110 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. Spominski park Kragujevški oktober • Šumarice pri Kragujevcu, Srbija • Arhitekta: Mihajlo Mitrović, Radivoj Tomić • Krajinski arhitekt: Smiljan Klaić • Kiparji: Miodrag Živković, Ante Gržetić, Nebojša Delja, Jelica Bosnić, Gradimir Bosnić, Nandor Glid, Vojin Bakić, Jovan Soldatović • Material: beton, kamen, kovina, opeka • Status: varstvo zavoda za zaščito kulturnih spomenikov • Fotografije: Relja Ivanić • Besedilo: Ljiljana Miletić Abramović Memorial park Kragujevački oktobar • Šumarice near Kragujevac, Serbia • Architects: Mihajlo Mitrović, Radivoj Tomić • Landscape architect: Smiljan Klaić • Sculptors: Miodrag Živković, Ante Gržetić, Nebojša Delja, Jelica Bosnić, Gradimir Bosnić, Nandor Glid, Vojin Bakić, Jovan Soldatović • Material: concrete, stone, metal, brick • Status: The complex is under protection by Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments • Photographs: Relja Ivanić • Text: Ljiljana Miletić Abramović 08_ ŠUMARICE, KRAGUJEVAC, 1963 Mihajlo Mitrović, Radivoj Tomić, Smiljan Klaić, Miodrag Živković, Ante Gržetić, Nebojša Delja, Jelica Bosnić, Gradimir Bosnić, Nandor Glid, Vojin Bakić, Jovan Soldatović SRB 111arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Spominski park v Kragujevcu je bil zasnovan leta 1953 v spomin na več tisoč nedolžnih Kragujevčanov, ki so jih med drugo svetovno vojno v enem dnevu, 21. oktobra 1941, ustrelile nemške okupacijske sile. Med talci je bilo tudi tristo dija- kov in njihovih profesorjev. Spominski park leži na mestu ustrelitve talcev, na po- vršini 352 hektarjev. Tu je trideset množičnih grobišč. Spomenike med seboj pove- zuje sedem kilometrov dolga pot. Prostor spominskega parka je zasnovan po ur- banistično-arhitekturnem projektu arhitektov Mihajla Mitrovića in Radivoja To- mića ter krajinskega arhitekta Smiljana Klaića. V kompleksu stoji sedem kiparsko -arhitekturnih del (od tridesetih prvotno načrtovanih), ki so jih zasnovali ugledni jugoslovanski kiparji. Spomenik Prekinjeni let, delo kiparja Miodraga Živkovića, ki je bil postavljen leta 1963 na mestu ustrelitve večje skupine dijakov in profesorjev in jim je posvečen, je postal prepoznavni simbol Šumaric in mesta Kragujevac. V devetdesetih letih so spominski park obogatili še s tremi kiparskimi deli. Ob vhodu v spominski park je muzej »21. oktober«, zgrajen za zbiranje, obdelavo, hrambo in predstavitev dokumentov, povezanih s tem tragičnim zgodovinskim dogodkom. Avtorja muzejske stavbe sta arhitekta Ivan Antić in Ivanka Raspopović. Muzej je bil svečano odprt 15. februarja 1976 v prisotnosti predsednika Jugoslavije Josipa Bro- za - Tita. Stavba je arhitekturni spomenik z vrsto asociacij in simbolnih pomenov. Leta 2003 je bila v muzeju odprta nova stalna postavitev. O omenjenih tragičnih dogodkih so posneli dva filma: V-3 (1962) v režiji Milenka Štrbca in Krvava pravljica (1969) v režiji Branimirja Torija Jankovića. Istoimenska pesem, Krvava pravljica, pesnice Desanke Maksimović je bila v povojni Jugoslaviji obvezno šolsko čtivo. Od leta 1971 poleg spomenika, posvečenega dijakom in profesorjem, vsako leto po- teka velika spominska slovesnost, imenovana Velika šolska ura. Ob tem se zvrstijo tudi številni drugi likovni in umetniški dogodki. Spominski park v Kragujevcu je bil 27. decembra 1979 razglašen za kulturni spomenik izjemnega pomena. Ves čas je skrbno vzdrževan in je danes v dobrem stanju. October memorial park in Kragujevac was designed in 1953 in memory of sev- eral thousand innocent inhabitants of Kragujevac, who were executed in a single day, 21st October 1941, by the Nazi occupying forces during World War 2. Among the victims, there were also three hundred pupils and their teachers. The memo- rial park is laid out on the site of the execution of the victims, in an area of 352 ha. Thirty mass graves are found at the site. The monuments are connected by a 7 km long trail. The space of the memorial park was designed as laid out in the urban- ist-architectural project by architects Mihajlo Mitrović and Radivoj Tomić, and landscape architect Smiljan Klaić. Seven sculptural-architectural works by re- nowned Yugoslav sculptors were installed in the complex, out of the thirty ini- tially planned. Monument “Prekinut let” (“Interrupted Flight”), a work by sculptor Miodrag Živković, is dedicated to the executed pupils and teachers and was in- stalled in 1963 on the site of the execution of a large group of pupils and teachers. It became a recognisable symbol of Šumarice and the city of Kragujevac. In the 1990s, three more sculptural works were added to the memorial park. At the entrance to the memorial park, museum “21st October” was built for gathering, processing, conserving, and displaying documents connected with this tragic his- torical event. The museum building was designed by architects Ivan Antić and Ivanka Raspopović. The grand opening was held on 15th February 1976 and at- tended by Josip Broz Tito, the then-President of Yugoslavia. The building is an ar- chitectural monument with a series of associations and symbolic meanings. In 2003, a new permanent collection was unveiled. Two films were made based on the tragic execution of the pupils, Prozvan je i V-3 (Roll Call for Class V-3, 1962) directed by Milenko Štrbac, and Krvava bajka (A Bloody Fairytale, 1969) directed by Branimir Tori Janković. Poem with the same title, “A Bloody Fairytale” by poet Desanka Maksimović, was mandatory school reading in post-war Yugoslavia. An- nually from 1971, a grand commemoration entitled “Veliki školski čas” (“The Great School Period”) has been held at the monument in remembrance of the pupils and teachers, accompanied by numerous art exhibitions and other artistic events. On 27th December 1979, October memorial park in Kragujevac was de- clared a cultural monument of special importance. Throughout the decades, it was well maintained and today finds itself in a good state of repair.