Razprave ill gradivo, Ljubljalla, 1998, st. 33 UVODNIK Posebej sem vesel, da prvic kat direktor Instituta za narodnoslna vprasanja ob kan- cu leta 1998 lahko z nekaj besedami pospremim n. pot novo - ie triintrideseto - stevil- ko nase revije. Razprave ill gradivo - Revija za lIarodnostnQ vprasQnja se je uveljavila kot osrednja nacionalna znanstvena revija za podraeje etnicnih studij, poleg tega pa vse veeji pomen dobiva tudi v mednarodnih okvirih. V reviji namree poleg slovenskih be- sedil objavljamo tudi vse vee prispevkov v tujih jezikih (angleseini, italijanseini , madzarseini, nemseini, itd.), ki jih dobimo od svojih sodelavcev in vrhunskih strakovn- jakov na posameznih podraejih. Poleg tega smo uveljavili prakso, da objavljamo slov- enske in angleske povzetke vseh prispevkov. Vse to naj bi nasa revijo balj priblizalo tudi strokovni javnosti v lujini. Ne nazadnje kaze opozoriti, da revijo navajajo in pov- zemajo tudi v zgodovinskih povzetkih (Historical Abstracts), prizadevali pa si bomo, da bi jo vkljucili v politoloske in socioloske povzetke (Political Science Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts) ter tudi v indeks citatov na podroeju druiboslovnih znanosti (Social Science Citation Index). Pray zato pri urejanju revije strago uveljavljamo strak- ovne in kakovostne kriterije, ki jih zagot.vlja ustrezen recenzijski postopek. Stem poslopoma tudi dvigamo kvaliteto nase revije . Vse vecji znanstveni in strokovni interes za Razprave in gradivo kazejo tudi izmenjave drugimi - zlasti lujimi - revijami, saj zdaj nasa revijo v okviru izmenjav posiljamo skoraj 70 partnerjem doma in v tujini. Ceprav revija tradicionalno ze od svojega zacetka izhaja enkrat letno, upamo, da bomo v naslednjih letih - morebiti pray v okviru proslavljanja 75 letnice instituta leta 2000 - zaeeli revijo izdajati dvakrat letno. Polletn. in morebiti kdaj v prihodnosti celo cetrtletna dinamika izdajanja revije bi namrec v vecji meri omogocala, da bi revija sproti (od)reagirala na aktualna dogajanja in trende doma in v svetu, kar bi verjetno tudi povecalo interes za to revijo pri sirsi javnosti. Razmisljali smo tudi 0 tern , da bi v tern primeru revijo izrnenicno izdajali v slovenskem in v tujem jeziku ter jo tako se bolj priblizali tako dornaCi kot tuji javnosti. Stem bi na eni strani omogocil i in zagotovi li razvoj slovenske strokovne, raziskovalne in znanstvene terminologije ter s posamezni- mi prevodi tujih prispevkov priblizali posamezne problematike tudi ti stim zai nteresi- ranim br.lcem, ki besedil v tujih jezikih - iz t.ksnega ali drugaenega razloga - ne prebirajo. Na drugi strani bi stevilke revije v tujem jeziku, v kalerih bi poleg tujih strokovnjakov s svojimi prispevki sodelovali tudi slovenski avtorji, prispevale, da bi se slovenska straka in znanost na podroeju etnienih studij se bolj vklju~ila v mednarodne tokove in se uveljavila v svetu. V obeh primerih pa bomo nadaljevali prakso, da bomo objavili povzetke vseh objavljenih prispevkov v slovenskem in angleskem jeziku, v primeru, da bo izvirni jezik prispevka kaksen drug, pa tudi v izvirnem jeziku. Vsebinsko uredniske politike revije Razprave ill gradivo ne bomo bistveno sprem- injali, bomo pa jo dograjevali upostevaje razvoj etnienih in manjsinskih studij v svetu. Tudi v bodoee bomo tako v nasi reviji objavljali zanimive in kvalitetne prispevke domaeih in tujih strokovnjakov, ki se lotevajo razlicnih tematik iz sirokega in raznolikega podrocja etnicni h in manjsinskih studij. PrJ tern je poglavitno merilo za selekcijo kvaliteta 2 Uvodllik posameznih za objavo ponujenih prispevkov, ki jo bode kot recenzenti preverjali pov- abljeni ugledni tuji in domaei strokovnjaki za razliena podroeja in vprasanja. V reviji bode sicer prevladovali znanstveni prispevki, bomo pa vanjo (vsaj obeasno) vkljucevali tudi zanimiva poroeila in preglede ter aktualna razmiSljanja in poglede posameznikov- »praklikov,« ki se z razlicnimi vprasanji srecujejo in ukvarjajo pri svojem vsakdanjem delll (praksi). Upamo, da se bo revija uveljavila tudi kot prostor za razprave in po- lemike 0 posameznih (aktualnih) tematikah, v katerih bode sodelovali tako domaei kot tuji avtorji tertako prispevali k razjasnitvi posameznih odprtih vprasanj in k uspesnejsem razvoju etnicnih in manjsinskih studij leT proucevanja narodnega vprasanja. se naprej bomo pri snovanju posameznih stevilk posebno pazornast narnenili tudi predstavitvi dejavnosti, raziskovalnih in znanstvenih rezultatov Instituta za narodnostna vprasanja tel' tistim temam, ki so za nas institut in za Siovenijo posebej zanimive in pomembne. Nikakor narnret oe zelimo pozabiti, da je, kat sem to ze poudaril, revija Razprave in gradivo hkrati tudi osrednja nacionalna revija za podrocje etnicnih in manjsinskih studij, ki mora ustrezno mesto in pozomost narneniti tudi proucevanju slovenskega narodnega vprasanja v vseh njegovih razseznostih. Zato si mora uredniski odbor revije prizade- vali, da bo od sodelavcev Instituta za narodnostna vprasanja - taka tistih, ki so na institutu zaposleni, kot tudi tistih domacih in tujih strokovnjakov. ki z institutom stalno ali obcasno sodelujejo - za vsako stevilko zagotovil nekaj kvalitetnih prispevkov, ki bode obravnavali navedene tematike. Tokratna stevilka revije ni Ie zelo obsezna, ampak je tudi vsebinsko bogata in razno- lika, kar pokaze ze bezen pogled na kazalo. Taka zasnova in struktura revije - na svoj nacin - odrazata sirino, raznolikost in bogastvo etnicnih in manjsinskih studij v Slov- eniji in v svetu. Raznolikost se kaze tudi v razlicnem pristopu avtorjev k obravnavani tematiki, saj poleg znanstvenih prispevkov v reviji najdemo tudi bolj aktllalne prispe- vke, med katerimi so zelo zanimiva poroeila in razmiSljanja nekdanjega diplomata. Vse to potrjuje ze prej opredeljeno llrednisko politiko nase revije. Naj svoj uvodnik koncam z nekaj besedami 0 Institutu za narodnostna vprasanja v njegovem stiriinsedemdesetem letu obstaja in dclovanja. V letu 1999 se bode inten- zivno zacele priprave na obelezevanje petinsedemdesetega jubileja nasega instituta, poleg tega pa moramo na podlagi bogate tradicije in dosezenih uspehov zasnovati strate- gijo razvoja instituta v navem tisocletju. Nastanek slovenske drzave ter dogajanja v svetu in dinamicen razvoj ob koncu dvajsetega stolelja predstavljajo velik izziv tudi za etnicne in manjsinske studije in za proucevanjc narodnega vprasanja na vseh ravneh. Poleg tradicionalnih tem in pristopov se vsak dan pojavljajo nove teme in problemi, ki jih strokovnjaki spremljajo in proucujejo z razlicnih zornih kotov in na razliene nacine. Vse bolj se kaze, da je za kvalitetno in uspesno proucevanje (med)etnienih odnosov in manjsinske problematike nujno potrebno pritegniti vrsto znanstvenih - druzboslovnih in vse pogosteje tudi naravoslovnih 1 - disciplin. poleg vecdisciplinarnega pa se vse bolj uveljavljajo tudi interdisciplinarni pristopi (ki se najpogosteje kazejo v tem, da v posameznih raziskovalnih skupinah sodelujejo strokovnjaki iz razlicnih ved in podroeij). To bo pogojevalo tudi kadrovski razvoj instituta v naslednjih letih. Ceprav se bo Institut I Med tistimi znanstvenimi vedami in discipiinami ter podro~ji. brez kalerih si sodobnih etni~nih in manj~inskih ~ tudij tt!r proucevanja narodnt!ga vpra~anja sploh ni vei: mogoce predslavljali. kate (po abecednem vrstnem redu. ki ne pomeni rangiranja giedc na pomembnost) v drutbosiovju omeniti antropoiogijo. demografijo. ekonomijo. kuhurologijo, politoiogijo, pruvo, sociaino psihoiogijo. socioiingvistiko, sociologijo, upravo in upravijanje (management). urbanizem. ild .. v humanistiki etnoiogijo. geografijo. jezikosiovje. zgodovino. ild .. v naravosiovju pa bioiogijo. geneliko. medici no. itd . Razprave in gradivo, Ljubljana, 1998, Sl. 33 3 za narodnostna vprasanja moral prilagoditi temu razvoju. pa mora upostevaje naciona- Ine interese slovenske drz.3ve kat osrednja nacionalna raziskovalna institucija na podrocju etnicnih in manjsinskih studij lef proucevanja slovenskega narodnega vprasanja ohran- jati in razvijati tudi »tradicionalna« raziskovalna podrocja in tern alike; zlasti mora paziti, da pokriva vsa tista obmocja (ozemlja, teritorij) in vse lisle skupnosti, ki tvorijo »enoten slovenski kulturni prostor« v vsej njegovi raznolikosti in razseznosti. Zato, da bi institut lahko 10 svojo nalogo uspesno opravljal, je potrebno zagotoviti zadostno, stabilno in dolgorocno financiranje teh njegovih raziskovalnih dejavnosti . Na drugi strani pa bo moral Institut za narodnostna vprasanja poskrbeti, da bo izpolnjeval vse formalne pogoje, in da bodo njegovi raziskovalni projekti tudi v bodoce dobivali pozitivne in najvisje Qeene strokovnjakov in strokovne javnosti ter (formalno dolocenih) recenzentov v okvi- ru forrnalnega preverjanja kvalitete raziskovalnega dela. V tern okviru rnorarno posebno pozomost narneniti boljsemu seznanjanju strokovne in sirse javnosti z delom in razisk- ovalnimi rezultati instituta. To poleg nadaljnjega (ze predstavljenega) razvoja revije Razprave in gradivo najprej pomeni siritev in razvoj publicisti~ne dejavnosti instituta (serija monografij in studij, v okviru katere bi vsako leto izslo nekaj naslovov in ki bi postoporna lahko prerasla v zalozho), zlasti pa moramo zagotoviti redno in zaznavno prisotnost instituta in njegove dejavnosti v (javnih) medijih (posebej se na radiu in televiziji) ter na svetovnem spletu (kjer nas ze lahko obiscete na nasem naslovu: http:// www.inv.si). Upamo, da bo pomemben prispevek k razvoju in uveJjavJjanju Instituta za narod- nostna vprasanja tudi !ie v bodoce prispevaJa pray nasa revija. Taka upamo, da bomo v reviji strokovni in sirsi javnosti uspesno predstavljali dogajanja in razvoj na podrocju etnicnih in manjsinskih studij in proucevanja narodnega vprasanja v svetu in pri nas . Pray zato nacrtujemo, da bomo v prihodnje na nasi domaci strani na svetovnem spletu poleg kazala revije objavili tudi vsaj del prispevkov, ki bode taka dastapni najsirsi javnasti. dr. Mitja Zagar 4 Introduction INTRODUCTION It is my great pleasure to have the opportunity to announce, for the first time as director of the In stitute for Ethnic Studies (IES), the new, thirty-third issue of our jour- nal. Treatises alld Documents - Journal of Ethnic Studies has already gained the repu- tation of the central national sc ientific journal in the field of ethnic studies; moreover, its international significance is increasing. Apan from bringing texts in Slovene, every issue brings more articles in foreign languages (English, Italian , Hungarian, German, etc.), written by our researchers and leading experts in individual fields . We have also established the practice of publishing Slovene and English summaries of all articles. The purpose of all this is to bring our journal closer to professional public abroad. Last but not least it should also be pointed out that Treatises and Documents are regularly cited and abstracted in Historical Abstracts, and that we will strive for the journal to be also included into Political Science Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts as well as the Social Science Citation Index. Our editorial work is based on strict professional and quality criteria, guaranteed by adequate procedure of reviewing. Thus, the quality of OUf journal is gradually improving. The ever increasing scientific and professional in- terest in Treatises alld Documents is after all also reflected in ample exchange with (mostly) foreign magazines; presently we are sending it to some 70 partners in Slovenia and abroad. Although our journal has always been published once a year only, we hope that in future - perhaps at the occasion of the 75 lh anniversary of the IES in the year 2000 - we will be able to start issuing it twice a year. Two or perhaps (sometime in future) even four annual issues would offer a greater possibility for the journal to react more accu· rately upon current trends and events at home and abroad. No doubt, this would have a positive impact upon the general interest in the Treatises alld Documents, Moreover, we are considering the possibility to start publi shing it in Slovene and foreign language alternately, which would bring it even closer to domestic and foreign readers. On the one hand, this would provide for the progress of the Slovene expert, research and sciet- ific terminology; besides, readers who cannot read texts in foreign languages would thus be able to read translated articles dealing with interesting topics. On the other hand, issues published entirely in foreign language would no doubt contribute to the world-wide promotion of the Slovene expertise and science in the field of ethnic stud· ies . In both cases we will continue with the practice of publishing summaries of all articles in Slovene and English languages ; with articles written in other original lan- guages, summaries in those languages will also be added. Regarding the contents, Treatises alld Documents will not be undergoing any essen· tial changes in future; however, our editorial policy will continually be updated with respect to the development of ethnic and minority studies throughout the world. We will also continue with the publishing of relevant and quality articles of Slovene and foreign authors dealing with different topics from the wide and diverse spectrum of - Razprave ill gradivo. Ljubljana. 1998, st. 33 5 ethnic and minority studies. The decisive criterion for selection wi1l be the quality of submitted anicles, verified by invited reviewers, renowned foreign and domestic ex- perts in specitic fields (see Notes for contributing authors. Although articles with scien- tific contents will prevail. the journal will (at least occasionally) also bring relevant repons, surveys and currently interesting views of individuals - ))practitioners«, who are dealing with these issues in their everyday work (practice). We hope that our journal will gain ground as the place. open to polemics and discussions on topical issues. in which domestic and foreign authors will participate, thus contributing to the elucida- tion of some open questions. as well as to the promotion of ethnic, minority and nation- al question studies. Special attention will also be given to the presentation of activities, research and scientific results of the IES, as well as to all those topics, which are specif- ically relevant and significant for our Institute and Slovenia in general. Namely, we must not forget that. as already mentioned, Treatises and Documents is the central national journal for ethnic and minority studies; as such it ought to assure special status and attention to the study of Slovene national question in all its dimensions. Thus, with every issue, the editorial board should strive to provide at least a few quality articles dealing with the mentioned topics, either as contributions from the Institute's staff or from its permanent and occasional collaborators. A mere glance at the contents proves that this issue is not just very voluminous, bUl also diverse and rich in contents. Such a concept and structure of the journal reflect, in their own way, the heterogeneousness and wealth of ethnic and minority studies in Slovenia and abroad. This diversity is also reflected in authors' different approaches to topics. Apart from strictly scientific articles, the journal also brings other relevant con- tributions, among them some highly interesting reports and reflections of a former dip- lomat. All this contirms the above defined editorial policy of our journal. I would like to end my introduction with a few words about the Institute for Ethnic Studies in its seventy-fourth year of existence. In the year 1999 intensive preparations for the celebration of its 7Sh ann iversary will start; moreover, a new strategy of the Institute's development in the third millenium should be devised, proceeding from its rich tradition and significant achievements. The emergence of the Slovene state, global world changes and dynamic development in the last decades of the 20" century are great challenges for ethnic and minority studies at all levels. Apart from traditional themes and approaches, new topics and problems are arising every day. and experts study them from different viewpoints and in different ways. It is becoming increasingly evident that a quality and successful research of (inter)ethnic relations and minority problems calls for a co-operation of a number of scientific disciplines. 1 Apart from the multidisciplinary approach, interdisciplinary approaches (where experts in different sciences and tields co-operate in individual research groups) are becoming increasingly important as well. This will also affect the In stitute's human resource management policy over the next few years. Although the Institute for Ethnic Studies will have to adapt to these trends in future, its status of the central national research institution in the field of ethnic and minority studies demands that it provides for the preservation I The followin g sciences and discipllnes (listed in alphabetical order. irrespective of their importance) are absolutely essential for the study of contemporary ethnic and minority studies: administration and manage- ment. amhropology. demography. economics. law. political science, social psychology. socio-linguistics, so- ciology, sociology of culture, urbanism. etc. in social sciences; ethnology, geography, hislOry, linguistics, etc. in the hu manities: biology, genetics. medicine. etc. in natural sciences. 6 Introduction and promotion of the »traditional« research fields and topics: moreover. it should pay special attention to all those regions (territories) and communities representing the »Slov- ene cultural spacc« in all its diversity and width. However, for the Institute to be able to carry out all these tasks successfully. sufficient, s table and long-term financing of its research activities should be assured. On the other hand, the Institute will have to com- ply with all formal conditions, which means that in future its research projects will have to receive positive and highest evaluations from experts, public and (formally appointed) reviewers. In this context, special attention will be given to a more efficient conveying of our work results to experts and pUblic. Apart from the (already described) future changes concerning Treatises and Documents, this means a continuous expan- sion and development of the Institute's publishing activities (a series of monographs with a small number of titles coming out regularly. could in time grow into a publishing house), It is especially important that we provide for a regular and perceivable pres- e nce of the Institute and its activities in (public) media (especialJy radio and TV). and in the World Wide Web (our address there: http://www.inv.s i). We hope that our journal will continue to provide a major contribution to the pro- motion of the Ins titute for Ethnic Studies. We also hope for quality and aocurate presen- tations of the current trends in the field of ethnic and minority studies in Slovenia and abroad. That is why we are planning to expand our home page on the World Wide Web; apart from present contents, it will include at least some articles, published in the latest issue, thus making them accessible to everyone interested. Dr. Mitja Zagar