MYZOCALLIS (LINEOMYZOCALLIS) WALSHII, AN INVASIVE APHID ON QUERCUS RUBRA, NEW TO SLOVENIA
Špela Modic
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Plant Protection Department, Hacquetova 17, SI-1001 Ljubljana; e-mail: spela.modic@kis.si
Abstract - The aphid Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii Monell, 1897 (Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) has been recorded for the first time in the Slovenian aphidofauna. It was found on the leaves of Quercus rubra L. in August 2010 in a private garden situated in the village Rodica.
Key words: Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae, aphids, fauna, Slovenia.
Izvleček - MYZOCALLIS (LINEOMYZOCALLIS) WALSHII, INVAZIVNA VRSTA LISTNE UŠI NA RDEČEM HRASTU (QUERCUS RUBRA), NOVA NAJDBA V SLOVENIJI
Prava listna us Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii Monell, 1897 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) je prvic najdena v afidofavni Slovenije. Vrsto smo ugotovili na rdecem hrastu - Quercus rubra L., avgusta 2010, na privatnem vrtu na Rodici.
Ključne besede: Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae, prave listne uši, favna, Slovenija.
Introduction
Global trade presents the main risk to introduction and spreading of invasive insect species. An attack of aphids is hard to discover on time since their presence is usually determined as a result of damaged plants while the aphids had already spread locally. At longer distances they are spread in the development stage of egg, pupa or imago via the attacked host plants.
The aphid Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii (Monell) occurs naturally in North America where it inhabits Quercus rubra, Q. agrifolia, Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Q. imbricaria, Q. palustris and Q. velutina (Blackmann and Eastop, 1994). It is a monoecious species with holocyclic development. In Europe, it was detected for the first time on Q. rubra in France in 1988 (Remaudiere, 1989). Subsequently, the species was also recorded in Switzerland (Remaudière and Quednau, 1992), Spain (Mier Durante and Nieto Nafrfa, 1994), Italy (Patti and Lozzia, 1994), Belgium (Nieto Nafrfa et al., 1999), Germany (Thieme and Eggers-Schumacher, 2003), Czech Republic (Havelka et al., 2005), Andorra (Pons et al., 2006), Poland (Osiadacz and Wieczorek, 2006), Hungary (Ripka, 2008), Portugal (Pérez Hidalgo et al., 2009) and
Serbia (Petrovic-Obradovic et al., 2010) only on Q. rubra which seems to present its main host plant.
Recently, it has been captured on the red oak (Quercus rubra L.) from a single location in Slovenia. The colonies of aphids were producing large quantities of hon-eydew which is a substrate for the growth of sooty mould fungi causing unsightly appearance of plant.
Description - based on Blackmann and Eastop, 1994
Female alate viviparae, main body bright yellow, distal ends of antennal segments and costal margin of forewing darkly pigmented. Thorax with black, broad bands running down sides. Fore tibiae black. Body length (excluding cauda) 1.6-2.0 mm. The Spanish specimens of the species arrive to 2.13 mm of body length (Nieto Nafna and Mier Durante, 1998). Nymphs very pale yellow with variably developed dark dorsal sclerites.
Fig. 1: Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii, adult.
Fig. 2: Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii, nymphs on the underside of a leaf.
Fig. 3: Honeydew and moulds soon afterwards on the upper surfaces of the contaminated red oak leaves (Quercus rubra L.) in the village Rodica in 2010, Slovenia.
Fig. 4: Predator of Myzocallis (Lineo-myzocallis) walshii.
Fig. 6 A: M. walshii (Monell): Second antennal segment is pale and there are 24 secondary rhinaria on the third antennal segment.
6 B: M. walshii (Monell): Lateral 6 C: M. walshii (Monell): Median siphunculus (cornicles) are small and pale. frontal tubercle is poorly developed.
6 D: Forewing of the aphid M.walshii. Figs.: 1-6 Photo S. Modic.
The invasive species Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii (Monell) can be distinguished from the European species Myzocallys (Agrioaphis) castanicola Baker, 1917, also present in Slovenia, by the morphological characters illustrated on Figs. 6 A, 6 B, 6 C, 6 D.
Discussion
Our finding, together with the previously reported presence of the aphid in Europe, indicates that the species Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii was probably introduced with its main host plant. The red oak, Quercus rubra, is planted as an ornamental tree in the urban environment and in a few forest plantations in Slovenia (Martincic et.al., 2007). Other North American species of Quercus spp. are not common.
During our observations on infested tree we found the predatory bug Deraeocoris lutescens Schilling (Heteroptera: Miridae), which seems to represent a local native predator species. It is a polyphagous predator widely distributed in Europe and commonly found on oak, hazel, pear and apple trees (Ehanno, 1987), where it feeds on aphids, small caterpillars, mite and insect eggs (Lamine et al., 2005). Other predators and mummified aphids M. walshii (Figs. 4, 5) killed by parasitoids were also observed and will be subject of further observations.
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Received / Prejeto: 4. 10. 2010