HHoa3biHHbie pecypcti coBpeMeHHoro yKpaHHCKoro cn0B006pa30BaHHa
EBTEHH^ A. KAPnH^OBCKA^
HHcmumym yKpauHCKo^o M3bwa Ha^oHaMbHou aKadeMuu HayK VKpauHb eyn. ^pyweBCbKo^o, 4, m. Kum, 01001, YKpaiHa; ByM. OcBimu, 6yd. 3-A, kb. 2, m. Kum, 03037, YKpama, karpilovska@gmail.com
_ SCN VII/2 [2014], 18-29 _
Članek obravnava problematiko rabe prevzetih prvin v sodobnem ukrajinskem besedotvorju. Narejena je bila analiza novejših ukrajinskih besed, in sicer v odnosu do poimenovanj istih pojmov v drugih slovanskih jezikih. Raziskovalno gradivo dokazuje, da je lahko vpliv jezika dajalca, predvsem angleščine kot vodilnega globalizacijskega jezika, ki vpliva na sodobno ukrajinsko besedotvorje, odkrit ali zakrit, primaren ali sekundaren. Funkcijski potencial poimenovanj s tujejezičnimi sredstvi omogoča njihovo presojo komunikacijskega pomena inovacije ter predvidevanje njihove usode v jeziku prejemniku.
The paper discusses the problem of the use of borrowed resources in modern Ukrainian derivation. Analysis of the new Ukrainian words was done in relation to the nominations of the same concepts in other Slavic languages. Material research proves that the influence of donor-languages, and, above all, English as the leading language of globalization on contemporary Ukrainian derivation, can be explicit vs. hidden, primary vs. secondary. The functional potential of nominations with foreign-language resources enables one to judge about nominative and communicative importance of an innovation and to predict their fate in the recipient-language.
Ključne besede: poimenovanje, besedotvorna sredstva, inovacija, neosemantizem
Key words: nomination, word formation resources, innovation, neo-semantyzm
YKpaHHa aKTHBHo BKnronHnacb b npo^ccbi mo6a^H3a^HH nocne pacnaga CoBeTCKoro Coro3a u np0B03rnameHua He3aBHcHMocTH b 1991 r. B ycnoBuax oTKpwToro rpa^gaHcKoro o6mecTBa, o^HBneHHbix ^K0H0MmecKHx, nonum-necKHx, KynbTypHbix K0HTaKT0B c gpyrHMH crpaHaMH gna HoBoro yKpaHHcKoro
— 18 —
HHOX3biHHbie pecypcbi c0BpeMeHH0^0 yKpauHCK0^0 cjOBOoôpasoBaHux
rocygapcTBa oco5oe 3HaneHue npuo5pena npo5neMa coxpaHeHua Ha^oHanb-H0H CaM05wTH0CTU, B T0M HUCje H3WK0B0H. YKpaUHCKHH a3MK, nojyHUBmUH CTaTyc rocygapcTBeHHoro a3MKa (TaKoñ ero craiyc b 1996 r. 5mj 3aKpenneH b CTaTbe 10 H0B0H KoHCTHTy^uu YKpauHbi), 0Ka3anca b cjo^hoh cmya^uu. flo 1991 r. oh He $yHKuuoHupoBan n0JH0^HH0 bo MHorax c^epax rocygapcTBeH-Horo ynpaBjeHua, HayKH, TexHUKH u 05pa30BaHHa. Ero 3aMeHaj TyT pyccKHñ H3WK KaK «H3biK Me®HauuoHanbHoro o5meHHH» b 5wBmeM C0BeTCK0M Coro3e. B H0B0H He3aBucuM0H YKpauHe yKpauHCKHH H3WK 5mj npu3BaH k ygoBjeT-BopeHHTO Bcero cneKTpa H0MUHaTUBHbix u K0MMyHUKaruBHbix noTpe5HocTeñ o5mecTBa, k o5ecneneHHro Heo5xoguMbiMu cpegcTBaMu Bcero pa3Hoo5pa3Ha BugoB u ^opM ero h3wkoboh geaTejbHocTu.
nepeg a3MK0BegaMu 5bina nocTaBjeHa 3agana Hpe3BbinañHoñ Ba^HocTu u cjo^hoctu, b to ®e BpeMa 3agana, Hpe3BbinañH0 uHTepecHaa b npo^eccuo-HanbH0M nnaHe, Mo5unu3yromaa Bce ux chjm u 3HaHua. ^T0 - Heo5xoguM0CTb pa3BUTHH H3WKa, o5H0BjeHHH u nonojHeHHa ero neKCUK0Ha u rpaMMaruKu. $opMHpoBaHHH hobmx ero ^yHKuu0HanbH0-CTuneB^ix pa3H0BugH0cTeñ, bm-pa5oTKH K0MMyHUKaTUBH^ix cTpareruñ u TaKTUK, oTBenaro^Hx gyxy H0B0r0 BpeMeHu, Tpe5oBaHuaM u BKycaM yKpauHCKoro o5mecTBa b hobmx ycnoBuax ero ®u3HegeaTejbH0CTu. PemeHue TaKoñ 3aganu TecHo cBa3aH0 c npo5neMoñ o5ecneneHHH rapM0HrnecK0ro pa3BKma Ha^u0HaJbH0^0 a3MKa, noKa3areneM K0Toporo aBjaeTca paBH0Becue Me^gy ero 0TKpbiT0cTbro k BHemHeMy Mupy, k npo^ccaM ^JIo5a^u3a^uu, u coxpaHeHueM ero co5cTBeHHoro «nu^>>, b HacTHocTu, TunonorrnecKHx nepT Ha^uoHaJbHoñ H0MUHa^uu. otkpmtoctb a3MKa b H0MUHa^uu npoaBjaeTca b aKTUBH0M ucn0Jb30BaHuu uHoa3biHHbix pecypcoB gja co3gaHHa hobmx HauMeHoBaHuñ (TeHgeH^ua uHTepHa^uoHa-^u3a^uu, mupe - ^Io5aJU3a^uu), a 3a^uTa ero caMo5biTHocTu npegnonaraeT onopy Ha Ha^uoHaJbHbIe a3biK0Bbie pecypcw b npo^ccax H0MUHauuu, co3ga-Hue co5cTBeHHbix cooTBeTcTBuñ 3auMcTB0BaHHHM, aKTUBU3a^uro uckohhmx Mogeneñ cn0B005pa30BaHHa (TeHgeH^ua HauuoHanu3auuu, mupe - ^THU3a^uu, a b yKpauHcKoñ KyjbiypHoñ Tpagu^uu - «KopeHU3auuu») (.^yKamaHe^ 2003 a, 2003 5, OcTamyK 2006, Waszakowa 2009, KapninoBcbKa 2009).
B ^Toñ cTaTbe mm He cTpeMUMca, ecTecTBeHHo, k o5cy®ge™ro HbrnemHeñ cmyauuu b yKpauHcK0M nmeparypHoM a3MKe b n0JH0M o5teMe. CBoe bhu-MaHue c0cpeg0T0HUM jumb Ha ogHoñ npo5neMe - B3auMogeñcTBuu uHoa3bra-Hbix (BHemHUx, 3aUMCTB0BaHHbix) U co5cTBeHH^ix (BHyTpeHHUx, uckohhmx) pecypcoB yKpauHcKoñ cn0B005pa30BarenbH0ñ H0MUHa^uu. Bbi5op b KanecTBe o5teKTa aHanu3a cn0B005pa30BaHua BnojHe 3aK0H0MepeH, nocKojbKy b yKpa-uhckom, KaK u b gpyrux cnaBaHcKHx a3MKax, cj0B005pa30BaHue no-npe®HeMy aBjaeTca ogHUM U3 ochobhmx cnoco5oB H0MUHa^uu u cpegcTB nonojHeHHa jeKcuK0Ha (3eMcKaa 2000, KnuMeHKo, KapninoBcbKa, kucjmk 2008). KpoMe Toro, MHorue aganTHpoBaHH^ie 3auMcTB0BaHua aKTUBHo BTaruBaroTca ganee b ^po^eccM cn0B005pa30BaHua u TaKHM 05pa30M garoT B03M0®H0cTb npocne-guTb B3auMogeñcTBue cbohx u ny^ux pecypcoB b npo^cce co3gaHua hob^ix HauMeHoBaHuñ (Waszakowa 2003, KapninoBcbKa 2013).
— 19 —
EB^eHux A. KapnunoBCKax
Cboh Ha6nK>geHua u gajbHeMmue pa3MbimneHua 0CH0BMBaeM Ha MaTepua-jax KOMnbroTepHOFO $OHga uhhoba^HM (gajee - KOH) b c0BpeMeHH0M yKpa-hhckom a3MKe, co3gaHHoro b 2006 r. b OTgene CTpyKTypHO-MaTeMaraHecKOH nHHrBHCTHKH HHCTuTyTa a3MKOBegeHua HM. A. A. nOTeÖHH HAH YKpaHHbl b KueBe (c 2011 r. ^T0T HayHHbiM KonneKTuB pa6oTaeT b cOCTaBe HHCTmyTa yKpauHCKOrO a3MKa HAH YKpauHw) u HacHrnbiBaromero Ha cerogHa CBbime 20 tmc. hobmx cjob u cjOBOcoHeTaHuM, a TaKKe Ha MaTepuajax ugeOrpa^HHe-CKOrO cjOBapa hoboh jieKcuKu «AKTuBHbie pecypcbi coBpeMeHHoM yKpauHCKOH HOMHHa^HH^> (gajee - APCYH), cocTaBjeHHoro Ha ocHOBe ^T0^0 $OHga u onyönuKOBaHHoro b 2013 r. (KapnijOBCbKa et al. 2013). y>Ke ynoMaHyTbrä KOH cogepKuT HOMuHauuu - cjOBa u cjOBOCOHeTaHua, oÖHapyKeHHwe b TeKCTax coBpeMeHHbix yKpauHCKux CMH (Tpag^uoHHbix u OHjaMHOBbix), b xygoKe-CTBeHHOÖ, HayHHO-nonyaapHoS nuTepaiype,	u pa3H006pa3H0H
HHTepHeT-K0MMyHHKa^HH (6noru, HaTM, ^opyMbi, ceTeBaa noHTa u peKjaMa u t. n.). XpoHonorunecKu py6eKOM gja onpegejeHua hobu3hm Toro uju uHoro HauMeHOBaHua aBjaeTca 1991 r. KpoMe Toro, yHKTbiBaeTca xapaKTep hobu3hm H0MHHa^HH. flna HOBbix 3HaHeHuM yKe uMero^uxca cjob (HeoceMaHTu3MOB) Hajunue ^uKcauuu b cjOBapax u TeKCTax go 1991 r. aBjaeTca ocHOBaHueM gja onpegejeHua cnoco6a ^opMupoBaHua HOBoro 3HaHeHua: noBTopHoro 3auMCTBOBaHua c HOBbiM 3HaneHueM, KaK, HanpuMep, gja cjob Modepamop, mpernep, mendep, peüdep, noMina^n, npo3opuü, cipuü uju Ke gja pa3BuTua HOBoro 3HaneHua Ha yKpauHCKOH a3MKOBOM noHBe, KaK b cjOBax Kpymuü, örnuü. 3enenuü, Maüdan, noMapameeuü.
Ha cerogHa TeKCTOBaa 6a3a KOH HacHuTMBaeT okojo 20 tmc. MuKpoKOHTeK-ctob ynoTpe6jeHua hobmx HOMuHauuM. B ^opMaTe ero napaMeTpuHecKOM 6a3bi gaHHbix onucaHM pa3juHHMe TeKCTOBbie u cucTeMHbie CBOMCTBa uhhoba^HM: cuHTarMaTuHecKue (^yH^uu b pa3juHHbix Tunax cjOBOCOHeTaHuM), napagur-MaTuHeCKue (cuHOHuMuHecKue, aHTOHuMunecKue, runepo-runoHuMuHecKue. OMOHuMunecKue OTHomeHua b TeKCTe u b cucTeMe a3MKa) u ^^HgH^MaTHHecKHe (cn0B006pa30BaTejbHMH noTe^uaj). OTMeHeHM TaKKe xpoHonorua ux $uKca-uuu b TeKCTax u KogH$HKa^HH b cjOBapax go u nocne 1991 r., BapuaHTM Hanu-caHua, u3MeHeHua b rpaMMamHecKux CBOMCTBax HeoceMaHTu3MOB. MaTepuaj gja conocTaBjeHua c gpyruMu cjaBaHCKuMu a3MKaMu HepnaeM u3 TeKCTOB, Ha^H0HaJbH^Ix KopnycoB u cjOBapeH, b HacTHOCTu, u3 cjOBapeH hoboh jeKcu-Ku, TaKux, KaK «TojKOBMM CJOBapb HOBbix CJOB u 3HaHeHuM pyCCKOrO a3MKa» .H. n. KaxjuHCKOH (KaxjuHCKaa 2008), «HoBbie cjOBa b HemcKOM a3MKe» (Nova slova v cestine 2004), Ha^OHajbHbiM Kopnyc nonbCbKoro a3biKa (NKJP).
O6cyKgaa npo6neMy ucnojb3OBaHua uHoa3biHHbix pecypcoB b coBpe-MeHHOM yKpauHCKOH CJ0B006pa30BaTejbH0H H0MHHa^HH, CHuTaeM BaKHMM OHepTuTb He TOJbKO cneKTp TaKux cpegcTB C03gaHua hobmx HauMeHOBaHuM, ho u xapaKTep ux npoaBjeHua b a3MKe. Mm uMeeM b Bugy pa3juHeHue aBH^ix u ckpmtmx 3auMCTBOBaHuM (Markowski 2000, KapnujOBCKaa 2009), TaK Ha-3MBaeM^ix ceMaHTuHecKux KajeK. npu ^T0M, cn0B006pa30BaTenbH^ie pecypcM mm noHuMaeM KaK nro6bie cpegcTBa C03gaHua hobmx H0MHHa^HM, OTHOca k hum KOHKpeTHMe ^opMaHTM (a^^uKCM, KopHu, ochobm cjob) u Mogeju
- 20 --Slavia Centralis 2/2014
HHOX3biHHbie pecypcbi c0BpeMeHH0^0 yKpauHCK0^0 cjOBOoôpasoBaHux
cn0B005pa30BaHHH, o5pa3^i nocipoeHHa c,ob. B TaKoñ TpaKT0BKe pecypcoB cn0B005pa30BaHHH onupaeMca Ha hx onpegeneHue, npegno^eHHoe b 1958 r. 0CH0BaTe,eM mKonw yKpaHHCKoñ gepHBaronorHH H. H. K0BanHK0M b ero KHure «YneHue o cn0B005pa30BaHHH» (KoBanuK 2007: 92).
CoBpeMeHHwe npo^ccw rao5anu3a^HH cnoco5cTByroT CTpeMHTe,bH0My ^opMHpoBaHHTO H0B0r0 $0Hga UHTepHa^U0HanU3M0B B CnaBHHCKHX H3WKaX.
Ha HT0 y^e He0gH0KpaTH0 o5pamanu BHHMaHue uccnegoBarenu. Ha npuMepe uMeHHo ^TOH neKCHKu Hau5onee Bwpa3UTe,bHw TeHgeH^HH ucnonb30BaHHa
UH0H3WHHWX peCypC0B B C,0B005pa30BaTenbH0H H0MUHa^UU 0Tge,bHWX
cnaBHHCKHX H3WK0B, HX B3auMogeñcTBue c Ha^uoHanbH^IMu pecypcaMu ho-MHHa^uu, o5mee u pa3,HHHoe b coBpeMeHHwx cnaBHHCKHX ,eKCHK0HaX. Ha ^necoo5pa3HocTb cocpegoToneHHH BHHMaHHa b conocTaBUTenbHWX uccne-goBaHHHX Ha neKCuKe c^e^ua^bH0H, TepMUH0n0ranecK0H, o5o3Hanaromeñ noHHTH3, peanuu, HBneHHa, o5^ue gna BceX cnaBHH, yKa3WBan b CBoe BpeMa A. B. HcaneHKo. Pa3Mwmnaa o5 ucTOHHUKax pa3BUTHa cnoBapHwx $0Hg0B coBpeMeHH^iX cnaBHHCKHX H3WK0B, oh o5paman BHHMaHue uccnegoBareneñ Ha to, HT0 Hau5onee noKa3arenbHWMu gna hhx b nnaHe onpegeneHHa o5mero u 0T,HHH0r0 b uHH0Bauu0HHwx npo^ccax MoryT 5wTb «HMeHHo Te neKCu-necKue ^,eMeHTw, K0T0pwe HenocpegcTBeHHo 0Tpa®aroT Hau5o,ee aKTUBHwe npoaBneHHH c0BpeMeHH0H ®u3Hu. TaKHMu ^,eMeHTaMH hb^htotch Te cnoBa, K0T0pwe, gocTaT0HH0 yc,0BH0, mo®ho Ha3BaTb «TepMUHonorHHecKUMu», a He 5wT0Baa neKcuKa c ee cneuu^rnecKUM «cy5cTpaT0M» unu «agciparoM» (HcaneHKo 1958: 336). flna aHanu3a TeHgeHuuM ucn0,b30BaHHH hhoh3whh^Ix pecypcoB b c0BpeMeHH0H yKpaHHcKoñ H0MUHa^HH u conocTaBneHHa yKpauH-ckhx HHH0B a^HH c HHH0Ba^HHMu b gpyrux caBHHcKHX H3WKaX MW u Bw5panH rpynnw H0MHHa^HH o5^hx gna hhx noHaTuñ. npu ^T0M gna conocTaBneHHa Hac HHTepecyeT He T0,bK0 caM Bw5op pecypca - Ha^u0HanbH0^0 unu hhoh-3WHHoro, a u xapaKTep ero ganbHeñmero ucn0,b30BaHHH b a3WKe, Mepa ero ynacTHH b npo^umpoBaHuu TaKoro noHHTHH u caMa HaaBHocTb nogo5Horo npo^H,HpoBaHHH KaK g0Ka3aTe,bcTB0 3HanuMocTu noHHTHH gna co3HaHHa HocuTeneñ H3WKa.
C ^T0H ^nbro b APCYH mw npegno^uru o5muñ ^opMaT gna onucaHHa $yH^uoHanbHoro noTeHuuana hoboh H0MHHa^HH KaK b TeKcTe, TaK u b cucTe-Me H3WKa, yHHTWBaromero Becb cneKTp cBoñcTBeHHwx eñ cuHTamaTmecKHx. napagurMaTHHecKHx u ^^HgH^MaTHHecKHx 0TH0meHuñ c gpyrHMu, hobwmu h y^e u3BecTHWMu, H0MUHauuaMu. TaKaa MarpHya cny^uT uHcTpyMeHT0M gna conocTaBneHHH c gpyruMu H3WKaMu u ^opMoñ o5o5meHHH H3WK0B0r0 MaTepu-ana, a ^Tan0H0M gna conocTaBneHHa HBnaeTca MaTepuan yKpauHcKoro a3WKa.
B ucnonb30BaHuu onpegeneHHoro uHoa3WHHoro pecypca b yKpauHcKoñ cn0B005pa30BaTenbH0H H0MUHauuu BwgenaeM HecKonbKo cnoco5oB: 1) hbhwh - a) ochobw unu ^opMamwi b cocTaBe hobwx 3auMcTB0BaHHñ; 5) y^e ocBoeH-Hwe 3auMcTB0BaHHH c hobwm 3HaneHueM; 2) cKpwTwñ - H0B0e 3HaneHue y^e ocBoeHH^IX HH0H3WHH^IX M0B n0g BnHHHUeM H0B^IX 3aHMcTB0BaHHñ (ceMaH-THHecKaa KanbKa-HeoceMaHTU3M); 3) ucnonb30BaHue rpa^H^ecKHx cpegcTB H3WKa-ucT0HHHKa 3aHMcTB0BaHHH gna o^opMneHHH gepuBaT0B c ru5pHgHoñ
— 21 —
EB^eHux A. KapnunoBCKax
CTpyKiypoH. npHMepoM ucnonb30BaHua TaKoro poga uHoa3biHHbix pecypcoB MO^eT öwTb anocTpo^ nocne uH0a3biHH0M ochobm nepeg ^opMamoM a3bi-Ka-pe^u^ueHTa: S(s)ms 'Ka (HHbie Bapuamw HanucaHua ^T0^0 gepHBaTa b yKpaHHCKoM a3biKe: CMC-Ka, eceMecKa) u cp. ^T0T 3HaK b aHrnuncKoM a3biKe nepeg okohhaHuem ^opMbi npma^arenbHoro nage^a -s: mother s book «khu-ra Marepu». KaK goKa3biBaeT Marepuan yKpauHcKoro u gpyrux cnaBaHcKux a3biK0B, uHoa3biHHbiM pecypc cn0B006pa30BaHHa npe^ge Bcero cociaBnaroT 3auMcTB0BaHHwe ochobm, nprneM, KaK H0Bbie, ocBauBaeMbie Ha Hamux rna3ax, TaK u y^e aganrupoBaHHbie, gaBHo ycBoeHHwe.
HecoMHeHHo, noHaiueM, oö^um cerogHa gna Bcex cnaBaHcKux a3biK0B, cran hobmh Bug cbh3u npu noMomu c^e^uanbH0^0 TexHunecKoro cpegcTBa - mo-öunbHoro Tene^oHa, t. e. Tene^oHa, He uMeromero CTa^u0HapH0^0 ucimHHKa nrnaHua u ycuneHua curHana. B yKpauHcK0M a3biKe H0MUHa^ua Moöinbnuü mene$on u co3gaHHwe Ha ee ocHoBe yHHBepöbi MoöinbnuK, MoöinKa, Moöi-nouKa, Moöin, Moöina, MoöinbuuK cociaBnaroT onno3^uro k Ha3BaHuaM y^e uMero^uxca TexHrnecKux cpegcTB gna Tene$0HH0Ö cBa3u: cma^onapnuü. dpomoeuü (npoeidnuü), mpadu^ünuü, cnpaewniü, neMoöinbnuü mene$on. nprnararenbHoe Moöinbnuü (ot $paHyy3cKoro mobile «nogBu^Hbrä», bocxo-gamero k naruHcK0My mobilis «nerKo gBuraromuöca, ckopmh») yKpauHcK0My a3WKy b 3HaneHuu «nogBu^Hbrä, öbicipbrä» u3BecTH0 gaBHo. nepBWM ero b 1955 r. b TaK0M 3HaneHuu 3a$uKcupoBan «CnoBapb uHocipaHHbix cnoB» nog pega^ueö H. B. .HexuHa u O. M. neipoBa (CnoBHHK... 1955: 474). B hobom ®e 3HaneHHu «He npuBa3aHHbrä k crauu0HapH0My uctohhuky nrnaHua unu ciaHyuu ycuneHua» ero 3aperucipupoBana b cnoBape «HoBoe b yKpauHcKofi neKcuKe» fl. B. Ma3ypuK (Ma3ypuK 2002: 74) c npuMepaMu cnoBoconeiaHufi Moöinbnuü 3e'H30K, Moöinbnuü mene$on u co3gaHHWM Ha ocHoBe ^T0^0 cno-BoconeTaHua yHuBepöoM MoöinbnuK. np0T0Tun0M k TaK0My HauMeH0BaHuro HoBoro cpegcTBa cBa3u b yKpauHcK0M u gpyrux cnaBaHcKux a3WKax, HecoMHeHHo, aBnaeica aHrnuöcKaa cocraBHaa HoMuHauua mobile phone «nepeHocHoö, moöunbHbiH Tene^oH».
B Maiepuanax APCYH ecTb H0MUHa^uu c npunararenbHbiM-HeoceMaHTu3-mom Moöinbnuü KaK b arpu6yTuBH0M, TaK u b cyöcTaHTuBHoö ^yH^uu. TaKue cnoBoconeiaHHa u npou3BogHwe neKceMb, HeÖTpanbHwe u ^KC^peccuBH0-0^H0HHbie, oipa^aroT mupoKHÖ cneKip b coBpeMeHHoö yKpauHcKoö a3bK0-boh npaKTuKe ceMaHTrnecKHx BaneHTHocTeö npunararenbHoro Moöinbnuü b ero hobom 3HaneHHu. CnoBoconeiaHHa «Moöinbnuü» öi3nec (euKnuK, ^i^anm, docmyn, emuKem, wummn, 36'h3ok, Inmepnem, noMep, onepamop, npudamoK, punoK, po3Knad, cmandapm), Moöinbna Mepewa (nenoKopa, peKnaMa, $oöin), Moöinbne ^onocyeannH, $omononrneannn u gepuBarw anmuMoöinbnuü («an-muMoöinbni» (npaeuna, npucmpoi)), neMoöinbnuü («neMoöinbni» CMapm$onu. neMoöinbnuü Kanan (noMep, mene$on)), 3aMoöinena ocoöa onepnuBaroT cneKTp hobmx o6"beKTOB geöcTBKrenbHocTu, HageneHHbix TaKHM hobmm npu3HaK0M. flepuBaTb ®e: npociwe a^uKcanbHbie cnoBa MoöinbnuK, MoöinKa, Moöinou-Ka, Moöin, Moöina, MoöinbuuK u K0Mn03uTw MoöinoeupoönuK, MoöinoenacnuK, MoöinoMan, MoöinoManw, Moöino3anewnicmb, MiniMoöinbnuü o6o3HanaroT 1)
- 22 --Slavia Centralis 2/2014
HHOX3biHHbie pecypcbi c0BpeMeHH0^0 yKpauHCK0^0 cjOBOoôpasoBaHux
H0B0e ycTp0HCTB0 gna TaKoro Buga cbh3h (Mo6HnbHbiH Tene^OH), cbh3 aHH^ix c hum 2) cySteKTOB (npoH3BogHTeneS, Bnagenb^B, nro6HTeneS h ga^e Tex, kto BopyeT TaKue Tene^OHbi (upoHunecKoe yn0Tpe6neHue K0Mn03HTa Mo6inoMan), 3) coctohhhh cySteKTa, Bbi3BaHHbie ucn0nb30BaHueM MoSunbHoro Tene^OHa. KpoMe Toro, TaKue H0B006pa30BaHHa-npunaraTenbHbie, KaK MiniMo6inbnuu,
yKa3MBaroT Ha HegocTaTOHHyro cTeneHb npoaBneHHa TaKoro npu3HaKa (AP-CYH: 209-210), a peKnaMHbie ru6pugHbie 0HHMbi-Ha3BaHHa Bnagenb^B mo-6unbHbix Tene^OHOB Mo6inm, Mo6inenKo cBugeTenbcTByroT o h3mkoboh urpe c npHnararenbHbiM-He0ceMaHTH3M0M Mo6inbnuu c ucn0nb30BaHueM yKpauHcKux narpoHUMunecKux cy^^HKcoB.
ConocTaBneHue c gpyruMu cnaBaHcKHMu a3biKaMH g0Ka3biBaeT, hto ohh npe-HMymecTBeHHO gna HauMeHOBaHua noHaraa «cBa3b npu noMomu Mo6unbHoro Tene^OHa» Bbi6uparoT tot ®e pecypc - npunararenbHoe, Bocxogamee k naruH-cKOMy ^THM0Hy mobilis, cp.: pyc. Mo6uxbHbiu mene^on (Mo6unbnuK, Mo6mm, Mo6ma), 6enopyc. Ma6inbniK, cnoBeH. mobilni telefon, 6onr., MaKegoH. mo6u-nen menefion, nem. mobilek, mobilka, mobilakl (cp. TaK^e b nemcKOM H3bKe mobilni, mobilar, mobilak2, mobilofil, mobiloman, mobilomaniak, mobilovat, mobilit (NSČ: 266-268). B to ®e BpeMa npu o6^hocth Bep6anu3yeMbix no-hhthh 3aMeTeH Bbi6op pa3Hbix cnoco6oB hx HOMHHauuu. TaK, yKpaHHcKHM K0Mn03HTaM Mo6inoeupo6nuK, Mo6inoenacnuK b gociynHbix HaM MaTepuanax b hhmx cnaBHHcKux H3bKax cooTBeTcTByroT cocTaBHbie HOMHHauHu Hanogo6ue pyc. ena^ene^ Mo6unbHo^o mene^ona (Mo6unbHo^o), cnoBeH. lastnik mobilnega telefona.
EgBa nu He eguHCTBeHHbiH cpegu cnaBHHcKux nonbcKHH h3mk npegnoHTeHue OTgan He HH0H3braH0My, a co6cTBeHH0My pecypcy HOMHHauuu, cBugeTenbcTBOM nero HBnaeTca ceMamHHecKaa KanbKa komorkowy telefon u 06pa30BaHHbie Ha ee 0cH0Be yHHBep6 komorka u cy6cTaHTHBaT komorkowy. no cBoeS BHyipeHHefi ^opMe ^Ta H0MHHa^Ha cooTBeTcTByeT yKpauHcKOMy cnoBoconeTaHHro cminb-nuKoeuu mene^on (cp. TaK^e yHHBep6bi Ha ero 0cH0Be cminbnum, cminbnuK, cminbnmm), pyccKOMy comoeuu mene^on (cp. comoeuu) u o6meMy gna Bcex ^THX H3MK0B aHETHHcKOMy ^THM0Hy - HHOMy HaHMeHOBaHHTO TaKoro cpegcTBa cbh3h cellular telephone u K0Mn03HTy Ha ero 0cH0Be cellphone. OgHaKO TaKHe ceMaHTHHecKHe KanbKH Ha 0cH0Be hckohhmx cnoB b yKpauHcKOM, KaK u b pyccKOM, H3bKe He o6penu aKTHBHbiH ^yHKyuoHanbHbiH noTeHuuan, b nacT-hocth, cn0B006pa30BaTenbHbiH. B yKpauHcKOM H3bKe gepuBaTbi Ha ochobc npunaraTenbHoro cminbnuKoeuu ocTanucb eguHHHHbiMH, KaK u b pyccKOM. HanpuMep, b ra3eTH0M nogKopnyce Ha^H0HanbH0^0 Kopnyca pyccKoro H3bKa HaM BcTpeTHnocb cn0B0 comoeuK, OgHaKO numb KaK hmh co6cTBeHHoe^pro-hhm, HauMeHOBaHue HH^0pMa^H0HH0^0 areHTcTBa, a He c0T0B0r0 Tene^OHa nu6o nu^, cbh3aHHOro c hhm (HKPH).
HHorga gna ucn0nb30BaHua toh unu hhoh ochobm b KanecTBe 6a3bi gna Bep6anu3auHH HOBoro noHaTua n0Ka3aTenbH0 OTcyTcTBue BnonHe np0rH03upy-eMOH HOMHHauHu, gna KOTopoS b H3bIKe-pe^H^HeHTe ecTb o6pa3e^ HanpuMep, b yKpauHcKOM neKcuKOHe b y^e gocTaroHHO MHoronucneHHOM cn0B006pa30-BaTenbHOM rHe3ge ot npHnaraTenbHoro-HeoceMaHTH3Ma Mo6inbnuu, b OTnunue
— 23 —
EB^eHux A. KapnunoBCKax
ot nemcKoro a3biKa, HeT niaronoB. ^T0 Tpe6yeT o6"bacHeHHH, nocKonbKy b yKpaHHCKOM a3biKe ecTb Mogenu gna 06pa30BaHua niaronoB, Ha3biBaromux gencTBua, cBa3aHHbie c nepeganen curHanoB: d3eonumu (ot d3ein), KnaKcoHu-mu (ot KnaKcon), ceMa$opumu (ot ceMa$op), mene$oHyeamu (ot mene^on). menemaunyeamu (ot menemaun), mene^pa^yeamu (ot mene^pa$). OgHaKo TaKHe rnaronH b cn0B006pa30BarenbH0H HopMe o6pa3yroT ot ochob cymecT-BurejbHbix - HaHMeHoBaHHH ycTponcTB, cpegcTB gna nepeganu curHanoB, a He npHnararenbHbix, TaKux, KaK MočinbHuu. nogo6Hbie cymecTBHrenbHbie MoryT o6o3Hanarb He TonbKo npu6opbi, ycTponcTBa, ho h My3biKanbHbie HHcTpyMeH-tm, ho jumb Te H3 hhx, hto npuHaTo ucnonb30Barb gna noganu curHanoB: 6apa6anumu (ot 6apa6an), mpy6umu (ot mpy6a), cypMumu (ot cypMa), mpeM-6imamu (ot mpeMČima), ho He *nianinumu (ot nianino) hjh *CKpunKyeamu (ot CKpunKa). HMero^HHca b yKpauHcK0M a3biKe raaron Mo6ini3yeamu npoH3BegeH ot cymecTBHTenbHoro Mo6ini3aty% h Bbipa^aeT 3HaneHue «npuBecTH hto-jh6o b aKTHBHoe cocToaHHe, npH3BaTb Ha BoeHHyro cny®6y».
OTcyTCTBHe raaronoB b hobom rHe3ge ot npHnararenbHoro MočinbHuu hh-kohm o6pa3oM He 03HanaeT, hto b yKpauHcK0M a3biKe 0TcyTCTByroT cpegcTBa gja Bbipa^eHua noHaTua o TaKoM geHCTBuu. yKpauHuw, KaK h pyccKue hjh nonaKM, c ^TOH ^nbro ynoTpe6naroT cnoBoconeTaHua c maronaMH, cp.: yKp. d3BOHumu (nod3eoHumu), 3e'%3amuc% (3e'%3yeamuc%) no Mo6inbnoMy mene-$ony, pyc. 3eoHumb (no3eoHumb), ce%3ambc% (c6%3bieambc%) no M06unbH0My mene$oHy, noj. zadzwonicprzez komorkq, cnoBeH. pokličete na mobilni telefon. 06pamaeT Ha ce6a BHHMaHHe h B03pacTaromaa aKTHBHocTb b yKpauHcK0H pa3r0B0pH0H npaKTHKe, KaK h peneBon npaKTHKe gpyrux cjaBaHcKux a3biK0B. raarona Ha6upamu/Ha6pamu HMeHHo b 3HaneHuu, Bbipa^aromeM gencTBue nepeganu curHanoB npu noMomu Tene^oHa. AKageMrnecKUH tojkobmh «Cjo-Bapb yKpauHcKoro a3biKa» b 11-th ToMax eme b 1974 r. 3a$HKcupoBan ero b TaKoM 3HaneHuu oTHocurenbHo CTa^H0HapH0^0, npoBogHoro, Tene^oHa: Ha6upamu/Ha6pamu - 8. CocTaBjaTb u3 ^H$p Heo6xoguMbiH gja pa3roBopa no Tene^oHy curHan (nepeeod Harn. - E. K). H3 npuBegeHHbix b ^T0M cnoBape npuMepoB ynoTpe6neHua marona b ^T0M 3HaneHuu BbiacHaeM cneKTp 06"beKT0B. B0BneneHHbix b TaKoe gencTBue: HaSupamu HKuucb HOMep, HaSpamu Ha ducKy mene$oHHo^o anapama dei v,ufypu «07» (CyM V: 14). CerogHa b o6uxogHofi penu yKpauH^B nacTO mo^ho ycnbimarb: HaSepu MeHe ni3Hiwe, h Ha6epy me-6e, Konu 3einbHmc% othocuTenbHo gencTBua HMeHHo c noMoqbM Mo6ujbHoro Tene^oHa, k T0My ®e, y®e ga^e 6e3 yT0HHaromux cjob: HoMep hjh ^u$pa. CTaHeT jh TaKoe HoBoe ynoTpe6neHue raarona Ha6upamuHa6pamu hopmoh nuTepaTypHoro a3biKa, yTpaTHT jh oho noKa eqe 0THeTnuByro pa3r0B0pH0-cHH®eHHyro 0KpacKy, noKa^eT BpeMa. ^cho ogHo: maronbi co 3HaneHueM nepeganu curHanoB o6pa3yroTca ot cymecTBHTenbH^ix-Ha3BaHHH cpegcTB gna co3gaHua TaKux curHanoB, ^0^T0My ohh h 0TcyTCTByroT b rHe3ge HHH0BauuH ot npunaraTenbHoro MočinbHuu b ero hobom 3HaneHuu.
B oTnuHue ot HeoceMaHTH3Ma MočinbHuu H0Baa aHrauHcKaa a66peBuarypa SMS b TpaHcKpu6up0BaHH0H ^opMe eceMec b yKpauHcK0M, KaK h b gpyrux cnaBaHcKux a3MKax, cTana ochoboh gna 06pa30BaHua raaronob, o6o3Hana-
- 24 --Slavia Centralis 2/2014
HHOX3biHHbie pecypcbi c0BpeMeHH0^0 yKpauHCK0^0 cjOBOoôpasoBaHux
k^ux KaK caM0 geñcTBue nepeganu coo5meHHñ no M05unbH0My Tene^oHy - eceMecumu, TaK u ogHoKpaTHbiñ cnoco5 ero Bbmo.HeHHH - eceMecHymu. Bot npHMepw hx ynoTpe5.eHHa b H3biKe yKpaHHCKHx cpegcTB MaccoBoñ uh-^opMa^u: onnaHd^i, hkí 36ukäu do 3axi^HoeeponeücbKo^o K0M$0pmy ma o6c^y^oeyeaHHH, nepemHyewu KopdoH, eceMecHynu, ^o «ycniwHo ememu 3 YKpaïHu» (PaKypc. PiBHe, 17.08.2009, N° 409); ...eoHu [3puTe.u - E. K.] no-uuHarnmb ecmaHoenmeamu cnpaeednueicmb i «eceMecumu», hk ôoweeinbHi.... (YKpaïHa Mo.oga, 26.07.2011, N° 128, HHTepBbK My3biKam-a O.era CKpunKu). nogo5Hbie raaronw ^uKCHpyKT H0Bbie c.oBapu u gpyrux c.aBHHCkux h3m-K0B. HanpHMep, b c.oBape «HoBbie c.0Ba b nemcK0M H3biKe» nog pegaKuueñ O. Mapra^oBoñ b ero BTopoM, cymecTBeHHo g0n0.HeHH0M u3gaHHu 2004 r. HaxogHM raaron esemeskovat (NSČ: 108). B coBpeMeHHbix no.bCKHx TeKCTax $yHKuuoHHpyroT raaronw, npou3BogHbie ot HeaganTHpoBaHHoñ aHmuñcKoñ a55peBuaiypbi (SMS-owac), a TaK^e ot ee TpaHCKpu5upoBaHHoro BapuaHTa c rpa^mecKHM BbigeneHueM a55peBuaiypbi-np0T0THna (eSeMeSowac) u 5e3 Hero (esemesowac). n0Ka3are.bH0, hto op^orpa^mecKne no.bCbKue c.o-Bapu, HanpuMep «Bo.bmoñ op^orpa^mecKuñ c.oBapb» («Wielki slownik ortograficzny») ^. non^HCKoro (Polanski 2012) gaeT KaK HopMaraBHbiñ Bapu-aHT ^opMbi ^T0^0 raarona esemesowac b g0Ka3arenbCTB0 ocBoeHua aHrnuM-CKoro np0T0Tuna.
B ucn0.b30BaHHu HH0H3braHbix 0CH0B u $0pMaHT0B Ha5.KgaeM cymecT-BeHHoe pa3nHHue b aKTHBHocTu. B cnpaBeg.HBocTu ^T0^0 Ha5nK>geHua mo®-H0 y5eguTbCH Ha npuMepe HegaBHHx 3aHMcTB0BaHHñ b yKpauHCK0M H3WKe. HanpHMep, b HeM gna o5o3HaneHHa cpegcTB MaccoBoñ HH^opMauuu $yHK-^uoHHpyKT a55peBuaiypbi 3MI (3acoôu Macoeoï iH^opMa^i), 3MIK (3acoôu Macoeoï iH^opMa^ï i KoMyHwa^î), 3MK (3acoôu MacoeoïKoMyHiKarfï). OgHaKo 0Ta55peBuaTypH0e c.0B005pa30BaHue b yKpauHcK0M H3biKe npegno.araeT yTpary cbh3u uckohhoh a55peBuarypw c 5a30BbiM cnoBoconeTaHueM, ee neK-cuKanu3a^HK. nocKo.bKy a55peBuaiypbi 3MI, 3MIK, 3MK gna HocuTeneñ yKpauHcKoro H3WKa ocTaroToa npo3panHbiMu, to c.0B005pa30BaHue ot hhx orpaHUHHBaeTca T0.bK0 TaKUMu pe3y.bTaTaMu h3wkoboh urpw, KaK 3MIü (cp. co c.0B0M 3Miü), 3MIcm (KanaM5ypHoe nponTeHHe c.0Ba 3Micm «cogep^aHue» KaK Ha3BaHHa .h^, cBœaHHoro co cpegcTBaMu MaccoBoñ HH^opMa^u, npeg-cTaBnaKmee co5oñ coegHHeHue a55peBuarypw 3MI+cy^^HKc nu^ -icm, KaK b HeñTpanbH0M gepuBare MamuH-icm (MamuH(a) + -íct).
flna BwnonHeHua 3aganu npo^HnupoBaHua noHaraa, o5o3HaneHHoro a55pe-BuaTypaMu 3MI, 3MIK, 3MK, 5o.ee ygo5Hoñ 0Ka3anacb uHoœbiHHaa 0cH0Ba Media-. OHa He H0Ba gna yKpauHcKoro œbma. B «PyccK0-yKpauHcK0M c.oBape» YKpauHcKoñ aKageMHH HayK, u3gaHH0M nog pegaKuueñ A. KpwMcKoro u C. E^peM0Ba b 1924-1932 rr., y^e HaxogHM c.0Ba c ^Toñ ocHoBoñ, Bocxogameñ k naT. medium «cepeguHa», ogHaKo c hhwmu 3HaneHHaMu: MediaH «cpegHuñ ^opMaT 5yMarH^», Medieei3M «yBneneHHe cpegHeBeK0BbeM», Medio «cpegHuñ copT (T0Bapa)), Medioeanb «ranorpa^cKHH mpu^T» (CKG III: 500). no HamuM gaHH^iM, BnepBwe TpaHc.HTepHpoBaHHoe 3aHMcTB0BaHHe b nonHoñ (MacMedia) u pegyuupoBaHHoñ (Media) ^opMax c ge^HHH^ueñ «cpegcTBa MaccoBoñ uh-
— 25 —
EB^eHux A. KapnunoBCKax
$opMa^uu (KOMMyHuKauuu) - npecca, kuho, TB, ayguo- u BugeoKacceTw, nnaKarw u t. n.» b 1999 r. 3a$uKcupoBana T. n. MapTuHaK b «PyccKO-yKpauH-ckom cnoBape uHocTpaHHwx cnoB» (PYCHC: 178, 180). B Hanane XXI BeKa yKpauHcKue cnoBapu u TeKcTw ^uKcupyroT y^e gocraTOHHO noKa3arenbHoe neKcuK0-cn0B005pa30BarenbH0e rae3go c ^T0H ochoboh. B HeM npeo5nagaror K0Mn03uTw c npou3BogHWMu OT HeKOTopwx u3 hux, cp.: Media-aK^a, Media-ôoMÔa, Media-ducKypc, Media-iHdycmpia, Media-Knyö, Media-KoMnaHiH, Media-Ma^Ham, (u Me^ia-Ma^Hamcmeo), Media-Micm, Me^ia-oni^apx, Media-napmHep, Media-nampoHam, Media-nidmpuMKa, Me^ia-npo^paMa, Media-npoeKm. Media-npocmip, Me^ia-mexHono^ia, Media-xonduMynhmuMedia (u MynhmuMediüHuü ^ MynhmuMediüHicmh). A TaKue npocrwe a^uKcanbHtie npou3BogHwie, KaK MediüHuü, MediüHUK, MediüHutya, Mediïcm, goKa3WBaroT, hto gna ganbHeñmero npo^unupoBaHua ^T0^0 noHaTua yKpauHcKuñ a3WK ucnonb3yeT co5cTBeHHwie ^opMaHTbi, aganrupya TaKuM 05pa30M uHoa3braHyro ocHOBy k cn0B005pa30-BarenbHOH u rpaMMamnecKOH cucTeMe yKpauHcKoro a3WKa.
Ecnu yKpauHcKuñ a3WK oxotho 3auMcTByeT uHoa3braHwe ochobw b Kanecrae 5a3w gna npo^unupoBaHua noHaTuñ, to gna co3gaHua acneKTHbix uHHOBauun. Bwpa^eHua pa3nmHwx cn0B005pa30BaTenbHwix 3HaneHuM npegnonuraeT uc-nonb3OBaTb co5cTBeHHwe, Ha^uoHanbHMe ^opMamw. B KanecTBe npuMepa npuBegeM aKTuBHO 05H0BnaeMyro Htrne Kareropuro cnoB-Ha3BaHuñ nro5ureneH Koro-, nero-nu5o (nacro cBepx Mepw). AKTuBroauuro 05pa30BaHua HOMuHa-^UH nu^ Hpe3MepHO yBneneHHwx neM-nu5o unu KeM-nu5o, c OTpu^TenbHOÖ o^hkom TaKoro npeBwmeHua Mepw geMOHcTpupyroT HOBwe K0Mn03uTw c ochoboh -3axeMHUü: anK03ane^Huü, mmepHem3anew:Huü, Kiöep3ane^Huü, HapK03ane^Huü, nonim3ane^Huü, mmmmH03ane^Huü u ga^e Mimu^o3a-ne^Huü u H0euH03ane^Huü. OcHOBe -3axewHuü b TaKOM hobom 3HaneHuu b Ha3BaHuax nu^ cuhohumuhhm npunacTua cmypöoeaHuü, 3aKnonomaHuü b cocraBHwix HauMeHOBaHuax nu^ unu rpynn nu^ cp: Ha^oHanhHo cmypöo-eaHi napmiï, mobho cmypöoeaHuü eneKmopam (uHorga u b HanucaHuu nepe3 ge^uc b coneTaHuu c HapenuaMu (KynhmypHo-cmypöoeaHa ocoöa), nonimuuHü 3aKnonomaHuü nonimuK, Ha^oHanhHo 3aKnonomaHuü dypHUK. Cy5cTamuBu-poBaHHoe npmacrue 3aKnonomaHuü b pa3r0B0pH0H penu ucnonb3yeTca gna o5o3HaneHua n^a c ceKcyanbHWMu npo5neMaMu (cp. c TeM ®e 3HaneHueM pyccKoe pa3roBopHoe o3aöoueHHuü).
napannenbHO c hobwmu co5cTBeHHWMu 0cH0BaMu-cy^^uKc0ugaMu b yKpauHcKOM neKcuKOHe noaBunucb u HOBwe npou3BogHwe c uHoa3biHHMMu ^opMaHTaMu: a55pocHOBaMu -$aH (ot fyaHamuK) u ^omk (ot anKo^oniK), cp.: iHmepHem-^aH, KiHo^aH, mne$aH (ot uMeHu Wnn (Mnia TuMomeHKO - yKpauHcKuH nonuTuK) unu iHmepHemo^oniK, eamo^oniK. B ^T0M nnaHe no-Ka3arenbHO u noaBneHue K0Mn03ur0B-ru5pug0B c ^M0^u0HanbH0-0^eH0HH0ñ KOHHOTauueñ. HanpuMep, gna o5o3HaneHua n^a, rorotabnubaromero ktohíi b coBpeMeHHOM yKpauHcKOM a3WKe ecTb aganTupoBaHHWH aHrnuHcKuM K0Mn03uT KnoHMeüKep u ero KOHKypeHT - KnoHyeanhHUK, cy^^uKcanbHoe npou3BogHoe ot rnarona KnoHyeamu «co3gaBarb, u3roTaBnuBaTb KnoHw». OgHaKO gna homu-Ha^uu u3r0T0Burena nnoxux, HeKanecTBeHH^ix KnoHOB b yKpauHcKOM a3WKe
- 26 --Slavia Centralis 2/2014
HHOX3bmHbie pecypcbi c0BpeMeHH0^0 yKpauHCK0^0 cjioBooópasoBaHux
co3gaH K0Mn03HT kmohopo6 c coScTBeHHoñ KOHeHHOH ochoboh -po6 (ot marola poñumu «genaTb»). HMeHHo b coneTaHuu c uH0H3braHbiMu HananbHbiMu 0CH0BaMH yKpauHcKaa 0CH0Ba -po6 npuo6peTaeT oTpu^TenbHyro o^HoHHyro K0HH0Ta^Hro, cp.: 6pampo6 «6paKogen», eipmopoó «cTuxonneT».
YKpaHHCKHH h3wk ycBaHBaeT HoBbie uH0H3bHHbie ochobw KaK 6a3y gna Bep6anu3auuu H0Bbix noHaruH, ogHaKO b ganbHeñmeM ux npo^unupoBaHHu. oh, KaK y6e®garor BbimenpuBegeHHbie npuMepb, onupaeTca Ha co6cTBeHHbie ^opMaHTw c npo3panHoñ BHyTpeHHeñ ^opMoñ. ^T0 ornernuBo npoHBnaeTca b cooTHomeHHH gepuBaroB c HHoa3bHH^iMu ^opMaHTaMH, Bbpa®aro^HMH onpegeneHHoe 3HaneHue b o6meM Buge, c gepuBaraMu, Ha^oHanbHbie $op-MaHTb KoTopbx garor B03M0®H0cTb ^opMupoBaTb pa3pagb cnoB KaK c o6^hm (KaTeropuanbHbM), TaK u c nacrabiMu (pa3pagHbMu) cn0B006pa30BaTenbHbi-mh 3HaneHHHMu. HanpuMep, 3auMcTB0BaHHaa u3 aHrnuñcKoro a3bKa ocHoBa -MeÜKep yKa3bBaeT B006me Ha u3roroBHrenH Toro, hto 0603HaneH0 HananbHoñ ochoboh cnoBa: KioHMeüKep, iMidwMeüKep, ximMeüKep, KiinMeüKep. YKpauH-cKyro ocHoBy -po6 c TaKUM ®e KareropuanbHbM 3HaneHueM b oxnuHue ot ee HH0H3bHH0r0 cooTBeTcTBUa, cnoco6H^I yTOHHHTb ocHoBb c pa3pagHbMH 3Ha-neHHHMu, yKa3bBaromuMu Ha cnoco6 roroTOBneHua unu o6pa6oTKu Toro, hto Ha3BaHo nepBoñ ochoboh, coBepmeHHa Hag hhm geñcTBHa, TaKue, KaK -pÍ3, -dye (cKiopoó u CKrnpi3, cKiodye), -Kyp, -nepniü (eunopoó u eunoKyp, eunouepniü), -ean (cyKnopoó u cymoecui), -eap (cupopoó u cupoeap) u gp. AHanu3 HoBbix yKpauHcKux gepuBaroB, b co3gaHuu KoTopbx ucnonb30BaHb uH0H3bHHbie pe-cypcb cn0B006pa30BaHua, BcenaroT Hage^gy Ha to, hto yKpauHcKoMy a3bKy He yrpo^aeT npeBpameHue ero b HauuoHanbHbiñ BapuaHT globish, yTpara hm caMo6bTHocTu, b nacTHocTu, Ha^u0Ha^bH0^0 Konopura ero cnoBoo6pa3o-BarenbHoñ HoMUHauuu. HanpoTUB, rny6oKaa, geTanbHaa pa3pa6oTKa HoBbx noHATuñ cnoco6cTByeT aKTUBU3a^uu co6cTBeHHbx cn0B006pa30BaTenbHbix pecypcoB Ha^u0HanbH0^0 a3bKa, ucnonb30BaHuro Mogeneñ co3gaHua cnoB, cooTBeTcTByromux npuHyunaM Hauu0HanbH0H3bK0B0H K0H^nryanu3auuu u KaTe^opu3a^uu Mupa.
^HTEPATYPA
EneHa 3EMCKAS, 2000: ÁKmuenue npoqeccbi c0epeMeHH0^0 cnoeonpomeoócmea. PyccKuü hsuk KoH-ya XX cmonemun (1985-1995). MocKBa: ^hkh pyccKon KyjiKiypbi. 90-141.
AneKcaHgp HCAHEHKO, 1958: K Bonpocy o cTpyKTypHon Tunonoruu cnoBapHoro co-cTaBa cnaBaHcKux nuTeparypHbix A3biK0B. Slavia XXVII/3, 334-352.
GBreHÍa KAPümOBCLKA, ^apuca KHCTroK, HiHa K.HHMEHKO, BaneHTUHa KPHTCLKA, TeraHa nY3,qHPGBA, Mnia POMAHTOK, 2013: ÁKmuempecypcu cynac-hoiyKpaiHcbKoi HoMÍHaqii: I^eo^pa$i^Huü cíobhuk hoboineKcuKu. KHIB: TOB «KMM».
— 27 —
EB^eHux A. KapnunoBCKax
EBreHua KAPnKHOBCKAa, 2009: HHTepHa^HOHaIH3a^Ha aBHaa u cKptrraa b coBpe-MeHHOM yKpauHCKOM leKcuKoHe. Przejawy internacjonalizacji w jgzykach slowianskich. Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Akademii Podlaskiej. 43-52.
CBrema KAPnI.OBCLKA, 2013: KoHKypyBaHHa pecypciB y cynacmft cioB'aHctKift HoMmauil: CBoe-3acBoeHe-3acBoroBaHe. Cnoe'mcbKi oßpii 6/1. 245-258.
—, 2009: CeMaHTHKO-npamaTHHHa gu^epe^ia^ cioBoTBopnux pecypciB mobh: cboc Ta 3acBoeHe. Hoeue nenemun b cnaemcmM cnoeoo6pa3oeaHuu: cucmeMa u tfyHKquomu-poeaHue. MocKBa: H3g-Bo Mock. yH-Ta. 228-244.
^ua KAT.HHHCKAS, 2008: Tonmeuü cnoeapb Hoeux cnoe u 3Hauemuü pyccK0^0 n3UKa. MocKBa ACT: AcTpeit.
HiHa K.HHMEHKO, GBrema KAPnI.OBCLKA, .apuca KHC.TOK, 2008: ^mauium npoqecu b cyuacmouy yKpaimcbKouy neKcuKomi. KkIb: BugaBHunuft giM flMuTpa Eyparo.
iBaH KOBA.HHK, 2007: BneHHa npo cioBoTBip: cioBoTBopni nacTuHu cioBa. Buemmn npo cnoeomeip: Bußpami npa-yi. IBaHo-®paHKiBctK-.HLBiB: MicTo HB. 21-169.
AieKcaHgp .yKAEAHE^ 2003a: npaqecu iHm^pHa^uMHani3a^ui y pycKaü, 6ena-pycrnü i yKpaimcmü Moeax. Slowotwörstwo/Nominacja. Innsbruck: Univer. Innsbruck; Opole: Uniwer. Opolski. 59-77.
--, 20036: T^H^^H^uM da HaqunHani3aqui y pycKaü, ßenapycKaü i yKpaimcKaü Moeax.
Slowotwörstwo/Nominacja. Innsbruck: Univer. Innsbruck; Opole: Uniwer. Opolski. 137-151.
flaHyTa MA3YPHK, 2002: Hoee b yKpaimcbKiü neKcuiji: CnoemuK öoeiömuK. .tBiB: CBiT.
TaMapa MAPTHHSK, 1999: PyccKo-yKpaumcKuü cnoeapb umocmpammux cnoe. XaptKoB: npanop.
HKPH: HaquoHanbmuü Kopnyc pyccK0^0 n3UKa. www.ruscorpora.ru
OKcaHa OCTAn^YK, 2006: ^treoBoe BaptupoBaHue KaK $aKTop BHyTpeHHeft guHaMuKu B coBpeMeHHoM yKpauHcKoM a3HKe: ypoBHu u cnoco6ti MaHH$ecTa^HH. rno6anu.3awM - ^mHU3a^uM: ^mH0KynbmypHue u ^mH0M3UK0eue npoqeccu. MocKBa: HayKa. Kh.1. 210-238.
PociücbKo-yKpaimcbKuü cnoemuK / Roi. peg. A. KpuMctKuft Ta C. C^peMoB, 1924-1932. KkIb: yKpaiHctKa pagaHctKa e^uKionegia. T. I-III.
CnoemuK immouoemux cnie / nig peg. I. B. .toxiHa O. M. neTpoBa, 1955. KkIb: flepxaBHe BugaBHu^rao noiiraHHol liTepaiypu yPCP.
CyM: CnoemuKyKpaimcbKoi mobu, 1970-1980. KMb: HayKoBa gyMKa. T. I-XI.
Andrzej MARKOWSKI, 2000: Jawne i ukryte nowsze zapozyczenia leksykalne w mediach. Jqzyk w mediach masowych. Warszawa: Upowszechnianie Nauki-Oswiata «UN-O». 96-111.
NRJP: Narodowy Korpus Jqzyka Polskiego. www.nkjp.pl
NSČ: Nova slova v destine: Slovnik neologizmü, 2004. Praha: Academia. Vyd. 2.
Krystyna WASZAKOWA, 2009: Internacjonalizacja polskiej leksyki - stan obecny, prognozy na najblizszq przyszlosc. Przejawy internacjonalizacji w j^zykach slowianskich. Siedlce: Wyd. Akademii Podlaskiej. 11-28.
- 28 --Slavia Centralis 2/2014
HHOX3bmHbie pecypcbi c0BpeMeHH0^0 yKpauHCK0^0 CM0B006pa30BaHUH
—, 2003: Przejawy tendencji do internacjonalizacji w systemach slcwctworczych j^zykow zachcdnicslcwianskich. Slowotw6rstwo/Nominacja. Innsbruck: Univer. Innsbruck; Opole: Uniwer. Opolski. 78-102.
Edward POLANSKI, 2012: Wielki slcwmik crtcgraficzny. Warszawa: PWN.
TUJEJEZIČNA SREDSTVA SODOBNEGA UKRAJINSKEGA BESEDOTVORJA
Članek obravnava problematiko rabe prevzetih prvin v sodobnem ukrajinskem bese-dotvorju. Raziskovalno gradivo dokazuje, da je lahko vpliv jezika dajalca, predvsem angleščine kot vodilnega globalizacijskega jezika, ki vpliva na sodobno ukrajinsko be-sedotvorje, odkrit ali zakrit, primaren ali sekundaren. Funkcijski potencial tako nastalih poimenovanj s tujejezičnimi sredstvi omogoča njihovo presojo komunikacijskega pomena inovacije ter predvidevanje njihove usode v jeziku prejemniku.
Predmet analize so prevzete besedotvorne podstave in prevzeta besedotvorna obrazila. Raziskovana je bila njihova vloga pri širjenju kognitivnih in komunikacijskih zmožnosti v sodobni ukrajinščini, kategorizacija in oblikovanje konceptov. Mednarodni značaj teh sredstev ukrajinskega besedotvorja je potrjen s primerjavo poimenovanj v drugih slovanskih jezikih: v ruščini, poljščini, češčini, bolgarščini, slovenščini itd. Gradivo za tovrstno primerjavo je bilo zbrano v slovarjih novejšega besedja, nacionalnih korpusih slovanskih jezikov in spletni komunikaciji. Prispevek se osredinja na funkcijskost tega gradiva v ukrajinščini.
Popoln razvoj nacionalnega jezika predvideva sorazmernost med domačimi poimeno-valnimi sredstvi in njihovo sposobnostjo asimilacije prevzetih besed, s prilagojenostjo leksikalnemu, slovničnemu, besedotvornemu in morfemskemu sistemu nacionalnega jezika prejemnika. Funkcija prevzetih besedotvornih podstav nakazuje njihovo pomembnost pri poimenovanjih jezika prejemnika, prav tako pa tudi njihovo sistemsko stabilnost. Članek predstavlja tipološko pestrost aktivnih prevzetih besed, in sicer semantične ter besedotvorne kalke, hibride, polkalke. Posebna pozornost je posvečena kognitivni in komunikacijski primernosti izposojenk v odnosu do poimenovanj, temelječih na domačih (ukrajinskih) sredstvih.
— 29 —