doi:10.14720/aas.2021.117.1.1768
Original research article / izvirni znanstveni članek
Diversity of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with potato crop in Tizi-Ouzou (North of Algeria), with new records
Samia AIT AMAR 1 2 and Karima BENOUFELLA-KITOUS 1
Received July 08, 2020; accepted December 14, 2020. Delo je prispelo 08. julija 2020, sprejeto 14. decembra 2020.
Diversity of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with potato crop in Tizi-Ouzou (North of Algeria), with new records
Abstract: Aphids are among the phytophagous pests that cause serious damage to crop plants. In Northern Algeria, we have little information on their diversity. In this context, the study of the diversity of aphids was carried out in three regions of Tizi-Ouzou (North of Algeria) namely Tizi-Ouzou center, Tizi-Rached and Aghribs on the potato crop using yellow traps. The results showed a total richness of 65 aphid species, divided into 36 genera, 9 tribes and 8 sub-families, of which 11 species were identified for the first time in Algeria. These are Aphis coreopsidis (Thomas, 1878), Capitophorus hippophae (Walker, 1852), Cavariella theobaldi (Gillette & Bragg, 1918), Hyada-phis coriandri (B. Das, 1918), Macrosiphoniella linariae (Koch, 1855), Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, 1983, Myzus hemerocal-lis Takahashi, 1921, Pseudoregma panicola (Takahashi, 1921), Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae (Koch, 1854), Schizaphis eastopi Van Harten & Ilharco, 1971 and Ovatus inulae (Walker, 1849). The field located in the center of Tizi-Ouzou is the richest with 55 species, followed by the field of Tizi-Rached with 30 species, and 24 species have been recorded in Aghribs. During the sampling season, Hyperomyzus lactucae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) are the most abundant species with 24.44 % and 21.8 % respectively. Three aphid species have been observed on potato leaves, namely Macro-siphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Aphisgossypii Glover, 1877 and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776). The latter species was observed in all three study regions.
Key words: aphids; diversity; potato; new species
Pestrost listnih uši (Hemiptera: Aphididae) v nasadih krompirja na območju Tizi-Ouzou (Severna Alžirija) z novimi najdbami
Izvleček: Listne uši so med rastlinojedimi škodljivci tisti, ki lahko povzročijo občutne poškodbe na gojenih rastlinah. V severni Alžiriji je o njihovi pestrosti malo znanega. Z ozirom na to je bila izvedena raziskava pestrosti listnih uši na treh območjih Tizi-Ouzou Severne Alžirije in sicer v središču območja Tizi-Ouzou, in na območjih Tizi-Rached in Aghribs v nasadih krompirja z uporabo rumenih pasti. Izsledki so pokazali, da je celokupna pestrost obsegala 65 vrst listnih uši, ki so pripadale 36 rodovom, 9 plemenom in 8 poddružinam, od katerih je bilo 11 vrst novih za Alžirijo. Te vrste so bile Aphis coreopsidis (Thomas, 1878), Capitophorus hippophae (Walker, 1852), Cavariella theobaldi (Gillette & Bragg, 1918), Hyadaphis coriandri (B. Das, 1918), Macrosiphoniella linariae (Koch, 1855), Mo-nelliopsis pecanis Bissell, 1983, Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi, 1921, Pseudoregma panicola (Takahashi, 1921), Rhopalosipho-ninus staphyleae (Koch, 1854), Schizaphis eastopi Van Harten & Ilharco, 1971 in Ovatus inulae (Walker, 1849).Polje v središču območja Tizi-Ouzou je vrstno najbogatejše s 55 vrstami, sledi mu polje na območju Tizi-Rached s 30 vrstami in območje Aghribs s 24 vrstami. Med vzorčenjem sta bili vrsti Hyperomyzus lactucae (Linnaeus, 1758) in Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) najpogostejši s 24,44 % in 21,8 % deležem. Na listih krompirja so bile opažene tri vrste listnih uši in sicer Macrosip-hum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 in Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), slednja je bila opažena ns vseh treh območjih.
Ključne besede: listne uši; pestrost; krompir; nove vrste
1	University of Mouloud Mammeri, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, Animal and Plant Biology Department, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria, Laboratory of Production, Improvement and Protection of Plants
2	Corresponding author, e-mail: samia.aitamar@ummto.dz
Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 117/1, ???-?B?, Ljubljana 2021
S. AIT AMAR and K. BENOUFELLA-KITOUS
1 INTRODUCTION
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), is one of the main food resources in the world. It remains the most consumed vegetable or field crop (Brillaud, 2008; Mar-choux, 2008). This crop is subject to many pests, including aphids, they are small sap-sucking insects. The direct damage is caused by these pests to the crop by sap sucking, thus reducing the resources available for growth and development of the plant (Blackman and Eastop, 2000; 2006). However, the most significant damage is caused indirectly by plant pathogenic viruses transmitted by aphids. Myzus persicae Sulzer, for example, is known to be a vector of more than 100 plant viruses (Blackman and Eastop, 2000) including Potato Virus Y (PVY), Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) or Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) (Lin et al., 2016; Shi et al., 2016).
Aphids are very widespread, more than 4700 species have been recorded in the world (Remaudiere and Remaudiere, 1997), among them about 450 aphid species have been identified as pests of cultivated plants (Blackman and Eastop, 2000). At least 220 species have been recorded in sub-Saharan Africa (Autrique and Ntahimpera, 1994). One hundred fifty species have been identified in Morocco (Sekkat, 2015). Aphids in Tunisia are represented by one hundred and three species (Bodenheimer and Swirsky, 1957; Blackman and Eastop, 1994; 2000, 2006; Ben Halima-Kamel, 1991, 1995; Ben Halima Kamel and Ben Hamouda, 1993, 1998, 2004, 2005; Boukhris-Bouhachem et al. 1996; Boukhris-Bouhachem et al., 2007). Ninety nine species are recorded from Egypt (Theobald, 1922; Habib and El Kady, 1961; Darwish, 2009), seventy-three species are listed from Libya (Trotter, 1912; 1914; Damiano, 1961;
1962; Blackman and Eastop, 1994; Ahmeid Al-Nagar, 2000; Ahmeid Al-Najar and Nieto Nefrya, 1998).
The Algerian aphid fauna is known partly (Black-man and Eastop, 1994, 2000, 2006; Laamari and Akkal, 2002; Lamaari et al., 2010, 2013; Hidalgo et al., 2012; Laamari, 2016; Laamari et al., 2016; Benoufella-Kitous et al., 2014a, 2014b, 2016, 2019). In Tizi-Ouzou, we have very little data on aphid diversity (Benoufella-Kitous et al., 2014a, 2014b, 2016, 2019). Hence the objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity and abundance of aphids in three potato fields in Tizi-Ouzou region (Northern Algeria).
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 THE STUDY REGION
This study was carried out in three localities of Tizi-Ouzou (Fig.1) in open field potato crops: The first, Resita variety, was planted on March 03rd, 2013, over an area of 3000 m2 is located in Tizi-Ouzou Center (36 ° 43' 00" N and 4 ° 03' 00" E) at 200 m altitude. The second, Fabula variety, was planted on December 27th, 2016, on an area of 300 m2 is located in Tizi Rached (36 ° 40' N and 4 ° 11' E) at 412 m altitude and the third, Timate variety, was planted on February 23th, 2017, on an area of 250 m2 is located in Aghribs (36 ° 48' 08" N, 4 ° 19' 22" E) at an altitude of 800 m.
The fields were sampled during the period from April 2nd to June 18th, 2013 for the Resita variety, from February 13th to May 8th, 2017 for the Fabula variety and from April 1st to June 3rd, 2017 for the Timate variety. The experimental protocol followed for the trapping of winged aphids and the visual control of aphids is that
Figure 1: Map of Tizi-Ouzou region and location of study sites, (A) Map of Algeria showing the study region, (B) the study region 2 Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 117/1 - 2021
Diversity of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with potato crop in Tizi-Ouzou (North of Algeria), with new records
described by Atesebeha et al. (2009). Two methods were combined for monitoring aphidofauna.
2.2 TRAPPING OF WINGED APHIDS
To do this, the study field was divided into 9 blocks. In the middle of each block, a yellow Von Moerik trap (0 = 27 cm, h = 10 cm) was placed, filled with water and a few drops of detergent (dishwashing liquid). The attraction of aphids to the yellow color has been known for long time. This color tends to cause these insects to land (Yat-tara et al., 2013). The contents of the container are necessary for optimum yield (EDES, 2011). Aphids caught in the yellow traps were removed once a week with a brush and stored in test tubes filled with 70 % ethanol.
2.3 VISUAL OBSERVATION OF APHIDS ON POTATO LEAVES
Once a week, in each block of the field, one plant was chosen and the aphids found on the potato leaves were collected in a tube filled with 70 % ethanol, using a brush. Aphids trapped and taken from the plants are sorted and then identified up to the species level. According to Lascaux (2010), the identification of aphids was carried out by observing some morphological characters of the aphid, in particular: the antennae, the frontal tubercles, the tarsi, the cauda, the color and the shape of the sphinculi, the pigmentation of the abdomen and venation of the wings. The samples collected were determined by Dr. Benoufella-Kitous at the Plant Production, Improvement and Protection Laboratory of the Faculty of Biological Sciences and Agronomic Sciences at Mou-loud Mammeri University in Tizi-Ouzou. The identification was carried out based on the identification keys of Stroyan (1961), Jacky and Bouchery (1982), Autrique and Ntahimpera (1994), Remaudiere et al. (1985) and Leclant (1999) and Blackman and Eastop, (2000; 2006).
3 RESULTS
During the study, 2144 aphids were collected from all three regions (Table 1). More than two thirds of the catches (73.27 %) were made in Tizi-Ouzou. A total of 65 species were caught using yellow traps, divided into 36 genera, 9 tribes and 8 subfamilies: Aphidinae, Anoe-ciinae, Calaphidinae, Chaitophorinae, Eriosomatinae, Hormaphidinae, Myzocallidinae, and Pterocommatinae, 11 species are new to Algeria.
The Aphidinae subfamily is predominant with 2
tribes, that of Aphidini and that of Macrosiphini. The latter is the richest with 39 species. Tizi-Ouzou centre is the richest in species with 55 species, divided into 32 genera, 7 tribes and 5 subfamilies, namely the Aphidinae, Anoeciinae, Calaphidinae, Eriosomatinae and Myzocal-lidinae. Followed by Tizi Rached station, with 30 species belonging to three subfamilies, namely Aphidinae, Chaitophorinae and Eriosomatinae. Besides, 24 species were recorded at Aghribs belonging to 4 subfamilies, those of Aphidinae, Eriosomatinae, Hormaphidinae, and Pterocommatinae. Considering all stations, the most abundant species during the sampling season are: Hy-peromyzus lactucae (24.44 %), Brachycaudus helichrysi (21.8 %), Macrosiphum rosae (19.93 %) and Myzus per-sicae (13.11 %).
On the other hand, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aphis gossypii and M. persicae, were observed on potato leaves. The last two species develop in all potato fields. M. eu-phorbiae was the most observed in Tizi-Ouzou centre. In Aghribs, M. persicae was the most abundant, while in Tizi Rached, A. gossypii was the most abundant (Table 2).
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW SPECIES
3.1.1	Aphis coreopsidis
Apterae are yellow to green with darker legs, antennae and siphunculi. The abdomen has marginal scleritis (Blackman and Eastop, 2020). The siphunculi are black, relatively long and thick the cauda is clear and narrow
3.1.2	Capitophorus hippophae
In spring the apterae colonies are pale green, slender. The alatae are greyish-green with a black head and thorax, dark antennae, legs and siphunculi and a a large quadrate dark green patch on the dorsal abdomen (Black-man and Eastop, 2020). Their primary host are species from the genus Polygonum , and the secondary host are species from the same genus (Remaudiere et al., 1985).
3.1.3	Hyadaphis coriandri
The alatea are yellow-green in color, dusted with greyish wax. They have short, dusky, slightly swollen, siphunculi. that are about twice as long as wide (Hal-bert, 2003). This species colonizes Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. (Hydrocotylaceae), Anethum sp. Coriandrum sativum L., Daucus sp. Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Peucedanum sp.
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Table 1:Proportions and relative wealth of aphids trapped in potato fields, the nomenclature of all species is follows that of orders in Fauna Europaea (2020)
Aphid species
Tizi-Ouzou Centre
Aghribs
Tizi Rached
Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776)	0.76*
Anoecia corni (Fabricius, 1775)	0.13
Aphis coreopsidis (Thomas,1878)	-
Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854	7.51
Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763	9.70
Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877	6.87
Aphis idaei van der Goot, 1912	3.63
Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841	2.36
Aphis pseudocardui Theobald, 1915	-
Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914	0.95
Aphis sp.	0.20
Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, 1843	1.78
Brachycaudus cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)	0.57
Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843)	1.65
Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)	2.23
Capitophorus hippophae (Walker, 1852)1	0.13
Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763)	0.25
Cavariella pastinacae (Linnaeus, 1758)	0.20
Cavariella theobaldi (Gillette & Bragg, 1918)1	0.13
Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov, 1913)	0.20
Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini, 1860)	4.39
Dysaphis tulipae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)	0.20
Dysaphis apiifolia (Theobald, 1923)	0.13
Dysaphis foeniculus (Theobald, 1923)	-
Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hartig, 1839)	0.13
Hyadaphis coriandri (B. Das, 1918)1	0.95
Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini, 1860)	0.57
Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762)	0.32
Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald, 1915)	0.20
Hyperomyzus lactucae (Linnaeus, 1758)	6.17
Hyperomyzus picridis (Börner & Blunck, 1916)	0.13
Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843)	0.95
Macrosiphoniella linariae (Koch, 1855)1	2.74
Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878)	3.69
Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati, 1885)	-
Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758)	1.72
Megoura viciae Buckton, 1876	1.25
Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849)	0.06
Metopolophium festucae Theobald, 1917	-
Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, 19831	0.13
Myzocallis castanicola Baker, 1917	0.20
2.6 11.8 16.41
0.7 0.7 1.1
1.52 3
21.8 1.14
1.14 5.58
1.5
6.4
1.14
0.76
1.14
8.77
3.1
0.32
4.2 8.04 6.8
1
1.61
1.3 0.32 2.6 1.61 2.3 0.32
0.32
0.64 1
24.44
0.64
4
0.4 19.93
0 .4
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Diversity of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with potato crop in Tizi-Ouzou (North of Algeria), with new records
Continued
Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster, 1946	2.04	-	-
Myzus cerasi (Fabricius, 1775)	0.51	-	-
Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi, 19211	0.13	-	-
Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776	13.11	3.1	9.00
Myzus sp.	-	-	0.32
Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841)	0.45	-	0.32
Ovatus crataegarius (Walker, 1850)	-	-	0.32
Ovatus inulae (Walker, 1849)1	0.13	-	-
Pemphigus sp.	1.85	0.3	1.3
Phorodon humuli (Schrank, 1801)	0.45	-	-
Pseudoregma panicola (Takahashi, 1921)1	-	0.7	-
Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker, 1849)	0.13	-	-
Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856)	8.30	-	4.50
Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758)	7.38	6.10	1.4
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki, 1899)	0.64	-	-
Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae (Koch, 1854)1	0.06	-	-
Schizaphis eastopi Van Harten & Ilharco,19711	0.06	-	-
Schizaphis rotundiventris (Signoret, 1860)	0.20	-	-
Sipha maydis Passerini, 1860	-	-	0.4
Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775)	0.38	-	-
Sitobion fragariae (Walker, 1848)	0.70	-	-
Smynthurodes betae Westwood, 1849	0.20	0.7	-
Takecallis taiwana (Takahashi, 1926)	0.10	-	-
Uroleucon sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767)	-	-	0.64
Number of aphid individuals	1571	262	311
Number of species	55	24	30
*The proportions are expressed in percentage. 'Species reported for the first time in Algeria.
Table 2: Proportion and relative abundance of species observed in the three potato fields
Species	Tizi-Ouzou Centre		Aghribs		Tizi Rached	
	Aphidsa	Frequency	Aphids a	Frequency	Aphids a	Frequency
A. gossypii	492	16 %	64	25.4 %	403	67.3 %
M. euphorbiae	2438	78 %	-	-	133	22.2 %
M. persicae	196	6 %	188	74.60 %	63	10.5 %
Total	3126	100 %	252	100 %	599	100 %
a: number of aphids.
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Pituranthos sp. Steganotaenia sp. (Umbelliferae) (Remaudiere et al., 1985).
3.1.4 Myzus hemerocallis
Apterae are pale yellowish green or greenish, they measure between 1.6 and 2.4 mm (Blackman and Eastop, 2020). They attack basal parts of Hemerocallis spp. and Agapanthus umbelatus. L'Herit.
3.1.5	Pseudoregma panicola
Apterae are brownish black or dark brownish red-violet, secreting columns of dense white ; the adults measure between 1,1 and 1,9 mm (Blackman and Eastop, 2020). This species colonize underside of bambou leaves Arundinaria alpina K. Schum. (Remaudiere et al., 1985).
3.1.6	Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae
In spring, the Apterae on Staphylea are yellowish-white or pale yellow with a translucent whitish spot on anterior part of dorsal (Blackman and Eastop, 2020). This species lives on Viola tricolor L. (Violaceae).
3.1.7	Schizaphis eastopi
The abdomen is devoid of pigmentation, siphunculi are black, cylindrical with apical constriction. The cauda is clear, small than the siphunculi. This species lives on Typha domingensis Pers., Typha angustifolia L. and Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E. Br. (Typhaceae) (Remaudiere et al., 1985).
4 DISCUSSIONS
Based on the trapping results of winged aphids caught using yellow traps installed in three potato fields in the Tizi-Ouzou region, 65 species were identified, after comparison of our results and those of Laamari et al. (2010; 2013), 11 species are new for Algeria, 27 species were collected in Tizi-Ouzou in Draa Ben Khedda on the bean (Benoufella-Kitous et al., 2014a). Benoufella-Kitous et al. (2014b) affirmed the presence of 28 species on citrus fruits in Oued-Aissi (Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria). On the food legumes, 55 species have been recorded in Tala Amara (Tizi-Ouzou) (Benoufella-Kitous et al., 2016) and 43 species in Tizi Rached (Benoufella-Kitous et al., 2019).
Most of these aphid species are pests of cultivated plants, including M. persicae, an effective vector, especially of potato viruses. The difference in the specific richness of one region to another can be explained by the difference in the floristic composition which has a direct influence on the aphid richness. Among the plant species recorded in large numbers in the study stations: Pic-ris echioides L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Solanum nigrum L., Malva sylvestris L. and Aven asterilis L. which can host up to 20 aphidian species (Laamari et al., 2010; Moussadegh et al., 2016).
B. helichrysi is the most abundant species in Aghribs with 21.8 %. This abundance can be explained by the presence of its primary host plant: thevine crop. The secondary host of this species is represented by the Astera-ceae (sow-thistle, lettuce), where it is found in colonies of several individuals living inside of the leaves, sometimes in mixed colonies with Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hulle et al., 1999). In Tizi-Ouzou centre, M. persicae is the most dominant with 206 individuals with a frequency of 13.11 %. Similar results have been noted in China by Lopes et al. (2012). These authors highlighted the predominance of this aphid over other captured species. Also in Mali, Yattara et al. (2013), report the presence of this species with 21.2 % on potato. This dominance is explained by the presence of its primary host: the peach tree Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, and also its secondary host which is the potato.
The species A. coreopsidis was reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia by Hussain et al. (2015), in spring this species has a several secondary hosts such as Com-positae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae and Lamiaceae family (Blackman and Eastop, 2020), and several species of these families are found around the field of Tizi Rached. C. hippophae has as secondary host Polygonaceae such as Polygonum persicaria L. (Forbes and Chan, 1985). The presence of R. staphyleae in the Tizi-Ouzou centre is probably due to the presence of flowering plants and also weeds belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family which are secondary hosts of this aphid.
Three species of aphids are found on potato leaves, namely M. euphorbiae, A. gossypii and M. persicae. According to Hulle et al. (1999), the latter three species are characteristic of this crop. M. persicae is reported by Laamari and Akkal (2002) in Setif (Algeria). Laamari (2004), in the Guellal region of Biskra (Algeria), notes the presence of M. euphorbiae and M. persicae on a potato crop. In Kati and Sikasso (Mali), Yattara et al. (2013) highlights the presence of A. gossypii and M. persicae on this crop for three consecutive years. Lopes et al. (2012) report the presence of the latter two species on potato in China. The difference between the abundance of the three species observed on the leaves of potato crops in all fields, could
8 Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 117/1 - 2021
Diversity of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associated with potato crop in Tizi-Ouzou (North of Algeria), with new records
be due to the arrival order of the winged adults, and could be to the competition phenomenon, the aphids can respond differently when they are feeding on the same plant. This dietary variation is related to the capacity of aphid species to encourage the plant to produce a richer diet, especially on amino acid (Telang et al., 1999).
5	CONCLUSION
This preliminary study, which focuses on the diversity of aphids associated with potato crop in three localities of the Tizi-Ouzou region (North of Algeria), has shown the existence of 65 species, which 11 species are reported for the first time in Algeria. The presence of aphids and their diversity is favored by the presence of their host plant. In the three study fields several weeds and fruit trees are present, this would explain the abundance of these pests within these fields. Therefore, it would be interesting to continue several studies in different regions, in order to identify the host plants of each aphid species. The identification of their host constitutes an important scientific database in order to contribute to the establishment of an aphid list with trophic relationships (aphid-host plant).
6	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and their insightful and constructive critiques.
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