ACTA CARSOLOGICA	34/1	10	169-210	LJUBLJANA 2005
COBISS: 1.01
TERRESTRIAL FAUNA FROM CAVITIES IN NORTHERN
AND CENTRAL SLOVENIA, AND A REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICALLY ECOLOGICALLY INVESTIGATED
CAVITIES
KOPENSKA FAVNA VOTLIN SEVERNE IN OSREDNJE SLOVENIJE TER PREGLED SISTEMATIČNO EKOLOŠKO RAZISKANIH VOTLIN
TONE NOVAK1
In memory of Jože Bole, Jovan Hadži, Zora Karaman, Zachiu Matic, Narcis Mršic, Josef Nosek, Anton Polenec, Egon Pretner, Karl Strasser, and Petr Us.
1 Department of Biology, University of Marbor, Koroška 160, SI-2000 MARIBOR, SLOVENIA, e-mail: tone.novak@uni-mb.si
Abstract	UDC: 591.521(497.4):574.4
Tone Novak: Terrestrial Fauna from Cavities in Northern and Central Slovenia, and a review of systematically ecologically investigated cavities
In the years 1977-2001, the fauna of and ecological conditions in 55 cavities - caves and artificial tunnels - in northern and central Slovenia were systematically investigated. Zoogeographically, this is the meeting point of the Alpine, Pannonian and Dinaric biome. This article lists 321 terrestrial genera, 456 species and 100 subspecies belonging to 183 families, that had been recorded by 2005 in cavities of this region in the course of our own investigations, and that have been cited in the references. This taxonomical review serves as a foundation for understanding ecological and other treatise on the terrestrial fauna in the hypogean habitats of northern and central Slovenia, those that have been published ones, as well as those in preparation. The overview of the systematically investigated cavities, and the review of the methods and techniques used has been added to provide general information about the morphology of these caves, and the ecological research within them. Key words: artificial tunnels, bibliographic review, caves, cavities, ecological research, faunal review, northern and central Slovenia, terrestrial fauna.
Izvleček	UDK: 591.521(497.4):574.4
Tone Novak: Kopenska favna votlin severne in osrednje Slovenije ter pregled sistematično ekološko raziskanih votlin
V letih 1977-2001 smo sistematsko raziskovali kopensko favno in ekološke razmere v 55 votlinah - jamah in izkopanih rovih - severne in osrednje Slovenije. Zoogeografsko je to ozemlje na stičišču alpskega, panonskega in deloma dinarskega bioma. V članku je pregled 321 rodov, 456 vrst in 100 podvrst živali iz 183 družin, ki so bile do leta 2005 najdene v votlinah tega območja med lastnimi raziskavami ter po podatkih iz citirane literature. Taksonomski pregled je osnova in opora za razumevanje ekoloških ter drugih razprav o kopenski favni v podzemeljskih habitatih severne in osrednje Slovenije, ki so že objavljene in ki jih pripravljamo. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene votline, v katerih so potekale sistematske ekološke raziskave, ter naštete uporabljene metode in tehnike, s čimer je omogočen vpogled v morfologijo ekološko raziskanih votlin ter metode raziskovanja. Ključne besede: bibliografski pregled, ekološke raziskave, favnistični pregled, jame, kopensko živalstvo, izkopani rovi, votline, severna in osrednja Slovenija.
INTRODUCTION
In 1977, systematic ecological investigation of caves and artificial tunnels started in Slovenia (Novak & Kuštor, 1977). Between the years 1977 and 2001, investigations were carried out in 55 caves and artificial tunnels of northern and central Slovenia (the UTM codes UM, VM and WM). This area shares parts of the Alpine, Pannonian and Dinaric biomes. By 1988 (Novak, 1988, 1989), 312 genera, 422 species and 23 subspecies of terrestrial taxa found in these and other cavities in the region had been recorded. Since then, further taxa have been found in cavities within the region, and some new ones have been described, therefore a complete list is now required. At the same time, this faunistic review provides the basic information for ecological considerations relevant to these 55 cavities. The ecological findings have partly been published (Novak et al. 1996, 2004a,b). To enable better understanding of these papers as well those in preparation, diagrame of these cavities - in the case of longer cavities, only of those parts under the investigation - are presented here to show their morphology, and the types of data collected are cited in summary to provide an introduction to the ecological sampling used.
The objectives of this paper are to present
-	a complete list of the terrestrial taxa found in cavities of northern and central Slovenia up to 2005,
-	to present the morphology of and the ecological methodology used within the cavities being investigated,
-	and to provide a bibliographic review of papers, related to the terrestrial fauna in cavities of northern and central Slovenia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The following 55 caves and artificial tunnels in northern and central Slovenia were subject to systematical ecological investigation (Table 1; Figs. 1, 2-No. 1-54; Novak et al., 2004b: Fig. 1-No. 55). Besides general data about the cavity locality, two groups of ecological items were provided during the investigations (Fig. 3). The first group, called constant data, consists of relatively unchangeable cavity characteristics, which were provided only once. The second data group concerns seasonally changeable items, which were obtained on two visits per season made within 45-48 hours. The terrestrial fauna was recorded by systematic observations of the cavity walls, ceiling and floor, by baited pit-fall traps, and desiccation of ground material in Berlese funnels (Novak & Kuštor, 1977). Ecological parameters were measured mostly in accordance with the methods published by Stewart et al. (1974) and Rowell (1997). Details about the methods are presented in accordance with the research topics (e.g. Novak et al., 2004a). For each cavity, and the sampling site within, respectively, the data were typeset as follows.
General data
The Cadaster number of a cave (according to the Slovenian Speleological Society), or the fictive running number of an artificial tunnel, respectively; cavity name; UTM code; co-ordinates of the (main) entrance; altitude of the (main) entrance; azimuth of the (main) entrance; biome, in which the cavity occurs.
Constant data (one record in each cavity/ sampling section within a cavity) The investigated, and the total known length of a cavity; number of entrances; geological type of rock with the cavity; vegetation type above the cavity; date (season) of investigations; polygonal distance of the sampling site from the (nearest) entrance; vertical distance of the sampling site from the surface; the size of the passage cross section; rock consistency and its suface morphology in the cavity; summary size of wall, ceiling and ground area; presence of wall and ceiling fissures and cracks; cavity origin, morphological, hydrological and ventilation type; illumination; length of the illuminated section of the cavity; floor description; weight loss on ignition (~ quantity of organic matter)
Seasonally changing data (four samplings; one each season)
Air temperature and relative humidity; ground temperature, hygricity, pH, carbonate content and colour; wind velocity; faunistic data including the sampling methodology
Most of the material collected from the cavities that were investigated is deposited in the Priro-doslovni muzej Slovenije (Slovene Museum of Natural History) in Ljubljana.
Figure 1: The area in the 10 x 10 km UTM grid, where the cavities were subject to systematical ecologicaly investigation in the years 1977-2001.
Slika 1: Območje v UTM mreži 10 x 10 km s sistematsko ekološko raziskanimi votlinami v letih 1977-2001.
No.	Name	Cad. No.	UTM	X	Y	altitude
1	Ivačičeva jama	2399	VM03	5411950	5137610	2435
2	Jama pri taboru	367	VM42	5441880	5126050	460
3	Stinetova jama	240	VM41	5446720	5116120	395
4	Godova jama	3462	VM40	5442180	5104550	520
5	Babja luknja	35	VM51	5453370	5110310	330
6	Jama 2 na Jurcetovih Percah	2327	VM50	5455390	5106460	408
7	Urhova jama	505	VM62	5462620	5124250	465
8	Lisičja luknja	401	VM61	5462400	5110670	530
9	ZijaJka nasproti Ribče peči	4605	VM74	5471470	5141700	820
10	Rački pekel	465	VM73	5478540	5138520	590
11	Zijalka v Dovji Griči	376	VM72	5474640	5129020	1515
12	Boštonova jama	757	VM71	5475650	5110370	330
13	Ihanšica	46	VM70	5472850	5108450	390
14	Korančevka	2503	VM84	5483610	5148230	1010
15	Zamernikova jama	B2	VM83	5485180	5138324	860
16	Podkrajnikova zijalka	2697	VM82	5483575	5125210	820
17	Lovrišnikova jama	758	VM81	5485060	5111700	480
18	Jama pri Votli peči	3263	VM95	5498160	5155920	400
19	Skobirjeva votlica	3956	VM94	5498450	5146460	940
20	Mozirska jama na Golteh	563	VM93	5492780	5136120	1250
21	Krapljetova jama	484	VM92	5497180	5126780	850
22	Jama v Lipovici	1182	VM91	5491950	5112800	510
23	Brdajsova jama	3497	VM90	5492335	5108125	651
24	Umetni rov v Dravogradu	U1	WM06	5501931	5159942	350
25	Objekt pri Znodru	B1	WM05	5504332	5151680	550
26	Rdečka jama	3488	WM04	5504790	5144860	858
27	Lokoviška jama	3959	WM03	5501500	5135550	400
28	Tanjšekova jama 2	4194	WM02	5506400	5129600	347
29	Jama v Burgi	1091	WM00	5503780	5103780	600
30	Umetni rov v Bistriškem grabnu	U2	WM16	5510125	5166905	480
31	Zapečke peči	3208	WM15	5517200	5155870	610
32	Jama Školjka	3311	WM14	5513720	5141040	552
33	Zgornja Steska jama	169	WM13	5512550	5129850	365
34	Špegličeva jama	3512	WM12	5515350	5128375	400
35	Ocv'irkova jama v Štadlerjevem gozdu	5348	WM11	5514400	5118200	320
36		4706	WM10	5515700	5107360	640
37	Jama pod Herkovimi pečmi	1849	WM26	5520520	5164730	545
38	Jaklova luknja	4636	WM24	5521080	5148540	1000
39	Lindeška jama	2304	WM23	5525150	5134025	550
40	Fantovska luknja 2	3967	WM21	5523900	5117750	480
41	Umetni rov nad Šturmovo grabo	U3	WM36	5535231	5161610	600
42	Jama v kamnolomu pri Suhem	4632	WM31	5530790	5111210	500
43	Glija jama	84	WM30	5534200	5107450	515
44	Jama 2 v Repoluskovih pečinah	4371	WM47	5547450	5170800	480
45	Luknja pri Naceku na Planici	2407	WM44	5543800	5148000	730
46	Jama v kamnolomu nad Studenicami	252	WM42	5547750	5128300	400
47	Rov	U4	WM41	5545980	5112834	270
48	Gruška jama	1374	WM40	5544435	5105500	310
49	Jama pri Pruhu	4380	WM55	5555350	5153250	246
50	Pavlijeva luknja	3142	WM14	5517850	5164125	590
51	Ovčje peklo nad Radljami	3192	WM16	5518550	5164150	520
52	Pilanca	520	WM14	5513600	5141420	646
53	Jama pod južnim vrhom Tisnika	521	WM16	5513400	5141150	725
54	Huda luknja pri Radljah	3191	WM14	5517500	5163900	450
55	Železna jama	2678	VM71	5472450	5110275	340
Table 1: Cavities given a systematic ecological investigation in Tabela 1: Sistematično ekološko raziskane votline v letih 1977-
the years 1977-2001. -2001.
Figure 2: Survey of 54 cavities subject to systematical ecological investigation in the years 19772001 (for cave 55, see Novak et al., 2004b).
Slika 2: Pregled 54 votlin, sistematsko ekološko raziskanih v letih 1977-2001 (za jamo 55 glej Novak et al., 2004b).
^^ Sampling site and cavity part / vzorčevalno mesto in del votline m Site of meteorological measurements / mesto meteoroloških meritev A Mouse trap / mišja past
G1 Deep edaphic sample at -10 cm / globinski edafski vzorec na -10 cm Sampling site above a cavity / vzorčevalno mesto nad votlino
I
Border between sampling parts / meja med vzorčevalnima predeloma
I
Figure 3: General review of ecological sampling in the cavitites. Slika 3: Splošni pregled pridobivanja ekoloških podatkov v votlinah.
RESULTS
The complete checklist of the terrestrial fauna in cavities of northern and central Slovenia (UTM codes UM, VM and WM) represents both data obtained in the systematically investigated caves, as well as that from other caves in the region cited in the literature. In the following review (List 1), 456 species and 99 subspecies of terrestrial animals, belonging to 321 genera of 183 families, are cited.
List 1: Review of fauna recorded in cavities of northern and central Slovenia - UTM codes: UM, VM and WM - up to 2005 (T troglomorphotic taxon, E endemite of Slovenia, c carbonates, n non-carbonates; the determinators of the own collection are added)
Seznam 1: Pregled favne votlin severne in osrednje Slovenije - UTM kvadrati UM, VM in WM - do leta 2005 (T troglomorfozni taksoni, E endemiti Slovenije, c karbonati, n nekarbonati; imenovani so določevalci lastne zbirke)
PROTOZOA not sampled
NEMATODA indet.	c, n
GASTROPODA, alive only (VELKOVRH, F. & J. BOLE det.; lit.) Cochlostomatidae
Cochlostoma s. septemspirale (RAZOUMOVSKY)	c
Pomatiasidae
Pomatias elegans (O.F. MÜLLER)	c
Aciculidae
Acicula stussineri (BÖTGER)	T E c
Clausilidae
Charpentieria ornata (ROSSMÄSSLER)	c
Cochlodina lam^inata MONTAGU	c
Iphigena (Macrogastra) badia (C. PFEIFFER)	c
L plicatula (DRAPARNAUD)	c
Ferussaciidae
Cecilioides acicula (O.F. MÜLLER)	T	c
Zonitidae
Aegopis verticillus (LAMARCK)	c, n
Oxychilus (Riedelius) depressus (STERKI)	n
Oxychilus sp.	c
Arionidae
Arion sp. Limacidae
Lehmannia marginata (O. F. MÜLLER)	c
Limax cinereoniger WOLF	c, n
L. maximus LINNAEUS	c
Helicidae
Campylaea planospira illyrica (STABILE)	c, n
Trichia (Edentiella) edentula (DRAPARNAUD)	c
Trichia sp.			c
Arianta arbustorum (LINNAEUS)			c
Helix pomatia LINNAEUS			c
Carychiidae			
Zospeum a. alpestre FREYER	T	E	c
Z. alpestre bolei SLAPNIK	T	E	c
Z. isselianum (POLONERA)	T		c
Z. amoenum (FRAUENFELD)	T		c
Z. f. frauenfeldi FREYER	T	E	c
Z. f. osolei SLAPNIK	T	E	c
Z. kusceri (A. J. WAGNER)	T	E	c
Z. lautum (FRAUENFELD)	T	E	c
Z. spelaeum. costatum (FREYER)	T	E	c
Z. schmidti (FRAUENFELD)	T	E	c
Pupillidae			
Spelaeodiscus hauffeni (F. SCHMIDT)	T	E	c
Discu^s rotundatus (O.F. MÜLLER)			n
Argnidae			
Argna (Agardhiella) truncatula (PFEIFFER)	T		c
Vitrinidae			
Vitrea sp.			c
OLIGOCHAETA
Enchytraeidae indet. Lumbricidae (MRŠIČ, N. det.; lit.) Allolobophora smaragdina ROSA Dendrobaena octoedra (SAVIGNY)
D.	byblica (ROSA) Eisenia lucens (WAGA)
E.	spelaea (ROSA)
E. t. tetraedra (SAVIGNY)
Proctodrilus a. antipai (MICHAELSEN)
Pannoniona leoni (MICHAELSEN)
Dendrodrilus r. rubidus (SAVIGNY)
D. r. tenuis (EISEN)
Aporrectodea (A.) r. rosea (SAVIGNY)
A. (A.) smaragdina (ROSA)
Octolasion tyrtaeum (ÖRLEY)
Octodrilus transpadanus ROSA
O. meroandricus MRŠIČ
Octodriloides camnensis (BALDASERRONI)
O. zupancici MRŠIČ
Lumbricus castaneus (SAVIGNY)
L. rubellus (HOFFMEISTER)
c, n c n c
c, n
c, n
c, n
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
HIRUDIEA (SKET, B. det.) Diestecostomatidae
Xerobdella lecomptei FRAUENFELD
E
c
ONISCOIDEA (POTOČNIK, F. det.) Ligidiidae
Ligidium germanicum VERHOEFF			c, n
Trichoniscidae			
Androniscus stygius dentatus STROUHAL	T	E	c
A. (A.) subterraneus subterraneus STROUHAL	T		c
A. (A.) s. nodosus STROUHAL	T	E	c, n
A. (Dentigeroniscus) d. dentiger VERHOEFF	T	E	c, n
A. (Roseoniscus) roseus (C. L. KOCH)	T		c
Calconiscellus karawankianus VERHOEFF	T		c, n
Hyloniscus vividus (C. L. KOCH)			c
Trichoniscus (T.) austriacus VERHOEFF			n
T. (T.) stammeri VERHOEFF			c
Porcelionidae			
Porcelium f. fiumanum. VERHOEFF			c
P. f. salisburgense VERHOEFF			c
Protracheoniscus a. amoenus C. L. KOCH			n
P. hernagorensis VERHOEFF			c
Trachelipus r. ratzeburgi (BRANDT)			c
T. razzauti razzauti ARCANGELI			c
Cylisticidae			
Cylisticus convexus (DE GEER)			c
Armadillidiidae
Armadillidium vulgare LATREILLE
SCORPIONES (NOVAK, T. det.) Chactidae
Euscorpius germanus (C. L. KOCH)	c
PSEUDOSCORPIONES (HADŽI, J. det.; lit.) Chthoniidae
Chthonius raridentatus HADŽI	T E c
Neobisiidae (lit.)
Roncus brevimanus (JOSEPH)	T E c
R. (Parablothrus) s. stussineri (SIMON)	T E c
PALPIGRADA Eukoeneniidae
Eukoenenia sp.	T	c
ARANEAE (DEELEMAN-REINHOLD, C. & A. POLENEC det.; lit.) Dysderidae
Dysdera sp.	c
Harpactea lepida (C. L. KOCH)	c
Harpactea sp. n.	c
Segestria senoculata LINNAEUS	c Clubionidae
Anyphaena accentuata (WALCKENÄR)	c
Clubiona pallidula CLERCK	c
C. subtilis L. KOCH	c
C. terrestris WESTRING	c
Liocranum rupicola (WALCKENÄR)	c
Scotina celans (BLACKWALL)	c Agelenidae
Cicurina cicurea (FABRICIUS)	c
Coelotes inermis (L. KOCH)	c, n
C. solitarius L. KOCH	c
Cybaeus angustiarum L. KOCH	n
C. tetricus (C. L. KOCH)	c, n
Histopona luxurians (KULCZYNSKI)	c, n
H. torpida (C. L. KOCH)	c, n
Tegenaria cf. ferruginea (PANZER)	c
T. parietina (FOURCROY)	c
T. silvestris L. KOCH	c, n
T. tridentin^a L. KOCH	c
Tetrilus macrophthalmus (KULCZYNSKI)	c
Tetrix sp.	c Nesticidae
Nesticus cellulanus CLERCK	c, n
N. idriacus ROEWER	c Theridiidae
Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. L. KOCH)	n
Enoplognatha ovata (CLERCK)	n
Enoplognatha sp.	c
Theridion sp.	c Tetragnathidae
Meta menardi LATREILLE	c, n
Metellina m^erianae (SCOPOLI)	c, n
M. segmentata (CLERCK)	c
Tetragnatha obtusa C. L. KOCH	n
Tetragnatha sp.	k Araneidae
Araneus cucurbitinus Linnaeus	c Linyphiidae
Bathyphantes gracilis (BLACKWALL)	c
Centromerus sylvaticus (BLACKWALL)	n
C.	celarius (SIMON)	c Centrophantes roeweri (WIEHLE)	c Ceratinella minor KULCZYNSKI	n Diplocephalus crassilobus (SIMON)	c
D.	cristatus (BLACKWALL)	c, n D. cf. connectens KULCZYNSKI	c D. latifrons (O. P CAMBRIDGE)	c Drapetisca socialis (SUNDEWALL)	c Gonatium. rubellum. (BLACKWALL)	c Labulla thoracica (WIDER)	c Leptyphantes alacris (BLACKWALL)	c L. cristatus MENGE	c, n
L. flavipes (BLACKWALL)			c, n
L. fragilis (THORELL)			c
L. minutus (BLACKWALL)			c
L. monticola (KULCZYNSKI)			c
L. notabilis KULCZYNSKI			c
L. pallidus (O. P. CAMBRIDGE)			n
L. tenebricola (WIDER)			c
L. triglavensis MILLER & POLENEC		E	c
Linyphia clathrata SUNDEWALL			c
Macrargus rufus (WIDER)			c
Neriene pelatat (WIDER)			c
Oreonetidesfirmus (O. P. CAMBRIDGE)			c, n
Porrhoma convexum WESTRING			c n
P. kolosvaryi KRATOCHVIL			c
P. mycrops ROEWER			c
P. myops SIMON			c, n
P. pygmaeum (BLACKWALL)			c
Prosopotheca monoceros (WIDER)			c
Troglohyphantes cornutus DEELEMAN-REINHOLD			c
T. diabolicus DEELEMAN-REINHOLD		E	c, n
T. diurnus KRATOCHVIL			c
T. excavatus FAGE			c, n
T. gamsi DEELEMAN-REINHOLD		E	c
T. helsdingeni DEELEMAN-REINHOLD		E	n
T. karawankorum DEELEMAN-REINHOLD		E	c
T. navicordis THALER			n
T. cf. poleneci (WIEHLE)		E	c
T. polyophthalmus JOSEPH sensu FAGE		E	c
T. sbordonii BRIGNOLI			c
T. subalpinus THALER			c, n
T. thaleri MILLER & POLENEC			c, n
T. typhlonetiformis ABSOLON & KRATOCHVIL	T		c
T. wiehlei MILLER & POLENEC			c
Pholcidae			
Pholcus phalanioides (FUESSLIN)			c, n
Lycosidae			
Pardosa lugubris (WALCKENÄR)			c
Trochosa terricola MILLER & POLENEC			n
Trochosa sp.			c
Thomisidae			
Diaea dorsata FABRICIUS			c
Xystichus sp.			c
Philodromidae			
Philodromus dispar WALCKENÄR			c
Amaurobiidae			
Amaurobius claustrarius HAHN			c
A. fenestralis STROEM			c
A. ferox (WALCKENÄR)			c, n
OPILIONES (GRUBER, J., J. HADŽI & T. NOVAK det.; lit.) Sironidae
Siro d. duricorius (JOSEPH)	c Cladonychiidae
Holoscotolemon unicolor ROEWER	c Nemastomatidae
Nemastoma b. bidentatum ROEWER	c
Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (PERTY)	c, n
P. bicuspidatum (C. L. KOCH)	c, n
Mitostoma chrysomelas (HERMANN)	c, n Trogulidae
Trogulus nepaeformis (SCOPOLI)	c
T. tingiformis C. L. KOCH	c Ischyropsalididae
Ischyropsalis hadzii ROEWER	(T)	c
I. h. hellwigi (PANZER)	c, n
I. kollari C. L. KOCH	c
I. muellneri HAMANN	(T)	c
Phalangiidae
Opilio dinaricus ŠILHAVY	c
O. ruzickai ŠILHAVY	c
Platybunus bucephalus (C. L. KOCH)	c
Rilaena triangularis (HERBST)	c
Lacinius dentiger (C. L. KOCH)	c
L. ephippiatus (C. L. KOCH)	c
Mitopus morio (FABRICIUS)	c, n
Gyas annulatus (OLIVIER)	c
G. titanus SIMON	c, n
Amilenus aurantiacus (SIMON)	c, n
Astrobunus helleri (AUSSERER)	c
Leiobunum rupestre (HERBST)	c, n
ACARINA (TARMAN, K. & D. TOVORNIK det.) Eupodidae
Linopodes notatorius (LINNAEUS)	c Nicolletiellidae
Trombidiidae indet.	c, n Phthiracaridae
Phthiracarus italicus (OUDEMANS)	c
Ph. piger (SCOPOLI)	c Camisidae
Camisia biurnis (C. L. KOCH)	c Hermanniellidae
Hermanniella granulata (NICOLET)	c Hermanniidae
Hermannia gibba (C. L. KOCH)	c Damaeidae
Epidamaeus bituberculatus (KULCZYNSKI)	c
Spatiodamaeus verticillipes (NICOLET)	c
Belbidae
Metabelba platynota GRANDJEAN	c
Eremaeidae
Eremaeus oblongus C. L. KOCH	c
Carabodidae
Carabodes marginatus (MICHAEL)	c
Opiidae
Multioppia glabra MIHELČIČ	c
Oppia decipiens PAOLI	c
O. m. minus PAOLI	c
O. ornata (OUDEMANS)	c
Oppia sp. n.	c
O. translamellata (WILLMANN)	c
Quadroppia quadricarinata (MICHAEL)	c, n
Suctobelbidae
Suctobelba trigona (MICHAEL)	c
Cymbaeremaeidae
Cymbaeremaeus cymba (NICOLET)	c
Scutoverticidae
Scutovertex minutus (C. L. KOCH)	c
Oribatulidae
Zygoribatula exilis (NICOLET)	c
Chamobatidae
Chamobates alpinus SCHWEIZER	c
Ch. cuspidatus (MICHAEL)	c
Ch. schultzi (OUDEMANS)	c
Ceratozetidae
Ceratozetes piritus GRANDJEAN	c
Ceratozetes sp.	c
Sphaerozetes piriformis (NICOLET)	c
Pelopidae
Eupelops torulosus C. L. KOCH	c
Oribatellidae
Oribatella calcarata (C. L. KOCH)	c
0.	meridionalis BERLESE	c Archipteriidae
Archipteria punctata (NICOLET)	c
Galumnidae
Galumna tenuiclavus (BERLESE)	c
Parasitidae indet.	c, n
Poecilochiridae indet.	c
Ixodidae (TOVORNIK, D. det.)
Ixodes vespertilionis C. L. KOCH	c
1.	hexagonus LEACH	c Spinturnicidae
Spinturnix sp.	c
TARDIGRADA not sampled
CHILOPODA (MATIC, Z. & A. STENTZER det.; lit.) Lithobiidae
Eupolybothrus (E.) grossipes (C. L. KOCH) Lithobius (L.) agilis C. L. KOCH L. (L.) p. punctatus (C. L. KOCH) Scolioplanidae
Strigamia cf. acuminata (LEACH)
DIPLOPODA (STRASSER, K. & N. MRŠIČ det.; lit.) Glomeridae
Glomeris (Eurypleuromeris) conspersa C. L. KOCH			c
G. (Stenopleuromeris) cf. norica LATZEL			c
G. (S.) pustulata LATREILLE			c
Haploglomeris multistriata (C. L. KOCH)			c
Glomeridellidae			
Glomeridella minima LATZEL			c
Trachysphaeridae			
Trachysphaera costata WAGA			c
T. cf. noduligera (VERHOEFF)			c
Polydesmidae			
Brachydesmus (B.) carniolensis VERHOEFF	T	E	c
B. (B.) dorsolucidus STRASSER	T	E	c
B. (B.) h. herzegowinensis VERHOEFF	T		c, n
B. (B.) h. septentrionalis STRASSER	T	E	c
B. (B.) subterraneus HELLER	T		c
B. (B.) troglobius DADAY	T		c
Polydesmus (P.) complanatus illyricus VERHOEFF			c, n
P. (Spanobranchium) c. collaris C. L. KOCH			c
Polydesmus monticolus LATZEL			c
P. (Acanthotarsus) e. edentulus (C. L. KOCH)			c
P. (A.) e. bidentatus VERHOEFF			c
P. (A.) e. plitvicensis VERHOEFF			c
Strongylosomatidae			
Strongylosoma stigmatosum EICHENWALD			
Haaseidae			
Haasea (O.) fonticulorum VERHOEFF			c
H. (Bracybainosoma) pretneri (STRASSER)		E	c
Anthroleucosomatidae			
Haasia largescutataparallela (STRASSER)		E	c
Heteroporatidae			
Heteroporatia mutabilis LATZEL			n
Attemsiidae			
Coelogonium cavernarum STRASSER		E	c
lulialpium alabardatum STRASSER		E	c
Mecogonopodium b. bohiniense STRASSER		E	c
M. b. parvulum STRASSER		E	c
M. zirianus MRŠIČ		E	c
Polyphematia moniliformis (LATZEL)			c
Stiphrogonium a. attemsi STRASSER		E	c
c
S. a.. celeae MRŠIČ	E c
Symphyosphys s. serkoi STRASSER	c, n Tylogonium nivifidele STRASSER E c Glomogonium k. karawankarum STRASSER E c G. k. intermedium MRŠIČ E c G. k. saviniense MRŠIČ E c Craspedosomatidae
Asandalum sp.	c Iulidae
Cylindroiulus (C.) luridus (C. L. KOCH)	c
C. (Bracheioiulus) boleti C. L. KOCH	c
C. (Cannioiulus) dicentrus LATZEL	c
C. (Ypsiloniulus) groedensis (ATTEMS)	c
Leptoiulus (L.) vagabundus (LATZEL)	c
Ommatoiulus sabulosus (LINNAEUS)	c
cf. Pachyiulus sp.	c
Styrioiulus cf. pelidnus (LATZEL)	n
Unciger foetidus (C. L. KOCH)	c Blaniulidae
Nopoiulus venustus (MEINERT)	n
PAUROPODA indet.
SYMPHYLLA indet.
COLLEMBOLA (ČERVEK, S. det.)
Poduridae indet.	c, n Hypogastruridae
Hypogastrura purpurascens (LUBBOCK)	c Onychiuridae
Onychiurus gracilis (Jul. MÜLLER)	T	c, n
Onychiurus spp.	T	c, n
Terodontophora bielanensis (WAGA)	c Isotomidae
Isotomurus palustris (O. F. MÜLLER)	c
1. subterraneus STACH	c
Isotoma notabilis SCHÄFFER	c
Isotomiella minor (SCHÄFFER)	c Oncopodidae
Oncopodura cavernarum STACH	E c
O. crassicornis SHOEBOTAN	c, n Tomoceridae
Tomocerus minor (LUBBOCK)	c, n
T. flavescens (TULLBERG)	c, n
T. unidentatus (BÖRNER)	c, n Entomobryidae
Heteromurus nitidus (TEMLETON)	c
Lepidocyrtus curvicollis BOURLET	c, n
L. cyaneus (TULLBERG)	c
Orchesella cf. hungarica STACH Pseudosinella subvirei BONET Sminthuridae
Arrhopalites pygmaeus WANKEL Arrhopalites sp.
DIPLURA indet. Campodeidae
Plusiocampa sp.
PROTURA (NOSEK, F. det.) Acerentomonidae
Acerentomon kustorae NOSEK
c, n c
Ec
THYSANURA indet. Machilidae
EPHEMEROPTERA indet.
PLECOPTERA indet.
SALTATORIA (US, P. & T. NOVAK det.) Rhaphidophoridae
Troglophilus cavicola (KOLLAR) T. neglectus KRAUSS Tettigoniidae Tettigonia sp.
DERMAPTERA indet. Forficulidae
c, n c, n
BLATTARIA indet. Blattellidae Ectobius sp.
PSOCOPTERA indet.
THYSANOPTERA indet.
c
c, n c
MECOPTERA (DEVETAK, D. det.) Boreidae
Boreus hyemalis (LINNAEUS) B. westwoodi HAGEN
NEUROPTERA (DEVETAK, D. det.) Myrmeleontidae
Myrmeleon formicarius LINNAEUS Euroleon nostras GEOFFROY in FOURCROY
c, n c, n
T
T
c
c
HOMOPTERA, CICCADINA indet. Aphididae indet.
c, n c
HETEROPTERA indet.
c, n
COLEOPTERA (PRETNER, E., B. DROVENIK, S. POLAK & P.ZWICK det.; lit.) Carabidae
Abax carinatus DUFTSCHMIDT			c
Abax sp.			c, n
Agonum (Platynus) scrobiculatum FABRICIUS			c
Anophthalmus a. ajdovskanus GANGLBAUER	T	E	c
A. a. concubinus J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. a. kaplai DAFFNER	T	E	c
A. a. naraglavi MLEJNEK & MORAVEC	T	E	c
A. a. pretneri J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. alphonsi alphonsi MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. a. lubnicensis MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. a. skofjeloscensis DAFFNER	T	E	c
A. bernhaueri GANGLBAUER	T	E	c
A. b. besnicensis PRETNER	T	E	c
A. b. frater DAFFNER	T	E	c
A. egonis J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. erebus erebus KRAUSS	T	E	c
A. e. bozoi MLEJNEK & MORAVEC	T	E	c
A. e. kraussi WINKLER	T	E	c
A. f. fallaciosus J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. gobanzi weberi GANGLBAUER	T	E	c
A. hitleri SCHEIBEL	T	E	c
A. kahleni DAFFNER	T	E	c
A. kofleri DAFFNER	T	E	c
A. m. manhartensis MESCHNIGG	T	E	c
A. m. fuartensis COLLA	T	E	c
A. m. mariae SCHATZMAYR	T		c
A. micklitzi GANGLBAUER ssp.	T	E	c
A. nivalis G. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. p. pretneri MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. p. ceji VREZEC	T	E	c
A. p. savinjscensis DAFFNER	T	E	c
A. sch. schaumi SCHAUM	T	E	c
A. sch. knirschi WINKLER	T	E	c
A. sch. macromelas JEANNEL	T	E	c
A. sch. silvicola JEANNEL	T	E	c
A. scopolii episcopalis G. J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. sch. schmidti gspani REITTER	T	E	c
A. tolminensis (MÜLLER)	T	E	c
Aphaenopidius kamnikensis DROVENIK	T	E	c
A. t. treulandi J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. t. cephalotes KNIRSCH	T	E	c
Bembidion sp.			c
Carabus (Megadontus) germari STURM			c
C. (Porcrustes) coriaceus LINNAEUS			c
Cychrus attenuatus FABRICIUS			c
C. rostratus hoppei GANGLBAUER			n
Duvalius e. exaratus SCHAUM			c
Antisphodrus schreibersi KÜSTER			c, n
Leistus sp.			c
Nebria germari HEER			c
Orotrechus g. globulipennis (SCHAUM)	T	E	c, n
O. koflerianus DAFFNER	T	E	c
O. lucensis SCHEIBL	T	E	c
O. slapniki DROVENIK, MLEJNEK & MORAVEC	T	E	c
O. subpannonicus DAFFNER	T	E	c
O. novaki MLEJNEK, MORAVEC & UDRŽAL	T	E	c
Pterostichus fasciatopunctatus CREUTZER			c
P. metallicus (FABRICIUS)			c
Trechus croaticus DEJEAN			c
T. r. rotundipennis DUFTSCHMIDT			c
T. r. cordicollis MÜLLER			c
Ptiliidae indet.			c
Cholevidae			
Bathysciinae			
Batyscia m. montana SCHIÖDTE			c
B. m. forticornis JOSEPH		E	c
Batysciola silvestris (MOTSCHOULSKY)			c
Aphaobiella b.-l. budnar-lipoglavseki PRETNER	T	E	c
A. b.-l. mozirjensis PRETNER	T	E	c
A. tisnicensis PRETNER	T	E	c, n
Aphaobius (A.) h. heydeni REITTER	T	E	c
A. (A.) h. robustus J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. milleri SCHMIDT	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. alphonsi J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (a.) m. fortesculptus J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. grabowskii J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. knirschi J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. kraussi J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. lubnicensis J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. pretneri J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
A. (A.) m. winkleri MANDL	T	E	c
A. (A.) muellerianus PRETNER	T	E	c
Ceuthmonocharis (C.) freyeri (L. MÜLLER)	T	E	c
C. (C.) netolitzkyi kodrici (G. MÜLLER)	T	E	c
C. (C.) pusillus JEANNEL	T	E	c
C. (C.) r. robici (GANGLBAUER)	T	E	c
C. (C.) r. staudacheri J. MÜLLER	T	E	c
Sphaerobathyscia hojfmanni (MOTSCHOULSKY)			c
Pretneria droveniki ETONTI	T	E	c
P. m. metkae BOGNOLO	T	E	c
P. metkae mirae BOGNOLO & KOFLER P. saulii G. MÜLLER P. triglavensis PRETNER Oryotus m. micklitzi REITTER O. m. indentatus PRETNER
O. raduhensis DROVENIK, MLEJNEK & MORAVEC Cholevinae (ZWICK, P det.) Apocatops nigrita (ERICHSON) Catops fuliginosus (ERICHSON) C. longulus KELLNER C. neglectus KRATZ C. cf. nigricans SPENCE C. picipes FABRICIUS C. subfuscus KELLNER C. tristis (PANZER) Choleva angustata (fABRICIUS) Ch. cisteloides (FRÖLICH) Ch. glauca BRITTEN Ch. sturmi (BRISOUT) Fissocatops westi (KROGERUS) Nargus wilkini (SPENCE) Sciopdrepoides watsoni (SPENCE) Lionidae indet. Leptinidae
Leptinus illyricus BESSUCHET Nitidulidae indet. Silphidae
Necrophilus subterraneus DAHL Necrophorus humator FABRICIUS N. vespillo LINNAEUS N. vespilloides HERBST Scydmaenidae indet.
Staphylinidae (DROVENIK, B., E. PRETNER & P. ZWICK det.) Atheta spp.
Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) cavicola J. MÜLLER
Lathrimaeum sp.
Omalium sp.
Philontus sp.
Phyllodrepa sp.
Proteinus sp.
Quedius mesomelinus MARSHAM Pselaphidae (KARAMAN, Z. det.; lit.) Bryaxis argus KRATZ B. erichsoni ursus (REITTER) Bythoxenus subterraneus MOTSCHOULSKY Machaerites subterraneus L. MÜLLER Lampyridae
Lampyris noctiluca LINNAEUS Cryptophagidae
T	E	c
T	E	c
T	E	c
T	E	c
T	E	c
T	E	c
		c
		c,
		c
		c
		c
		c,
		c,
		c,
		c
		c
		c
		c,
		c
		n
		c
		c
T		c
		c
		c
		c
		c
		c
		c
T T
c c c c c c
c, n c
c c c c
T
E
E
c
Cryptophagus sp.	c Endomychidae (PRETNER, E. det.)
Endomychus coccineus LINNAEUS	c
Micetina cruciata (SCHALLER)	c Ptinidae (ZWICK, P det.)
Ptinus sp.	c Curculionidae
Otiorrhynchus elegantulus (GERMAR)	c
Troglorrhynchus anophthalmus F. SCHMIDT	T	c
Scarabeidae
Geotrupes stercorarius (LINNAEUS)	c, n
Dermestidae indet.	n
Elateridae indet.	c
Scolytidae indet.	c
Ptiliidae indet.	c Cantharidae
Cantharis sp.	c Chrisomelidae
Chrisochloa sp.	c
HYMENOPTERA (BOURNE, J. D., M. MEDEN & T. NOVAK det.) Ichneumonidae (BOURNE, J. D. det.)
Amblyteles armatorius (FORSTER)	c
A. quadripunctorius MÜLLER	c, n
Exephanes hilaris (GRAUENHORST)	c
Cynipoidea	c, n
Formicidae (MEDEN, M. det.)
Camponotus sp.	c
Chthonolasius sp.	c
Proctotrypidae (NOVAK, T. det.)
Exallonyx longicornis NEES	c
TRICHOPTERA (lit.) Limnephilidae
Micropterna sp.	c
Stenophylax permistus Mc LACHLAN	c, n
LEPIDOPTERA (CARNELUTTI, J. det.) Nymphalidae
Inachis io (LINNAEUS)	c Notodontidae
Lophopteryx camelina LINNAEUS	c Noctuidae
Apamea monoglypha HUFNAGEL	c
Conistra vaccinii LINNAEUS	c
Diarsia brunnea SCHIFFERMÜLLER	c
Hypaena proboscidalis LINNAEUS	c
H. rostralis LINNAEUS	c
Noctua pronuba LINNAEUS	c
Scoliopteryx libatrix LINNAEUS	c, n
Zunclognatha tarsipennalis TREITSCHKE	c Geometridae
Geometrapapilionaria LINNAEUS	c
Triphosa dubitata LINNAEUS	c, n
T. sabaudiata DUPONCHEL	c
Melanthiaprocellata DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER	c
Tineidae indet.	c Acrolepiidae (NOVAK, T. det.)
Digitivalva (Acrolepia) pulicariae KLIMETSCH	c Pterophoridae
Pterophorus sp.	c Psychidae
Agithia sp.	c
DIPTERA (SIVEC, N., J. D. BOURNE, E. CHRISTIAN & R.
WAGNER det.) Trichoceridae
Diazosoma hirtipenne SIEBKE	c
Trichocera maculipennis MEIGEN	c, n
T. regelationis LINNAEUS	c Tipulidae
Tipula sp.	c Limoniidae CHRISTIAN, E. & N. SIVEC det.)
Limonia nubeculosa MEIGEN	c, n
Chionea alpina BEZZI	c
Niphadobata austriaca CHRISTIAN	c, n Psychodidae (WAGNER, R. det.)
Psychoda albipennis ZETERSTEDT	n
P. erminea EATON	c
P. gemina EATON	n
P. parthenogenetica (TONNOIR)	c, n
P. phalaenoides LINNAEUS	n
P. aff. minuta BANKS	c
Threticus sp.	c Culicidae
Culex pipiens LINNAEUS
Chironomidae indet.	c, n Anisopodidae
Sylvicola fenestralis (SCOPOLI)	c Mycetophilidae
Bolitophila cf. cinerea MEIGEN	c
Exechia sp.	c
Euphylidorea cf. lineola (MEIGEN)	c
Rhymosia cf. fasciata MEIGEN	c
Rh. cf. tarnanii DZIEDZICKI	c
Speolepta leptogaster WINNERZ	c, n
Tarnenia cf. fenestralis (MEIGEN)	c
Zelmira cf. fasciata MEIGEN	c
Sciaridae	
Psilosciara sp.	c
Scatopsidae	
Scatopse cf. notata (LINNAEUS)	c
Cecidomyidae indet.	c, n
Dolichopodidae indet.	c
Phoridae	c, n
Diploneurini gg. spp.	c, n
Megaselia sp.	c
Syrphidae	
Eristalomya tenax (LINNAEUS)	c
Scaeva pyrastri (LINNAEUS)	c
Helomyzidae	c, n
Amoebaleria sp.	c
Helomyza cf. captiosa GORODKOV	c
Thelida sp.	c
Dryomyzidae indet.	c, n
Sphaeroceridae	c, n
Leptocera sp.	c
Drosophilidae	c, n
Dorsophila cf. simulans STURTEVANT	c
Muscidae indet.	c, n
Nycteribiidae	
Nycteribia schmidti SCHINER	c
Calliphoridae	
Calliphora erythrocephala MEIGEN	c, n
Simuliidae indet.	n
Anthomyidae indet.	c
SIPHONAPTERA (BRELIH, S. det.) Vermipsyllidae
Chaetopsylla (Ch.) globiceps (TASCHENBERG)	c
Hystricopsyllidae
Hystricopsylla (H.) t. talpae (CURTIS)	c
H. (H.) t. orientalis SMIT	c
Rhadinopsylla (Rectofrontia) i. integella JORDAN &	c
ROTHSCHILD Ceratopyllidae
Monopsyllus s. sciurorum (SCHRANK)	c
AMPHIBIA (NOVAK, T. det.) Salamandridae
Salamandra s. salamandra LINNAEUS	c, n
Discoglossidae
Bombina variegata LINNAEUS	c
Bufonidae
Bufo b. bufo LINNAEUS	c
Hylidae
Hyla arborea (LINNAEUS)	c
T. Novak: Terrestrial Fauna from Cavities in Northern and Central Slovenia, and a review of systematically ecologically investigated cavities Ranidae
Rana arvalis NILSSON	c
R. dalmatina BONAPARTE	c
R. temporaria LINNAEUS	c
REPTILIA (NOVAK, T. det.) Colubridae
Natrix tesselata (LAURENTI)	c
AVES (BATIČ, F. & T. NOVAK det.) Tytoidae
Tyto alba (SCOPOLI)	c
Strigidae
Strix aluco LINNAEUS	c
Cinclidae
Cinclus cinclus (LINNAEUS)	c
Paridae
Parvus montanus BALDENSTEIN	c
Corvidae
Pyrrhocorax graculus (LINNAEUS)	c
MAMMALIA (KRYŠTUFEK, B., B. PETROV, F. JANŽEKOVIČ & T. NOVAK det.) Erinaceidae
Erinaceus concolor MARTIN	c Soricidae
Sorex alpinus SCHNIZ	c, n
S. araneus LINNAEUS	c
S. minutus LINNAEUS	c
Crocidura leucodon (HERMANN)	c Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (SCHREBER)	c, n
Rh. hipposideros (BECHSTEIN)	c, n Vespertilionidae
Myotis myotis (BORKHAUSEN)	c, n
M. daubentoni (KUHL)	c
M. nattereri (KUHL)	c
M. emarginatus (GEOFFROY)	c
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (SCHREBER)	c
Eptesicus serotinus (SCHREBER)	c
Barbastella barbastellus (SCHREBER)	c, n
Plecotus auritus (LINNAEUS)	c
P. austriacus (FISCHER)	c
Miniopterus schreibersi (KUHL)	c, n Muridae
Clethrionomys glareolus (SCHREBER)	c, n
Chionomys nivalis (MARTINS)	c
Apodemus flavicollis (MELCHIOR)	c, n
A. sylvaticus (LINNAEUS)	c, n
Gliridae
Glis glis (LINNAEUS)	c, n
Canidae	
Vulpes vulpes (LINNAEUS)	c
Mustelidae	
Mustela erminea LINNAEUS	c
Martes foina (ERXLEBEN)	n
Bovidae	
Rupicapra rupicapra (LINNAEUS)	c
DISCUSSION
This checklist of terrestrial fauna recorded in the cavities of northern and central Slovenia up to 2005 represents a compilation of data in accordance with present knowledge. Data from older literature were completed, some taxonomical names replaced by new valid ones, and some inaccuracies were avoided. The pseudoscorpion Neobisium brevipes (FRIVALDSKY), e. g., was excluded from the faunal list as it does not live in Slovenia. Nevertheless, some recent data also require prudent consideration, especially the great number of subspecies in the Anophthalmus species. In future genetic as well as morphometrical analyses, based on a series of individuals, the number of these taxa will undoubtedly shrink.
In the 55 cavities, beside the determined taxa, about 1500 tubes and microscopic preparations of collected acari, pseudoscorpions, springtails, diplurans, adult caddis flies, and ichneumonids were sent to certain specialists, but for various reasons not returned. Some of the acari, springtails and ichneumonids were determined, while the rest of material was not (neither have the determination lists been published, nor sent to the author). The list given in this article is thus incomplete. At least 100 more species are expected within these groups.
Ecologically, about three quarters of the cited taxa belong to the trogloxenes, which are epigean taxa that inhabit the entrance parts of cavities, and appear there occasionally in low frequencies. The troglophiles, which inhabit mostly hypogean habitats in between the entrance and the inner cavity parts, were not as numerous but most abundant in the cavities. The troglobites are subterranean taxa, mostly inhabiting fissure and crack systems adjacent to cavities. For this reason the majority of these are to be found in the inner sections of cavities, but only a few species are abundant there. In summary, there were 101 (22.2%) troglobitic species and subspecies, and 114 (22.6%) species and subspecies endemic to the territory of Slovenia. 327 (71.9%) of species have been found only in cavities within carbonate rocks, 102 (22.4%) in carbonate as well as in non-carbonate rocks, and 26 (5.7%) only within cavities in non-carbonate rocks. This result is partly caused by the fact that most cavities were investigated in carbonate rocks.
POVZETEK
V letih 1977-2001 smo sistematsko raziskovali kopensko favno in ekološke razmere v 55 jamah in izkopanih rovih severne in osrednje Slovenije. Do leta 2005 je bilo za votline tega ozemlja na stičišču alpskega, panonskega in deloma dinarskega bioma med lastnimi raziskavami ter v literaturi registriranih 456 vrst in 100 podvrst živali iz 321 rodov, pripadajočih 183 družinam. Ta taksonomski
pregled je izhodišče pri obravnavi ekoloških ter drugih razprav o kopenski favni v podzemeljskih habitatih severne in osrednje Slovenije. Predstavitev ekološko sistematsko raziskanih votlin ter uporabljenih metod in tehnik raziskav omogoča vpogled v morfologijo teh votlin ter načine raziskovanja. Favnistični pregled je nekritičen, saj je bilo v zadnjih dveh desetletjih opisanih mnogo taksonov, zlasti podvrst rodu Anophthalmus, ki se bodo po temeljitih biometrijskih in/ali genetskih študijah nedvomno vsaj deloma izkazali za neupravičene. Pregled tudi ni popoln, ker nekatere taksonomske skupine iz različnih razlogov niso bile obdelane; takih je po grobi oceni še vsaj 100 vrst. Ekološko pripada največ vrst trogloksenom, ki so v podzemlju pretežno naključno, zato je njihova številčnost majhna. Najštevilčnejši so osebki troglofilnih taksonov, medtem ko je število teh vrst relativno majno. Troglobiontnih vrst je relativno veliko (101 vrsta in podvrsta; 22,2 %), a so z izjemo nekaj vrst maloševilni v votlinah severne in osrednje Slovenije. 114 (22,6 %) vrst in podvrst je endemitov Slovenije. Večina vrst (71,9 %) je bila najdena v votlinah karbonatnih predelov, deloma tudi zato, ker je tam največ raziskanih votlin.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Valika Kuštor, Nace Sivec and Boris Sket (all from Ljubljana), and France Velkovrh (Lenart) contributed much to the ecological research programme of cavities in Slovenia. Andrej Kranjc (Postojna), Adolf Pen (Murska Sobota), Andrej Blejec, France Bernot, Drago Lebez, Dragica Strmole (all from Ljubljana), Jernej Gartner (Železniki), and Franc Duh (Murska Sobota) helped in the discussion of some particularities of the ecological programme, and with much advice. Besides the author, Valika Kuštor, Nace Sivec, Mojmir Štangelj, Tone Brancelj, Tomaž Prošek, Jana Lebez-Lozej (all from Ljubljana), and Pavel Kavšek (Radeče) helped within the field investigations. Besides the author, Nace Sivec, Boris Gabrščik, Jana Javšenak-Slavičič (all from Ljubljana), Eda Bogataj (Škofja Loka), and Danilo Mori (Slovenj Gradec) were engaged in sorting faunistic samples and preparing the preparations.
Many colleagues and friends helped in the determinations of collected specimens: Franc Batič (Ljubljana), Jože Bole (Ljubljana), John D. Bourne (Geneve), Jan Carnelutti (Ljubljana), Savo Brelih (Ljubljana), Erhard Christian (Wien), Stanko Červek (Ljubljana), Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold (Ossendrecht), Dušan Devetak (Maribor), Božo Drovenik (Ljubljana), Jürgen Gruber (Wien), Jovan Hadži (Ljubljana), Franc Janžekovič (Maribor), Zora Karaman (Skopje), Boris Kryštufek (Kranj), Zachiu Matic (Cluj), Marko Meden (Kranj), Narcis Mršic (Kranj), Tone Novak (Slovenj Gradec), Josef Nosek (Bratislava), Boris Petrov (Beograd), Slavko Polak (Postojna), Anton Polenec (Kranj), Franc Potočnik (Ljubljana), Egon Pretner (Postojna), Milan Rezač (Praha), Nace Sivec (Ljubljana), Boris Sket (Ljubljana), Karl Strasser (Trieste), Nace Sivec (Ljubljana), Ljuba Slana Novak (Slovenj Gradec), Kazimir Tarman (Ljubljana), Danica Tovornik (Ljubljana), Petr Us (Ljubljana), France Velkovrh (Ljubljana), Rudolf Wagner (Schlitz), and Peter Zwick (Schlitz) contributed to the determination of the fauna.
This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of Slovenia (the research programme The Ecology of the Hypogean Cenoses of Slovenia, and partly by Research Grant No. P1-0078 Biodiversity).
Dušan Devetak and Franc Janžekovič (both Maribor) read the manuscript critically. Michelle Gadpaille (Maribor) improved much the language.
They all helped to make this review possible. I am sincerely indebted to all of them.
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CORRIGENDA
Unfortunately, in Novak et al. (2004b) the presentation of Simpson^s index was mismatched with an another graph.
1
0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 sampling regions
Fig. 14: Simpson's index of dominance, D, in the Železna jama cave, 2000-2001. Sl. 14: Simpsonov indeks dominance, D, v Železni jami, 2000-2001.