© Author(s) 2020. CC Atribution 4.0 License A new homolid crab, Cherpihomola italica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura), from the Rupelian of the Ligure- Piemontese Basin (Alessandria, northern Italy) Nov homolidni rak Cherpihomola italica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura) iz spodnjeoligocenskih (rupelijskih) plasti Ligursko-piemontskega bazena (Alessandria, severna Italija) Sergio MARANGON1 & Antonio DE ANGELI2 1, 2Museo Civico “G. Zannato”, Piazza Marconi, 17 - 36075, Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), Italy 2Corresponding author: e-mail: antonio.deangeli@alice.it Prejeto / Received 6. 6. 2019; Sprejeto / Accepted 2. 4. 2020; Objavljeno na spletu / Published online 22. 4. 2020 Key words: Homolidae, lower Oligocene, southern Europe, new taxa Ključne besede: Homolidae, spodnji oligocen, južna Evropa, nova vrsta Abstract A new genus and species of homolid from lower Oligocene (Rupelian) strata in the Ligure-Piemontese Basin (northern Italy) is introduced. Cherpihomola italica gen. nov., sp. nov. represents the first record of homolids from Oligocene deposits across Europe and extends the palaeogeographical distribution of extinct homolids. Izvleček V prispevku predstavljamo nov rod in novo vrsto homolidnih rakov iz spodnjeoligocenskih (rupelijskih) plasti v Ligursko-piemontskem bazenu (severna Italija). Cherpihomola italica gen. nov., sp. nov. je prva najdba homolidnih deseteronožcev iz oligocenskih nahajališč v Evropi, kar nam omogoča boljše poznavanje paleogeografske razširjenosti te skupine fosilne rakov. GEOLOGIJA 63/1, 73-81, Ljubljana 2020 https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2020.008 Introduction Studies of decapod crustaceans of the Ligure Piemontese Basin started with Sismonda (1846, 1861), who recorded brachyurans of Miocene age from the Turin hills. Later, Michelotti (1861) and Crema (1895) added material from Miocene and Pliocene deposits in the same area, while Ristori (1889) described new species from the Rupelian of Sassello, Santa Giustina, Fornaci and Dego. Re- cently, Allasinaz (1987), Marangon & De Angeli (1997, 2007), De Angeli & Marangon (2001, 2003a, b), Larghi (2003), Busulini et al. (2014), Pasini & Garassino (2017a, b) and Pasini et al. (2019) de- scribed a number of new species from this area. The carcinological fauna includes the fol- lowing species: Hoploparia sp., Callianassa canavarii Ristori, 1889, Callianassa sp., Pagurus sp., Zygopa galantensis (De Angeli & Marangon, 2001), Alcespina ovadaensis Pasini & Garassi- no, 2017 [= Ranina (Ranina) speciosa, sensu Al- lasinaz, 1987], Lophoranina sp. (= Lophoranina ?aldrovandi, sensu Sismonda, 1861), Calappa de- marcoi Pasini & Garassino, 2017, Stenodromia mainii (Allasinaz, 1987) (as Calappilia), Calap- pilia verrucosa A. Milne-Edwards in Bouillé, 1873, Calappilia vicentina Fabiani, 1910, Mursi- opsis postulosus Ristori, 1889, Cherpiocarcinus rostratus Marangon & De Angeli, 1997, Retroplu- ma sp., Portunus ristorii Karasawa, Schweitzer 74 Sergio MARANGON & Antonio DE ANGELI & Feldmann, 2008 (= P. convexus Ristori, 1888), Coeloma vigil A. Milne-Edwards, 1865, Palaeo- carpilius aquitanicus A. Milne-Edwards, 1862 (= P. macrocheilus, sensu Allasinaz, 1987), Eriphia sp. and Grapsus sp. To this list, we here add Cherpihomola italica n. gen., sp. nov. Geological and stratigraphical setting Lithologically, Rupelian strata in the Ligure Piemontese Basin are characterised by an alter- nation of greyish marls with nodular elements and silt-rich marls, occasionally sandy, resting on the “Formazione di Pianfolco”, which is of Rupelian age. Macrofossils are preserved mainly within pebbles or nodules that were eroded from the highest levels exposed of this sedimentary complex, which is referred to as “Formazione di Molare”. These levels overlie terrestrial units of the “Brecce di Costa Cravara and Pianfolco”, studied by Charrier et al. (1964) and dated as ear- ly Rupelian (see also Gelati & Gnaccolini, 1978; Gnaccolini, 1978). The crab-bearing levels were attributed to the transition between the “For- mazione di Molare” and the overlying “Marne di Rigoroso” by Allasinaz (1987) and to the biozone of the benthic foraminifer Operculina compla- nata (Bianco, 1985; Balossino & Bianco, 1986). Other studies on Oligocene deposits in this area were carried out by Franceschetti (1967), Gela- ti & Gnaccolini (1980) and Fantoni et al. (1983). The palaeoenvironment of the Case Cherpione area documents three Rupelian phases, from a fully terrestrial setting with forests and rivers that transported abundant plant remains (early Rupelian), to a marine, warm-water lagoon with moderate currents and coasts nearby (middle Ru- pelian) and finally, during the late Rupelian, dif- ferent platform conditions, a bathymetric change and a different benthos/plankton ratio which led to the disappearance of the macrofauna (Gelati & Gnaccolini, 1980; Fantoni et al., 1983). The material studied here originates from the top levels of the “Molare Formation” (middle Ru- pelian) at Case Cherpione (Alessandria, northern Italy); it is preserved in nodules of diagenetic or- igin (Fig. 1). Material and methods Two specimens from the middle Rupelian of Case Cherpione (Ovada, Alessandria) are housed in the palaeontological collections of the Museo Civico “G. Zannato”, Montecchio Maggiore, Vi- cenza (abbreviation: MCZ). They are three-di- mensionally preserved; preparation was easy be- cause of the unconsolidated matrix. Dimensions are in millimetres. For higher-level classifica- tion, we follow the recent arrangement proposed by Guinot et al. (2013). Fig. 1. Outcrops of Rupelian strata in Case Cherpione (Alessandria, northeast Italy). 75A new homolid crab, Cherpihomola italica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura), from the Rupelian of the Ligure-... Systematic palaeontology Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802 Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802 Subsection Homoliformia Karasawa, Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2011 Superfamily Homoloidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Family Homolidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Discussion: The superfamily includes the fam- ilies Homolidae, Poupiniidae Guinot, 1991 and Latreillidae Stimpson, 1858 (Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995). The typical features of Recent ho- molids have been outlined in detail by Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995) and Davie et al. (2015), while extinct forms have been discussed by Col- lins (1997), Schweitzer et al. (2010), Nyborg & Ga- rassino (2017) and Garassino et al. (2015, 2019). According to several authors (notably Schweitzer et al., 2010; De Angeli & Alberti, 2012; Garassino et al., 2015; Nyborg & Garassino, 2017 and Garassino et al., 2019), eighteen fossil genera (four also with Recent representatives) should be assigned to the Homolidae, as follows: Cretalamoha Nyborg & Garassino, 2017, Dagnau- dus Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995 (both fossil and Recent), Doerflesia Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2009, Homola Leach, 1815 (both fossil and Re- cent), Homoliformis Collins, Schulz & Jakobsen, 2005, Homolopsis Bell, 1863, Hoplitocarcinus Beurlen, 1928, Latheticocarcinus Bishop, 1988, Lignihomola Collins, 1997, Lindahomola Gar- assino, Weaver, Portell & Vega, 2019, Londinimo- la Collins & Saward, 2006, Nogarhomola De An- geli & Alberti, 2012, Palehomola Rathbun, 1926, Paromola Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Al- cock, 1891 (both fossil and Recent), Paromolop- sis Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 (both fossil and Recent), Peedeehomola Garass- ino, Clements & Vega, 2015, Prohomola Karasa- wa, 1992 and Zygastrocarcinus Bishop, 1983. Genus Cherpihomola gen. nov. Type species: Cherpihomola italica sp. nov. Etymology: The generic name refers to Case Cherpione, the locality which yielded the type specimens. Diagnosis: Carapace longitudinally square in outline, as long as wide; well-developed lin- ea homolica, sinuous in outline, acute rostrum, one pseudorostral spine, one infra-orbital spine, one hepatic spine, one anterolateral spine, two posterolateral spines, regions nearly smooth and slightly raised. Cherpihomola italica sp. nov. Fig. 2; Pl. 1 Material and measurements: Two carapac- es; the holotype is MCZ 5759 (carapace length 17.5 mm; carapace width 16.4 mm); the paratype is MCZ 5760 (carapace length 20.6 mm). Description: Carapace longitudinally square, as long as wide, well-developed linea homolica, sinuous; moderately vaulted transversely, less so longitudinally, lateral sides slanted, nearly sub- vertical; regions smooth well marked by grooves; triangular rostrum not sulcate axially; one pseu- dorostral spine, as long as the rostrum; a short infraorbital spine; anterolateral margin with one prominent subhepatic spine directed outwards; a second short spine is present ventrally, not visi- ble in dorsal view; one prominent anterolateral spine directed outwards present between cervi- cal and branchiocardiac grooves; posterolateral margin with two short spines; posterior margin wide, concave and rimmed; deep cervical groove, convex laterally to epibranchial lobe, strongly inclined between inferior margin of mesogastric region; branchiocardiac groove almost straight proximally, downturned posteriorly to gastric lobe, curved and continuous on branchial region; epigastric lobe defined by pair of tubercles po- sitioned just posterior to pseudorostral spines; Fig. 2. Cherpihomola italica n. gen., n. sp., reconstruction of dorsal carapace (r: rostrum; ps: pseudorostral spine; ifs: infra-orbital spine; hs: subhepatic spine; als: anterolateral spine; pls: posterolateral spine; cg: cervical groove; bcg: branchiocardiac groove). 76 Sergio MARANGON & Antonio DE ANGELI Cherpihomola italica n. gen., sp. nov.; 1a-e: MCZ 5759, holotype; a - dorsal view of carapace; b - lateral view of carapace; c - nodules of diagenetic origin associated with cheliped; d - right propodus; e - ambulatory legs; 2 - MCZ 5760, paratype, dorsal view of carapace. PLATE 1 77A new homolid crab, Cherpihomola italica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura), from the Rupelian of the Ligure-... 1. Latheticocarcinus italicus De Angeli & Ceccon, 2013, holotype; 2. Homola vanzoi Beschin, De Angeli & Zorzin, 2009, ho- lotype, part (a) and counterpart (b); 3. Homola barbata (Fabricius, 1793); 4. Nogarhomola aurorae De Angeli & Alberti, 2012, holotype (a) and paratype (b). PLATE 2 mesogastric lobe marked by smooth grooves lat- erally and well-defined cervical groove posteri- orly; protogastric lobe with two tubercles; narrow mesogastric lobe; triangular cardiac lobe, with three tubercles; long, narrow and smooth intes- tinal lobe, slightly depressed; metabranchial lobe with two small tubercles aligned along linea ho- molica; smooth dorsal surface. Chelae with elon- gate palm with upper and lower margins almost parallel; outer surface of palm densely covered by punctuation, fixed finger about two-thirds of palm, long and straight. Long ambulatory legs, with denticulated upper margin. 78 Sergio MARANGON & Antonio DE ANGELI Discussion: The carapace of this new homol- id is characterised by a well-marked linea ho- molica, acute rostrum, one pseudorostral spine, one infra-orbital spine, one sub-hepatic spine, one anterolateral spine and two posterolateral spines, a deep cervical groove, nearly smooth and slightly raised dorsal regions and a narrow car- diac region, with three tubercles. Although Cher- pihomola gen. nov. shares features of the rostrum and pseudorostral spines with Paromola, the lat- ter has convex lateral margins with numerous spines and tuberculated dorsal regions, delimited by shallow grooves. Paromola is known from six modern and two extinct species, namely Paro- mola vetula Crawford, 2008 from the Paleogene of Río Negro Province (Argentina) and Paromo- la roseburgensis Nyborg & Garassino, 2017 from the Roseburg Formation (lower Oligocene) of Or- egon (USA). The new genus has affinities with Latreillop- sis in showing near-parallel lateral margins, a similar arrangement of the frontal and lateral spines, a near-smooth dorsal surface and a nar- row cardiac region with three tubercles. Howev- er, Latreillopsis has longer pseudorostral spines and one or more accessory spines in the rostrum, an epibranchial margin without a spine, while the posterolateral margin has a single robust spine. Of other Cenozoic genera, Prohomola has densely tuberculated dorsal regions and deep cervical and branchiocardiac grooves (see Kara- sawa, 1992; Blow & Manning, 1996). Dagnaudus has a triangular, acute rostrum, long pseudor- ostral spines with two accessory spines, lateral margins with spines and tuberculated regions bounded by shallow grooves (see Jenkins, 1977). Nogarhomola has convex lateral margins with spines, a bifid rostrum and dorsal regions with tubercles (De Angeli & Alberti, 2012), while Pale- homola has an oval carapace (larger posteriorly), a long, pointed rostrum that is strongly down- turned, pseudorostral spines that are slightly longer than the rostrum and with two small ba- sal spinules, as well as a large, inflated subhe- patic region, with one large triangular spine and well-developed cervical and branchiocardiac grooves (Nyborg & Garassino, 2017). Fossil homolids from Italy To date, only three genera are known from the fossil record. Homola Leach, 1815 with H. vanzoi Beschin, De Angeli & Zorzin, 2009 pl. 2, figs. 2a-b from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of San Giovanni Ilarione (Verona) and H. barbata (Fabricius, 1793) pl. 2, fig. 3, inhabiting the modern Atlantic Ocean (Portugal) and the Mediterranean Sea and occur- ring as a fossil in the upper Pleistocene (Tyrrhe- nian) of Trumbacà (Reggio Calabria). Lathetico- carcinus italicus De Angeli & Ceccon, 2013 pl. 2, fig. 1 is known from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Monte Magrè (Schio, Vicenza), while Noga- rhomola aurorae De Angeli & Alberti, 2012 pl. 2, figs. 4a-b has been described from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Nogarole Vicentino (Vicen- za) (Beschin et al., 2009; Garassino et al., 2010; De Angeli & Alberti, 2012; De Angeli & Ceccon, 2013). The new genus and species erected herein represents the first record of homolid crabs from Oligocene strata in Europe, thus enlarging their palaeogeographical distribution. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Viviana Frisone (Museo Civico “G. Zannato”, Montecchio Maggiore, Vicenza) for making specimens available for study, and Àlex Ossó (Terragona, Catalonia), Alessandro Garassino (Research Adjunct, Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, USA), and John W.M. 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