MLADINSKI LIST July A Magazine for SNPJ Juveniles 1941 Mladinski List ************************************************************ ************** ★ ★ it it it it it it it it it ★ ★ ★ ★ it ★ ★ it it it it JUVENILE Editor -Business Manager - IVAN MOLEK PHILIP GODINA ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ it 5 5 5 ★ ★ ★ ★ it it it * ★ i + ★ in it ★ * ★ it it it ik it ★ * it it ★ * ★ ★ ★ ★ it it ★ ★ ★ it ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ it it it ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Hv»jkx CONTENTS OF JULY ISSUE Vsebina julijske številke STORIES, POEMS, PLAYS, ETC. Page Ali ste jo videli? (pesem)........................... -.....-..........30 Čebela (pesem) ......................................................... 6 Izgubljeno bogastvo ...................................-............. -26 Janko in Metka (nadaljevanje)......................................... 2 Poletni večer (pesem).................................................. 5 Velikan Nočan in Marjetica............................................. 5 V senci svastike (pesem)........................................... 1 Woodland Adventures ........................-...........................29 Zgodnje jutro (pesem) ......................................... 1 ARTICLES Microphotography ...................................................... 6 FEATURES Birthdays of the Great Men.............................................. 4 Introducing Book Friends................................................28 Just For Fun............................................................ 9 Our Own Juvenile Circles............................................... 20 Our Pen Pals Write......................................................22 Our School ............................................................ 10 When We Play............................................................27 Published monthly by the Slovene National Benefit Society for the members of its Juvenile Department. Annual subscription, $1.20; half year, 60c; foreign subscription, $1.50. Address: 2657 S. Lawndale Ave., Chicago, 111. Entered as second-class ■ ft. ^a^Cr August 2’ 1922, at the post office at Chicago, 111., under Act of August 24, 1912. MLADINSKI LIST ____________JUVENILE_________________________________ LETO XX—Št. 7 CHICAGO, ILL., JULY, 1941 VOL. XX—No. 7 V senci svastike Katka Zupančič Mati mu je Ulica, tovariš mu je Glad, a vzgajata ga Beda in učitelj Jad. ************** Poletni večer KOKI Blesteče sonce danes je sijalo, nebo modrilo se je brez oblaka, dehtelo vse od čistega je zraka, k zatonu sonce se je že peljalo. V večernem žaru polje je ležalo, žareli rdeči so cvetovi maka, a prhutala že so krila mraka, na njih vse polno zvezdic je migljalo. Čarobno je čez polje zašumelo, med zvezde se je luna pripeljala, ponsna v njih sredini je obstala in lila v dalj svetlobo svojo belo. Čez polje je odmevalo veselo, s pobočij hladna sapa je pihljala, v potoku bistrem voda je šumljala, na drevju tiho listje je šuštelo. Pojo uspavanke mu Bombe in sanje pne mu Strah. Drzen je, sirov v obraz — a v srcu slab in plah . . . JANKO IN METKA (Nadaljevanje.) Tako jima je bila, četudi komaj osem let stara, že v pomoč. Ko sta zidala, jima je do-našala vodo in kadar je Tonač sam gradil, mu je podajala opeko. Prav gotovo so jo domači iskali in zato sta ji vsakokrat zabičala, kako se mora skriti in potuliti. Vrata so bila zaklenjena, na okencu je bil železen križ. Kajpada, v šolo bi že morala hoditi najmanj dve leti, pa se nihče ni brigal zanjo, jo je zdaj učil Janko pisati in brati. Tonač ji je bil na starini kupil star abecednik in ker je bila bistre glave, se je sleheren dan kaj novega naučila. Oba sta je bila zelo vesela. Kadar ,so bili vsi trije doma, so hodili v hosto po drva, tako da je stala zunaj hišice že lepa vrsta nacepljenih starih, izsušenih vej. Tudi Tonač se je izkazal na vso moč. Po ves ljubi dan je zbiral kosti in staro železje, nekje si je tudi nabavil staro cizo, kajti svoj obrat je razširil: pričel je kupčevati tudi s starim papirjem in cunjami. Janko je hodil na postajo in je bil za nosača, tako da so za silo prav lepo živeli. Kakšen dan je bil srečen, drugekrati se jih je držala smola, ampak živelo se je in nikoli niso bili lačni. Če ne bo bolezni ali kake druge nesreče . . . Toda nič nikar ne ugibajmo! Mrzle sape so se pričele zaganjati v hišico. Jesensko deževje je razmočilo zemljo in precej blata sta morala pregaziti. Megla se je obesila nad gmajno in prva slana se je vlegla na travnike. “Če bo megla požrla slano, bo sneg,” je prerokoval Tonač. In se ni motil. Drugo jutro so vrata le s težavo odprli in ko je Janko pogledal venkaj, je zagledal debelo snežno odejo in izpod neba se je nenehoma vsipal sneg. “Zima ...” je dejal nekako potrto Tonač. Seveda, čevlji bodo vsak čas razpadli, sukenj nista imela, Tonača pa je mučil revmatizem in kadar je bilo mokro vreme, je le s težavo cijazil svoj voziček okoli hiš. Tudi Metka ni ničesar imela, ampak nji ni bilo treba hoditi v zimo. Sila kole lomi! Kljub precejšnjemu snegu sta jo mahnila oba v mesto. Hudo ju je zeblo v noge in obutev je žmokotala od mokrote. Čez rame sta si vrgla vsak po eno vrečo, Tone Seliškar ki je bila kmalu vsa premočena, da sta jo lahko kar ovila. Snega pa toliko, kakor da bi ga z lopatami metali z oblakov. Pa tudi sneg se je izkazal kakor majhna sreča v nesreči, kajti mestne ulice so bile tako natrpane, da so morali najeti pravcato vojsko delavcev, da so jih očistili. Tonač z eno samo roko ni mogel kidati snega, zato pa so Jan-kota takoj sprejeli med čistilce in nekaj dni je pridno metal sneg na vozove, s katerimi so ga vozili v reko. Vsak večer je prejel svoj zaslužek in to mu je čez nekaj dni toliko naneslo, da je šel k Bati ter kupil zase in za Tonača gumijaste škornje. Zdaj je bilo laže brozgati zimsko kašo. Noge sta imela vedno suhe in Tonač se je kar pomladil, ko je racal po vodi, ne da bi mu prišla moča do živega. Toda sreča je vražja ptica. Pred nosom ti uide. Ko je neko jutro prišel Janko na postajo, da bi počakal na potniški vlak, ga je stražnik zapodil. Nič več ne bo smel nositi prtljage! Poklicni postreščki, ki imajo svoje družine in ki plačujejo davek od svojega posla, so se pritožili, da jim paglavci odjedajo kruh — in tako je bil kar na vsem lepem ob svoje delo in zaslužek. Potrt je odhajal na gmajno brez beliča v žepu — na dnu srca pa prav za prav ni žaloval za tem delom. To delo mu je presedalo. Ne, da bi ne delal rad, ampak njegove želje so bile vse drugje. Ko je čakal od vlaka do vlaka, je vedno z veseljem opazoval velike lokomotive na postaji in strojniki na njih so se mu dozdevali kakor nadzemska bitja. Kadar je prirohnel orjaški stroj brzca ves v jeklenem oklepu, mu je srce zagorelo od nevzdržne želje, stati kdaj tako v stroju in zviška gledati na zemljo, ki se s silovito brzino odmika izpod koles. Janko ve, da bi se moral najprej izučiti za ključavničarja in da je dolga, dolga pot do lokomotive brzca. Toda kje bi se izučil, kako, ko pa je dandanes vse preveč težavno, da bi se kak revež dokopal do takšne, zavidanja vredne službe? “Ali si žalosten?” ga je spraševala Metka, ko ga je videla zamišljenega sedeti poleg ognjišča. “Že deset črk poznam, Janko! Ali si name hud?” Janko pa je v duhu sanjaril, kako bi ga Metka, ki bi bila takrat že dekle, gledala, kadar bi švignil mimo s svojim strojem in bi ji pomahal v pozdrav. “Nisem hud nate, Metka. Na ves svet sem hud!” je dejal mračno. “Če si na ves svet hud, potem si tudi name!” meni Metka in je užaljena. To je prav res, si je očital Janko. Čemu bi bil hud in žalosten? Bo že kako. Najprej je izvirek in izvirek sem že bil, zdaj sem potoček! Zato bom vesel, saj sta Metka in To-nač pri meni in radi se imamo, to je tudi nekaj! Zagledal se je v sliko matere, ki jo je bil dal v okvir brezovega lubja. “Kdo pa je tista lepa žena?” vprašuje Metka. “Moja mati,” odgovarja Janko. “Kaj pa je to mati, Janko?” “Mati je tista žena, ki ima otroke rada. Objema jih, pestuje jih, kuha jim, šiva in pere, kadar so bolni jim streže, kadar so zaspani, jim prepeva, boža jih in vse kar hočeš,” ji razlaga Janko. “Oh, to je pa lepo!” je vzkliknila Metka. In naj še tako razmišljata, pravega smisla one radosti, ki bi jo pričarala živa mati, le ne moreta doumeti. Razgovarjata se o nji in živo si želita, da bi se mati zdaj zdaj prikazala na vratih. Pa je ni. Ne Jankove matere ni, ne Metkine. Noč prihaja. V izbi je toplo, vsak čas bo prišel Tonač in potem bodo večerjali in legli spat. Ko je prišel Tonač domov ves utrujen, so prižgali malo petrolejko in so pri medlem svitu leščerbe občudovali vse zanimivosti, ki jih je Tonač prinesel. Med starimi cunjami je našel včasih košček prelepe svile, med starimi papirji čudovite slike, včasih je iztaknil med železjem polomljeno igračo, tako da je bil vsak večer prav zabaven in kratkočasen. Tonač jima je pripovedoval o svetovni vojni in kako da je bilo hudo, včasih pa se je raznežil in je povedal prelepo pravljico o Zlati ribici, da so se Metki kar oči iskrile, Janko pa se je muzal in jim ni hotel verjeti, zakaj kar pomni, nikdar še ni videl ne vile ne škrata ne povodnega moža ne čarovnice. “Le zakaj si izmišljajo bajke?” vprašuje Janko. “Ker je življenje tako težko in hudo. Človek pa si vsaj v sanjah zahoče lepše živeti!” modruje Tonač. Potem je v kotu, kjer je bilo nakopičeno staro železje, poiskal pokvarjeno igračo. O-gledoval jo je od vseh strani, zgrabil je za male klešče in odvijač in igrača je bila prav kmalu razdejana v majhne delce. “Čas igrač se bliža, Miklavž in božič . . . Tedaj bodo starši kupovali otrokom igrače. Išči jih po vseh smetiščih, Tonač. Zdaj sem brez posla in bom igrače popravljal,” pravi Janko. “Jaz znam pa pajace šivati,” reče podjetno Metka. “Potem pa napravimo kar tovarno za igrače,” de veselo Tonač in že kujejo načrte za prihodnje dni. Z novimi nadami zaspe. Medlo pa je kar naprej. Drevesa so se šibila od težkega, mokrega snega, vrane so žalostno krakale nad gmajno, vse steze so bile do pasu na debelo zadelane, da se nihče nikamor ni upal geniti. Bili so v tej samotni hišici kakor odrezani od ostalega sveta, bili so kakor brodolomci na samotnem otoku sredi neizmernega morja. Vsa smetišča so bila zametena, da na igrače niti misliti ni bilo in čez nekaj dni je že vsega primanjkovalo. Kruha najprej, pa tudi koruzne moke za polento je zmanjkalo. Oglašal se je glad. K sreči je bilo v izbi vsaj toplo. Naslednje dne je Tonač izjavil: “Konec! Ničesar ni več!” Janko je gledal skozi okence. Sneg je malce pojenjal. Velika jata vran se je spustila na bližnji hrast in te velike črne ptice so bile edina živa bitja, kamor koli je segel pogled. Janko gleda, gleda, Metka sedi pri mizi, njene oči so medle, pogled potrt, nič se ji ne ljubi, žalostna je, najraje bi jokala. Tonač čepi pri ognjišču, glavo si podpira in tudi njegov pogled je brezupen. Na ognjišču stoji lonec z vodo, voda vre, v vodi pa ni ničesar . . . Od vrele vode človek ne more biti sit, dan je dolg, za kosilo bo spet vrela voda, slan krop. A kaj bo z Metko, ker je lačna? Zbolela bo! “Med svetovno vojno je bila huda lakota. Kaj vse smo pojedli! Prav takšna zima je bila v Karpatih, surovo korenje smo otepali in če smo ustrelili kakšno vrano in smo jo potem na pol spečeno pojedli, smo mislili, da je slaščica!” “Vrano . . .?” se je čudil Janko. (Dalje prihodnjič.) Birthdays of the Great Men By LOUIS BENIGER WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY The English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray lived in the middle of the past century, at the time when rapid and sweeping changes were taking place in England. It was the beginning of the growth of democracy and freedom for the common people. Political power passed from the nobility to the middle classes, and since that time the ballot has been gradually extended to the working classes. Also, the spread of popular education became general, and literature became more democratic. The great change from hand-labor to machine-labor kept the economic basis unsettled. Therefore, social unrest, and the demand for social justice, was reflected in the works of nearly all the great writers of the time. Another great cause of change was the growth of science, which made more gigantic strides in this age than in all past history. The world-shaking principle of evolution by Darwin gave men a new idea of their origin, shattered many old beliefs, and led many into religious doubt. Most of the contemporary writers mirrored. some phase of these changes. The great novelists Dickens, George Eliot, and Thackeray, more than any others represented that era, the former two the lower and the latter the upper classes of society. * The attempt to reform government and institutions, the labor movement, the conflict between science and religion, all have been reflected in novels, and have in turn been influenced by them. Thackeray was born on July 18, 1811, in Calcutta, India, of English parents, and was brought to England as a child. He received his elementary education in private schools and later entered Trinity College at Cambridge. Thackeray never completed his studies but instead, went to France and Germany where he studied art. On returning to England he tried to make a living as an artist. Unsuccessful at this, he turned to literature, and became a contributor to several magazines. His first literary works consisted of light essays, sketches of travel, and burlesques in which the weakness of the romantic writers are cleverly imitated. Thackeray’s intention to write of the world as it is was rather broadly proclaimed in his first work, “Catherine.” In it the character is a female rogue, drawn as a rebuke to the sentimental treatment of characters by his contemporaries. He gave his “realistic theories” larger scope in “Barry Lyndon,” a spirited account of the exploits of an adventurer, and in “Vanity Fair,” which gave him an assured position in English literature. Then he produced his other best works, “Pendennis,” “Henry Esmond,” “The New-comes,” and “The Virginians.” More than most writers, “he wrote himself into his books.” In his “Vanity Fair” he shows himself as a showman, where is sold all sorts of vanity, and where is to be seen juggling, cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves etc. The action of the book revolves about the heroines, Becky Sharp and Amelia Saddley. Both represent permanent types: Becky, keen and competent; Amelia, a parasite. He speaks of his characters as a set of puppets. The satire with which he treated his characters indicates his attitude towards the world which he pictures: a gleam of irony, something of contempt if not of bitterness. Nevertheless, his satire is strongly tempered with tolerance and pity. In one of his best books, “The Newcomes,” he has given a picture of human imperfection, real and touching. He was merciful toward the feeble, and he believed in the instinctive goodness of one being toward another. “Henry Esmond” is considered his masterpiece. In 1851 Thackeray had written “The English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century,” delivered as a series of lectures in London, and re-delivered in the United States. Thackeray died on December 25, 1863, in London. MLADINSKI LIST Velikan Nočan in Marjetica MARIJANA ŽELJEZNOVA-KOKALJ O polnoči je ukradel velikan Nočan deklico Marjetico in jo skril v svoje kraljestvo noči. Marjetica se je zbudila, poklicala mamico in jo vprašala: “Mamica, zakaj se danes tako dolgo ne zdani?” “Pozabi na mamico,” se je oglasil velikan Nočan z glasom, podobnim pasjemu lajanju. “Pri meni si, moja si in meni boš stregla z ljubeznijo človeka,” je dodal nežno velikan. Marjetica je zajokala. “Jok ti ne bo pomagal,” je dejal trdo velikan. “Obriši solze!” ji je zapovedal. Marjetica je vzdihnila in ubogala. Na tleh so se zableščali demanti, njene solze, in razsvetlili noč. Zagledala je velikana Nočana. Hudo se ga je prestrašila, on se ji je pa nasmehnil: “Dobro ti bo pri meni. Kar si boš poželela, boš imela, le mame ne.” “Mamica!” je vzkliknila in zdrknil ji je dija-mant z njenega lica. Velikan Nočan jo je vzel na roke in vprašal: “Ej—Marjetica ti mlada, ali me imaš kaj rada?” Marjetica je odkimala. “Poglej, torte, piškote, čokolado, bonbončke! Vse to je zate!” Marjetica je vzdihnila. “Ne bodi žalostna! Pri meni je lepo. Pri meni ni bolečin, ne smrti. Žalost ti bom pa pregnal!” Zažvižgal je. Iz teme so se prisvetili zlati ptički in zapeli lepo. Marjetica jih je zamaknjeno poslušala in mislila na mamico. Išče jo, kliče jo in joče za njo. Ne ptički ne zlato sadje ne slaščice ne velikanova ljubezen ji niso mogli iztrgati žalosti iz srca. Marejtica ni vedela, koliko časa je že pri velikanu Nočanu. Samo noč jo je obdajala. Velikan je bil dober z njo in vedno in vedno jo je povpraševal: “Ej, Marjetica ti mlada ali me imaš kaj rada?” Odgovarjala mu je: “Imam te že rada, ker si dober z menoj. Nimam te pa tako rada kakor svojo mamico. Vdova je, očetov grob ima, za mojega pa ne ve. Velikan Nočan pa ni bil zadovoljen. “Bolj me moraš imeti rada!” “Če pa ne znam!” “Naučil te bom,” je odvrnil in bil še bolj dober z njo. Marjetica se je navadila teme. Nikoli ni spala, v kraljestvu noči tudi ni spanja. Začutila je v sebi praznično razpoloženje. Zazdelo se ji je, da sliši zvonove. “Mamica,” je šepnila. Ozek sončni pramen je pokukal skozi temo. Siril se je in jasneje je razločevala brnenje zvonov. “Mamica!” je vzkliknila. Skala se je presekala neslišno, sonce se je vsulo v kraljestvo noči in vsa obsijana je stala pred njo mamica. Za njo so se gnetli kmetje z gorjačami, vilami in motikami. Mamica je objela Marjetico, kmetje pa so planili na velikana Nočana. “Stojte, ne storite mu zlega!” je zavpila Marjetica. “Dober je bil z menoj.” Kmetje so obstali. Velikan Nočan pa je prvikrat zajokal od sreče: “Vidim zdaj, Marjetica ti mlada, da imaš me res ti rada! solnčni žarki—zame so le žarki smrti— si rešila me pogina, smrti! Bom hvaležen ti vse čase, kaj želiš si srčno zase?” Marjetica pa je odgovorila: “Nič, saj imam zdaj svojo mamico. Spremeni nam naše skale v cvetna polja, da nam ne bo manjkalo kruha.” “Bodi zemlja vaša mati! In ne le na površju, tudi v notranjosti. Glejte premog, grel vas bo pozimi.” Marjetica se je poslovila, poslovila se je tudi mamica in za njo tudi kmetje. Velikan Nočan je zrl za njimi. Jokal je. Vse-človeška ljubezen ga je osrečila. Nihče ga ni več videl. Kamnita dolina je dobila ime Cvetni dol . . Kruha, cvetja in premoga ni manjkalo nikoli tem dolincem. Zgodnje jutro Katka Zupančič Tiha je ulica, hiše še spijo; na desno in levo svetilke bledijo. Noč na zapadu z nevidno roko s srpom srebrnim žanje temo. — Zatkano je v sanje vse dobro in slabo . . . Skrivnostno šepeče si drevje med sabo. — Vsak zase, vsak zase zavit je v pokoj; pri vznožju pa čaka skrbi že nebroj. MICROPHOTOGRAPHY Microphotography is not such a foreboding word if you think of its two component parts— micro and photography. * Microphotography is not an invention of this month nor even of this year. But if you consider 1927 in its time relation, microphotography did come into known usage but yesterday. In 1927, the Library of Congress inaugurated microphotography for its collections. In 1928, the Recordak Corporation, built a machine for microphotography in a bank in New York. On Sept. 23, 1939, the famous Time Capsule was buried below the site of the Westinghouse Exhibit at the New York World’s Fair, intended to be opened 5,000 years hence, and this was made possible by microphotography. What is microphotography? It is the process of photographing a manuscript, or a newspaper, or a book on a 35 mm. film. The film is either perforate or imperforate. (Courtesy of the University of Chicago) This means that the entire page or sheet is reproduced on a film slightly over one inch square. Above is an illustration of one of the newspaper cameras in use—the Recordak Model C—at the University of Chicago Library’s Department of Photographic Reproduction. When you wish to view the contents of the material so photographed, you project the film on a “Reader.” The Readers are adjustable by levers so that you not only can see the exact size of the sheet photographed, but you can magnify it by moving the levers. (See illustration.) (Courtesy of the University of Chicago) A "Reader" for microfilms of books and newspapers. This one is Recordak Model C. What is the purpose of photographing printed material on film strips? First: to save space. All of you know how bulky our present-day newspapers are. If you have ever accumulated but one week’s newspaper, you know how much space they require. Imagine, then, the problem of a library which hopes to preserve all the important newspapers of the present day. In due time, it would require more and more additional buildings to store all the accumulated material. Microphotography saves 98 per cent space. But more about that later. Secondly: to preserve perishable papers. It is extremely difficult to handle old papers. They crumble away and are lost. The same is true of books and manuscripts. Scholars who do research work need original documents and manuscripts. In 1905, the Library of Congress to meet this demand, began to collect source material for scholars of American history. It obtained permission from the British Museum and the Public Record Office in London and the Bodleian Library at Oxford to make transcripts of all material that contained any reference to American history. In 1913, a grant was established to do this same type of work with the French government. Again in 1913, the Universities of Texas and California cooperated to get transcripts from Mexican archives of material that contained reference to America. The same was done for Cuba and in 1914 for Russia. In 23 years (1905-1927) 30,000 or more transcripts and facsimiles of original manuscripts were accumulated. But with 1927 the Project was inaugurated to change the method of securing transcripts of manuscripts. This new method was to be microphotography—photographing instead of copying. Photographic apparatus was set up in the different library centers of the world in which this type of work was being done. As a result, 2,439,887 pages of manuscripts have been collected in the years from 1927 to 1940. Compare this number with the 23-year period above, and you will get some idea of the difference. The University of Chicago has such photographic equipment, which it uses for keeping rec- (Courtesy of the University of Chicago) In the small boxes beside the bound volumes of the newspapers are contained the microfilms— Photographs of all the material in the larger pile. Compare the size. ords. And on the third floor of its Harper Memorial Library, it has what is called its Micro-Film section. Here you can secure complete issues of a large newspaper in a tiny roll of film, place it in one of the “Readers” and see an exact reproduction of the original copy. Dr. M. L. Raney of this Library has given 14 different applications of microphotography, as reported in the Journal of Documentary Reproduction: 1. To get material that is unavailable. There are manv papers of a century ago of which only one copv exists, if at all. By photographing this copy, you can make as many microfilms as you wish and send it wherever you desire. 2. Handling of the original is made unnecessary. Since the photography is an exact reproduction there is no need for handling the original, which may be precious. 3. To reproduce in color or in black and white. It is possible by microphotography to secure the exact color of the original to show aging or whatever other coloring exists. Or the reproduction can be simply in black and white. 4. To make newspapers lasting and safe. The wood pulp in newspapers goes to dust, but the film is lasting and safe. 5. By copying scarce items from journals, the whole given subject may be united and completed. 6. To permit exchange of rare manuscripts or documents. Scholars in different parts of the country might like to see a given copy of a document or manuscript, and the film can serve the same purpose while the original is kept at home. 7. To recover lost printed sentences or parts. Many times an old paper will be stained, or there will be marks of a censor, or there will be erasures so that the original has been destroyed. But by uses special filters and lights beyond the visible spectrum, writing or printing that is otherwise not visible may be brought out. 8. To make an inventory of museum and map collections. The microfilm identifies the original perfectly. 9. To make possible the merging of catalogs. 10. To use in the classroom. By use of a short film an armload of material can be saved and need not be carried around in its bulk. 11. To save space. As said above, the saving is up to 98 per cent. A foot of film one inch wide can hold 8 to 32 pages of material. 12. To make possible ready use of little used materials. Since microfilms take so little room, a great variety may be kept on hand. 13. To safeguard against loss. American banks film two and a half billion checks a year, chiefly as protection against fraud. In London this means has been used as protec- tion against bombing. Libraries can store up cheap photographs of their irreplaceable materials. 14. To publish in small editions. * The Time Capsule, spoken of above, is a metal shell, shaped like a torpedo, seven and one-half feet long by eight and three-eights inches in diameter. It weighs about 800 pounds. The outer shell is of cupaloy—a copper alloy which is as hard as steel. Into this Capsule, approximately 10,000,000 words were placed. This was done by microfilming. The microfilms included books, articles, magazines, newspapers, reports, circulars, catalogs, and pictures. It contains a description of where we live and work, our arts and entertainment, how information is disseminated, our religions and philosophies, our sciences, our earth, its features and peoples, medicine, major industries, and other objects. Because this is to be opened and investigated 5,000 years from now, a book of record has been made, telling about the Time Capsule. It has been printed with special ink on permanent paper. The place where the Capsule is buried has been described to the exact longitude and latitude to the third decimal point. It also contains descriptions for making and using electromagnetic instruments for locating the capsule, and a message requesting that the book be preserved and translated into new languages as they develop. To guard against the danger of this information being lost because the English language may not be used 5,000 years hence, a “Key to 1939 English” has been provided. There were 3,650 copies of this book printed and sent to libraries, archives, museums, monasteries, crypts, and vaults all over the world. And it was the process of microphotography that made possible the inclusion of so much material in so small a space. OUR FRONTISPIECE The front cover piece of this issue was drawn by Sylvia Ravnikar, age 17, Roundup, Mont., a member of Lodge No. 700 SNPJ. Katka Zupančič: Čebela So čašice pripravljene, po gredi so razstavljene. Privošči si jih zgodnji gost! Kdor zadnji je, ima naj post . . . Brni, brenči čebelni panj. Čebela nosi meda vanj, da si sladkala brez skrbi bo grenke, skope zimske dni. Important Dont's Read Them Twice, Thrice DON'T address your mail intended for publication in the ML to the Main Office of the SNPJ, to Slovene National Benefit Society, or to some person. The mail so addressed may be delayed and will be late for the intended issue. Address all such mail to Mladinski List, 2657-59 So. Lawndale Ave., Chicago, 111. DON'T write with pencil; use pen or, still better, typewriter. DON'T write on both sides of the sheet. Paper is cheap. DON'T draw your picture with ordinary ink. We cannot use such drawings. Draw only with the India ink. DON'T draw in colors! It's a waste of time because we cannot use it. DON'T fold your drawings! Send them between two card-boards in a large envelope. DON'T omit your name, address, age, and lodge No., together with the parent's signaiure on the back of every piece of drawing or beneath any writing. And most important of all: DON'T copy any rhymes or pictures! Be honest with yourself and us! You can't get away with it very long! We are checking on that. Find the Slovene Names In the June issue of the Mladinski List, a list of twelve names appeared, of which eight could have been originally Slovene. Of the answers received, no one succeeded in writing the correct answers for all the names. Here are the anglicized names that sometimes hide an original Slovene name: Underwood—Podlesnik Star—Stare O'Green—Ogrin Garden—Grden McLeash—Miklič Peterson—Petrovič White—Belič Black—Črnič or Črne Here is the new list for this month. How many Slovene names do you recognize among them: Camp Johnson Cook Stone Brooks Pearce Clotsbutcher Walker Kent Jackson Counts Bradley JUST FOR FUN fb By Ernestine Jugg BRAIN TEASERS 1. If you had ten horses and only nine stalls, how could you manage to get all horses in a separate stall? 2. What word (name of some fruit) would complete the following sentences: a. You’re the---------------of my eye. b. It ap s there’s someone at the door. c. She has a--------------and cream complexion. d. An-------------a day keeps the doctor away. V e. I have two- f. There is a— -of shoes. -ber in the building. M. L. PUZZLE t i: i, ACROSS 1—A child’s plaything. 5—You have two of them to hear with. DOWN 1—A ten-cent piece. 2—To raise. 3—To appear. 4—To be present. * TONGUE TWISTERS Say These Rapidly: 1. Theopholus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of this thumb. 2. Susie sells sea shells down by the sea shore. * DO YOU KNOW YOUR STARS? When little Johnny was walking home the other night from school, he didn’t see the wire his friends had stretched across the sidewalk. Naturally, he fell down and saw not only stars, but planets. Can you unscramble them? 1—sarm. 2—suntar. 3—latop. 4—crumyer. * A RAPID CHANGE In six steps you can change boy into man. See if you can do it by changing one letter at a time. At each step will be an entirely different word. 1. B O Y 2 .---------(Girls wear them in their hair) 3 .---------(She gives milk) 4. — — — (Sound made by crow) 5 .---------(You open with a can-opener) 6. M A N A WAR-STRICKEN COUNTRY My first is in sorrow and also in sad; My second’s in language but not in bad. My third is in alone and also in old; My fourth’s in vinegar but not in told. My fifth’s in early and also in late; My sixth’s in nature but not in fate. My seventh’s in English but not in French; My last is in America but not in trench. My whole is a country that the dictators got. ♦ FISHERMAN Now that the hot month of July is here, Fisherman Bill found him a nice stream by which he could sit all day and just catch fish. There was a chart by the side of the stream telling of the different fish there were, but the water had washed away the middle letters and left only the first and last letters. Can you supply the missing letters and solve the names of the fish? 1. t----------t 2. b s 3. p----------h 4. s---------------n 5. t a HEADLINES Headlines today are very stirring and exciting. However, years ago, the following headlines were just as exciting and interesting to the people of that time. If you were to see a paper with these headlines, do you know about what year the paper was printed? 1. Lincoln is elected for President of the United States. He defeated Breckenridge, Bell and Douglas. 2. Theodore Roosevelt defeated Alton B. Parker for President of the United States. 3. The telephone has been invented. 4. George Washington unanimously elected the first President of the United States. (Answers on back inside cover page) OUR SCHOOL AWARDS FOR THE BEST CONTRIBUTIONS A sum of not more than $200 is available for the SNPJ juvenile members who will in the last half of 1941 contribute to the Our School section of the Mladinski List: 1) The best letters, according to quality as judged by the Editor, on the subjects as suggested from time to time in this column; 2) The best original drawings in India ink on any subject deemed acceptable by the Editor, such as cartoons, games, cross-word puzzles, etc. The publication of such letters or drawings on these pages is not indication that they all will be awarded; contributions published elsewhere in the Mladinski List although intended for Our School will be awarded under the same rules if qualifying. The number and size of awards for this six-month period will depend on the number of qualified letters and drawings contributed. The next distribution of awards will be made in December, 1941, and the winners will be announced in January, 1942. RULES: 1) Every contributor must be a member of the SNPJ Juvenile Department. 2) State your age and number of the SNPJ lodge to which you belong. 3) Every contribution must be signed also by either parent. 4) Every contribution must be in the hands of the Editor by the first of the month if intended for the issue of the Mladinski List of the following month. • CONTEST LETTER HOW WE ARE ALL DEPENDENT UPON OTHER PEOPLE You have often heard, it said that no one can live unto himself alone. On the other hand, we try to make ourselves “individual”—so that every person will not be a carbon copy of everyone else. Do these two statements seem to contradict each other? * Think for a moment about a grocer. A grocer is dependent upon a great many people. He cannot live unto himself alone. Can you see how a grocer must depend upon those who produce the goods? Upon the people who get the goods to his store? Upon all the people he must rely upon to purchase his store of supplies? If a grocer is dependent in this way, how can he be “individual”? * Think for a moment about a worker in an automobile factory. The automobile frame moves on a conveyor belt. And all that this particular worker has to do is to insert a bolt as the automobile frame moves on. Does this make his work less important? Just as important? More important? How must he rely upon others, and how are others dependent upon him? * Consider these questions as suggestions for your next letter. Write the letter IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Send it to the Contest Editor not later than July 28, 1941. Winners for the First Six Months of 1941 FOUR FIRST PRIZES $10.00 Each to: BALTEZAR, BILL, 17, 1246 Short St., Butte, Mont., Lodge 207. HOTKO, MILDRED, 16, 226 Main St., Oglesby, 111., Lodge 95. ZUPON, J. FRANCIS, 17, 546 Forest Ave., Johnstown, Pa., Lodge 82. DERMOTTA, DOROTHY, 17, Box 101, Avella, Pa., Lodge 292. Four Prizes of $8.00 Each to: Gostovich, Zora, 13, Box 531, Raton, N. Mexico, Lodge 416. Ravnikar, Sylvia, 17, Roundup, Mont., Lodge 700. Skoff, Eugene, 16, 3063 S. 56th Ave., Cicero, 111., Lodge 559. Volk, Mary, 17, 702 E. 160 St., Cleveland, Ohio, Lodge 312. Eleven Prizes of $5.00 Each to: Blazina, Margaret, 14, Box 871, Roundup, Mont., Lodge 114. Bozanic, Zita, 14, Worcester, N. Y., Lodge 393. Drager, John, 17, 130 Branch St., Johnstown, Pa., Lodge 3. Martinčič, Justin, 15, Box 684, Canonsburg, Pa., Lodge 138. Kukulan, Mildred, 16, 3224 N. 32nd St., Tacoma, Wash., Lodge 403. Madera, Joseph, 17, Box 44, Avella, Pa., Lodge 292. Polončič, Elsie, 16, Union Dale, Pa., R. F. D. 2, Lodge 124. Polončič, Margaret, 14, Union Dale, Pa., R. F. D. 2, Lodge 124. Sedey, Dorothy, 17, 209 Adams Ave., Eveleth, Minn., Lodge 69. Volk, Benjamin, 16, 17 Second Ave., Tonawanda, N. Y„ Lodge 405. Zupančič, Joseph, 18, 4525 Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa., Lodge 118. 13 Prizes of $3.00 Each to: Ambrozich, Victoria, 14, R. F. D. 5, Box 424, Craf-ton Branch, Pa., Lodge 88. Bozanic, Annie, 17, Worcester, N. Y., Lodge 393. Drager, Frances, 15, 130 Branch St., Johnstown, Pa., Lodge 3. Galicich, Fanny, 18, R. R. 1, Box 137, Arcadia, Kans., Lodge 206. Gostovich, Steve, 11, Raton, N. Mexico, Lodge 416. Jelovchan, Henry Wm., 17, R. F. D. 3, Box 1526, Girard, Kansas, Lodge 225. Hotko, Annie, 14, 226 Main St., Oglesby, 111., Lodge 95. Padar, Mildred, 11, 222 Wyckoff Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y., Lodge 580. Smolich, Wm., 16, 31 Church St., Herminie, Pa., Lodge 613. Vidmar, Josephine, 12, 2546 N. 37th St., Milwaukee, Wis., Lodge 747. Zagar, Dorothy, 17, Gilbert, Minn., Lodge 61. Mileta, Milka, 12, Box 175, Brilliant, New Mexico, Lodge 416. Rant, Pauline, 17, Traunik, Mich., Lodge 387. 31 Prizes of $1.00 Each: Oset, Josephine, 14, Roundup, Mont., Lodge 700. Britz, Lillian, 11, Box 28, Export, Pa., Lodge 232. Bozanic, Vera, 12, Worcester, N. Y., Lodge 393. Barton, Virginia, 12, R. F. D. 4, McDonald, Pa., Lodge 231. Campbell, Virginia, 13, Midway, Pa., Lodge 89. Gostovich, Dan, 9, Box 531, Raton, N. Mex., Lodge 416. Krally, Frances, 16, Box 65, Moon Run, Pa., Lodge 88. Kunslel, Marie, 13, Arcadia, Kansas, Lodge 206. Korber, Edmund, 12, R. D. 2, Box 91, Johnstown, Pa., Lodge 684. Lesnikar, Anthony, 16, Strabane, Pa., Lodge 138. Lekse, Louise, 15, Roundup, Mont., Lodge 700. Mileta, Zita, 10, Box 175, Brilliant, N. Mex., Lodge 416. Nahtigal, Lud., 17, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Lodge 648. Matko, Rosie J., 15, R. 1, Box 244, Hoquiam, Wash., Lodge 560. Matko, Helen, 16, R. 1, Box 244, Hoquiam, Wash., Lodge 560. Machek, Violet, 14, R. F. D. 4, McDonald, Pa., Lodge 231. Maslek, Violet Mae, 16, 341 Park St., Aliquippa, Pa., Lodge 122. Mihelič, Elsie Mae, 13, 206 S. 26th St., Colorado Springs, Colo., Lodge 94. Potochnik, William, 11, 1706 Tenth St., Waukegan, 111., Lodge 14. Potisk, Mary, 14, R. 4, Box 1034, West Allis, Wis., Lodge 747. Strumbel, Ann, 18, 937 Spruce St., Pueblo, Colo., Lodge 21. Pogoreliz, Frances, 15, 539 Highland Ave., Canonsburg, Pa., Lodge 138. Spendal, Jimmie, 13, 560 N. 11 St., Clinton, Ind., Lodge 50. Smolich, Grace, 14, 31 Church St., Herminie, Pa., Lodge 87. Turk, Aldrane, 17, 30 Harker St., Mansfield, O., Lodge 238. Stith, Donald, 16, 218 N. 12th St., Clinton, Ind., Lodge 50. Terbizan, Dora, 15, 14707 Hale Ave., Cleveland, O., Lodge 126. Slobodnik, Edward, 12, 9635 Ave. M., South Chicago, 111., Lodge 490. Urbania, Veronica, 15, Clairton, Pa., Lodge 52. Vicich, Sylvia, 17, R. D. 6, Wooster, O., Lodge 15. Udovich, Dolores, 12, R. 1, Box 90, La Salle, 111., Lodge 573. * HORACE MANN The man who did the most to improve the public schools of the United States was Horace Mann, Secretary of the Masachusetts State Board of Education. Horace Mann, the son of a farmer, was born in Franklin, Mass. He had to earn his schoolbooks by braiding straw, but he courageously put himself through Brown University and in 1823 he was admitted to the Masachusetts bar. All Americans should really appreciate the hard work which Mann had to do in establishing the schools, that is, free public schools. Mann traveled in Europe and brought back many interesting and helpful ideas for the improvement of education. Some ideas which he brought back from England were: schools should be carefully graded, expert supervisions should be employed, and £ lir ji ^