DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Households and Families in Slovenia www.stat.si/eng Dad, Mom, Grandpa, Grandma … Households and Families in Slovenia Original title: Ata, mama, dedi, babi … Gospodinjstva in družine v Sloveniji Author: Danilo Dolenc Infographics: Matjaž Erker Translated by Boris Panič The publication is available at www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/publications Information provided by the Information Centre: phone + 386 1 241 64 04 e-mail info.stat@gov.si @StatSlovenia CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 314(497.4)(0.034.2) DOLENC, Danilo Dad, mom, grandpa, grandma --- [Elektronski vir] : households and families in Slovenia / [author Danilo Dolenc ; translated by Boris Panič]. - El. knjiga. - Ljubljana : Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2016 Prevod dela: Ata, mama, dedi, babi --- ISBN 978-961-239-354-0 (pdf) 1. Gl. stv. nasl. 285203200 Issued and published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Litostrojska cesta 54 – © SURS – Use and publication of data is allowed provided the source is acknowledged – ISBN 978-961-239-354-0 DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... 3 FOREWORD One of the features of the Slovene language and its dialects is many names for our closest ones: parents, grandparents and other relatives. Words such as “ata” and “mama” are among the first words spoken by children. It is interesting, however, that these two words are sometimes used to indicate grandparents, i.e. grandfathers and grandmothers, who are in the Slovene title of this publication called “dedi” and “babi”. Even though the word ''otrok'' does not appear in the title, children are covered in it since all expressions in the title refer to the relationship of the stated persons to children or the children’s children (grandchildren). Most of the data in this publication are from the 2015 register-based population census and refer to 1 January 2015. Because this was our second register-based census (the first one was conducted in 2011, also as of 1 January), the data on households and families from these two censuses are methodologically comparable. The data on dwellings were taken over from the 2011 census (during the preparation of this publication the data for 2015 were not available). To present the time series, in addition to these data we also used those from 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002 population censuses, which were obtained with classical fieldwork (these data refer to 31 March). And an explanation to brief statistical stories that introduce individual chapters: information in them reflects the actual situation on 1 January 2015. Names in these stories are based on the data on the most common names in Slovenia among people of different generations. The data on age, marital status, number of children, size and structure of households and families, and other data are averages on the stated date. Nevertheless, any similarity with real persons is purely accidental (J). Even though the publication presents with figures, text and various graphical presentations (infographics, charts and tables) a multitude of statistical data, these are only some of the data on this topic available on our data portal, which you are warmly invited to check out. Genovefa Ružić Director-General 4 DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... CONTENTS HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES, 1 January 2015 ..................................................................................................................... 5 ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLD ................................................................................................................................................... 11 ONE-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD .................................................................................................................................................... 15 MULTI-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD .................................................................................................................................................. 19 CONSENSUAL UNION ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 LONE-PARENT FAMILY ........................................................................................................................................................... 27 EXTENDED FAMILY HOUSEHOLD ........................................................................................................................................... 31 RECONSTITUTED FAMILY ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 NON-FAMILY, INSTITUTIONAL AND OTHER HOUSEHOLDS ..................................................................................................... 39 DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................................. 44 SOURCES AND LITERATURE .................................................................................................................................................. 44 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES, 1 January 2015 A dwelling can be unoccupied or occupied. An occupied dwelling can There must be at least two comprise one or more persons in a household to households. make up a family (a one- A family is two persons A household of a person household is not a of the same generation grandparent and family). (married or unmarried grandchildren is a non- couple) with or without family household. A multi-person household children or one of the can comprise one family, parents with children; A household of more families or no the child’s age is not grandparents and family. important. grandchildren is an extended one-family In a family household household, where there can also be persons grandparents are a who are not members family (married couple of any family in the without children) and household. grandchildren are not family members. multi-person household first second not a family family family member 6 Households and families, 1 January 2015 DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... One-person household One in three households was a one-person household. The number of men and women was balanced, but their age structure was not a family 267,523 households (32.6%) not; women were on average 13 years older than men. Most of the women living alone were retired and, as regards marital status, 267,523 people (13.0%) widows. On the other hand, men living alone were mostly employed and single. 125,000 persons in one-person households were Marija, 78 years living alone in one-dwelling buildings. One-family household A one-family household is the most common type of cohabitation in Slovenia since two out of three residents of Slovenia were married couple with children living in various types of families in such households. Most of them were living in a one-family four-person household (418,000 or Andrej, 40 years 461,080 households (56.2%) one in five), of whom 314,000 in families of married couples with two children. Most of the families of same-sex couples (73 out Nataša, 37 years 1,357,114 people (65.8%) of 81) were living in such households. The number of family types increased from six (in 1981) to eight, which is a new milestone Luka, 8 years in publishing data on families after 1981, when in the population census the data on consensual unions were collected for the first Lana, 6 years time. An average one-family household had 3.1 members. Multi-family household first family second family (married couple (married couple Because multi-family households must be composed of at least 4 persons, these households have a large number of members (on without children) with children) 37,447 households (4.6%) average 5.6). This is why family relationships and the generation structure in multi-family households are very diverse. In nine out of 1) ten multi-family households there were three successive generations. More than half of members of multi-family households were Franc, 66 years Boštjan, 36 years 208,615 people (10.1%) children and grandchildren of the reference person and their number was balanced. Three out of four multi-family households were Majda, 61 years Petra, 30 years living in one-dwelling buildings. Žan, 5 years 1) Extended multi-family households are also Nik, 1 year included. Consensual union Consensual unions are the most rapidly developing family type. The number of consensual unions with children is growing the unmarried couple without children 77,422 families (13.4%) fastest as a direct result of the fact that 60% of children are born to unmarried mothers. There were relatively few (fewer than 6%) young families in which both partners were younger than 30 years. In eight out of ten consensual unions both partners were single. Mateja, 28 years 253,846 people (12.3%) Divorced persons more frequently enter consensual unions than widowed persons, which is particularly true of men. Consensual Rok, 28 years partners have on average fewer children than married couples. Lone-parent family One in four families in Slovenia was a lone-parent family and one in five lone-parent families was a family of a father with children. lone-mother with children In general, children in lone-parent families were the oldest (in families of mothers with children 22.7 years, in families of fathers 143,139 families (24.8%) with children 21.7 years). Mean age of children depends on the marital status of parents. For example, children living with widowed Mojca, 41 years 336,656 people (16.3%) mothers were on average over 40 years old. A lot more sons than daughters were living in lone-parent families (in families of Luka, 12 years mothers with children 40% more and in families of fathers with children 52% more), partly because sons leave their parents’ families Nika, 10 years later than daughters. Extended family household The most characteristic of extended family households were a high number of members (on average 4.25) and cohabitation of family not a family member several generations (in 60% of such households at least three generations). In a large majority of these households (94%) only one (lone-father with children) 41,301 households (5.0%) 175,468 people (8.5%) member was not a member of any family in the household; the most frequently this was a widowed parent (usually mother) or an Matej, 25 years Irena, 54 years unmarried brother/sister of one of the family members, so the majority of non-family members in these households were women Eva, 8 months (76% more than men). One in four members of extended family households was a grandchild. Reconstituted family As regards reconstituted families, one in 25 (4.3%) was a family with at least one child who was not a common child of both spouses unmarried couple with children 12,408 families (2.2%) or both partners. One in ten consensual unions with children was reconstituted. Almost 25,000 children were living in reconstituted Nina, 31 years (biological mother of Nejc) 49,749 people (2.4%) families, 39% of them were biological children of both parents. Common children (on average aged 10) were less than half as old as Marko, 33 years (not biological father of Nejc) non-common children. The average number of children in reconstituted families (2.01) was much larger than the average number Nejc, 7 years of children in all two-parent families with children (1.67). DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Households and families, 1 January 2015 7 One-person household One in three households was a one-person household. The number of men and women was balanced, but their age structure was not a family 267,523 households (32.6%) not; women were on average 13 years older than men. Most of the women living alone were retired and, as regards marital status, 267,523 people (13.0%) widows. On the other hand, men living alone were mostly employed and single. 125,000 persons in one-person households were Marija, 78 years living alone in one-dwelling buildings. One-family household A one-family household is the most common type of cohabitation in Slovenia since two out of three residents of Slovenia were married couple with children living in various types of families in such households. Most of them were living in a one-family four-person household (418,000 or Andrej, 40 years 461,080 households (56.2%) one in five), of whom 314,000 in families of married couples with two children. Most of the families of same-sex couples (73 out Nataša, 37 years 1,357,114 people (65.8%) of 81) were living in such households. The number of family types increased from six (in 1981) to eight, which is a new milestone Luka, 8 years in publishing data on families after 1981, when in the population census the data on consensual unions were collected for the first Lana, 6 years time. An average one-family household had 3.1 members. Multi-family household first family second family (married couple (married couple Because multi-family households must be composed of at least 4 persons, these households have a large number of members (on without children) with children) 37,447 households (4.6%) average 5.6). This is why family relationships and the generation structure in multi-family households are very diverse. In nine out of 1) ten multi-family households there were three successive generations. More than half of members of multi-family households were Franc, 66 years Boštjan, 36 years 208,615 people (10.1%) children and grandchildren of the reference person and their number was balanced. Three out of four multi-family households were Majda, 61 years Petra, 30 years living in one-dwelling buildings. Žan, 5 years Nik, 1 year Consensual union Consensual unions are the most rapidly developing family type. The number of consensual unions with children is growing the unmarried couple without children 77,422 families (13.4%) fastest as a direct result of the fact that 60% of children are born to unmarried mothers. There were relatively few (fewer than 6%) young families in which both partners were younger than 30 years. In eight out of ten consensual unions both partners were single. Mateja, 28 years 253,846 people (12.3%) Divorced persons more frequently enter consensual unions than widowed persons, which is particularly true of men. Consensual Rok, 28 years partners have on average fewer children than married couples. Lone-parent family One in four families in Slovenia was a lone-parent family and one in five lone-parent families was a family of a father with children. lone-mother with children In general, children in lone-parent families were the oldest (in families of mothers with children 22.7 years, in families of fathers 143,139 families (24.8%) with children 21.7 years). Mean age of children depends on the marital status of parents. For example, children living with widowed Mojca, 41 years 336,656 people (16.3%) mothers were on average over 40 years old. A lot more sons than daughters were living in lone-parent families (in families of Luka, 12 years mothers with children 40% more and in families of fathers with children 52% more), partly because sons leave their parents’ families Nika, 10 years later than daughters. Extended family household The most characteristic of extended family households were a high number of members (on average 4.25) and cohabitation of family not a family member several generations (in 60% of such households at least three generations). In a large majority of these households (94%) only one (lone-father with children) 41,301 households (5.0%) 175,468 people (8.5%) member was not a member of any family in the household; the most frequently this was a widowed parent (usually mother) or an Matej, 25 years Irena, 54 years unmarried brother/sister of one of the family members, so the majority of non-family members in these households were women Eva, 8 months (76% more than men). One in four members of extended family households was a grandchild. Reconstituted family As regards reconstituted families, one in 25 (4.3%) was a family with at least one child who was not a common child of both spouses unmarried couple with children 12,408 families (2.2%) or both partners. One in ten consensual unions with children was reconstituted. Almost 25,000 children were living in reconstituted Nina, 31 years (biological mother of Nejc) 49,749 people (2.4%) families, 39% of them were biological children of both parents. Common children (on average aged 10) were less than half as old as Marko, 33 years (not biological father of Nejc) non-common children. The average number of children in reconstituted families (2.01) was much larger than the average number Nejc, 7 years of children in all two-parent families with children (1.67). 8 Households and families, 1 January 2015 DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... MULTI-DWELLING BUILDING DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Households and families, 1 January 2015 9 ONE-DWELLING BUILDING ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLD 12 One-person household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... One in three On 1 January 2015 there were 267,523 one-person households in Slovenia or households is a one- 118,000 more than at the last fieldwork population census conducted in 2002. An exceptionally large increase in the number of one-person households after the 2002 person household. census was mostly due to population ageing. Between 2002 and 2015 the number of persons aged 65+ living alone doubled and already exceeds 102,000. Many two- person families of older married couples namely statistically speaking stopped being families and became one-person households. At the same time, the increase was partly the result of adult children leaving their parents’ families. Since on average women live longer than men, with age the number of women living alone increases more than the number of men living alone. Another important factor is immigration of foreign citizens. Half of more than 35,000 one-person households of foreign citizens lived in workers residences or similar accommodation establishments. One- person households of foreign citizens were distinctly male; only 10% of them were female households, in collective living quarters even less than 5%. At that time many foreign citizens had their families in the country they left, since half of male immigrants living alone were married. One-person households, Slovenia, censuses Members of one-person households by age, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Share (%) Year Number of all house- men women holds 1971 89,494 17.4 … … 1981 101,580 17.1 … … 1991 115,395 18.0 33.2 66.8 2002 149,757 21.9 37.9 62.1 2011 266,489 32.8 50.4 49.6 2015 267,523 32.6 49.6 50.4 ... not available Source: SURS Source: SURS Just over 11,000 persons living in one-person households in 2015 were up to 25 years old; about the same number of men and women. Just over half of them were students, who mostly lived as tenants in the place of education. In all ages from 26 to 62 male one-person households outnumbered female one-person households; in the age group 39–41 by three times. After 63 years of age the number of female Men living alone are one-person households starts to rise rapidly, so that at 76 years of age the number on average 13 years was three times higher than the number of male one-person households; at 87 years younger than women of age it was five times higher. The mean age of men in one-person households was living alone. 51.3 years and of women 64.3 years. DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... One-person household 13 One in two men living alone in Slovenia in 2015 was single. For women it is characteristic that the share of widows living alone grows rapidly with age. At 65 Most women living years of age 40% and at 75 years of age 70% of women living alone were widows. alone are widows. 11% of women aged 65+ living alone were never married; the share of never married men of that age was twice as high as the share of women. Members of one-person households by Women in one-person households Members of one-person households formal marital status, Slovenia, aged 65+ by formal marital status, by age, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1 January 2015 Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Share (%) Age (years) Number women single foreign- ers Total 267,523 50.4 40.5 13.3 15–29 22,299 43.2 92.2 24.4 30–49 71,459 27.9 66.5 26.1 50–64 71,616 41.9 35.9 13.7 65–84 84,867 71.6 15.2 2.0 Source: SURS 85+ 17,282 84.1 9.7 0.6 Source: SURS Women and men in one-person households by type of building in which they live, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Source: SURS © SURS At the 2011 population census in one in three one-dwelling buildings there was a In one in three one- one-person household, in total more than 125,000. 45% of men and 57% of women dwelling buildings living alone in one-dwelling buildings were owners, and 49% of men and 41% of there is only one women were users of the dwelling (usually the official owner of the dwelling was a close relative, most frequently a child). person. 14 One-person household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Activity statuses of The greatest difference in activity status of men living alone and all men was recorded men in one-person in the share of pupils and students. These men represented only 2% of all men in one-person households (9% of all men). On the other hand, activity statuses of households are women living alone were at that time (mostly on account of specific age structure) comparable with entirely incomparable with activity statuses of all women. Among women living activity statuses of alone there were twice as many retired as among all women and half the number men in multi-person of the employed. In 2015, only one in five women living alone was employed, while households. the share for men living alone was one in two (i.e. almost the same as the share for all men). Members of one-person households by activity status, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Gender difference in activity status in one-person households, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS ONE-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD 16 One-family household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... A one-family household is the most common type of cohabitation in Slovenia. Two thirds of people Since 2011 the number of such households increased by almost 11,000, so that live in one-family at the beginning of 2015 they represented 56% of all households in the country; households. 232,000 were spouses or partners without children, 474,000 spouses or partners with children, 108,000 mothers or fathers with children and 543,000 children (81% of all children), of whom 275,000 or one in two were younger than 18 years. Mean age of members in one- Households and persons by type of household, Slovenia, censuses family households by type of family, Households Persons Slovenia, 1 January 2015 differ- differ- 2011 2015 ence 2011 2015 ence % % Total 813,872 821,056 0.9 2,050,189 2,062,874 0.6 Private 813,531 820,541 0.9 2,016,423 2,024,604 0.4 One-person 266,489 267,523 0.4 266,489 267,523 0.4 Multi-person 547,042 553,018 1.1 1,749,934 1,757,081 0.4 non-family 20,041 15,907 -20.6 43,551 33,985 -22.0 one-family 450,262 461,080 2.4 1,334,985 1,357,114 1.7 extended one- family 38,113 38,584 1.2 157,276 157,367 0.1 multi-family 36,047 34,730 -3.7 196,846 190,514 -3.2 Source: SURS extended multi- family 2,579 2,717 5.4 17276 18,101 4.8 Institutional 286 435 52.1 32,371 35,324 9.1 Other 55 80 45.5 1,395 2,946 111.2 Source: SURS A large majority In 2015, most of the two-parent families in one-family households had one or two children; the shares were very close (46% had one child and 42% had two children). of lone-parent As regards lone-parent families, a large majority of them had one child; the share of families in one-family lone-fathers with one child (73%) was slightly higher than the share of lone-mothers households have with one child (69%). one child. Individual types of families in one-family households differed significantly regarding the mean age of family members. Unmarried partners had on average the youngest children; in two out of three families the oldest child was less than 15 years old. On average the oldest children were living in families with only one parent; they were on average around 25 years old, and one in three was over 30. On average the oldest were married couples without children (over 65 years of age) and on average the youngest were unmarried partners with children (41 years of age). DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... One-family household 17 One-family households by number of members and type of family, Slovenia, One-family households by type of 1 January 2015 family and age of the oldest child, Number of household members Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Total 2 3 4 5 6+ Total 461,080 191,825 137,520 104,523 22,292 4,920 Married couple without children 102,203 102,203 - - - - Married couple with children 186,410 - 85,484 78,524 18,286 4,116 Mother with children 88,167 61,151 22,907 3,494 482 133 Father with children 19,859 14,596 4,513 628 94 28 Unmarried couple without 13,818 children 13,818 - - - - Unmarried couple with children 50,550 - 24,602 21,875 3,430 643 Same-sex couple without children 57 57 - - - - Same-sex couple with children 16 - 14 2 0 0 - no occurrence of event Source: SURS Source: SURS On 1 January 2015 most residents of Slovenia were living in one-family four-person households (418,000 or one in five), and only slightly fewer (412,500) were living in three-person households. Even though a married couple with two children was not the most common family type in one-family households, most residents (314,000) In three out of were living in such communities. The most numerous were two-person households four one-family of married couples without children (102,000 families), followed by three-person households there households of married couples with one child (256,000 persons). Most of the one- were at least one family households with only one generation were married couples without children parent and children. (88%). One-family households with two children by gender and age of the children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS 18 One-family household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... The age difference At the beginning of 2015, 219,000 children were living in 98,000 one-family among the children households with two to five children in which the oldest child was younger than 30 years. Families with twins or triplets were not taken into account. The age difference in the same family among the children was, irrespective of the number of children, always the lowest increases with the between the first and the second child. The age difference between children number of children. increases with the number of children in the family. The age difference between the youngest two children was the smallest in families with five children (3 and a half years) and the largest in families with three children (4 years and 9 months). Members of one-family households by Mean age of children in one-family households by number of children in the family status and by activity status, family, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS 1) One-family households with all children younger than 30 years are taken into account. Source: SURS © SURS Among members of one-family households of married couples or unmarried Unemployment couples without children only one in four was employed in 2015 (two out of three rate in one-family were retired), while among one-family households of married couples or unmarried couples with children three out of four were employed and the unemployment households is the rate was the lowest (8.9%). The main reason for differences in activity status was highest for children different age structure of members in individual family types or the life cycle of aged 15+. these families. One in two children aged 15+ was already employed, even though the unemployment rate of children in these households was the highest (18.3%). MULTI-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD 20 Multi-family household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Households with On 1 January 2015 one in ten residents of Slovenia was living in multi-family three or more families households (208,000), even though they represented only 4.6% of all households in the country (37,447). A two-family household is composed of at least four people are not common. or at least two families each with two members; usually, the number of members in such households is larger. Two-family households represented only 6% of all four- person households, while one in four two-family households had five members. There were 1,554 households with three or more families; and only three of them had five or more families. Multi-family households by number of Two-family households by family type, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) members, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) Married couple Unmarried Mother Father couple with with without with children children without with children children children children Married couple without children 1,213 8,934 5,945 1,803 178 3,476 Married couple with children 2,305 4,795 1,125 218 1,566 Mother with children 1,705 664 355 939 Father with children 90 98 179 Unmarried couple without children 27 165 Unmarried couple with children 111 1) Extended multi-family households are also included. Source: SURS 1) Extended multi-family households are also included. Source: SURS Impact of selecting the reference person of the household on relationships among household members Majda reference person Boštjan reference person Petra reference person Franc husband Petra wife Boštjan husband Boštjan son Žan son Žan son Petra daughter-in-law Nik son Nik son Žan grandson Franc father Franc father-in-law Nik grandson Majda mother Majda mother-in-law Ana sister Ana aunt Ana non-relative One in four two- Due to a larger number of members, the structure of multi-family households is family households is much more diverse than the structure of one-family households. Not considering composed of a family the reference person, in 2015 multi-family households consisted on average of three of a married couple to four different relatives (one-family households consisted of one or two different without children relatives). 59 households consisted of six or more different relatives. The most frequently parents lived together with one or more of their children, the son-in-law and a married couple or daughter-in-law, and grandchildren. The non-family member in the household with children. was the most often a brother or mother of the reference person. DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Multi-family household 21 The structure of multi-family households is very diverse also in terms of the relation In multi-family to the reference person. Even though the selection of the reference person is households the statistically important to determine the relationships within a household, it is also numbers of children interesting that the reference person in multi-family households is more frequently and grandchildren of a man. On 1 January 2015 men were twice as often reference persons as women (in the reference person one-family two-parent households it was similar: 234,000 vs. 118,000). Only a low share of children (a third) of reference persons were children also by family status, are the same. while almost all grandchildren of reference persons were children in the family. One in four children in multi-family households aged less than a year was living together with a grandmother and/or a grandfather; the older the children the lower their Reference persons in multi-family share (at age 9 it was only 10%). The numbers of children and grandchildren were households, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) the same at age 21. Three relationships to the reference person (husband/wife, unmarried partner, unmarried partner of the reference person’s child) determine the person’s family status precisely. Members of multi-family households by relationship to the reference person, by gender, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) Relationship to the reference person of the household Total Men Women Total 208,615 100,756 107,859 Reference person 37,447 25,326 12,121 Husband / wife 30,597 7,031 23,566 1) Extended multi-family households are also included. Unmarried partner 1,511 769 742 Source: SURS Child 55,139 27,998 27,141 Children and grandchildren in multi- Father / mother 2,894 1,074 1,820 family households, Slovenia, Father-in-law / mother-in-law 306 84 222 1 January 20151) Grandfather / grandmother 205 86 119 Son-in-law / daughter-in-law 14,816 5,354 9,462 Unmarried partner of the reference person’s child 6,572 2,316 4,256 Grandson / granddaughter 54,206 28,219 25,987 Brother / sister 1,194 652 542 Nephew / niece 921 463 458 Other relative 1,697 730 967 Non-relative 1,110 654 456 1) Extended multi-family households are also included. Source: SURS 1) Extended multi-family households are also included. Source: SURS 22 Multi-family household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... 89% of multi-family Because in 2015 two thirds of residents were living in one-family households (in which two successive generations at the most are possible) and because most households have households were one-person households (in which it makes no sense to determine three successive the generation), only 7% of households had a third generation. But because the generations. number of members in them is usually larger, almost 300,000 people (14.5%) were living in them. Of almost 92,000 households in which three generations could theoretically be possible, 60% had three successive generations; in multi-family households the share was 89%. In Slovenia, three generations were most often cohabiting in individual houses. The age difference between individual generations in households with four successive generations (in 2015 there were 1,321 such households) was relatively low: between the first and second generations 27 years, between the second and third generations 25 years and between the third and fourth generations also 25 years. 65 households with four successive generations were four-person households, i.e. each person was a different generation; 21 households with four successive generations were all-female households. Members of the first generation in the household by type of household, Generational composition of extended one-family and multi-family households, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Slovenia, 1 January 20151) Source: SURS Members of households composed of four successive generations, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1) Extended multi-family households are also included. Source: SURS Source: SURS CONSENSUAL UNION 24 Consensual union DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Consensual unions Because in Slovenia the share of children born in consensual unions or to lone- are the fastest mothers is constantly growing, in 2014 it was at almost 60%, the number of families of unmarried couples with children is also growing; in the past four years growing family type. the number of such families grew the most (from 49,000 to almost 62,000). At the same time, the number of consensual unions without children also went up (from 12,200 to 15,600), but their share among all consensual unions dropped from 44% in 1981 to only 20% in 2015. Among consensual The ages of consensual partners without children and consensual partners with unions without children differ significantly. If we take as a statistically significant threshold at least 2% of men or women of a certain age, in 2015 a large majority of partners with children, only 8% are children (85%) was 27–51 years old, which was a direct consequence of the fact young families (both that children in consensual unions were on average the youngest. Among married partners under 30 couples aged 27–51 with children the share was 58%. Consensual unions without years of age). children were quite numerous in 2015 in age groups 26–38 years (30% of partners); for them it is likely that the family type will change with the birth of a child. Even more consensual unions without children were recorded in age groups 48–64 years Consensual unions, Slovenia, censuses (40% of partners), but these communities were often for at least one of the partners Share Without children not the first family, since almost half of these persons had already been married at Year Number of all least once. families number share % % Unmarried partners, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1981 10,345 2.0 4,595 44.4 1991 17,374 3.1 4,966 28.6 2002 42,092 7.6 12,807 30.4 2011 61,307 10.8 12,185 19.9 2015 77,422 13.4 15,575 20.1 Source: SURS Consensual unions without children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Age of Age of male partner female Total up to partner 29 30–44 45–64 65+ Total 15,575 1,532 4,854 7,148 2,041 Source: SURS up to 29 2,485 1,297 1,167 21 0 30–44 4,483 233 3,344 892 14 45–64 7,037 2 341 5,793 901 65+ 1,570 0 2 442 1,126 Source: SURS DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Consensual union 25 As regards formal marital status, in 2015 in just over 60,000 consensual unions or One in eight 78% both partners were single; in the remaining 17,000 unions at least one of the consensual partners partners had been married once before. Unmarried partners (both men and women) is divorced. living with children were single in 90% of the cases. For most of them, this was their first family union of a man and a woman. As regards unmarried partners without children, only just over 50% were single and in one in five such unions at least one of the partners had been married once before. Consensual unions by formal marital status of partners, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) Families with children by age of children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1) Excluding consensual unions in which both partners are single. Source: SURS Source: SURS Unmarried partners by formal marital status, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS In 2015, 670,000 children in Slovenia were living in their primary families together Married couples with their parents, 56% of them in families of married parents, 15% in families of have on average unmarried partners and 29% with only one of the parents. Taking into account more children than only families with all children younger than 18 years, the number of children in unmarried partners. consensual unions (81,000) was only by 5,000 lower than the number of children in lone-parent families. On average, the number of children per family was the highest in married couple families (1.68 children), and only slightly lower in consensual unions (1.60 children). Taking into account only families with all children under 18 years of age, the difference was slightly bigger (1.87 to 1.59). 26 Consensual union DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Average number of children in families Consensual unions with children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 with children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Age of female Age of male partner (years) partner (years) Total up to 29 30–44 45–64 65+ Total 61,847 4,270 37,305 19,248 1,024 up to 29 8,037 3,228 4,731 78 0 30–44 39,730 1,040 31,412 7,237 41 45–64 13,700 2 1,161 11,787 750 65+ 380 0 1 146 233 Source: SURS Consensual unions, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1) Families with all children aged 0–17 are taken into account. Source: SURS Pomurska Koroška Podravska Gorenjska Savinjska Zasavska Posavska Goriška Osrednjeslovenska Jugovzhodna Slovenija Notranjsko- kraška Obalno- kraška SURS Source: SURS The share of consensual unions Despite its mostly rural character, consensual unions are common in the Koroška in the Koroška statistical region. On 1 January 2015 one in five families in this region was a statistical region consensual union. In three municipalities of the Koroška statistical region (Ribnica is more than twice as na Pohorju, Črna na Koroškem and Podvelka) one in four families was a consensual high as in the Goriška union. Consensual unions are more common in the eastern part of the country; in statistical region. 2015, 59% of all consensual unions in Slovenia. DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... 27 LONE-PARENT FAMILY 28 Lone-parent family DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Half of lone-parent The mean age of mother and children and the share of children still living in the families are the result primary family depend to a large extent on the formal marital status of the mother. On 1 January 2015, children in lone-parent families were on average the oldest of marriage ending (in families of mothers with children 22.7 years and in families of fathers with due to divorce or children 21.7 years). Most of the children were living with their biological mothers death of a spouse. in lone-parent families of single mother; the fewest were living with their widowed mothers. In early 2015 a third of mothers with children were formally single (in three Lone-parent families, Slovenia, out of four such families all children were under 18 years of age), a quarter was censuses widowed (almost all children were older than 18) and a quarter was divorced (one Share (%) in five had children younger than 18 years). Almost 18,000 mothers with children were formally married, but they were not living in the same households with their Year Number of all mothers with husbands; 72% of them were living with their children in own households, and families children the rest were living in their primary households (usually with one or both parents). 1981 74,770 14.3 87.1 Widowers with children (6,200) and divorced fathers with children (5,700) had children of about the same age as widows with children and divorced mothers with 1991 99,309 18.0 85.8 children. The mean age of children living with their widowed mothers in lone-parent 2002 104,292 18.8 86.0 families was over 40 years; children living with their widowed fathers in lone-parent 2011 143,129 25.2 83.6 families were on average 3 years younger. 2015 143,139 24.8 81.2 Mothers in lone-parent families by formal marital status and age, Slovenia, Source: SURS 1 January 2015 Fathers whose children live in lone- parent families with single mother, by household status in the other household, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Source: SURS Most of the fathers Of the 32,000 fathers of children who were living with their single mothers in 2015, 500 were not residents of Slovenia (most of these fathers had already died), 3,800 whose children live were living in a family with another woman and almost half were still living in with their single their primary households (as children with one or both parents). The data on the mothers do not live household status of fathers show that the share of lone-parent families of mothers in a family with with children is overestimated, partly due to each parent registering their residence another woman. at a different address. DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Lone-parent family 29 In 2015, 476,000 children were living in families with both parents and 193,000 (or Children in almost one in three) in lone-parent families. Only 44.5% of children in lone-parent lone-parent families families were younger than 18 years (in families of married couples one in two, in are on average the consensual unions 82%). oldest. Sons usually leave their primary families later than daughters. As a result, the 41% more sons than number of male and female children in families is not balanced (30% more male daughters live in children, in lone-parent families 41% more). In 2015 the gap greatly exceeded the lone-parent families. ratio in the total population (by age 65 there were 5.7% more men, in the total population 1.8% more women). The difference in children’s gender was the smallest in consensual unions (12% more male children) and the largest in families of fathers with children (52% more male children). Mothers and children in lone-parent families, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Mothers in lone-parent families by Mean age Average number Share (%) (years) of children of children in family activity status and formal marital status, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Number still live still live mother child live-born with son daughter with mother mother Total 116,295 52.4 22.7 1.95 1.36 58 42 70 single 38,521 40.5 12.0 1.47 1.34 53 47 92 married 17,722 46.5 16.6 1.96 1.58 54 46 81 widowed 31,693 70.2 40.6 2.48 1.22 69 31 49 divorced 28,359 52.5 23.7 1.99 1.41 57 43 71 Source: SURS Children in lone-parent families, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Fathers in lone-parent families by activity status and formal marital status, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Source: SURS 30 Lone-parent family DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... The unemployment In two out of three lone-parent families only one member was employed in 2015 (in rate of mothers living less than two thirds of them this was the parent), while in one in four lone-parent families no one was employed (in half of them at least one member was retired). alone with children As regards lone-parent families with at least two employed persons, in eight out of is higher than that of ten the parent was also employed. The unemployment rate of mothers aged 25–44 fathers living alone in lone-parent families was twice as high as the unemployment rate of fathers of with children. the same age living in such families. The unemployment rate of children (of both genders) aged 25–44 in lone-parent families was higher than the national average. Unemployment rates of parents Lone-parent families, municipalities, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 and children in lone-parent families, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 % of all families 19.9 or less 20.0 - 24.9 25.0 - 29.9 Source: SURS 30.0 or more SURS Source: SURS Hodoš/Hodos is the Most lone-parent families are in urban areas; in 2015, 38% of such families were only municipality living in eleven urban municipalities. In Ljubljana and Maribor these families represented over 30% of all families. Lone-fathers with children and lone-mothers in Slovenia with no with children in these two municipalities were among the youngest (53 and 52 lone-father family. years, respectively), while in municipality Osilnica, which is one of the smallest in the country and in which the share of lone-parent families was the highest in Slovenia (40%), fathers with children and mothers with children were the oldest (56.5 years). The share of lone-parent families was the lowest in municipalities Mirna Peč and Gorenja vas - Poljane (one in six). EXTENDED FAMILY HOUSEHOLD 32 Extended family household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Half of occupied On 1 January 2011 there were almost 845,000 dwellings in Slovenia. One in five dwellings in Slovenia dwellings was unoccupied; of those in one-dwelling buildings one in four. A vast majority of dwellings in Slovenia (nine out of ten) were private, which ranks Slovenia are located in one- among the EU Member States with the highest shares of private dwellings. Despite dwelling buildings that, just over two thirds of households were living in their own dwellings (at least and more than 60% one member was the owner or co-owner). A relatively large group of households of residents of (23%) was using the dwelling on some other basis. In one-dwelling buildings the Slovenia live in them. most common basis for using the dwelling was family relation between the owners (parents) and the users (their children with their families). Therefore, 42% of one- dwelling buildings were occupied by at least two households. Average number of households in a One-family households by type of family and the number of persons who are not dwelling, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 family members, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Source: SURS In 94% of extended On 1 January 2015 there were just over 41,000 extended family households in Slovenia, 93% of which were extended one-family households. 175,000 people were family households living in extended family households; 44,000 of them were not members of the only one member is family. One in four persons in extended one-family households was not a member of not a family member. the family; in extended multi-family households one in six. In only 0.5% of extended family households at least three persons were not members of the family. Most of the extended one-family households were households in which the non-family member(s) lived with a lone-parent family (one in three) and relatively the fewest were households in which the non-family member(s) lived with a married couple without children. DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Extended family household 33 In early 2015 in 60% of extended one-family households at least three generations More than half were living together; half of them were married couples with children plus one of persons in of the parents, the most frequently mother or mother-in-law (they outnumbered extended one-family fathers/fathers-in-law by four to one). Most of them were widows/widowers (three households who are out of four women and more than half of men). The family structure of the 38,584 not family members extended one-family households was very diverse; as many as 183 combinations were detected. In one in five extended one-family households one of the parents are one of the (usually mother), who was usually also the reference person of the household, parents. was living with one child, his or her spouse (daughter-in-law or son-in-law) and grandchildren, and in one in seven the parent was living with his or her child and grandchildren. In a third of extended one-family households in which the family type was mother with children there were only women. Members of extended one-family households who are not family members, by The parent in an extended one- relationship to the reference person of the household, Slovenia, 1 January 20151) family household who is not a family member, by formal marital status, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1) If the reference person was a household member who was not a family member, the relationship was calculated according to the closest relative criterion. Source: SURS Source: SURS Members of extended family households by family status, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Family status Total Men Women Women per 100 men Total 175,468 79,961 95,507 119 Spouse 46,490 23,245 23,245 100 Unmarried partner 11,226 5,613 5,613 100 Same-sex partner 10 4 6 150 Father/mother with children 15,290 2,963 12,327 416 Child 58,572 32,227 26,345 82 Not a family member 43,880 15,909 27,971 176 Source: SURS 34 Extended family household DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... One in four members In 2015, more than 42,000 children were living in extended family households of an extended family together with grandmothers and/or grandfathers. Most of them were living together with their parents or at least one of them; only just over 1,300 were living households is a only with both grandparents. Grandparents were usually married, but because grandchild. statistically speaking a family is only two successive generations, in these households grandchildren, who are the third generation, are not part of the family. In extended one-family households of only one of the grandparents (exceptionally two), parents and children (grandchildren) there were 33,630 grandchildren, 3,830 grandfathers and 16,720 grandmothers. Grandfathers, grandmothers and grandchildren in extended one-family Extended one-family households composed of grandparents, parents and households with three generations by children, by type of family, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 age, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Generation in the household Type of family Number Average children size members grand- total parents parents (grand- children) Married couple with children 10,390 4.85 50,351 10,559 20,780 19,012 Mother with children 5,342 3.43 18,345 5,347 5,342 7,656 Father with children 1,537 3.33 5,117 1,538 1,537 2,042 Unmarried couple with children 3,105 4.58 14,236 3,106 6,210 4,920 Source: SURS Source: SURS Population of Slovenia and members of one-family and extended family households by activity status, 1 January 2015 Members of extended family households Source: SURS reflect the socio- economic structure of Even though members of extended family households accounted for only 8.5% of the total population, the socio-economic structure of the population in these the total population. households was almost identical to the structure of the total population in Slovenia. RECONSTITUTED FAMILY 36 Reconstituted family DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... One in 25 two-parent In early 2015, in 12,408 (4.3%) of the 286,000 two-parent families at least one families with children child was not a biological child of both spouses/unmarried partners (a reconstituted family). For 9,000 families it was not possible to determine whether they are is a so-called reconstituted or not since at least one of the children in such families lacked the reconstituted family. data on at least one of the biological parents. The data on biological mothers were missing for only 2.4% and the data on biological fathers for 3.4% of children younger than 18 years. The share is growing with age. Non-reconstituted and reconstituted families by type of family, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Total Married Unmarried couple couple Total 286,137 224,290 61,847 Not a reconstituted family 264,694 210,143 54,551 Reconstituted family 12,408 6,335 6,073 Undetermined 9,035 7,812 1,223 Share of reconstituted families (%) 4.3 2.8 9.8 Source: SURS One in ten There are many more reconstituted families among unmarried partners (9.8%) than consensual unions among married couples (2.8%). The share of reconstituted families increases with the with children is a number of children in the family (one in three consensual unions with at least four reconstituted family. children was a reconstituted family). In six out of ten reconstituted families at least one child was a common child, so in 2015 the average number of children in reconstituted families was larger (2.01) than in all two-parent families with children (1.67). Half of the children in reconstituted families were biological children of the mother only and fewer than 10% of children were biological children of the father only. Children in reconstituted families by Types of reconstituted families by relations between biological and non-biological biological parents and family type, parents and children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Source: SURS DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Reconstituted family 37 Common children are usually much younger than biological children of only one Non-common children of the spouses/unmarried partners in reconstituted families. On 1 January 2015 are twice as old as common children in such families were on average just over 10 years old and were on average half the age of biological children of one of the parents (who were on common children. average almost 21 years old). Unmarried partners in reconstituted families were on average 4 years older than unmarried partners overall, so children in reconstituted families of unmarried partners were almost 5 years older than children of unmarried partners overall. In reconstituted families of married couples children were on average half a year younger than those in families of married couples overall. The age difference between common children and biological children of mothers in 39% of children in reconstituted families was three and a half years, while the age difference between common children and biological children of fathers was 5 years and 4 months. In reconstituted families reconstituted families with common children in which the common child was 0–4 are common children. years old (2,885) there were 3,133 non-common children, i.e. biological children of one of the parents. In reconstituted families in which the common child was 5–9 years old (2,466) there were 2,503 non-common children. Children in reconstituted families by biological parents, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Mean age of children in reconstituted families, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Source: SURS Reconstituted families by type of family and age of children, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS 38 Reconstituted family DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Three out of four In most of the reconstituted families in early 2015 (8,000) the biological parent of biological fathers one of the children was not a resident of Slovenia. These families were partly the result of the death of one of the parents (2,700) and partly of one of the parents of children in moving abroad (5,300) and the other parent creating a new community with a reconstituted families spouse or a consensual partner. 4,000 reconstituted families were formed after the live in another divorce or breakup of a consensual union or from lone-parent families. Three out two-parent family. of four biological fathers and only one in three biological mothers of children in reconstituted families lived in another two-parent family with the new spouse or partner. Reconstituted families by Common and non-common children in reconstituted families by age, Slovenia, characteristics of biological parents, 1 January 2015 Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Biological parent not living with the child Total not a living resi- else- other dent where Families 12,408 3,950 7,946 512 All children 24,933 8,047 15,378 1,508 Average number of 2.01 2.04 1.94 2.95 children Source: SURS Reconstituted family households by number of members and type of household, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS Source: SURS © SURS NON-FAMILY, INSTITUTIONAL AND OTHER HOUSEHOLDS 40 Non-family, institutional and other households DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... In 88% of non-family Non-family households accounted for 2% of all households on 1 January 2015. households there are Half of them were composed of only non-relatives; in one in six there were only foreign nationals. Non-family households of brothers and sisters accounted for only two members. almost a third; 84% of members of these households had never been married. In one in nine households of brothers and sisters there were only foreign nationals. One of the grandparents and grandchildren composed 12% of non-family households. If both grandparents (they form a family) were living in the household with their grandchildren, such a household was classified as extended one-family household because grandchildren are not family members, since the middle (second) generation is missing. More than 2,000 grandsons and 1,500 granddaughters were living only with their grandparents or at least one of them. Categories of non-family households, Categories of non-family households by gender of their members, Slovenia, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 1 January 2015 Share Num- Ave- Mean of ber rage age size years women % Total 15,907 2.14 48.5 42 Brothers/ sisters 4,867 2.10 45.5 34 Grand- parent with grand- children 1,881 2.19 45.8 61 Other relatives1) 1,245 2.25 49.8 48 1) Households with relatives living with non-relatives are also included. Only non- Source: SURS relatives 7,914 2.13 50.7 41 1) Households with relatives living with non- Population and members of non-family households, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 relatives are also included. Source: SURS Source: SURS DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Non-family, institutional and other households 41 In 2015, people in institutional households were 14 years older than the national Women in old average, which was 42.5 years. Not taking into account student residences, the people’s homes mean age of people in other institutions was 73 years. In line with international are on average recommendations, families in institutional households are not counted. 366 married 84 years old. couples were living in the same institutional household, of whom 324 in old people’s homes. More than half of residents whose spouses were living in the institutional household were living in one-person households. More than half (56%) of people in old people’s homes were widows and widowers. Institutional households and residents by type of institution, Slovenia, People in old people’s homes by 1 January 2015 formal marital status and gender, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Number of members Women Mean Number Average size per 100 age total men women men years Total 435 81 35,324 13,433 21,891 163 56.5 Student residences 77 150 11,523 4,757 6,766 142 22.1 Old people's homes 127 139 17,661 4,862 12,799 263 81.8 Social protection institutions 130 40 5,264 3,431 1,833 53 46.7 1) Monasteries 101 9 876 383 493 129 57.5 1) For children, youth and adults; prisons are also included. Source: SURS Source: SURS Household status of spouses whose spouse was living in an institutional household, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Source: SURS 42 Non-family, institutional and other households DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... Almost 3,000 people Between 1 January 2011 and 1 January 2015 the number of people living in so- live in so-called called other households, which include people registered at addresses of various authorities and organisations (the most often social work centres) but not living other households. there, more than doubled. The group includes the homeless. There were altogether 3,000 such persons in 80 such households. One in six residents In 2015, 1.9% of residents of Slovenia were living in institutional and other in municipalities households, 30% of them in Ljubljana (more than 11,000 or two thirds in student residences). In 86 municipalities (of 212) no resident was a member of an institutional Šentrupert and or other household. In ten municipalities at least 5% of the population was living in Hodoš/Hodos lives institutional or other households. in an institutional household. Members of institutional and other households, municipalities, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 Municipalities with at least 5% of residents in institutional or other households, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 residents not living in private households (%) no occurence of event 0.0 - 0.9 1.0 - 2.9 3.0 or more SURS Source: SURS Source: SURS DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... 43 DEFINITIONS Average household size is the ratio between the number of population living in the private households and the number of private households. Average number of children in families is the ratio between the number of children living in families with children and the number of families with children. Consensual union is a long-time community of a man and a woman who are not married to each other. The formal marital status of partners is not important. Extended household is a multi-person family household with at least one person who is not a member of any family in the household. Family (nucleus) is defined as two or more persons who live in the same private household and who are related as: • Parents (both or one) and children who live with them. The age of children is not limited; however, they must not have their own families or live in consensual unions. • A married man and woman. • Partners living in a consensual union. • Same-sex partners. Family household is a household with at least two family members. Household is a group of people living in the same dwelling with the same household number or a resident living alone. Institutional household is a group of people whose accommodation (possibly also subsistence) is provided for by the institution in which they live. Lone-parent family is a type of family comprised of a mother with children or a father with children. Married couple is a type of family comprised of a married couple with or without children. Non-family household is a household where all household members are not family members. A one-person household is also a non-family household. Reconstituted family is a family in which at least one child is not a biological child of both parents. Same-sex partnership is a registered community of two men or two women. Parents family is a type of family comprised by a married couple with children or unmarried couple with children. Type of family is a characteristic of a family regarding the relations between spouses, cohabiting partners, parents and children. Basic types of families are: • Married couple without children. • Married couple with children. • Mother with children. • Father with children. • Unmarried couple without children. • Unmarried couple with children. • Same-sex partnership without children. • Same-sex partnership with children. 44 DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ... ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT + or more (years, members, etc.) % percent SURS Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia SOURCES AND LITERATURE People, Families, Dwellings: 2011 register-based census. (2013). Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Popisni atlas Slovenija 2002. (2007). Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut Antona Melika ZRC SAZU. Demography and social statistics. Population (Households, Families). SI-STAT data portal. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 15 January 2016 from: http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Database/Demographics/Demographics.asp Households and families, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 – final data (30 June 2011). First Release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 15 January 2016 from: http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/mainnavigation/data/show-first-release-old?IdNovice=4029 Households and families, Slovenia, 1 January 2015 – final data (23 September 2015). First Release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 15 January 2016 from: http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/show-news?id=5465&idp=17&headerbar=13 Document Outline DAD, MOM, GRANDPA, GRANDMA ...;Households and Families in Slovenia FOREWORD CONTENTS HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES,1 January 2015 ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLD ONE-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD MULTI-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD CONSENSUAL UNION LONE-PARENT FAMILY EXTENDED FAMILY HOUSEHOLD RECONSTITUTED FAMILY NON-FAMILY, INSTITUTIONAL AND OTHER HOUSEHOLDS DEFINITIONS ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT SOURCES AND LITERATURE