehands in Lunder Adamic was a youngster named Frank Lausche, later the senator.
“One time we were putting on a production of Shakespeare’s King Lear at Grdina Hall,” laughs Kern, strumming the chords of memory. “I was playing Lear and Lausche pushed the scenery and it fell on me right in the middle of the scene.”
There was always plenty of entertainment. Crowds gathered on Sunday afternoons to watch Peter Zebic, the mustachioed strongman who could twist steel bars into neckties, and they were enthralled with the elegant wizardry of the magician John Grdina.
“I was Grdina’s accomplice once,” says Kern. “He called me up on the stage and began pulling silk scarves out of my derby hat. The audience didn’t know that John had stuffed the hat
with a dozen scarves before the show.”
It was a young, lusty neighborhood, but there was little trouble on the streets. Anyone could walk them without fear. About the only real trouble resulted from crimes of passion, which often took place in the saloons.
“We always knew there was trouble when we’d see the white horses pulling the ambulances out of Ziehm’s,” recalls Cesen. (Ziehm’s funeral home was located where Zak’s is today. The old Zakraj sek’s was on Norwood.)
“The horses would usually head for some saloon” continues Cesen, “and often they’d pick up somebody who’d been knifed in a fight. The fights were always over girls. It was a custom brought over from the old country, when a boy from a different village faced a fight if he tried to get a girl from another village.”
Some of these paragraphs might irritate old-times who like to pretend that life on St. Clair was always safe and beautiful, but we include them for historical accuracy and on the principle that the truth is always good. There never was a society that succeeded totally in amputating danger and passion. A place like that would be a fairyland.
Plans for Hall
Old St. Clair was no fairyland. It was a throbbing, lively place with an influential nucleus of aggressive leaders. It was their dream to build a Slovenian hall that would stand like a diamond in the center of that life. Perhaps it would even remind generations yet unborn that once there reigned here an intelligent, industrious people. A home for Slovenians away from Slovenia, where they could hold their meetings and their plays and their dances. It was a worthy vision.
The Start
And so the leaders among them began to organize. Their first conference was held at Grdina’s Hall on August 3, 1914, with 42 lodges sending 105 delegates. The meeting lasted for two days in the steaming heat, with Joseph Kalan presiding. Two crucial decisions were made.
First, it was decided to call the proposed building “Slovenian National Home.” It had a nice ring to it.
Second, it was voted that shares in the hall would be sold for $10 each. This was quite a bit of money in those days, when many a man worked all week for $10.
Hoyer Trio i"
prime of Iheir popularity. Left is Matt Hoyer, center is I'ra” ^ Simms, and at right is Eddie Simms. Matt Hoyer, hand lea ^ organized the Hoyer Trio in 1919. Frankie Simms was professional boxer as was his brother Eddie. The latter l""l-
.loe Louis in Cleveland but was knocked out in the first ro
He then went on to Hollywood and performed in many m<>v'c
Vo!
pla
riti
Wc
the
According to the historian Janko Rogelj, the delegates collected $40.25 to get the ball rolling.
Then the meeting broke up, and foaming flagons of beer were raised in toasts all around. The immense project was off to a good start.
It is necessary here to tell of a man name Joseph Jarc, who by most accounts almost single-handedly instigated the first meeting.
Jarc, who came to America in 1903, had quickly adapted himself to the new ways. He learned English, became a notary public, taught citizenship school and was business manager of Ameriška Domovina. Brimming with vitality, obsessed with the idea of a national home, he brought together the many factions of the naturally competitive Slovenes for the first conference.
By the time of the next important meeting, March 15, 1916, about $10,000 in shares was already in the till. The conference adopted the bylaws and elected the first board of directors: Dr. Kern, president; Joseph Kalan, vice president; Frank Hudovernik, secretary, and Michael Setnikar, treasurer. Board members were Frank Cerne, Frank Jaksic, Matt Petrovič, Joseph Zele, Anton Kolar, Louis Pirc (editor of Ameriška Domovina), Ignac Smole, Rudolph Perdan, Zofka Birk, Primož Kogoy, and Frances Lausche.
Where, you may ask, was Joseph Jarc? Alas, the hero was being carried off the field of battle on his shield
with victory in sight. He ^ ^ on his deathbed
as ^ H
ad ^
meeting took place anc three days later, on ^ (i
18. Only 40, he was a vtc	*
“ wo* of buag l
the home proceedeo ^ ^ startling swiftness. 0n ruary 8, 1923, the first ^ was laid. On April 15,	^
the bands playing and a ^ ^
crowd watching, the codj,, ^ stone was put down. j ^ the year, the building s ^ clean and full.	. I
At laSt’ 0h debV fe'
1924, the grand cel ^ ^ and opening of the j, ^ nian National Home 0	^
Clair took place...
Slovenian Cultu^l ^
...Anton	. „A{\[ th,
plucked from the	$e
of the New York ^ ^
politan Opera chorus ri ^
to Cleveland for ^ " t(v tjr time in 1940. It was t'1^ ye
• ad°r , Independent ^arda	M
the name of , j bi
Matica, with Schu
be1
i^1 ii,
recting. Their first ^ was on September ’	^
Soloists were Belle, ^ ^ Plut. Carolyn Buda«1’ ^ Kmet, Frank John Nosan. Vera was at the piano. »bs^! ^ In Schubel’s j/1
during World ^ar^ ^ ^
Zorman took over	S
of G^y 5-
held the post
eci- jT' to 'Vi
rival in Cleveland, Ul	^
when Schubel ret^rntujrd
With Schubel s G,3Sb^‘	1
embarked on an°!^us Pj f did era. An am ‘	„	**
gram was under^ *' ,, grand opera	^	^
standard rather t ^ ^ h
(Continued on
page
Part of America
(Continued from page 10)
option on the Slovenian Home stage. Performances °f LaTraviata, Rigoletto, The Marriage of Figaro, II Tfovatore, Carmen, Barber of Seville and Die Flieder-maus thrilled audiences.
■tune Price, from her first Performance, became a erowd favorite with her eautiful alto and stage pres-ence- Edward Kenik, the stalwart tenor, took the lead ^°e >n nearly every opera tdasbena performed.
Dances
dances were held nearly eVeD Saturday and Sunday ! * e hall from the 20s into tlle early 50s.
You could always tell ®n a streetcar would come n’ Bealls Lou Trebar, the occ°rdionist. “We’d be up 0?1 e stage playing and all i tW a Sudden about 50 people inkif come in at once.” ltlCr voi UC*1 t^le activity re_
lMV! nl VCC* aroun(i the accordion ll!!. .^ers, who became celeb-i" this tight little Vl i|l(.rd "i i’6 fast was Hoyer,
** kinK8 0f, the tl nu 0X’ who always
^ ^»"ingdown. nV in his°bh0dy C0Uld tOUCh him
victim “and	says Trebar,
selv 'VC ad Patterned our-..jldif: allve?after him- But eventu-
1 ^ SimšSfJalf br0ther’ Eddie
n fel hetter ^'moncic) got even ;tbn< ear.” ' Eddie had a terriflc
> W't 'T'l
ahPf; also 6 8‘fted Eddie Sin?ms ;0< %l«erXCe"ed
as a prize-
Witl'',i hestT and Was one °T the , s# ever eavYWeights Cleveland ’	Pr°duced. Most people
°nly
remember him for the
i! ?^"Cckn„: hr'"!
c|ovf t.ou;„ at the hand of Joe
o'151 boundednt1936’ but he re' after t, to win main events
re , Other „
-frw °f tha) .accordion virtuosos sent'1' the fa dlTle Were Gribbons,
Set an^'^ °f the y°unSer
✓	ho)(er another reformed
seC0<1'' famecj f 0uis Spehek, also enth3 dr0Ve t°r the Model T he iof, Vears- it0r more than 20 aSbe|1. Ho a|°e (Shorty) Kalister, el \ che!ayS played with a •o^. ^Omu. °t tobacco in his < . lnh;and Jackie Zorc.
hke j ,6 younger men Vi aid sh nnV pecon, Trebar, h ^ °vic can^111311 Frank Yank-ila^ ^ce	to the hall to ad-
^°thih i art even further.
se^. th°se dal^1 ful1 houses in
"The ’ Said ^rchar. e di' Jshts -re ^ere quite a few
\9^ battlersd l,ke mo .
^^hborh3^6 from °ther 'd 3f; ° standh°0ds-1 used to like s'/ Nch tL 0,1 the stage and 6 a	Corners. There’d
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Jrive th?nCeS Continued to andleadrUgb tbe war’ when ^ ^T'^eiesrmch, ^okach kept the
hall jumping for another decade after that. In the later constellation came people like Eddie Habat, Johnny Vadnal, Kenny Bass, George Cook, Art Perko and Al Terček. Max Želodec always seemed to be playing in the annex.
Trebar and the great Pecon, of course, joined forces long ago and transcended all the eras. In the opinion of many, theirs is the classic Slovene band.
There is still a lot of life left in the old Slovenian Home and many great nights to come. Over a hundred years ago, the first Slovenians came to Cleveland and a multitude followed. They became a significant part of the industrial and colorful history of this magnificent city.
Bob Dolgan, the esteemed sports writer for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, wrote this article for the 50l" Anniversary booklet of the Slovenian National Home on St. Clair in 1974. . We have reprinted it with his kind permission.
A Summer Sizzler
(NAPS)—One of summer’s most enjoyable activities is barbecuing with friends and family. Each summer, “grillers” look for new recipes and special ingredients that will turn an ordinary outdoor gathering into a summer highlight.
This summer’s hottest barbecue recipe features rum from Puerto Rico and is called El Yunque Filet Mignon with Rum Butter. The rich flavor of rum makes it the ideal ingredient for marinating tenderloin. Try this recipe and watch your guests come back for more.
EL YUNQUE FILET MIGNON WITH RUM BUTTER
(makes 4 servings)
% cup Puerto Rican dark rum 1 tbs. lime juice 4 beef tenderloin steaks 3 tbs. butter lA cup minced shallots l/z tsp. crushed red pepper l/z tsp. salt
1 tbs. minced parsley Combine half of rum, shallots, lime juice and pepper in shallow dish. Add steaks. Marinate 30-60 minutes: turn once. Sprinkle with salt. Heat remaining rum, shallots, lime juice and pepper in small pan on pre-heated outdoor grill. Stir in butter a small piece at a time. Stir in parsley. Brush steaks with half of rum butter and grill 8-10 minutes. Turn; brush with remaining rum butter. Grill another 8 minutes or until desired doneness.
SLOVENIAN BRASS BAND - Top row (left to right): John Tanko, John Hribar, Andrew Pirnat, Mr. Mitchel, Louis Sadar, Ahacij Prežel, Anton Jereb, Otto Tekautz, Joe Zuzek. Second row: John Stibil, Joe Birk, John Taworsky, Director John Ivanush, Adolph Tekavec,
Anton Vesel, Steve Bartol. Bottom row: Anton Eppih, John Filipič, Joe Bukovec, Tom Oblak Jr., Victor Videmsek, Tom Oblak Sr., Andrew Bavdek. Seated are Hočevar Jr. and Tekavec Jr. (Photo taken in July, 1924 Identified by Joe Birk and Anton Jereb).
The Slovenian Bled Brass Band
The year was 1916. Europe was already at war two years. Slovenians then in America were concerned about their relatives in Slovenia, Austria.
They kept themselves busy organizing cultural and fraternal organizations. Among them, many were engaged in promoting National Homes, while others, musically inclined, organized what was then known as Slovenska Godba Bled or Bled Brass Band.
The director was the well-known John Ivanush, who also wrote the first Slovenian Opera performed in Cleveland.
The Bled Band performed at all openings of Slovenian Homes: Holmes Ave., in August 1919; Slovenian Society Home, Recher Ave., Nov. 1919; St. Clair Ave. in March 1924; and Waterloo Rd. Workmen’s Hall in January, 1927; and many others.
They began with their rehearsals in 1916 at Birks Hall, East 60th and St. Clair Ave., later moving across the street to Grdina’s Hall. When Slovenian Work-
men’s Home was completed, they moved to Waterloo Rd., where they also performed at many concerts and dances and played many classical numbers.
At a performance for an Independent Fraternal called Dosluzenci, celebrating their 10th anniversary in 1920, they played in the cold. All their instruments froze, and only the drummer was able to continue. The members of Lodge Dosluzenci, were mostly Veterans of the Austrian Emperors Army.
In 1917, when America was preparing for World War I, many members of Bled Band joined the Army Band in its recruiting drive for enlisting more soldiers. They performed many times in large Sokol parades, as well as funerals for deceased dignitaries.
This article was written by Jacob Strekal of Euclid, Ohio in 1976, the 200,h birthday of the United States. Thanks to Ron Zele for submitting it for inclusion in this Special Edition dedicated to the early Slovenians in Cleveland.
HAPPY BIR THDA Y, AMERICA!
FROM.
Euclid Travel
22078 Lake Shore Blvd, Euclid, Ohio
Expand your horizons call Euclid Travel
Creighton - Bonnie - Donna -Mary
22078 Lake Shore Blvd., Euclid, OH 44123
—Donna Lucas, Owner
(216) 261-1050 1-800-659-2662
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
How Sweet It Was
By Frank Zupančič
Disappearing almost completely from the American scene is the little neighborhood confectionery. It was more commonly referred to as the “candy store” by sweet-toothed youngsters.
If bread, milk, lunch meat and other staples were also sold, it miraculously took on the name “delicatessen. And when it happened to be located next to a theater, it was transformed into a “sweet shoppe,” a more regal appellation.
No matter what the name, it was a sugary wonderland for every youngster who would rush to the candy store whenever a penny could come his way.
In our St. Clair area, regressing 40 to 50 years, nearly every street corner was blessed with a confectionery. Among them some of the more well-known were Gorenc, Stepic, Vidmar, Norwood, Saye, Krajc, Samich, Zalokar, Blatnik, Perko, Novak, Svete, Stanič, Mesojedec, Mullec, Makovec, Orazem, Dezelan, Smrekar and Snyder (Happy’s).
In the thirties, during my youthful days, I would gladly exchange a one-cent coin for such treats as red or black licorice stick, jawbreaker (a super-sized gum-ball), bubble gum, mary-janes, and holloways.
And if it was an extraordinary day when one had two cents, there was a mysterious package called “Money Talks, ’ that contained two' caramel kisses and a Japanese toy or trinket.
Sports-minded tots could always collect baseball cards that came with a flat slab of gum called “Batter-up” or “Big League.” (Today these cards are collector’s items and are worth hundreds of dollars.)
Of course, there were rare instances when one didn’t crave sweets and would purchase instead at the candy store such diverse items as comic books, Big-Little books (both very popular and valuable today), jig-saw puzzles, airplane kits, balsa gliders, tops, marbles, yoyo’s, rubber baseballs and nickel-rocks, kites, whistles, kazoos, and propellers with spiral metal launchers.
And if you were feeling lucky you would insert a penny in the gum-ball machine. A red-striped yellow ball would guarantee a nickel candy bar, while a gold-wrapped one would entitle you to two bars of your choice. And even chocolate ice suckers might sometime have a hidden “free” imprinted on the wooden stick, and you would double your pleasure with another - courtesy of the candy store owner.
And another game of chance was a wrapped soft chocolate that would be torn on one end, and if a white dot, imbedded in the center of the dark goodie, appeared in view, a large five cent lollipop would be yours to enjoy the entire day.
Then there was the more expensive candy that was not displayed in the windows as the previously mentioned sweets. Instead such
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candy as mints, rock candy, peppermint leaves, orange slices were kept in heavy square apothecary glass jars. They were usually located on a high shelf - out of the reach of less honorable moppets.
Adults seemed to be the usual purchasers of these candies, although occasionally some status-seeking youngster, trying to impress his companions would also buy some.
I always admired the patience of the store owners who sometimes would wait five to ten minutes while we selected our bon-bons from the overwhelming assort-
refrigerators, ice cream waS
also purchased in bulk
available for eating at an^
time.	.
found
ment that were always displayed in the front window.
Sometimes, we would make up to ten visits a day and Stanic’s and Snyder’s on Norwood Ave. surely must have grown weary of our constant patronage - and waiting for us to make up our mind.
Changing economic times, inflation, and the su-permarkets-discount stores were the culprits that eventually forced the little candy stores from business.
Mass-marketed, large bags of candy in plastic packaging appealed to the consumers and since virtually everyone began owning
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Thus the youngster it unnecessary to travel to the nearby candy store - e had his sweet treats at |S fingertips - either in the re ^ frigerator - right at hornfi' ^ Somehow 1 think the loss C1{
of these candy stores
contributed in part to 551 boredom of our present-^) gr( children. For us, every trip101 ^
the candy store was an
venture. We would alwa)5 be alert for any small chores ^ that would pay a few cents ^ so we could make another trip to our Candy Store, A.
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In-Store Branches'-
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St. Clair Area Proud To Be Part of Cleveland’s Story
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By Vince Gostilna
The City of Cleveland *s celebrating its 200th
hrthday this year. Howler, next year, the St. air area will mark the 5th anniversary since 11 was annexed to the growing City of Cleve-lt his la*I. ic re- , ^ was accomplished tie. a Popular vote of the . loss [!lze"8 of the East has	Township,
; «»■ S 1S„f *■ Clai' from E. t-day n , street to Doan
"P«?? ®'.88‘l St')' At n ad- , , Jlme d was a sub-ways "rb»f Cleveland, bores , m°ng the leading
:nts' nitv6118 °f the commu-othef tsi ln were Judge
e A Bolton, William
" ^“•WH.Doan.Ja-
ie Hu
Becker, Chark |aefer, George Lewi Glass, Par &JSVater> Michai and:r’ William Spilk( many others.
Join- 18 area> jast befoi 8leeln^ ^leveland, was
tostl! rUral town wit
deris f-nVegetable ga °Us ptl ed by industr far eriaan immigrai ITU^8- But after 187 meaj of fBe counti were sul Plots ln^° resi(lentii I)enfl Lome-buildir n,a at a booming rate he. e Clair area we if ^asportation cent« failn Veland with tw
Ur°ads,

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the Li & Michi tw ern °n the h and the Lakev
Shore >0ath,
WhipkColianier Rai 7fst °riginated at H e!nf Lockyear k ast to Euclid, I ^°ad. Tbth and Cha: Ptiso ae later ei Was heavily
, lced u
Weue8y J°hn
°n^y street (Won) Were E. He /’	61 (Dane
Hrla a Addisor aler) d’ East Ma.
IV)’ ^ 6lst N
ltl Parent.081’^- Nt hesis are
old names of the avenues at the time of the annexation.
The main thoroughfare, St. Clair Street was a plank (board) road with horse-drawn street cars and coaches traversing from downtown to E. 105th where the village of Glenville was situated.
Two elegant mansions were in the area. At E. 55th and St. Clair was the Kindsvater home and at E. 65th and St. Clair was the Diemer Mansion. The later mansion is still standing, nestled behind the Slovenian	National
Home (where the club room is located).
A toll house stood at Addison and St. Clair
(Azman Meat Market site) where toll collectors gathered fees from horse-drawn vehicles. The money was used to maintain the plank road which existed on St. Clair Ave. All the side streets, however, were dirt roads and virtually impassable in inclement weather.
The Gidding Brook which entered the area from its origin in War-rensville, crossing at Superior and E. 67 St., Bayliss, Edna, Bonna, Carl, and on the west side of E. 63rd St., across St. Clair E. 62nd, where a bridge existed and then diagonally to E. 55th and into Lake Erie. Today, the creek is completely underground and is known as the Mayflower Culvert.
The Giddings Brook formed a huge pond at Norwood and Glass vicinity. In winter when the water froze, an ice-dealer sawed blocks of ice from the pond and stored them in an icehouse where, today the St. Vitus School is situated. The ice-house was a one-story building, 100 feet long. Inside, the ice was buried in the ground and covered with sawdust, thereby preserving it for summer sale.
There were two picnic grounds: the Germania Gardens on E. 55th near Bonna and the Bramley Orchard Grove at E. 71st and Donald. Both were very popular with the early settlers. Slovenians frequented the Germania Gardens while the Polish pioneers availed them-
100 WORDS MORE OR LESS
by John Mercina
History tells us that the Romans CAME SAW and
CONQUERED.
What will history say about Slovenians, the people small in number but having big hearts?
I______________
Slovenians also CAME SAW and
CONQUERED Slovenians came to this land of opportunity with love and devotion and made it a better new world !
Slovenians, at the turn of the century and again in the 1950*s came to “Amerika” to build homes, churches, fraternal organizations, and new businesses. They built, with strong hands and with God’s help, and died in defense of their new homeland. The fruits of their labors and sacrifices will be remembered by future generations.
CELEBRATE U.S. AND SLOVENIA’S FREEDOM !
selves of the Orchard Grove.
The only company on the north end of St. Clair was the Cleveland Gas and Coke Co. which originated in 1846. Artificial gas was extracted from coke and used for illumination. Today the company is known as the East Ohio Gas Co.
The first Slovenian to come to Cleveland was John Pintar in 1879 followed by the first Slovenian settler, Joseph Turk. By the early 1900s, the St. Clair area around E. 62nd began to change from predominantly German to Slovenian, and now in 1996 Slovenians are still a viable entity in the everyday life around St. Clair Avenue.
The Slapnik Building at 6102 St. Clair Avenue in Cleveland looked like this in 1905. George Travnikar was the first owner and operated a tavern and wine shop where Don and Nancy Slapnik Florist is today. Frank Sakser (2nd from left), owned a travel agency and was a notary public. He arranged for passage to America for many of our pioneer Slovenian immigrants.
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AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
Immigrating from Slovenia to Cleveland
14 ------------------------------
By Frank Cesen High in the mountains of northwestern Slovenia, live a group of people who are known as the Slovenians. Slovenia is beautiful and one of the most industrialized and progressive of the six former republics of the old Yugoslavia. The people are hospitable.
As was the case of most Europeans, greater economic opportunity was the primary cause of Slovenian migration to this country. They came as early as 1830. The majority came between 1890 and 1910.
Most of the early arrivals planned to stay awhile and earn enough money to return to their homeland and buy a little farm or pay the debt on the one they owned. But the majority of them changed their minds and stayed in America. Single boys got married and married men sent for their families.
The first Slovenes to come to Cleveland was John Pintar in 1879, but on account of homesickness he stayed here only five months. In 1881 Jozef Turk came from Zvirce, Dolenjsko. His daughter Gertrude, the first Slovene woman in Cleveland, followed him in 1884 and married Mike
Skebe. That was the first Slovenian wedding in Cleveland. Turk was born in 1838 and died in 1903. He rests in St. Paul’s Cemetery.
The Slovenians began life in Cleveland as common laborers, but many soon started businesses - mainly saloons, grocery stores and meat markets. The early settlers who came here before the 18th century were mostly peasants. The immigrants who came between 1900 -1914 were more or less industrial workers.
Life for foreigners in those days was not rosy especially for immigrants from Eastern Europe. They were discriminated against and exploited to the bones. Bosses in factories or mines were arrogant. They knew that workers didn’t have labor unions to protect them as they do today. Besides, there were thousands of men looking for jobs. The Slovenians called them “staparji.”
For factories, the Slovenians used their own names (Editor’s Note - For the sake of history preservation, we are listing the company names and their locations along with the Slovenian “nickname):
Bolcovna - Lake Erie Bolt & Nut - E. 63rd, near
the railroad track.
Ciganka - Madison Foundry, E. 65^ (Addison) and Metta
Dratovna — American Steel & Wire, E. 49* and Lake Side.
Fencova - Cyclone Fence, E. 54* and Marquette Ave.
Fondra - Chisolm-Moore, E. 47* and Hamilton
Kastrolka — Enamel Products, E. 53rd and Hamilton
Kulmanca — Kuhlman Streetcar Mfg., E. 140* and Deise Ave.
Koksovna - East Ohio Gas co., E. 62** north
Krtaoovna - Osborne Brush Co., 54* and Hamilton Ave.
Lek Sur - Lake Shore Lumber, E. 40* north.
Peaarna - Reliable Stove Co., E. 40* and Perkins Ave.
Pent Shopa - Patterson Sargent co., E. 39* North.
Retšpiel - H. P. Nail, E. 67* north
Skarjanca — Cleveland Punch & Shear, St. Clair at E. 30*
Solina - Union Salt (mine) at the foot of E. 65* (Addison)
železnica - Cleveland Hardware, East 43rd and
Hamilton.
In those days there was no safety nor pollution questions in factories. If you complained they replaced you with another man.
The wages for common labor in 1906 was low. I worked in the Lake Shore Michigan and Southern Railroad yards (now Penn Central) in the store house for 15c an hour and 60 hours a week. My monthly earnings were about $35. The work was hard. There was no time-and-a-half for overtime or Sunday work.
Of course the board and room was only $12 per
month, and a man’s suit cost $10 and up. But the livi"? standard was lower than if day.
Many men wore der! hats and button shoes. Then was no electricity in house on Hale Ave. For lig they used a gas with man ties. For cooking and heatn1: they had coal and woo There was no bathing fee'' ity and the toilet was on side. All the washing done by hand. A w00 e wash tub (škaf) served as bath tub. The men repair6 their own shoes.
My aunt on my r110* ef (Continued on page *
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An All-American Dessert For An All-American Holiday
living an to-
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(NAPS)—Family picnics, outdoor barbecues, Parades and fireworks mark the celebration of the ^ °t' our nation from coast to coast. And, because of ne typically hot temperatures associated with ^dependence Day, Jell-O® Gelatin is a natural for cre-nbng refreshing star spangled desserts.
All-American Dessert, in its red, white and blue col-ors> is a cool trifle that is a traditional favorite. It’s ®asy to prepare, looks elegant, yet, fits into a backyard ^arbecue. The recipe calls for a perfect blending of freshing gelatin, whipped topping, luscious pound cake and fresh fruit.
,	Adi American Dessert
’ cups boiling water
Package (8-serving size) or 2 packages (4-scrving size) Jell-O brand gelatin dessert, any 1 red flavor
Package (8-serving size) or 2 packages (4-serving size) Jell-O brand berry blue flavor gelatin dessert ‘ cups cold water
1 tUKS Cu^ec^ pound cake
ub (8 ounces) Cool Whip whipped topping, thawed
cups sliced strawberries or 3 medium bananas,
sliced
Stir 2 cups of the boiling water into each flavor gelatin in separate bowls at least 2 minutes until ^•upleteiy dissolved. Stir 1 cup cold water into ch bowj pour }nto separate 13xl9-inch pans. : ^trigerate 3 hours or until firm. Cut each pan p/^'inch cubes.
i A~ace red gelatin cubes in 3x/2-quart bowl or wb• 6 ^>ovvb Layer with cake cubes, 1/2 of the . tupped topping and strawberries. Cover with top0	cubes. Garnish with remaining whipped
gj Refrigerate at least 1 hour or until ready to serve, c^c leftover dessert in refrigerator.
Makes 12 to 15 servings.
Happy Birthday, America! Congratulations, Cleveland on your 200th birthday!
Best Wishes to Slovenia on the 5th Anniversary of Independence
FEDERATION OF SLOVENIAN NATIONAL HOMES
1996 Roster
President - Patricia Ipavec Clarke Is1 Vice President - Anthony Mannion 2nd Vice President - Robert Hopkins Financial Secretary - Jean Fabian Recording Secretary - Helen Urbas Corresponding Secretary - Celeste Frollo Executive Secretary - Charles F. Ipavec Auditors: Lou Grzley, Bob Royce, Anna Mae Mannion Historians: Joe Petrie, John Habat
v
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AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
Immigrating from Slovenia to Cleveland
(Continued from page 14) side (A.P.) had 10 to 12 boarders and she did not have any help except her husband who helped with the dishes. The poor woman was down and out in the evenings. The only comfort for her and her husband was the thought that some day they would have an easier life by saving a little money with the boarders and then go back to Europe.
Grocery and meat was delivered once a week with horse and wagon. Grocery bills were paid every first day of the month (na bukvice) because the men in factories were paid at the end of each month. Many thrifty women went for grocery and meats to central market downtown.
The majority of the streets were not paved and the mud was terrible, but street peddlers sold fruits and vegetables. Many streets didn’t have sidewalks or had wooden ones. There were no lights on side streets. But there was little crime.
Since the boarders were comparatively young and healthy, the doctor was very seldom called, as my aunt knew all kinds of home remedies which they passed down to each other.
However, when Dr. James Seliškar and Dr. F. J. Kern came walking down the street with their black bags, everyone was in deep concern.
The life of boarders was monotonous except on Sundays. Before supper they chipped in nickels for buckets of beer which was very cheap and strong in those days. They then played cards almost every evening. Some of them wrote letters to their families in the old country and some patched their work clothes. In order to save money, they cut each other’s hair in their rooms instead of going to the barber.
On Saturdays the young ones went to saloons and had a good time. They drank and danced with the girls. All the Slovenian saloons had accordion players. In some saloons the customers got free lunch provided they bought a glass of beer which cost only a nickel.
Payday was a semiholiday. After the boys paid their board, the landlord brought a gallon of Ohio wine from the basement to drink to good health. Everybody had a good time. Soon they started to sing - which is characteristic for Slovenian people.
Then a Jewish peddler dropped in with different merchandise from needles to underwear. He usually made a good business because he was willing to bargain. The saloon-keeper next door also got his share. So, everybody was happy for a couple of days.
On Sunday mornings most of the boys had hangovers, but my aunt (who was very religious) called us to go to church. That was a must. In order to avoid arguments we all got up. Some went to church and some went to saloons.
Wedding receptions (ohcet) took place in private houses. There was plenty to eat and drink. There were also some uninvited guests -especially boys who sometimes created trouble. The accordion was for dancing. And for big weddings the Hoyer trio - the only Slovenian orchestra at that time, played.
The trio played polkas and waltzes including folk dances and “povštertanc” (pillow dance) after midnight. At midnight the bridesmaid (tovarišica) took the veil (krancel) off the bride’s head and the guests sang “Venček na glavise” and “Sinoči je pela.”
The Slovenes are progressive and ambitious people. They started to organize fraternal societies to help them in case of sickness and death. The first one in Cleveland, “Slovenija,” was organized in 1895.
The first singing society was “Zora” established in 1897, and the first dramatic society was “Triglav” organized in 1903. In 1904 Jerney Knaus built the first Slovenian hall with a stage on St. Clair Ave. but, this is another chapter in our history.
Mr. Cesen passed away June 11, 1983.
Happy 4th of July!
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6405 Fleet Ave. Cleveland, Ohio
883-9549
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21601 Euclid Ave.
481-8800
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20941 Euclid Ave.
692-3900
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Call BILL GABRIEL 731-6888	Fax:729-2840	/
8251 Mayfield Road - Suite 208 Chesterland. 044$^
Interburban had comfort, speed
By Frank Zupančič
‘Rdeča Kara,” or “Red ^ar was a common expres-s'°n in vogue among the Slovenians of northern Ohio Pr'or to 1926.
course, what they "ere referring to were the ^rvelous crimson-colored Merurban Trolleys, specifi-J‘hose of the C.P. and E.
leveland, Painesville and Eastem System).
The trolleys were elec-r'cally Powered much like a reetcar, but in general ap-^arance they had the heavy
imi 3 tra'n car- These 0 eys were able to attain a aximum speed of 80 miles r hour but the authorized J1}11 Was regulated at 60
'’’lies in tU
n rhe open country-
WPriort° 1926, there were L "’tor-urban companies, £l rari'ating from downtown |joaVe'and in different direc-ev S' I'1 this article, how-Jr- oniy one, the C.P. & E. 111 be described.
^his line operated on
two separate sets of tracks to Willoughby, Ohio. One was called the Main Line (originated 1896) and traveled chiefly on Euclid Ave. (Rte. 20). The other was the “Shore Line” branch (originated 1898) that ran on St. Clair Ave. to Willoughby. There the two merged into one set of tracks and proceeded to Painesville, ending the trip at Ashtabula.
It took little more than an hour and a half to reach Painesville from the center
of Cleveland. The final leg of the journey from Painesville to Ashtabula (30 miles) consumed only one hour.
Farmers in the outlying areas often employed the “Red Car” for freight purposes shipping milk, meat vegetables, etc. into the Forest City. On the return trip the farmers received needed agricultural equipment, hardware supplies and other essentials.
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Many old-timers concur that the old interurban was a wonderful way to travel. Many would take the Shore Line trolley to Geneva, Ohio. The trip was made in style, plush red or green seats, with the first four being reserved for smoking, provided a most comfortable journey.
Fares were determined by distance traveled. The Geneva trip charge was 60 cents one way. There were also special excursions to amusement parks such as Luna Park, White City, Euclid Beach, and WiMo-Beach.
(Continued on page 181
To All Our Customers or Friends — Happy 4th of July
SMREKAR
HARDWARE
6112-14 St. Clair Ave. 431-5479 Cleveland, Ohio
Happy 4th of July!
The Republic of Slovenia
202-667-5363
Embassy, Washington, O.C.
Or. Ernest Petrič, Ambassador
216-589-9220
Honorary Consulate, Cleveland, Ohio
Or. Karl B.Bonutli, Honorary Consul
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AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
is Interburban had comfort, speed
(Continued from previous page)
It was even possible to charter a black electric trolley for a funeral trip to any of the distant cemeteries. A total of 55 mourners could be seated during the sad trip.
Since most of our more mature readers may have forgotten the exact route of the Shore Line inter-urban, we will detail the entire journey to Ashtabula. We hope it will bring back many pleasant memories.
The Shore Line (Red Car) began its run from across the street from the old Stone Church on Ontario St. in downtown Cleveland. It then proceeded on St. Clair east and alongside the New York Central Tracks to E. 140th	It ran down
Aspinwall to Saranac Rd. and rejoined the E. 152n<^ branch of the St. Clair line to Waterloo Road. It continued east on that road, crossed Nottingham Rd. (and car barns) and turned left on E. 185th st.
Then the Red Car traveled north of the east side of E. 185th st. until it reached Lake Shore Blvd. Then it headed east to Vine St. turning on vine to Euclid Ave. in Willoughby where it merged into one line with the Main line.
From there it continued on to Painesville and completed the trip at the end of the line - Ashtabula.
Alas, however, with the advent of the automobile and competing bus lines, the Inter-urban’s days were numbered.
Steadily declining revenues and ridership in the early 1920s forced the C.P. and E. to go into financial bankruptcy. May 20, 1926 marked the sad day of the
final run of the Red Car.
Within 13 years of that day, all of the other inter-urbans disappeared completely from northeast Ohio.
It is ironic that today, more than a half century later our city transit planners are promising that within a few years, it will be possible to journey via rapid-transit to Euclid.
Another experiment is the “rail-bus” that is running from Mentor, Ohio to downtown Cleveland, but no final conclusions have been made public about the suc-
cess or failure of this trial run.
And just consider that almost a century ago, one could travel via inter-urban to Ashtabula, Columbus, Toledo, Detroit, Cedar Point and all the way to Boston, Mass, by transferring cars at the state lines!
Now it is hoped that with our modern technology we will again have an Inter-urban System similar to that of the 1890s, but how long it will take is anybody’s guess.
These are the puzzling paths of progress in our age of modern achievements.
Happy 4th of July!
To All Our Customers and Friends
Slovenian Workmen’s Home Auxiliary
fr-g,	15335 Waterloo Road
Phone: 531-5378
Fish Fry Every Friday HALLS AVAILABLE FOR RENTAL
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21900 Euclid Avenue, Euclid
481-5277
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association
19424 South Waterloo Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44119 \ Phone: 216- 531-1900	Fax: 216- SSI^o^
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Cleveland Accounting Service
6218 St. Clair Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44103
________ 881-5158
— Visit Us Soon —
Mary Vesel Family Phone: 243-7373
nlii0
7533 Pearl Rd., Middleburg Hts, ^
Obiščite nas kmalu. ••	.
Cooking Corners
Going Meatless Gradually Beginning With Burgers
(NAPS)—According to Yankelovich Partners, a leading polling and trends analysis organization, most vegetarians say they switched to a plant-based diet for health reasons, mainly to reduce saturated fat in their food in order to control cholesterol. Yankelovich also reports that 52 percent of vegetarians say that their switch to meatless eating was gradual and that they phased in the diet over time.
If you’ve considered a meatless way of life but aren’t sure how to start, today you’re in luck: As vegetarianism in the U.S. has grown—estimates set the total at 12.4 million Americans—so has the Proliferation of prepared vegetarian foods. That means you don’t have to Jearn a new way to cook to begin going veggie.
Some of the tastiest •Peatless products on the parket now are main-stream items, such as veg-®tari an pizza, lasagna and burgers. One of the most Popular meatless burgers >s the Gardenburger®, a delicious grain, mushroom and mozzarella cheese-based patty that can be ound in the freezer section 0| your local natural foods store or supermarket.
Whether toasted or Snlled, the Gardenburger,
Produced by Wholesome ®nd Hearty Foods, Inc. of . ortland, Oregon, is a sat-'siying and delicious alterative to meat. Each patty c°mes fully cooked and ready to use. You can serve be veggie burger just as ,u would a hamburger—
"uth “the works”—safe in
the knowledge that this burger will be lower in cholesterol and saturated fat, and higher in fiber than its meat counterparts.
GARDENBURGER WITH THE WORKS
1 Gardenburger patty
1 whole grain bun
1 tablespoon lowfat mayonnaise
1 teaspoon prepared mustard, optional 1/4 cup alfalfa sprouts
1	thin slice red onion
2	slices medium tomato Carrot curls
Heat Gardenburger according to your favorite method. Spread cut sides of whole grain bun with mayonnaise and mustard. Cover cut side of bottom half of bun with sprouts. Top with onion, heated Gardenburger, tomato and top half of bun. Garnish dish with carrot curls. Makes 1 serving.
Nutritonal Analysis Per Serving: 300 Cal., 12.5 g pro., 7.2 g fat (19% Cal. from fat), 45.8 g carb., 7 mg chol., 6.8 g fiber and 534 mg sodium.
Safety Tips From Truck Drivers
(NAPS)—Some of the nation’s top truck drivers with more than 100 million accident-free miles among them are offering useful safety tips to help motorists and truckers share the road.
Staying clear of a truck’s blind spots and keeping a safe distance between your automobile and a truck are two safety tips worth remembering.___________
Staying clear of a truck’s “blind spots” and keeping a safe distance between your automobile and a truck are just two of several safe driving tips suggested by a select group of truck drivers to make the nation’s highways safer.
These were the most frequently given suggestions:
•	Avoid tailgating.
•	Stay out of blind spots to the sides and the rear of trucks. This is known as the “No-Zone.”
•	Do not exceed speed limits.
•	Use turn signals.
•	Maintain speed when passing a truck.
•	Do not pull in front of a truck unless it is visible in your rear-view mirror.
An informative brochure about the No-Zone and safely sharing the road with trucks is available free by calling the No-Zone hotline at 800-644-1744.
mllCDEN ®	AND	/
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IMITATED BUT NEVER EQUALED	
JOSEPH M. HALISH	8000 Plaza Blvd.
Sates	Mentor, OH 44060
216/255-4141 »951-8713	Fax: 216/255-6165
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STOP IN AT
BRONKO’S
Drive-In Beverage
510 East 200th St Euclid, Ohio 44119
DMH Corp. 531-8844
Imported Slovenian Wines
Imported Slovenian Wines
Radenska Mineral Water. Various soft drinks, pretzels, popcorn. UPS service
— We have Ohio Lottery and Instant Ohio Lottery tickets —
Open Mon. - Thur. 10 a.m. - 9 p.m. Friday - Saturday 10 a.m. - 10 p.m. Sunday (No wines sold) 11 a.m. - 5 p.m. Domestic and Imported Beer & Wine
— Owner - David Heuer
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Happy 4h of July to AH Our Customers
-The PIKE FAMILY
■ ■ : ■ A
.	............. ......... •	-:: ■y.'',’-
'
ED PIKE
HYUNDAI SUZUKI LINCOLN MERCURY VOLKSWAGEN
9647 MENTOR AVE., MENTOR, OHIO _
Quality Service - Sales - Body Shop
ON MENTOR-PAINESVILLE TOWNSHIP LINE ROUTE 20
PHONE LAKE COUNTY 357-7533 - PHONE CUYAHOGA 942-3191
gi gj Daily Car Rental - Lease Long or Short Term on All Lincoln - Mercury ■ Volkswagen
j j, ami|y That Works Together... Ed Pike, cenfer, owner of Ed all f.* 'nco*n Mercury, 9647 Mentor Ave., Mentor, Ohio invites ,,s fellow Slovenians to come to his showroom
ED PIKE
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
Railroads Provided Jobs for Immigrants
By Joe Ferra
In early 1908 and after, many of our Slovenian pioneers from old Austria came to the Collinwood area seeking better jobs and more money. Most of them came from farm country with no trade and were willing to accept any type of job.
The New York Central Railroad in Collinwood was the place where our settlers got the job. They were called “Greenhorns” or “Greeners” in Slovenian. But the workers didn’t care what they were called as long as they had a job to make a living for themselves and their family. Most of
them had to start as laborers with only a 20<t an hour pay. They were also called greasemonkeys because of all the oil they got on themselves oiling engines and cars.
But one thing was for sure you would not get laid off; you had a steady job. The only problems occured in 1911 with a strike and a worse one in 1922 where they broke the union and had to go back to work and did not gain anything.
Here are the names of a few Slovenians who worked for the New York Central, now Conrail: Tony Bokal, Tony Anzlovar, Mike Anzlin, Tony
Zupančič, Andy Petelinkar, his son, August, John and Peter Uerlich, Baragar brothers (five of them), Urankar brothers (four of them), Frank Brcar, Paul Tomazic, Louis Zupančič, Joe Novak, Matt Kastelic, and 100 others. Also Charley Terček worked in the office, his father worked in the lumber yard. Two others were John and Joe Šuster, the father of our State Representative, Ron. It was a good place to work, although it was not much money, and heavy and a dirty job. But it was steady, and the money was clean. I worked there from October, 1924 until June, 1966.
In 1918 a group of Slovenians gt together. They were hard workers am began building the first Slovenia-Home in Collinwood. It was finish1 in 1919.
EDITOR’S NOTE: Mr. Ferra wj this article for the August 17, 1 arti< edition of American Home dedicak njar
to the Collinwood Slovenian Honk iee Mr. Ferra has led an interesting * com having emigrated to the Uni ^ States as a young man. He was we 0bst known in fraternal circles. He ^ »ani since passed on to his eternal rewaf of
Ji Slower &rooDS in Qollin^ood
A small satchel, a bundle of meager possessions, and a packet of identification papers were all the material goods immigrants brought to this country. They left behind their tiny homelands to come here to start again, to build anew. And build they did: a variety of organizations, buildings, and communities. Ultimately, they built a great and prosperous nation.
It was not the tangible items the immigrants brought which fashioned these United States.
Rather the intangibles—a heart filled with courage, a soul yearning for freedom, a character unafraid of hard work—created the lush and colorful tapestry which is America.
Our Slovenian predecessors exhibited these characteristics. The wave of Slovenian immigration barely rolled over these shores when it began to build and cultivate. In the Collinwood area of Cleveland, it built a Slovenian Home on Holmes Avenue and cultivated the seed of a flourish-
Happy 4,h of July
ANGELA’S Family Restaurant
Breakfast Served from 5 a.m. on... Sundays 6 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Lunch and Dinner features DFUCrOUS HOME-COOKED MEALS
7121 St. Clair Avenue - Cleveland
-881-2342 -
Happy 4th of July
FROM
The Jerse Family
Ed, Shannon, Teddy and Mairin Anne Jerse
ing flower, the drama society Liliia.
The needs and desires for a drama group were many and varied. The new immigrants wanted to preserve their beautiful Slovenian language, to pay tribute to the rich Slovenian culture, to foster unity among the immigrants in a new and sometimes strange land, and, of course, to have a good time. _____________
So it was that on August 18, 1919, one week before the grand opening of the Collinwood Slovenian Home, a group of young people gathered to organize a drama society. They elected 20-year-old Louis Jerkič as president and nameni themselves dra-mntsko društvo “Libia.” Some of those organizing members were France and Jože Matoh, Henrik Batič, Boštjan Trampuš, Krist Stokcl, and Jože Glinšek.
- font
Martin Nagode, to fill ran^[1 ’tail Collinwood’s drama soC1 % Among the new Lilija f lew were Rudi Knez, Ivan thej, Anton Nemec, and JuUca^ . ^
Lilija-s fira %
duebon was presented o . ary 24, 1952. Since thcn’ ^ j,. has staged an unbroken
ie<
comedies and dramas, as

1	’ kt
presenting Mardi dances, Jd ciucts, and testimonials.
a fa:
Happy
4th of July!
vte UAVL M0R£...
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Pricmt Wtettv* 7/1/05
Jim’s Journal
By Jim Debevec
r ]9|JJ	. ^eading through ' these
die#"'*5 by ,hc early Sl0v<,•
Home P10neers we can easily ,if£ how they came to this
^ ited |0untry filed with hope, de-well- *minatl°n to overcome all
Uni’
He t>as !;taCleS t0 succeed; preser-eward ,if m to keeP the customs ^	fi16'1- motherland
; 0venia) alive; adaptabil-f0 ~ .t0 t*1e rnanners and ranks01	ar>d demands of
sociei? lr new country; and to {^nce the culture of their akom'1 ,i , c°untry by displaying |Zalat J' °Wn brand of folk cus-var!lS,n andrelieving ^eir ten-through boisterous playing of
n.^ jging and the
;5>
es, ^ and ie accord,on was small
Ch * POrtable and
P'easan! 3 qUlck supply of tntnh entertainment. The
Cs C0uld be happy for
a bj nssuch as a wedding, Party or anniversary bilgin'' Td for a tuneral or fjnn^ tor the mountains,
leir h°r r'vers and sea °t n°t0 I°meiand so far away, % ^ *n rndes> hut in life-
lain^vi036 who could enter-icCQr(1 the accordion were >0^- d the highest social 'rants 3S amon8 the immi-and that pattern has
Crimes” by E. Annie Proulx. It is centered around an old accordion.
The novel begins with the accordion maker who assembled it in Italy and took it with him to New Orleans. From there it traveled from person to person across America at the hands of varied good and amoral characters. Brooke Allen, writing in the Wall Street Journal says about the book, “One of the gifts this book accords its readers is the opportunity to look at the past and to see, for a moment, what America meant to our not-so-distant forebears... The most striking feature of this America is its harshness and the life of back-breaking labor it almost invariably offered. Even the more “successful” immigrants... worked harder than we can even conceive of, only 100 years later.”
That is the life the pioneers Slovenians lived in America, and that is the story of this newspaper dedicated to Cleveland, and most of all — to us... the beneficiaries of our staunch, wonderful trailblazers who gave up so much, did so much so we can enjoy the fruit of their magnificent dream which they fought for with muscles, tears, and unbridled determination.
Not Much Money; But People Had Good Time
By Joe Gornick
I remember the St. Clair area where I was born, on E. 63rd, north, called Oxford (prior to 1905).
Some other names of streets in those days were Wilson (E.	55tfi), Lyons
Ave. (E. OOlh), Dana (E. 61 St.), Munich (E. 62r>d), Di-emer (E. 64 St.), and East Madison (Addison).
There were four movie houses in the St. Clair area: Case Theater at E. 41st and St. Clair; Chic, E. 58th St.; Wilson at E. 55th south of St. Clair; Addison E. 65th (where Society was a few years ago). The movie houses featured cowboy and Indian pictures. There was high unemployment and times were hard. - You were admitted to the Addison theater for 2 potatoes or any other vegetable.
I remember when my father worked at the Union Salt Co. (Solina as Slovenians called it), the salt mine was on E. 65th where a trucking company was, and now WJW-TV, Channel 8.
The hourly rate for unskilled labor at that time was 7 to 10 cents an hour. Tradesmen received higher wages; there were no unions. It was mostly manual labor and no modern machinery.
Sausages, rice and blood, would last thru the winter. After smoking with hickory wood they would hang the meat sausages on the rafters in the attic.
People did not have too much money, but they had a lot of fun. They were days of togetherness, and cooperation, and everyone gave you a helping hand. Brotherly love, which is lacking today.
For entertainment, the game “Dominoes” was played, or listen to a crystal set if you had one, bake potatoes in the oven or pop
corn on top of the big old stove in the kitchen. Everyone enjoyed it. there was no television.
The St. Clair Recreation Center, E. 63rd was occupied by Shaw’s Livery Stable. You could rent a horse and wagon for moving sand or household goods.
Black street cars were used to take the deceased to the cemetery.
Louis Pirc, editor of the American Home, held citizenship classes at the public library on E. 55^h and St.
(Continued on page 23)
aay.
*arge degree to this "ap 6 ^erican-Slovenian
\ ofSt wben *n the presiti ^°od s'n£'nS’ or
Sinnes p*ayed hy a band
S,;8 tbe tunes of an
, l0n.
Presently reading a bo°k “Accordion
We Wish You a Happy 4th of July
RICHMOND
Restaurant
25911 Euclid Ave!
Euclid, Ohio 44143 Phone: 261-5430
To All Americans - We Wish a Happy 4th of July Holiday
Greetings from the Members of
St. Clair Business Association
6220 St. Clair Ave.
Cleveland, O. 44103
The St. Clair Business Association was established to provide the businessmen of the community a forum for the mutual exchange of ideas. It further dedicates itself to motivate the effective cooperation and communication necessary for the instilling of pride, the establishment of confidence, resulting in the creation of a more wholesome community atmosphere.
Support Your Member Merchants
An,°n Crdina’s early funerals in 1908. This historic St. Clair
l/ ^rs. r?*0 Sho'VS *he stores that were operated by our Slovenian U^ashe C S,<>reS owners are’ lef( 10 right, 6105 John Gornik- Tailor-0°ds: 6113 |6,°7 Frank Suhadolnik, Shoes; 6111 John Grdina, Dry Joseph Gornik, Tailor; 6117 Frank Gornik, Shoes; 6119,

Ameriška Domovina (then called Clevelandska Amerika); 6121 Frances Lavse (Lausche Tavern); 6127 Anton Grdina, Funeral Director and Furniture; 6129 Jerry Knaus, Dry Goods.
Thanks to Mr. Stanley Frank for this valuable pictoral relic of the early 1900s.

AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
The colorful story of Collinwood Home
Ohio Folklife Festival set at Ohio State Fair
“Multicultural Day is an
“Hi, stranger, where do you hail from?” Frogsvile was the reply. Yes, the section now known as “5 Points” was settled by a Pennsylvania farmer about 1810. The area was very swampy. Despite the many wild animals that ventured to and from a swamp in its midst, the swamp was inundated with frogs, hence the name Frogsville.
The village prospered gradul-ly. In 1852 the arrival of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad gave the town their first look at something called a locomotive.
The next 25 years Frogsville became a booming settlement.
A railroad repair shop, a roundhouse, and a post office materialized. By 1890 more than 100 buildings had been erected.
In 1868, the name of Frogsville was changed to Collinsville after a Railroad engineer by the name of Charles Collins of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. In 1875 Collins committed suicide and the name was again changed, this time to Collinwood.
Soon after the civil war, a man by the name of Spencer Dilly opened up a coal and lumber yard on the site that later became the Collinwood Shale and Brick Company.
His son Spencer Jr. operated the business for many years. It was eventually sold to a Mr. Moatz.
In 1905, a young lad of 13 years, Anton Vidmar was hired to do various light jobs. In 1910 the manufacture of brick was started. A few years later, Anton Vidmar was promoted to Superintendent of the brick operation.
The greatest influx to Collinwood of Slovenian and Croatian immigrants came from 1910 until 1930. They settled north off St. Clair, west to E. 140th, and east to Nottingham. The section was largely occupied by German and Irish families. They looked down on the newcomers, calling them Polocks and Hunkies. Through hard work and their friendly disposition, the immigrants soon earned the respect of the so-called Americans.
In 1916 and 1917, there was talk of building a Slovenian Home. After many months of meetings, the committee finally resolved the financial and other construction problems. The main contract was given to Mr. Rozman, a local builder.
During the construction of the Home, many neighbors helped the unloading and carried the bricks and mortar to the brick layers. It was reported that for every thousand bricks purchased, the Collinwood Shale donated an equal amount. What a grand gesture of the Collinwood Shale Company.
Stan Erzen
The original Collinwood Shale still exists on Saranac Road. However, the main office has been moved to Garfield Hts. The company went into the concrete business in 1937. The brick manufacturing was phased out in 1964.
The concrete operation was taken over by the Strohm Family in 1967.
In retrospect, two of the business avenues in the predominantly Slovenian neighborhood were Holmes and Saranac. In the 20’s, there were 34 business establishments. The depression in the 30’s played havoc with the neighborhood. Of the original businesses, only four remain on each street. The longest continuous establishment is the Wallands Saloon, which has been in the family since 1912.
The Holmes Slovenian Home was finally completed in 1919. In August, after the toil, frustration and some minor headaches, the goal was achieved. On August the 24th, the grand opening of the Holmes Avenue Hall was celebrated.
What a grand opening it was.l was 14 years old at the time, it was a bright sunny day and the affair was full of music, singing and other merriment.
The outlook for the Holmes Slovenian Home is very bright. The halls have been renovated, the parking lot enlarged to easily accommodate large crowds. The edifice is in good shape. The management of the Holmes Slovenian Hall is in good hands and progressing very well.
I have just touched some of the highlights of the history about Collinwood and the Holmes Slovenian Home.
I feel very grateful to be chosen one of the honorees in the reclining years of my life.
I am the oldest club room member in age and attendance from 1919 to 1996 - ? and beyond.	—gtan j E^eii
The 1996 Ohio State Fair will feature multicultural and ethnic performing groups from across the state during the celebration of the Ohio Folklife Festival and Multicultural Day.
Performers will be showcased at the State Fair in the Celeste Center on opening day, August 2, during the taping of the Ohio Lottery’s Cash Explosion Show, which is rated No. 1 in all nine television markets in the state covering over 1.5 million viewers.
Multicultural and ethnic performing groups will also perform during the observance of Multicultural Day, which is scheduled for Sunday, August 11, at the Ohio Stage located just north of the Cox Fine Arts Center
Entertainment at the Ohio Stage begins at 11 a.m. and continues throughout the day.
“Janet and I are looking forward to these special days of multicultural programming at the Ohio “State Fair,” said Governor Voi-novich. “These activities offer a tremendous opportunity for Ohio’s many multicultural and ethnic performing groups to share their talents with all Ohioans and visitors to our state. We encourage everyone to join us for what promises to be quality, fun-filled family entertainment for Ohioans of all ages, and an opportunity to see the great Ohio State Fair with family and friends.”
important event for the Ohio ^ State Fair and fits the Gov-' ernor’s lifelong commitmer to promote our nationality and ethnic communities an performing artists, August B. Pust, Special Assistant to the Governor oi Multicultural Affairs an International Relations “Some groups will be Per forming for the first time a the Fair. We are expecting, number of groups to part
P For further inform^ regarding the Ohio Fo Festival ° or MultW^ Day, contact August B. or Mark A. Ozanick in Governor’s Office at 644-0896.
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Always a brillianl orator. La use he drew crowds at the drop of a hat when he was Mayor of Cleveland in the early ’40s.
Doctors say prolonged exposure to noises over 90 decibels can lead to hearing loss. A typical rock concert is about 100 decibels, a jet engine 800 feet away around 110.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM
1560 on Your A.M. Dial on WATJ
Your Host Mario Kavcic
American and International Selections Saturdays at Noon . . .
1560 WATJ • Box 776
(216) 286-1560
Chardon, Ohio 44024
1-800-946-1560
Y‘

Fax (216) 286-2727

Happy 4th of July
FROM
Michael
Polenšek and Family
Councilman Ward 11
Cleveland, Ohio
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' is an : Ohioj Gov-! itmeni1 jnalit; es anii sail) al As-or for1 ; and ationS' e P«r' imeat ctinga Darticf
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B. Pusl in ^
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(Continued from page 21)
Clair. Anton Grdina and James Debevec succeeded Mr. Pirc as editors of the American Home. They helped many people with their Problems. Not only with tlle'r time, but with their money. And those “lawyers” ^n t charge a dime.
You never left a partially filled glass of beer unattended; it would soon disappear. A couple of guys would sit around watching the bar and the beer glasses. They were called “Barflys.” No women were allowed in the saloons. They would
get beer for their hardworking husbands by the back door with a pail under their aprons.
Who owned automobiles? Businessmen only - and very few of them. The same goes for household appliances, washboards were
used, and irons were heated on the coal and wood-burning stoves.
Toilets were not in the house. Children took turns taking a bath, in a wooden tub, near the kitchen stove.
In 1917 newspapers sold for a penny.
I attended St. Vitus school We were taught Slovenian and German.
When school let out around June 15 most boys went barefooted and got a baldheaded haircut.
Our breakfast consisted of “zgonce” - com meal mush every morning^
Fun Facts About Fireworks
(NAPS)—This summer, millions of people will turn out for some of the season’s most exciting spectator events—fireworks displays.
Here are some fun and |a8cinating facts that will nelP you appreciate the spectacular display you see this year.
Fireworks operate by controlled combustion. How ne pyrotechnician wants a Particular firework to per-mrm determines which ubstances are used and “ow they are packed into ne firework casing.
mack powder, or old-ashioned gunpowder, is e basic ingredient used m fireworks.
”hen it is ignited, it ,f.af;es volumes of gas u , 1<fn can hurl an aerial , dl hundreds of feet in e air or push a pinwheel ^oundin circles.
«, To make the loud n 0<?ms,” a material called sh powder is used. This in bs*-ance is the prime Sfedient in firecrackers „ i J-nn somewhat larger ute« (the noise-making finders often included in aerml fireworks).
Jo launch aerial shells,
" mose-fitting mortar (a ut)e closed at one end) ust be lowered into the
In°H?-<4 40 ac^ as a cannon-of fk Way’ 1-^® pressure
exri j®xplosion an<* f-*16 hf>k^n, g gasses trapped &nd the shell thrusts it
o/1140 sky-
g. -.bnnoicals which burn dist- an<* give °fT bright,
Sd 1(nct- colors provide the ase0 ■ u^ar visual effects nciated with fireworks. w barcoal or iron burn
strontf brillfant »range, hea,?*^? salts Produce a nitr Vful rec* anc^ barium R,VeS .0ff a brieht
iifli. i “lue 18 the most tbP u *- color to make, and comnearcb for a chemical dupi)0u,nd which will pro-confj a better, darker hue oues even now.
mostrbaps one fhe Wori. ^.omorable fire-“Staf8 displays was the
Plav „ r’ a dazzling dis-reated to honor the
statue’s 100th anniversary in 1986.
The production required an estimated 220 miles of wires; approximately
22.000	aerial fireworks;
777.000	pounds of mortar tubes (through which sky rockets and aerial bombs were launched);
30.000	pounds of equipment; and a staff of at least 100 pyrotechnicians on the site to produce the displays.
The invention of the first fireworks is traditionally credited to the Chinese, who discovered gunpowder more than a thousand years ago. The powder—still used today— was rolled in paper tubes or bamboo cases and ignited. The Chinese were convinced the noise from the explosion would scare away evil spirits.
Fireworks made their way to Europe in the 13th century, and over the next several hundred years their popularity grew and grew. The displays became more and more extravagant as the. years passed, but the technology remained basically the same. To this day, the same principles apply.
The earliest settlers brought their love of fireworks to this country. The fascination with the noise and color of fireworks did not weaken with the passage of time. By the time of the American Revolution, fireworks had long played a part in celebrating important events. It was natural, then, that John Adams should think of fireworks when independence was declared. He wrote in a letter to his wife that this most memorable day ought to be celebrated with “illuminations” from this time forward forevermore.

Happy 4"1 of July to AH!
^aple Heights Catering
17330 Broadway Maple Heights, Ohio
Hočevar in Sinovi — lastniki
Tel*: v trgovini 663-7733
Happy Independence Day! to our customers, relatives, friends
'Somrak^ ‘Kitchens
CUSTOM CABINET DESIGN CENTER
II : I
Somral<iadds his persona! touch
... to all of his custom Kitchen designs.
At SOMRAK S, we take the time to listen to your needs and expectations so you will have the most efficient working room in your home.
From design to installation your satisfaction is ensured.
26201 Richmond Road Visit Our Showroom Bedford Heights.Ohio HOURS M-F 9-5-SAT 9-1	464-6500 EVENING BY APPOINTMENT
Let’s Remember Our Loved Ones! ^
Crobaugh Funeral Home
22595 Lake Shore Blvd. Euclid, Ohio
Telephone (216) 731-4259
Gregory M. Danaher Embalmer and Funeral Director
*
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JULY 4, 1996



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In Memory of Senator Frank J. Lausche


November 14,1895
April 21,1990
America’s Greatest Slovenian
Cleveland’s First Ethnic Mayor; — and Ohio’s First Ethnic Governor, and Senator

The Frances and Jane S. Lausche
Foundation