Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica v Ljubljani
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A N A T O M I A
UTERI HUMANI GRAVIDI
TABULIS ILLUSTRATA,
AUCTORE
GULIELMO HUNTER,
serenissimae REGINAE CHARLOTTAE medico extraordinario,
IN ACADEMIA REGALI ANATOMIAE PROFESSORE,
ET SOCIETATUM, REGIAE ET ANTIQUARIAE, SOCIO.
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BIRMINGHAMIAE excudebat JOANNES BASKERVILLE, mdcclxxiv.
L O N D I N I prostant APUD S. B A K E R, T. C A D E L L, D. WILSON, G. N I C O L, et J. MURRAY.
THE A X A T 0 M T
0 F THE HUMAN GRAVID UTERUS
EXHIBITE D^JN	FIGURES,
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f HflfCEAlj 1 VSiÜLIOTHBK I
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WILLIAM	HUNTER,
PHYSICIAN EXTRAO RDIKART TO THE QUE EN, PROFESSOR OF
A N AT 0 M T IN THE ROTAL ACADEMY, AND FELLOW OF THE
ROYAL AND A N T I Q^U A R I A N S 0 C I E T I E S.
Printed AT BIRMINGHAM by JOHN	BASKERVILLE",	1774.
Sold in LONDON by 5. BAKER and G. LEIGH, in York-Sireet; T\ CADELL in the Strand; D. WILSON and G. NICOL
opposite York-Buildings; and J. M U R R A T, in Fle et- Street.
T O T H E
KING
S I R,
T HIS work had no other claim to the honour with which it is diftinguifhed by y o u r m a j e s t y, than as it illuftrates one part of fcience hitherto imperfeftly underftood, and as it contains the foundation of another part of fcience, on which the lives and happinefs oI millions muft depend. It gave me an heart-felt fatisfačtion, to obferve how much this con-
fideration recommended it to royal patronage.
When refpeči:, reverence, and gratitude rile to a certain degree, and the occafion is public and folemn, the freedom of language is reftrained : and I fhould be guilty of an abufe of that gracious condefcenfion, with which i am honoured, were 1 to attempt to exprefs by words the fentiments of my heart. But, for the fake of thofe, who, placed at a diftance from the royal pr esence, may be more able to ferve the public, than I have been, let me be per-mitted to fay, that, although to acquire knowledge, and to communicate it to others, has been the pleafure, the bufmefs, and the ambition of my life; yet, fince I have had the honour to be a fervant in your royal house, I have feit an additional incitement to affiduity, being convinced that an unremitting endeavour to be ufeful to fociety, is the readieft, and the moft
certain way to the favour of our sovereign.
That the peculiar blelTmg of this country, the influence of a k i n g who fmcerely wifhes to encourage every improvement, a king who takes a part with all his fubje&s in their happinefs, and in their diftrefs, may be long preferved to us, is the fervent prayerof,
SIR,
YOUR MAJESTY’S
moft faithful Subjekt,
and moft dutiful Servant
WILLIAM HUNTER.
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PROOEMIUM
P R E F A C E
QUOD omnes fere homines, in ftudiis fcientiarum verfati, diu multumque defiderarunt, linguam fcilicet per univerfum terrarum orbem cognitam atque perceptam, id nobis ex parte aliqua fup-peditat tabularum aenearum fculptura, ad veras rerum formas exhibendas adprime accommodata. Imo hujufce artificii ea eft utilitas, ut in naturae explicatione faepenumero plus valeat quam quaevis verborum copia, aut vis dicendi. Quodcunque enim oculo fideli inde fubjicitur (fpe&et modo aliquis argumenti haud ignarus) animo con-feftim arripitur, memoriaeque alte impreffum haud prorfus excidit. Lentior fermonis mora, et vis hebetior.
Proinde ex quo tempore hoc artificium ufibus hominum communiter inferviit, via brevior faciliorque patefa&a eft ad inventa quaelibet tum divulganda, tum confervanda; et rerum fimul naturalium cognitio, ab exiguis profeda initiis, paulatim eo ufque increvit, ut feculi hujufce, omnium ornatiffimi, fummum fere ornamentum jam tandem extiterit.
Caeterarum artium incrementa, aequis faltem paffibus, comitata eft anatomia. Etenim non pauci recentiorum, viri excellentis ingenii atque judicii, labore plurimo, nec minori folertia, corporis humani tum fabricam tum oeconomiam perveftigarunt. Ex his plurimi artem hanc graphicam ancillantem fibi adhibuerunt; praecipuifque inde repertis fuis feliciter illuftratis, effecerunt, ut ars anatomica, hominum generi, fi qua alia, utilis et fruduofa, intelle&u fimul facilior fieret, fimul cultu jucundior.
Reftabat tamen pars una humani corporis, eaque five ilruclurae fuae perelegantis, five muneris officiique ratione,primas tenens, adifciplinae hujus profefforibus non fatis explorata. Reftabat fcilicet uterus humanus. Abfit vero, ut viris hifce egregiis vitio detur, quod rem quafi negle&am habuerint, cujus penitius perfpiciendae copia rara erat et infrequens. Pauciffimis enim contigerit necefie eft, ut tot cadavera fecuerint, quot ad conditionem uteri gravidi, variis temporibus variam, perveftigandam, nedum demonftrandam, fufficerent. De aliis itaque filendum, ubi laudare nefas. Quod ad auftorem attinet, anno ille primum MDCCLI. felici ufus eft occafione id in humano corpore explorandi, quod in brutis jam olim quaefiverat. Mulier quaedam, graviditatis fuae menfibus prope exa&is, repentinam obierat mortem. Cadaver, adhuc integrum, cultro fubječhim eft. Operi favit tempef-tas. Cera, vafis rite inje&a, voto refpondit. Repertus eft piftor, vir ille in fuo genere adprime folers. Partes fingulae, multis coram adftantibus, exploratae funt atque excuffae, ut omnis rei veritas firma fatis audoritate comprobari poffet atque ftabiliri.
Sub his aufpiciis, aliquot menfium fpatio decurfo, decem primae tabulae perfede delineatae fuerant; partes ipfae identidem publice expofitze ; et ea quae de fingulis animadverfa fuerant ac notata, palam dida. Audoris inde animum fubiit, fe rem difciplinae hujufce fautoribus haud ingratam fadurum, 11 hiftoriam uteri gravidi anatomicam ederet, his decem tabulis illuminatam. Confilium placuit. Opus in manus artificum, maxima laude florentium, traditum eft; et pecunia collatitia a plurimis pro more repraefentata.
Alterum interea cadaver in manus incidit, quod quidem, coeli licet tempeftas minus jam anatomiae a^ica effet, haud nuiio in pretio habendum fuit; quandoquidem huic acceptae referuntur figurae aliquot, ab hoc inftituto haud alienae, dignaeque adeo vifae, quae operi, fup-plementi loco, adjicerentur. Dum autem fuper his operam navabat fculptor, en tertium cadaver, quam opportune! Etenim illud non modo quaedam, prius obfcura, luci dedit, fed novis etiam figuris adornandis materiam aptiffimam fubminiftravit.
Cum audor huic fe accingebat negotio, animo deftinavit decem tabulas, modo didas, in lucem proferre, jadum quafi aliquod fundamen, cui alia plura, de hac parte anatomiae, poftea adjicere ac fuper-. ftruere fperabat, fi quando per otium ipfi liceret hanc rem altius in-
veftigare.
rHE art oß engraving fupplies us, upon many occafions, with zuhat has been the great defideratum oß the lovers offcience, an univerjal lan~ guage. JVay, it conveys clearer ideas of moß natural obječts, than words can expreß; makesßronger impreßßons upon the mind; and to every perjon converjant with the fiubječl, gives an immediate comprehenßion oß what it
From the time when this art came more generally into uße, it has been much more eaßy both to communicate and to preßerve dißcoveries and im-provements; and natural knowledge has been gradually rißing, tili it is at length become the difiinguifhing charačlerifiic oß the moß enlightened age oß the world.
Anatomy has, at leaß, kept pace in improvement with the other branches oß natural knowledge. Many oß the moderns, through much labour and patience, as well as ingenuity and judgment, have thrown conßiderable lights upon the firučture and operations oß the human body; and they have parti-cularly by engravings, made theßudy oßthat art, in which humanity is ßo much interefied, both more eaßy and pleaßant. Moß oß the principal parts oß anatomy have, in this manner, been ßucceßßully illußrated.
One part liowever, and that the moß curious, and certainly not the leaß important oß all, the pregnant wornb, had not been treated by anatomißs with proportionableßucceßs. Lei itnot, however,be objeäed to them^that they ne-glečled what in ßact it was rarely in their power to cultivate. Few, or none oß the anatomißs, had met with a ßußficient number oßfubječts, either ßor inveßigating, or ßor demonßrating the principal circumßances oß utero-geßation in the humanßpecies. But let what cannot be praißed, in others, be pcßfed over in ßüence. With refpečl to the preßent undertaking, in the year 1751 the author met with the firßßavourable opportunity oß examining, in the human ßpecies, what beßore he had been ßudying in brutes. A woman diedßuddenly, when very near the end oß her pregnancy; the body was pro-cured beßore any ßenßible putreßadlion had begun; the ßeaßon oß the year was ßavourable to dijßeötion; the injeÜion oß the blood-veßfels proved ßucceßsßul; a very able painter, in this way, wasßound; every part was examined in the moß public manner, and the truth was thereby well authenticated.
In the courße oßßome months, the drawings oß the ßrß ten plates were finßhed, and ßrom time to time theßubjeä was publicly exhibited, withßuck remarks as had occurred in the examination oß theßveralparts. Many lovers oß this ßudy approved oß the author s propoßal to publißi the anatomy oß the gravid uterus, illußrated by thoße ten plates: the work was immediately put into the hands oßour beß artifts; andßubßcriptions were received.
In the mean time a ßecondßubjedl was procured; which, though the wea~ ther happened to be very unßavourable, ajßorded aßewßupplemental figures, oß importance enough to be taken into the work. And beßore the engravings were finßhed, a third fiubječt occurred very opportunely, which cleared up fome dijßiculties, andßurnißedßome ißeßul additionalfigures.
The original plan having been only to publißi the firß ten plates, as a ground-work ßorßarther improvements in this branchoß anatomy, to be added whenever good opportunities ßiould be ojßered, the author now began to en-tertain hopes oj being able to give a much more compleat work. He ßoreßaw
that
veftigare. Jam vero majora quaedam animo complečti, et etiam fpem fovere aufus eft, fore ut opus aliquod exaedificare poffet, quod ad per-fečtionem abfolutionemque propius perveniret. Praevidit enim, in hac urbe, tanta hominum multitudine referta, annorum aliquot fpa-tio, occafionem omnia ea quae ad gravidum uterum pertinent, obfer-vandi viro, hoc agenti, haud fortaiTe defuturam ; unde libi facultas dari poffet aliquod quafi fyftema condere, variafque illas mutationes, fingulis graviditatis menfibus proprias, figuris exprimere. Ejufmodi fere eft hocopus; quod, longo tempore promiffum, tandem aliquando in medium prodit. Ut id fane ad exitum perduci poffet, moras trahere neceffe fuit, praeter opinionem diuturnas. Quoties autem auctor fecum reputat has moras operi minime infruduofas fuiffe, abunde fentit, quo fe confoletur.
Quod autem hoc argumentum illuftrandi uni alicui mortali tam pulchra occafio toties obtigerit, in caufa fuerunt tum varii cafus, tum amicorum multorum gratiftima fubfidia. Tabularum harum ultima e manu artificis vix excefferat, cum datum fuit delineare embryonem mole minorem, quam quem antea vidiffe au&ori unquam contigerat; et haud ita pridem conceptus in tuba fallopiana, res haec animadverfione egregie digna, figurarum numerum adauxit. Hae figurae, et fi qua alia, ejufdem argumenti, occurrent, vel in tabula his adjicienda, vel cum uteri gravidi defcriptione anatomica, quam aučior fecum meditatur, data occafione, in publicum aliquando proferentur. Hačienus quidem ipfi id otii non conceffum eft, quod ad hanc operis partem abfolvendam effet fatis. Quod fi cafu aliquo improvifo impeditus fuerit, quo minus id, quod cupiat, poffit exfequi, perfuafum fibi habet, haud defuturum aliquem, huic muneri obeundo parem. Multi enim funt, qui au&orem de his rebus publice differentem fepe fepius audierint; multi quos ille opinionis acfententiae fuae participes fecerit.
FIGURARUM fere anatomicarum duplex eft et diverfa ratio. Ab altera fimplex rei imago, qualis oculo vifa eft, talis delineatur. Altera, una cum vifis, etiam excogitata exhibet; nec tam ad oculum artificis, quam ad ingenium memoriamque accommodatur. Prioris generis exempla apud Bidloo extant; pofterioris apud Eufiachium.
Fieri non poteft, quin figura ifta, quae fit ex fideli naturae imitatione, et ex rei unius contemplatione enafcitur, in quibufdam fepe partibus indiftinda aut minus perfeda effe videatur. Altera autem, ex ingenio nata, quae autem non fit, nifi per laborem, et obfervationem et experientiam multiplicem, id uno intuitu videndum exhibet, quod fortaffe non nifi ex rerum varietate colligendum fuerat. Porro haec eft ea, qu^ et meliorem ordinem, et compendium facilius, et majorem perfpicacitatem admittit. Alteram quidem contemplans oculus, elegantia ac concinnitate naturae oblečiatur: in altera, geometrici cujuf-dam diagrammatis, accurati quidem exa<5tique, fed nudi, fed inornati fimilitudinem agnofcit. Illa rem quamlibet fpeftatori, tanquam prae-fentem, fubjicit, et dat percipere: haec tantummodo defcribentis vice fungitur, remque delineatam in animi confpeßu ponit. Prior autem pofteriori in hoc praeftat maxime, quod ea, quae revera vifa funt, exhibens, fpeciem quandam veritatis prae fe fert; et fit prope modum aeque nefcia fallere, ac illud ipfum quod affimulatur.
De hoc opere, quod naturae ipfius fpeciem proponit, alii fortaffe aliud judicium ferent. Nifi enim auctorem fallat vana fpes fua atque opinio, multi funt apud quos ille nec cenfebitur operam inutilem pofuiffe, nec inepte erogaffe pecuniam; apud quos fcilicet figurarum magnitudo, elegantia, ac varietas aliqua in laude ponentur. Contra, non deerunt, quibus magna pars fumptus fupervacanea omnino atque infruftuofa fuiffe videbitur. Contendent fcilicet operis hujus utilitatem ad plures potuiffe pertingere, fi figurae omnes in formam ardiorem contractae fuiffent; fi fculptura manu minus delicata fuiffet elaborata; fi aliquot etiam figurae, utpote aliis non abfimiles, omnino omiffae.
t at, in the courje offome years, by diligence he might procure in this great City, fo many opportumties of Jludying the gravid uterus, as to be enabled to ma e up a tole'rable fyflem; and to exhibit, by figures, ali the principal c anges that happen m the mne months of utero-gefiation. Such is the wor zv ic , at lengthis offered to the public. The execution of it has tndeed taken up more time, than what was atfirfi expetied: but it gives the author no Jmallfatisfatiion to refleti, that the delay of public ation has con-tnbuted not a little to the value of the work.
That one perfon fhould have had fo many opportumties of illufirating this fubjeti, has been owing to fortunate circumfiances, as well as to the affifiance of many fnends. Even fince the lafi piate was finifhed, he had an oppor-tunity of making a drawing of a younger embryo than he had before feen\ and he has likewife made fome figures from a very curious cafe, which he lately met with, namely a conception in the fallopian tube. Thefe, and what-ever may hereafter occur, he will offer to the public upon fome future occa-fion; probably m the way of a fupplemental piate, or with the anatomical defcription of the gravid uterus, which he propofes to publifh at füll length. Hehas not hitherto had leifure to finifh that part of the work, But if he fhoidd be pi eventedfrom doing it, by any unforefeen accident, it will be in the power of many gentlernen of the profefjion to do it for him, as he has confiantly explamed his obfervations on this fubjeti in his public letiures.
AK ATO M IC A L figures are made in two very different way s; one is tke fempleportrait, in which the objeti is reprefented exatily as it was feen; the other is a reprefentation of the objeti under fuch circumfiances as wer e not aölually feen, but conceived m the Imagination. Bidloo has given us fpecimens of the firfi kind; Euftachius of the latter.
That figure which is a clofe reprefentation of nature, and which is finifhed from a view of one fubjeti, will often be, unavoidably,fomewhat indifiinti or defetiive m fome parts .* the other, being a figure of fancy, made up per-hapsfrom a vanety of fiudies after Nature, may exhibit in one view, what could only be feen in feveral obječls ; and it admits of a better arrangement, of abridgement, and of greater precifion. The one may have the elegance and harmony of the natural objeti; the other has commonly the hardnefs of a geo-metrical diagram : the onefhews the oltfeti, or gives perception; tlie other only defcribes, or gives an idea of it. A very effential advantage of the firfi is, that as it reprefents what was atiually feen, it carnes the mark of truth, and becomes almofi as infallible as the objeti itfelf
With regard to this work, which is a faithful reprefentation of what was atiually feen, thejudgement of the public will probably be divided. Many will approve of the labour and expenfe which have been befiowed upon it, and commend the largenefs, elegance, and variety of the figures. Others will think that a great part of the expenfe might have been fpared, and the work thereby rendered of more general ufe, if the figures had been madeto afmaller fcale, if . tlie engraving had been lefs finifhed, and if fome of the figures, which are very Jmilar to other s, had been omitted.
Cum autem figurae, de quibus agitur, ea mente atque confilio fingi foleant, ut ab iis, quantum fieri poteft, explicetur tam vera natui a partium [nempe earum habitudo et ftručluraj quam forma externa, pofitura, ac nexus ; magnitudo illis aliqua concedatur ne-ceffe eft; aliter enim partes, ut aiunt, componentes haud fatis diftin&e delineari poffunt. Quod fi magnitudo rei propria fculpturae quo-dammodo apta fit ac conveniens, ea ipfa, utpote quae obfervatu dig-nxiiima eft, haud dubio eligenda eft praecipue. His de caufis figurae omnes, quotquot hic proferuntur, adjuftum naturi modum perfečbe iunt, paucis tantum exceptis, quae in formam naturali anguftiorem
coguntur,
Anatomicalfigures being intended to fhew, as much as poffible, the true nature, that is, the pe culiar habit and compofition of parts, as well as the out ward form, fituation and connetiion of them, fhoidd certainly be large ; other-wife the fmaller component parts can not be difiintily reprefented; and if the natural fue of the objeti be tolerably fit for an engraving, that mufi be of all others the very befi, as it has the advantage of ßiewing fuch an important cir-cumfiance. Upon thefe confiderations, ali the figures in this work were made of the natural fue, except afew which were reduced in fize, and one or two of minute objetis which, on that account, were magnified.
For
coguntur, nec non una atque altera ex rebus minutiffimis, quas auclor idcirco ampliandas curavit.
lifdem edam de cauns confiat hujufcemodi figuris deberi accurationem quandam atque elegantiam. Profedlo in pidlura faepe fit, ut oculi leviffima adumbratione oblenientur; maxime ubi vel ipfum tabulae argumentum adeo pervulgatum eft, ut vis imaginandi facile excitetui, id, quodcunque defuerit, flatim adimpletura (ficuti iis in tabulis, ubi hominum effigies, aut aliae res, pariter notae, exhibentur) vel uni partes rerum minutiores aciem pene oculorum fugiunt, ut ea in tabula chorographica, quae, propter diflantiam fuam, parum cernuntur. Sed in anatomia, ut et in rei naturalis hiftoria, argumentum tabulae fpedatori vel omnino effe incognitum ponitur, vel non fatis exploratum; partefque minimae, pariter cum majoribus, ftudium di-ligentiamque requirunt. Operam quidem dare, ut fumma arte elaborentur eae figurarum partes, per quas nihil, aut parum exprimitur, nifi quod prius fit expreffum, hominis effiet vehementer et opera tua et pecunia abutentis. Harum igitur figurarum pars maxima ultra mediocritatemperfedia eft; aliquot fumma expolitione atque artificio ornatae; leviora, vel ea quae prius fuerant aliqua ex parte llluftrata, leviter tačla; ea vero quae fecunda vice proferuntur, lineis fere exterioribus adumbrata.
Cuilibet homini, cui judicium fit paulo feverius, in proclivi erit id audlori vitio dare, quod opus hoc haud fatis jufto ordine, procef-ferit, nec formam preflam fatis atque concinnam induat. Ouod fi ille difficultates, quotquot autftorem circumvenerint, contemplatione fuerit complexus, conamina haecce, qualiacunque fint, animo magis aequo excipiet. In plurimis aliis operibus, ad rem anatomicam quae fpec-tant, veniam fibi haud facile impetrat vel defecftus aliqua ex parte, vel materies confufe permifteque difpofita. Quivis enim, fi modo laborem pati decreverit, primum quideimexercitatione et experientia intimam argumenti fui cognitionem adipifei poterit; deinde autem operis cujufdam, perfecli undique omnibufque numeris abfoluti, formam atque imaginem animo effingere ; et denique ex variorum cadaverum contemplatione rem inftitutam pro arbitrio fuo ad exitum perducere.
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Humani autem corporis uterum gravidum otiofe fecare paucis datum eft. Pauci funt, quibus, in omni vitae fpatio, nifi femel, aut etiam fortaffis iterum hoc fuerit indultum. Ponamus quidem talem oc-cafionem, fauftam omnino atque felicem, cultori cuipiam anatomiae effe oblatam ; neceffe eft ut continuo et fine mora de ratione ille in-ftituti fixum aliquod certumque deftinet; et uno eodemque tempore duo confilia, inter fe non bene convenientia, profequatur. Primum enim, ut ipfe rem penitus perfpediam habeat, cadaver fua manu fecet neceffe eft ; ita tamen inftituenda eft inveftigatio, ut artifici fimul ad-ftanti, praecipuas partes commode delineandi plena fit copia. Proinde vix fieri poteft, quin confilium, optime fufceptum, immutari oporteat, variifque rebus accomodari quae de improvifo et praeter ex-petftationem poffint occurrere. Ut autem id rite perfici poffit, opus eft longi temporis mora; partes interea aeri externo, inter pingendum, expofitae plurimum detrimenti capient; praecipue fi vir talis negotio obeundo praefit cui curae eft, ne fičti quidpiam, aut ex memoria deprompti, ipft rei veritati inducatur, et ut nihil ibi locum habeat, nifi quod ex naturae ipfius obfervatione, re alia nulla intercedente, arreptum fuerit.
Si audior tot opportunitates, hanc ornandi provinciam, fibi profpex-iffet futuras, quot ipfi bona fua fortuna indulferit, figuras ille quidem aliquas emendatiores reddere potuiffet; alias aliis melius accommodare, et ita earum feriem in minorem numerum cogere. Figuras quidem nonnullas, jam delineatas, duafque tabulas, a fculptore prorfus perfedtas, apud fe prudens detinuit; ne operis fcilicet moles atque impendium plus aequo increfcerent. Et profeflo plures, eadem ratione induHus, detinuiffet, nifi ipfi mentem fubiiffet, longum fortaffe fore tempus, priufquam aliquod figurarum fyftema, hoc fuo minus imperfečlum, in lucem fit exiturum. Potius igitur duxit culpae in periculum incurrere, eo quod rem nimis copiofe, quam quod parcius ac negligenter tra&averit.
Operi, nimiae jam magnitudinis, nimiique fumptus, internam foetus anatomiam adjicere, fupervacaneum fore vifum eft; praefertim cum alii ifto munere funt funčli; et cuilibet, id qui de integro meditatur, haec omnia cognofcendi atque tradiandi haud facile defutura eft occafio.
For the reajon already given itßiould feem obvious that anatomical figures ought to be likewife well finijhed. In many fubječls of painting, indeed, the Jlight manner of producing an ejfeä, without labour, is very agreeable; par-ticularly when, either the fubječl is fo well known, that a mere hint is enough to the imagination, which eafily fupplies ali that is wanting; as, in defigns where human figures, and other well known obječls are introduced; or, when the fmaller parts of obječls are not to be feen diftintty, as the obječls, efpeci-ally the more dijlant ones, in a landfcape. But in anatomy, as in natural hiftory, thefubječt is fuppofed to be new, or only imperfeäly known; and the fmaller parts are to befiudied with care, as well as the larger mafjes. In thofe parts of anatomicalfigures, indeed, which are mere repetitions, or near-lyfo, the labour and expence of firiifhing may well befaved. Accordingly in this work the gre ater part is tolerably well finijhed, forne very highly and deli-cately; matters of lefs moment, or approaching to repetitions are exeeuted in a jlight rnanner; and what is merely a repetition, is commonly put down m bare out-lines.
Any judicious perfon, who examines this ivork with care, will naturally think that the plan mig fit have been more regulär and more compačt: but it is prefumed that he will be lefs dijfatisfied with the authors bejl endeavours when he Jhall confider the drfficulties which lie in the way, and render the fubječl almofi unmanageable. In many other works of anatomy, imperfečli-ons, and particularly a want of method, are not readily excufed. For, if the author will but take the pavns, he may firfi of ali make himfelf mafier of his fubječl by repeated difječhons and experiments; he may, at his leifure, lay down afiudied plan for a compleat and regulär work; and with his own con-vemence he may exeeute his plan from a variety of dead bodies.
But, opportunities of dijječling the human pregnani uterus at leifure, very rarely occur. Indeed, to mofi anatomifis, if they have happened at ali, it has been but once or twice in their whole lives. Upon fiuch occafions there-fore, even when attended with the mofi favourable circumfiances, the anatomiji mufi fix upon a plan, without lofs of time, and at once carry on two fehernes which are hardly compatible; that is to fay, he mufi difjed for his own information, in the firfi place, and yet condučt the inquiry fo as to have good drawings made of the principal appearances: and it is more than probable that he mufi alter any plan that he might have propofed, ancl adapt it to a variety of circumfiances in the fubječl that could not be for efeen ; and much time mufi be lofi, and the parts mufi be confiderably injured by long ex-pofure to the air before the painter; efpecially if the work be conduäed by an anatomiji who will not allow the artifi topaintfrom memory or imagination, but only from immediate obfervation.
IJ the author could have forefeen the numerous opportunities which have fallen to his Jhare, he might have eafily improved fome of the figures ; and by adapting them better to one another he might have compleated the feries in a fmaller number. He has atiually kept back feveral drawings which had been made, and two plates which had been engraved, that the work might not be overcharged; and would have withheld more, for that reafon, if he had not thought that it would probably be long before a more perfečl fyfiem of figures would be ojfered to the public. This confideration induced him to nfk the being cenfured rather for having done too much, than too little.
In a work which was already become too large and expenfive, it was thought proper to omit the internal anatomy of the child, efpecially as that part has been executed by others, and opportunities of fiudying it may be eafily pro-cured.
In
The
In artem typographicam fumptus, major folito fa<5lus eft, non quidem folam ob elegantiam, qua opera celeberrimi artificis Joannis Baf kerville ornantur omnia; fed praecipue chartae, qua ille utitur, atra-mentique ratione habita. Talis eft enim chartae hujufce laevor, atra-mentumque tam cito arefcit, ut folia, literis licet pleniffima, tabulae cu-jufque interpofitae nitorem integrum atque illaefum confervatura iint.
Ad fummam, fi aučlori ea laus fuerit conceffa, quod, in hac primaria parte humani corporis illuftranda, neque operae fuae, neque impenfarum, neque temporis rationem habuerit, voti fane fit compos, nec aliud gratiae fibi apponi poftulat. Harum autem laudum in partem plurimum merito fuo evocandus eft frater ausioris folertiffimus Joannes Hunter; nam in plurimis cadaveribus fecandis partem ille laborum fuftinuit: cujus quidem viri acumen et diligentia in hujufce-modi perveftigationibus adeo omnium fermone celebrantur, ut de illo fi fileretur adjutore, operis ipfxus pretio atque exiftimationi parum effet confultum. Artificibus etiam fingulis, quorum ingenii atque induftme monumenta hic extant, gratias agit quas habet maximas ; prae caeteris autem viro optimo ac peritiffimo artifici Roberto Strange, non modo quod is manu fua tabularum harum duas tanquam aeternitati confecrarit, fed etiam quod, ab incepto operis ufque ad exitum, aučlorem amicitia ftabili atque incorrupta dignatus, vel con-filium vel auxilium expetenti haud unquam defuerit.
'The additional expenje of Air. Baskerville’j art was not incurred for the Jake of elegance alone; but princip ally for the advantage of his paper and ink, which render a leaf of his Prefs-Work an excellent prefervalive of the plates between which it is placed.
If it be allowed that the author has fpared neither labour, nor time, nor expenfe in improving an important part of anatomy, this is ali the merit which he can claim. In moft of the diffeäions he was affißed by his brother Mr. John Hunter, whofe accuracy in anatomical refearckes is fo well known, that - to omit this opportunity of thanking him for that affzflance, would be in forne meafure to difregard the future reputation of the work itfelf. He owes like-wife much to theingenious artißswho made the drawings and engravings; and particularly to Mr. Strange, not only for having by his hand fecured a fort of immortality to two of the piate s, but for having given his advice and affißance in every part with a ßeady and difmtereßed frkndfiip.
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DECEM priores tabulae mulierem exhibent, nono fere graviditatis menfe exeunte, ann. 1750, fubita morte extinclam. Arteriae avenis, cera diverfi coloris inječia, diftinčiae erant. In hac prima, contenta abdominis, integumentis decuffatim incifis et reflexis, fub confpečlum veniunt. Refupinatum eft acclivi fi tu cadaver, ut fuperior trunci pars haud paulo effet elatior, et vif-cera inde abdominis clarius contemplanda objicerentur.
! emora et pudenda, utpote partes externae, eam, quam caeterae, notationem non defiderant. Pudenda vero, in hoc cadavere, ut ex figura concipi poteft, aqua inter cutim intumuerunt.
A A Pars anterior thoracis infra mammas, qua truncus erat tranf-verfe difciffus, figuram aparte fuperiori terminans.
B B Integumentis, mufeulis, et peritoneo decufTatim incifis, eorum anguli duo fuperiores in marginem thoracis cartilaginofum reflexi.
C C Eorundem anguli duo inferiores, in inguen, femur, et offis ilium fpinam anteriorem, utrinque reclinati. In angulis illis, ad marginem inferiorem medio femori oppofitum, obfervare licet partem rugofam et tenfam, qua filum adhibitum fuit, ea mente, ut, angulo detračio, uterus et partes vicinae manifeftius apparerent.
D Incifionis longitudinalis, ad fcrobiculum cordis a mucrone cartilaginis enfiformis du<ftae, extremitas fuperior.
E Ejufdem incifionis, ad fymphyfin offium pubis, extremitas inferior.
F Hepatis ligamentum falciforme, fuper faciem internam mufculo-rum abdominis, ad illius vifceris fiffuram, magnum inter lobum et parvum, protenfum.
G G Arteria et vena epigaftrica, in utrifque mufculorum angulis inferioribus trans peritoneum fefe projicientes.
H Hepatis lobus finifter, in parte fumma regionis epigaftricae fi tus. Illius in fuperficie, arteriae quaedam parvae, ex fubftantia illius glandulofa exeuntes, et in peritoneum quo vellitur diffufae, delineantur.
I	Omentum in regione epigaftrica fi tum, inteftinis tenuibus in-
cumbens. Vafa quamvis cera vividi coloris impleta, ob partis adipem cerni vix potuerunt.
K Omenti pars inferior et media, ab utero antea elevata, quae in plicaturas multas quam minimas contrafta jacuit et compreffa.
L	Omentum a latere dextro, poft partem eam uteri, qua incipit
tuba dextra, defcendens.
M Omentum quod in latere finiftro ante tubam fallopiänam, &c, defcenderat, feorfum poft tum, quo partes eae in confpečlum prodirent.
NN Duo inteftinorum tenuium gyri, quorum utrique, maxime autem inferior, omenti parte praedičla tečli fuerant.
0 Uterus, regionem totam umbilicalem et hypogaftricam poffi-dens. Superficies ejus vaforum ramulis tenuibus intertexta: horum pleraque venae. Multa fanguine folummodo impleta, cadavere diutius affervato, paulatim evanuerunt. Situs uteri paulo obliquus, et ad latus dextrum. Umbilicus parte qua ftat haec litera aliquanto altior fuit. Forma uteri quodammodo irregu-laris; aliae ejus partes aliis eminentiores. Id ex eo oritur, partim quod vifceribus vicinis incumbens, praeferri m ad fundum, fe ad eorum formam finxerat; partim etiam quod contenta ejus formam irregulärem prae fe tulerant.
P Tumor ad latus fmiftmm uteri, in ea fcilicet parte cui media placenta interne adhaerefcebat.
Q Uteri tumor in latere dextro, ubi foetus nates jacebant, ubi etiam fcetum per fubftantiam ejus fatis diftinčle tačlu fentire licuit. Undique circum hanc partem uterus aliquanto depreftus, et fac-culi inftar aqua repleti, tačlum afficiebat.
R R Ligamenta rotunda. Siniftrum, propter uteri fitum obliquum, dextro longius. Exitus amborum, angulis inferioribus integumentorum 8cc. filo dedučlis, iri confpečlum veniebat. Quae ftric-tura ibi videtur, nihil aliud eft, quam peritonei in forma thecae duplicario etprotrufio, ea ligamenta per paululum fpatii fequens, quaeque ab eo peritonei proceftu, funem fpermaticum canis vel tauri comitante, gradu tantum differt.
5 S Tubae fallopianae. In latere dextro, folum fere tubas principium cernere licet, parte reliqua poft uterum defcendente. In latere finiftro, tubae media pars fola in confpečlum venit; tegitur enim ejus principium inteftino ibi pofito; finemque ejus, * vel fimbrias, vafa fpermatica occultant. Ea vafa, in latere finiftro, fatis aperte confpiciuntur; fpatium illud totum inter ligamentum rotundum et tubam occupant: vas parvum arteria; magnum ei adhaerens vena. Utraque ad uteri latus, in peritonei duplicatione illa, quas ligamentum latum appellatur, procedunt.
HEfirft t en piate s were made from the diffetiion of a woman,who A. diedfuddenly, in the end of her ninth month ofpregnancy, in the year 1750. Ehe arteries and the veins wereinjetied with zuax of different colours.
Thispiate reprefents the objeti, as it appeared when the abdomen was op ene d by a crucial incifion, and the four angles of the containing parts turned outzvards; the fubjeti lying on itsback, but fo that the upper part oj the trank was corfiderably higher tkan the reji.
The thighs and pudenda require no explanation: the latter of thefe were edematous in the fubjeti, as they appear in this figure.
A A The forepart ofthe cheftjufi below the breafis, where the trunk was cui through, and which therefore terminate s ihe ßgure above. ^
B B The two upper angles of the integuments, mufcles, and peritoneum,
turned back over the cartilaginous margin of the cheff
C C The two inferior angles, turned down over the groin, thigh, and anterior Jpine of the os ilium, on euch fide. In each of thefe, at its lower edge and oppofite to the middle of the thigh, a part may be obferved io be firetched and puckered, where a thread was fixed3 which pulle d the flap down, in order more fully to expofe the womb and adjacent parts.
D	The upper end of the longitudinal incifion, at the pit of the fiomach,
beginmng jufi at the point of the enfform cartilage.
E	The lower end of the fame incifion carried down to the fymphyfts of the
offa pubis.
F	The umbilical orfalciform ligament of the liver, which runs upwards,
on the infide of the abdominal mufcles, to the fiffure between the great
and the f mali lobe of that vifcus.
GG The epigafiric artery and vein, projetiing through ihe peritoneum, upon each of the lower angles of the mufcles.
H	The finali lobe of the liver, fituated m the highefi part of the epi-
gafiric region. Upon its furface are reprefented forne [mali arteries, which emerge from the glandular fubfiance, and are diffufed in the peritoneum that covers it.
I	The omentum, fipread over the finali inteßines in the epigafiric
region. The veffels of this part, tho injetied, were hardly vijible, he-ing obfcured by f at.
K	The lower and middle part of the omentum, which had been pufhed
up by the womb, and lay in numerous fmall folds prefjed together.
L	The omentum, in the right fide, paffing a httle way down behind
that part of the womb from which the right tube begins.
M	The omentum, in the lefifide, which came down before the fallopian
tube, &'c. and ivhichwas thrown a little afide, that thofe parts might be feen.	•
NN	Two turris of the fmall inteßines; bolh of which, but efpecially the
lower, were coverecl by the above-mentioned part of the omentum.
O	The womb, poffeffmg all the umbilical and hypogafiric regions. Its
furface is interfperfed with a number of fmall veffels, the greatefi part of which are veins. They were fiilled with blood only, and therefore gra-dually difappeared after the fubjeti had been preferved forne time. Its fitiiation is a little oblique, and towards the right fide. The navel was a little higher than the part upon which this letter is placed. The form of the ivomb is a little irregulär, at forne places projetiing more than at others. This feemed partly owing to its being moulded upon the neigh-bouring bowels, particularly at its fundus; and partly to its contents; whence,
P A fwelling towards the left fide of the womb, where the middle of the placenta aclhered; and
a A fwelling on the right Jide of the womb, where the buttocks of the  
child lay; and where the child could be felt, pretty difiintily, through its fubftance. All around this part the womb was fomewhat depreffed, and felt like a bag of water.
RR	The round ligaments.	The left is longer than the right, becaufe of the
oblique fituation of the womb. The exit of each was brought io view by drawing down the lower angles of the integuments, b’c. with ihreads: and the appear ance of a firitiure there, was	occafwned	by a fiieath-like
doubling and protrufion	of the peritoneum	attending	thofe ligaments
forne little way; which differed only in degree from that procefs of the peritoneum, which accompanies the fpermatic rope in a dog, or bull.
S S	The fallopian tiibes.	In the right fide,	little more	than the begin-
ning of the tube is feen, the refi running down behind ihe womb. Of the left tube the middle part only is expofed; its beginning at the womb being concealed by the gut which lies upon that part, and the end or fimbriae being covered by the fpermatic veffels. Thofe veffels are pretty difiintily feen in the left fide: they fili up all the fpace between the round ligament and the tube: the fmall vefifel is the artery , and the great, to which that clings, is the vein: bothof them are paffing up to ihe fide of the womb, in that doubling of the peritoneum called, the broad ligament.
CONSPECTUS vifcerum abdominis a latere dextro, partibus continentibus thoracis et hypochondrii, ac maxima omenti parte fublatis.
A A Femora, ubi tranfverfe fciffa, linteo cooperta.
B Spina, fupra diaphragma, tranfverfe diffciffa.
C Coftae oftavae pars.
DD Integumenta et mufculi, ad partem. thoracis pofteriorem, eo loco quo negligenter fejunftus erat truncus, refciffi.
E Mufculorum abdominis angulus inferior, in femur, ut in prae-cedente figura, devolutus.
F Montis, ut dicitur, veneris pars, una cum mufculis abdominis, devoluta.
G Ad finiftrum latus pars huic refpondens.
H Thoracis margo, ad latus fcrobiculi cordis finiftrum, perito-neo et mufculis inverfis, tecius.
I Cartilago mucronata.
KK Coftae inferiores, partefque caeterae continentes feftione longi-tudinali fejunftae, adeo ut, iis quae feftionem et fcrobiculum cordis interjacerent remotis, vifcera hypochondrii dextri fefe videnda offerrent.
L	Pars ima atque pofterior cavi dextri thoracis.
M	Aorta defcendens, eo loco, quo cadaver tranfverfe difciffum
fuerat, deligata; nec non, colorata cera impleta.
N	Oefophagus ibidem deligatus.
0	Superficies fuperior convexa diaphragmatis ; quod, pleura
teftum, in fitu fuo naturali manet.
P Diaphragmatis centri tendinei pars quae in dextro latere fita eft.
Q Venae cavae inferioris truncus, juxta diaphragmatis fuperficiem fuperiorem deligatus.
R R	Pleurae feftae margo, loco quo reflexa de fuperficie fuperiori
diaphragmatis, faciem internam coftarum contegebat.
S S Peritonei fefti margo, loco quo fcilicet a fuperficie diaphragmatis inferiori, membranae inveftientis more, ad faciem internam mufculorum abdominis curfum tenebat.
Superficies inter margines pleurae (RR) et peritonei (SS) connexio eft diaphragmatis ex facie interna coftarum dirupta.
T	Facies interna mufculi tranfverfi peritoneo tefta.
U	Hepatis lobus magnus, vel dexter; in cujus crepidine, ex ad-
verfo literae U, exiguam videre eft foffulam, quam veficula ieIlis figurae fuae aptaverat, faciei internae hepatis hic loci appofita.
V	Hepatis lobus parvus, in hypochondrium finiftrum fefe exten-
dens.
W Ligamentum hepatis falciforme, feu venae umbilicalis reliquiae, loco quo fiffuram hepatis intrat, recifum.
X	Colon ex caeco ad hepar furfum tranfiens.
T 2	Colon, cum appendiculis fuis adipons, finiftrorfum currens,
hepar inter et inteftina tenuia.
XX, Omenti principium vel radix, quod ex intervallo hepatis et in-teftinorum tenuium nafcitur.
aaaa Illorum inteftinorum tenuium gyri aliqui, omento paulo infra marginem hepatis exfciffo, in confpeftum veniunt.
b	Uterus. In facie ejus externa, venas, aliquantulum obfcu-
rius, notare licet. Hae, cum cadaver primum apertum pofui, cera etfi impletae, colore tantum diftinguebantur. Tempore autem quo tabula haec erat delineata, venae, parte jam arefafta, fefe magis projiciebant, ut in figura quodammdo fe videndas offerunt.
c	Ligamentum rotundum in inguen defcendens.
d	Tuba fallopiana, juxta faciem internam offis ilium retrorfum
currens.
e	Tubae extremitas fimbriata, pone latus uteri jacens, hic paulu-
lum educia, nempe ut confpiciatur. Ligamentum rotundum inter et tubam, vafa fpermatica, praefertim vena, confpiciuntur, ad partem uteri anteriorem, cui placenta adhaerebat, praecipue tendentia.
/	Uteri angulus prominens, loco quo foetus nates, utero nondum
adaperto, taftu fentire licebat.
N. B. Coftis nothis lateris dextri remotis, illae quae ad latus erant finiftrum, ex vi refiliendi, marginem thoracis [H) et exinde cartilaginem enfiformem elevarunt; unde facies ejus anterior in dextrum latus oblique tendebat.
Figura hac nondum delineata uterum obfervavi fenfim fubfe-diffe; quapropter ope quam minimae cannulae, uterum, fpiritu vinofo injiciendo, in priftinam figuram reftituere conatus fum.
A V lew of the fame obječt from the right fide, öfter the upper abdo-~/JL minalflap, and the contaming parts of the right hypochondrium had been removed, that the whole mafs of the abdominal vifcera might appear in its natural fituation, the fubječt lying on its back.
A A	The thighs, covered zoith a cloth zvhere they had	been	cut through.
B	The back-bone cut through above the diaphragm.
C	Part of the eighth rib.
D D	The integuments and mufcles at the back part	of	the	chefi,	cut
riidely through in fevering the trunk at that place.
E	The inferior flap of the abdominal mufcles, fac. turned down over the
thigh, as in the prece ding figure.
F	Part of the mons veneris turned afide zuith the abdominal mufcles.
G The refpečlivepart of the left fide.
H The margin of the chefl at the left fide of the fcrobiculus cordis, covered by the peritoneum and mufcles, zvhich are turned over it.
I	The enfiform cartilage.
K K	The lower rib s and other containing parts, cut down longitudinally,
by zvhich means all the parts, between this fečlion and the fcrobiculus cordis were removed, that the vifcera of the right hypochondrium might be expofed to view.
L	The poßerior and lower part of the right cavity of the chefi.
M	The trunk of the defcending aorta, tied up zvhere it zvas cut, and
filled zvith inječlion.
N	The oefophagus, tied up at thefame place.
- O	The ipper convex furface of the diaphragm, zvhich remains, covered
by the pleura, in its naturaljituation.
P	That part of the centrum tendinofum of the diaphragm which is
in the right fiele.
Q, The trunk of the lozver cava tied, clofe to the upper furface of the dia  
phragm.
RR The cut edge of the pleura, where it zvas reßeöled, from the upper furface of the diaphragm, to line the infide of the ribs.
S S	The cut edge of the peritoneum, zvhere it was continued as an in-
vefiing membrane, from the inferior furface of the diaphragm, to the infide of the abdominal mufcles.
The furface which is feen between the edge of the pleura (R R) and that of the peritoneum (SS) is the attachment of the diaphragm cut off from ths infide of the ribs.
T	The infide of the tranfverfus mufcle covered zvith the peritoneum.
U	The great, or right lobe of the Uv er; at the lozver edge of which,
over againß the letter U, there is a fmall notch formed by the concave bed of thegall bladder, which lies upon the infide of the liver at this place. V	The fmall lobe of the liver, which ßretches over into the left hypo-
chondrium, and is thereforefeen in perfpečlive.
W 1 he falciform ligament, or remains of the umbilical vein, cut off as it enters the fiffure of the liver.
X	The colon paffing up frora the caecum to the liver.
Y Y	The colon zvith its appendiculae adipofae running towards the left
fiide, between the liver and fmall guts.
Z Z	The begihmng or root ofthe omentum, coming downwardsfrom the
interßice of the liver and fmall guts. aaaa Some turns of thofe fmall inteßmes brought to view by cutting off the omentum a little below the edge of the liver. b	7 he zuomb. Upon its furface we can trateH though obfeurely, its
veins. Thefe, though injecled3zvere dißinguifhable only by their colöur zvhen the fubjeČl was firfi opened: But when this drawing was made, the part, liaving beenfome time in the air, had become a little dry, and, the veins proječled, as they appear in the figure, c	The round ligament running clown to its peffage into the groin.
d	The fallopian tube running backwards on the infide of the os ilium.
e	7 he fimbriate d end of the tube, lying behind the fide of the womb;
but drawn a little out, that it might be feen.
Betzveen the round ligament and the tube, are feen the fpermatic vef fels, efpecially the vein, which go chiefly, or by their largefl branches, to the forepart of the womb zvhere the placenta aclhered. f	The prominent corner of the zoornb, zvhere the buttocks or loins of the
child were difiinäly feit before the part was opened.
jV. B. The falfe ribs of the right fide having been removed, thofe of the left fide, by their elaßicity raifed up the margin of the chefi (H) and confequently the enfiform cartilage; the anterior furf ace of which was thereby turned. obliquely to the rightfide.
Jiifi before this figure zvas made, I had obferved that the womb had infenfibly fubfided, and therefore by the cannula of a very fmall trocar I injeäed fome fpirits to raife it up, as nearly as I could guefs, to the figure it had when the abdomen was firfi opened.
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PARTIS trunci inferioris profpe&us; oculo fcilicet a parte finiftri lateris fuperiori, oblique deorfum ita collineato, ut univerfa vifcerum compages, una cum diaphragmate, in ßtu fuo naturali appareret.	-	*	.	—	•	.	*	*
A Femur finiftrum. Uteri prominentia femur dextrum oculo fubtrahit.
B Clunis finiftra.
C Integumentorum et mufculorum abdominis, lateris finiftri, angulus inferior in inguen et femur inverfus.
D	Integumentorum et mufculorum abdominis fe<5tio tranfverfa.
EE	Partium abdominis continentium fe<5tio longitudinalis, ab ili-
um offe furfum dufta. Hac feflione, angulus fuperior partium continentium omnino aufertur, ut vifcera hypochondrii finiftri in confpeftu ponantur.
FF	Partium thoracis continentium pofteriorum fečtio tranfverfa*
G	Vertebra tranfverfe fcifla.
H Medulla fpinalis.
11 Cavorum thoracis partes inferiores pofticae, quae, pulmonibus fublatis, vacuae confpici polfunt.
KK	Diaphragma fuperficiem convexam hepatis complecftens.
L	Cartilago mucronata, diaphragmati adhuc adhaerens.
M Diaphragmatis ad latus dextrum convexitas magna; quae in hoc cadavere, parte huic confentanea in latere finiftro elatior comparuit. Ibi etiam vafa nonnulla confpiciuntur; quorum ma-jora, venae fcilicet phrenicae, cera impleta funt a vena cava; hinc altius extantia.
Ef Diaphragmatis fuperftcies, qua pericardio annečlitur, quaeque cor fuftinet.
0	Vena cava, ubi per diaphragma tranfit, deligata.
P	Oefophagus fupra diaphragma deligatus. Hunc cera injetfta,
dum per arterias fluebat, materia colorante amifla, in ventriculum tranfiens, implevit.
Q	Aorta, eodem modo, ubi corporis truncus tranfverfe fuerat
fciflus, fupra diaphragma, deligata.
Oefophagus et aorta, una cum fpinae prominentia, cavum fatis magnum in diaphragmatis parte poftica et fuperiori efficiunt. RSTU Diaphragma in hypochondrio finiftro recifum. Ex parte pofteriori, labia {TU) ejufdem fiflurae in diaphragmate mutuo recedunt ; et ex parte anteriori, anguli (R S) inverfi funt, nempe ut vifcera hypochondrii finiftri in confpečtum veniant.
V Hepatis extremitas finiftra.
W	Ventriculi extremitas finiftra.
XX Lienis margo anterior denticulatus. a	Hepatis lobus dexter.
b	Ligamentum falciforme, fiffuram hepatis intrans.
c	Hepatis lobi finiftri ea pars quae in regione epigaftrica fedem
habet.
dddd	Omenti radix dextrorfum de ventriculo et colo, hepar interet
inteftina tenuia, defcendens. eeff	Omenti radix in hypochondrio finiftro ita difpofita, ut cavum
fuum exhibeat. Ea pars, quae marfupii omenti anteriorem partem facit {ee), quaeque de ventriculo defcendit, ventriculo jam et hepati incumbit replicata: omenti autem pars pofterior, quae colo connečiitur {ff) ante inteftina tenuia in proprio manet fitu. gg	Omenti radix, ventriculum inter et lienem.
h h	Omenti pars ad latus finiftrum, in fitu fuo naturali, tenuia in-
ter inteftina et peritoneum faciem internam tranfverfalis abdominis integens.
i ii i	Inteftinorum tenuium gyri multo inferiores et frequentiores
hac in parte, quam eorum, quae in latere dextro jacent; partim propter obliquitatem uteri, praecipue autem quod in latere dextro hepatis moles minus fpatii inteftinis permittit. k	Uterus. Tempore quo figura haec delineabatur, pars uteri fu-
perior arefcere coeperat, unde vafa infar&a, magis confpicua fefe exhibebant: minorum pleraque arteriae funt; majora omnia venae. I	Ligamentum rotundum.
m	Tuba.
n	Arteriae fpermaticae ramus magnus, trans ligamentum latum ad
uterum repens.
oo	Ramorum, venae fcilicet fpermaticae, majorum fafciculus, per
ligamentum latum ad uterum afcendentium,
Vieto, from the left fide and downwards, of the lower part of the trunk; fo prepared, as to fiew the whole mafs of the bowels, with the diaphragm, in their natural fituation.
A The left thigk. The righl thigh is covered from our viezv by the proječlion of the wornb.
B	The left buttock.
C	The lower flap of the integuments and abdominal mufcles on the	left
fide, tumed down over the groin and thigh,
DD The fečtion of the integuments and mufcles, made by the tranfverfe tncifion of the belly,
EE	A longitudinal fečtion of the	containing parts of the belly, carried	up-
wards from the os ilium, or	pofterior extremity of the tranfverfe	in-
cifion, parallel to the fpine; whereby the upper flap of the containing parts is entirely removed, to Jhew the vifcera of the left hypochon-drium.
F F	A tranfverfe fečtion of the pofterior containing	parts	of the	cheft.
G	The body of the vertebra cut through,
H	The fpinal marrow,
I I	The lower pofterior parts of the cavities	of	the	cheft,	which	are feen
empty, the lungs being removed,
KK	The diaphragm, embracing the convex furface of the liver,
L	The enfiform cartilage left adhering to the diaphragm.
M	The great convexity of the diaphragm in the right fide, which in
this fubječt was much higher than the analagouspart in the left. Upon this part, fome veffels are feen: the larger are the phrenic veins, which were ftlled with wax from the cava, and are therefore prominent.
N The furface of the diaphragm, where the pericardium is uniied with -at, and upon which the heart refts.
O	The vena cava tied, as it paffes through the diaphragm.
P	The oefophagus,	tied above the diaphragm. It	was ftlled	by	the	in-
ječtion, which paffed	without the red colour, from	the arteries	into	the
ftomach.
0. The aorta, in the fame manner tied above the diaphragm, where the trunk of the body was cut through.
The oefophagus and aorta, aswellas the proječlion of the fpine, make a confiderable notch npon the upper pofterior part of the diaphragm. RSTU The diaphragm, flit up in the left hypochondrium. At the pof terior part, the lips of the fiffure in the diaphragm (T U) recede from each other; and forwards, the corners (R S) are inverted, to Jhew the vifcera in the left hypochondrium: vizy V	The left extremity	of the liver;
WW	The left, or great	extremity of the ftomach; and
XX The fpleen: its anterior edge indented. a	The right, or great lobe of the liver.
b	The falciform ligament, entering the fiffure of the	liver.
c	That part ofthefmall lobe of the liver which lies in the epigaftric region.
dddd	The root of the omentum towards the right fide, coming down from
the ftomach and colon, between the liver and the fmall inteftines. ee ff The root of the omentum in the left hypochondrium, fo difpofed as	to Jhew its cavity. Wliat makes the anterior part of the pouch	of the
omentum (ee) which comes down from the bottom	of the ftomach,	is
turned up over the ftomach and liver: and the pofterior part of the omentum (ff) which is Jixed to the colon is left, in its natural fituation, before the fmall inteftines. gg	The root of the omentum, between the ftomach and fpleen.
hhh	Part of the omentum in the left fide, in its natural fituation, between
the fmall inteftines and the peritoneum which lines the tranfverfalis mufcle.
iiii The convolutions of the fmall inteftines, which are confiderably lower ancl in greater quantity in this fide than in the right'; partly becaufe of the obliquity of the womb, but chiefly becaufe in that fide the liver comes low down, andleaves little fpace for inteftines. k The womb: zuhich had begun to dry at its upper part when tliis figure was taken; fo that the inječled veffels began to appear more remarkably. The finaller are chiefly arteries; the larger are all veins.
1	The round ligament.
m	The tube.
n A large brauch of the fpermatic artery going acrofs the broad ligament to the womb.
o o	A group of large veins from the fpermatic, mounting in the broad li-
gament to the womb.
LJ TE RU S, et contenta pelvis a parte anteriori: offa pubis, / cum integumentis, et fuperiori pudendorum parte, omnino fuerant abfciffa, quo cervix uteri, et velica fimul urinaria ei prae-tenfa, oculo inciderent.
A A Femora tranfverfe abfciffa.
BB Mufculorum abdominis, et peritonei, anguli inferiores, in latera reflexi.
C Uterus; cujus in tota fuperficie, perque fubftantiam, vafa cera impleta, et exinde prominentia, confpiciuntur.
DD Os pubis utrinque fupra foramen magnum ifchii refetffum.
EE Ifchii proceffus parvus, co in loco ubi ofli pubis committitur!
refecius.
F Perinaeum.
GG Labia pudendi: horum pars fuperior, nymphae etiam, et cli-toridis extremitas, abfcinduntur.
HH Caruncula myrtiformis infignis.
I Vagina. In parte hujus introitus inferiore (nigriore fcilicet in hac tabula), vaginae cavum, tam retrorfum quam furfum ducens, repraefentatur. Ad literam (I) confpicitur vaginae pars fuperior et anterior, quae cum velica urinaria et urethra conne<5litur, quaeque a vifceribus incumbentibus deprimitur. Ad pundum etiam orificii hujufce, fufci, ovati, fuperius, urethrae extremitas prominens, meatufque urinarii orificium confpiciuntur.
K Clitoridis corpus tranfverfe difčiflum: in medio, duas arteriolas fere contiguas, fcilicet in utroque corpore cavernofo unam, cernere licet.
LL Clitoridis crura et erecffores. LXaec, offibus pubis quibus annectuntur fublatis, magis horizonti ad libellam, quam in litu fuo naturali, refpondentia jacent. Sejumffione autem oflium pelvis, nempe ut contenta ejus melius poffint confpici, extenduntur.
M Veficae urinariae pars fuperior, fimul utero, pone fito, et caput foetus continenti, fimul offibus pubis unitis, eam exadverfum ambientibus, compreffa.
JV'JV' Peritoneum reflexum, telaque cellulofa, latera integens pelvis, et ei uteri parti quam offa pubis amplecluntur, circumjacens.
0 Ex peritoneo et tela cellulofa refečiis, margo, eo loco ubi de velica urinaria ad faciem internam mufculorum abdominis tegendam, fupra offa pubis, afcendunt.
PP Ligamenta rotunda, abdominis intra cavum.
Ligamenta rotunda, eo in loco ubi ex abdomine recedentia fefe in montis veneris lateribus fenlim recondunt.
R R Mufculi femoris, offibus piibis exorti, refciffi.
Fore-view of the womb, andojthe contents of the pelvis ; the olla pubis ,with the mufcles and integuments which cover them, being removed.
A A	The	thighs cut through.
BB	The	lower angles, or flaps of the	abdominal	mnfcles	and	peritoneum
turned afide.
C The wornb. AU over its Jnrface the inječted vejfels are Je en proječling through its fubflance.
D D The os pubis of each fide cut through, above the foramen magnum ifchii.
E E	The fmallbrauch of the ifchium which joins tlie os pubis, cut through.
F	The	perinaeum.
GG	The	labia pudendi. The	upper	part	of	thofe,	the	nymphae	and
the extremity of the clitoris are cut ojf.
H A large caruncula myrtiformis.
I The vagina. At the lower part ofthisp affage, the deeper black part of the furface, in t his figure, reprefents the cavity of the vagina leading back-war ds as well as upwards: and w her e this let ter (I )ftands, is Je en the upper or antenor part of the vagina which is united to the bladder and urethra, and which is preffed downwards by the vifcera tkat lie over it. At the upper pomt of this dark oval orißce, the tuberous extremity of the urethra is feen, with the orißce of the meatus urinarius.
K The body of the clitoris cut through; in the middle of which two fmall artenes are feen almofl contiguous, viz. one in each corpus ca-vernofum.
L L T. ne crura and erectores clitoridis. Thefe lie more horizontally than in the natural f ate, the offa pubis, p? c. which fufpend them, being removed : and they are fireiched or lengthened, from the bones of the pelvis being drawn a little afunder that the contents might be better feen.
M The upper part of the bladder, which was compreffed between the womb containing the chilfs head, which lay behind it, and the united offa pubis which had embraced it forwards.
N N	The	reflečled peritoneum and cellular membrane,	which	lines the
ßdes of	the pelvis, furrounding that part of the womb	which	was em-
braced by the offa pubis.
O The cut edge of the peritoneum and cellular membrane, where thefe afccnd from the bladder to line the abdominal mufcles above the offa pubis.
P P	The	round ligaments within the cavity of the abdomen
0,0,	The	1 ound hgaments after they have paffed out of	the abdomen,
where they are infenfibly loft in the fides of the mons veneris.
RR The mufcles of the thigh, which fpr ing from the offa pubis, cut
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UTERI pars anterior et dextra, cauta manu ab adhaerentibus fecundinis leparata, et in finiftrum latus reflexa.	Id
eo fačium eft confilio, ut pars membranae deciduae ac	placentae,
cum vafis earundem cera repletis, et fuperficies uteri cui adhae-ferant interna, oculis exponerentur. Partes lineis defignatas proxime fequens tabula exhibet integras. Priorem autem hic habet locum linearum de fequenti tabula explanatio, ne literae in-fculptae nimis illam obfcurarent.
A A	Femorum fuperiora.
BB De angulis inferioribus partium continentium abdominis, quod fupereft, in offa ilium reflexum. Anguli utrinque, perito-neo vafis diftinčto integuntur; quod vero, ex parte, praefertim in latere finiftro, ad curfum vaforum epigaftricorum retegendum, exfcindebatur.
C C	Offa pubis fupra foramina ifchium tranfverfe fciffa.
D D	Ifchium proceffus afcendentes tranfverfe fcifli.
Offa haec pelvis, fymphyfi pubis fublata, laxa evaferunt; et in latere finiftro, ad defcenfum uteri in cavum pelvis magis illuftran-dum, extrorfum fuerunt evulfa.
E E	Arteriae inguinales.
FF Venae inguinales.	.
GG	Arteriae epigaftricae.
HH Venae epigaftricae........................ A	'	•
I	Arteria obturatoria finiftri lateris, epigaftricae fcilicet ramus.
KKK	Ligamenta rotunda ex abdomine ad	exteriora vaforum	epi-
gaftricorum defcendentia.
L L Sečlio integumentorum etmufculorum, in utroque inguine, fačia nimirum, dum partes pelvis anteriores continentes amovebantur.
M	Perinaeum.
NN	Labiorum pudendi partes imae.
0	Hymenis reliquiae.
P	Vagina.
QQ	Clitoridis crura.
R	Urethra ex parte fuperiori in longum	diffiffa et expaffa.
SSSS	Vefica urinaria, anteriorem inferioris	extremitatis uteri	porti-
onem ambiens.
T Veficae urinariae cavum, partem ejus anteriorem ab urethra fur-fum incidendo, öculis fubječium.
UU Uteri extremitas parva vel inferior, in cavo pelvis pofita. Ea pars quae circundata fuerat margine pelvis, fatis evidenter con-ftričia fuit: quam fuper uterus ftatim eminentior evafit, quippe partes quae facilius cedunt eum ibi amplečlebantur.
VVV	Uteri facies exterior.
X Vaforum fpermaticorum in latere finiftro chorus.
TT Uteri fubftantia, ad dextrum latus, ab fundo penitus diffeda. In hac fečtione vafa refeda occurrunt; quod autem ad figuram attinet inordinata, quippe cera friabili adimpleta. Venae coloris funt lucidioris ac grandes; exiliores arteriae, atquefufcae; fundum verfus uteri utraeque minores quam in parte inferiori, ubi a lateribus uteri ad placentam tranfibant. Uteri craflitudo cum magnitudine vaforum his in locis proportionis legem quodammodo fervat.
VL Decidua, five membrana exterior, ramulis venarum ab facie interna uteri ad eam tranfeuntium diftimfta. a	Iiic decidua vafis referta et opaca, cauta manu fublata fuit.
Nulla hic loci, vel in chorio, vel in amnio, venarum, ex injectione cerae, fpecies fuit. Altera enim pars per alteram adeo perlucebat, ut foetus cutem diftinfte cernere liceret. b b Externae fuperficiei placentae portio, hic cera extra venas uteri effufa, illic venis ipfis cera impletis, a facie interna uteri ad eam
tranfeuntibus interftinčta. c	Arteria cera rubri coloris impleta, quae ab utero abrupta fuit,
et, femel circumvoluta, in placentam fe immifit. d d Ejus partis uteri, quae deciduam ( antea obtexerat, facies interna. In hac fuperficie venae quae per deciduam ramos fuos diffuderunt, abruptae confpiciuntur. e e	Ejus partis uteri quae placentam	{bb) obtexerat	facies	interna.
Haec quidem fuperficies cera extra vafa effufa fpecimen prae fe tulit. Quae autem afpečlu primo, extra vafa effufio videbatur, re vera, venarum complanatarum, cum anaftomofibus frequentioribus, ex utero ad placentam peroblique tranfeuntium, cera adimpletarum, fpecies fuit. Cujus quod fequitur fit fpecimen.
/	In fubftantia uteri vena.
g	Ejufdem venae in placentam continuatio.
h	Uteri facies interna hic cavata,	et venae	dimidium,	quae curfu
peroblique tranfibat, formans.
rH E firfi view of the opened zuomb. Its Jubßance is cut througk on the right fide and turned to	the left;	by which means part of
the decidua and of the placenta, as	well as the infide of that portion
of the wornb, are expofed in the injededflate. All the parts reprefented in out-lines are feen finifhed in the next plate. The explanation is given here, that the other might notbe obfcured with engraved letters.
A A	The upper part of the thighs.
B B	Part of the lower corners of the containing	parts of the abdomen
turned down over the offa ilium. They are covered by the vafcular peritoneum; which (in the leftßde efpecially) was partly cut away, to fhew the courfe of the epigaßric vejfels.
C C	The offa pubis cut through above the foramina ifchium.
DD	The afcending proceffes of the ifchia cut through.
Thefe bonesof the pelvis became loofe, from the lofs of the fymphyfis at the pubes ; and on the left ßde they were drawn outwards, to Jhew more fully the defcent of the worab into the cavity of the pelvis.
E E	The inguinal arteries.
F F	The inguinal veins.
G G	The epigaßric arteries.
H H	The epigaßric veins.
I	The obturator artery of the	left ßde,	a	brauch	of the epigaßric.
KKK	The round ligaments defcending from	the	abdomen	upon the outßde
of the epigaßric v eff eis.
L L The fedion of the integuments and mufcles in each groin, which was made in removing the anterior containing parts of the pelvis.
M The perinaeum.
N N The lower extremities of the labia pudendi.
O The remains of the hymen.
P The vagina.
Thecrura clitoridis.
R	urethra	ßit on its upper part, through its whole length, and
fpread out.
SSSS The bladder fpread round the forepart of the lower end of the womb.
. T	The cavity of the bladder expofed by an incifion through its forepart
from the urethra upwards.
U U The fnall or lower extremity of the womb, lodged in the cavity of the pelvis. There was a manifefi conßridion upon that part of it which was furrounded by the bnm of the pelvis; above which the womb fwell-ed out immediately, being there embraced by more yielding parts.
VVV The outßde of the body and fundus of the womb.
X	The clufier offpermatic vejfels of the left ßde.
Y Y	Thefubßance of the womb cut quite through, from the fundus down-
wards on the right ßde. In this fedion the cut vejfels bear an irregulär figure, which was occafioned by the crumbling of the wax with which they were filled. The veins are of a light colour, and large; the arteries dark, and fmall in proportion. At the upper part of the womb, both of them are fnall in comparifon with what they are lower down, where they were paffing from the ßdes of the womb to the placenta : and the thicknefs of the womb bears fome proportion to the fize of its vejfels in thefe different places.
Z Z The external membrane, or decidua, full of fmall branching veins which pafj'ed into it rom the internal furface of the womb. a	At this place the vafcular and opake decidua was carefully removed:
there was no appearance of injeded veins upon the chorion, or in the amnion; both of which were fo tranfparent, that the chilcCsfiin could be feen dißindly through them.
bb A portion of the external furface of the placenta, interfperfed partly with extravafated wax, from the venal fyfiem of the womb, and partly with injeded veins, paffing into it from the interior furface of the womb.
c	An artery filled with red wax, which was broken offfrom the womb.
It made one circumvolution, andplunged into the placenta.
d d The inner furface of that part of the womb which was in contad with the decidua (Z Z). Upon this furface the veins are feen broken off, which difperfed their branches through the decidua.
e e The inßde of that part of the womb which covered the placenta (b b). Upon this furface there was indeed fome extravafated wax. But the greateß part of what feemed, at firfi ßight, to be exiravafation, proved to be injeded veins, of a fiattened figure with numerous anaftomofes, paffing from the womb to the placenta in a very fianting diredion. The following infiance may ferve as a fpecimen. f	Avein in the fubßance of the uterus,
g	The fame vein continued into the placenta.
h	The inner furface of the womb hollowed3 and forming half of the vein,
which paffed here in a very fianting diredion.
jp OE T U S in utero pröut a natura pofitus.
Omnes hujus figurae partes, utero et iis quae in eo continentur exceptis, eaedem fere funt cum iis, quae, in tabula praecedenti lineis exterioribus, literifque jamjam explanatae funt. In hoc tantum difcrepant, nimirum hic veficae urinariae pars fupe-rior omnino fublata eft, ad foetus caput in parte uteri inferiori exhibendum. Uteri et fecundarum pars anterior,, una cum placenta, omnino fublata eft. Funis umbilicalis eft diffciffus, deligatus, et in marginem uteri refedi fmiftrorfum reflexus. Ad fundum uteri membranae inveftientes etiam in marginem uteri quo melius poffint confpici inverfae funt. Caput foetus in uteri parte inferiori, in pelvis fcilicet cavo, ponitur; corpus ejus praecipue in latere dextro jacet. Pofitio obliqua, vel ad lineam diagonalem appropinquans ; unde partes pofteriores antrorfum funt et ad matris latus dextrum ; partes anteriores retrorfum et ad latus finiftrum verfae. Pes dexter inter femur finiftrum et tibiam occurrit. Corpus, uti infantibus denuo utero exclufis plerumque fit, muco albo pinguiufculo foedatum: fcilicet hic mucus, ad dorfi partem fuperiorem, ex rugis in corpore foetus, motuque fuo lineis interfe<5la, oculis fubjicitur. Repraefentatur quaeque pars eodem modo quo primum occurrebat, ne quidem vel digiti articulo deturbato, partem aliquam magis illuftrandi, aut tabulam elegantiorem reddendi gratia.
rT IS reprefents the cliild in the wornb, in iis natural fitua-iion..
Ali the parts of this figure, except the womb, and its contenti, are nearly the fame as thofe reprefenkd by out-lines in the fifth piate, where they are lettered and explained. The only difference is, that here all the upper part of the bladder is cut away\ in order to fhew the fituation oj the child's head in the lower part of the womb. All the for ep ar t, both of the womb and of the fecundines, (which included the placenta) is removed. The naveljlring is cut, tied, and turned to the left fide, over the edge of the womb. At the fundus the invefiing membrane s are likewife turned over the edge of the womb, that they might be more apparent. The head of the child is lodged in the lower part of the womb, or in the cavity of the pelvis ; and its body lies principally in the right fide. Its pofition is diagonal or oblique: fo that its poßerior parts are turnedforwards and to the right fide of the mother, and its foreparts are direčled backwar ds and to the.left fide. Its right foot appears be-tween its left thigh and leg.	Its body was covered with a white,	greafy
mucus, which is commonly feen on children at their birth. This is re-prefented at the upper part \of its back, ivhere it was interfečled with lines, from the wrinkles and motion of the child's body. Every part is reprefented juß as it was found; not fo much as one joint of a finger having been moved to ßiew any part more difiinötly, or to give a more piölurefque ejfeä.
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T A B U L A VII.
P L A T E
VII.
SUBLATO foetu, paries uteri confpicitur intimus et pofti-cus, membranis fuis adhuc veftitus. Partes lineis adumbratae in praecedenti tabula fe ad plenum dedere.
A	Partis uteri projectio verfus interna. Haec nata eft a fpina, vafis
magnis, et praecipue ex aorta, quae hic loci in arterias duas iliacas	A
fe dividit. Pars projefta, cadaveris fitu fupinato adaufta, fuperi-orem et pofticam uteri partem in cava duo lateralia retrorfum dividit. Cavum dextrum, propter obliquitatem hujus uteri, fmiftro majus fuit, et maximam foetus partem continuit.
BB Partes duae eodem modo proje&ae, fcilicet ob proječUonem mufculorum pfoae, vaforumque iliacorum. Obliqua haec juga, uteri cava fuperiora lateralia ab inferiore azygo, in pelve polito, fecernunt; in parte hujus ima pofteriore oculis fubjicitur C Os tincae, paulo ad latus dextrum verfum. Uterus in flatu laxo, rugofo,uti foetu vacuus apparebat, repraefentatur. Paries totus internus membranis fuis veftitus. Per eas venae cera impletae, tales quales in hac figura, diftinfte fe videndas exhibuerunt.
A Fore-view of the cavity of the womb, as it appeared when the jTL child was taken out, and the inveßing membranes left adhering. The parts which are expreffed by out-lines are nearly the Jame as in ■hiate V and VI- the firft oj which may be confulted for the explanation.
An internalproječlion of the womb, occafioned by the fpine and great veffels efpecially the aorta which divides at this place into the two iliac arteries This projeBion, which is encreafed by the fupine pofition of the fubieä, 'divides the upper part of the womb backwards into two lateral canities The risht cavity, from the obhquity of the womb in this cafe, was larger than the left, and contained the greateft part of the child B B Two fimilar projeäions occafioned, in the fame manner, by the proječlion of the pfoce mu feles, and of the iliac veffels. Thefe oblique ndges divide the ubber lateral cavities of the womb, from the azygos lower cavity which is fituated in the pelvis; at the lower poflerior part of which is feen C Theos tincae, in this cafe a little on the right fide. te wom is re prefented in the loofe rugous ßate, as it appeared w len empiy, an is whole internal furface is covered by the membranes. ^ iroug t eje e injected veins were dißinötly feen, as they appear in ihisfgw e.
PARTES proxime poft gravidum uterum fitae ; utero ipfo fede fua amoto, et in pudenda devoluto. Offa pubis 8cc. prius fuerant abfciffa, ut in tabula quarta.
Femora, partefque caeteras lineis adumbratas, in tabula quinta jam jam explanata, cernere licet.
AAA	Uterus.
B BBB Inteftina tenuia quae fundo uteri arde circumjacebant.
CCCC Inteftinorum tenuium (cum mefenterio DDD) gyri, qui, poft uterum, in latere finiftro, fpinam inter et os ilium, fupraque partem oblique prominentem, e mufculo fcilicet pfoa et vaiis iliacis formatam, jacebant.
E Inteftini ilei pars inferior, (cujus mefenterium F) uterum inter et furcam aortae decurrens ad
G	Terminationem fuam in caeco.
HHH Caecum in cellas corrugatum propter ligamenta carnofa per longitudinem ejus tendentia.
I	Caeci ligamentum anterius.
K	Appendix caeci vermiformis.
L	Caecum in colon continuatum.
M	Colon cum omento, loco in quo furfum et finiftrorfum fub
hepar afcendit, lineis adumbratum.
J\T Siniftri lateris colon, poft inteftina tenuia in faciem internam offis ilium defcendens.
0 0 Colon vafa iliaca tranfiens, et in pelvis cavum decurrens rectum continuo appellatum. Id fufpenfum cernitur de parte extrema mefocoli, fupra vafa iliaca finiftra expanfi. Hoc in loco inteftinum coardatum fuit, et adipe involutum.
P P	In cavo facri, inteftini redi priores gyri.
0	Trunci venae cavae extremitas, quae hic in iliacas fe dividit.
R	Vertebrae lumborum infimae facies anterior.
S	Subftantia, ligamenti natura praedita, vertebram inter proxime
didam et facri partem fummam.
T	Offis facri fummi facies anterior.
U	Vena facra.
Partes quae literis^, R, 5, T, [7, notantur, per peritoneum illis incumbens confpiciuntur.
V	Ureter dexter vafa iliaca tranfiens, et in pelvis latus de-
currens.
W	Arteriae dextrae iliacae truncus.
X	Venae dextrae iliacae truncus.
T	Pfoas dexter.
7^	Arteria iliaca externa.
a	Vena iliaca externa.
Ut partes, quae literis F, W, T, 7^ et a notantur, in confpec-tum venirent, peritoneum illas obtegens fuerat perfciffum, mem-branaque cellulofa quae circumjacebat cultro anatomico fub-lata.
b	Vena iliaca interna.
c	Ureter finifter per membranam cellulofam poft peritoneum,
et ante arteriam iliacam, ad pelvim tranfiens. Quo hic in confpedum prodiret, peritoneum et mefocoli pars inferior fuerant perfciffa, paululum etiam membranae cellulofae fubla-tum.
dd Vafa fpermatica dextri lateris poft caecum, peritoneo teda, de-fcendentia.
e e	Eadem vafa ad terminum fuperiorem ligamenti lati, in uterum,
tubam, et ovarium fe diffundentia.
/f	Tubae dextrae pars.
g	Ovarii dextri pars.
h	Siniftri lateris vafa fpermatica.
1	Tuba finiftra.
k	Ovarium finiftrum,
A View of the parts which lay immediately behindthe womb, and wluch ivere in contačt with it. They zu ere brought to viewby turning down the empty womb over the pudendum ; the offa pubis, hc. having been removed, as in the preceding figures.
The thighs and other parts expreffed by out-lines ,are nearly in the
fame flate as in piate V. where the explanation is given.
AAA The womb.
BBBB The Jmall intejlines which lay around, and in contačt with the upper part of the womb.
CCCC Thofe turns ofthefmall inteflines (and DDD the mefentery) which lay behind the womb in the left fide, between the fpine and os ilium, and above the oblique ridge formed by the pfoas and iliac veffels.
E	The lowerpart of the inteftinum ileon, and (F) its mefentery. It
paffed between. the womb and the bifurcation of the aorta to G	Its termination in the aecum, where it was covered externally with
an appendicula epiploica.
HHH 7 he caecum, corrugated into cells by its longitudinal flefny bands, or ligaments.
7 he	anterior band or ligament of the caecum.
K	The	appendix caeci vermiformis.
L	The	continuation of the caecum into the colon.
M	The	colon and omentum reprefented in out-lines, where this intef
tine mounts upwards, and to the left, under the liver.
N The colon in the left fide, coming down, from behind the finali intef tines, upon the infide of the os ilium.
O O The colon paffing over the iliac veffels into the cavity of the pelvis, where its continuation is called rečtum. It is here fufpended by the ex-tremity of the mefocolon which is expanded over the left iliac veffels. At this part the gut was contračled, and involve d	in fiat.
PP	The firfll turns 'of the re&um in the hollow of	the facrum.
Q,	The extremity of the trunk of the vena cava,	which	divides at this
plače into the iliac v eins.
R	The forepart of the lowefl	vertebra	of	the loins.
S	The ligamentous fubflance	between	the	laft	mentioned vertebra and
the upper part of the facrum.
T	The forepart of the uppermofl bone of the facrum.
U	The vena facra.
The parts which are marked O^ R, S,T, U, are feen through the peritoneum that covers them.
V The riglit	paffing over the ihac.vejfels mto thefide of the pelvis.
W	The common trunk of the right iliac artery.
X	The common trunk of the right iliac v ein.
Y	The right pfoas mufcle.
Z	The external iliac artery.
a	The external iliac v ein.
The parts marked V, W,X,Z,^nJa, were brought to view by flitting the peritoneum which covered them, and diffeding away the cellular membrane at that plače. b	The internal iliac vein.
c	The left-ureter paffing in tlie cellular membrane behind the perito-
neum, and before the iliac artery, to the pelvis. This was brought to view, by makmg a longflit in the peritoneum, and lower part of the mefocolon, and taking away a fmall quantity of the cellular membrane. d d The fpermatic veffels of the right fiide, coming down from behind the caecum and covered by the peritoneum.
e e	The farne veffels at the upper end of the broad ligament, dijfujing
themfelves into the womb, tube, and ovary. ff	Part of the right tube.
g Part of the right ovary. h The fpermatic veffels of the left fide. i	The left tube,
k	The left ovary.
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TABULA IX.
P L A T E IX.
"lp ELVIS a latere ad plenum confpečta, una cum contentis A ejus, partibufque contiguis; per medium fcilicet divifa, ut offium flexurae, et fitus partium internarum oculo facilius exhiberi poffent. Imperfečla e fl: haec figura ad pubem, extrorfum pariter atque intioifum. Partes quae hic deficiunt, cultro feparatae funt, dum cadaver ad auquas tabularum praecedentium pingendas parabatur. Defe&um autem abunde fupplebit tab. XXII, in hunc finem dehneata.
A Femur dextrum a parte interiori.
B B B B Lumborum vertebrae quatuor inferiores. Has inter cernitur fub-ftantia ligamentofa, extans, inaequalis, circa medium praefertim ubi molliffima eft, et facile tumefcit, fi quando fečla fuerit, et in aqua macerata.
CCCC Vertebrarum earundem proceffus fpinales.
D Vertebrarum lumborum canalis, in quo reliquiae quaedam caudae equinae, obfcure licet, confpiciuntur.
E E Mufculorum lumbos extendentium partes inferiores.
F Lumborum membrana adipofa et cutis.
GGG Sacri offa tria fuperiora.
H H Sacri offa duo inferiora, primumque coccygis, firmiter coalita.
I Coccygis os fecundum, quod, ope mediae cartilaginis, ad primum facile movetur.
K Coccygis offa duo inferiora in unum coalita, parique ad fecundum mobilitate praedita.
L	Sacri fpina.- M Sacri canalis.
JSf	Mufculorum abdominis et integumentorum	anguli	inferioris
pars, in offis ilium fpinam reflexa.
0	Vena inguinalis magna epigaftricam emittens, quam etiam
arteria ejufdem nominis comitatur.
P Femoris mufculi, ex offe pubis orti, quique' in offe eo fejungen-do fuerant perfciffi.
Q.	Os pubis fupra foramen magnum difTciffum.
R	Idem os, ubi ramo parvo ifchii committitur,	diffcifTum.
In loco quo litera P occurrit, lineis punčtis adumbrata re-praefentatur partis ejus offis pubis, quae abfciffa fuerat, figura. Nota * iifdem lineis adumbratam fymphyfin oftendit.
S	Pars carnofa anum inter et os coccygis.
T	Anus omnino apertus.
U	Rečli pars inferior hac fečlione expofita. In hac figura videas,
inteftinum idem ab ano furfum progrediens oculo dum perfe-queris, id fe retrorfum deflexiife, nempe ut ad faciem internam offis coccygis veniret.
V	Hic rečtum ad latus finiftrum fe deflexit, folainque membra-
nam fuam cellulofam in hac fečlione cernere licebat.
W W	Rečlum fečlione apertum, ubi ante coccygis os primum, facri-
que offa tria inferiora, decurrebat.
X	Hic rečlum omnino in	latere dextro jacebat,	nec id aperuit fciffura.
T	Rečlum diffcifTum, ubi	de latere dextro ad os	fecundum facri decurre-
bat, et in flexuram coli figmoideam curfum fuum tenebat.
^	Vena cava.  a Arteria iliaca dextra.
b	In hoc loco vena iliaca finiflra fuerat diffciffa; cera autem,quae inječla fue-
rat, utpote friata, jam delapfa, vena haud fatis clare fe in confpečlum dedit. c	Perinaei fečlio.
d	Labii dextri, ad partem inferiorem, facies interna.
e	Nymphae dextrae, ad partem inferiorem, facies interna.
f	Coarčlatio, hymenifve reliquiae, ubi incipit vagina.
g	Meatus urinarii extremitas. h h Vaginae cavum.
i	In hoc loco vagina et	rectum funt	coalita.	Rečlum vagina denfius.
k	Vaginae pars anterior,	cum urethra et vefica	urinaria conjunčla.
U	Os uteri in vagina, ad	os coccygis vergens.
Qpamvis in hoc cadavere fundus uteri dextrorfum inclinatus fuerat, os uteri tamen adeo ad dextrum fe tenebat, ut cultrum anatomicum has partes fecantem fugeret. m m	Ad os tincae, uteri et vaginae fubftantia coalita.
n n	Uteri in duas partes aequales fečii margo pofierior.
o o	Uteri fečli pars anterior. Sečlio haec nequaquam per medium uteri fe
habebat, fed ad latus dextrum haud paululum; etenim ut figurae praecedentes commode poffent delineari, cadaver hoc modo neceffe habui difponere. p	Os uteri intus.-------q	Uteri paries	internus	membranis fuis veftitus.
Fundus uteri in hac figura non repraefentatur; tum quoniam id a pro-pofita ratione alienum duxi, tum quoniam uterus adeo flaccidus et tener tunc temporis erat, ut in fitu fuo naturali, ad arbitrium et ufum pičloris, minime potuerit retineri.
Membranae, tempore quo tabula haec delineabatur, ipfae fe ab utero fere prorfus fejunxerant. In parte fuperiori, decidua, ubi fe ab utero receperat, venulis abundavit; juxta os uteri, vix ullum horum vaforum vefligium apparuit. r	Meatus urinae.
f	Veficae urinariae	pars	inferior, uteri cervicem inter et vaginae partem
fuperiorem fita. Omnis veficae portio poft fymphyfin pubis fita jamdu-dum abfciffa fuerat. Melius autem mihi vifum eft, figuram vel curtam dare, quam aliquod ingenio excogitatum pingere.
A
Fall fide-view of the pelvis with its contents, and adjacent parts, cut down through the middle, to Jhew the turns of the bones, and the fituation of the internal parts, Thisfigure is imperfečl at the pubes, both externally and internally; the defečlive parts having been cut away, inpre-paring the fubječt for fome of the precedingfigures. But what is wanting inthefe, may befeen in piate XXII, which was mtended as a fupplement to this.
A	The infide of the right thigh.
BBBB	The bodies of the four lowermoft lumbar vertebra.
Between thefe the ligamentousfubflances are reprefentedprominent, and unequal, efpecially near the centre, where they are foftefl and rnofl dif pofed to fxvell when Joaked in water, and cut through.
CCCC The fpinal proceffes of the fame vertebrae.
D	The c anal of the lumbar vertebrae in which fome	remains	of	the
cauda equina is indiftinclly feen.
EE	The lozuer part of the extending mufcles of the loins.
F	The adipofe membrane and fkin oj the loins.
GGG	The three fuperior component bones of the os facrum.
H H	The two lowermofi bones of the facrum, and the firfi	of the coccyx,
firmly anchylofed.
I	The fecond bone of the coccyx, moveable on the firß	by	means	of an
mtermediate cartilage.
K The two laß bones of the coccyx grown into one, and moveable on the fecond bone by the intervention of a cartilage.
L The fpine of the facrum. M The Jpinal canal in the facrum.
N	Part of the lower fiap of the abdominal mufcles and integuments, tum-
ed over the fpine of the os ilium.
0	The great inguinal vein, fending off the epigafiric, which is accom-pamed with the artery of the fame name.
P	The mufcles of the thigh which arofe from the os pubis, and which
w ere cut through when that bone was removed.
Q,	The os pubis cut through ab ove the foramen magnum.
R	The fame bone cut through at its conjunčtion with the fmall brauch	oj
the ifchium.
Where the letter P fiands, is reprefented, in dotted out-lines, the figure of that part of the os pubis which was cut ofif\ and the mark * is upon the fymphyfis in the fame out-lines.
S	Theflefhy part between the os coccygis and the anus.
T	The anus confiderably opened.
U	The lower part of the rečlum laid open by the fečlion.	In	tracing
the gut from the anus upwards, we fee from this figure that ii iakes a bend backwar ds, to get at the infide of the os coccygis.
V	Her e the rečlum ma.de a turn to the left fiele, and its furrounding cellular membrane only was feen in the fedion.
WW 7 he rečlum laid open by the fečlion, where it runs before the firfi bone of the coccyx, and the three lowermofi pieces of the facrum.
X	Her e the rečlum lay intirely in the right fide, and, was not opened by the fečlion.
Y	The rečlum cut through, by the fečlion, where itpajfed jrom the rightfide, aerofs the fecond bone of the facrum, and was continue d into thefigmoide flexureofthe colon.
7^	The vena cava. a The right iliac artery.
b	Here the left iliac vein was cut through : but tke brittle wax with which it was
filled had fallen out, and the vein was feen indiflinöily. c	The fečlion of the perinaeum.
d	The infide of the lower part of the right labium,
e	The infide of the lower part of the right nympha,
f	The flriäure at the beginning of the vagina, or remains of the li^men.
g	The extremity of the meatus urinarius. — h h The cavityof the vagina.
1	The compound fubfiance of the vagina and rečlum, the latter of which is con-ßderably the thickeß.
k	The forepart of the vagina united with the urethra	and	bladder.
II	The mouth of the womb in the vagina, direäed töwards	the	os	coccygis.
Though the bottom of the womb, in this c aß, was direäed towards the right fide,
its mouth lay fo much on the right fide, that it wa$ not touched in making the middle fečlion of all the parts.
mm	The fubfiance of the womb and vagina blended, at the os tinese.
n n	The edge of the biffečled womb backwards.
oo	The edge of the womb forwards. This fečlion was not in the middle, but con-
fiderably on the rightfide. It had been ma.de to prepare the fubječl for fome of the preceding figures.. p	The mouth of the tuomb internally.
q	The infide of the womb lined with the membranes.
7 he bottom of the womb is not reprefented in this figure; both becaufe it was not very material here, and becaufe it was becomefo flaccidand tender, that it couldnot be well kept out, in its natunalfituation, before the painter.
The membranes were almofl entirely feparatedfrom the womb, of themfelves, when this figure was made. In the upper part the decidua was full of fmall veins, even where it parted of iifelf from the womb; but near the mouth of the womb, hardly any fach v eff eis appeared.
r	The meatus urinae.
f The lower part of the bladder, placed between the neck of the womb and the upper part of the vagina. The upper part of the bladder, which was fituated behind the fymphyfis of the pubes, had been cut away before this fečlion was made; and we chof to leave the figure imperfe čl, ratherthan venture to delineate fromfancy.
F I G.
I.
FIG.
LT T E R I pars anterior et extima, pröut fe videndam praebuit, ' omnino ficcata, exhibens faciem vaforum uterinorum, qualem illa prae fe ferunt, eo loci ubi placenta utero adhaeret.
Venae cera flava impletae, ab arteriis, magnitudine, colore lucidiori, anaftomofibus pluribus, facile dignofcuntur. Arteriae enim, minores, pauciores, flexuofae, coloris magis luridi hic loci funt. Arteriae omnes convolutae ; pauciores autem videbantur, quia multi earum ramuli, cera flava, venis prius injefla, impleti fuerint. Hujus exemplum unum eft ad literam A.
Venas profundius fitas, per uterum ficcatum cernere non licuit; indiftindae igitur, nulloque ordine, ita uti vifae funt, delineantur.
F I G.
II.
Facies interna placentae, cujus vafa per funiculum umbilicalem cera funt repleta.
A Cannula aenea in arteriarum alteram umbilicalium inferta, per quam utraque arteria cera viridi implebatur.
B	In vena cannula, per quam cera caerulea illi injeda fuit.
C C	Amnion, in parte quadam placentae, laxum reličlum.
D D Placentae, qua amnion fublatum eft, fuperficies intima chorio produfto cooperta. Hoc in loco rami primi vaforum umbilicalium confpiciuntur. Arteriae colore lucidiori facile poffunt dignofci.
Hic arteriae quidem lucidiores, ut in figura, apparebant; tunicis fcilicet earum pellucidis colorem -cerae injectae viridem lucidiorem tranfmittentibus : In funiculo autem umbilicali aliter fe res habet; quippe vena, in medio pofita, undique glutinofa funiculi fubftantia fuit inteda; unde cera caerulea ad livorem propius accedens vifa eft.
E Deciduae pars in margine placentae relicia, inque faciem ejus internam reflexa ; nempe ut fuperficies ejus exterior, utero quae adhaeferat, vafis parvulis (cera flava per venas uteri impletis) referta, poflit exhiberi.
Placenta cera flava ubique turgida, quae fubftantiam ejus cel-lulofam adeo implevit, ut in facie interna ubique per chorion tranfluceret. Cera ubique quafi in grana abiit, quod inde cava naturalia impleverat, indicium certum exhibens :	fi	enim	pla-
centam, vafis effufa imple viffet, in mallas majores, irreguläres formatam, fe ad confpečlum dediiTet. Cera in hanc fpongiofam, five cellulofam partem, injefta, placentae craffitudo naturali duplo major evaferat.
F I G.
III.
Mulieris, die fecundo poft partum extindae, uterifuperficiei internae pars.
Decem his tabulis jam delineatis, eas ftatim in lucem edere propofui; et fimul hancce tertiam figuram, quafi fupplementum, addere, utpote folum quod tunc temporis potui. Difcrimen exhibet inter fuperficiem uteri (A, B, C) cui membranae adhaeferant, et fuperficiem (Z), E, F) cui placenta fe immiferat; illam quidem laevem et unius formae; hanc autem orificiis magnis venarum refertam. Ubi primum haec orificia fub examen venerant, omnia grumis coagulati fanguinis referta comperi, in cavum uteri nonnihil extantibus. Utero vero aliquamdiu in aqua macerato, coagula haec magis albida evaferunt; nonnulla exciderunt; et aliqua etiam extrada funt, ut venarum orificia clarius monftrari poflent. Ita fe res habuit, cum figura haec delineabatur.
A View oj the outfide of the forepart of the wornb, as it appear-*/1 ed when quite dry; exhibiting a Jpecimen of the uterine veffels, at the part where the placenta adhered.
The veins were Jilled with yellow wax, and are readily difiinguifhed by the largenefs, light colour, and Jrequent anaftomofes, from the ar-teries, which are here Jmaller, lefi numerous, ferpentine, and of a darker colour. The arteries zuere all convoluted; but they did not appear to be fo numerous, becaufe many of the branches ivere filled with the yellow wax, which had been thrown into the veins. This is feen, in one in-Jlance, at the letter A.
The deeperfeated veins could not be difiindly feen through the dried fubfiance of the womb, and are therefore reprefented with the fame ob-fcurity and confufion which appeared in the obje čl itfelf.
FIG.
II.
1 he infide of the placenta, which was inječled by the umbilical vef Jels öfter it was taken out of the womb.
A	A brafs-pipe tied into one of the umbilical arteries, by which the two
arteries were filled with green wax.
B	A pipe in the vein, by which it was filled with blue wax.
C C The amnion lefi loofe upon one part of the placenta.
D D The internal furface of the placenta, where the amnion was remov-ed, covered by a continuation of the chorion: upoji this are [ee?i the firfi branche s of the umbilical veffels. The arteries are fufficiently difiinguifh-able by their lighter colour.
They appeared fo from being filled with a lighter colour ed green wax, andfrom the tranfparency of their coats: but on the navelflring it was the contrary; becaufe the vein, being the moft central, was	covered	with
a gre ater thicknefs of the gelatinous fubfiance of the firing,	and	therefore
did not allow the darker-coloured blue wax to be fo wellfeen.
E	Part of the decidua lefi at the edge, and turned over the infide of the
placenta, fo a s tofhew its outer furface (which had adhered to the womb) fiull ojfinali veffels, inječled with yellow wax from the uterine veins.
The body of the placenta was uniformly filled with the yellow wax. This had fo compleatly filled all the cellular fubfiance of the placenta that upon the infide it appeared every where through the chorion. And the wax was every where manifefily gr anulate d; fo that it had plainly filled natural cavities •* for if it had filled the fubfiance of the placenta by common extravafation, it would have formed itfelf into irregulär and large majfes. From this inječlion of the fpungy or cellular part, the placenta had acquired at leafi double its natural thicknefs.
F I G.
III.
Aportion of the internal furface of the womb, from a woman who died two days afiter delivery.
When thefe ten plates were finifhed, I intended to have publifked them immediately; and this third figure was added, as the only fupple-ment which I could grue at that time. It fhews the dijference belween the furface of the womb (A, B, C,) where the membrane s had adhered, and that furface (D, E, F,) to which the placenta had beenfixed. The firfi was much more finooth and uniform; the latter was full of large venous ori-fices. At the firfi examination, all thefe orifices were found filled up with plugs ofi coagulated blood, which proječled fome way into the cavity oj the womb. The part bemgfieepedfome time in water, they became whiter, and many oj them Jell out, or were pulle d out, to fhew the orifices ofi the veins more clearly. In this fiate the drawing was made.
-L .y .-ayjtway/c tiuxms.
TAB. X.. Fig. 1.A/ird mtfc//w?r el nti/niti,yirüt^ je///m tlmmjy eo /&0/, ////i	u/m?	a//////'/yS ■ Fig‘. H. Vz/v//;/
Fi«;.EI. ^sS^aAay maA^/^io /wv
-L.C. L^&LCrt;
wm ft/m t/€/
vm.//mr jtöeafa-, m://///mjpiuz/m, vaj/rrmns uZ/yrm/ry/z/my, l //nftyrm/y	re/ue&zs.
'/,	/i/wfo?/p Ji//^/y^X£/y ////////w ufart/.
TAB. XI. r/// a/m ////////’jy?, mm/? ^r?//ata//a/?a	/m/no//Vu/^m a/mamr & m/z/w mi/////m
ide/ruj, ečofa/ulujutffa na/zraam m/t/. Ha, jayH, wra, tumida,, <fu#fue, a//ia,ftam, mlnarmi e?
wrwxwas u/sra /t/njhtcu'nltjr- e$s,	a/mji///raai; '	a///ay/ae •
.
TABULA XL
PLATE XI.
AB alia muliere, nono graviditatis menfe haemorrhagia uterina e medio fublata. Gonfpicitur uterus, et offa pubis juxta naturam fita. Vafa, inječta cera, turgida; quaeque ad partem inferiorem et cervicem uteri dignofcuntur effe ampliffima, arguunt placentam parti illi adhaefiffe.
A	Fundi uteri pars media et fumma.
B Uteri pars quae fcilicet in cadavere fuit ex adverfo umbilici.
C	Symphyfis offium pubis.
D	Membrana adipofa ad fundum veficae urinariae.
EE	Os pubis utrinque, ad locum fere quo offi ilium committitur,
perfciffum.
FF	Utriufque offis ifchii ramus parvus, ad locum quo offi pubis ad-
jungitur, perfciffus.
GGG	Contenta pelvis omnia, antrorfum offibus pubis obtečla.
H	Infra hanc literam meatus urinarii orificium.
I	Ab hac litera furfum ad meatum urinarium vaginae principium;
infraque hanc literam aditus ad re<5lum
K	Strato intimo ani fphinfteris circutnteftus.
Labia pudendi, perinaeum et anus hic non habent locum; in fitu enim fuo reli&a erant in cadavere, quippe illud externe mutilum et deforme reddere non liceret.
L L	Tubae.
MM	Fimbriae.
JSf JV'	Ligamenta rotunda.
0	Ovarii pars.
PP	Vaforum fpermaticorum utrinque ad uterum afcendentium
fafciculus.
QQ	Vafa hypogaftrica, in latere uteri, ad conjunöionem cum fper-
maticis afcendentia.
R	Uteri venae magnae in loco cui placenta interne adhaerebat.
T7R 0 M a Jecond fubječl, viz, a woman who died of a flooding in the Jl ninth month ofpregnancy. It reprefents a fore-view of the womb,
• with the offa pubis in the naturalßtuation. The ßtuation of the large veffels, which were inječted,Jhews, that the placenta was attached for-wards, and to the lower part of the womb.
A	The middle and higheft part of the bottom of tlie womb.
B	That part of the womb which, as it lay m thedead body, was direäly
oppofite to the navel.
G	The fymphyfis of the ofia pubis.
L)	The adipofe membrane upon the fundus of the bladder.
E E	The os pubis ofeachfide, cut through near its union with the os ilmm.
FF	The fmall brauch ofeach os ifchii, cut through near its conjunclion
with the os pubis.
GGG The whole contents of the pelvis coveredforwards by the oüa pubis. H	Immediately below this letter isfeen the orifice ofthe meatus urmanus.
I	From this letter upzuards to the meatus urinarius is feen the egm-
ning of the vagina; and immediately below this letter I is feen the paj-fage into the reclum, firronnded by K The inner ftratum of the fphinfter ani.	•	•	i
The Labia, perinaeum and anus were left in the body, that it might not be disfigured outwardly.
L L	The tubes.
M M	The fimbriae.
N N	The round ligaments.
O	Part ofthe ovarium.
P P	The group offpermatic veffels, on eachßde, approaching the womb.
The hypogaflric vefjels mounting upon the fides of the womb tojoin the fpermatic.
R	The great veins of the womb in that place to which, internally, the
placenta ivas attached.
AB eadem, qua praecedens, muliere, exhibet apertum plane a parte poftica uterum cum vagina, quo fitus foetus, parf-que inferior placentae, fub foetus capite, indicarentur. Placenta fcilicet orificio uteri interno accreverat, eoque fub finem graviditatis dilatato, feparata eft: unde hsemorrhagia, et mors.
A A	Tubae fallopianae.
jß Ovarium fimftrum ; cujus ad extremitatem inferiorem videre
eft
C	Corpus luteum extans.
D	Ovarium dextrum.
E	Vaforum fpermaticorum	ad	uterum	afcendentium fafciculus.
FFF	Subftantiae uteri fečiio.
G Vaginas per incifionem apertae et expaffae facies interna.
HH	Os uteri.
I	Placentae partis inferioris	facies	externa,	in lobos	partita,	quae
quondam cervici et ori uteri interne adhaeferat; tempore autem parturiendi inftante, partium illarum dilatatione fejunda fuerat, unde neceftario haemorrhagia.
KK Membranae de margine placentae exeuntes, capitifque foetus partem inferiorem amplečientes, perfciffae. Spatium, quod inter cervicis uteri partem interiorem, et fecundas, vacuum occurrit, in cadavere fanguine coagulato refertum comperi.
Situs partefque foetus explanatione non egent.
ROM the fame fubječl, a view of the womb and vagina fully open-ed on the back part, to Jhew theßtuation of the chüd, and of the lower part of the placenta at the infide of the mouth of the womb, under the child s he ad, and detached from the womb; the occafion of the fatal hemorrhage.
AA The fallopian tubes.
B	The left ovarium, at the lower end of which	is feen
C	The proječting corpus luteum.
D	The right ovarium.
E	The group of fpermatic veffels approaching	the fides of the womb.
FFF	The fečlion of the fnbßance of the womb.
G The infide of the vagina, which is laid open by a longitudinal ineiß-on, andfpread out.
H H	The mouth of the womb.
I	The external lobulated'Jur face of the lower part of the placenta; which
had originally ftuch to the infide of the neck and mouth of the womb; but as parturition approached, the dilatation of thefe parts occafioned a fepa-ration, which was neceffanly followed by an hemorrhage.
K K The membranes cut through zvhere they were coming out from the border ofthe placenta, and enclofing the moß depending part of the child's head.
The vacant fpace which is feen between the inßde of the neck of the womb, and the fecundines, was full of clotted, blood in the dead body.
The ßtuation y and thefever al parts of the child require no explanation.
iiur?i'
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7’A n. X7l. a/s mdems, {juta//wtewx/erM, mauere/; eawMefi a/wräwn//w^tica;	mmtis vtzat/na,
; //</■/* /y//f	f/Y/zr/w/Z/r, //// - 'Ar///. /	cst/ufo	/fl/ac&n/a	^c/Y/^efr	or/ßc/.o >
sMW ,/////,/ ,//,>'
///zv/	//('('/'<’/'/V/
y//<; ä?yA/r/ <jvs/' fr//fs/// (jn/vu//Z(?//'> r/i/^/a/o, fir///// ///</<• t/w*/,tu//f4>-, > cf/un//</ r,j/.
JU&: J^Tov: i 5. < 1 7 <+)(?
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TAB. xrn. Jf terte) c/idawr&.noTw wwtdtentü	■	4fwrte utero(faywuiefirwMUwjma,wtiegrut.J
*	'	/7
//M'/sf/si jtejZ/refi, u/zi/T a/zm zz///	O/Jvrt''/mvz/z/i/z/zz z<t, m rzz/Zzzz^^zi/z/vz^ f z^zzzjzzz/zzi/zzz^z ///^z ffx^zziz/zj,
jz/zzj \ywj7zz,(^/zzzV/zr c’z'rr/zzj r\>/J r/r//jy///'/Yu/'. /'z/jz.z, l/f&rc r&nz	re/?/rtiz/.
Uub: Jfav: 15: 1^1 4; bu iZV. rfbunt&r.
TABULA XIII.
PLATE XIII.
A Tertio cadavere, nono graviditatis menfe. Uteri confpeo tus ab anteriori, cum vagina et vefica urinaria. Pariete hujus anteriori, cum fecundis ei adhaerentibus, incifo, et in fundum ejus reclinato, litus foetus erečti confpicitur. Vafa uteri, cera prius inječta, turgida fuerunt.
A	Vefica urinaria in fitu fuo naturali, refpečtu habito ad uterum.
B	Vaginae pars fuperior et extima, quae fub fymphyfi offium pu-
bis jacet, quaeque ibi cum urethra connečlitur.
C	Vaginae cavum in confpe&u pofitum, cum labia partefque
aliae externae fuerant abfcilfae, quo fpecimen hoc e cadavere exi-miretur.
DD	Vafa fpermatica, ad uteri latera afcendentia.
EE	Tubae; quarum extremitates, feu fimbriae, fub racemo vafo-
rum fpermaticorum, occultantur.
F	In uteri latere dextro, vena magna, ab anaftomofi venarum,
hypogaftricae fcilicet et fpermaticae, ortum fuum ducens.
GG	Ligamenta rotunda.
HH	Uteri pars anterior, cum portione placentae quae ei adhaere-
bat, incifa, et in fundum uteri reclinata, ut foetus in confpec-tum prodiret.
III	Uteri fubftantiae, et membranarum inveftientium, fečlio.
KK	Eadem fe<5tio per placentae fubflantiam dučla, quae uteri parti
anteriori in latere dextro adhaerebat. Ex figura inverfa latus dextrum finiftrum fit.
L	Funis umbilici, a foetu ad placentam tranfiens.
T7R 0 M a third fubječt, in the ninth month ofpregnancy. A fore-view Jl of the womb (with thevagina and vefica urinaria) in which all the inclofing parts were cut through, and turned up, to ßiew the fituation of the child, with its head upwards. The vejfels of the womb had been
previoufly inječled.
A	The bladder, in its natural fituation with refpeä to the womb.
B	The upper and extevnal pavt of the vagina, which lies undev	the
fymphyfis of the offa pubis, and where the urethra is united with it. C The cavity of the vagina expofed, where the labia and other exter-nal parts had been cut off, in talung this part from the dead body.
D D	The fpermatic veffels, paßng up towards the fides ofthe womb.
EE	The tubes3 of which the extremities, or fimbriae, ^ concealed	be-
fand the group of fpermatic vejfels.
F The great vein on the right fide of the womb, formed by the anaßo
mofing hypogaftric and fpermatic veins.
GG	The round ligaments.
HH	The forepart of the womb, with that part of the placenta which
adhered to it, cut up, and turned back over the fundus oj the wom ,
to bring the child to view.
III The feäion of the fubßance of the womb, and of the inveßing membrane s.
KK The fame feäion carriecl through the fubßance of the placenta, which, in this cafe, was fixed to the forepart and right fide (wluch is the left in this inverte d figure) of the womb.
L The navelfiring paffing from the child to the placenta.
A Ouarto cadavere, nono itidem graviditatis menfe. Fafciculi fibrarum mufcularium, in parte interna uteri, triplici figura exhibentur.	*
Hac parte uteri per aliquot dies in aqua macerata, decidua jam tenera abftergebatur.
F I G. X.
Uteri inverfi, et in latus paululum reclinati, facies pofterior interna.
A	Uteri os relaxatum; fupraquod, pauloobfcurius licet, cervicis
rugae, ramorum adinflar difpofitae, cernuntur.
BB Uteri pars angufta, margine pelvis antea circumcin&a.
CC Seta in orificio utriufque tubae; quam circum fafciculi fibrarum ad mufculos pertinentium, in orbes, eodem centro terminatos, fe difponunt.
D Hic fafciculi, in orbem difpofiti, uterum cingunt.
E Uteri fundi pars media, qua ordines lii duo fibrarum, tubas cingentium, inter fe coeunt, five fe invicem contingunt.
F	Interftitium triangulare, tres inter ordines fibrarum praedira-
rum, ubi mutuo inter fe coeunt, diverfumque ordinem et curfum tenent.
F	I	G.	II.
Ejufdem uteri, forma minuta, confpeftus a latere.
A	Uteri os.
B	Seta in orificio tubae.
C	Fibrarum, fine ordine difpofitarum, ftratum, faciem internam
fafciculorum, qui in circulum fleftuntur, obtegentes.
F	I	G.	III.
Ejufdem uteri partis anterioris facies interna.
A	Os uteri; fupra quod rugae anteriores, in ramos abeuntes, fe in
confpečium dant.
B	Superficiei cui placenta adhaeferat pars media, ubi fibrae fafeias
fine ullo ordine formabant; quas inter, venarum orificia, in placentae partem fpongiofam curfum tenentium, paffim occurrunt.
Ad cervicem uteri, fibrae mufculofae, in fafciculos colledae, nullae confpiciuntur.
ROM a fourth fubječl, at nine months. Tliisfiiews the dijpofition of the mufcular fafciculi on the infide of the womb, in three different views.
The part was fleeped in water fome days, wliereby the decidua was made tender, and then brufhed off.
FIG.	i.
The inner Jurface of the poßerior part of the womb, turned a little to one fide.
A	T he relaxed mouth of the womb, oyer which are faintly feen the branch-
ing rugae of the neck of the womb.
BB The narrow part of the womb, which was embraced by the brim of the pelvis.
C C A brißte put	into the orifice of	each	tube,	round which the fafciculi
of mufcular fibres	are ranged into	concentnc	circles.
D	The fafciculi going circularly round	the	body of the	womb.
E	The middle of the fundus of the womb,	wliere	the	two	Orders of cir-
cular fibres, which furround the tubes, meet, or become reciprocally tangent s.
F	The triangular interßice betioeen the three Orders of circular fibres,
where they are cdl blende d, and take a variety of direčtions.
FIG.	II.
Aßde-view of the fame womb, in miniature.
A	The 7nouth of the womb.
B	A brißle in the orifice of the tube.
C	An irregulär ftratum of fibres, upon the infide of the circular fafciculi.
FIG.	III.
The inner furface of the anterior part of the fame womb.
A	The mouth of the womb: over which are feen the anterior brauch-
ing rugae.
B	The centre of the furface to which the placenta adhered, where the
fibres formed irregulär, interwöven bands; in the interßiees of which were the orifices of the veins which went into the fpungy part of the placenta.
At the cervix no difiinti mufcular fibres appear on the internal furface of the womb.
T^i n. X7l. a// eade/m,', yiua/, mt/Aere/; mAi/'et afierfiw/z//i/aw?- /i< fw/rfc//ukt/zixt' ufamni' cwms
yj//) jt/ttsi	PJtiic/wifa' j///j &'&///j at/ufo m<//a.wm////r. /ift/ac&rtM	(>r/^rr./b
////v/ m/s/FZW arr/y//rvri/7} änf/U/y ,j////^///y///y <flyj/vu///<///,> ////afaA), /d/a/ ///</' s/u'/jurn# Jt^umr/^ r,j/.
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TAB,XV. rtyamfo (d///M/^,nx77W efr/i/m/^a^Čerio-cf-tMn/2ti&rt/^urw	Fig*.	I.	cčacz&j	///srtsmi/v<vki6,tf/u?
///eo (//(t(w?/<7>. Iig.IT. (Zrt?/nces/uiffartv Ute/ro	/^/.T ig.IV. üzct&ms Sf'u/ndu'nv
/uirrnitmifoj. Fig. v;	///	(h/ct/ru*	//<’/'	JivtAo,	%?	<&	\	Ja/><r
<W//////(}’.
A Quinto cadavere, nono etiam geftationis menfe, fyftema arteriofum uteri quintuplici figura expreflum.
Mulier haec, poft partum neutiquam difficilem, in animi deliquium inciderat, caufa quidem aditantes latente; horis autem duabus a partu nondum lapfis, illam mors abftulit. Arteria cera rubri coloris impleta.
F I G. I.
Facies uteri inverfi, quo praefertim loco placenta adhaeferat.
Pars media fuperficiei, cui placenta adhaeferat, in fundi parte poftica, et paulo ad latus finiftrum fitae.

BB Arteriae convolutae quamplurimae, quarum extremitates, quo loco per
deciduam ad placentam decurrerant, ruptae funt.
C C Orificia venarum uteri (vulgo finus appellata) quae per deciduam ad placentam decurrerant: haec multo plura quam quae in figura repraefen-tantur; minora praefertim innumera. Ex venarum illarum curfu, uteri fcilicet fuperficiei parallelo, aere non prius inflato, orificia vix poflunt confpici. Earum igitur flatu diftenfarum maxima pars delineatur, nimirum ut umbris infertis, magis confpicuae evaderent, et curfus etiam earum obliquus, nec non orificia ramorum inter fe coeuntium, in confpec-tum venirent.
D Uteri fuperficiei pars cui membranae adhaeferant. Vafa hujus partis, omnia quam minima. Pars etiam ipfa laevior, quam ea cui Placenta fe immi-ferat. Faciei deciduae externae perfedlam quandam fimilitudinem prae fe ferebat.
E	Uteri internae lamellae pars, cultro anatomico fublata, et reclinata,	ea
mente, ut confpicerentur
F	Uteri fibrarum fafciculi, quorum maxima pars circulos conficiunt.
G	Oris uteri dilatati margo, veficulis glutinofis diftin&us.
H	Cervicis uteri, ad partem pofticam, rugae pennatae, quae vulgo valvulae
appellantur.
/	Vaginae inverfae pars.
F I G. II.
Arteriae partem uteri ejufdem anteriorem perreptantes. Uteri facies externa jam ficcata fuerat, et inde pellucida adeo facfta, ut arteriae in con-Ipecfium diftincfle venirent, pariter ac fi in luperficie extima difpeifae fuiffent. Uterus hic duodecim fuit pollices longus: unde facile patebit, quantum mole contrahatur in hac figura*, quantum etiam in figura tertia et quarta, quae ad eandem normam delineantur. Pars haec dum are-fcebat, in longitudinemquam latitudinem magis diftenfa fuit; quapropter uterus, in hac, et in figura proxime fequenti, longior eft quam ex natura.
A Peritonei refedli margo, eo loci, quo, ab utero ad veficam urinariam reflečlitur.
B B Tubae.
C	Ovarium finiftrum. — D Ovarium dextrum. Vid. fig. V.
E E	Ligamenta rotunda; quorum in finiftro eft arteria magna flexuofa, ab
ramo fpermaticae, per anaftomofin conjunčtae cum hypogaftrica, tranfmif-fa: in dextro aliquot funt minores.
F Truncus arteria: finiftrae hypogaftricae, ad cervicis uteri latus afcendentis.
G Truncus arteriae finiftrae fpermaticae, in ligamenti lati duplicationem
tranfeuntis.
Arteriarum diftributionem in utero explanare haud opus eft. Curfus enim earum flexuoli, anaftomofefque plurimae, per fe fatis patent.
F	I	G.	III.
Eundem exhibet uterum a parie poftica vifum.
B B. C. D. E E. Vid. fig. II. — F Arteria hypogaftrica dextra.
G G Arteriae fpermaticae ad ligamenta lata excurrentes.
H H	In ea parte uteri cui placenta adhaeferat arteriae flexuofe confertae.
Si arterias in hac figura, cum iis in figura praecedenti conferamus, eas multo majores, magifque convolutas effe, in latere eo uteri, cui placenta adhaeferat, cernere licebit. In utero gravido, curfus fanguinis maxime in placentam diligitur.
F	I	G.	IV.
Fundum exhibet uteri, parte poftica furfum \eifa.
p	Tubae.    D Ovarium finiftrum.
C	Ovarium dextrum. ------------ H H Vid. fig. III.
F	I	G.	V.
Ovarium dextrum et tuba	ejufdem uteri.
A	Tuba.  B Tubae ligamentum, mefenterio quodammodo refpondens.
C C	Tubae orificium externum, fimbriis folia referentious ciicumdatum.
D	Fimbriae a latere utroque orificii tuba:, per ligamentum, ad ovarn ex-
tremitatem externam, continuatae.
E E	Ovario jam aperto, arteriae flexuofae, per fubftantiam ejus fpar ae, con-
fpiciuntur.	.
F F	Hac in parte corpus luteum, per medium divifum, in ovarn iub tan-
tia cernitur. Nulla confpiciuntur vafa in centro, quod colore eft albido. Circa centrum illud undiquaque, fubftantia ejus vafculis abundat.
IVE figures, from afifth fubječt at the Juli time, io explain the ar-terial fyftem of the pregnant womb.
This woman, immediately after a natural labour, grew faint, as was Jaid, without an apparent caufe; and died within the jpace of two hours. Ehe ar tenes were inječted with red wax.
F I G. I.
‘Ehe womb inverte d.
A The centre of the furface to which the placenta had been fixed; which was at the back-part of the fundus, and a little on the left fide.
B B Innumerable convoluted arteries, with broken extremities, whereihey had paffed
througli the decidua into the placenta.
C C C The orifices of thofe uterine veins, commonly called finufes, which had pajfed through the decidua to the placenta. Thefe orifices were much more numerous than they are reprefented in this figure. The finaller efpecially were innumerable. The paffage, or direčlion of thefe veins, was almoft parallel to the furface of the womb;-fo that their orifices were fcarce perceptible, without being inflated. Moft of them are reprefented in that fiate; both that they may be more diflinčl, by hauinga little fhade, and that tkeir oblique direčlion, and the orifices oj their communica-
tions, or anafiomofing branches, may be feen.
D	Part of the furface of the womb where the membranes had adhered. This was
furnifiied with very fmall veffels only; and was much finoother than that part to which the placenta had adhered. In every refpečl it was like the outer furface of the decidua.
E	Part of the inner lamella of the womb, raifed by diffečlion, and turned to one
fide, to fhew
F	Thefafciculated fibres of the womb, mofi of which, at this place, were ncaily cir-
cular.
G	The border, formed by the dilate d mouth of the womb, and fludded with gelati-
nous veficles.
H	The	branching rugae commonly	called valves, at the poflerior part of the neck
of the womb.
I	Part	of the inverted vagina.
F I G. II.
A fore -view of the outfide of the fame womb, after it was dried, and become fo tranfparent, that the arteries could be feen difiindlly, as if they had been difperfed on its outer furface. The objed was twelve inches long; from which it will be un-derflood, how much the fcale is reduced, in this, as well as in the third and fourth figures, which are delineated to the fame proportion. In drying, the preparation was unavoidablymore firetched in its length, than in itswidth; whence in this, and in the following figure, the womb is more oblong, than it is naturally.
A The edge of the cut peritoneum, where it was reflečled from the womb to the bladder.
B B	The	tubes. -— C The left ovary.
D	The	right ovary. See fig. V.
E E The round ligaments. In the left there is one large ferpentine artery, fent down from an anafiomofing branch of the fpermatic and of the hypogafiric: in the right there are feveral finali arteries.
F	The trunk of the left hypogafiric artery, mounting upon the fide oj the neck of
the womb.
G	The trunk of the left fpermatic artery, paffing into the duplicature of the broad
ligament.
The difiribution of the arteries upon the womb requires no explanation. Their ferpentine courfe, and f requent anaftomofes are apparent.
F	I G.	III.
A	back-view	of the fame Jubječl. BB.	C. D.	E	E.	See	fig.	II.
F	The right hypogafiric	artery.
G G	The fpermatic arteries paffing into the broad	ligaments.
HH	The crouded ferpentine arteries in that part	of the womb where the	placenta
adhered.
By comparing the arteries in this figure, ivith	thofe in the preceding, we fee that
they are much larger, and more convoluted, in	that fide of the womb to	which the
placenta is fixed; the great current of blood being towards the placenta.
F	I G.	IV.
A füll view	of the fundus	of the fame womb,	the	back part	being upwards.
B B The tubes. D The left ovary.
C The right ovary.   H H See fig. III.
F I G. V.
The right ovary and tube of the fame womb.
A	The tube. — B The	ligament of the tube, analogous to the mefentery.
C C	The external orifice of the tube, furrounded by foliage-like fimbriae.
D	The fimbriae continued from each fide of the orifice of the tube, ali along the
ligament, between that and the outer end of the ovary.
E E	The ovary cut open,	with ferpentine arteries interfperfed through its fubftance.
F F	Here, inthefubfiance	of the ovary, the corpus luteum is feen, fplit through	the
middle. Jio veffels appear at its centre, which is of a white complexion ; but ajl around that centre, Us fubftance is very vafcular.
A Sexto cadavere, očtavo menfe, uterus a latere dextro vifus, atque ita inječta cera praeparatus, et fcalpello anatomico denudatus, ut vaforum ad eum acceffus, eörumque primae ramifi-cationes quam clariffime appareant. A parte poftica, adhuc peri toneo laevi coopertus eft uterus. In parte autem anteriori, qua placenta interne adhaerebat, liratum externum uteri fubftantiae cultro anatomico fublatum fuit.
A A Cervicis uteri, nullo modo dilatati, facies exterior. Os uteri literae inferiori A oppofitum ; ab qua parte deorfum, pars vaginae, adipe tefta, relinquitur.
B B In uteri fuperficie ftri&ura, ubi margine pelvis antea fuit circumdatus.
CC Tuba; poft quam ovarium oblitefcebat.
DD Ligamentum rotundum, cultro anatomico diffečhim; nimirum ut vena, ex parte inferiore tortuofa, binaeque arteriae convolutae, ex vafis fpermaticis omnes ortum ducentes, in confpečlumvenirent.
E Arteria hypogaftrica.
F	Vena hypogaftrica.
Vafa haec ramos quam plurimos ad vaginam dimittunt, et per latus uteri afcendunt, nimirum ut per anaftomofin cum fpermaticis fuis propriis coeant. Partem utriufque trunci, adminiflra-tione infuforia neceffario deftručlam, ingenium piftoris fupplevit.
G	Arteria fpermatica.
H Vena fpermatica.
Vafa haec dum ad uterum accedunt, ramos quam plurimos, antro rfum ad tubam, et retrorfum ad ovarium mittunt; deinde, ad uteri latus adventantia, per anaftomofin cum hypogaftricis coeunt. Rami praecipui utriufque, hic, ad fundi uteri partem anteriorem, cui placenta adhaerebat, curfum tenent.
II Peritonei, pofticam uteri fuperficiem tegentis, margo.
'RO M a fixthfubječi, at eight months. A fall view,from the rightfide, — of the womb, Jo mječted and diffečted, as toßieio the approach, and firß general branehings of the uterine vejfels. The back-part of the womb isßül covered by the fmooth peritoneum ; butat the fore-part, to which the placenta adhered internally, the out er ftratum of thefubßance of the womb was removed by diffečlion.
AA The outfide of the neck of the womb, which was not in the leaß di-lated. The os uteri was oppoßte to the lower letter A; from which downwards, there is a part of the vagina left, covered with fat.
BB A ßriäure on the womb, where it was furrounded by the brim of the pelvis.
C C The tube; behind which the ovary lay concealed.
DD The round ligament diffečted, to fhew a vein in its middle (twißed at the inferior part) and two convoluted arteries: all from the fpermatic v eff eis,
E	The hypogaßric artery.
F	The hypogaßric vein.
Thefe v eff eis fenddown numerous branche s to the vagina, and mount upon the ßde of the womb, to anaßomofe with the r efpe čtiv e fpermatic s. By fixingpipes,for the inječtion, and tying up thefe veß'els, a part of each trunk was loß, and then fupplied by fancy.
G	The fpermatic artery.
H	The fpermatic vein.
Thefe veffels, in their approach to the womb,fend up numerous branches, forewards to the tube, and backwar ds to the ovary; then, paffing to the fide of the fundus uteri, they anaßomofe with the hypogaßric. The principal branches of both, in this cafe,go to the fore-part of the fundus uteri, where the placenta was attached.
II The edge of the peritoneum which covers the poßerior furface of the womb.
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TABULA XVII.
PLATE XVII.
IDEM uterus a fronte. Primo, live extimo fubftantiae lirato fublato, vaforum dillrioutio majorum, eorumque verfus placentam (quae hic parti anteriori et fundo uteri adhaerebat) pro-greffus, melius confpiciuntur.
A Vaginae extremitas fumma, incifione aperta.
B	Uteri orificium contračlum.
C	Uteri cervix nondum dilatata.
D D	Ligamenta rotunda.
EE	Tubae: ovariis pone abfconditis.
F F	Fafciculus vaforum fpermaticorum, ad latus uteri afeenden-
tium.
G G Fafciculus vaforum hypogaftricorum, ad latus cervicis uteri accedentium.
HH Trunci vaforum fpermaticorum et hypogaftricorum, ex anaffco-moli communes, ad uteri latera decurrentium. In fundi parte anteriori, arteriae et venae, curfum verfus placentam tenentes, confpiciuntur: vafa minora, rotundiora, magifque convoluta, arteriae funt; maj ora, et planiora, venae.
ROM the fame fubjeti. A dire čl fore-vieiv of the womb, after the outer liratum of its fubßance had been diffečled off, to fhew the dißribution of the larger uterine veffels in their way to the placenta; which, in this cafe, adhered to the fore-part and fundus of tlie zuomb.
A	'The upper extremity of the vagina laid open.
B	The orifice of the womb, contračled.
G	The neck of the womb, notßretched.
D D	The round ligaments.
E E	The tubes: the ovaries being concealed behind them.
F F	The group of fpermatic veffels, mounting up towards the ßdes of the
fundus of the womb.
G G The group of hypogaßric veffels, coming to the ßde of the neck of the womb.
HH The common, or anaßomofing trunks of the fpermatic and hypogaßric veffels, running along the ßdes of the womb. On all the fore-part of the fundus are feen the arteries and veins, pafjing towards the placenta: thefmaller, rounder, and convoluted veffels are the arteries; the larger andßattened veffels are the veins.
EJUSDEM uteri fundus, eodem modo praeparatus, ut ampli [fimorum vaforum, venarum praefertim, placentae ex ad-verfo objeftarum, crebrae inter fe commiffurae contemplandae proflarent.
A A Se<5tio per fundum uteri tranfverfe du6la; inter A AB Uteri parietem pofteriorem, in flatu fuo naturali, (fcilicet, pe-
ritoneo laevi coopertum) et A AC Uteri parietem anteriorem, ubi ilratum fubflantiae ejus
mum fublatum eft, ut vafa, ex adverfo placentae fita, confpici poffent. Vafa majora et planiora, ut in figura praecedenti, venae funt.
D D Tubae. Pofl, fi ve infra eas, ovaria iftiufmodi fitum habebant,
qui illa confpici non fineret.
EE Libamenta rotunda, deorfum, paulo ante tubas, curfum te-
nentia.
In hoc cadavere, uteri paries anterior pofteriori tumidior fuit; ita ut fi uterus a vertice deorfum per tubas tranfciffus fuiffet, pars anterior, altera major extitiflet. Re vera tamen, inter eas difcrimen haud tantum fuit, quantum in hac tabula videtur; quippe uterus, paulo oblique oculo fe offerens, plus fuperficiei anterioris, quam poflerioris, exhibebat.
J7R 0 M the fame fubjeti. The very fundus, or upper part of the Jl womb, which was previoußy dijfečted to fiiew in the pr ec e ding figure as well as in this, the plexus of large vejfels, ejpecially the v eins, op-pojite to the placenta.
A A ‘The tranjverje Ječtion acrofs the fundus of the womb, between
A AB The pofierior ßde of the womb left in its natural fiate; that is, coli er e d with the fmooth peritoneum, and
AAC The anterior fide of the womb at its fundus, the outer ftratum of its fubfiance being removed, to fhew the vefiels oppofite to the placenta.
The larger and more fiattened vejfels, as in the preceding figure, are v eins.
D D The tubes. The ovaries lay behind; that is, below them in this atti-tude, and far th er fr om the eye of the fpečtatoj, Jo as to be hidden.
E E The round Ligaments, going 'downwards, a little bejore the tubes.
In this cafe, the anterior fide oj the womb made a grealer fwelung, or was more firetched than the pofierior; fo that if the womb had been vertically cut down through the two tubes, the anterior portionwould have been larger than the other. Tet the dijference was not fo confiderable, as may be imagined firom a view of this figure, becauje the obječt was placed a little obliquely to the eye, which thence took in more oj the anterior, than oj the pofierior JurJace.
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T D EM uterus; ejus facie anteriori incifa et in fundum revo-luta, illaefis fecundis, per quas caput foetus, obfcurius licet, cernitur Hic igitur vifui fefe offert cum fuperficies externa placentae, dimidiatae quidem, tum pars fuperficiei internae uteri, ei refpondens, una cum vafis quae inter uterum et placentam intercedunt. Partes uteri exteriores lineis folummodo expreffae funt.
A Vaginae extremitas fuperior incifione aperta.
B	Uteri orificium contračium.
C	Uteri cervix nondum dilatata.
DD	Ligamenta rotunda.
EE Tubae; ovaria, pone iis fita, oculum fugiunt.
F F	Vafa fpermatica.
G Q	Vafa hypogaftrica.
HHH	Uteri fubftantia incifa.
III Uteri paries anterior a fecundis feparatus, et fupra fundum uteri reflexus.
K Chorion, amnion tegens. Per membranas illas pellucidas foetus caput confpicitur.
LLL Decidua, qua uteri parieti intimo adhaerebat. Vafa quaedam parva, in eam ex utero tranfmiffa, confpiciuntur.
MMMUteri fuperficies interna, parti huic deciduae refpondens.
JV'JV' Superficies externa partis illius placentae quae ab utero avulfa fuit,
0 0 Superficies uteri interior huic refpondens.
PP In uteri fuperficie interna arteriae convolutae, quae ad placentam antea tranfierant, jam vero diruptae, dum uterus a placenta fep arabatur.
Q.Q. Arteriae in placentae fuperficie illis refpondentes.
R R Venae ex placentae fubftantia excurrentes ; in ea fcilicet parte fuperficiei ejus diruptae, qua ad uterum tranfibant.
S S	Venae in facie uteri interna, venis proxime didis refpondentes.
T	In angulo, fuperficiem externam placentae inter et fuperficiem
internam inverfam uteri, arteria convoluta, ab utero in placentam continuata, confpicitur.
V Vena, arteriam proxime dičtam juxta pofita, et illi refpondens, ex placenta in uterum continuata.
T?ROM thefamefubječl. Afore-view of the womb. ItsJubfiance Ji is cut through and turned up over the fundus, to ßiew a part of the membranes, through which the child's head is objcurely Jeen, and about half of the placenta; together with the correfponding internal furface of the womb, and the veffels paffing betzveen the womb and the placenta. The externalparts of the womb are reprefented in out-lines only.
A	The upper extremity of the vagina laid open.
B	The orißce of the womb, contraČled.
C	The neck of the womb, notßretched.
D D	The round ligaments.
E E	The tubes; the ovaries concealed behind them.
F F	The fpermatic veffels.
GG The hypogaßric veffels.
HHH 7 he fubßance of the womb, cut through.
III The forepart of the womb raifed up from the fecundines, and turned over the fundus.
K	The chorion covering the amnion; through which	tranfparent	mem-
branes the child's head is feen.
LLL The decidua where it adhered to the inner fuface of the womb, in which are feen fome fmall veffels fent into it from the womb.
MM M The correfponding inner furface of the womb.
N N	The outer furface of that part of the placenta from	which	the	womb
was feparated.
O O The correfponding internal furface of the womb.
P P	Convolute d ar ter ie s up on the inner furface of the womb, which had
p affe d to the placenta, and wer e broken through in feparating the womb.
The correfponding arteries on the furface of the placenta.
RR	V eins emerging from the fubßance ofthe placenta, and broken through
at its furface, where tliey wer e paffing into the womb.
S S	The correfponding v eins on the infide of the womb.
. T	In the angle between the outer furface of the placenta, and the in-
verted inner furface of the womb, is her e feen a convoluted artery, con-tinued from the womb into the placenta.
V A correfponding v ein, near that artery, continue d from the placenta to the womb.
IDEM denuo uterus, fed omnino apertus, ut foetum in fi tu naturali oftendat. Circa fundum quaquaverfus fubftantia
tam placentae quam uteri incifa confpicitur.
Uteri partes exteriores, lineis leviter adumbratae, eaedem funt, quae in praecedenti figura, et in tabula decima feptima ad plenum funt expreffae.
AAA Utero per medium divifo, dimidii inferioris fubftantiae fečlio, ad eam partem fcilicet qua membranae adhaerebant.
BBB Uteri dimidii fuperioris fubftantiae fedio, ad partem qua placenta adhaerebat.
CCC Placentae fe&io; illius cava fpongiofa cera flava, ex uteri arteriis, et cera rubra, ex venis impleta funt.
DDD Gyri nonulli fanis umbilicalis, brachia inter et crura foetus
pofiti.
EE Sedioni uteri fuperimpofita funis umbilicalis extremitas, ad partem illam placentae, quae foetum praejacebat, excifa.
Foetus iconem explanare fupervacaneum foret.
T7R 0 Mthejamefubjett. Afore-view ofthe womb,fully openedjo Jliew l the childin itsnaturalfituation. Aliaround,at the fundus, theju jMnce oj the placenta, as well as that of the womb itfelj\ is Je en cui thtoug .
The externalparts of the womb.ßightly ßetched in out-lines, a]^1^ fame as in the preceding piate3 and were fully expreffedin piate XV .
AAA The fečtion of the fubßance of the lower half of the womb, where the membranous part of the fecundines adhered.
BBB The feäion of the fubßance of the upper part of the womb, where the
placenta adhered.	.
CCC The feäion of the placenta: the fpungy cavities of which contained both forne of the yellow waxjrom the artenes of the womb, and oj the
red wax,from the veins.
DDD Some 'turris of the navel-ßring, lying between the arms and the legs oj
(jJisxLcb
E E The endof the navel-ßring laid over thefitfion ofthe womb. It was cutoff from its attachment at that pari of the placenta which lay befor eteci The parts of the child require no explanation.
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TABULA XXI.
PLATE XXI.
Septimo cadavere, feptimo graviditatis menfe. Aperto cru-ciformi incifione utero, et reclinatis rite cornubus, per membranas foetum continentes, foetus ipfe aquis innatans confpicitur.
Reliquae partes nudis lineis diftindee funt.
i
A A Femora.
^ i- ^°ns. veneris, ad partem qua abdominis incifio longitudina-lis definit.
C Scrobiculus cordis, qua abdominis incifio incipit.
DDDD Partium continentium abdominis anguli quatuor reflexi, ut vifcera plene paterent.
EE	Omentum, in latere dextro abdominis.
FF	Colon, ad latus finiftrum abdominis tranfiens.
GGG	Inteftina tenuia, uteri latus finiftrum verfus, quorum gyri no-
nulli, tempore quo cadaver primo apertum fuit, ante uterum jacebant.
HHHH Uteri, cruciformi incifione aperti, anguli quatuor, a fecundis fubtus pofitis liberati et reflexi, ut contenta ejus in confpečtum prodirent.
I	Uteri fuperficiei intimae pars exigua, cui placenta adhaeferat,
minus quidem complanata, magis autem fanguine imbuta quam pars illa quae membranis veftita fuerat.
K	Lobi parvi placentae fuperficies parti proxime dicftae refpondens.
L	Membranae liquorem amnii continentes, quae ad partem uteri
inferiorem, propter cadaveris declivem fitum, foetus partes fupe-riores e confpecftu fere tollunt; ad fundum autem uteri fubfiden-tes, foetus partes fatis diftincfte in confpedu locant.
M In hoc angulo, uterum inter et fecundas, pičtor id exprimere voluit, quod in cadavere fatis manifeftum fuit, fcilicet, uteri et fecundarum fubftantiam inter fe mutuo continuatam : dum autem hanc partem feparabamus, tenera illa internečiens membrana, decidua, in duas lamellas abiit; quarum haec utero, illa chorio adhaerebat.
T?RO M a Jeventh Jubječl, at feven months. The womb opened by Ji a crucial incifion, and the four comers carefully Jeparated, and turned afide from the fecundines, fo as to Jhew the child, and waters, through the enclofing membranes.
The adjacent parts of the fubjett are reprejented in out-lines.
A A The thighs,
B	The mons veneris,	where the longitudinal incifion of the abdomen
terminates.
C The pit of the fiomach, where the longitudinal incifion of the abdomen begins.
DDDD The four arigles of the contaiuing pavts of the abdomen, inveited,
to expofe the bowels.
EE The omentum, in the right fide of the abdomen.
F F The colon paffing towards the left fide of the abdomen.
GGG The fmall intefiines on the left fide of the womb; forne turns of which, when the body was firfi opened, lay before the womb.
HHHH The four angles of the womb, (which was opened by a crucial incifion) feparated from the fubjacent fecundines, and inverted, to expofe the contents.
I A fmall part of the inner fiurface of the womb to which the placenta had adhered, more unequal and more bloody than what had been lined bythe membranes.
K The correfponding furface of a fmall lobe, or extremity of the placenta.
L The membranes containing the liquor amnii, which, at the lower part of the womb, from the declivity of the objebt, cover the upper parts of the child from our view; and towards the fundus uteri collapfe fio as to Jhew the parts of the foetus not indiflindlly.
M In this angle between the womb and fecundines, the artiß endea-voured to exprefs what was very apparent m the obječt, viz. the continui-ty of the fubftance of the womb and of the fecundines; inpartmg which, the tender connečting medium, the decidua, feparated into two layers, one of which clungto the womb, and the other to the chorion.
IDEM cadaver. Contenta pelvis, quo fitu difpofita funt, ex duplici patet figura: in altera, lineis nudis expreffa, vaginam integram vides; in altera, magis elaborata, dextro vaginae latere diffecto et devoluto, os uteri in confpe&um prodit.
A	Femoris finiftri facies interna.
B	Nates finiftra.
C	Abdominis pars anterior.
D	Mons veneris.
E	Labium finiflrum.
F	Labii dextri pars.
GGG	Cutis et membranae adipofae fe&io, eo confilio fačla, ut in la-
tere dextro, partes continentes pelvis removerentur.
H Offis facri fuperficies cartilaginea, qua offi ilium dextro commi fla fuerat.
II	Os Pubis dextrum, prope fymphyfin, tranfverfe fciffum.
K K	In pelvis parte poftica, mufculi externi fečti.
LL	Mufculi in facie offis pubis externa etiam fefli.
M Clitoridis crus dextrum, ubi ifchio, quod hic fublatum efl, con-nečlebatur.
JV'	Vaginae fphinčler.
0	Mufculus tranfverfalis perinaei.
jP	Ani fphinčter.
Q	Tumor ex utero in cavi pelvis parte fuperiori.
R	Vefica urinaria, fere vacua, parte anteriori uteri et latere fu-
periori vaginae compreffa.
Literae fequentes ad lineas adumbratas fpečlant.
SS Vaginae facies externa fitu fuo naturali veficam urinariam inter et
TT	Rečium.
VV Mufculi, levator ani fcilicet et coccygeus lateris dextri, cultro anatomico a pelvis contentis feparati, et in fuperficiem recifam devoluti.
Literae fequentes ad figuram magis elaboratam fpe&ant.
XX I otius vaginae fubflantia ex uteri cervice et vefica urinaria
excifa et in rečlum devoluta, ut os uteri in confpečium prodiret.
T	Oris uteri labium anterius.
^	Ejusdem labium poflerius.
Vagina ad hunc modum aperta, os uteri, nimirum adminiculo fuo jam a latere fublato, dextrorfum propendebat.
TTROM thefamefubječl,ßieuuing the fituation of the conients of the JL pelvis. In the figure which is exprejjed by out-lines, the vagina zs whole; but in the more finißied figure, its right fide is cnt outy and turned down to Jhew the mouth of the womb.
A	The injide of the left thigh.
B	The left nates.
C	The anterior part of the abdomen.
D	The mons veneris.
E	The left labium.
F	Part of the right labium.
GGG	The fečtion of the fkin and adipofe fubfiance3 which was made to
remove the containing parts, on the right fide of the pelvis.
H	The cartilaginous furface of the facrum, by which it wasjoined to the
right os ilium.
II	The right os pubis, cut through near the fymphyfis.
KK	The external mufcles, on the back part of the pelvis, cut through.
LL	The mufcles which lie on the outfide of the os pubis, cutthrough.
M	The right crus clitoridis, where itwas fixed to the ifchium, which
is removed.
N	The fphinčier vaginae.
O	The tranfverfe mufcle of the perineum.
P	The fphimfter ani.
O^	The fwellingforme d by the womb, in the upper part of the cavity of
the pelvis,
R	The bladder, almoft empty, comprejfedbetween the anterior part of the
womb and the upper fide of the vagina.
The following letters refer only to the figure of out-lines, viz.
S S The outfide of the vagina in its natural fituation between the bladder and re&um.
TT	The reftum.
VV The levator ani and coccygens mufcles of the right fide, by difi fečlion turned down from the contents of the pelvis over the cut furface.
The following letters relate only	to	the	more	finifhedfigure,	viz.
XX	The whole fubfiance of the vagina,	in	the	right fide,	cut	from the
neck of the womb and bladder, and turned down over the rečlum, to fhew the orifice of the womb.
Y	The anterior lip of the orifice.
Z	The pofierior lip of the fame.
When the vagina was thus op ene d, the lateral fupp ort being removed, the os uteri pufhed out towards the right fide.
/S/aAvif ' c/Aris.	;	^	t
TAB.XXH.	i§addyv~eB'.	utmfonAu
,	%?y	///tis	e/i//orti/iti7iy,
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Tab. xxjn. Or/mmrb	l/Mfatimu'mmj&. 2/&n a/> m£Wi/m7mmmi/id/tfo
tabula XXIII
PLATE XXIII.
rVCTAVUM cadaver, fexto geftationis menfe. Uteri ac
W membranarum parte anteriori fublata, exhibetur foetus cum
parte placenta: et funiculi umbilicalis. Uteri vafa cera impleta ruerant.	r
A Vefica urinaria, refpectu habito ad uterum, in fitu fuo natu-ra i; modice diftenditur, et ramis quibufdam majoribus venarum nypogaltncarum circumtegitur.
B Vaginae partis poftiae facies interna.
C C Vafa hypogaftrica ad cervicem uteri decurrentia et ramos ad velicam urinariam et vaginam tranfmittentia.
DD Vafa fpermatica, duplicationem libamenti lati intrantia.
EE Tubae.
F F Fimbriae.
G G	Ligamenti lati lamella poflerior: anterior cultro anatomico fub-
lata fuerat, ut vafa fpermatica, ad fundum uteri afcendentia, oculo plenius occurrerent.
IIH Ligamenta rotunda. In fmiftro, arteria praecipua, convoluta, a fpermatica defcendens confpicitur.
III Uteri fubftantiae totius et membranarum feftio, qua uteri et fecundarum paries anterior, ad eorum contenta exhibenda, fub-latus fuerat.
K Funis umbilicalis, prope locum ubi in placenta definit.
Placenta uteri parti pofticae, verfus fundum, adhaerebat. Funis
umbilicalis, primo deorfum, fuper humerum finiftrum, deinde fur-
fum, pone corpus infantis, ad finem fuum in placenta tran-fibat.
Tj0 M the eighth fubfečt, at ßx months. A fore-view of the womb% -X which was infečted; the anterior part, both of the womb and of the membranes, having been cut away, and the liquor amnii taken out to ßew the foetus, with a part of the placenta and of the navel-firing.
A The bladder, in its fitaation with refpečt to the womb. It is modera-tely dißended, and is covered with forne large branches of the hypogaf tric veins.
B	The infide of the poßerior part of the vagina.
G G The hypogaftric veffels, going into the neck of the womb, and fend-ing branches to the bladder and vagina.
D D	The fpermatic veßels, going into the duplicature of the broad ligament.
E E	The tubes.
F F	The fimbriae.
G G The poßerior lamella of the broad ligament: the anterior had been removed by dffečlion, to give a cie arer view of the fpermatic veßels, in their afcent to the fundus of the womb.
HH The round ligaments. In the left is feen a large convoluted artery, coming downfrom the fpermatic.
III	The fečiion of the whole fubßance	of the womb,	and of the membranes,
by which the forepart	of the womb	and of	the fecundines	was removed,
to expofe their contents.
K	The navelßring, near its termination in the placenta.
The placenta adhered to the poßerior part of the womb, towards the fundus. The navelßring pajfed firfi downwards, over the left ßoulder, and then upwards, behind the body of the child, to its termination at the placenta.
y^B eodem cadavere.
F i g. i.
Placenta uteri fundo et parti pofticae adhaerefcens ; fubflantia ejus fpongiofa, inječla per vafa uterina cera, turgefcit.
Plereeque partes lineis adumbratae, in tabula praecedenti ad plenum funt expolitae.
A	Vefica urinaria.
B	Vairina.
O
C C	Vafa hypogaflrica.
D D	Vafa fpermatica.
F F	Tubae.
FF	Fimbriae.
G G	Ligamenta lata.
IIH	I is^amenta rotunda.
III	Uteri et membranarum fectio.
K	Funis umbilicalis.
L L Placenta utero adhaerefcens.
Nulla pars cerae, in vafa uterina injeclae, ad ramos vaforum illorum quae funem umbilicalem conficiunt, tranfierat; vafa illa fanguinem folummodo continentia, obfcure defignata erant, ubi ex fune umbilicali in faciem internam placentae fe immittebant. Cellulae autem in placentae parte fpongiofa, omnes eodem modo cera, vel coerulea in venas uteri injeda, vel rubra in arterias infula, turgefcebant. Flanc rem indicat figura fecunda.
M Membranae ex margine placentae exeuntes, et uterum undique inveftientes.
Placentae margo hicpauio elatior efl, et magis confpicuus, fubflantia ejus fpongiofa cera diflenfa.
F I G. II.
Portio aliqua placentae tranfverfe fefta, ut fubflantia ejus fpongiofa appareret, ejufdemque cera adimpletae craflitudo.
A	Placentae	fuperficies	interna.
B	Placentae	fuperficies	externa.
C Membranarum portiuncula, ex margine placenta, cera inje&a turgefcentis, et in figuram rotundiorem adaučlae, exiens.
Cerae coeruleae, primum per venasuteri inje&ae, maxima pars ad fuperficiem ejus internam propulfa fuerat; ceraque rubra, poflea per arterias inje&a, in partibus exterioribus reflabat; per totam autem ejus fubflantiam, colores hi duo plus minufve commixti funt.
F	I G.	III.
Arterias exhibet illius partis membranae deciduae, quae parietem uteri anteriorem inveftiverat.
F	I G.	IV.
Venae ejufdem partis deciduae.
Figurae hae duae feparatim, aliqua ne fieret confufio, delineatae funt.
0 M the fame Jubječl.
F I G. L
The placenta, adhering to the fundus and back-part of thewomb: its fpungy jubflance is filled by the inječtion of the uterine vejfels.
Mofi of the parts in out-lines ivere more fully reprefented and explam-ed in the preceding piate.
A	The urinary bladder.
B	The vagina
C C	The hypogaßnc	vejfels.
D D	The f per matic	v	eff eis.
E E	The tubes.
F F	The fimbriae.
G G	The broad ligaments.
HH	The ronnd ligaments.
III	The fečtion of the wornb and membranes.
K	The navel-flring.
L L	The placenta, adhering to the zuomb.
None of the wax, inječled into the vejfels of the zvomb, liad paffed into the branches of thofe vejfels which compofe the navel-flring; and as they contained only fome blood, they ivere not dißinölly marke d, where
* they fpread, from the navelflring, over the internal furface of the placenta. But the cells, or interßices in thefpungy part of tlie placenta, were univerfally loaded uvith wax; either the blue, which was inječled into the veins of the womb, or the red, ivhich was thrown into the ar-teries. This is illußrated by Fig. II.
M	The membranes, coming out fr om the edge of the placenta, and in-
veßing the womb all around.
The edge of the placenta, in this cafe, was much more elevated and dißinöl, its fpungy fubßance being dißended.
FIG. II.
A fečlion of half of the placenta, ^princip ally to Jhew what thicknefs it had acquired, by its fpungy cavities being filled with wax.
A	Its internal furface.
B	Its external furface.
C	A fmall portion of the membranes, going ojffrom the edge of the pla-
centa, which was thickened, and rounded% by the inječled wax.
Moß of the blue wax, which was firfl inječled by the ■veins of the womb, was driven on towards the internalfurface; and the red wax, which was afterwar ds inječled by the arteries, was lodged princip ally in the outer parts; but the two colours were, more or lefs, blended through the whole.
FIG.	III.
The decidua, from the fore-part of the fame womb, with the convo-luted uterine arteries, which are difperfed through it.
FIG.	IV.
The fame part of the decidua, with the uterine veins, which ramify through it.
Thefe two figures were drawn feparately, to avoid confußon.
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Tau. xxv
TABULA XXV.
PLATE XXV.
NONUM cadaver, quinto menfe. Apertus omnino uterus, ac foetus inde exemptus ; quo fubtilius judicium feratur de foctu ipfo, de partibus ejus fecum invicem comparatis et dimen-fis, nec non de conditione cervicis uterinae quae fub hoc tempus obtinet.
Foetus ipfe, funifque umbilicalis illuftratione non egent.
AAA Vulnus per membranas faftum, quo foetus eximiretur; unde internae faciei placentae pars, circa finem funis umbilicalis, cernitur.
B B B Amnion et chorion collapfa, et decidua reflexa (quae nondum caeperat deciduae ipfi adhaerefcere) externe cooperta.
CC	Tuba^.
D D	Ligamenta lata.
Literas fequentes alteri figurae feparatim infculptas invenies.
E Decidua, omnem illam partem uteri, quam placenta non occupaverat, inveftiens.
FFFF Subftantia cervicis uteri, ab altero latere ad	alterum fecla.'
G	Pars fuperior, anguftior, et laevior introitus	cervicis uteri,	ubi
decidua manifefte continuata fuit in membranam ejus internam.
H	Pars inferior, latior, et rugofa, ejufdem.
/	Facies interna pofterioris labii oris uterini, veficulis, glutine
repletis, bullata.
K	Facies interna vicinae partis vaginas.
L L	Portiunculae hae duae membranarum fluitantium, exhibent,	im-
perfecte quidem, partes duas cuticulae vaginam inveftientis, quae in cadavere, de quo agitur, diftinčte admodum, feparabatur uf-que ad ipfam oris uteri prominentiam.
TfR 0 M the ninth fubječt, in the fifth month. The womb fully Jl opened, and thefcetus taken out; toßiew the exačl dimenfions and proportions of the child, and the ß at e of the cervix uteri at this period of utero-geßation.
The child and its Navelßnng require no explanation.
AAA The opening made in the membranes for the extraclion of the child, through which is Jeen the infide of the placenta around the terminationi of the navelßring.
B B B The collapfed amnion and chorion, coveredexternally with the decidua reflexa, which had not as y et contračled an adhefion to ^decidua. C C	The tubes.
D D	The broad ligaments.
7 he following letters are engraved on a feparate figure in	out-lines.
E	The decidua, lining that part of the womb where	the	placenta
did not adhere to it.
FFFF The fečtion.from fide io fide, of thefubfiance of the cervix uteri.
G	The upper, narrower, and[matter part of the paff age	in	the cervix
uteri, where the decidua was evidently continued down into the inner membrane of that paffage.
H	The	lower, wider, and rugous part of that paffage,
I	The	infide of the poflerior lip of the os uteri, Jludded	with fmall bags
ofgelly.
K	The	infide of the adjacent part of the vagina.
L L	The	two fmall pieces of flo ating membr anes, reprefent,	though	very
imperfeffily, two portions of the cuticular lining of the vagina; which, in this fubječt, was feparated diflinctly and evidently as far up as the projeäion of the os uteri.
DECIMUM cadaver, quinto graviditatis menfe. Exhibetur flatus uteri retroverfi.
f i g.	i.
Apertum cruciali incifione abdomen, contractiori autem forma exhibitum, cum vefica urinaria praeter morem diftenta.
A Incifio longitudinalis a fcrobiculo cordis incipiens :
B	Qua ad montem veneris detinentem.
C C	Partium continentium anguli fuperiores, fuper hypochondria reflexi.
DD	Anguli inferiores utrique, fupra fpinam offis ilium reflexi.
E	Vefica urinaria, ita urina fanguinolenta diflenfa, ut fundus ejus ad di-
midium fpatii, umbilicum inter et fcrobiculum cordis, porrigeretur.
F I G.	II.
Vefica urinaria, forma pariter minutiori, per medium divifa, et ad imam partem aperta, ut fitus oris uterini, hic praeter naturam furfum fpe&antis, appareat.
A A	Pars dimidia veficae fuper fpinam offis ilium utrinque reflexa.
B	Incifionis, a vertice dudae, qua vefica urinae aperta fuit, finis anterior.
C	Unus redi inteflini circuitus, qui in confpedum prodiit ad ejufdem
finem pofleriorem.	-	-
Duas inter has literas B, C, ve fi eas pars ima tumore, qui univerfum pelvim occupavit, elevata fuit: hic quoque, fada cruciali incifione parva, inter et paulo ante fines ureterum, os uteri in confpedum venit, pone fitum, ut in hac figura, et paulo elatius quam pars fuperior fymphyfeos offium pubis.
F	I	G.	IIL
Contenta pelvis omnia a parte poftica; inter quas, uterus retro verius maximum locum habet.
A	Redum, ubi in cavum pelvis tranfibat, deligatum.
BBB	Margines pofteriores fedionis veficae a vertice dudae.
C C	Redum, uterum inter et offa, facrum et coccygis, compreffum.
D D	Peritoneum, quod, ad finiftrum redi inteflini latus, pelvim invefliverat,
ope catheteris, hanc partem inter et uterum immiffi, elevatum.
EE E	Pars peritonei, parti modo deferiptae refpondens, ad dextrum redi in-
teftini latus, perfeiffa, et margo ejus F fepofitus.
G	Uteri facies anterior, retrorfum verfa.
H	Tuba afeendens ab uteri fundo, qui fcilicet ad partem pelvis infimam
devoluta fuerat.
I	Ovarium ante tubam pofitum.
F	I	G.	IV.
Uteri portione, ac deciduae parte fublatis, foetus per pelluci-das membranas, chorion nempe et amnion, confpicitur.
A	Os uteri furfus verfum. Circum undique confpiciuntur partium va-
ginae contiguarum interiora.
B B	Uteri fubflantia divifa.
C	Facies externa partis alicujus deciduae. Membrana haec denfa, opaca, et
arteriis parvis, injeda ab utero cera impletis, abundavit.
D	Facies interna alius partis membranae ejufdem. Qua parte ablata fu-
erat decidua, per chorion pellucidum et amnion confpicitur foetus, cujus caput dependet, et collum fune umbilicali circum-cingitur.
Lineae albae fuper chorio leviter adumbratae, vaforum tenuium, quae inde in deciduam tranfeunt, reliquias reprefentant.
Cum haec tabula delineabatur, liquor amnii fanguine exudante infectus fuerat. Membranarum autem pellucidarum facies convexa figuram fatis diftindam, forma quidem contradam,feneftrae,lucem admittentis,dedit.
Tubarum et ovariorum figuram huicce tabulae inferere fupervacaneura duxi.
TfROM tke tenth fubjedl, in the ßfth month,Jkewing the circum-J- Jiances oj a retroverted womb.
f i g. i.
Shews, in miniature, the abdomen fully openedby a crucial incifion, and the bladder enormoufly dißended.
A	The beginning of the longitudinal incifion at the pit of theßomach.
B	Its termination in the mons veneris.
C C	The upper angles oj the containing parts, turned over the hypochondria.
D D	The lower angles; each turned over thefpine of the os ilium.
E	The bladder, Jo dißended ivith bloody urine, that its fundus reached half way
between the navel and the pit of the ßomach.
FIG. II.
Drawn in miniature to the Jame Je ale, ßiews the bladder cut down through its middle, and opened, at its lower part, to Jhew the fituation oj the os uteri.
A A	Half of the bladder, on eachßde, turned over the fpine of the os ilium.
B	The anterior extremity of the vertical incifion by which the bladder was open-
ed.
C	One turn of the redum which was feen at the poßerior end of the fame in-
eißon.
Between thefe two letters, B, C, the depending part of the bladder was raifed up by	a	tumor which poffeffed the whole	cavity	of the	pelvis:	and here,	a fmali
crucial	incfion	having been made, between,	and a	little	before	the	ends	of the
ureters, the os uteri was feen, as in this figure, ßtuated behind, and a little higher than the upper part of the fymphyfis oj the offa pubis.
F l G.	III.
A back-view of the whole contents of the pelvis, confißing princip ally of the retroverted womb.
A	The redum tied, where it paffed down into the cavity of the pelvis.
BBB	The pojlerior edges of the vertical fečlion of the bladder.
C C	The redum, where it was prefj'ed and flattened, between the	womb	and	the
facrum and os coccygis.
D D	The peritoneum, which lined the pelvis on the leftßde of the redum, raifed
up by a large catheter, introduced between it and the womb.
EEF	The correfponding part of the peritoneum on the right ßde of the redum,
fiit down, and the edge F turned off.
G	The anterior furface of the womb, turned backwards.
H	The tube, coming up from the fundus uteri, which was turned	down,	into	the''
loweß part of the cavity of the pelvis.
I	The	ovarium, placed before the tube.
FIG.	IV.
The womb opened, toßew the fecundines and their contents.
A	The	os uteri, turned upwards. All around	it,	is	feen	the	infide	of the adja-
cent parts of the vagina.
B B	The fubflance of the womb, cut through.
C	The external furface of part of the decidua. This membrane was thick and
opake, and full of fmall arteries, which were injeČled from the womb.
D	The	internal furface of another part of	the fame	membrane.	Where	the	deci-
dua was removed, through the tranfparent chorion, and amnion, is feen the foetus, with its head depending, and the funis round its neck.
The white, loofe Lines on the chorion are the remains of the filamentous veffels, which pafs from it into the decidua.
The liquor amnii was become bloody, by tranfudation, when this figure was drawn; and the convex furface of the tranfparent membranes, reßedled a dißinöt miniature piäure, of the window which gave light.
It was thought unnecejfary to introduce the tubes and ovaria.
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UNDECIMUM cadaver, menfe quinto ineunte. Duae figurae. Arteriae et venae cera diverfi coloris impletae funt.
fig. i.
Uterus a tergo vifus, una cum vagina eo confilio incifa, ut flatus cervicis orifque uteri oculo objiciretur.
A Clitoris.
BB Nymphae.
C	Proxime hanc fupra literam, orificium urethrae confpicitur.
DD Vaginae pars extrema inferior, rugis afpera.
E E Ejufdem pars extrema fuperior, altera laevior, praecipue a parte poftica.
F Uteri orificium, in terminum vaginae fuperiorem fe projiciens.
G G Tubae.
HH Fimbriae.
11	Ovaria.
KK	Vaforum fpermaticorum fafciculus, per ligamenta lata, ad ova-
ria, tubas, et fundum uteri afcendentium.
F I G. II.
Utero omnino aperto, membrana decidua reflexa, chorio fu-per extenfa (per quas membranas foetum videas) et cervicis orifque uterini facies interna apparent.
A, BB, C, DD, EE, F, GG, H, II, K K, vide fig. I.
L	Cervicis uteri facies interna rugofa, per gluten pellucidum cer-
nitur.
MM	Subftantia tam uteri quam deciduae perfcifla.
JfN	Decidua reflexa, membranas pellucidas inveftiens, alba, opa-
ca, ftriata, diftentu adeo tenuata, ut in locis plurimis fere pelluci-da videretur: deciduae, quae hanc obtegebat, adhaerefcere nondum caeperat.
0	Arteria convoluta, per deciduam reflexam, a margine placentae
excurrens.
P	Vena huic fimilis.
Vafa foetus fub cute repentia, fanguine adeo diftimAe adimpleta funt, ut profecflo vaforum cadaveris, cera inje<fla turgentium, imaginem prae fe ferrent.
Funis umbilicalis pars altera foetus collum ambibat, talum fi-niftrum altera.
rW 0 figures from the eleventh fubjeSt, in the beginning of the fifth month. Ehe arteries and veins were inječted with wax of different colours.
F I G.	I.
A back-view of the womb, with the vagina fiitupto Jhew the flate oj the cervix and os uteri.
A	Ehe clitoris.
B B	Ehe nymphae.
C	Immediately over this letter is the orifice of the urethra.
D D	Ehe lower end of the vagina, which is rugous.
EE	Ehe upper end, which is more finooth, efpecially behind.
F	Ehe orifice of the ivornb, projeäing into the upper end of the va-
gina.
G G	Ehe tubes.
HH	Ehe fimbriae.
I I	Ehe ovaries.
KK Ehe bündle of fpermatic veffels, peijfing up, in the broad ligaments, to the ovanes, tubes, and fundus of the womb.
F	I	G.	II.
Ehe fame womb fully opened, Jhewing the decidua reflexa upon the chorion, (through which the child appears,) and the infide of the neck and orifice of the womb.
A, BB, C, DD, EE, F, GG, HH, I I, KK, feefig. I.
L	Ehe rugous infide of the neck of the womb, feen through the tranfpa-
rent cement.
MM	Ehe fubflance, bothof the womb	and of the decidua, cut through.
N N	Ehe decidua reflexa, covering	the tranfparent membranes, in white
and opake ftriae. It was becöme fo thin, by extention, as to be rendered almqfi tranfparent in many places. It had not as yet contračled an ad-hefion with the decidua which covered it.
O A convoluted artery, branching through the decidua reflexa, from. the edge of the placenta.
P	A vein of the ferne kind.
Ehe cutaneous veffels of the child were as clifiinctly filled with blood, as if they had been inječted.
One turn of the navelftring was round the child's neck, and another was twified round the left ankle.
TABULA XXVIII.	PLATE	XXVIII.
FIG. I.
♦
IDEM uterus quem exhibet figura fecunda tabulo praecedentis, ,fed inverfus (i. e. fundo decliviori) ; ut, contentis fuo pondere a cervice fundum verfus devolutis, margo placenta clarius diftinguatur; ac decidua, quae ibidem ab interno uteri pariete in externam chorii fuperficiem reflexa, nomen deciduae reflexae affumit, melius confpiciatur.
Partes lineis adumbratae in tabula praecedenti modo expolitae funt atque explanatae: fcilicetA, BB, C,DD, EE, F, GG, HH, //, et KK, in figura prima; atque L et MM in figura fecunda.
JINN Decidua crafia, faciem internam uteri, ubi placenta non ad-haerefcebat, inveftiens.
0 0 0 Placentae margo, ubi lamina interna deciduae a facie interna uteri, ad faciem membranarum externam, inflexa fuit atque continuata; quo in loco efficit
P P * Deciduam reflexam, eo magis attenuatam, quo longius a margine placentae diftat.
Hic patuit, deciduam non eodem paodo, quo caeterae membranae, trans aditum in cervice uteri le porrexiffe; fed per paululum fpatii intra hunc aditum, more inveftientis membranae, efle continuatam ; tandemque fenfim evanuiffe, aut cum glutine illo, quod vice caementi fungitur, effe confufam.
F I G II.
Ejufdem uteri facies interna, qualis apparuit,placenta jam feparata.
A, B B, C, D D, E E, F, G G, ////, //, K K, Vide tabulae procedentis figuram primam.
L, MM, Vide ejufdem tabulae figuram fecundam.
NNN Pars deciduae, undique circa placentae marginem, etiamnum utero intus adhorefcens.
O Centrum fuperficiei orbiculatae, in uteri parte anteriori, cui placenta hoc in cadavere adhaerefcebat. Haec arteriis venifque abundabat, quae fcilicet utero ac placentae communes fuerant, quafquo neceflario perrupi, duas has partes dum feparabam. Arteriae quidem parvae erant, convolutae, colorifque magis lucidi, utadliteram P; venae autem perruptae fpeciem macularum fufcarum, vel foraminum, magnitudinis haud exiguo, pro fe ferebant, ut ad literam Q.
Linea inoqualis quo fuperficiem hanc fcabram, cui placenta adhorefcebat, ambit, extremum marginem placento a membranis abfciffo defignat; eadem etiam indicat locum quo deciduo lamina interna reflexa fuerat, circum undique,in faciem chorii externam.
f i g. i.
7~^H E womb, from the Jame fubjeht, turned upfide down, that the weight of its contents might carry them towards the fundus ; to Jhew the border of the placenta, where the decidua is reflečled jrom the infide of the womb, to the outfide of the chorion, at which laß place it makes the decidua reflexa.
The parts reprefented in out-lines were feen and explained in the pre-cedingpiate, viz. A, BB, C, DD, EE. F, GG, HH, II, and RE, in the firßfigure,and L, M M, in thefecond.
N N N The thick decidua, lining the infide of the womb, where the placenta was not attached.
O O O The edge of the placenta, where the inner layer of the decidua was continjued, by inflexion, from the nfide of the womb io the outfide of the membranes; at which laß place it confiitutes
P P The decidua reflexa, which becomes thinner, in proportion as it is farther difiant from the edge of the placenta.
Here it was evident that the decidua was not, like the other meni-branes, exlended acrofs the paffage in the neck oj the womb, but was continue d a little way down that paffage, and there infenfibly lofi, or blend-ed with the glutinous cement.
FIG. II.
F he infide of the fame womb, cf ter the placenta had been Jeparate d.
A, BB, C, DD, EE, F, GG, HH, II, KK, See the firß figure of the preceding plate.
L, MM, See the fecond figure of the preceding plate.
NN N Part of the decidua all around the edge of the placenta, left adhe-ring to the infide of the womb.
O The centre of the circular für face at the forepart of the womb, to which the placenta, in this cafe, adhered. It was full of arteries and veins, which had paffed between the womb and placenta, and which we broke through in feparating thefe two parts: the arteries were fmall, and convoluted, and of a lighter colour, as at the letter P; the broken veins had the appearance of dark fpots, or holes, of fomeconfiderable fize, as at the letter O.
The irregulär line, which furrounds this rough furface to which the placenta adhered, points out the extreme border oj the placenta, which was cut off from the membranes, and where the inner layer of the decidua, all around, was refleäed upon the outer furface of the chorion.
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TAB. XXIX.	ä
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TR E S figurae ad idem exemplar depi&ae; quibus adjiciuntur duae aliae, tanquam appendices.
F I G. I.
Ovum utero exemptum, faciem placentae externam reprefen-tans, laciniafque marginem ejus undique ambientes, membranae fcilicet deciduae reflexae dilaceratae reliquias. Haec figura cum figura fecunda praecedentis tabulae congruit, faciem ovi exhibens, quod ifti utero intus adhaeferat.
AAAA Decidua reflexa, undique a margine placentae, adchorionintegendum, exiens.
B B Limbus, marginem placentae circum-ambiens, ortus fcilicet ex fečlione deciduae reflexae, ubi illa feparata fuit a decidua, aut, fi ita loqui mavis, a facie uteri interna.
Circulus, limbo iflo circundatus, faciem externam placentae exhibet, quae utero adcreverat. Has partes dum feparabamus, arteriae venaeque plurimae dilaceratae funt, quarum pars altera utero adnexa eft, altera placentae. Arteriae quidem, ut in figura praecedenti, parvae, convolutae, et colore funt lucidiori, ut ad literas CCC; venas autem maculae latae ac fufcae reprefentant, ut ad literam D.
F	I	G.	II.
Partis membranae deciduae facies interna, ope vitri optici amplior vifa, ut textura ejus propria, cribrum haud male referens, explicari poffet.
F	I	G	III.
Ovarium, corpufque luteum perfciffa. Corpus luteum, etiam ad hoc temporis, cavatum effe manifefte apparuit.
F	I	G.	IV.
Figura addita.
Pars aliqua membranae deciduae, pertinentis ad partum legiti-num, menfibus fcilicet novem rite exaftis.
F	I	G.	V,
Alia figura addita.
Portio aliqua uteri et fecundarum, nono menfe, ita difpofita, ut earum partium ftrata diverfa diftinfte confpiciantur. Arteriis cera rubra, venis flava eft injeda.
A A A Uteri fubftantia difciffa.
B B	Placenta	ei adhaerens, prope marginem perfciffa.
CC	Decidua	ea in parte utero adhaerens.
D D	Decidua	in illa parte ab uteri facie interna elevata,	chorioque
adhaerens.	y	.	*	'
E Chorion, fupra faciem internam placentae continuatum, ubi fe-parari non potefl.	,
F	Amnion	elevatum a chorio, cui non, nifi per gluten	aliquod
molliffimuip, adhaefit.
£~jj~~*HRE E figures from thejame fubječt, and two fupplemental.
F I G. I.
The ovum takeu out of the womb, ßiewing tlie externalfurface of the placenta, and the ragged edge all round, where the decidua reflexa was torn through. This figure correfponds with the fecond figure in the preceding piate, ßiewing the Jurface of the ovum which was attached
to the infide of that womb.
AAAA The decidua reflexa going ojf, all round, from the edge of the placenta, to cover the chorion.
BBB 7 he edge^formed all round the bnm or border of the placenta, by cutting the decidua reflexa where it came ojf from the decidua, or, in other words, from the infide of the womb.
The round furface, enclofed by that edge, is the outer furface of the placenta, which had adhered to the womb. In feparating thofe two parts, many arteries and veins were torn through, one part of eacli re-maining with the womb, and the other with the placenta. The arie-ries, as in the preceding figure, are fmall, convolute d, and of a lighter colour, as at the letters CCC; the veins make broad darkfpots, as at the letter D.
F	I	G.	II.
The internal furface of a portion of the decidua, confiderably magni-fied, to fkew its peculiar cribriforme or lace-hke appearance,
F	I	G.	III.
The ovarium and corpus luteum cut through; the latter of thefe, even at this time, had an apparent cavity.
F	I	G.	IV.
A fupplemental figure.
A portion of the decidua, from a common delivery at nine months; its veffels filled with red blood.
F I G. V.
Another fupplemental figure.
Part of the womb and fecundines, at nine mon ths, fo difpofed as to ex-hibit dißindtly the different ftrata of thofe parts. The arteries had been injeded with red wax; the veins with yellow.
AAA	The fubfiance of the womb cut through.
B B	The adhering placenta cut through, near its edge.
C C	The decidua, at that part left adhering to the infide of the womb.
D D	The decidua, at this part raifed from the infide of the womb, and
adhering to the chorion.
E	The chorion, which is continued upwards over the infide of the pla-
centa, where it cannot be feparated.
F	The amnion, raifed up from the chorion, to zuhich it adhered by a
tender gelly only.
A Duodecimo cadavere, quarto menfe decurrente. Uterus a parte antica apertus, vafis cera repletis. Praecipue hic notanda occurrunt, fuperficies placentae externa ; vafa ex utero fe immergentia in placentam ; cervicis uteri externa, qualis facies, fit, et, refpe&u ad veficam urinariam urethramque habito, quem fitum obtineat.
Placentae fuperficies, fe&ione uteri fubftantiae circumdata, adeo refert praecedentem, fcilicetfig. I. ut explanatione minime indigeat.
A A Vafa fpermatica.
BB Fimbriae, five tubarum partes extremae.
CC Ovaria. Horum finiftrum corpore luteo nonnihil aučhrni fuit.
D D Ligamenta rotunda.
E Cervix uteri contracta.
F Facies interna portionis iftius veficae, quse vaginae fubječla adhaeret. Utroque in latere, et hac litera paulo fuperius, cernitur orificium urethrae.
G Urethra univerfa omnino aperta.
ROM the twelfth fubječl, in the fourth month, fhews the injetied womb, opened on its fore part, to give a Juli view of the external Jurface of the placenta, with the vejfels paffing into it from the womb. It fhews likewife the fiate of the cervix uteri externally, and its relation to the bladder and urethra.
The furface of the placenta,^fur rounded by the fečtion of the fubflance of the womb, is fo much like that of the firfi figure in the prece ding piate, that it requires no explanation.
A A	The fpermatic veffels.
BB	The fimbriae, or ends of the tubes.
C C	The ovaria. The left was enlarged by	the corpus luteum.
D D	The round ligaments.
'E	The cervix uteri, in a contračiedflate.
F	The infide of that portion of the bladder which	adheres to the fubjacent
vagina. On each fide, and a little higher than this letter, is feen the
*' orifice of the ureter.
G	The urethra opened in its whole length.
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TABULA XXXI.
PLATE XXXI.
T~J~1 RES figurae ab eodem cadavere.
F I G. I.
Uterus a parte pofiica ita apertus, ut facies membranae deciduae externa, ac ftatus cervicis uterinae vifui exponantur.
Literas tabulae huic explanandae accomodatas omnes praeter II, K et L, in figura fecunda videas.
A A Vafa fpermatica.
BB Fimbriae.
CC Ovaria.
D Vagina univerfa, quaqua in longum extenditur, omnino aperta.
E	Os uteri in vaginam fe protendens.
F	Via rugofa, per cervicem uteri ducens, unde gluten illud con-
folidans jam exciderat.
G G	Secftio fubftantiae cervicis uteri.
HII	Sečtio fubftantiae uteri, unde
11	Pars pofterior totius fubftantiae uteri de decidua fublata et in
fundum uteri revoluta cernitur.
K Decidua, adhuc membranis adhaerefcens, fuperficiem fuam fcabram externam exhibens, unde uterus fuerat feparatus. Membrana haec vafis, cera impletis, venis maxima de parte, abundavit. Plurimis autem in locis, cera, vafis effufa, haec vifu indif-tincfta reddiderunt.
L Membranae pellucidae, amnion fcilicet et chorion, decidua reflexa tenuiflima et pellucida obtečiae, in aditum cervicis uteri, ubi decidua ipfa deficit, viam fibi facientes.
F	I	G.	II.
Idem uterus; poftquam fcilicet inverfapars uteri fuerat abfciffa, et decidua ablata, ea mente ut foetus, in liquore amnii natans, per pellucidas membranas appareret.
Decidua reflexa hic adeo tenuis fuit, ut, nifi ad marginem placentae, vix percipi poflet.
Foetus, cujus crura fune umbilicali circum,-vinčta funt, per fe fatis eftmanifeftus.
F I	G.	III.
Corpus luteum ovario in finiftro perfciflum, ut appareat quale fit ejus cavum, fub hoc tempus geftationis. Qualem fe habeat cicatricula illa, in externa facie corporis lutei ovarii finiftri, ibi cernitur, ubi ftat litera C, in figuris prima et fecunda.
J^HREEfig ures, from the fame fubječl.
F I G. I.
A back-view of the womb,fo opened as to expofe the outer Jurface of the decidua, and to ßew the ftate of the neck of the womb.
The letters for explanatiori, except II, K, and L, are feen in fig. II.
A A	The fpermatic	veffels.
B B	The fimbriae.
CC	The ov aries.
D	The vagina laid open in its whole length.
E	The os uteri protnberating into the vagina.
F	The rugonspaffage through the neck of the womb, from which the vif
eous cernent had, by this time, fallen out.
GG	The fečtion of the fubftance of the cervix uteri.
HH	The fečtion of the fubftance of the womb', whence
11 The poßerior part of the whole fubfance of the womb, raifed up from the decidua, and turned over the fundus of the womb.
K	The decidua	left	upon the	membranes, fiewing	its fcabrous outer fur-
face from zohich the womb was feparated. It was crouded with in-ječted veffels, efpecially veins; and in many places the wax was extra-vafated, which occafioned indifinčtnefs.
L	The tranfparent	membranes,	vh.	amnion	and	chorion,	co-
veredwith a very thin and tranfp arent decidua reflexa, puftiing down into the paffage of the cervix uteri, where the decidua is want-ing.
F	I	G.	II.
The fame obječt, after the inverted portion of the womb had been cut of, and the decidua removed, to fiew the foetus, in Eliquor amnii, through the tranfp arent membranes.
The decidua reflexa in this fubječl was fo thin, that it was fcarcely perceptible, except near the edge of the placenta.
The foetus, with the navel-ßring round its legs, requires no explana-tion.
F I	G.	III.
The corpus luteum, in the left ovary, cut through, to Jhew its ca-vity at this period. The appearance of the cicatricula, upon the out-fide of the corpus luteum in the left ovary, is feen where the letter C ftands in the ßrß and fecondfigures.
TABULA XXXII.
PLATE XXXII.
FIGURA duae, a decimo tertio cadavere, tertio menfe pror-
fus exaflo.
F I G.
I.
Uterus a parte antica apertus, unde foetus cervicifque uteri flatus in confpectum prodeunt.
A A	Ligamenta lata.
B B	Ligamenta rotunda.
G C	Tubae.
DD	Fimbriae.
E E	Ovaria.
F Vagina omnino aperta.
G	Oris uterini labium pofterius.
HH	Via per cervicem uterinam.
III Se&io fubftantiae uteri, portione quadam ovali excifa, ut contenta ejus fub examen venirent.
K Membranae perfciflae.
L	Faciei internae uteri pars.
M Pars ifta deciduae, quae inde feparata fuit. Prope hanc literam cernitur foramen quoddam, (locus nimirum ubi decidua deeft) viae quae per cervicem uteri ducit, exadvorfum fitum.
JV* Decidua reflexa, nec non chorion et amnion, perfcifTa. Placenta parti pofteriori uteri adhaerefcens.
0
Foetus, cum collo fune umbilicali bis circundato, abunde patet.
F I G.
II.
Uteri, placentae et membranarum fecundum longitudinem fečlio, cum foetu juxta fito, funiculo autem umbilicali nondum didufto.
A A Vaginae facies interna.
BB Os uteri perfciffum.
C C	Cervix uteri perfcifTa.
DE	Via quae per cervicem ducit, cujus, in parte pofteriori E, rugae
penniformes confpiciuntur.
FFFF Seftio fundi uteri, ubi conceptus fedem habebat.
G G Sečtio placentae, quae retrorfum adhaeferat, ubi uterus, de quo agitur, praeter morem craffus vifus eft.
HH Placentae fuperficies interna, amnio et chorio obtečla.
/	Uteri fuperficiei interioris pars.
K	.Pars parva deciduae, inde feparata.
L L Deciduae facies interna, five cavum ipfam inter et deciduam reflexam.
M Angulus prope marginem placentae, ubi deciduae lamella interior fuper chorion reflectitur, nempe ad deciduam reflexam faciendam.
N Deciduae reflexae facies externa; five cavum, membranam illam inter et deciduam.
0 Margines fečii deciduae reflexae et chorii, quae inter fe intime connečluntur.
P	Margo amnii fečtus.
J^W 0 figures from the thirteenth fubječt, at full ihr ec months,
fig.
L
Afore-view of the womb op ene d, to Jhew the child, and the fiate oj the cervix uteri.
A A	The	broad ligaments.
B B	The	round ligaments.
C C	The	tub es.
D D	The	fimbriae!
E E	The	ovaries.
F	The vagina laid open.
G	The pofienor lip of the os uteri.
H H	The	paffage through the cervix uteri.
III	The Jeäion of the fubfiance of the womb, where an oval piece was ta-
ken out to Jliew its contents.
K	The	membranes cut through,
L	Part of the internal furface of the womb.
M	That part of the decidua' which was feparated from	it.	Near	this
letter is tlie hole, or deficiency of the	decidua	oppofite	to	the	paffage
through the cervix uteri.
N	The	decidua reflexa, chorion and amnion cut through.
O	The	placenta, adhenng to the pofieriorpart of the womb.
The foetus, with two tur ns of the navel-Jlring round its neck, requires no explanation.
FIG.
II.
A longitudinal fečlion of the womb, placenta and membranes; with the child near it, but fiill attached by the navelfiring.
A A	The inftde of the vagina .
B B	The os uteri cut through.
CG	The cervix uteri cut through.
D E The paffage through the cervix; in the pofierior part of which E, the penniform rugae are confpicuous.
FFFF The fečtion of the fundus uteri,	in which the	conception	was	lodged.
^ ^	The fečlion of the placenta, which	adhered	backwards,	where this
womb was remarkably thick.
The internal furface of the placenta, covered with the amnion and chorion.
I	Part of the inner furface of the womb.
K	Afmall part of the decidua feparated from	that	infide	of the	womb.
LL	The internal furface of the decidua; or	the	cavity	between	the	deci-
dua and decidua reflexa.
M The angle, near the edge of the placenta, where the inner layer of the decidua is turned over the chorion to form the decidua reflexa.
N	The outßde of the decidua reflexa; or the cavity between that mem-
brane and the decidua.
O	The cut edges of the decidua reflexa and chorion, which are inti-
mately connečled.
P	The cut edge of the amnion.
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TABULA XXXIII.
P L A t E XXXIII.
tria abortiva, fex figuris expreffa.
F I G. I,
Ovum nonae circiter hebdomadae abortivum, ab ifta fcilicet
parte quae membranacea eft adfpe&um. Decidua lacerata eft, et
aliquantulum revoluta, ut decidua reflexa laevis et opaca in con-fpečtum prodiret.
A A	Deciduae ab utero feparatae facies externa fcabra.
£	Facies externa portiunculae cujufdam placentae, cujus reliqua
pars fedem fuam exadvorfum habebat.
CCCCC Deciduae facies interna cribriformis, quae primis menfibus graviditatis membranis inclufis non adhaerefcit.
DDDD Deciduae margo laceratus, qui in marginem EEE membranae ejufdem curfum fuum tenuerat.
F	Decidua reflexa per faciem externam chorii diffufa.
GG	Angulus partis reflexae, ad marginem fcilicet placentae, ubi
lamella interior deciduae in chorion reflečlitur, fimili fere modo quo lamella interior pericardii refleftitur adfuperficiem externam cordis obtegendam.
II Extrema pars deciduae ad cervicem uteri.
F I	G.	II.
Ejufdem fe&io a vertice ad imum ufque.
A A A	Se&io placentae, quam fuperficiei fuperiori et pofteriori uteri adhaeflfTe
fupponendum eft.
B B	Deciduae partis	anterioris	fedtio.
C C	Deciduae partis	pofterioris	fe&io.
D	Pars extrema deciduae ad cervicem uteri.
E E	Amnii cavum, in quo foetus, ope funiculi tenuiffimi umbilicalis, a facie
interna placentae fufpenditur.
F	Se&io trium membranarum, fcilicet amnii, chorii et deciduae reflexae,
quae non folum funt contiguae, fed et fibi invicem adhaerefcunt.
G G	Angulus ad marginem placentae, ubi lamella interior deciduae in fa-
ciem externam chorii reflečlitur.
H	Hic tres iftae membranae paululum fejunguntur, ut fitus earum, ref-
pečhi habito ad placentam, manifeftius appareat.
F I	G.	III.
Ovum o&o circiter hebdomadarum abortivum. Pars quaedam exigua deciduae exfciffa eft, et furfum reflexa, ut cavum inter eam et cseteras membranas cerneretur.
A	Deciduae pars exigua exfcifla.
B	Conceptus pars ubi deeft decidua, exadverfum fcilicet aditui per ute-
ri cervicem ducenti.
CCC	Deciduae fuperficies externa.
D	Decidua reflexa obtegens chorion et amnion, quae membranae fe pro-
tendentes cavum deciduae adimplent.
E	Partis fuperioris placentae facies externa.
F I G. IV.
Idem ovum, decidua jam incifione decuflatim aperta, angulis quatuor revolutis deciduaeque reflexae portione rotunda cultro fublata et devoluta, nempe ut vafcula in fuperficie externa chorii in confpedum prodirent.
A, B. Vide fig. III.
CCCC Facies interna quatuor angulorum in quos decidua cruciali incifione fuerat divifa.
D D D	Decidua reflexa caeteras membranas inveftiens.
EE	Angulus ad placentae marginem, ubi lamella interior	deciduae protenditur fupra faciem externam chorii, nomenque deciduae	reflexae obtinet.
F	Deciduae reflexae portio rotunda, ex facie externa chorii cultro'anato-
mico fublata et devoluta.
G	Chorion cum vafls fuis hirfutis expofitum. Vafa ifta deciduae	reflexae arcte adhaerebant, et eorum nonnulla una cum membrana illa	abfciffa	funt.
FIG. V.
Ovum eodem fere tempore abortu feparatum, conflans ex chorio folo, cum vafis et contentis ejus; quippe decidua, vel pars fecundarum uterina, in utero remanebat.
A A A Vaforum hirfutorum rami majores et frequentiores, ex quadam parte fuperficiei externae chorii emergentes, et cum decidua, vel parte uterina, ad placentam conficiendam fe commifcentes.
B B	Chorii ea portio quae poftea membrana uniformis et pellucida evadit;
vafis paucioribus, fubtilioribus, fluitantibus, quae in decidua reflexa eva-nefcunt, abundat: per eam confpicitur embryo.
C	Veficula umbilicalis in facie externa amnii per chorion confpe&a : filum
exalbidum (reliquias arteriae et venae) ab ea ad umbilicum embryonistranfit.
F I G. VI.
Idem ovum apertum. Membranis anticae parti infidentibus a placenta abfcillis et reflexis, diftinčle confpicitur embryo.
A	Veficula umbilicalis, ex qua
B B	Reliquiae arteriae et venae, filo albo fimiies, ad umbilicum embryonis tran-
feunt. Inteftinorum gyri quidam in principio funis umbilicalis includuntur.
figures of three different abortions.
F I G. L
An abortion, of about nine weeks, feen on that fide which is membra-nous. The decidua is torn, and turned fomewhat afide, to Jhew the
fmooth and opake decidua reflexa.
A A The rough, external furface of the decidua, wlnch exfoliatedfrom the womb.
B The outfide of a fmall portion of the placenta, the reß of which was fituated on the back-part of this obječt.
CCCCC The internal cribriform furface of the decidua, which, in thefirfi months of pregnancy, does not adhere to the membranes which itenclofes.
DDDD The lacerated edge of the decidua which had been continued mto the edge EEE of the fame membrane.
F	The decidua reflexa fpread over the outfide of the chorion.
G G	The angle of reflečtion at the edge of the placenta, where the	inner
layer of the decidua is turned over the chorion ; much in the fame manner as the inner lamella of the pericardium is refleded, to cover the outer furface of the heart.
H	The termination of the decidua at the cervix uteri.
F I	G.	II.
A vertical feäion of the fame.
A A A The feäion of the placenta ; which, we muß fuppofe, had adhered to the upper and back-part of the womb.
B B	The feäion	of the anterior portion	of the decidua.
C C	The feäion	of the poßerior portion	of the decidua.
D	The termination of the decidua at the cervix uteri.
EE	The cavity of the amnion, in which the embryo hangs	by	a ßender	navel
flring, from the infide of the placenta.
F	The feäion	of the three membranes,	which are not only	contiguous,	but adhere
to one another, viz. the amnion, the	chorion and the	decidua	reflexa.
G G The angle, at the edge of the placenta where the inner layer of the decidua is refletted over the outfide of the chorion.
H	Here thofe three membranes are a little feparaled, to ßiew their courfe	at the
placenta.
F I G.	III.
An abortion of about eight weeks. A fmall ftrap of the decidua is cut out, and turned up, to fhew the cavity belween it and the other membranes.
A	The cut flip of the decidua.
B	The part of the conception where there is no decidua;	viz.	oppofite	to	the
pajjage through the cervix uteri.
CCC	The external furface of the decidua.
D	The decidua reflexa covering the chorion and amnion, which proječl and
fili up the cavity of the decidua.
F	The outfide of the upper part of the placenta.
F I G IV.
The fame, when the decidua had been opened by a crucial	incifion,	and	the
four angle s had been turned off, and then a round pie ce of the decidua reflexa diffeäed off, and turned to one fide, to fhew the loofe veffels on the outfide oj the chorion.
A, B. See fig. III.
CCCC The infide of the four angles or flaps into which the decidua was reduced by a crucial incifion.
DDD	The decidua reflexa, covering the other membranes.
EE	The angle, at the edge of the placenta where the interior	lamella	of the	de-
cidua is continued over the outfide of the chorion, forming the decidua reflexa.
F	A round portion of the decidua reflexa diffeäed from the outfide oj the cho-
rion and turned afide.
G	The chorion, with its fhaggy veffels, laid bare. Thefe veffels adhered firmly to
the decidua reflexa, andparts ofthem were cut ojf with that membrane.
FIG. V.
An abortion of the fame age, confifling of the chorion only, with its veffels and contents; that is, without the decidua, or uterine part of the fecundines.
A A A The larger and more crouded branches of thefiiaggy veffels which fhoot from the external Jurface of one part of the chorion, to mix with the decidua, or uterine part, to form the placenta.
B B That portion of the chorion which afterwards becomes the uniform tranjparent membrane. It is covered with fewer and more delicate floating veffels, which lofe themfelves in the decidua reflexa. The embryo is feen through it.
C	The veficula umbilicalis on the outfide ofthe amnion, feen through the chorion; with a	whitifh	thread, (the remains	of an	artery and	vein)	leading from
it,	towards the	navel	of the embryo.
F I G.	VI.
The fame opened.	The membranes,	which were	at	the fore-pai t,	being	cut
from the placenta, and turned up, the embryo is diflindly feen:
A The veficula umbilicalis, from which B, the remains of an artery and vein, in the form of a white thread, pafs to C, the navel of the embryo, with Jome turns of the inteflines lodged in the beginning of the navel ßring.
FIG	I.
O V U M, fcilicet chorion, cum omnibus ejus contentis, quintam, ut licet conjicere, circiter hebdomadam. Liters, antea ufitatae, ad dignofcendas partes, minime defiderantur. Maculas quae maxime fufcae funt, fanguinis coagulati reliquias parvas repraefentant. In medio, globi inftar, confpicitur amnion, per quod fcetus indiftinčle apparet.- Ovum ipfum haud paululum mole fua complanatum expaflumque fuit, coram pičlore in patella dum jacebat.
F I G.	II.
Idem ovum praeparatum, magna fatis parte chorii abfciffa, amnioque cum foetu inclufo, ut partes circa umbilicum ejus confpicerentur, in latus Teflexo, vitri optici ope, ut partes minores magis diftin&e poffent con-fpici, amplificatum fuit. Vafa hirfuta fluitantia, ex facie externa chorii exeuntia, per fe fatis patent.
A A Spatium inter chorion et amnion. Hoc refertum erat gelatina tenera, adeo pellucida ut vix cerni poflet; unde arteriae venaeque ramofe, fan-guine rubro impletae, in facie interna placentas diftin&e per eam con-fpiciebantur.
B	Amnion liquore pellucido colorifque experte, puriffima veluti aqua
fontana, diftendebatur; per quem foetus partes minores apparebant.
C	Veficula umbilicalis humore diftenfa: neque amnio illa, neque chorio
connexa fuit; gelatina autem tenera circumdata, umbilico foetus per arteriam et venam, quafi per pediculum, adnexa; quibus quidem vafis tanta inter fe vicinitas fuit, ut vas unum fanguine rubro impletum, et ramos in veficulam umbilicalem folam emittens, viderentur. Caput foetus trunco ejus longius fuit; brachia et crura non nifi perpaululum emicuerant; vifcera abdominis nondum fuerant veflita; pars eorum magis fufca hepar fuit: fune umbilici nondum orto, foetus faciei interne chorio et amnii, quae eo loci contigua erant, medio abdomine, adne$e~ batur.
F I	G.	III.
Ovum integrum, quartae hebdomadas, ut licet conjicere. Ovi pars fupe-ri°r, latior et plana, facculus fuit, textura tenera, per deciduam folam formatus: huic ad angulos fuperiores foramen dentatum utrinque fuit, ubi tubas intraffe conjicere licebat; et ad ovi partem inferiorem portio crafTa anguftaque ex membranis omnibus contentifque eorum conftitit.
F	I	G.	IV.
Ejufdem ovi, fečlione a vertice ad imum du6la aperti, facies interna. Ovum totum adhuc fundi uteri formam triangularem retinebat.
Pars lata fuperior, deciduae faciem internam lasviorem, cribro fimilem, oftendit; et pars angufta inferior, omnium membranarum fe&ionem cavumque in confpe&u ponit. Foetus primordia omnino foluta fuerant. Amnion a chorio (ejunda fuerat, et in cavo ejus fluitabat. Ex duobus ab eodem centro circulis albis, interior eft chorii fe&io; cujus in facie externa ftratum fpongiofum, cui vafa ex chorio fe immittunt, cernitur: circulus albus exterior, ad partem iuferiorem, deciduam, placentam obtegentem, et ad partem fuperiorem deciduam reflexam reprsfentat.
F	I	G.	V.
Ovum integrum tertiam circiter hebdomadam.
A A Seta in cavum ovi trajeda per foramen ad utrumque angulum fuperiorem, quod fcilicet tubas fallopianas extremitatem elTe conjicere licet.
BB Easdem fetae per foramen majus exeuntes ad angulum inferiorem, quod cervici uteri exadverfum effe ponimus.
C Hydatis, molis admodum exiguae, per deciduam fefe projiciens, et filamenta gracilia ramofa ex fuperficie fua emittens: chorion effe, vix dubitandum.
F I G.	VI.
Idem ovum, maxima parte parietis anterioris exciffa A A, B B, C. Vide fig. V.
Manifeftum eft deciduam, hocce in ovo, membranam fuiffe denfam, texturze glutmofae, quas toti cavo triangulari fundi uteri, tanquam veftimentum,’ adhaefe-rat; conflabat etiam tubas in facie ejus interna fuiffe terminatas; chorion inter duphcem ejus membranam fitum fuiffe, vel fubftantia ejus circundat.um; parique patiu cum incremento chorii, procedente uteri geftatione, cavum decidua coarctaiie, lamellam ejus interiorem (five deciduam reflexam) diflendens donec tandem deleto cavo, lamella illa interna faciei interiori decidua fuiffet contieua irogreiius hic, de quo agitur, mutationis planius intelligetur, fi proxima his hguiae inter fe conferantur, ordine earum inverfo, primo fcilicet nonam, deinde octavam, et podremo feptimam.
F I G. VII.
Status ovi (qualem fcilicet animo licet concipere) in utero aetate proveflioris,
ubi chorion, decidua reflexa obteflum, per plurimum fpatii in cavum deciduas porrigitur.
A A Decidua: feflio, ubi certo temporis progrefiu, lamellam externam duplicis membranae, fpongiofum vel nothum chorion vulgo dia<e, confecifTet.
ti	In hoc loco, decidua partem placenta:, uterinam diflam confeciifet,
C	Amnn cavum,— D Cavum, vel fpatium, amnion inter et chorion
A -Vayum dfecldu:E; vel fpatium membranam illam inter et deciduam reflexam, i 1 ubie in faciem internam deciduas fefe aperientes.
G Cervix uteri nullam partem ovi continens.
F I G. VIII, et IX.
.,Dra hae fiSun£’.hoc fere fol° ab	differunt;	nimirum chorii in de-
ciauas cavum projectio eo minor eft, quo ovum astate minus.
F	I G.	L
i Conceptiori, viz. the chorion with all its contents, fuppofed to be aboul A five weeks. The parts will be underfiood without letters oj reference. Some of the darkeßfpots reprefent the little remnants of clotted blood. In the middle the amnion is Jeen like a round ball, through which the foetui appears indif tinäly. The whole obječl was confiderably flattened and fpread out, by its own weight, as it lay in a little dijh before the painter.
F I	G.	II.
The fame conception, prepared by cutting away a confiderable part of the chorion, and turning aflide the amnion with the enclofed foetus, that the parts about the navel might be feen. It is confiderably magnified, to fhew the fmall parts more diflindly.
The fhaggy floating veffels, whichfloot from the outerfurface of the chorion,
require no explanation.
A A The fpace between the chorion and amnion. This was file d wilh a tender jelly,fo tranfparent as to be abnoß invifible; whence, the branching arleries and veins, filled with red blood, upon the infide of the placenta, were difiindly feen through it.
B	The amnion difiended with a liquor as tranfparent and void of colour as the
cieareßwater; through which the minute parts of the fcetus were diflindly feen.
C	The veficula umbilicalis, diftended witli a fluid. It was neither attached
to the amnion nor the chorion; Jurrounded with the tender jelly; connečled, as by a pedicle, to the navel of the foetus by an artery and a vein; which lay fo clofe together, as to appear like one vefljel filled with red blood, dnd difperfmg its branches on the veficula umbilicalis alone.
The head of the foetus was longer than the trunk: the arms and legs had fhot	out	but	a	little	way:	the	abdominal	vifcera	were	not	covered:	the	darker
part	of thefe	was	the	red liver:	there	being no	navel-flring,	the	foetus zoas	at-
tached at its abdomen to the infide of the amnion and oj the chorion, luhich were contiguous at that place.
F	I	G.	III.
An entire conception fuppofed to be in the fourlh week. The broad and flat upper part of the obječl was a bag of a tender texture, forrned of the decidua only, with a ragged Perforation at each of the two upper angles, where the tubes were fuppofed to have entered; and the thick and narrow portion, at the lower part of the obječl, confißed of all the membranes and their contents.
F	I	G.	IV.
The infide of the fame obječl, laid open by a vertical fečiion. The whole conception retained fiill the triangular fliape of the fundus uteri. The broad upper partfhews the fmoother and cribriforme internal furface of the decidua; and the narrow part below Jbews the fečiion and cavity oj ali the membranes. The rudiments of the foetus were diffolved. The amnion had feparated from, and lay loofe in the cavity of the chorion. Of the two, concentric, white circles, the interior is the fečiion of the chorion; upon the outfide of which is feen the ftratum of fpongy fubflance into which the vejfels fhoot from the chorion. The outer white circle reprefents, at its lower part, the decidua covering the placenta; and, at its upper part, the decidua reflexa.
F	I	G.	V.
A compleat conception, of ab out three weeks.
A A A briflle pajfed into the cavity of the conception, through a hole at each of the upper angles, which was fuppojed to be the termination of the fallopian tube.
B B The fame briflles coming out through a larger hole at the lower angle, fup-pofed to be oppofite to the cervix uteri.
C A fmall hydatide, proječling through the fubflance of the decidua, which had flender branching filaments fhooting from the furface, fuppofed to be the chorion,
F	I	G.	PL
The fame conception, after a confiderable bortion oj its for e-part had been ait out.
A A, BB, C. See flg. V.
It plainty appears that, the decidua, in this cafe, was a thick membrane (of a gelatinous texture) which had lined and adhered to the whole triangular cavity of the fundus uteri; that, the tubes terminated on its internat furface; that, the chorion was lodged in its duplicature, or wasflurrounded with its fubflance; and that, in proportion as the chorion ivould have been extended, in the progrefs of gejlation, it would have encroached upon the cavity oj the decidua, firetching its interior lamella (or decidua reflexa) till at length the cavity being obliterated, that interior lamella would have come into contačl with the infide of the decidua. This progreffive change will be more ctearly underjlood by cornparing the three fol-lowing figures in the inverted order, viz. IX, VIII, and VII.
F	I	G.	VII.
The more advancedflate of a fuppofed conception in thewomb; when the chorion, covered by the decidua reflexa, is flretched a great way out into the cavity of the decidua.
A A Jhe fečiion of the decidua where, in procefs of time, it would conflitute the external lamella of the double membrane which has been commonly named the fpungy or falfe chorion.
B Here the decidua conflitutes the uterine part of the placenta.
G	The cavity of the amnion. — D The cavity or fpace between	the amnion and	chorion.
E	The cavity of the decidua, or the fpace between that membrane and	the	decidua	reflexa.
F F	The tubes, opening upon the injide of the decidua.
G	The cervix uteri, containing no part of the conception.
F I G. Vlil and IX.
Thefe two figures differ from the preceding almofl in this refpeti alone, that the projedion of the chorion into the cavity of the decidua is lefs in proportion as the conception is younger.
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