Foraminiferal suborder Robertinina from the Badenian of Kozjansko (Eastern Slovenia)
Foraminiferni podred Robertinina iz badenija na Kozjanskem (vzhodna Slovenija)
Katarina Oblak1
1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology, Privoz 11, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-mail: katarina.oblak@ntf.uni-lj.si
Received: September 5, 2007	Accepted: October 18, 2007
Abstract: In this study, two Badenian foraminiferal species of the suborder Robertinina from Kozjansko (Eastern Slovenia) are presented. Both species Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) and Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) occur frequently in samples from the Lower to Upper Badenian (Middle Miocene). The occurrence of C. contraria in the Upper Badenian indicates a wider stratigraphic range for the Central Paratethys than was previously recognized. This species has not been determined from Middle Miocene strata of Slovenia before this work. H. elegans is already known from the Middle Miocene of Slovenia, but in this paper specimens are described, imaged and classified for the first time.
Povzetek: V prispevku sta predstavljeni dve badenijski foraminiferni vrsti iz po-dreda Robertinina s Kozjanskega (vzhodna Slovenija). Obe vrsti, Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) in Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny), sta številčno zastopani v vzorcih od spodnjega do zgornjega badenija (srednji miocen). Pojav vrste C. contraria v zgornjebadenijskih plasteh kaže na njen širši stratigrafski razpon kot je bil za območje Centralne Paratetide poznan doslej. V srednjemiocenskih sedimentih Slovenije vrsta še ni bila določena. Vrsta H. elegans je iz srednjega miocena Slovenije sicer že poznana, vendar je v prispevku prvič opisana, upodobljena in uvrščena v sistem.
Key words: Foraminifera, Robertinina, Badenian, Miocene, Central Paratethys
Ključne besede: foraminifere, Robertinina, badenij, miocen, Centralna Paratet-ida
Introduction
The suborder Robertinina Loeblich & Tappan , 1984 is the last of twelve suborders described in the foraminiferal classification of Loeblich & Tappan (1987). The suborder is defined by the following characteristics; planispirally to trochospi-rally-enrolled tests, chambers commonly with internal partition and hyaline perforate wall composed of ultrastructurally and optically radiate aragonite (Loeblich & Tappan, 1984). With the exception of the extinct suborder Involutinina, which died out during the Mesozoic, all other hyaline foraminifera have tests formed of calcite. According to the foraminiferal classification of Loeblich and Tappan (1987), the suborder Robertinina includes 48 genera, ranging from the Upper Triassic to Holo-cene. From the Middle Miocene, six genera are recognized globally, and only four have been noted in European sediments: Ceratobulimina Toula, 1915, Lamarckina (Berthelin, 1881), Hoeglundina Brotzen, 1948 and Robertina d'Orbigny, 1846. Due to its relatively low species diversity in the Middle Miocene deposits, the suborder Robertinina represents a less frequent mentioned foraminiferal taxon in the literature.
In Slovenia, foraminifera of the suborder Robertinina are poorly represented in sedimentary sequences. In Miocene sediments, only the species Hoeglundina elegans has been identified. It is noted as Hoeglundina elegans or Epistomina elegans from the Lower Egerian of the Laško syncline (Dozet et al., 1999), from the Upper Egerian of the Laško syncline (Dozet et al., 1999) and Planina syncline (petrica et al., 1995, Dozet et al., 1999), from the Lower Badenian of Dravinjske gorice (Ri-javec, 1975), from the Middle Badenian of the Laško syncline (Rijavec, 1976 in 1984) and Planina syncline (Rijavec, 1977), and from the Upper Badenian of the Laško syn-cline (Rijavec, 1976 in 1984). The species hasn't been described, imaged and classified further in a system previously. The species Ceratobulimina contraria hasn't been determined in any other previous research in Slovenia.
In Kozjansko, robertininas were studied from six sections. The investigated area belongs to the Planina syncline, the westernmost margin of the Central Paratethys (Buser, 1977, 1979, Aničič & Juriša 1984, Aničič & Juriša 1985, Aničič et al., 2004).
Material and methods
Robertininas of Kozjansko were studied from six sections of the Planina syncline; Imenska Gorca, Plohov breg, Javoršica, Sveta Ana and Trobni Dol on the northern flank and Drensko Rebro on the south-
ern flank (Oblak, 2006). One hundred and twenty-eight samples of Badenian marl and marly calcarenite were studied. Samples range from the Lower Badenian Lower Lagenidae Zone to the Upper Badenian Virgulinella pertusa Zone (Figure 1, Oblak, 2006). 187 species were deter-
mined and classified into seven foraminiferal suborders. The suborder Robertinina is represented by two species: Ceratobu-limina contraria (Reuss) and Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny). Although the preser-
vation is poor due to aragonitic composition, the characteristic appearance of both species allows accurate identification of specimens.
Results and discussion
Taxonomy of Foraminifera
(according to Loeblich&Tappan, 1987)
Ordo Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1830 Subordo Robertinina Loeblich & Tappan, 1984 Superfamilia Ceratobuliminacea Cushman, 1927 Familia Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927 Subfamilia Ceratobulimininae Cushman, 1927 Genus Ceratobulimina Toula, 1915
Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss, 1851) (Plate 1, figs. 1-8)
1851 Rotalina contraria - Reuss, 76, Taf. V, Fig. 37a-c.
1969 Ceratobulimina (Ceratobulimina) contraria (Reuss) - Langer, 62, Abb. 12b-c, Taf. 3, Fig. 15.
1975 Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) - Popescu, 105, pl. XC, Figs. 2a-b. 1982 Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) - Dondi & Barbieri, tav. XLIII, Fig. 2. 1987 Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) - Loeblich & Tappan, pl. 473, Figs. 9-13. 1995 Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) - Yassini & Jones, 142, Figs. 960-961. 1998 Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) - Gcha et al., 89, pl. 29, Figs. 9-10.
Plate 1. Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss, 1851). Fig. 1: Spiral side; J 33, Fig. 2: Spiral side; J 33, Fig. 3: Spiral side; J 33, Fig. 4: Umbilical side; J 33, Fig. 5: Umbilical side; J 33, Fig. 6: Umbilical side; J 27, Fig. 7: Side view; J 33, Fig. 8: Aperture; J 32. Scale bar represents 100 ^m.
Tabla 1. Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss, 1851). Sl. 1: Spiralna stran; J 33, Sl. 2: Spiralna stran; J 33, Sl. 3: Spiralna stran; J 33, Sl. 4: Umbilikalna stran; J 33, Sl. 5: Umbilikalna stran; J 33, Sl. 6: Umbilikalna stran; J 27, Sl. 7: Pogled s strani; J 33, Sl. 8: Ustje; J 32. Merilce predstavlja 100 ^m.
Material: Rare to numerous tests from 15 samples (Figure 1).
Description: Test consists of trochospi-rally arranged chambers. It is ovate in outline. Spiral side is slightly convex. Sutures are curved on the spiral side and straight on the umbilical side. Umbilicus is deep. Periphery is broadly rounded. Surface is very smooth and finely perforate. Aperture is in a shape of a narrow loop, running vertically along the apertural face. Wall is ara-gonitic (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987).
Remark: Preservation of tests is poor. In the study of Grunig (1985), specimens are similar to mine by shape but differ in low slitlike aperture that characterize the genus Ceratocancris. Considering this, the species is cited as Ceratocancris contraria.
Size: Test height is 0.38 - 0.45 mm, broadness 0.27 - 0.34 mm and thickness 0.2 mm.
Occurrence: The species was first described from the Oligocene of Germany
(remark: in 1851, the geological period Oligocene hasn't been assigned yet so these strata were determined as of Eocene age). In Germany, it is known from the Oligocene (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987) and the Middle Miocene (Langer, 1969), in Denmark from the Oligocene (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987) and in Italy from the Upper Oligocene to the Serravallian, maybe also to the Tortonian; it is most common in the Serravallian (Dondi & Barbieri, 1982: identified from samples collected in the Po Valley).
The species is extant; it is noted from the South Pacific (Y assini & Jones, 1995). In the Central Paratethys, it appears from the Upper Eocene to the end of the Middle Badenian, its appearance in the Ottnan-gian and Karpatian is not certain (Qcha et al., 1998). In Hungary, it is known from the Lower Egerian (sztrAkos, 1979) and in Romania from the Miocene (popescu, 1975).
Familia Epistominidae Wedekind, 1937 Subfamilia Epistomininae Wedekind, 1937 Genus Hoeglundina Brotzen, 1948
Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny, 1826) (Plate 2, Figs. 1-5)
1826 Rotalia (Turbinulina) elegans - d'Orbigny, 110.
1959	Epistomina elegans (d'Orbigny) - Dieci, 81, tav. VI, Fig. 31.
1960	Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - Barker, 216, pl. 105, Figs. 3-6. 1975 Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - popescu, 106, pl. XC, Figs. 3a-c. 1982 Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - Dondi & Barbieri, tav. XLI, Fig. 10. 1985 Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - papp & schmid, 59, Taf. 49, Fig. 1-6.
1991 Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - Oimerman & Langer, 56, pl. 59, Figs. 10-12. 1998 Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - Oicha et al., 108, pl. 29, Figs. 19-21. 1998 Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) - Robertson, 114, pl. 44, Figs. 2a-e.
Plate 2. Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny, 1826). Fig. 1: Spiral side; Dr 17, Fig. 2: Spiral side; J 32, Fig. 3: Umbilical side; Dr 17, Fig. 4: Side view; Dr 17, Fig. 5: Side view; J 32. Scale bar represents 100 pm.
Tabla 2. Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny, 1826). Sl. 1: Spiralna stran; Dr 17, Sl. 2: Spiralna stran; J 32, Sl. 3: Umbilikalna stran; Dr 17, Sl. 4: Pogled s strani; Dr 17, Sl. 5: Pogled s strani; J 32. Merilce predstavlja 100 pm.
Material: Rare to numerous tests from 16 samples (Figure 1).
Description: Test is trochospiral and biconvex. Sutures are thickened. They are curved backward on the spiral side, and straight and oblique on the umbilical side. Periphery is subacute. Surface is smooth and finely perforate. Slitlike aperture is lat-eromarginal. Wall is aragonitic (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987).
Size: Test diameter is 0.42 - 0.52 mm and thickness 0.25 mm.
Remark: Preservation of tests is poor.
Occurrence: There are no data about the type locality and type level by the first description (d'Orbigny, 1826). In Italy, the species is known from the Middle Eocene to Pleistocene, it is very frequent in the Upper Pliocene (Dondi & Barbieri, 1982: Po Valley, Dieci, 1959: Tortonian, Pliocene). In Middle America, it is known from the Upper Eocene (Bolli et al., 1994), Miocene and Pliocene (Robertson, 1998), in California, from the Pleistocene (Robertson, 1998), in Australia, from the Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene (Li & McGowran, 2000), in the India Ocean from the Pliocene and Pleistocene (Basov & Krasheninnikov, 1995), and in the Atlantic from the Pleistocene (Levy et al., 1998).
The species is extant; it is known from the Atlantic (Barker, 1960), Pacific (Dieci, 1959, Yassini & Jones, 1995) and Mediterranean (Dieci, 1959, Cimerman & Langer, 1991, Sgarrella & Moncharmont Zei, 1993).
In the Central Paratethys, it appears from the Upper Eocene to the end of the Bade-
nian (Cicha et al., 1998). It is most frequent in the Karpatian and Badenian (Cicha et al., 1971). In Austria, it is known from the Upper Eocene (Gohrbandt, 1961) and Karpatian (Rogl, 1969), and in Bavaria, from the Kiscellian to Ottnangian (Reiser, 1987: Lower Rupelian - Lower Egerian, Wenger, 1987: Upper Egerian -Lower Ottnangian).
Remark: In the literature that discusses Paleogene sedimentary sequences (Eocene of Italy: Grunig (1985), Eocene of Slovenia: Cimerman et al. (2006), Lower Egerian of Hungary: Sztrakos (1979)), morphologically similar tests have been determined as the species Hoeglundina eo-cenica (Cushman & Hanna). In the study of Braga & Grunig (1975), the specimens noted as H. elegans from the Oligocene of Belgium are identified in the synonymy of the species H. eocenica from the Eocene of Italy. There are three possible interpretations of the citied literature above. That the species H. elegans ranges from the Eocene to Holocene, while the morphologically similar H. eocenica is restricted to the Pa-leogene only, where the two very similar species were coexistent. Alternatively, H. eocenica (Paleogene) and H. elegans (Neogene) may be chronologically distinct species; in this case identification of H. elegans in Paleogene strata would represent a false identification of H. eocenica. It is also possible that both names are only synonyms of one species, ranging from the Eocene to Holocene. Further comparative study of specimens from the Paleogene and Neogene is required to determine the relationship between both species.
Distribution of robertininas in sections
Species Ceratobulimina contraria and Hoeglundina elegans were found in all six sections (Figure 1). C. contraria appears in 15 samples from the Lower Badenian (Lower Lagenidae Zone) to Upper Badenian (Bolivina dilatata Zone). In Plohov breg and Sveta Ana sections, it is delimited to the Lower Badenian; in the early Lower Badenian (Lower Lagenidae Zone) it was found only in the sample Sa 17m of the Sveta Ana section, while in the late Lower Badenian (Upper Lagenidae Zone) it becomes more common in both sections.
In other four sections: Imenska Gorca, Javorsica, Trobni Dol and Drensko Rebro, the species appears in the Middle and Upper Badenian only. The highest abundance is seen in the Upper Badenian sample J 33. H. elegans appears in 16 samples from the Lower Badenian Upper Lagenidae Zone to Upper Badenian Bolivina dilatata Zone. It is more common in the Middle and Upper Badenian with highest abundances being seen in Middle Badenian samples Td 3 and Dr 17. In sections Imenska Gorca, Javorsica, Trobni Dol and Drensko Rebro, the co-occurrence of both species is noted.
Conclusions
In Kozjansko (Eastern Slovenia), the fora-miniferal suborder Robertinina is represented with two species; Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) and Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny). Both species were found in samples from the Lower to Upper Badenian. They are scarce in the Early Lower Badenian (Lower Lagenidae Zone) but increased abundance is noted in the Middle and Upper Badenian. Highest abundances are seen in the late Middle Badenian (Uvi-gerina cf. pygmea Zone) and in the early Upper Badenian (Bolivina dilatata Zone).
Due to their occurrence throughout whole sections the species have little stratigraph-ic value for the Badenian, which coincides with previous studies of the Central Parat-ethys (Cicha et al., 1998). Moreover, occurrence of the species Ceratobulimina contraria in Upper Badenian samples points to its even wider stratigraphic range; the last appearance data of the species is moved from the Middle Badenian (Cicha et al., 1998) to early Upper Badenian (this study). Both species are described, imaged, classified and represented by their exact occurrence through the sections for the first time in Slovenia.
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J 31	«mptt c onlWUPU roliHUnffBf O * • rare, frequent, numerous CkraloiuSmmci contr&tif O * • rare, frequent. iiiMietoui ffoiglwdina efcga»!
Figure 1. Frequence distribution of robertininas in the sections (after Oblak, 2006); samples are listed in stratigraphic sequence
Slika 1. Pojavljanje robertinin v profilih (po Oblak, 2006); vzorci si sledijo v stratigrafskem zaporedju
Povzetki
Foraminiferni podred Robertinina iz badenija na Kozjanskem (vzhodna Slovenija)
V	prispevku je predstavljen foraminiferni podred Robertinina iz badenijskih plasti Kozjanskega. Podred Robertinina je bil opisan zadnji izmed dvanajstih foramini-fernih podredov, ki jih zajema foramini-fema klasifikacija Loeblicha in Tappano-ve (1987). Podred vključuje foraminifere s planispiralno do trohospiralno zavitimi hišicami, večinoma notranje predeljeni-mi kamricami in steklasto porozno steno, zgrajeno iz strukturno in optično žarkovi-tega aragonita (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987). Stene hišic vseh preostalih steklastih fora-minifer, z izjemo v mezozoiku izumrlega podreda Involutinina, so namreč kalcitne.
V	podred Robertinina je po omenjeni klasifikaciji (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987) uvrščenih 48 rodov, s stratigrafskim razponom od zgornjega triasa do danes. Iz srednjega miocena je poznanih šest rodov, od tega v Evropi le štirje; Ceratobulimina Toula, 1915, Lamarckina (Berthelin, 1881), Hoeglundina Brotzen, 1948 in Robertina d'Orbigny, 1846. Glede na relativno majhno vrstno diverziteto v srednjemiocenskih sedimentih je podred Robertinina kot ta-kson v literaturi manj poznan. V Sloveniji je bila iz miocenskih plasti doslej določena le vrsta Hoeglundina elegans (Rijavec, 1975, 1976, 1977 in 1984, Petrica et al., 1995, Dozet et al., 1999).
Na Kozjanskem je bilo vzorčenih šest profilov; Imenska Gorca, Plohov breg, Javor-šica, Sveta Ana, Trobni Dol in Drensko Rebro (Oblak, 2006), ki pripadajo Planinski sinklinali, oziroma zahodnemu obrobju nekdanje Centralne Paratetide (Buser, 1977& 1979, Aničič & Juriša 1984, Aničič & Juriša 1985, Aničič et al., 2004). Iz 128 vzorcev laporja in laporastega kalkarenita je bilo določenih 187 foraminifernih vrst iz sedmih podredov. Red Robertinina je zastopan z vrstama Ceratobulimina contraria (Reuss) in Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) in se pojavlja v vseh šestih profilih (slika 1). C. contraria je prisotna v vzorcih od starejšega spodnjega badenija (spodnja lagenidna biocona) do starejšega zgornjega badenija (biocona Bolivina di-latata), medtem ko se pojavlja H. elegans od mlajšega spodnjega badenija (zgornja lagenidna biocona) dalje. Obe vrsti sta najpogostejši v mlajšem srednjem badeniju (biocona Uvigerina cf. pygmea) in starejšem zgornjem badeniju (biocona Bolivina dilatata), kjer je opazen tudi trend skupnega pojavljanja.
Prisotnost C. contraria v zgornjebade-nijskih vzorcih kaže na širši stratigrafski razpon kot je bil za območje Centralne Paratetide poznan doslej. Glede na dosedanje raziskave naj bi živela vrsta na tem območju namreč le do konca srednjega badenija (Cicha et al., 1998). Iz srednje-miocenskih sedimentov Slovenije vrsta še ni bila poznana. H. elegans, ki je bila iz srednjega miocena Slovenije že določena, je v prispevku prvič opisana, upodobljena in uvrščena v sistem.
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my thanks to Ivan Rakovec Institute of Palaeontology, ZRC SAZU for giving me the possibility to take SEM images.
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