MMT0n0rM3MpaH0T0 ryMHO bo enoBeHeKaTa TpagM^M0Ha^Ha KynTypa - I Hukoc Haycuduc his work is pointed towards the semiotic and mythological aspects of the threshing floor in Slavic culture, including the period from the Middle Ages till the contemporary folklore. According to the real form and the functions of the threshing floor, its dynamical cosmo-logical symbolic is stressed, accenting its celestial character: - threshing floor = sky/heaven; - the hinge = axis mundi; - the circular movement of the animals = cyclical dynamics of the celestial bodies. A few myths referring to this particular object are elaborated. "he threshing Floor where the Birds are threshing Immortelle" is explicitly represented in the stories from Macedonia and Bulgaria, while implicitly its presence can be noticed in the Balkan rituals connected with the "Christmas Straw" and the legends of "he Milky Way" ("Godfather's Straw"/"Kumova slama"). he relation between the mythologized threshing floor and the faries is elaborated through the components "Fairies' hreshing Floor" ("Vilino gumno", "Ju-dinsko horo"), present throughout toponyms and legends. he second part of this work will give elaboration to the motif of the "Metallic hreshing Floor". CuM6onuKaTa Ha ryMHOTO e HenocpegHo 6a3MpaHa Bp3 HeroBuTe peanHu o6ene»:ja u ^yH^MMM, kom ce BnponeM HaTano^eHM u bo eTuMonorujaTa Ha HeroBuTe cnoBeHcKu Ha3MBM.' Toa e o6jeKT bo Bug Ha Kpy^eH nnomTag, ^opMupaH Ha u3paMHeTa u HaTanKaHa 3eMja. Bo ^HTapoT Ha nnomTagoT e nocTaBeH cTo^epoT Ha ryMHoTo, U3pa6oTeH og cuneH gpBeH cTon6, 3a6ueH bo 3eMjaTa unu naK cre6no og gpBo KoemTo pacreno Ha Toa MecTo. ryMHoTo cny^u npeg ce 3a BpmeK>e Ha ^utoto, TaKa mTo KnacjeTo Ke ce nocTenu Ha 3eMja u npeKy Hero Ke ce nymTu ga ra3u go6uToKoT (npeg ce kok>u), Koj e Bp3aH 3a cTo^epoT u bo Kpyr ce BpTu hu3 ryMHoTo. OcBeH 3a oBaa goMuHaHTHa ^yH^uja, ryMHoTo ce Kopucreno u 3a gpyru npou3BoTcTBeHu npo^cu, KaKo Ha npuMep: - u3pa6oTKa Ha ^enHu, gpyru cagoBu, Tynu u KepaMugu (nogroToBKa Ha rnuHaTa T.e. KanTa, o6nuKyBaK>e u cymefte); -MeTanypruja (nogroTBKa Ha pygaTa 3a ToneK>e); - u3pa6oTKa Ha gpBeH jarneH (cno^yBa^e u ropefte Ha gpBoTo). PaMHaTa noBpmuHa Ha ryMHoTo, nopagu cBojaTa coogBeTHocT, ce KopucTena u 3a Henpou3BogcTBeHu noTpe6u - KaKo MecTo Kage ^uTenuTe Ha egHa Hacen6a ce co6upane no pa3Hu noBogu (goroBopu, npocnaBu, o6pegu).2 HeKceMaTa ^yMHo ce 6a3upa Bp3 npacnoBeHcKoTo *gu-mbno, ™j KopeH, naK ce noBp3yBa co KpynHuoT poraT go6uToK Koj ce mmhm geKa M3BopHo ro M3BegyBan Bpme&eTo - ocHoBHaTa yTunuTapHa ^yH^uja Ha oBoj o6jeKT (P. Skok, Etimologijski ... ; M. OacMep, ^TMMono^MMecKMM ...). Ha3MBoT moK, ro npeTcTaByBa gMHaMM^KMoT acneKT Ha ryMHoTo T.e. „Teqe&eTo" / gBM^e&eTo - Ha go6uToKoT unu oHa mTo Toj ro cMM6onM3Mpan (M. OacMep, ^TMMono^MMecKMM ... ). TpeTuoT Ha3MB xapMaH (6yr.) unu ^apMaH (yKp.) Ke ce o6ugeMe ga ro npoTonKyBaMe bo HapegHMTe rnaBu. CnaBSHcKMe gpeBHocTu ... 1, 569-571; M. C. OununoBuh, EaKapHo ... , 19, 22, 23, 29, 30; M. BeHeguKoB, Meg-hoto ... , 80. 83 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I ryMH0T0, 3aegH0 co CTo^epoT, hocm bo ce6e u cmhho noTeH^paH 06pegH0-MarMCKM u MMTCK0-cuM6onuHKM KapaKTep Koj goceramHMTe ucrpa:*yBaHM Hajnecro ro onpegenyBane KaKo ceKyHgapeH, ogHocHo BTeMeneH unu npou3ne3eH og HeroBMTe cTonaHcKu T.e. yTunuTapHM ^yHK^u.3 Bo HamuoT o6ug 3a oTKpuBafte Ha oBoj acneKT, Hue TprHyBaMe og cTaBoT geKa MMTcKaTa u yTunuTapHaTa ^yH^uja Ha ryMHoTo ce nogegHaKBo Ba^Hu, a ce nojaByBane u pa3BMBane napanenHo, bo HepacKMHnuBa Meryce6Ha BpcKa. Ba3upajKu ce Bp3 oBoj craB, y6egeHU cMe geKa bo apxaMHHMTe KynTypu, ryMHoTo 6uno bo mcto BpeMe u yrunuTapeH u KynTeH o6jeKT, ogHocHo MMTonoru3upaH yTUHUTapeH o6jeKT unu yTunMTapM3upaH mmtckm o6jeKT.4 I. KocMonomKa cMM6onMKa Ha ryMHOTO Cnopeg egHaTa og HamuTe cTapTHU xunoTe3M, ryMHoTo HajnpBo 6uno KynTeH o6jeKT, Koj co cBojaTa npaBunHa Kpy^Ha ^opMa u ^HTpanHo nocTaBeHuoT cron6 -cTo^ep, ro npeTcTaByBano cBeToT bo rno6ana, mhm egHoTo og HeroBMTe gBe oggenHU hmbom (3eMja, He6o). Bo cuTe cnynau, ^HTpanHuoT cTo^ep ru MaHM^ecTupan MMTcKMTe npeTcTaBM 3a KOCMUHKUom cmon6 Koj ro opraHM3upa u ogp^yBa kocmocot, KaKo u npeTcTaBMTe 3a KOCMUHKama ocKa, oKony Koja ce ogBMBaaT cuTe acneKTM Ha HeroBoTo guHaMMHKo nocToefte. Hepa3geneH, a M0^e6u gypu u npuMapeH eneMeHT Ha ryMHoTo e ^mbothoto, Koe Bp3aH0 3a cTo:«epoT ce gBM^u bo Kpyr oKony Hero. ManKy e BepojaTHo geKa H0BeK0T ro peanu3upan ryMHoTo cnopeg ogHanpeg nogroTBeH „MeHTaneH npoeKT", TyKy geKa ru cornegan HaBegeHMTe KocMonomKM 3HaneH>a TaKa mTo cnynajHo ro Ha6aygyBan (u ce ^ac^Hupan) og npaBunH0T0 Kpy«eH>e Ha ^mbothoto, Koe 6uno Bp3aH0 oKony HeKoe gpBo. npu Toa, nocTojaHoTo, nepuoguHHo u BpeMeHcKM TeMnupaHo „goarafte" u „ogefte" Ha ^mbothoto, MHTep^epupano co HeroBMTe ucKycTBa 3a nepuoguHHMTe ^Knycu bo npupogaTa, a bo BM3yenHa cMucna M0^e6u HajHenocpegHo -co Kpy^HoTo unu nonyKpy«H0 gBM^efte Ha cosBe3gujaTa, Ha coh^to u Ha MecenuHaTa no He60T0. Mo^e6u HajugeanHo, ryMHoTo MHTep^epupano co hoKhoto SBe3geH0 He6o, Kage ogpegeHM SBe3gu unu cosBe3guja (npeg ce nonapHaTa SBe3ga) cTojaT HenogBM^HM, gogeKa oKonHMTe - nocTeneHo Kpy^aT oKony hub. MMaMe noBogu ga BepyBaMe geKa cnopeg oBoj koh^ot 6uno 06jacHeT0 u gBM^efteTo Ha coh^to u MecenuHaTa, u noKpaj Toa mTo HMBHaTa poTa^ja He ce ogBMBana bo xopu30HTanH0T0, TyKy bo BepTMKanHoTo paMHumTe Ha He60T0. npu 0Ba cuM6onuHK0 M3egHanyBafte Ha He60T0 u ryMHoTo, He ce aKTyanu3upano caMo hmboto Ha o6hmkot Ha cBeToT unu He60T0, TyKy u HeroBoTo ^yH^MOHanHO hubo, ogHocHo CMnMTe T.e. ^aKTopMTe mio ja peanM3MpaaT HeroBaTa guHaMUKa. Ha 0Ba hmbo, ^MB0THMTe mTo Kpy^aT HM3 ryMHoTo, KoHceKBeHTHo Ke ce M3egHanaT co o6jeKTMTe mTo Kpy^aT HM3 He60T0 (cosBe3guja, coh^, MecenuHa), ho m co ^aKTopoT (cunaTa, eHeprujaTa) mTo ja peanu3upa HMBHaTa guHaMMKa. Bo oBaa KoHCTena^ja, cTo^epoT - KaKo HaBugyM nacuBeH eneMeHT, Ke ja go6ue MCKnynuTenHo Ba^HaTa ^yH^uja Ha HeMaHM^ecTeH ogp^yBaq, HagrnegyBaq, ypegyBaq, KOHTponop Ha KOcMM^KaTa guHaMMKa. MgeHTM^MKyBajKM ro cTo^epoT co ce6e caMuoT u co CBojaTa MHTeH^ja 3a ynpaByBafte u ypegyBafte Ha BceneHaTa, H0BeK0T bo Hero Ke ro npou^pa 3 M. C. OununoBuh, BaKapHo ... , 19, 23, 29-31; M. BeHeguKoB, MegHoTo ... , 80. 4 3a HamuTe K0H^e^^MM oKony npoTKaeHocTa Ha mmtckoto m yTMnMTapHoTo (na gypu u ogpegeH cTeneH Ha npuMapHocT Ha mmtckoto), Bugu: H. Haycuguc, 06pegoT ... ; H. Haycuguc, MHTepguc^unnuHapHo ... . 84 Hukoc Haycuduc Bpx0BHM0T eHTMTeT Ha MgejHOTO hubo Ha BceneHaTa - ^aKTopoT (Bor) Koj co CBojaTa nocTojaHocT u cTa6unHocr ja opraHu3upa, HagrnegyBa BceneHaTa u paKoBogu co Hea. Bo ^uBoTHUTe kou Ke ce HajgaT Ha ryMHoTo, BeKe npeg Toa 6une uHBecTupaHu pa3Hu mutcko-cum6ohuhku 3HaHefta, mTo rnaBHo ce ogHecyBane Ha c^epaTa Ha hubhoto nowryBafte KaKo ToTeMu, ogHocHo KaKo ^ubothu Bp3 kou ce 6a3upa e^3ucTeH^ujaTa T.e. nocroefteTo Ha 3aegHu^Ta, npomupeHu u Ha ^yH^ujaTa Ha Hej3uHu pogurenu T.e. ^peg^u. Bo oBoj cnoj Ha cBouTe cTapu 3HaHefta u HoBuTe KocMonomKu ^yH^uu, »MBoTHuTe Ke ce npeTBopaT bo 6o^ecTBa - 3acTa^Hu^u Ha oggenHuTe He6ecKu Tena, ho u Ha BeKe HaBegeHuTe He6ecKu cunu mTo BnageaT co HuBHaTa guHaMuKa.5 Ako ro nornegHeMe 3eMjogencKoTo ryMHo hu3 egeH BaKoB mutcko- KocMonomKu acneKT, HeroBuTe yTunuTapHu ^yH^uu Mo^aT gypu ga hu ce BugaT u KaKo HegoBonHo onpaBgaHu, og egHocTaBHa npuHuHa mTo BpmefteTo Ha ^utoto (ogBojyBafteTo Ha 3pHoTo og KnacjeTo) Mo^e ga ce u3BegyBa goBonHo e^eKTHo u Ha gpyr HanuH - npeKy MnaTefte (ygupafte co c^e^ujaneH Bug anaTKu), npu mTo Kpy^HaTa ^opMa Ha ryMHoTo He e oco6eHo onpaBgaHa. nopagu oBa, noMucnyBaMe geKa u3BopHaTa npuHuHa (unu 6apeM gononHuTenHa MOTUBa^uja) 3a Bpmefte ^uto Ha ryMHoTo, Mo^e6u ce cocToena bo huhot Ha HeroBo ocBeTyBafte, npeKy nono^yBafte Ha cBeTuoT npocTop (caKpanHoTo ryMHo) u craBafte bo HenocpegeH KoHTaKT co caKpanHuTe cuM6onu no^upaHu Ha Hero. TyKa MucnuMe Ha cTo^epoT, Koj ro npeTcraByBan 6o^ecTBoTo6 u Ha ^uBoTHuTe (kok>u, roBega), kou co cBoeTo caKpanu3upaHo Kpy^Ho gBu^efte u gonupoT co KonuTaTa, Tpe6ane ga ro pernaMeHTupaaT T.e. Bepu^uKyBaaT npeMuHoT Ha ^utoto og „oHoj cBeT" (cBeToT Ha npupogHoTo, Ha guBoTo, Ha 6otobckoto) bo „oBoj cBeT" (cBeT Ha KynTypanHoTo, Ha nuToMoTo u Ha HoBeHKoTo).7 Bo npunor Ha HaBegeHuTe TonKyBafta roBopaT 6pojHu o6pegHo-MarucKu Tpagu^uu kou go cKopo ce u3BegyBane Ha ryMHoTo, unu 6une nocpegHo u HenocpegHo noBp3aHu co Hero. Bo oBaa npuroga Ke gageMe KpaToK nperneg Ha BaKBuoT MaTepujan Koj ce ogHecyBa Ha cnoBeHcKuoT ^onKnop. II. ryMHoTo bo o6pegMTe Bo noncKa, ryMHoTo npeg BpmefteTo ce nonpcKyBano co cBeTa Boga unu co con. Bo oKonuHaTa Ha Pfl3aHb (Pycuja), geBojKu npaBene Konanu u ru Hocene Ha ryMHoTo, 3a ga ro „noBuKaaT neToTo" u 3a ga o6e36egaT ycnemHa ^eTBa. 3a ga ce npegu3BuKa o6uneH pog, bo McroHHa Cp6uja, npeg BeefteTo Ha ^utoto, goMaKuHoT npaBen KpcT Ha ryMHoTo, TaKa mTo HeKopen hu3 Hero og 3anag koh uctok u og ceBep koh jyr. Kpyr co BnumaH KpcT, Ha ryMHoTo ce ^Tan u bo nonecje, 3a BpeMe Ha 6o^uKHaTa Benepa Koja TaMy ce opraHu3upana. 3a Bo^uk, Ha ryMHoTo ce u3BegyBane u gpyru o6pegu. Bo Cp6uja u BocHa uMano o6unaj, oKony cTo^epoT ga ce nocTaBu 6o^uKHa cnaMa u TyKa npuBugHo ga ce u3Bege Bpmug6a, 3a ycnex Ha npeTcTojHaTa ^eTBa. HeKage, Taa cnaMa ce ocTaBana 5 Bo TpagM^MOHanHaTa cnoBeHcKa KynTypa ce go6po no3HaTu 3ooMop^HMTe cuM6onu Ha coh^to (HajHecTo KaKo Koft, ^TM^a), Ha MeceHMHaTa (KaKo KpaBa) u Ha cosBe3gujaTa (3ogujaK). 3a oBa Bugu nogony. 6 Bugu HaTaMy (HamuTe npBu cornegyBafta 3a BaKBuoT KapaKTep Ha cTo^epoT u ryMHoTo: H. Haycuguc, Cro^epoT ... , 14, 15) 7 M geHec noTKoBu^Ta Ha KoftoT (= KonuTo) e cuM6on Ha cpeKaTa u ycnexoT, mTo ce 6a3upa Ha ra3efteTo Ha cBeToTo ^ubotho (unu 6o®ecTBoTo), KaKo ^opMa Ha npeHoc Ha HeroBuTe moku Bp3 3eMjaTa (R. Katicic, Hoditi ... ). 3a oBue acneKTu: T. MonnoB, Mut ... , rnaBa 6 / 3. 85 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I ga crou cé go cnegHoTo bmctmhcko Bpmefte. Ha Toj geH, bo Benopycuja goMaKuHoT, Ha ryMHOTO U3BegyBan o6peg Koj ro npeTcKa»:yBan ynexoT Ha 3eMjogencKUTe KynTypu. Bo XpBaTcKa u BojBoguHa, TaMy ce peanu3upano o6pegHo Bpmefte (3a ga ce o6e36egu go6ap pog), npu mTo ^MBoTHMTe ru 3aMeHyBane ge^ kom, BUKajKU KaKo ^mbothm, ce gBM^ene oKony cTo^epoT. Bo pa3Hu npurogu, Ha ryMHoTo ce opraHM3Mpane cpeg6u Ha MnaguHaTa, npocnegeHU co necHu u TaH^.8 Bo HapogHMTe BepyBafta, ryMHoTo e MecTo Ha co6upafte Ha caMoBunu, BemTepKu u gpyru geMoHU, HajHecTo co HeraTMBeH npeg3HaK. Kaj McToHHUTe CnoBeHU nocroen u cne^^uneH geMoH Ha ryMHoToTo (ryMeHHbrn xo3hmh). npucycTBoTo Ha oBue nMKoBM, HajnecTo ce Bp3yBano 3a npeMMHoT og anpun bo Maj (HajHecTo 1 Maj, npa3HMKoT Cb. EpeMuja, fyproBgeH) unu TepMMHoT Ha eceHcKaTa paMHogHeBHU^, Kora Ha ryMHoTo ce M3BegyBane u HajMucTUHHUTe o6pegHo- MarucKu nocTanKu. MoTUBUTe u ^nuTe Ha oBue BepyBafta u o6pegu ce pa3nMHHM, ho rnaBHo ce cocroene bo cnegHoTo: -Tepafte Ha HeHMcTMTe cunu og cBojaTa KyKa unu mmot; - npeB3eMafte Ha cpeKaTa, go6uBKaTa u ycnexoT og egHa KyKa Ha gpyra; - ay6oBHa Maruja; - cpeg6u co raBonoT u t.h.. HajroneMuoT gen og oBue o6pegu ru U3BegyBane cTapu ^eHU (kom He paraaT), cKpumyM, coceM ronu u bo rnyBoTo go6a Ha HoKra. Ce BepyBano geKa npeKy ^pnafte Ha Hajy6aBUTe ^mthm KnacoBU og Tyra HUBa Ha cBoeTo ryMHo, ^eHUTe - BemTepKu Mo^aT ga npegM3BMKaaT, ^mtoto „ga npe6era" Kaj hub og mmotot Ha concTBeHUKoT. EgeH og HajMHTepecHMTe e o6pegoT „Mon3efte Ha MeceHUHaTa" npu Koj, npeKy pa3HU o6pegHU nocTanKu, MeceHUHaTa, U3egHaneHa co KpaBa, ce „cMeTHyBana" (cuMHyBana) Ha ryMHoTo, npu mTo MneKoTo ce npe3eMano og Hea, unu naK og KpaBUTe u og ^eHUTe - gounKM Ha coceguTe, u ce npeHecyBano Ha cBouTe. Bo npuH^n, noceTaTa Ha ryMHoTo bo hoKho BpeMe ce cMeTana 3a Heno^enHa u onacHa.9 HacnpoTU rope HaBegeHUTe o6uHau co cuneH ^eHcKU npeg3HaK, nocTojaT u TaKBU kom yKa^yBaaT Ha npunagHocTa Ha ryMHoTo koh c^epaTa Ha Ma^oT: - bo Cp6uja u ^Ha ropa, ryMHoTo He Moreno ga npeMUHe bo HacnegcTBo Ha ^eHaTa; - bo Benopycuja, noroneMuoT gen og neToTo, goMaKuHoT ro noMUHyBan Ha ryMHoTo; - bo noncKa, no cMppTTa, KoBHeroT co TenoTo Ha noHMHaTMoT goMaKuH ce ocTaBan ManKy ga otctom Ha ryMHoTo; - ce cMeTano geKa aKo KpT pue 3eMja Ha ryMHoTo, HacKopo Ke yMpe goMaKuHoT (cnpoTUBHo Ha oBa, HeroBoTo puefte bo KyKaTa npeTcKa^yBano cMpT Ha goMaKUHKaTa).10 Bo npunor Ha MamKuoT KapaKTep, roBopaT u gpyru - nogony HaBegeHU Tpagu^u noBp3aHU co cTo^epoT. - gro^epot bo o6pegmte Bo cuTe cnoBeHcKU peruoHU, BepyBaftaTa u o6pegHo-MarucKUTe nocTanKu ce cunHo HaconeHU koh cTo^epoT Ha ryMHoTo. Bo Cp6uja, cTo^epoT He cMee ga ce ropu 3a ga He M3ropaT noceBUTe og coh^. Bo BpeMe Ha cyma, Toj ce noneBa co Boga, 3a ga 3aBpHe go^g. Kpaj Hero ce BpmaT u gpyru o6pegu u MonMTBM 3a go^g unu npoTUB HeBpeMe. CrapuoT cTo^ep He ce MeHyBa cé gogeKa go6po paraaT HUBUTe, na gypu u noToa He ce ^pna, TyKy caMo ce Tpra HacTpaHa (Ha npuMep bo menHUKoT). Ha Hero ce cTaBa 8 CnaBSHcKue gpeBHocTM ... 1, 569-571; CpncKM mmt. peHHMK ... , 50-52. 9 CnaBSHcKue gpeBHocTM ... 1, 570-571; CpncKM mmt. peHHMK ... , 140, 423; M. reoprueBa, BtnrapcKa ... , 24, 174; Lj. Risteski, he Orgiastic ... ; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 282, 355, 357, 358. 10 CnaBSHcKue gpeBHocTM ... 1, 570. 86 Hukoc Haycuduc nHenuHa KomHu^ 3a ga ce 3amTMTaT nHenuTe og ypoK unu 3a ga 6ugaT HMBMTe nonHu "KaKo bo KomHu^". Ha cTo^epoT ce BpTu u ce Kpmu 6agHUKoBaTa noraHa Koja TyKa Ha ryMH0T0 u ce jage. Kpaj Hero ce ocTaBaaT u gpyru npa3HUHHu ne6oBu, a u BpeKa »mto, Koja TaMy Tpe6a ga ctou Tpu geHa - 3a ga ce goHeKa nnogHocTa Ha noceBuTe. npeg hmhot Ha ceug6aTa, TyKa ce Kpmu jaj^e, no BpmeaeTo ce Kone neTen, a bo pa3Hu gpyru npurogu u gpyru KpBHu :«pTBu. Ako HeKoja ^eHa He para, 3a ga 3aHHe - Tpe6a ga nue Boga bo Koja Ke ce cTaBu Kopa u3nyneHa og cTo^epoT. OBoj o6jeKT e noBp3aH u co KaneaeTo Ha Mnago»:eHe^T npeg cBag6aTa. napHe og cro^epoT ce Hoceno Ha TenoTo KaKo aMajnuja. npeg cTo^epoT He cMeeno ga ce na^e.11 Bo noBeKeTo cnoBeHcKu peruoHu, og nocnegHuoT ^uTeH Knac ce npaBena „6paga" („6o^ja 6paga") co Koja, noKpaj gpyroTo, ce KuTen cro^epoT Ha ryMHoTo, npu mTo ce hmhm geKa Toj HeKoram ja npeTcTaByBan ^urypaTa Ha 6o^ecTBoTo (T.VII: 4, 5, 8 -xunoTeraHHa peKoHcTpy^uja Ha aHTponoMop^u3upaHuoT cTo^ep). Bp3 ocHoBa Ha ogpegeHu Ha3uBu Ha oBoj peKBu3uT u Bep6anHuTe u3peKu noBp3aHu co HeroBoTo nocBeTyBaae, Mo»e ga ce 3aKnyHu geKa bo cnoBeHcKaTa KynTypa cro^epoT Ha ryMHoTo ro 3acTanyBan bpxobhoto 6o^ecTBo (rocnog / Bor), xtohckuot 6or (Benec / Bonoc) unu rpoMoBHuKoT (nepyH?, anTepHupaH co Cb. Mnuja).12 Bo HeKou peruoHu Ha Cp6uja, cTo^epoT Ha ryMHoTo hocu aKcujanHu 3HaHeaa. HeKage Toj ce HapeKyBan „cTyn" / „cTyna^' u „coxa" - Ha3uBu kou ce ogHecyBaaT Ha cTon6oT Koj ro noTnupa KpoBoT Ha KyKaTa, mTo Mo^e ga ynaTyBa Ha ugeHTu^uKa^ujaTa Ha cTo^epoT co kocmmhkmot cTon6 Koj ro noTnupa He6oTo. HeKou og TonoHuMuTe co Ha3uB „CTo^ep" ce ogHecyBaaT 3a ^HTpanHuoT gen Ha umotot Ha egeH pog unu aTapoT Ha egHo ceno, kou ce HeoTyruBu (He cMeaT ga ce npogaBaaT). 3a6ene^eHu ce npegaHuja cnopeg kou, oBue TonoHuMu ro go6une Ha3uBoT cnopeg cra^epoT mTo TyKa bo 3eMjaTa ro 3a6un pogoHananHuKoT Ha Toj pog unu ceno, npu ocHoBaaeTo Ha Taa Hacen6a unu umot.13 III. ryMHOTO KaKo cmm6OH Ha He60T0 Ha oBaa cuM6onuHKa pena^uja, HenocpegHo unu nocpegHo, ynaTyBaaT noBeKe npuMepu og cnoBeHcKuoT ^onKnop.14 HajHecTo cTaHyBa 36op 3a npuMepu bo kou co He6oTo ce u3egHaHyBa MeTanHoTo (HajHecTo 6aKapHo / MegHo) ryMHo - TeMa Ha Koja geTanHo ce ocBpHyBaMe bo HapegHuTe rnaBu. Ha oBa MecTo Ke HaBegeMe gBe raTaHKu bo kou TaKBoTo ryMHo hocu 3HaHeae Ha He6o. npBa e 6yrapcKaTa raTaHKa „noceax 6o6 Ha MegeH tok, Brbp3ax ap^ ga ro na3u" (pemeHue: SBe3gu, He6o u MeceHUHa). Bo egHa cpncKa raTaHKa ce jaByBa cpe6peHoTo ryMHo „Ja u3u^ox Ha cpe6pHo ryBHo / M 3acBupax cpe6pHoM cBupanu^M, / CBaK Me Hyje, huko Me He Bugu" (pemeHue: rpMoTeBu^, Koja oneBugHo ce ogHecyBa Ha 3ByxoT og cBupKaTa, npu mTo ryMHoTo ro o3HaHyBa He6oTo T.e. MecToTo Kage 3ByKoT ce co3gaBa).15 HenocpegHoTo u3egHaHyBaae Ha ryMHoTo 11 CpncKM mmt. peHHMK ... , 50-52, 140, 422-424; CnaBaHcKMe gpeBHocTM ... 1, 570, 571. 12 CnaBSHcKMe gpeBHocTM ... 1, 231-234; CpncKM mmt. peHHMK ... , 56, 57, 422-424; H. Haycuguc, MMTcKMTe ... , 423, 424. H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 233-235, 264, 265. 13 CpncKM mmt. peHHMK ... , 423, 424, 425. 14 3a pena^MjaTa ryMHo = He6o: M. IeoprueBa, BtnrapcKa ... , 66; T. MonnoB, Mmt ... , rnaBa 6 / 3, ^ycHoTa 34; A. KanoaHoB, Btn. maMaHcTBo ... , 47, 108, 109, 113-115; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 28, 84, 217, 313, 318, 319, 351, 352, 364, 370, 371. 15 M. IeoprueBa, BtnrapcKa ... , 66, rpy3MjcKM aHanoruu: 44; M. C. OununoBMh, BaKapHo ... , 29; T. MonnoB, Mmt ... , rnaBa 6 /3, ^ycHoTa 34. 87 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I u HeöoTo e 3a6ene^eHo u bo rpy3MjcKMTe raTaHKu KaKo u bo rpy3MjcKaTa noBeHKa enuKa, Kage mutckuot egHopor eneH ce noBp3yBa co ryMHoTo KaKo cuM6on Ha He6oTo. Kaj rpy3Mj^MTe nocroeno BepyBaae geKa rpoMoT goara og KpeMeaaTa Ha guKojHaTa (npuMuTuBHa cnpaBa 3a Bpmeae) Ha Koja cegu Cb. Mnuja, og mTo cnegu geKa He6oTo e ryMHo.16 nocpegHo, oBaa cuM6onuHKa pena^ja e ogpa3eHa bo Ha3uBuTe Ha cosBe3gujaTa (Ha npuMep, AHgpoMega, HapeHeHa „ryMHo" / „nonoBo ryMHo") u oco6eHo Ha3uBoT „CTo^ep" / „CTo^ap", Koj ogHecyBajKu ce Ha nonapHaTa SBe3ga, ro Kogupa ceTo SBe3geHo He6o KaKo ryMHo. Bo Pycuja, Ha3uBoT „Cro:*:apbi" ro on^aKan cosBe3gueTo „MeHKa" u nonapHaTa SBe3ga, Koja ce npeTcTaByBana KaKo Kone^ oKony Koj Kpy«u noc unu Koa. Kaj cTencKuTe Hapogu (Bonra - nepMb, Cu6up, TypKecTaH, KaBKa3 ...) nocToene npega-Huja cnopeg kou nonapHaTa SBe3ga e ^ene3eH unu 3naTeH Kon unu cTo^ep oKony Koj, Hu3 cpeguHaTa Ha He6oTo, Bp3aHu 3a Hero ce gBu^aT gBe SBe3gu (npeTcTaBeHu KaKo 6en u cub Koa) unu cuTe cosBe3guja, ucto TaKa npeTcTaBeHu KaKo Koau unu gpyru ^ubothu.17 MHgu^u 3a cnuHHa cuM6onu3a^ja nocTojaT u bo gpeBHouHgucKuTe Tpagu-^u, Kage nouMoT vahana e bo pena^ja co 3ooMop^u3upaHUTe cTpaHu Ha cBeToT, co gpeBHuoT uHgoeBponcKu Ha3uB 3a 3anpe^Ha Kona /cnopegu co Wagen/, ho u co uHgoapucKuoT Ha3uB 3a Kpy^eH cTaguoH, HaMeHeT 3a Be^6aae Koau. Bo npeHocHa cMucna, oBoj Ha3uB ro o3HanyBan u 30gnjaK0T.18 nocnegHuoB nouM ru o3HanyBa 12-Te cosBe3guja, no^paHu Ha eKnunTuKaTa - naTeKaTa mTo coh^to npuBugHo ja ocTBapyBa Ha He6oTo bo TeKoT Ha roguHaTa. Ha3uBoT goara og rpHKoTo ZwSiov mTo bo npeHocHa cMucna 3HaHu „»mbotmhckm Kpyr". KaKo u bo gpyru gpeBHu KynTypu, Toj e npou3Bog Ha 3ooMop^u3a^jaTa Ha noBeKeTo og 12-Te cosBe3guja (OBeH, Buk, PaK, Pu6u uth.). Mctoto 3Haneae ro HocaT u HeKou og cnoBeHcKuTe eKBuBaneHTu Ha oBoj Ha3uB (Ha npuMep, HemKoTo zverokruh - Kpyr og »mbothm). Bo gpyru cnynau, bo Ha3uBoT Ha oBoj ^eHoMeH npeoBnagean acneKToT Ha coh^to, KaKo Kaj xpBaTcKuoT suncopas, bo 3HaHeae Ha „coHHeBa naTeKa", ogHocHo naT no Koj ce gBu^u coh^to. Bo cpegHoBeKoBHuoT HemKu cnuc „Mater verborum", HemKaTa rnoca svor e o6jacHeTa KaKo 3ogujaK. HeKou ucTpa^yBaHu ja cTaBaaT bo pena^ja co naraHocnoBeHcKuoT He6ecKM 6or CBapor (TaTKo Ha CBapo^uH - 6or Ha coh^to u orHoT), Huja eTuMonoruja gocerHyBa go uHgoeBponcKuTe u uHgoupaHcKu KopeHu *svar, *svarg, bo 3HaHeae Ha He6o, He6ecKa cBeTnuHa.19 Ho, 3HaHuTenHo noroneM 6poj u nocno^eHo cTpyKTypupaHu goKa3u 3a He6ecKoTo 3HaHeae Ha ryMHoTo ce HaoraaT bo gBe cne^^uHHu mutcku cu^ea: „ryMHoTo Ha Koe nTu^ BpmaT cMun" u „MeTanHoTo ryMHo". Bo HapegHuTe rnaBu Ke um nocBeTuMe BHuMaHue Ha oBue TeMu, Kage ocBeH HaBegeHoTo He6ecKo 3HaHeae ce npucyTHu u MHory gpyru MuTcKo-cuM6onuHKu acneKTu Ha ryMHoTo. 16 M. reoprueBa, BtnrapcKa ... , 44; T. MonnoB, Mmt ... , rnaBa 6 /3, ^ycHöTa 34. 17 3a Ha3MBMTe: f. ^HeB, He6oTo ... , 61, 73, 74; CnaBaHcKMe gpeBHocTM ... 2, 291. 3a npegaHMjaTa: A. KanoaHoB, Btn. maMaHcTBo ... , 47, 109, 113-115; ro. E. Bepe3KMH, TeMaTMHecKaa ... , 85, 85A 18 E. C. CeMeKa, AHTponoMop^Hbie ... , 115. 19 3a oBMe acneKTM, 3a CBapor m HaBegeHMTe eTMMonomKM TonKyBaaa: H. Haycuguc, CnoBeHcKMTe ... ; A. A^a-HacbeB, ^o^TMHecKMe ... , I, 129, 130. Bo TeKoT Ha HecTMHapcKMTe eKcTaTMHHM o6pegu (Byrapuja), ®apTa no Koja npeMMHyBaaT yHecHM^MTe (ra3ejKM no Hea co 6ocu Ho3e), ce nocTMna bo Kpyr „KaKo ryMHo" (A. Kanoa-hob, Btn. maMaHcTBo ... , 66, 78). 88 Hukoc Haycuduc IV. MMTCKOTO ryMHO Ha Koe nT^M BpmaT CMUI OBa gejcTBue ce jaByBa bo HeKonKy npuKa3Hu kou cnopeg HamuTe ceramHu co3HaHuja ce eBugeHTupaHu bo MaKegoHuja u Byrapuja. Bo npBaTa, 3anumaHa bo 0K0nuHaTa Ha KycTeHgun, egeH H0BaK, KanyBajKu ce Ha He6o, rnega KaKo TaMy rocnog, Ha cBoeTo ryMHo Bpmu cMun co nap rycKu. Bo BTopaTa, 3a6ene^eHa bo npunen, uctoto gejcTBue ce ogBuBa Ha HeKoja nycTa nnaHuHa, HegocTanHa 3a nyfeTo, Kage - no Hapeg6a Ha caM0BunuTe, cTpa^KuTe co6upaaT cMun Koj noToa ro BpmaT. Bo 0Ba gejcTBue ce 6apa npunuHaTa nopagu Koja BpaT0BuTe um ce ucKy6aHu (3aToa mT0 6une Bp3aHu 3a cTo^epoT Ha ryMH0T0). Cnu^Hu eneMeHTu ce npucyTHu u bo egHa gpyra npuKa3Ha, bo Koja rnaBHuoT jyHaK, bo noTpara no cBojaTa ^eHa - caM0Buna, naTyBa koh caM0BuncK0T0 ceno, neTajKu Ha open, no npenopaKa Ha naBKaTa Koja HeKoram TaMy Bpmena cMun.20 Bo npBaTa npuKa3Ha, He6ecKuoT KapaKTep Ha ryMH0T0 e eKC^nu^UTH0 u3pa3eH - Toa My npunafa Ha Bor u ce Haofa Ha He6o. Bo BTopuoT npuMep, TaKBuoT KapaKTep UM^nu^UTH0 ro ogpa3yBa nycTaTa HegocTanHa nnaHuHa u caM0BunuTe, mT0 bo TpeTuoT e anTepHupaHo co caM0BuncK0T0 ceno Koe, cygejKu cnopeg Toa mT0 rnaBHuoT nuK naTyBa goTaMy KaneH Ha open, ucto TaKa e HenpucTanHo, a M0^e6u u n0^upaH0 Ha He6o. CMeTaMe geKa He6ecKuoT KapaKTep Ha ryMH0T0, bo 0Bue npuKa3Hu e KogupaH u nocpegHo, npeKy HaBegeHuTe neTupu eneMeHTu: - m^uTe KaKo peanu3aTopu Ha BpmeaeTo Ha ryMH0T0 - cMunoT mT0 ce Bpmu Ha ryMH0T0 - n0^upaH0CTa Ha ryMH0T0 Ha nycTaTa nnaHuHa - npucycTB0T0 Ha caM0BunuTe He6ecKuoT KapaKTep Ha CMunoT, Ha ryMH0T0 Ha Koe Toj ce Bpmu u Ha nnaHuHaTa Ha Koja e n0^upaH0 BaKB0T0 ryMHo ja 3aoKpy«yBa egHa gpyra xpucTujaHu3upaHa npuKa3Ha og BocHa, bo Koja cBe^uTe gp^aT co6op Ha HajBucoKaTa nnaHuHa Ha cBeToT, HapeneHa CMU^aHa nnaHUHa. Bo egHa KoMnapaTuBHa aHanu3a M. ByguMup ja u3egHanyBa 0Baa nnaHuHa co xeneHCKuoT OnuMn u co gpyru uHgoeBponcKu npuMepu kou, noKpaj ocTaHaTuTe cbou 3Haneaa ro cuM6onu3upaaT u He6oTo.21 1. nmu^me KaKo peanmamopu Ha epmumóama Ha ^yMHomo Bo ucTpa^yBaaaTa Ha ceMuoTuKaTa Ha KocMonomKuTe mutcku cTpyKTypu, go6po e npoyneH koh^otot Ha Kogupaae Ha KocMu^KuTe 30hu Ha BceneHaTa npeKy 300M0p$HM KnacM^MKaTopM T.e. npucycTBo Ha ^ubothu kou u peanHo er3ucTupaaT bo gageHaTa 30Ha, KaKo Ha npuMep: - 3Muja, pu6a = gonHu npegenu (nog3eMje, 3eMHu Bogu); - eneH, roBego = Hag3eMje; m^a = He6o.22 CMeTaMe geKa m^uTe mT0 BpmaT Ha ryMH0T0, bo HaBegeHuTe npuKa3Hu ce npucyTHu KaKo 0CTaT0K Ha nocTapuTe mutcku npeTCTaBu 3a He6oTo bo Bug Ha Kpy^eH npocTop (egeH Bug „He6ecK0 ryMHo") no Koj He6ecKuTe Tena ce gBu^aT aHanorHo Ha neTaaeTo Ha ^TU^UTe no He6oTo. Mo^e 0CH0BaH0 ga ce npeTnocTaBu geKa 0Baa ugeHTU^UKa^uja 6una MoTuBupaHa u og ymTe 20 3a npuKa3HuTe: A. KanoaHGB, CTapG6tnrapcKGTG ... , 210; B. HajKaHGBuh, pcthuk ... , 218-220; M. TeoprueBa, BtnrapcKa ... , 116. 21 M. ByguMup, Ca cnoBeHCKor ... , 1-14; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 311-314, 352. 22 fleTanHG 3a GBaa KGH^e^^uja: mu^h Hap. ... T.1, 398-406,440-449; H. Haycuguc, KocMGnomKu ... ; H. Haycu-guc, MuTcKuTe ... . 89 MuTonoruaupaHOTo ryMHo bo cnoBeHCKaTa TpagM^MGHanHa KynTypa - I egeHa peanHa KOMnoHeHTa - nepuoguHHOTo goaraae u 3aMUHyBas>e Ha npecenHUTe nTu^, HenocpegHo noBp3aHo co npoMeHaTa Ha rogumHUTe BpeMuaa. Bo MUTCKaTa cBecT Ha apxauHHuoT HOBeK, oBaa pena^ja go6una Ka3yanuTeT - o6paTeH og peanHuoT, bo Koj nTu^Te cTaHane cy6jeKTu - HocuTenu u reHepaTopu Ha KaneHgapcKUTe npoMeHu u Ha BpeMeHCKUTe ^Knycu.23 2. JluKOBHu MaHUípecma^uu Ha „¿yMHomo co nmu^u" OBoj KOH^nT Haora cBoe MecTo He caMo bo Bep6anHUTe ^opMu Ha mutot, TyKy u bo nuKOBHUTe, co mTo Ha HayKaTa u ce 0B03M0^yBa, npeKy MUTCKUTe cnuKu npeTCTaBeHu Ha pa3Hu eneMeHTu og MaTepujanHaTa KynTypa, oBaa MUTonoreMa ga ja cnegu u bo npegnucMeHUTe ^a3u Ha HOBeKOBaTa ucTopuja. Bo HamuTe nopaHemHu ucTpa^yBaaa u3gBouBMe gBa ochobhu Tuna mutcku cnuKu kou ce ogHecyBaaT Ha oBoj KOH^nT, a npunaraaT Ha pa3Hu enoxu u pa3Hu reorpa^cKu apeanu. Bo hub, 06nuK0T Ha He6oTo e 3acTaneH npeKy gBeTe HeroBu ochobhu npoe^uu: - xopu3OHTanHaTa, bo Bug Ha Kpyr u BepTUKanHaTa, bo Bug Ha nonyKpyr (He6ecKu naK / cBog) (T.I - T.III). KoHCTaTupaBMe geKa bo o6aTa cnynau, guHaMUHHuoT acneKT Ha He6oTo e KogupaH npeKy HU3aTa og ^UBOTHU, npaBunHo pacnopegeHu no pa6oT Ha cnuKaTa, kou bo oggenHu KynTypu u enoxu ce npeTCTaBeHu HU3 pa3Hu, noBeKe unu noManKy onpegneHu BugoBu mu^ (BogHu nTu^, rpa6nuBKu ...) u cyBO3eMHu ^ubothu (nonecTo koh> u eneH). Kaj HeKou og npuMepuTe co Kpy^Ha K0Mn03u^ja (T.I - T.II) e jacHo noTeH^paHa ^opMaTa Ha TpKano (co Ha3HaneH o6pan, ^HTpanHa ocoBUHa u cTpaHUHHu npe^Ku), ho Kaj gpyru -bo Hea He Mo^eBMe ga npeno3HaeMe HUKaKOB peaneH o6jeKT. npu HamuTe goceramHu ucTpa^yBaaa, oBaa K0Mn03u^ja ja onpegenuBMe KaKo „guHaMUHHa 3ooMop^u3upaHa npeTCTaBa Ha He6ecKU0T Kpyr", 6e3 ga ro ugeHTu^uKyBaMe co HeKoe noKOHKpeTHo mut CK o cu^e.24 Ho, bo oBaa npuroga, noTTUKHaTu og HaBegeHUTe npuMepu Ha MUT0n0ru3upaH0T0 ryMHo, npegnaraMe BaKBUTe 3ooMop^u3upaHu Kpy^Hu cnuKu ga ru HapeneMe „He6ecK0 ryMHo". npu Toa, 0Ba „He6ecK0 ryMHo" ro go6uBa KapaKTepoT Ha MaTepujanu3upaH Mogen Ha xopu3OHTanHaTa npoe^uja Ha He6oTo u naHgaH Ha „He6ecKU0T cBog", Koj ro Hocu KapaKTepoT Ha MaTepujaneH Mogen Ha BepTUKanHaTa npoe^uja Ha He6oTo. Bo oBaa cMucna, oco6eHo cTaHyBaaT uHTepecHu npuMepuTe bo kou, no pa6oT Ha KpyroT ce npuKa^aHu MynTunnu^paHu nTu^ unu hubhu npoTOMu, mTo coceM coogBeTCTByBa Ha ryMH0T0 og HaBegeHUTe npuKa3Hu, no Koe Kpy^aT rycKu, cTpaHKu unu naBKu. Ako TprHeMe og npeTnocTaBKaTa (Koja Mo^e ga 6uge BepojaTHa, ho He u curypHa) geKa rope HaBegeHUTe npuKa3Hu, Ha BanKaHOT gocneane co gocenyBaaeTo Ha CnoBeHUTe, AHTUTe, npoTo6yrapuTe u gpyruTe ynecHu^ bo „PoneMaTa npecen6a Ha HapoguTe", 6u Morene ga ce o6ugeMe, oBaa cnuKa ga ja no6apaMe bo apxeonomKUTe ocTaTo^ kou ce noBp3yBaaT co oBoj ucTopucKu npo^c. Cpeg oBoj KOMnneKc npegMeTu oco6eHo ce u3gBojyBaaT 6pojHu TunoBu paHocpegHOBeKOBeH HaKUT (npuBp30^, 6pomeBu, ^u6ynu). Hubhuot Kopnyc e o6nuKyBaH bo Bug Ha Kpyr unu TpKano u gononHeT co 23 H. Haycuguc, MUTCKUTe ... , 275-279; H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 339-354. Co TyKa G6pa6GTeHMGT motub 6u Morena ga ce cTaBu bo pena^Mja MUTonoreMaTa 3a Mne^HuoT naT npeTCTaBeH KaKo „naT Ha ^TM^MTe", eBugeHTupaHa Ha mupoKuoT npocTop og noncKa u CKaHguHaBuja, npeKy Pycuja, MpaH u CpegHa A3uja na cé go Cu6up (ro. E. Bepe3KUH, TeMaTu^ecKaa ... , 58). 24 H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... , 320-354. 90 Hukoc Haycuduc ^urypu Ha ^TM^M unu nTunju npoToMM, anTepHupaHM unu gononHeTM co KpyKHuaa u po3eTM, HajBepojaTHo KaKo gogaTHM 03HanyBaHM Ha He6ecKMTe Tena mTo ^TM^MTe ru cuM6onu3upaaT (T.I; T.II: 1-3). Bo oBaa cMucna, oco6eHo BHMMaHue 3acny»:yBaaT Kpy^HMTe nep^opupaHM ^pMBp30^M og THp. „KoMaHM - KynTypa", kom ce gaTupaaT bo 7-8. BeK, a cnopeg HeKou xunoTe3M 6u Mo»:ene ga mm npunaraaT Ha CnoBeHMTe / ÄHTMTe, kom bo oBoj nepuog ce Hacenune bo MaKegoHuja, An6aHuja u ,^anMa^Mja (T.I: 9, 10, 12-14). AHanorHM ^pMMepo^M ce 3acTaneHM u bo CeBepHoTo npu^H0M0pje u CeBepHuoT KaBKa3 („CanToBo-Maja^a KynTypa") KaKo u bo naHoHcKuoT peruoH, mTo 6u Moreno ga ce noBp3e co noneTHMTe nyHKToBM u MM^pa^M0HMTe HacoKM Ha HocuTenuTe Ha oBoj HaKMT (T.I: 1-5, 8, 11).25 Mctmot koh^ot e 3acTaneH u Ha egeH noTTun og paH0cpegH0BeK0BHMTe gBonnonecTM ^u6ynu (T.III: 3-13) og kom gen HajBepojaTHo mm npunaran Ha cnoBeHcKMTe KynTypu kom bo 6. BeK er3ucTupane bo CeBepHoTo npu^H0M0pje (T.III: 3-8, 10). Bo HamuTe ucTpa:«yBaaa Ha oBue npegMeTM, npuKa^aHaTa cnuKa ja ugeHTM^MKyBaBMe KaKo BepTMKanHa npoe^uja Ha He6ecKM0T cBog Ha Koj nTMHjMTe npoToMM ru npeTcTaByBaaT oggenHMTe ^a3M og gHeBHaTa naTeKa Ha coh^to (T.III: meMM 1, 2). Ho, Mo«e ga ce npeTnocTaBM geKa npuKa^aHaTa „gHeBHa" nonyxpy^Ha KonoHa og ^TM^M, bo npeTcTaBMTe Ha nyreTo npogon^yBana u bo gonHMTe - HeBugnuBM genoBM Ha BceneHaTa (nog3eMHa / H0KHa naTeKa Ha gBM»:eae Ha coh^to), 3aTBopajKM ro geH0H0KHM0T (unu rogumHuoT?) conapeH Kpyr. Bo Toj cnynaj u 3ag oBoj 3ooMop^M3upaH ^MKnyc Ha coh^to, KaKo MaTepujaneH Mogen Moreno ga 3acTaHe ryMHoTo, 6e3 pa3nuKa mTo TyKa poTa^MjaTa He ce ogBMBa bo x0pu30HTanH0T0, TyKy bo BepTMKanHoTo paMHumTe Ha He6oTo. OBge npuKa^aHuoT nMK0BHo-cuM6onuHKM koh^ot ce MaTepujanM3upa bo ymTe egeH cuM6on og conapHo-He6ecKaTa c^epa -cBacTMKaTa, hmm Kpa^M ce MeTaMop^M3upaHM bo ^mbotmhckm npoToMM.26 npuKa^aHaTa MMTcKa cnuKa 6m Mo^ena ga ce npoHajge bo egHo npegaHue og Byrapuja (c. CKana, KapHo6aTcKo) bo Koe ce nojaByBa cKaMeHeTa ^eHa (= Bo»:m^, M3egHaneHa co KocMMHKaTa nnaHMHa T.e. ocKaTa Ha cBeT0T) Koja Ha rnaBaTa hocm pemeTo (= MeTanHo He6o) co KBa^Ka u nuneH^ (= cuM6onu Ha guHaMMKaTa Ha coh^to unu SBe3guTe Ha He6oTo).27 3. MumcKomo ^yMHO u „ÖGMUKHama cnaMa" CMeTaMe geKa bo paMKMTe Ha TyKa o6pa6oTeHaTa MMTonoreMa 3a m^MTe mTo BpmaT Ha ryMHoTo, Tpe6a ga ce BKnynu u egeH o6unaj mTo Kaj Jy^HMTe CnoBeHM ce M3BegyBan 3a npa3HMK0T BagHMK. 3a BpeMe Ha 6agHMK0BaTa Benep, npu BHecyBaaeTo Ha 6o^MKHaTa cnaMa bo KyKaTa u Hej3MH0T0 pac^pnaae no nogoT, g0MaKuH0T unu goMaKMHKaTa Mopane ga KoKogaKaaT, npu mTo ce 6apano u ge^Ta (a HeKage u ocTaHaTMTe nneH0BM Ha ceMejcTBoTo) ga ogaT no hmb m ga ja pac^pnaaT cnaMaTa, K0K0gaKajKu KaKo KoKomKM m ^MBKajKM KaKo nunuaa. Hajnecro ce npenopanyBano, oBaa npo^cuja ga ce ogBMBa bo Bug Ha HeKonKyKpaTHo Kpy^eae oKony goMamHoTo orHumTe unu Tpne3aTa (npocnegeHo u co ^pnaae opeBM Bp3 cnaMaTa). Ce pa36upa geKa noneTHuoT apryMeHT 3a egHo BaKBo noBp3yBaae 6u 6uno cnegH0T0 M3egHanyBaae: 25 H. HaycMguc, HaKMT ... , 51-52; H. Hayouguc, Pena^Mje ... , 57-62; N. Causidis, he Jewellery ... , 58, 59, 66-85; H. HaycMguc, KocMonomKM ... , 351, 352. 26 H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKM ... , 342-344, 352-354. 27 3a npegaHMeTo: A. KanoaHoB, Btn. maMaHcTBo ... , 111, 112. 91 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I - Kpy^Ho gBu»:erae Ha HneHOBMTe og ceMejcTB0T0 no npocTopoT oKony goMamHOTO orHMmTe unu Tpne3aTa, Koj e nocnaH co cnaMa (= Kpy^erae Ha go6uT0K0T oKony cTo^epoT Ha ryMHoTo). - McnymTarae 3By^, aHanorHu Ha oHue Ha mu^Te, unu noKoHKpeTHo - Ha goMamHaTa ^MBMHa (= mu^ BnperHaTu Ha ryMHoTo). OBue camhhoctm Mo^aT ga ce noTKpenaT co ymTe HeKou 6o^mkhm o6uHau (genyMHo BeKe cnoMHaTu), KoH^nupaHu bo o6paTHa HacoKa: - Hocerae Ha 6o^MKHaTa cnaMa Ha ryMHoTo, Hej3uH0 pac^pnarae oKony cTo^epoT; - paHerae Ha KoKomKuTe Ha ryMHoTo; - peanu3a^ja Ha o6pegHo Bpmerae bo Koe ge^Ta (u gpyruTe HneHoBu Ha ceMejcTBoTo) neKopaT unu cKoKaaT oKony cTo^epoT, nogpa^yBajKu ru co cBoeTo gBu^efte u 3By^ goMamHuTe ^ubothu, CaKpanu3upaHoTo ryMHo, gononHeTo co rn^u, Mo^e ga ce ugernu^uKyBa u bo ymTe egeH 6o^uKeH o6unaj. Bo HeKou cpncKu peruoHu, oKony 6o^uKHaTa cnaMa ce npaBen Kpyr og ja^e, KopucTeHo 3a Bpmerae („Kpyr BpmaHor KoHon^"), bo Hero ce BoBegyBana ^uBuHaTa og Taa KyKa u TyKa ce paHena. noToa, bo oBoj Kpyr Mopan ga ce ^aTu neTen Koj noToa puTyanHo ce Konen (HepeTKo Hag ^uthu 3pHa) u og Hero ce nogroTByBano npa3Hu^H0T0 jagerae.28 KapaKTepoT u u3BopHuTe TonKyBaraa Ha oBue nocTanKu jacHo ja noKa»yBaaT HuBHaTa MoTuBa^ja u ^n - Ha n0HeT0K0T og HoBaTa KaneHgapcKa roguHa ga ce cuMynupa co6uparaeTo Ha ^eTBaTa, ogHocHo cTonaHcKaTa KynMuHa^ja Ha npeTcTojHaTa roguHa. Bo paMKuTe Ha oBoj goMuHaHTeH MarucKo-penurucKu koh^ot, noBeKe ucTpa^yBanu a^eHTupaaT u gpyru acneKTu, KaKo mTo e: - u3egHanyBarae Ha 6o^uKHaTa cnaMa co noceBuTe; - Maruja Ha „nocnegHuoT ^uTeH cHon"; - npucycTBo Ha ^uthuot geM0H bo KyKaTa, Koj cnopeg HeKou npeTnocTaBKu e 3acTaneH npeKy 6o^uKHaTa KoKomKa.29 CMeTaMe geKa oBue, coceM BepojaTHu TonKyBaraa Mo^aT ga ce gononHaT co ymTe egeH KoH^nT: He Tpe6a noce6Ho ga ce ucTaKHyBa eBugeHTHuoT KaneHgapcKu KapaKTep Ha 6o^uKHuTe npa3Hu^ u HuBHaTa HenocpegHa BpcKa co conapHuoT ^Knyc, BugnuB u cornegnuB npeKy He6oTo. Bo npeTxogHuTe rnaBu yKa^aBMe Ha TaKBoTo cuM6onu^Ho 3Hanerae Ha ryMHoTo u oco6eHo - Ha mutckoto ryMHo bo Koe, Ha MecToTo Ha go6uT0K0T Kpy^aT nTu^. 3eMajKu ru npegBug oBue cornegyBaraa, Mo^eMe ga npegno^uMe ymTe egHo TonKyBarae Ha 06pegH0T0 nocTunarae Ha 6o^uKHaTa cnaMa oKony goMamHoTo orHumTe. Cnopeg Hero, oBaa nocTanKa uMana 3a ^n ga ro npeHece bo KyKaTa caKpanHuoT acneKT Ha ryMHoTo, npu mTo Kpy«H0T0 gBu^erae Ha cTaHapuTe no cnaMaTa, nocTaBeHa oKony orHumTeTo (npocnegeHo co hubho KoKogaKarae u ^BKarae), Tpe6ano 0Ba „ryMHo" ga ro npeKogupa bo mutcko T.e. „He6ecK0 ryMHo", bo Koe (aHanorHo KaKo bo HaBegeHuTe MuTonoru3upaHu npuKa3Hu u mutcku cnuKu) Kpy^aT nTu^, bo ynora Ha cuM6onu Ha guHaMu^KuTe u ^Knu^HuTe acneKTu Ha He6oTo. McraTa cnuKa ja ogpa3yBa u 6o^uKHaTa cnaMa, orpageHa co Kpyr og ja^e HaMeHeTo 3a Bpmerae, bo Koj o6pegHo ce paHena ^uBuHaTa. 28 CpncKM mht. pe^HMK ... , 46, 47, 50 - 52; R. Kajmakovic, Arhaicni ... , 222-225; M. Bocuh, Bo^uhHu ... , 91101. 29 CpncKu mut. pe^HuK ... , 46, 47, 50 - 52. 92 Hukoc Haycuduc V. ryMHOTO m „KyMOBaTa" / „nonoBaTa cnaMa" M3HeceHuTe Te3u u 3aKnyH0^u ynaTyBaaT Ha npeTnocTaBKaTa 3a BKnyneHocra Ha oBue MuTonoreMu bo cnoBeHcKuTe Ha3uBu Ha HeKou cosBe3guja u npegaHujaTa mTO hub ru o6jacHyBaaT, TyKa MucnuMe Ha „Mne^HuoT naT", Koj bo roneM gen og cnoBeHcKaTa eKyMeHa ce HapeKyBa „KyMoBa cnaMa" unu „nonoBa cnaMa". Bo ^onKnopHuTe TonKyBafta Ha oBoj Ha3uB, 3a6ene^eHu bo 19. u 20. BeK, goMuHupa npuKa3HaTa 3a Toa KaKo KyMoT Kpagen cnaMa unu ^uto og cbojot KyMamuH. npu Toa, nopagu gynKaTa bo HeroBuoT Kom unu BpeKa, cnaMaTa ce pacTypana no naToT no Koj Toj ce gBu^en, co mTo jacHo ro noKa^ana ^uBeanumTeTo Ha Kpage^T (uMa BapujaHTu bo kou KyMoT e 3aMeHeT co non unu co HeKoj cBeTe^). Bp3 ocHoBa Ha aHanoruu, mupoKo pacnpocTpaHeTu Ha BnucKuoT Mctok ce npeTnocTaByBa geKa oBa npegaHue oTTaMy gocneano bo cnoBeHcKuoT cBeT.30 Cu^eTo Ha oBaa npuKa3Ha uMa jacHu MopanHu uM^nuKa^uu, HaconeHu koh nuKoBuTe (KyM, non, cBeTe^) kou bo ogHoc Ha oBoj acneKT Tpe6a ga 6ugaT napagurMa 3a ^naTa 3egHu^. BaKBuoT KapaKTep He HaBegyBa Ha noMucnaTa geKa cTaHyBa 36op 3a BTop ceMuoTu^Ku nnacT Ha Koj Mo^ena ga My npeTxogu u nocTapa MuTcKo-KocMonomKa ^a3a, bo Koja ucTuTe eneMeHTu uMane gpyra ^n - ga ja KogupaaT ^opMaTa u guHaMuKaTa Ha He6oTo. npegnaraMe xunoTe3a cnopeg Koja apxau^HuoT noBeK, cnegejKu ro gBu^e^eTo Ha cosBe3gujaTa u 3aoKpy*yBajKu ru oBue cornegyBafta Bp3 6a3a Ha ugeanHu Mogenu, Mo^en ga cornega geKa gonraTa Tpaca Ha „Mne^HuoT naT" Koja 3aora 3ag xopu3oHToT, BcymHocT ^opMupa npcTeH oKony 3eMjaTa.31 OBa cornegyBafte, bo pena^uja co HaBegeHuTe npeTcTaBu 3a SBe3geHoTo He6o mTo poTupa oKony nonapHaTa SBe3ga, Moreno ga npegu3BuKa aco^uja^uu 3a Hero KaKo ryMHo, npu mTo SBe3guTe og „Mne^HuoT naT" ro go6une 3HaqefteTo Ha ^uTHuTe cHonoBu, 3pHoTo u cnaMaTa mTo ce pac^pneHu hu3 Hero. Bo oBaa nopaHa ^a3a, nuKoBuTe og HaBegeHuTe npuKa3Hu (KyMoT, nonoT u cBe^uTe) Mo^ene ga ro HocaT KapaKTepoT Ha mutcku nuKoBu u 6o^ecTBa bo ynora Ha KpeaTopu u co^cTBeHu^u Ha oBa „He6ecKo ryMHo" u paKoBoguTenu Ha HeroBaTa ocHoBHa ^yH^uja (Bpmug6aTa, u3egHaneHa co Kpy^HaTa guHaMuKa Ha He6oTo). ^0TeH^ujanHu Tparu bo npunor Ha oBaa xunoTe3a Mo^aT ga ce HajgaT bo oHue BapujaHTu Ha HaBegeHuoT Tun npuKa3Hu, Kage Kpa^6aTa u ocTaHaTuTe gejcTBuja ce ogBuBaaT Ha ryMHo. Bo MaKegoHcKuTe npegaHuja, „Mne^HuoT naT" (ocBeH KaKo „KyMoBa" u „nonoBa cnaMa") ce HapeKyBa u „Kyn og 3pHa" u „Ky6aHa cnaMa". nocTojaT HapogHu TonKyBafta cnopeg kou nocnegHuoT Ha3uB o3HanyBa BpmeHa cnaMa, a ce onpaBgyBa co ^aKToT geKa „Mne^HuoT naT" ce rnega „cpeg He6o" bo neTHuoT nepuog - Kora ce Bpmu ^utoto.32 30 T. P. ^op^eBMh, npupoga ... , 57-59; CpncKu mmt. pe^HMK ... , 50 - 52; ro. E. Bepe3KMH, TeMaTM^ecKaa ... , 58, 59. M bo 6enopycKMTe npuKa3Hu 3a MeTanHoTo ryMHo (CKa3Ku Hap. Mupa ... , „noKaTMropomeK"), nuKoBuTe ocTaBaaT Tpar Ha naToT, TaKa mTo gogeKa ce gBM^aT, ^pnaaT cnaMKu (Bugu HaTaMy). 31 Bo MeconoTaMcKMTe KynTypu, 3ogujaKoT (a Mo®e6u M3BopHo ToKMy Mne^HuoT naT) ce HapeKyBan „repgaH Ha MmTap" (A. Baring, J. Cashford, he Myth ... , 199, 200; M. C. KpaMep, Mu^onorua ... , 134). 32 f. ^HeB, He6oTo ... , 71-73; T. P. "^opijeBuh, npupoga ... , 57-59. Bo Toj KoHTeKcT u cnoMHaTaTa MuTonoreMa 3a Mne^HuoT naT KaKo „naT Ha ^TM^MTe" (ro. E. Bepe3KuH, TeMaTu^ecKaa ... , 58), He 6u Mopan ga ce pa36epe caMo KaKo paMHa TpaeKTopuja (npecen6a bo ^paBe^0T ceBep - jyr), TyKy eBeHTyanHo u KaKo hubho Kpy^Ho gBu^e&e oKony 3eMjaTa. 93 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo enoBeHeKaTa TpagM^MOHanHa KynTypa - I VI. ryMHOTO M CaMOBMHMTe Bo gBe og rope HaBegeHMTe npuKa3HM, ryMHOTO Ha Koe nTM^Te BpmaT CMun e noBp3aHo co caMoBunuTe. Bo npBaTa, Bpme^eTo ce M3BegyBa no Hapeg6a Ha caMoBunuTe, gogeKa bo BTopaTa - oBaa BpcKa e o3HaneHa co noKa^jaTa Ha TaKBoTo ryMHo bo „caMoBuncKoTo ceno". OBaa pena^ja ce 6a3Mpa Bp3 HenocpegHaTa BpcKa Mery caMoBunuTe m ryMHoTo, Koja Mo»e ga ce noTKpenu co 6pojHM npuMepu kom npunaraaT Ha MMTonoreMaTa „caMoBuncKo ryMHo".33 1. „Cmmobujicko ^yMHo" OBaa MMTonoreMa e MomHe 3acTaneHa bo jy^HocnoBeHCKMTe ^onKnopHM TpagM^MM m Toa bo Bug Ha npegaHuja, necTo Bp3aHM m 3a MCToMMeHM totohmmm, bo kom ogpegeHu eneMeHTM og nejca^oT ce noBp3yBane co HeKaKBu aKTMBHocTM Ha caMoBunuTe. CraHyBa 36op 3a npupogHu unu apTM^u^enHu o6jeKTu kom ce HajnecTo o6nuKyBaHM bo Bug Ha Kpy^Hu ^opMa^u (nnaToa, nonjaHM, nomyMeHu 3ohm ...). Cnopeg HamuTe cornegyBaK>a, HajpacnpocTpaHeTu ce bo cpncKo-xpBaTCKuoT ja3MHKM apean (^HTpanHuoT gen Ha HeKoramHa JyrocnaBMja) bo ^opMaTa „Bmhmho ryMHo".34 npuno^yBaMe HeKonKy TaKBu npuMepu: - Cnac, png Kaj EygBa (^Ha ropa). EgeH og HajnonynapHMTe u bo HayKaTa Haj^uTupaHu TaKBu npuMepu, Kage 3a CnacoBgeH ce co6upane MnaguTe u neene necHM bo kom ce cnoMHyBane caMoBunu. Bo 36upKUTe Ha ByK Kapa^h e HaBegeHa egHa ^eHCKa CBag6eHa necHa, bo Koja ce cnoMHyBaaT u gpyru eneMeHTu mTo ja noTBpgyBaaT npunagHocTa Ha oBue Tpagu^u koh TyKa MCTpa:«yBaHMoT mmtckm KoMnneKC. CTaHyBa 36op 3a „cpe6peHo ryMHo" Koe ce Haora Ha „MegHo none" u motmbot Ha 3naTHoTo ja6onKo Koe oTCKoKHyBa og Hero u ja pa36uBa nopTaTa Ha rpagoT BygBa (Bugu HaTaMy).35 - nnaHMHCKM MacuB OpjeH, 6nM3y Xep^r - Hobm (^Ha ropa). 3apaMHeTo Bo3BumeHue co enuncecTa ^opMa, Kaj pugoT Cy6pa. Cnopeg noKanHoTo npegHue, bo TeKoT Ha HoKTa, og 6nu^HaTa nemTepa (BunuHa nehuHa) goneTyBane caMoBunu u TyKa urpane opo.36 - nemTepa BeTpeH^a, 3anageH pa6 Ha nonoBo no»e, onrnTUHa PaBHo (BocHa u Xep^roBMHa). Ha3MBoT ce ogHecyBa Ha gecHuoT KpaK Ha nemTepaTa, ogganeneH 80 MeTpu og Bne3oT. Bo nemTepaTa ce eBugeHTupaHu pa3Hu ^opMu Ha KynT (BepyBa^a m npeTCKa^yBafta Bp3 ocHoBa Ha 3By^ mTo ce cnymaaT bo nemTepaTa).37 - nnaHMHa Bmokobo (XpBaTCKa). TonoHMM no^paH Hag HeKoja HenpucTanHa Kapna („Stena pod vilino gumno").38 33 D^BeÉeTo CMun (®onTo no 6oja) 6m Moreno ga ce MgeHTM^MKyBa m bo gpyru MMTonomKM necHM Kage ce jaByBa „®onTo ^BeKe caMoBMncKo" (npMMep: fl., K. MMnagMHOB^M, 36opHMK ... , 17 / 6p. 6). 34 T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTM^a ... , 76, 94, 110-119; CpncKM mmt. pe^HMK ... , 100. no3HaT hm e egeH npMMep (npMKa3Ha) og EB6ea (I^Mja), 3a6ene®eH bo 19. BeK og CTpaHa Ha J. G. Hahn, bo Koj HaMecTo caMoBMnaTa ce nojaByBa Hepeuga, Koja ru ocTaBa CBoMTe Kpunja Ha ryMHoTo Ha Koe TaH^yBana. 35 CpncKM mmt. pe^HMK ... , 100; B. C. Kapauuh, CpncKe ... , 35, 36 (6p. 68). 36 Ž. Starčevic, D. Verigo, Vodič ... , (Vilino guvno). 37 Vetrenica - virtuelni ... , (Vilino gumno). 38 Plezanje.net ... , (Stena Pod vilino gumno). 94 Hukoc Haycuduc - nnaHMHa Tpe6aBa, Mery flo6oj m Mogpnqa (BocHa u Xep^roBuHa). nog nnaHuHaTa nocroeno MecTo HapeneHo „ryBHo", Ha Koe ce BepyBano geKa TaH^yBaaT CaMOBMHH.39 2. „Ca.MOBU.ncKO opo" Bo ucTpa:yBaK>eTo Ha MuTonoreMaTa „caMoBuncKo ryMHo", nocpegHo Mo:e ga ce BKnynu u caMOBMncKOTO opo („Bmrmho koro", „bnme koro", „Mamhcko xopo") - ymre egeH motmb Koj bo ogHoc Ha mmtckoto ryMHo noKa:yBa pena^MM Ha HeKonKy HMBoa. Bo npegaHujaTa noBp3aHM co TonoHMMMTe „BunuHo ryMHo" ce Benu geKa Ha Tue noKa^MM caMoBunuTe urpane opo. Bo cpncKo-xpBaTcKuTe roBopu, neKceMaTa koro He o3HanyBa caMo opo, TyKy u TpKano u Kpyr bo HajonmTaTa cMucna Ha 36opoT. OTTyKa u „BunuHo Kono", HeKoram Mo:eno ga 3Hanu caMo „caMoBuncKu Kpyr", Ha Koj 6u ce ogHecyBano u caMoBuncKoTo ryMHo. Bo TpagM^MOHanHaTa jy:HocnoBeHcKa KynTypa, oBaa MuTonoreMa e HajnecTo MaHu^ecTupaHa npeKy noconeHuTe TonoHuMu, 3a kou o6uhho ce Bp3yBa npegaHue T.e. BepyBafte geKa Ha Toa MecTo caMoBunuTe urpane opo. Totohumot rnaBHo ce noBp3yBa co HeKaKBu pacTeHuja mTo ce opraHu3upaHu bo Kpyr, nonyKpyr unu npcTeH (co npe^HuK og oKony 20 m.), Koj ce u3gBojyBa T.e. pa3nuKyBa og oKonHaTa Be^eTa^Mja (Ha npuMep, TpeBa Koja e no3aKp:naBeHa, no6yjHa unu co gpyra 6oja; Kpyr unu npcTeH og nenypKu). OBa oco6eHo ce ogHecyBa Ha TaKBuTe ^opMa^MM, goKonKy ce Tue no^MpaHM Ha BpB Ha HeKoj pug, Ha nuBaga cpeg myMa unu noKpaj HeKoj u3Bop. noHeKoram, bo ^HTapoT Ha TaKBuoT Kpyr ce Haora HeKaKBo Bo3BumeHue, Koe ce TonKyBano KaKo MecTo 3a rajga^jaTa unu HeKoj gpyr My3unap, og Kage Toj um cBupen Ha caMoBunuTe. BenaTa neHa unu nuraBaTa MaTepuja co 6oja Ha 'pra, Koja Ke ce Hamna Ha „caMoBucnKoTo opo", ce TonKyBana KaKo nnyHKa unu noBpaKaHu^ Ha caMoBunuTe. Ce BepyBano geKa Hara3HyBaK>eTo Ha oBoj Kpyr (HeKoram HeBugnuB), Mo:e ga npegu3BuKa 6onecT u cMpT.40 Bo egHo npegaHue og ropcKa KpajuHa ce roBopu 3a gBe cHau - BemTepKu kou KaneHu Ha „BpaTuno" (KpocHo T.e. BpeTeHecT gen og pa36ojoT) goneTyBaaT Ha HeKaKBo „6aKapHo ryMHo" Ha Koe goaraaT Mnagu u y6aBu :eHu, jaBHaTu Ha 3naTHu kok>u, Kage TaH^yBaaT u neaT. Bp3 ocHoBa Ha u3rnegoT Ha oBue :eHu, Mo:e ga ce npeTnocTaBu geKa ce pa6oTu 3a caMoBunu.41 CaMoBuncKoTo opo noKa:yBa pena^MM co ymTe egeH npupogeH ^eHoMeH. CTaHyBa 36op 3a BeTepoT Koj bo jy:HocnoBeHcKuTe TpagM^MM, Ha pa3Hu HanuHu ce noBp3yBan co caMoBunuTe. Ce BepyBano geKa Tue ro co3gaBaaT BeTepoT, ynpaByBaaT co Hero u gypu ce u3egHaqeHu co Hero. OBa oco6eHo ce ogHecyBa Ha BMopoT, Koj co cBoeTo Kpy:Ho gBu:eK>e ceKaKo uHTep^epupa co ryMHoTo u co opoTo Ha caMoBunuTe. Bo noBeKe cena bo P. MaKegoHuja ce BepyBano geKa caMoBunuTe ro co3gaBaaT u BpTaT BuopoT, a HeKage u caMuoT Buop ce uMeHyBan no uMeTo Ha HeKoja caMoBuna („caMoBunu", „Jyga caMoBuna", „fypra caMoBuna", „jygumna" ...). Bo ceno BoroMuna gypu 39 M. C. OununoBuh, BaKapHo ... , 23. 40 T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTu^ ... , 110-114. CpncKu mut. pe^HuK ... , 100; A. KanoaHoB, Btn. maMaHcTBo ... , 156163. Bo MaKegoHcKuTe u 6yrapcKuTe npegHuja, cnu^Hu o6jeKTu ce uMeHyBane KaKo „caMoBuncKa Tpne3a" (T. Bpa:uHoBcKu, Pe^HuK ... , 354, 355). Cnopeg HeKou BepyBa&a, bo Cnen^e (KpymeBo, P. MaKegoHuja) u BemTepKuTe noBpaKaaT oKony KyKuTe, gBopoBuTe u ryMHaTa (T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTu^ ... , 6). 41 T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTM^a ... , 30, 31. 95 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I ce BepyBano geKa „Kora BeTepoT ce Bue, caMoBunuTe urpaaT". HaBegeHuoT eneMeHT ja cTaBa oBaa MuTonoreMa bo HenocpegeHa BpcKa co npeTxogHo npuKa^aHMTe Tpagu^u 3a „caMOBuncKOTo opo", a nocpegHo u 3a „caMOBuncKOTo ryMHo". Bo npunor Ha Toa ogaT u nocnegu^Te og BneryBaaeTo Ha HOBeK bo BuopoT, Koe goBegyBa go pa3Hu ^opMu Ha HepBHo nopeTeMeTyBaae (Haj^ecro nyguno), mTo e 6nucKo unu aHanorHo co nocnegu^Te og urpaaeTo opo co caMoBunuTe, unu 3ra3HyBaK>eTo Ha „caMOBucKOTo opo". Bo egHo npegaHue T.e. npuKa3Ha og Xep^roBuHa, caMoBunuTe (Mo^eöu ugeHTu^uKyBaHu co BuopoT?), rpaÖHyBaaT geTe og ryMHoTo, 3a noToa TaMy noBTopHo ga ro BpaTaT. HaBegeHuTe BpcKu ro onpaBgyBaaT npucycTBoTo Ha TonoHuMoT „BunuHo ryMHo" KaKo Ha3uB Ha egHuoT KpaK Ha norope HaBegeHaTa nemTepa „BeTpeHu^" bo BocHa u Xep^roBuHa, oco6eHo aKo ce 3eMaT npegBug BepyBaaaTa (3a6ene^eHu Mery gpyroTo u bo oBaa 3eMja), cnopeg kou BeTpoBuTe ce co3gaBaaT bo nemTepuTe. 42 KopMCTeHa HMTepaTypa A. A^aHacbeB, ^o^TMHecKMe ... I, II, III: A. A^aHacbeB, n^TunecKue BO33peHua cnaBHH^ Ha npupogy, MocKBa, 1865 - 1869. S. Anamali, Nje varreze ... : S. Anamali, Nje varreze e mesjetes se hershme ne Bukel te Mir- dites, Iliria, I, Tirane, 1971. S. Anamali, H. Spahiu, Varreza ... : S. Anamali, H. Spahiu, Varreza arberore e Krujes, Iliria, IX - X, Tirane, 1979 - 80, 47 - 103. Arch. Denkmale ... : Archaologische Denkmale und Funde, Berlin, 1979. r. E. ApemflH, WHgoeBponencKuß ... : r. E. ApemaH, WHgoeBponencKuß cro^eT b Mu^onoruu HaceneHua Me^gypenbH Kypbi u ApaKca II TbicflHuneTua go h^., BecTHuK gpeBHeß ucTopuu, 1988/4, MocKBa, 84 - 102. A. Baring, J. Cashford, he Myth ... : A. Baring, J. Cashford, he Myth of the Goddess, Penguin Books, 1993. ro. E. Bepe3KuH, TeMaTunecKaa ... : ro. E. Bepe3KuH, TeMaTunecKaa Knaccu^uKa^a u pacnpegeneHue ^onbKnopHo - Mu^onorunecKux motubob no apeanaM, , (15 April 2007) M. Bocuh, Bo^uhHu ... : M. Bocuh, Bo^uhHu o6uHaju Cp6a y BojBoguHu, Beorpag -Hobu Cag, 1985. M. ByguMup, Ca cnoBeHcKor ... : M. ByguMup, Ca cnoBeHcKor OnuMna, 36opHuK ^uno3o^cKor ^aKynTeTa y Beorpagy, IV - 1, Beorpag, 1956, 1 - 56. f. ^HeB, He6oTo ... : f. ^HeB, He6oTo Hag MaKegoHuja, CKonje, 2004. B. HajKaHOBuh, Pe^HuK ... : B. HajKaHOBuh, Pe^HuK cpncKux HapogHux BepoBaaa o 6u^KaMa (paKonuc, npupegeH u gononHeT og B. 'Bypuh), Beorpag, 1985. H. Haycuguc, MHTepguc^nnuHapHo ... : H. Haycuguc, Apxeonoruja - nuKoBHa ceMuoTuKa - ncuxonoruja (MHTepgu^unnuHapHo cornegyBaae Ha ^eHOMeHOT „npeMecryBaae Ha nu6ugoTo"), // HayneH co6up 30 roguHu WHcTuTyr 3a ncuxonoruja, CKonje, 2005, 133 - 156. 42 f. D^eHeB, He6oTo ... , 153-159; T. P. ^op^eBuh, npupoga ... , 66; CpncKu mut. pe^HuK ... , 91; CnaBaHcKue gpeBHocTu ... 1, 357-361, 379-382; T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTM^a ... , 94. MomHe ce a^eHTupaHu u BpcKuTe Mery BeTepoT / BuopoT u MuTcKuTe SMejoBu, 3a mTo Ke roBopuMe nogony. 96 Hukoc Haycuduc H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu ... : H. Haycuguc, KocMonomKu cnuKu (cuM6onu3a^uja u MUTono^u3a^uja Ha kocmocot bo hmkobhmot MeguyM), CKonje, 2005. H. Haycuguc, MuTcKuTe ... : H. Haycuguc, MuTcKuTe cnuKu Ha Jy^HuTe CnoBeHu, CKonje, 1994. H. Haycuguc, HaKuT ... : H. Haycuguc, HaKuT "KoMaHu" - KynType, aeroBa uKoHorpa^uja, cuM6onuKa u o6pegHo - MarucKu KapaKTep, DiacHuK ogjeaeaa yMjeTHocTu (^HoropcKa aKageMuja HayKa u yMjeTHocTu), 11, nogropu^, 1992, 41 - 107. H. Haycuguc, 06pegoT ... : H. Haycuguc, 06pegoT KaKo TpaHCMucuja Mery nonoBuTe HaroHu u pa6oTaTa, Mu^, 12, Co^ua, 2006. H. Haycuguc, Pena^uje ... : H. Haycuguc, Pena^uje u3Mefyy "KoMaHu" - KynType u "CanToBo Majale" KynType u npo6neM nopeKna auxoBux Hocuna^, // CTaHoBHumTBo cnoBeHcKor nopujeKna y An6aHuju, TuTorpag, 1991, 57 - 67. H. Haycuguc, CnoBeHcKuTe ... : H. Haycuguc, CnoBeHcKuTe naHTeoHu bo hukobhuot MeguyM: CBapor, Studia mythologica Slavica, Ljubljana, 1, 1998, 75 - 92. H. Haycuguc, CTo^epoT ... : H. Haycuguc, CTo^epoT u HeroBuTe 3Haneaa, CTo^ep, 3, CKonje, 1996, 14 - 15. N. Čausidis, he Jewellery ... : H. Haycuguc, HaKuToT Ha „KoMaHu" KynTypaTa / N. Čausi-dis, he Jewellery of the "Komani" culture, MaKegoHcKo HacnegcTBo / Macedonian Heritage, 7, Skopje, 1998, 54 - 85. T. P. ^op^eBuh, npupoga ... : T. P. ^op^eBuh, npupoga y BepoBaay u npegaay Hamer Hapoga, Ka. I, Beorpag, 1958. T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTu^ ... : T. P. ^op^eBuh, BemTu^ u Buna y HameM HapogHoM BepoBaay u npegaay, Beorpag, 1989. M. ^acMep, ^TUMono^uHecKUH ... : M. ^acMep, ^TUMono^uHecKUM cnoBapb pyccKoro H3HKa, MocKBa, 1967. M. C. ^ununoBuh, BaKapHo ... : M. C. ^ununoBufr, BaKapHo unu MjegHo ryMHo, Etnološki pregled, I, Beograd, 1959, 19 - 33. M. O. TaBprnyxMH, A. M. 06noMcKu, TanoHoBcKuö ... : M. O. TaBpmyxuH, A. M. 06noMcKu, ranoHoBcKuö Knag u ero KynbTypHo - ucropunecKuM KoHTeKcT, MocKBa, 1996. n. r. raögyKoB, CnaBHHcKuö ... : n. r. TaögyKoB, CnaBaHcKuö KOHe^ cpegHeBeKoBoro HoBropoga (HyTHbiö pacKon), MocKBa, 1992. M. reoprueBa, BbnrapcKa ... : M. reoprueBa, BbnrapcKa HapogHa MuTonorua, Co^ua, 1983. A. Godar, Umetnost ... : A. Godar, Umetnost Irana, Beograd, 1965. C. B. MBaHoB, MaTepuanbi ... : C. B. MBaHoB, MaTepuanbi no u3o6pa3uTenbHoMy ucKyccTBy HapogoB Cu6upu (XIX - Hanano XX b.), MocKBa - ^eHuHrpag, 1954. Jahresbericht ... : Jahresbericht des Römisch - Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Forschungsinstitut für Vor - und Frühgeschihte, Jahrbuch des Römisch - Germanischen Zentralmuseums 32, Mainz, 1985, 677 - 745. R. Kajmakovic, Arhaični ... : R. Kajmakovic, Arhaični novogodišnji običaji Dinarskog sta-novništva, Godišnjak - Centar za balkanološka istraživanja, X - knj. 8, Sarajevo, 1973, 213 - 249. A. KanoaHoB, Bbn. maMaHcTBo ... : A. KanoHaHoB, BbnrapcKoTo maMaHcTBo, Co^ua, 1995. A. KanoaHoB, Grapo6bnrapcKoTo ... : A. KanoaHoB, Crapo6bnrapcKoTo e3unecTBo (Mut, penurua u ^onKnop b KapTuHaTa 3a cBaT y 6bnrapuTe), BenuKo TbpHoBo, 2000. 97 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I B. C. Kapa^fr, CpncKe ... : B. C. Kapa^fr, CpncKe HapogHe njecMe, T.1, Ben, 1841. R. Katičic, Hoditi ... : R. 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Mrkobrad, Arheološki ... : D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki nalazi seobe naroda u Jugoslaviji, Beograd, 1980. H. Parzinger, Inandiktepe ... : H. Parzinger, Inandiktepe - Este - Pozo Moro (Bemerkungen zur frühen Bilderzahlung), Bereicht der Römisch - Germanischen Kommission, Mainz am Rhein, 72, 1991, 5 - 44. S. Pescheck, Das frankische ... : S. Pescheck, Das frankische Reihengraberfeld von Kleinlangheim, Lkr. Kitzingen / Nodrbayern, Mainz am Rhein. Plezanje.net ... : Plezanje net. , (30 April) F. Prendi, Nje varreze ... : F. Prendi, Nje varreze e kultures arberore ne Lezhe, Iliria, IX - X, Tirane, 1979 - 80, 123 - 170. Lj. Risteski, he Orgiastic ... : Lj. Risteski, he Orgiastic Elements in the Rituals Connected With the Cult of the Moon Among the Balkan Slavs, Studia mythologica slavica, 5, Ljubljana, 2002, 113 - 129. A. n. PyHMH, CKanbHbie ... : A. n. PyHMH, CKanbHbie 3axopoHeHua B oKpecHocmx KucnoBogcKa, CoBeTcKaa apxeonorua, 1971 / 2, MocKBa. B. A. Pbi6aKoB, #3. gp. CnaBHH ... : B. A. Pbi6aKoB, #3braecTBo gpeBHux CnaBHH, MocKBa, 1981. E. C. CeMeKa, AHTponoMop^Hbie ... : E. C. CeMeKa, AHTponoMop^Hbie u 3ooMop^Hbie cuMBonb B neTupex- u BoceMHneHHbix Mogenax Mupa, Tpygbi no 3HaKoBbiM cucTeMaM, V, TapTy, 1971, 92 - 119. CKa3Ku Hap. Mupa ... : CKa3Ku HapogoB Mupa / BenopyccKue HapogHb e cKa3Ku, noKaTuropomeK, < http://e-skazki.narod.ru/skazki/narodny/belarus/by-003.html>, (30 April 2007) P. Skok, Etimologijski ... : P. Skok, Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika, Zagreb, 1974. CnaBHHcKue gpeBHocTM ... 1, 2: CnaBHHcKue gpeBHocTM ^THonoHrBucTMHecKUM cnoBapb), MocKBa, Tom 1: 1995; Tom 2: 1999. H. Spahiu, Gjetje ... : H. Spahiu, Gjetje te vjetra nga varreza mesjetare e kalase se Dalmaces, Iliria, I, Tirane, 1971, 227 - 262. 98 Hukoc Haycuduc H. Spahiu, Varreza ... : H. Spahiu, Varreza arberore e Kalase se Dalmaces, Iliria, IX - X, Tirane, 1979 - 80, CpncKM mut. pe^HMK ... : CpncKM MMTonomKM peHHMK, Beorpag, 1998. Ž. Starčevic, D. Verigo, Vodič ... : Ž. Starčevic, D. Verigo, Vodič kroz masiv Orjena, , (30 April 2007) CrenM EBpa3MM ... : Crenu EBpa3MM b ^^oxy cpegHeBeKOBm, MocKBa, 1981. M. BeHeguKOB, MegHOTO ... : M. BeHeguKOB, MegHOTO ryMHO Ha npa-6^nrapuTe, co^ua, 1983. Vetrenica - virtuelni ... : Vetrenica - virtuelni pogled u dusu zemlje, , (30 April 2007) T. Bpa^MHOBCKu, PeHHMK ... : T. Bpa^MHOBCKu, PeHHMK Ha HapogHaTa MUTonomja Ha MaKegoH^UTe, CKonje, 2000. J. Werner, Slawischen ... : J. Werner, Slawischen Bügelfibeln des 7. Jahrhunderts, // Reinecke - Festschrift, Mainz, 1950, 150 - 172. Zakladi tisočletij ... : Zakladi tisočletij, Ljubljana, 1999. 99 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0TO ryMHO bo cnoBeHcKaTa TpagM^M0HanHa KynTypa - I he Mythologized hreshing Floor in Slavic Traditional Culture - I Nikos Chausidis he text is dedicated to the semiotic and mythological aspects of the threshing floor in the Slavic culture, starting with the mediaeval and continuing till the contemporary folklore traditions. In the beginning, throughout the real form of the threshing fl oor, its functions and dynamical aspects (the circular movement of the animals), accent is given to the cosmological symbolic of this object i.e. its identifi cation with the space and especially the sky interpreted as a circular object rotating around its axle (the hinge of the threshing floor identified as an axis mundi). hus a suggestion/thesis is proposed according to which in the archaic stages, differentiation between the utilitarian and mytho-ritual functions of the threshing fl oor was not made. In order to verify these theories a brief outlook is given concerning the role of the threshing floor in the Slavic ritual and magical complex, and in this framework the attitudes concerning the hinge are also elaborated. In this context some examples are given (Slavic riddles , superstitions, terms and traditions connected with the stars, comparative material) which explicitly speak of identification made between the threshing floor and the sky. In the following text a mythic story concerning "he Birds hreshing Immortelle on the hrashing Floor", represented in several stories from Macedonia and Bulgaria, is elaborated. he celestial character of this motif is argumented/verifi ed through: the explicit and implicit meanings gathered in the stories themselves; the flower immortelle ("smil") as a symbol of the celestial, heavenly and divine, in relation to "Smiljana Mountain" ("Smiljana Planina") equivalent to the "Slavic Olympus"; the presence of the birds as zoomorphic determinants of the upper cosmic / celestial zones, i.e. the sky. In the foreword, mediaeval archaeological objects are represented in which pictorial manifestations of this myth are identified. hese include amulets, fibulae and other jewellery, mostly mediaeval, from the territory of the Central Balkans, North Caucasus and North Black Sea, representing iron link, wheel or semicircle on whose edge figures or bird's protomes are applicated (T. I-T.II). he motif of the threshing floor throughout which birds are circulating is also searched in the Slavic ritual practice, concentrated around the Christmas holidays. his refers to the ritual in which the family members are realizing a movement around the hearth or the dining table in the house whose floor is covered with straw, quacking and pecking and thus imitating hens and chicks. Concerning this particular holiday, analogous behaviours are performed on the threshing floor itself. "he Christmas Straw" was a reason for us to search for the threshing floor in the terms and legends concerning "he Milky Way", which the Slavs refer to as "Godfather's" i.e. "Priest's Straw". his is also evident in some other Slavic terms concerning stars and constellations, especially "he Polar Star" - also named "Hinge/Axle" and the constellations "Andromeda" and "Bear" which are known as "hreshing Floor". he following part is dedicated to the relation between the mythologized threshing floor and the fairies, represented in the already mentioned stories where the birds are threshing immortelle on the threshing floor, on behalf of the fairies. he first component is represented through the myth of "he Fairies? hreshing Floor", regarded in the south Slavic toponyms ("Vilino Gumno") and traditions concerning the fairies themselves (Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia). In most cases the story refers to sacral- 100 HUKOC Haycuduc ized positions located on hill points, sometimes in relation with caves, to which some activity of the faries is connected/attached. he second component is the motif of "he Fairies? Dance" ("Vilino Kolo", "Judinsko horo"), which is also present as a microtoponym referring to circular formations (mostly plants organized in a circle) which by tradition corresponds to the fairies' dance performed on the spot. he third component of this part is the wind and especially the storm, which through certain terms, beliefs and legends is immediately connected to the fairies. Due to its circular dynamics, the wind/storm is also interfering in the examination of "he Fairies' Dance" and "he Fairies' hreshing Floor". he second part of this study will represent the myth concerning "he Metallic hreshing Floor" also referred to as "he Copper hreshing Floor" i.e. "Medno Gumno" and its symbolical and mythical manifestations. 101 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0T0 ryMHo bo CÄOBeHCKaTa TpagM^MOHaflHa KyjiTypa - I 1. Ouöyna, paH cpedeH BeK, Karojba, Istra, XpBamcKa. D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki..., T. L: 6. 2. 4,5, 8, 11. MemanHU aMynemu, 7-9. BeK, CeBepeH KaBKa3. Cmenu EBpa3uu..., 181-Puc. 64. 3. MemaneH npedMem (HaKum ?), cpedeH BeK, KucnoBodcK, Pycuja. A. n. PyHun, CKanbHue..., Puc. 3 - 12. 6. Ep0H3eH npedMem (HaKum?), enoxa Ha Memanume, FepMaHuja. Jahresbericht..., 718 - Abb. 26 7. MemaneH HaKum, paH cpedeH BeK, Kleinlangheim, Lkr. Kitzingen, CeBepeH EaepH, FepMaHuja. C. Pescheck, Das frankische..., Taf. 39:11. 9. EpoH3eH npuBp30K, paH cpedeH BeK, Bukel, AnöaHuja. S. Anamali, Nje varreze..., T. XIV. 10. EpoH3eH npuBp30K, paH cpedeH BeK, Lezhe, AnöaHuja. F. Prendi, Nje varreze..., 46 - T. XXI: 1. 12. EpoH3eH npuBp30K, paH cpedeH BeK, Kalaja Dalmaces, AnöaHuja. H. Spahiu, Varreza..., 46 - T. V: 16. 13. EpoH3eH npuBp30K, paH cpedeH BeK, Kruja, AnöaHuja. S. Anamali, H. Spahiu, Varreza..., T. X: 14. 14. EpoH3eH npuBp30K, paH cpedeH BeK, Kalaja Dalmaces, AnöaHuja. H. Spahiu, Gjetje..., T. VIII: 3. 102 Hukoc Haycuduc T. II 1. Ou6yna, 6. BeK, Weifienfels, McmoHHa FepMaHuja. Arch. Denkmale..., 184 (178). 2. 0u6yna, 6. BeK, Kranj, CnoBeHuja. Zakladi tisočletij ..., 356. 3. Ep0H3eH 0nK0B od KOMHa naHma, cpedeH BeK, HoB^opod, Pycuja. n. r. FaudyKOB, CnaBaHCKuu ..., 182 - Puc. 91 A: 1, 2. 4. FnaBa od MemanHa mna, Mene3H0 BpeMe, flypucmaHCKa Kynmypa, MpaH. A. Godar, Umetnost..., Crt. 72. 5. ^meM Ha maMaHCKu manaH, emHO^pa(uja, Hapod CaaMu. Mufiu Hap...., T. 2,192. 6. ^meM Ha KOMa od manaH, emHO^pa((uja, Hapod CenbKynu, Cu6up. C. B. MBaHOB, Mamepuanu..., 73 - Puc. 59. 7. MomuB od KepaMunKu cad, 6pOH3OBO BpeMe, Kpaj6peMje Ha e3epomo CeBaH, EpMeHuja. r. E. Apemrn, MHdoeBponeucKuu..., 85 - Ta6.I:1. 8. CnuKaH MomuB od BenudeHCKO jajue (demajb), emHO^pa(uja, KapnamcKu pe^uoH. E. A. Pu6aKOB, %3. dp. CnaBKH..., 52. 9. KanaK od 6pOH3eHa Ko(a (cumyna), Mene3HO BpeMe, Este Benvenuti. H. Parzinger, Inandiktepe..., 19 - Abb. 10. 10. Annum^ja, paHa aHmuKa, ocmaBa od fiemHu^, Ey^apuja. M. Mapa3OB, P0^03eHCK0m0..., 268 - 06p. 168 103 MMT0fl0rM3MpaH0T0 ryMHo bo CÄOBeHCKaTa TpagM^MOHaflHa KyjiTypa - I T.III I,2. CxeMu: fl,uHaMma^ja Ha Heöomo. H. Haycuduc, MumcKume..., 177 - T. LXV. 3. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), 6-7. BeK, nacmupcKoe ropoduw,e, ^usupuH, yKpauHa. J. Werner, Slawischen..., Taf. 40:39. 4. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), 6-7. BeK, Vestmanland (?). J. Werner, Slawischen..., Taf. 38:18. 5. Ouöyna, 6-7. BeK, nacmupcKoe R>poduw,e, ^usupuH, yKpauHa. J. Werner, Slawischen..., Taf. 40:33. 6. Ouöyna, 6-7. BeK, Alt-Kossewen. J. Werner, Slawischen..., Taf. 40:36. 7. Ouöyna, 6-7. BeK, nacmupcKoe R>poduw,e, ^usupuH, yKpauHa. J. Werner, Slawischen..., Taf. 41:45. 8. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), paH cpedeH BeK, Opa^uja. A. Koch, Bügelfibeln..., 2, Taf. 32:3. 9. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), 6-7. BeK, MyHucmoe. M. O. raBpumyxuH, A. M. OönoMcKu, ranoHoBcKuü ..., 250 - Puc. 69:14. 10. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), 6-7. BeK, CyyK-Cy (¿p. 87), CeBepHo npu^HoMopje. J. Werner, Slawischen ..., Taf. 38:17. II. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), paH cpedeH BeK, Kreuznach. H. Kühn, Die germanischen..., Taf. 34: 117. 12. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), paH cpedeH BeK, hennes. A. Koch, Bügelfibeln..., 2, Taf. 37:2. 13. Ouöyna (demaib - nonyKpyMHa nnoHKa), paH cpedeH BeK, Jouy-le-Comte. A. Koch, Bügelfibeln ..., 2, Taf. 32:4. 104