Peter Gabrijelčič. Alenka Fikfak, Gregor Čok
2oo5/1
AR
Slikal: V skladu s prostorsko-razvojnimi potenciali bodo posamezna naselja razvijala svojo sredisèno vlogo in primarno usmeritev. Slednja bo odvisna predvsem od strategije razvoja širšega obmoèja, ki bo izrazito varovalna (naravna krajina), agrarna (kmetijsko intenzivna krajina) ali pa bo sledila zmernim trendom urbanizacije podeželja (kulturna krajina manj intenzivna kmetijska območja). Intenzivno kmetovanje bo najbolj vplivalo na strukturno zasnovo naselij brez središčnega pomena. ki se bodo v celoti prilagodila tehnološkim (obsežni agrarni gospodarski objekti) in prostorskim (komasacije zemljišč) zahtevam. Naselja bodo integralno nadgrajevala svoj status in središčni pomen.
According to spatial-development potentials particular settlements will develop their central role and primary orientation. The latter will mainly depend on the wider area's development strategy, which can be exceptionally protective (natural landscape), agrarian (intensive agricultural landscape) or follow moderate trends of countryside urbanisation (cultural landscape less intensive agricultural areas). Intensive agriculture will most significantly affect structural layout of the settlements without central significance, which will totally adapt to technological (expansive agrarian production buildings) and spatial (replotting of land) demands. Settlements will integrally add to their status and central significance.
Slika3: V naselbinskih območjih in naseljih s kvalitetno stavbno dediščino uveljavljamo prenovo kot prednostno razvojno strategijo.
In populated areas and settlements with quality built heritage rehabilitation is promoted as the primary development strategy.
Slika2: Spremembe v načinih pridobivanja dohodka v posestni ekonomiji so Slika4: Predpostavljamo. da bodo predvsem manjša naselja (naselja brez
povzročile opuščanje pridelovalnih zemljišč in spremembo odnosa z naravnim. kmetijskim okoljem.
Changes in manners of obtaining income in land ownership economy have caused abandoning ofcultivated land and changes to attitudes to natural, agricultural environments.
središčnega pomena) na območjih z velikim agrarnim potencialom podvržena monokulturni agrarni usmeritvi njihovega gravitacijskega zaledja.
Our hypothesis is that mainly smaller settlements (settlements without central significance) in areas with agrarian potentials will be subject to mono-cultural agrarian developments in their gravitational hinterland.
AR
2oo5/1
Peter Gabrijelčič. Alenka Fikfak, Gregor Čok
UREJANJE PODEŽELSKIH NASELIJ -NASELJA BREZ SREDIŠČNEGA POMENA MANAGEMENT OF SETTLEMENTS IN THE COUNTRYSIDE -SETTLEMENTS WITHOUT CENTRAL SIGNIFICANCE
raziskava, research
povzetek
S preobrazbo socialne in ekonomske strukture podeželja se preoblikujejo tudi ustaljene prostorske oblike naselij brez središčnega pomena (funkcionalna, arhitekturna in urbanistična zasnova). Spremembe so pozitivne in negativne. zato je potrebno oblikovati primerno metodologijo. ki bo s pomočjo analitičnih indikatorjev in selektivnih kriterijev omogočala regulacijo aktualnih prostorskih trendov.
Tipi podeželske poselitve ter agrarnih naselij in njihovih sestavnih delov so prav gotovo bistven element kulturne krajine, v kateri so se skozi zgodovinska obdobja menjavale različne civilizacije v obliki nenehne kulturne sedimentacije. V odvisnosti od spreminjajočih se proizvodnih odnosov prihaja do nenehne integracije starejših in mlajših oblik organizacije prostora in s tem do izoblikovanja novih kvalitet v odnosu med oblikami poselitve. rabo tal in socialno členitvijo.
doseženi cilji. namen in rezultati
Z oblikovanjem tipologije krajin smo ugotavljali razmerja med naravno in kmetijsko krajino ter vpetost posameznih naselij v sistem poselitve. Ključni ukrepi za urejanje naselij in njihovih vplivnih območij so odvisni od temeljne strategije oziroma primarne razvojne usmeritve krajine. Praktičen rezultat naloge predstavlja karta s prikazom tipologije podeželskih krajin in podeželskih naselij, s pomočjo katere je mogoče okvirno opredeliti karakter vseh posameznih območij v prostoru Slovenije. Ta členitev prostora predstavlja izhodišče za definiranje podrobnejših meril/pravil za urejanje manjših naselij glede na njihovo tipologijo, kulturno-krajinske tipe in glede na specifiko lokacije.
problematika v arhitekturi. umestitev obravnavane teme v te tokove in njen pomen
Ključni problem področja raziskave je poleg urejanja "prostorskih trendov", ki jih povzročajo aktualne socioekonomske spremembe tudi prehod iz ustaljene planerske prakse in spremljajočih upravnih postopkov v nov sistem prostorskega načrtovanja in urejanja prostora.
Naloga razkriva pomanjkljivosti obstoječe zakonodaje na področju podrobnejših pravil urejanja prostora. V Splošnih pravilih prostorskega načrtovanja (SPRO, PRO) so izrazito poudarjeni varstveni vidiki, manj pa je izpostavljena arhitekturna in urbanistična presoja (zlasti pri presoji variantnih rešitev, ki so zahtevane v določenih postopkih). Arhitekturna in urbanistična stroka mora v navedenih postopkih izdelave posameznih prostorskih aktov pridobiti vidnejšo vlogo, saj je vprašanje estetskih (oblikovnih) meril za podobo prostora ključnega pomena (razpoznavnost identitete, skladnost z obstoječo celoto, strukturne spremembe, ki so že v teku ali so načrtovane, prisotnost vizualnih poudarkov, simbolna vrednost itd.).
ključne besede
podeželje, poselitveni vzorci, urejanje prostora, naselja brez središčnega pomena, tipologija podeželskih krajin
summary
Transformation of the countryside's social and economic structure is also coupled with transformation ofestablished spatial forms of settlements without central significance (functional, architectural and urbanistic layout). Changes are positive and negative. It is therefore necessary to devise a more adequate methodology, which will, supported by analytical indicators and selective criteria, enable regulation of present spatial trends.
The type of settlement in the countryside and agrarian settlement, as well as their composite parts, is surely the essential element of a cultural landscape, in which throughout historical periods, different civilisations replaced each other in the form of constant cultural sedimentation. Depending on changing production relations there is a constant integration of older and younger forms of spatial organisation and correspondingly the formation ofnew qualities related to forms ofsettlement, land use and social structuring.
intentions. goals and results
In designing the landscape typology we determined the relations between natural and cultural landscapes and the integration of independent settlements in the settlement system. The key measures for management of settlements and their influential areas depend on the fundamental strategy and landscape's priority development direction. The research's practical result is a map showing typologies of countryside landscapes and pertaining settlements, which can be used to give general definitions of the character of all the separate areas in Slovene territory. This structuring represents a starting point for defining more detailed measures/rules for management of smaller settlements with respect of their typology, cultural-landscape type and specifics of their setting.
architectural issues. positioning the topic in ongoing debate and its' significance
Besides management of "spatial trends" caused by ongoing social-economic changes the key researched issue was transition from present planning practise and corresponding administrative procedures to thenew system of spatial planning and management.
The research discloses deficiencies of valid laws in the segment of detailed rules regulating spatial management. In the general rules of spatial management (Strategy, order) protective aspects are exceptionally emphasised, while architectural and urbanistic assessment are hardly mentioned (especially in assessment of idea proposals, which are demanded in certain procedures). The architectural and urbanistic practices have to be given a more substantial role in the production procedures of such planning acts, after all issues of aesthetic (design) measures for spatial image are of vital importance (distinction, identity, harmony with the extant entity, ongoing or planned structural changes, presence of landmarks, symbolic value etc.).
key words
countryside, settlement patterns, spatial management, settlement without central significance, typology of countryside landscape