HACQUETIA 4/2 • 2005, 83–120 CommUnITIEs wITH Eryngium alpinum In THE soUTHErn JUlIAn Alps (mTs. ČrnA prsT And porEzEn) Igor DAKSKoBlEr*, Wilfried roBErT FrANZ** & Gabrijel SElJAK** * Izvleček Po standardni srednjeevropski metodi (Braun-Blanquet 1964) smo v južnih Julijskih Alpah (Črna prst, Kobla, Slatnik, Porezen) preučili rastlinske združbe na nekdanjih subalpinskih senožetih in pašnikih, v katerih uspeva vrsta Eryngium alpinum. Njihovo vrstno sestavo smo primerjali z vrstno sestavo podobnih združb visokih steblik in subalpinskih travišč drugod v Alpah (Aichinger 1933, Braun-Blanquet 1969, 1976, Béguin 1972, Sutter 1978, Gehu-Franck & al. 1984, Franz 2004 mscr.) in v Dinarskem gorstvu (Horvat 1930, 1962, Fukarek 1957, Horvat & al. 1974). Na podlagi te primerjave večino sestojev z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v južnih Julijskih Alpah uvrščamo v naslednje sintaksone: Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 ass. nova (zveza Caricion ferrugineae in razred Elyno-Seslerietea), Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. var. Serratula macrocephala prov. (zveza Adenostylion alliariae in razred Mulgedio-Aconitetea) in Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger 1922 corr. Zupančič & Žagar 2001 var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris Zupančič & Žagar 2001 (zveza Alnion viridis in razred Mulgedio-Aconitetea). Abstract Applying the standard Central-European method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) we studied the plant communities on former subalpine hay-fields and meadows with Eryngium alpinum in the southern Julian Alps (Mts. Črna prst, Kobla, Slatnik, Porezen). Their species composition was compared to the species composition of similar tall herb communities and subalpine grasslands elsewhere in the Alps (Aichinger 1933, Braun-Blanquet 1969, 1976, Béguin 1972, Sutter 1978, Gehu-Franck & al. 1984, Franz 2004 mscr.) and the Dinaric mountains (Horvat 1930, 1962, Fukarek 1957, Horvat & al. 1974). Based on this comparison, most stands with Eryngium alpinum in the southern Julian Alps are classified into the following syntaxa: Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 ass. nova (alliance Caricion ferrugineae and class Elyno-Seslerietea), Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. var. Serratula macrocephala prov. (alliance Adenostylion alliariae and class Mulgedio-Aconitetea) and Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger 1922 corr. Zupančič & Žagar 2001 var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris Zupančič & Žagar 2001 (alliance Alnion viridis and class Mulgedio-Aconitetea). Ključne besede: Eryngium alpinum, Caricion ferrugineae, Adenostylion alliariae, Alnion viridis, fitocenologija, sinsistematika, južne Julijske Alpe, zahodna Slovenija Key words: Eryngium alpinum, Caricion ferrugineae, Adenostylion alliariae, Alnion viridis, phytosociology, synsystematics, the southern Julian Alps, western Slovenia 1. INTroDUCTIoN Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora – 1992. Therefore its localities and sites call for extra atten- Eryngium alpinum is a Central- and south-European tion and protection. mountain species, included into The Council Di-The species is distributed in the Alps and the rective 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Dinaric mountains and is classified among Alpine * Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija ZrC SAZU, regijska raziskovalna enota Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI - 5220 Tolmin, Slovenija; Igor.Dakskobler@guest.arnes.si ** Am Birkengrund 75, A-9073 Klagenfurt-Viktring; wfranz@aon.at ***Kmetijsko-gozdarski zavod Nova Gorica, Pri hrastu 18, 5000 Nova Gorica; GabrijelS@kvz-ng.si 83 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Illyrian species (Aeschimann & al. 2004a: 1074). Its localities are in the French (High) Jura, along the Alpine chain from the Maritime to the Carnic Alps, Julian Alps and the Karavanke (Karawanken) mountains (but not in the Austrian part of these mountains), as well as in the Dinaric mountains up to Bosnia and Montenegro. Its occurence in the Carpathians (Tatra) in Slovakia is questionable (Hlavaček & al. 1984: 193, the species is not included in the register of Slovakian flora – Marhold 1998). In Slovenia it grows in the Julian Alps (the Krn mountain chain, Mts. Črna prst and Porezen) and in the Karavanke mountains. Its localities in Slovenia were recently presented in more detail (Dakskobler 2004), whereas the most endangered and in places possibly even lost localities in the Karavanke mountains were described by Praprotnik (2002, 2004). In Slovenia, the species grows on former hay-fields, on coarse, overgrown hillside scree (talus) and on rocky plains. The geological bedrock is limestone, occasionally mixed with marl, claystones and cherts. 2. rEvIEw of CommUnITIEs wITH Eryngium alpinum dEsCrIbEd so fAr In slovEnIA, ElsEwHErE In THE Alps And In THE dInArIC moUnTAIns In general, Eryngium alpinum is a plant of open habitats, natural and secondary grasslands along or just above the upper timberline. It grows above all in the communities of the alliance Caricion ferrugineae G. & J. Br.-Bl. 1931 and in the communities of the order Adenostyletalia G. & J. Braun-Blanquet 1931 (oberdorfer 1983: 698, Kässerman & Moser 1999: 134), as well as in tall herb communities of the altimontane and subalpine belt from the alliance Calamagrostion arundinaceae oberdorfer 1950 (Kässerman & Moser 1999: 134, Aeschimann & al. 2004a: 1074). There are relatively few phytosociological studies of its sites. In his extensive monography on the vegetation of the Karavanke mountains, Aichinger (1933) included a phytosociological table with four relevés when describing the association Caricetum ferruginei carniolicum Aichinger 1933, and thus illustrated the transition between the stands of this association and various stands of tall herbs. In one of the relevés of this transitional, synsystematically unclassified community, the occurrence of Eryngium alpinum was noted. Aichinger (1933: 130–131) found this transitional community in gently sloping hollows on the southern slopes of Mt. Golica (which is in the territory of Slovenia), at an altitude of 1650 to 1700 m. The locality of Eryngium alpinum was documented with a phytosociological table also on the southern slopes of Mt. Porezen in the foothills of the Julian Alps. It was here that Seljak (1974: 61–64) in his graduation thesis presented a community of the species Eryngium alpinum-Carex ferruginea with four relevés at an altitude between 1370 and 1450 m. on Mt. Črna prst, under lisec, the stands with Eryngium alpinum were first phytosociologically studied by T. Wraber (1990: 52), but his relevé was not published (T. Wraber, written note, 2003). In recent years, the successional stage Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris Dakskobler 2003 (nom. prov.) was described when researching former hay-fields in the Julian Alps. The phytosociological table of this community (relevé No. 1 in the Phytosociological Table 1, under Slatnik, in the upper Bača Valley) includes Eryngium alpinum (Dakskobler 2003a). In the wider region of Mt. Črna prst, three relevés with this species have been published so far: in the shrub community with the species Acer pseudoplatanus, Rhamnus fallax, Ribes petraeum, R. alpinum and Lonicera alpigena, in the stand of the syntaxon Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger 1922 corr. Zupančič & Žagar 2001 var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris Zupančič & Žagar 2001, and in the stand of the provisionally described community Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae nom. prov. (Dakskobler 2003b: 52–53, and Phyt. Tab. 4 on pages 65–66). Several authors have written about Eryngium alpinum elsewhere in the Alps and in the Jura. Braun- Blanquet (1969) described an endemic tall herb community of the subalpine belt (1800 to 2000 m a.s.l.) in the southwestern (French) Alps, Myrrhido- Adenostyletum Braun-Blanquet 1969. Among the character species of this association he mentioned also Eryngium alpinum (although it occurs in only one of the six published relevés). In his extensive analysis of the vegetation and ecology of the High Jura in Switzerland and France, Béguin (1972, effectively in fact published not earlier than in 1974*) * Claude Béguin's thesis »Contribution a l'étude phytosociologique et écologique du Haut Jura«, Beitr. Geobot. landesaufn. Schweiz 54, 190 pp. + 1 map was effectively published as late as in 1974. Therefore, the date of publication of all syntaxonomical novelties published in the thesis is in fact 1974. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this (the publication was delayed be 84 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … described among others also a new association Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae Béguin 1972 (alliance Caricion ferrugineae, Table 8), whose character species include Eryngium alpinum (although it occurs in only two of the 18 relevés, in its humid form). An interesting tall herb community with Eryngium alpinum was described in the Swiss Alps (Nufenen, Hinterrheintal) by Braun-Blanquet (1976: 11–12), who found it in a stony, sunny gully at an altitude between 1920 to 1960 m and published two relevés. Characteristic for this community is an abundant occurrence of the species Eryngium alpinum, Stemmacantha rhapontica, Dactylis glomerata, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Festuca violacea, Helianthemum grandiflorum, Heracleum montanum, Hieracium prenanthoides, Laserpitium latifolium, Gentiana lutea, Crepis pyrenaica etc. Braun-Blanquet (1976) allowed the possibility that this was an independent association or a specific form of the association Peucedano ostruthi-Cirsietum spinosissimi J. & G. Br.-Bl. 1931. Sutter (1978) classified the tall herb community from the Swiss Central Alps dominated by Stemmacantha rhapontica as the association Eryngio-Centaureetum rhaponticae Sutter 1978, and noted that both species after which the new association was named often share the same sites (and therefore similar ecology – limestone to neutral soil on southern slopes). He presented the new association with ten relevés – Eryngium alpinum occurs in only one of them (the two relevés published by Braun-Blanquet 1976 could probably be classified into this association, too). Karner & Mucina (1993: 475–476) treat Sutter’s name as a syntaxonomical synonym for the association Centaureetum rhaponticae van Gils & Gilissen 1976 (as the latter name was published before Sutter’s, although not yet at the time when Sutter was writing his thesis). In the original description of the association Centaureetum rhaponticae (van Gils & Gilissen 1976) Eryngium alpinum no longer occurs, but Karner & Mucina (1993: 476) classify it as the character species of the association. A somewhat similar community with Stemmacantha helenifolia and Eryngium alpinum as the dominant species was described in the French Alps by Gehu-Franck & al. (1984), who classified it into the new association Polygono bistortae-Eryngietum alpini Gehu-Franck, Gehu & Dhennin 1984. In the Southeastern Alps (the Carnic Alps and Gailtaler cause C. Béguin was on leave in the United States, but as the cover had already been printed before his departure, they did not want to change the date) – Theurillat (electronic message, 30. 3. 2005). Alps), the stands with Eryngium alpinum have been studied in recent years by one of the co-authors of this article, Franz (1997, 2002, 2004 mscr.). His, for now unpublished, relevé material on the community of the species Allium victorialis and Eryngium alpinum (Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz nom. prov.) was used in our comparisons. Some subassociations of this community can be expected in Carinthia and Italy. In the Dinaric mountains, the stands with Eryngium alpinum were phytosociologically first studied by I. Horvat (1930). He found the species in the subalpine grasslands in the Croatian part of this mountain range (northern and southern Velebit, lička Plješivica). In the grasslands from the alliance Festucion pungentis Horvat 1930 (dry grasslands on deep limestone soil on more or less sheltered aspects) the species grows in the stands of the association Festucetum pungentis Horvat 1930, where it is one of the character species (in the phytosociological table with 29 relevés it has the frequency of 31 % – Horvat 1930, Tab. 5, in the Synoptic Table 143, in Horvat & al. 1974: 607–608 it is mentioned with the constancy of 1 to 4 in three forms of the association). later it was mentioned also in the stands of the provisionally described association Festuca pungens-Centaurea kotschyana Horvat nom. prov. on Durmitor in Montenegro (Horvat 1930, Horvat & al. 1974: 605–609). Horvat (1930: 67) wrote that Eryngium alpinum on Plješevica (= Plješivica) and in the northern Velebit grows in subalpine grasslands and open dwarf pine stands (Pinetum mugo s. lat.). later, in 1956, Horvat described the association Adenostylo alliariae-Doronicetum austriaci Horvat ex Horvat, Glavač & Ellenberg 1974 on Bjele Stijene in Velika Kapela, on Snježnik and Plješivica, mostly in small karst sinkholes. Eryngium alpinum (Horvat & al. 1974: 581) is one of the local character species of the association, although this is not mentioned in Horvat’s short description of the community (Horvat 1962: 103). Horvat classified the other group of communities with Eryngium alpinum into the alliance Caricion ferrugineae. He recorded it in the stands of the association Calamagrostio-Centaureetum pseudophrygiae Horvat ex Horvat & al. 1974 (on risnjak and Snježnik, see also Horvat 1962: 100), Hyperico grisebachii-Caricetum ferrugineae Horvat ex T. Wraber 1971 (on the same location), and in the stands of the provisionally described community Ranunculus thora-Astrantia major ass. Horvat nom. prov. on Bjelašnica in Bosnia (Horvat & al. 1974: 605–609). In Bosnia, on the Plazenica alp, Fukarek (1957) 85 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 described a shrub community of Eryngium alpinum and Sorbus chamaemespilus (association Sorbetum chamaemespilis Fukarek 1957). It was documented with three relevés (Fukarek 1957: 167). This community grows on dolomite bedrock as high as at the altitude between 1630 and 1660 m, in the belt of subalpine beech forests (»Fagetum subalpinum dolomiticum«). A short description of the sites with Eryngium alpinum in the Dinaric mountains can be found also with Forenbacher (1990: 511–513): it grows very infrequently on stony subalpine meadows, on dwarf pine edges, among stones and on sinkhole edges, only on high and the highest aspects on the Velebit, whereas in Herzegovina it is found on stony localities in the subalpine and alpine belt in the Blidinje Nature Park (Šilić 2002: 117). Apart from the phytosociological studies we would like to call attention also to the recently published, detailed study on the reproductive ecology of the species Eryngium alpinum (Gaudeul & Till- Bottraud 2004), which was conducted in the Fournel Valley in France (with supposedly the richest localities of this species in Europe). 3. METHoDS Applying the standard Central-European phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) we studied the stands with Eryngium alpinum found in the wider region of Mt. Črna prst (1844 m): under and on the ridge of lisec (1653 m), in Home under Črna gora ridge, in Blehe under the peak of Šoštar, on Štuke above Stržišče, in Krevle under the peak of Kobla (1498 m) and under the Slatnik ridge (1600 m), as well as on the southern and southwestern slopes of Mt. Porezen (1630 m) above the Zapoška gorge. Most of the relevés were made in the last few years (2001–2004, author I. Dakskobler), with the exception of four relevés from Mt. Porezen, which are older (from 1974, author G. Seljak). When arranging the relevés into a phytosociological table we applied the methods of hierarchical classification and the ordination method of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). We used the program package SYN-TAX (Podani 2001). The results of numerical methods were combined with the classic arrangement based on diagnostic species. A synoptic table was made into which we classified, apart from ours, also similar communities of tall herbs and subalpine grasslands from various regions in the Alps, the Jura and the Dinaric mountains (see Chapter 2). These communities were then mutually compared by means of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and with hierarchical classification. The nomenclature sources for the names of vascular plants were the Mala flora Slovenije (Martinčič & al. 1999) and Flora alpina (Aeschimann & al. 2004a, b, c), and Martinčič (2003) for the names of mosses. The Flora alpina was considered also when classifying the species into syntaxonomical groups. We found considerable differences in the nomenclature of syntaxa of the ranks higher than association in certain monographic reviews (e.g. between the Flora alpina and the Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs – Grabherr & Mucina 1993). As we cannot corroborate the accuracy of certain authorial citations without the original sources (which are not at our disposal), our nomenclature follows the above quoted literature. 4. EColoGICAl CHArACTErIZATIoN oF THE rESEArCH ArEA The research area is part of the southern Julian Alps and their foothills. Here, the species Eryngium alpinum grows in the subalpine belt, at an altitude from around 1350 to 1650 m. Geological bedrock is partly Triassic Dachstein limestone (the lisec ridge, Mt. Črna prst, Blehe near Šoštar), Jurassic limestone with addition of chert and marl (Krevle under Mt. Kobla, Slatnik), claystone, siltstone and chert (Triassic) – Štuke above Stržišče and Cretaceous platy limestone with addition of marl and chert (Porezen) – resumed after Buser (1986, 1987). The localities of Eryngium alpinum under lisec are partly still in the belt of the subalpine beech forest, Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum (I. Horvat 1938) Marinček in Poldini & Nardini 1993 (above the osredki alp). Subalpine scrub vegetation prevails under the very stony top of the lisec– Kozji rob ridge: partly dwarf pine stands – Rhododendro hirsuti-Pinetum prostratae Zöttl 1951 nom. inv. var. geogr. Anemone trifolia Poldini, oriolo & Francescato 2004 [synonims Rhodothamno-Rhododendretum hirsuti (Aichinger 1933) Br.-Bl. & Sissingh in Br.-Bl. & al. 1939 var. geogr. Paederota lutea Zupančič & Žagar in Zupančič, Wraber & Žagar 2004, Rhodothamno-Pinetum mugo Zupančič & Žagar 1980 mscr.], partly Waldstein willow stands – Salicetum waldsteinianae var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris, pioneer stands 86 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Figure 1: Localities of the research communities with Eryngium alpinum in the southern Julian Alps Slika 1: Lokacije preučevanih združb z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v južnih Julijskih Alpah of large-leaved and Alpine willow (Salix appendiculata, S. glabra), green alder (Alnus viridis) and tall herb communities. In part still active pastures on the lisec and osredki alps are mostly located a little lower on both sides of the above-mentioned ridge. Naturally subalpine vegetation of tall herbs developed also on the gravelly slopes of Home under the ridge of Črna gora. on the very stony sites under lisec, as well as under Črna gora, there is initial soil, lithosols and in places rendzina. All other localities of Eryngium alpinum under Mts. Črna prst and Porezen are on former hay- fields, i.e. still in the belt of the subalpine beech forest. The slopes on these hay-fields are usually very steep (locally, prominences such as Štuke, are less steep); as a rule the aspect is sunny, and the soil usually deeper, colluvial-delluvial in gullies, elsewhere rendzina, and on prominences eutric and dystric brown soil. For the most part, people stopped mowing these hay-fields in 1950s and 1960s. Since then they have gradually become overgrown, above all with spruce (see Dakskobler 2003a). This overgrowth, however, is slower in gul lies with recurrent avalanches than on prominences and ridges. The climate of the subalpine belt of this part of the Julian Alps is humid, with abundant precipitation (on average 2500 to 3000 mm annually – resumed after Zupančič 1995). Precipitation is rather evenly distributed over the year with peaks in late spring and early summer (May, June) and in late autumn months (october, November). The snow cover is thicker and longer-lasting (from November to May) mostly on shady aspects (lisec, Črna gora), whereas sunny aspects often remain snowless even in winter. only in gullies does the snow remain longer (which is precisely where Eryngium alpinum usually grows). There is less information on temperature conditions as there are no such stations for now. The mean annual temperature on Komna (1520 m a.s.l.) in the period 1961–1990 was 3.7 °C (interpolated value), the coldest month was January (–4 °C ), the warmest was July (12.4 °C ) – Mekinda-Majaron (1995: 41, 56, 79). These temperature data would probably correspond to the localities of Eryngium alpinum under lisec and Črna gora, 87 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 and less so to other localities on sunny aspects of Mts. Črna prst, Kobla, Slatnik and Porezen, where the mean temperature is supposedly slightly higher than at the same altitude on shady slopes of the Tolmin-Bohinj ridge, where Komna is situated too. 5. rESUlTS AND DISCUSSIoN 29 relevés of communities with Eryngium alpinum from the southern Julian Alps were incorporated into Table 1. When arranging the table we established four groups. only one relevé, under the top of lisec, was classified into the association Salicetum waldstenianae s. lat. Three relevés, also from the vicinity of lisec, in our opinion indicate the transition, a successional stage of the subalpine grassland, towards the subalpine willow stand. relevés made on Štuke under Mt. Črna prst group separately (on deep and slightly acid soil). The largest group of relevés (relevés 5 to 24 in Table 1, in a wider sense also transitional relevés 2–4 in this table) would conditionally belong to the community of Eryngium alpinum-Carex ferruginae – Seljak (1974: 61–64), while the group of relevés from Štuke (No. 25 to 29) is incorporated into the provisionally described association Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae. These two syntaxa were therefore included into the comparative, i.e. synoptic table (simplified in Table 2) as two separate columns and then compared with some similar communities of subalpine- alpine grasslands dominated by rusty-brown sedge (Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat.) and with some tall herb communities with Eryngium alpinum. The following syntaxa were included into the synoptic table: 1 Cjls: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris Dak skobler 2003 nom. prov., the southern Julian Alps, Dakskobler (2003a, supplemented); 2 CfEa: Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 ass. nova – the southern Julian Alps: Mts. Črna prst and Po rezen, this study, Tab 1, relevés 5–24; 3 AvEa1: Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. var. Seratula macrocephala prov., the southern Julian Alps – Štuke under Mt. Črna prst, this study, relevés 25–29; 4 Cll: Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae Béguin 1972, the High Jura, Béguin (1972); 5 AvEa2: Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr., Austria, the Carnic Alps (Karnische Alpen), Franz (2004 mscr.); 6 EaCr: Eryngio-Centaureetum rhaponticae Sutter 1978, the Swiss Central Alps, Sutter (1978); 7 PbEa: Polygono bistortae-Eryngietum alpini Gehu- Franck, Gehu & Dhennin 1984, Vanoise, the French Alps, Gehu-Franck & al. (1984); 8 MyAa: Myrrhido-Adenostyletum J. Br.- Bl. 1969, the southwestern (French) Alps, Braun-Blanquet (1969); 9 Cf-H: Transition between the association Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat. and tall herbs community – Mt. Golica, the Karavanke, Aichinger (1933); 10 AaDa: Adenostylo-Doronicetum Horvat ex Horvat, Glavač & Ellenberg 1974, the Dinaric mountains, Horvat in Horvat & al. (1974); 11 Cf-1: Caricetum ferrugineae carniolicum Aichinger 1933 – Mt. Golica, the Karavanke, Aichinger (1933); 12 Cf-2: Caricetum ferrugineae lüdi 1921 s. lat., the Julian Alps, the Krn mountain range, Surina (2004); 13 Cf-3: Caricetum ferruginea lüdi 1921 s. lat., the southern Julian Alps, the Tolmin-Bohinj ridge, Dakskobler (2004, mscr.); 14 CCp: Calamagrostio-Centaureetum pseudophrygiae Horvat ex Horvat, Glavač & Ellenberg 1974, Croatia, the northern part of the Dinaric mountains, Horvat in Horvat & al. (1974); 15 HrCf: Hyperico grisebachii-Caricetum ferugineae Horvat ex T. Wraber 1971, Croatia, the northern part of the Dinaric mountains, Horvat in Horvat & al. (1974). Horvat’s association Festucetum pungentis (Horvat 1930, Table 5) was not included into the synoptic table as it is ecologically, and above all floristically, considerably different from the studied communities in the southern Julian Alps. However, there are some interesting species which they have in common: apart from Eryngium alpinum, also Centaurea haynaldii, Scorzonera rosea, Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala, Crepis bocconi, Scabiosa lucida subsp. stricta, Betonica alopecuros, Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra, Koeleria eriostachya, Libanotis montana (= Seseli libanotis), Laserpitium siler, Lilium carniolicum, Veratrum album s. lat. and some others. With the ordination method of principle coordinates we obtained the following two-dimensional scatter-diagram (Figure 2). The studied stands with Eryngium alpinum are floristically most similar to a tall herb community on former hay-fields in the southern Julian Alps, i. e. to the stands of the association Centaureo julici- Laserpitietum sileris. Floristically the most similar to 88 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Figure 2: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of the communities with Eryngium alpinum in the Alps and the Dinaric mountains (PCoA, similarity ratio) Slika 2: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram združb z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v Alpah in Dinarskem gorstvu (PCoA, similarity ratio) our stands among the Carex ferruginea communities (Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat.) are the stands of the community described in the Karavanke by Aichinger (11) – Grabherr & al. (1993: 430) classify it into the association Hyperico alpini-Cericetum ferrugineae Horvat ex T. Wraber 1971 (= Hyperico grisebachii-Cericetum ferrugineae Horvat ex T. Wraber 1971), whereas the stands of the association Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat. in the Tolmin-Bohinj (Dakskobler 2004 mscr.) and Krn (Surina 2004) region of the Julian Alps resemble them to a considerably smaller extent. It should be noted, however, that the problems regarding the synsystematic affiliation of grasslands dominated by Carex ferriginea in the Southeastern Alps are still open, and that for the time being its stands in the Julian Alps cannot be classified into the association Horminio pyrenaici- Caricetumferrugineae Buffa & Sburlino 2001 nor into the Dinaric association Hyperico grisebachii-Caricetum ferrugineae (compare also Buffa & Sburlino 2001, Surina 2004: 99–101). Among other communities dominated by tall herbs the stands of the association Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae from the High Jura in France (4) floristically resemble our stands the most. The stands of this community grow in very similar site conditions at an altitude of about 1300 to 1600 m, on very steep (25 to 40 °) sunny (southern, southwestern and southeastern) slopes on limestone bedrock with shallow rendzi na. Characteristic for the community is a wide variety of species (about 70 species per 100 m2), but, unlike the ecologically similar community Seslerio- Laserpitetum Moor 1957, its author classifies it into the alliance Caricion ferrugineae. Within this community, Eryngium alpinum occurs only in the mesophilous variant (the autor calls it “facies humide”). our stands are slightly less similar to the stands of – for the time being only provisionally described – association Allio victorialis-Eryngietum from the Carnic Alps. other tall herb communities are floristically very different from ours. The ordination diagram clearly illustrates the transitional position of the studied communities (between subalpine-alpine grasslands of the class Elyno-Seslerietea and the alliance Caricion ferrugineae) and tall herb communities from the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea. When applying the methods of hierarchical classification (Figure 3) the studied communities always united into clusters with subalpine-alpine grasslands (and are therefore closer to the alliance Caricion ferrugineae or the class Elyno-Seslerietea). results of ordination and classification of the syntaxa from Table 2 (Figures 2 and 3) suggest the possibility that the studied stands (Carici ferrugineae- Eryngietumn alpinae) could be included into the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris as a specific subassociation -eryngietosum alpinae (with the differential species Eryngium alpinum and Carex ferruginea), and that the variant with the species Allium victorialis (the stands on Štuke under Mt. Črna prst, five relevés temporarily classified as ass. Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae) is differentiated separately within the syntaxon. Such a syntaxonomical solution is additionally supported by the fact that both communities compared are a relatively long- lasting successional stage with dominating tall herbs on former hay-fields in the subalpine (still forest) belt of the southern Julian Alps. Even the ecology is relatively similar (the same altitudinal belt, similar geological bedrock, gradient, exposition), although the stands with Eryngium alpinum usually grow in gullies, on somewhat damper soil where the snow stays longer and organic matter accumulates. To re-examine this possibility, we included into the working table the relevés of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris (apart from the already published, Dakskobler 2003a – also several additional ones made under Mt. Kobla and Črna gora near Mt. Črna prst in 2004) and the relevés of the communities with Eryngium alpinum. Altogether 57 relevés were mutually compared by means of hierarchical classification (MISSQ – min 89 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Communities with Eryngium alpinum Figure 3: Dendrogram of the communities with Eryngium alpinum in the Alps and in the Dinaric mountains (MISSQ, similarity ratio) Slika 3: Dendrogram združb z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v Alpah in Dinarskem gorstvu (MISSQ, similarity ratio) Figure 4: Dendrogram of the subalpine grassland stands in the southern Julian Alps: AvEa – Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae, CfEa – Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, CjLs – Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris; MISSQ, similarity ratio Slika 4: Dendrogram sestojev subalpinskih travišč v južnih Julijskih Alpah: AvEa – Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae,CfEa – Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, CjLs – Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris; MISSQ, similarity ratio 90 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … imum increase of error sum of squares) and ordination method of principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) – Figures 4 and 5. According to the results, the relevés with Eryngium alpinum mostly group separately from the relevés classified into the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris. only a group of four relevés could be characterised as a sort of transition between both communities. It comprises two relevés classified into the studied community of the species Eryngium alpinum and Carex ferruginea (relevés No. 8 and 9 in Table 1). In 2003 we provisionally included the first into the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris, although we pointed out that there was a certain similarity with the Carex ferruginea communities (Dakskobler, 2003a: 26, and Phytosociological Table 1, relevé 1). Based on these additional comparisons we consider it appropriate to treat the stands with Eryngium alpinum in the southern Julian Alps separately from the floristically very similar stands of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris. A large part of its diagnostic species grow also in the stands of the community Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, but the edifier Laserpitium siler is not found in all of them (frequency 55 %). other diagnostic species of the successional stage Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris have the following frequencies in the stands of the community Carici ferruginea-Eryngietum alpinae: Laserpitium latifolium 80 %, Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica 85 %, Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala 85 %, Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus 45 %, Lilium carniolicum 65 %, Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus 20 %, Carduus crassifolius 20 % and Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra 20 %. This means that above all the last three species have the highest differential value. Apart from them, the stands of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris are differentiated towards the studied community of the species Eryngium alpinum and Carex ferruginea also by the species Laserpitium peucedanoides, Carex sempervirens, Dianthus monspessulanus, Erica carnea, Genista radiata, Carex humilis, which also have a considerably higher constancy and which mostly indicate drier sites. The association Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, however, is Figure 5: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of the subalpine grassland stands in the southern Julian Alps: AvEa – Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae, CfEa – Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, CjLs – Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris; PCoA, similarity ratio Slika 5: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram subalpinskih travišč v južnih Julijskih Alpah: AvEa – Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae, CfEa – Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, CjLs – Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris; PCoA, similarity ratio 91 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 differentiated towards the stands of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris by the following species with much higher constancy: Eryngium alpinum, Carex ferruginea, Crepis pyrenaica, Dactylis glomerata, Galium mollugo, Heracleum montanum, Hypericum maculatum, Phleum hirsutum, Agrostis tenuis, Pleurospermum austriacum and Rumex alpestris, i.e. above all by the species that indicate more nutritious, moist soil and successional development towards tall herb communities. The provisionally described association Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris is classified into the alliance Caricion austroalpinae Sutter 1962 and class Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948, and the association Carici ferrugineae- Eryngietum alpinae into the alliance Caricion ferrugineae and class Elyno-Seslerietea. Apart from the comparison of the communities Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris and Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae, there is another interesting parallel with somewhat similar communities described and compared by Béguin (1972) in the High Jura; namely the associations Seslerio-Laserpitietum Moor 1957 (alliance Seslerion variae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. & Jenny 1926) – which is a sort of parallel (geographical variant?) to our association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris, and Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae (alliance Caricion ferrugineae) – which is a parallel to the association Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae. regarding the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris we would like to bring attention to a report by Prof. Poldini (a written note of 29th Sept. 2003), where he mentioned that similar stands had been catalogued also in Friuli. He suggested that various regional forms (such as ours with Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica) could be united in a new association for which he proposed the name Laserpitio peucedanoidis-Laserpitietum sileris. For this reason the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris has not been typified as yet. The nomenclature type (holotypus) of the association Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 is relevé No. 22 in Table 1 (i.e. relevé No. 1 in the unpublished graduation thesis, Seljak 1974: 62–64). The new association is characterised and differentiated from similar communities elsewhere in the Alps and the Dinaric mountains by the species combination of Eryngium alpinum, Carex ferruginea (relative character species), Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala ( = S. tinctoria subsp. monticola), Pleurospermum austriacum, Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. clusii, Arabis pauciflora ( = Fourraea alpina), Lilium carniolicum (differential species), Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica, Ligusticum seguieri, Festuca calva, Omphalodes verna (geographical differential species). Under Mt. Porezen we catalogued the facies with Genista radiata (this species is otherwise more characteristic for the stands of the association Centaureo julici- Laserpitietum sileris). For the time being, five relevés in Table 1 (relevés 25 to 29) are not classified into this association, but are treated separately as the community of the species Eryngium alpinum and Allium victorialis. our comparison (Table 2, Figures 2 and 3) determined considerable differences in the floristic composition between the stands of these two species under Mt. Črna prst and similar stands in the Carnic Alps (Franz 2004 mscr.). regarding their entire floristic composition these stands are therefore still most similar to the stands of the associations Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae and Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris; however, when mutually compared they nevertheless still group separately (see Fig. 4 and 5). They differ from the already mentioned communities mainly by the larger abundance of the species of the order Adenostyletalia and class Mulgedio-Aconitetea, which means they indicate the transition between the communities of this class and the communities of the class Elyno-Seslerietea. The studied stands are relatively differentiated from the stands of the associations Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae and Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris by the species Allium victorialis, Phyteuma zahlbruckneri, Astrantia major, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Achillea distans, Ranunculus platanifolius, Crepis bocconi, Carduus carduelis, Solidago virgaurea, Luzula luzuloides and Lilium martagon. Although the studied community is floristically considerably different from the similar community with the species Eryngium alpinum and Allium victorialis from the Carnic Alps, we temporarily, as a specific variant with differential species Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala and Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. clusii, classify it into the – for now only provisionally described – association Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. Further comparisons of the communities with Eryngium alpinum in the Southeastern Alps (Franz, in preparation) would be required for a more reliable synsystematic classification. For the time being, the association Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae is classified into the alliance Adenostylion alliariae Br.-Bl. 1962 and into the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač & Klika in Klika 1948 (or Hadač & Klika in Klika & Hadač 1944). 92 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 6. CoNClUSIoNS The Alpine-Illyrian montane species Eryngium alpinum is included in The Council Directive 92/43/ EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora – 1992, so its localities and sites call for extra attention and protection. Its stands in the Jura, the western and the southeastern Alps and the Dinaric mountains are very similar regarding their sites and ecology and are most often classified into tall herb communities (class Mulgedio-Aconitetea) and into Carex ferruginea communities (alliance Caricion ferrugineae, class Elyno- Seslerietea). In the last few years, when examining their localities for the Natura 2000 project, we focused our attention to a larger extent also on Eryngium alpinum in Slovenia (Praprotnik 2002, Dakskobler 2004). Its stands in the southern Julian Alps (under Mts. Črna prst, lisec, Črna gora, Kobla, Slatnik and Porezen) – Fig. 1 were studied by applying the standard phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet 1964), and 29 relevés were included into Table 1. The studied stands were compared with similar stands elsewhere in the Alps, the Jura and the Dinaric mountains. For this purpose we made a synoptic table (Table 2) and compared its syntaxa by means of hierarchical classification and the ordination method of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) – Fig. 2 and 3. on the basis of these comparisons we established considerable floristic similarity of the studied stands to the stands of the recently described successional stage on abandoned subalpine hay-fields in the southern Julian Alps (association Centaureo julici- Laserpitietum sileris Dakskobler 2003 nom. prov., alliance Caricion austroalpinae), a relative floristic similarity with the stands of the association Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae Béguin 1972 (alliance Caricion ferrugineae) from the High Jura in France (Béguin 1972), as well as with three relevés of the association Caricetum ferrugineae carniolicum Aichinger 1933 from Mt. Golica in the Karavanke mountains (Aichinger 1933). The tall herb communities with Eryngium alpinum from the western Alps (Myrrhido-Adenostyletum Braun-Blanquet 1969, Eryngio-Centaureetum rhaponticae Sutter 1978, Polygono bistortae-Eryngietum alpini Gehu-Franck & al. 1984) and the Dinaric mountains (Adenostylo alliariae-Doronicetum austriaci Horvat ex Horvat & al. 1974) are floristically much different, as are the communities dominated by Carex ferruginea from the Julian Alps (Caricetum ferrugineae lüdi 1921 s. lat. – the Krn mountain chain, Surina 2004, the Tolmin-Bohinj ridge, Dakskobler 2004 mscr.) and from the Dinaric mountains (Calamagrostio-Centaureetum pseudophrygiae Horvat ex Horvat & al. 1974, Hyperico grisebachii-Caricetum ferrugineae Horvat ex T. Wraber 1971). After comparing all the phytosociological relevés (57) of grassland communities collected so far on the former hay-fields in the southern Julian Alps (Mts. Črna prst, Kobla, Slatnik, Porezen) by means of methods of hierarchical classification and the ordination method of principal coordinates analysis (Fig. 4 and 5) we found that despite the similar ecology (the same altitudinal belt, similar geological bedrock, gradient, exposition) the stands with the species Eryngium alpinum and Carex ferruginea (which grow above all in gullies, on damp soil where organic matter accumulates) mainly group separately from the stands of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris. The stands with Eryngium alpinum and Allium victorialis (catalogued on deep and slightly acid soil on Štuke under Mt. Črna prst) group separately as well. Based on this analysis, the stands with Eryngium alpinum in the southern Julian Alps are classified into the following syntaxa: Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger 1922 corr. Zupančič & Žagar 2001 var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris Zupančič & Žagar 2001 (only one relevé under lisec near Mt. Črna prst was classified into this association, but several other relevés under this mountain show a syndynamic resemblance to this community). Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 ass. nova. Holotypus is relevé No. 22 in Table 1, i.e. relevé No. 1 in the unpublished graduation thesis, Seljak (1974: 62–64). The new association is classified into the alliance Caricion ferrugineae and into class Elyno-Seslerietea. Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. var. Serratula macrocephala prov. This syntaxon is temporarily classified into the alliance Adenostylion alliariae and into class Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Further comparisons with similar communities with Eryngium alpinum in the Southeastern Alps (Franz, in preparation) will be required for a more reliable synsystematic classification of Eryngium alpinum and Allium victorialis stands on Štuke under Mt. Črna prst. For a more detailed discussion on the problems regarding the protection of the communities with Eryngium alpinum and their sites in the Slovenian Alps see Praprotnik (2002) and Dakskobler (2004). 93 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 7. PoVZETEK združbe z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v južnih Julijskih Alpah (Črna prst, porezen) Alpsko-ilirska montanska vrsta Eryngium alpinum je uvrščena v Direktivo Evropske skupnosti za ohranitev naravnih habitatov ter prosto živeče favne in flore (The Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora – 1992), zato njena nahajališča in rastišča potrebujejo posebno pozornost in varovanje. Njeni sestoji v Juri, zahodnih in jugovzhodnih Alpah ter Dinarskem gorstvu so po rastiščih in ekologiji precej podobni in jih največkrat uvrščamo v združbe visokih steblik (razred Mulgedio-Aconitetea) in v združbe rjastega šaša (zveza Caricion ferrugineae, razred Elyno-Seslerietea). ob pregledovanju njenih nahajališč za potrebe projekta Natura 2000 smo v zadnjih letih vrsti Eryngium alpinum posvetili več pozornosti tudi v Sloveniji (Praprotnik 2002, Dakskobler 2004). S standardno fitocenološko metodo (Braun-Blanquet 1964) smo preučili njene sestoje v južnih Julijskih Alpah (pod Črno prstjo, liscem, Črno goro, Koblo, Slatnikom in Poreznom) – sl. 1 in 29 popisov uvrstili v tabelo 1. Preučene sestoje smo primerjali s podobnimi sestoji drugod v Alpah in v Dinarskem gorstvu. V ta namen smo izdelali sintezno tabelo (tabela 2) in vanjo uvrščene sintaksone med seboj primerjali s hierarhično klasifikacijo in ordinacijsko metodo glavnih koordinat (PCoA) – sl. 2 in 3. Na osnovi teh primerjav smo ugotovili precejšnjo floristično podobnost preučenih sestojev s sestoji nedavno opisanega sukcesijskega stadija na opuščenih subalpinskih senožetih južnih Julijskih Alp (asociacija Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris Dakskobler 2003 nom. prov, zveza Caricion austroalpinae), prav tako sorazmerno floristično podobnost s sestoji asociacije Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae Béguin 1972 (zveza Caricion ferrugineae) iz Visoke Jure v Franciji (Béguin 1972) ter s tremi popisi asociacije Caricetum ferrugineae carniolicum Aichinger 1933 z Golice v Karavankah (Aichinger 1933). Združbe visokih steblik z vrsto Eryngium alpinum iz zahodnih Alp (Myrrhido-Adenostyletum Braun-Blanquet 1969, Eryngio-Centaureetum rhaponticae Sutter 1978, Polygono bistortae-Eryngietum alpini Gehu-Franck & al. 1984) in Dinarskega gorstva (Adenostylo alliariae-Doronicetum austriaci Horvat ex Horvat & al. 1974) so floristično precej drugačne, prav tako združbe z domi nantno vrsto Carex ferruginea iz Julijskih Alp (Caricetum ferrugineae lüdi 1921 s. lat. – Krnsko pogorje, Surina 2004, Tolminsko-Bohinjski greben, Dakskobler 2004 mscr.) in iz Dinarskega gorstva (Calamagrostio-Centaureetum pseudophrygiae Horvat ex Horvat & al. 1974, Hyperico grisebachii-Caricetum ferrugineae Horvat ex T. Wraber 1971). Po primerjavi vseh doslej zbranih fitocenoloških popisov (57) traviščnih združb na nekdanjih senožetih v južnih Julijskih Alpah (Črna prst, Kobla, Slatnik, Porezen) z metodami hierarhične klasifikacije in ordinacijsko metodo glavnih koordinat (sl. 4 in 5) smo ugotovili, da se kljub podobni ekologiji (isti višinski pas, podobna geološka podlaga, strmina, ekspozicija) sestoji z vrstama Eryngium alpinum in Carex ferruginea (uspevajo predvsem v žlebovih, na vlažnih tleh, kjer se kopiči organska masa) v glavnem grupirajo ločeno od sestojev asociacije Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris, prav tako se grupirajo ločeno sestoji z vrstama Eryngium alpinum in Allium victorialis (ki smo jih popisali na globokih in nekoliko zakisanih tleh na Štukah pod Črno prstjo). Na podlagi te analize sestoje z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v južnih Julijskih Alpah uvrščamo v naslednje sintaksone: Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger 1922 corr. Zupančič & Žagar 2001 var. geogr. Homogyne sylvestris Zupančič & Žagar 2001 (v to asociacijo smo uvrstili le en popis pod liscem pri Črni prsti, sindinamsko pa je tej združbi podobnih še nekaj popisov pod to goro). Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 ass. nova. Holotypus je fitocenološki popis št. 22 v tabeli 1, to je fitocenološki popis št. 1, v neobjavljenem diplomskem delu, Seljak (1974: 62–64). Novo asociacijo uvrščamo v zvezo Caricion ferrugineae G. & J. Br.-Bl. 1931 in v razred Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948. Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. var. Serratula macrocephala prov. Ta sintakson začasno uvrščamo v zvezo Adenostylion alliariae Br.-Bl. 1962 in v razred Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač & Klika in Klika 1948 (oz. Hadač & Klika in Klika & Hadač 1944). Za zanesljivejšo sinsistematsko uvrstitev sestojev vrst Eryngium alpinum in Allium victoria- lis na Štukah pod Črno prstjo bodo potrebne nadaljnje primerjave s podobnimi združbami z vrsto Eryngium alpinum v Jugovzhodnih Alpah (Franz, v pripravi). Podrobneje o problematiki varovanja združb z vrsto Eryngium alpinum in njihovih rastišč v slovenskih Alpah glej Praprotnik (2002) in Dakskobler (2004). 94 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 8. ACKNoWlEDGEMENTS The first author was given valuable information on articles discussing Eryngium alpinum and (or) its communities by Prof. Dr. Jean-Paul Theurillat (Chambésy, Switzerland) and Dr. Arno Wörz (Stuttgart). Dr. Nada Praprotnik (ljubljana), Dr. Peter Skoberne (ljubljana), Dr. Boštjan Surina (Ilirska Bistrica), Ivan Veber B.Sc. (Bohinjska Bistrica) and Prof. Dr. Tone Wraber (Polhov Gradec) gave helpful advice on the localities and sites of this species in Slovenia and Croatia, whereas †Milan Valentinčič (Hoba at Podbrdo), Zdravko Zgaga (Podbrdo) and Cveto Kemperle (Bača near Podbrdo) informed him of the localities of the species in Krevle under Mt. Kobla. Drago Samec (The SAZU library, ljubljana) and the author’s co-workers olga Dežman-Jokić and Dr. Valerija Babij helped to find the literature. The synoptic map of the researched region (Figure 1) was made by Dr. Branko Vreš, while Mag. Boško Čušin helped with the selection and arrangement of photos. The English translation was made by Andreja Šalamon Verbič. Sincere thanks on behalf of all the three authors to all, especially to Dr. Boštjan Surina and Prof. Dr. livio Poldini (Trieste) for the critical review of the article. 9. rEFErENCES Aeschimann, D., lauber, K., Moser, D. M., Theurillat, J.-P. 2004a: Flora alpina. Bd. 1: Lycopodiaceae- Apiaceae. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1159 pp. Aeschimann, D., lauber, K., Moser, D. M., Theurillat, J.-P. 2004b: Flora alpina. Bd. 2: Gentianaceae-Orchidaceae. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1188 pp. Aeschimann, D., lauber, K., Moser, D. M., Theurillat, J.-P. 2004c: Flora alpina. Bd. 3: register. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 322 pp. Aichinger, E. 1933: Vegetationskunde der Karawanken. Gustav Fischer, Jena 329 pp. Béguin, C. 1972: Contribution a l’étude phytososciologique et écologique du Haut Jura. Beiträge zur Geobotanischen landesaufnahme der Schweiz 54, Bern, 190 pp. + 1 map. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3. Auflage. Springer, Wien – New York, 865 pp. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1969: Une association endemi que des Alpes sud-occidentales le Myrhido-Adenostyletum. Acta Botanica Croatica (Zagreb) 28: 49–54. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1976: Fragmenta Phytosociologica raetica III, IV und VII. Fragmenta III: Das Peucedano ostrithii-Cirsietum spinosissimi G. et J. Br.-Bl. 1931. Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH, Stift. rübel (Zürich) 58: 5–12. Buffa, G. & Sburlino, G. 2001: Carex ferruginea grasslands in the south-eastern Alps. Plant Biosystems 35 (2): 195–206. Buser, S. 1986: Tolmač listov Tolmin in Videm (Udine). osnovna geološka karta SFrJ 1 : 100 000. Zvezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 103 pp. Buser, S. 1987: osnovna geološka karta SFrJ. Tolmin in Videm 1: 100 000. Zvezni geološki zavod, Beograd. Dakskobler, I. 2003a: Pionirsko smrekovje nad sedanjo (antropogeno) zgornjo gozdno mejo v južnih Julijskih Alpah (primer iz zgornje Baške doline). Hacquetia (ljubljana) 2 (1): 19–52. Dakskobler, I. 2003b: Floristične novosti iz Posočja in sosednjih območij v zahodni Sloveniji – III. Hladnikia (ljubljana) 15–16: 43–71. Dakskobler, I. 2004: Eryngium alpinum l. – alpska možina. In: Čušin (ed.) & al.: Natura 2000 v Sloveniji – rastline, Založba ZrC, ljubljana, pp. 83–88. Franz, W. r. 1997: Die Alpen-Mannstreu-(Eryngium alpinum-) Wiesen auf der Schneider-Alm in den Karnischen Alpen (Südkärnten). Kärntner Naturschutzberichte, Band 2, pp. 87–88. Franz, W. r. 2002: Floristische Besonderheiten und kleinflächige Feuchtbiotope der Mussen. In: Wieser, Ch. & Komposch, Ch. (eds): Paradieslilie und Höllenotter – Bergwiesenlandschaft Mussen. Amt der Kärntner landesregierung, Abt. 20 – landensplanung / UAbt. Naturschutz im Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt, pp. 150–160. Franz, W. r. 2004: Gesellschaften mit Eryngium alpinum in den Karnischen Alpen (Österreich, Ita- lien). Manuscript, Klagenfurt. Forenbacher, S. 1990: Velebit i njegov biljni svijet. Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 800 pp. Fukarek, P. 1957: Šibljaci mukinjice (Sorbus chamaemespilus Crantz) na planini Plazenici u Bosni. God. Biol. inst. (Sarajevo) 10: 163–171. Gaudeul, M. & Till-Bottraud, I. 2004: reproductive ecology of the endangered Alpine species Eryngium alpinum l. (Apiaceae): phenology, gene dispersal and reproductive success. Annals of Botany 93: 711–721. 95 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Gehu-Franck, J., Gehu J.-M. & Dhennin, r. 1984: Apercu synécologique sur la station á Eryngium alpinum l. du Doron de Pralognan (73). Documents phytosociologiques N. S. (Camerino) 8: 247–255. Grabherr, G. & Mucina l. (eds.), 1993: Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II. Natürliche Waldfreie Vegetation. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena – Stuttgart – New York, 523 pp. Grabherr, G., Greimler, J. & Mucina, l. 1993: Seslerietea albicantis. In: Grabherr, G. & Mucina l. (eds.): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II: Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena - Stuttgart - New York, pp. 402–446. Hlavaček, A., Jasičová, M., & Zahradníková, K. 1984: Eryngium l. Kotúč. In: Bertová, l. (ed.): Flóra Slovenska IV/1. VEDA SAV, Bratislava, pp. 190–193. Horvat, I. 1930: Vegetacijske studije u hrvatskim planinama. I. Zadruge na planinskim goletima. rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti (Zagreb), 238: 1–96. Horvat, I. 1962: Vegetacija planina Zapadne Hrvatske sa 4 karte biljnih zajednica sekcije Sušak. Acta biologica 2, Prirodoslovna istraživanja 30, JAZU Zagreb, 179 pp. Horvat, I., Glavač, V. & Ellenberg H. 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 768 pp. Karner, P. & Mucina l. 1993: Mulgedio-Aconitetea. In: Grabher, G. & Mucina, l. (eds.): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs, Teil II: Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena - Stuttgart - New York, pp. 468–505. Käsermann, C. & Moser, D. 1999: Merkblätter Artenschutz. Blütenpflanzen und Farne. Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und landschaft, Bern, 344 pp. Marhold, K, (ed.) 1998: Papradorasty a semenné rastliny (Ferns and flowering plants). In: Marhold K. & Hindák F. (eds.): Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlin Slovenska (Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia). VEDA SAV, Bratislava, pp. 333–687. Martinčič, A. 2003: Seznam listnatih mahov (Bryopsida) Slovenije. Hacquetia (ljubljana) 2 (1): 91–166. Martinčič, A., Wraber, T., Jogan, N., ravnik, V., Podobnik, A., Turk, B. & Vreš, B. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije. Ključ za določanje praprotnic in semenk. Tehniška založba Slovenije, ljubljana, 845 pp. Mekinda - Majaron, T. 1995: Klimatografija Slovenije. Temperatura zraka 1961–1990. Hidrometeorološki zavod republike Slovenije, ljubljana, 356 pp. oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. 5. Aufl. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1015 pp. Podani, J. 2001: SYN-TAX 2000. Computer Programs for Data Analysis in Ecology and Systematics. User’s Manual, Budapest, 53 pp. Praprotnik, N. 2002: Po sledeh zaspanke na Golici. Proteus (ljubljana) 64 (9–10): 406–410. Praprotnik, N. 2004: Botanične zanimivosti z Golice. Jeseniški zbornik (Jesenice) 9: 197–204. Seljak,G.1974:TravniškavegetacijaPorezna.Diplomsko delo. Univerza v ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, oddelek za agronomijo, ljubljana, 103 pp. Surina, B. 2004: Subalpinska in alpinska vegetacija Krnskega pogorja v Julijskih Alpah. Doktorska disertacija. oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta Univerze v ljubljani, ljubljana, 167 pp. + phytosociological tables. Sutter, r. 1978: Sind die Centaurea rhapontica- und die Delphinium elatum-Hochstaudenfluren Assoziationen? Poroč. Vzhodnoalp.-dinar. dr. preuč. veget. (ljubljana) 14: 375-385 + table. Šilić, Č. 2002: Endemične i rijetke biljke Parka prirode Blidinje. Matica Hrvatska. ogranjak Čitluk. (Priroda BiH 1), Ćitluk, 279 pp. van Gils, H. A. M. J. & Gilissen, l. P. M. 1976: Wärmliebende Saumgesellschaften im ober-Inntal, Tirol. linzer biol. Beitr. (linz) 8 (1): 41-62. Wraber, T. 1990: Sto znamenitih rastlin na Slovenskem. Prešernova družba, ljubljana, 239 pp. Zupančič, b. 1995: Klimatografija Slovenije. Padavine 1961–1990. Hidrometeorološki zavod republike Slovenije, ljubljana, 366 pp. recieved 23. 2. 2005 revision recieved 8. 4. 2005 Accepted 7. 10. 2005 96 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Figure 6: Southern and southwestern slopes of Mt. Porezen (1630 m) above the Zapoška gorge. With red line is marked the area where are stands of the association Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae. Photo G. Seljak. Slika 6: Južna in jugozahodna pobočja Porezna (1630 m) nad Zapoško grapo. Z rdečo črto je označeno območje, kjer so sestoji asociacije Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae. Foto G. Seljak. Figure 8: Very steep gully under Mt. Kobla (Krevle), former hay-field, site of the community Carici ferrugineae-Eryn- gietum alpinae. Photo I. Dakskobler Slika 8: Zelo strm žleb pod Koblo (Krevle),nekdanja senožet, rastišče združbe Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae. Foto I. Dakskobler Figure 9: Eryngium alpinum community, rich with Laserpitium siler and Festuca norica. Carinthia, Carnic Alps, Ringmauer, Rattendorfer Alm. Photo W. R. Franz Slika 9: Združba z dominantno vrsto Eryngium alpinum in pogostima vrstama Laserpitium siler in Festuca norica. Koroška, Karnijske Alpe, Ringmauer, Rattendorfer Alm. Foto W. R. Franz Figure 7: Stand of the association Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae on the southern slopes of Mt. Porezen. Photo I. Dakskobler Slika 7: Sestoj asociacije Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae na južnih pobočjih Porezna. Foto I. Dakskobler 97 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 10. APPENDIX Table 1: Communities with Eryngium alpinum under the Mts. Črna prst and Porezen in the southern Julian Alps Tabela 1: Združbe z vrsto Eryngium alpinum pod Črno prstjo in Poreznom (južne Julijske Alpe) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Altitude in m (Nadmorska višina v m) Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v % ) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Cover in % (Zastiranje v %) Shrub layer (Grmovna plast) Herb layer (Zeliščna plast) Moss layer (Mahovna plast) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) – m2 Number of species (Število vrst) Character and differential species of the associations 1 1630N 20 10 A R 80 60 5 100 74 2 3 + 1 1 1 + + . . + . . . 1 . . + + + + + . 1 + 2 3 4 151016201640W E E 30 35 30 10 20 30 A A A R R R 20 20 90 90 80 50 50 50 43 90 72 + . . + . . + + + + + + + + 2 1 2 + . 1 + + 1 + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 2 + . + . . . . 1 + . + . . 1 + + 1 + 2 + + . . + + . + . 1 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15401540159015201570143014201410 SE SE SE SW SW SWW SWW SWW 25 30 20 40 35 40 35 35 40 20 0 10 5 5 0 0 A A A A A A,L A,L A,L Li Li R R R R R R 5 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 10 10 50 10 10 15 15 66 72 71 74 41 61 48 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 + 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 . 2 2 2 . . 1 1 + 2 2 1 1 + . + + + + + 1 + + . . + . . . . . . . . + + . . . + . + 1 1 . . . . . . . . + . 1 . . . . . 2 3 2 + 1 2 3 2 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + 1 2 2 2 + 1 + . . . . + . . . . . + 1 1 1 . . . . + + 1 + . . + 1 + Značilne in razlikovalne vrste asociacij AV Salix waldsteiniana E2a AV Salix glabra E2a VP Rosa pendulina E1 A Sorbus chamaemespilus E2a EP Rhododendron hirsutum E2a A Eryngium alpinum E1 CF Carex ferruginea E1 CF Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala E1 TG Lilium carniolicum E1 TG Arabis pauciflora (Fourraea alpina) E1 A Pleurospermum austriacum E1 TG Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. clusii ? E1 F Omphalodes verna E1 EP Genista radiata E1 A Eryngium alpinum E1 CU Phyteuma zahlbruckneri E1 A Allium victorialis E1 AV Alnion viridis Salix appendiculata E2a Alnus viridis E2a A Adenostyletalia Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum E1 Heracleum montanum E1 Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus E1 Senecio fuchsii E1 Polygonatum verticillatum E1 Crepis pyrenaica E1 98 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Associations (Asociacije): I relevé 1 (popis 1): Salicetum waldsteinianae Beger 1922 corr. Zupančič & Žagar 2001; II relevés 5 to 24 (popisi 5 do 24): Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae Seljak ex Dakskobler, Franz & Seljak 2005 ass. nova; relevés 2, 3 and 4 (popisi, 2, 3 in 4): transitional form between I and II (prehodna oblika med I in II) III relevés 25 to 29 (popisi 25-29): Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae Franz (1997) 2004 mscr. var. Serratula macrocephala prov. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1440SW 1410SW 1490S 1480SW 1460S 1520SW 1530SE 1510SSW 1370SW 1450SW 1400SW 1400S 1540S 1550SW 1500SW 1530SW 1570 SW 40 35 35 35 35 30 40 45 40 50 50 30 25 30 30 30 30 0 0 5 0 10 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L A,L G,A G,A G,A G,A G,A R R R R R R R R R R R R EC EC EC EC EC 5 1 30 5 5 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 10 20 10 10 10 20 20 30 50 50 60 40 10 10 50 20 40 50 47 40 49 42 36 49 44 34 27 37 55 41 51 50 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 32 2 4 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 . 1 1 . . 2 + + 2 3 1 . . . . . 2 2 . + + + 3 1 + 1 + 1 2 2 2 3 2 . + + + . . . + . + . + . . . . . + . + + . + 1 1 . . + . . . . . . . + 2 1 + + . 2 1 . + 1 . . . . . 1 . . + + . . . + + + . + . + . + . + . + .. . 1 1 1 . 1 + 1 . + . . . 4 5 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 4 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 1 + 1 1 . + . . . + . . 1 1 1 . 2 . + 3 . . + + . . . 2 + + . 2 . . + + + . . + . + + + 1 1 1 2 2 . + + . 1 1 + + . . . + 1 2 2 + 2 + 1 . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II III Pr. Fr. 2 7 . . . . 2 7 . . . . 8 28 4 . . . 5 17 . . 1 20 4 14 . . . . . . . . . . 29 100 20 100 5 100 19 66 16 80 . . 26 90 17 85 5 100 13 45 13 65 . 11 38 11 55 . . 13 45 11 55 . . 15 52 10 50 5 100 7 24 7 35 . . 5 17 5 25 . . 29 100 20 100 5 100 7 24 1 5 5 100 6 21 1 5 5 100 5 17 2 10 . . 2 7 . . . . 22 76 15 75 3 60 21 72 13 65 4 80 20 69 12 60 5 100 16 55 9 45 5 100 12 41 6 30 4 80 11 38 7 35 . . 99 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1 Astrantia major E1 Angelica sylvestris E1 Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum E1 Centaurea montana E1 Senecio cacaliaster E1 Calamagrostis arundinacea E1 Geum rivale E1 Poa hybrida agg. E1 Achillea distans E1 Rhodiola rosea E1 Carduus personata E1 Crepis paludosa E1 Hieracium prenanthoides E1 Scrophularia scopolii E1 Viola pyrenaica E1 Aconitum angustifolium E1 Cirsium carniolicum E1 Elymus caninus E1 Epilobium alpestre E1 Hesperis candida E1 Saxifraga rotundifolia E1 Silene dioica E1 Athyrium filix-femina E1 MU Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hypericum maculatum E1 Rumex alpestris E1 Aconitum lycoctonum agg. E1 Chaerophyllum villarsii E1 Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 Carduus carduelis E1 Geranium sylvaticum E1 Ranunculus platanifolius E1 Chaerophyllum aureum E1 Adenostyles alliariae E1 Ribes alpinum E2a Viola biflora E1 CA Caricion austroalpinae Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica E1 Scorzonera rosea E1 Koeleria eriostachya (inc. K. carniolica) E1 Festuca calva E1 Heracleum austriacum subsp. siifolium E1 Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra E1 Allium ericetorum E1 Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 Gentiana lutea subsp. vardjanii E1 CF Caricion ferrugineae Crepis bocconi E1 1 + + + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . + 1 1 . . . . 1 + . + + . . . . . . + . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + + . + + . . . . . . + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + + + + . + 1 + 1 . + + + + + + . + 1 + 1 + + . + + + 1 + r . + 2 2 + 2 . + 1 1 . . . 2 1 1 . 1 + . . 1 1 + 1 + 1 + . 1 1 + 1 1 + . . . . . + . + + . . + + . + . . + . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + 1 1 + . + . . + . + + 1 + + 1 1 + . . + 1 . + + + + + . + . . + . . . . . 1 . . + r . + + . . r . . . r + . + . . . . . 1 + r . . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . 1 1 . . + . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . + . . . 234 5 6 7 8 91011 12 100 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . + + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1 + 1 + . + + . 1 . . . + . + + . . 1 . 4 + 1 2 1 + 2 1 . + . 1 2 . . + + . . . . . . . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + 1 1 + + . . + . . . . . . . r + . . . . + . + . + + . . . . . + . . + . . 2 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 27 28 29 . + . . . 9 31 4 20 1 20 1 + + 1 1 8 28 3 15 5 100 . . . . . 6 21 4 20 . . . . . . . 5 17 . . . . + . . . . 5 17 3 15 1 20 . . . . . 5 17 4 20 . . . + 3 . . 4 14 2 10 2 40 . . . . . 4 14 2 10 . . . . . . . 4 14 1 5 . . + + . + . 3 10 . . 3 60 . . . . . 3 10 2 10 . . . . . . . 2 7 . . . . . . . . . 2 7 1 5 . . + . . . . 2 7 . . 1 20 . . . . . 2 7 1 5 . . . . . . . 2 7 2 10 . . . . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . . . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . . . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 1 + 1 1 26 90 17 85 5 100 1 2 + 1 + 21 72 12 60 5 100 + . . . . 20 69 16 80 1 20 2 3 3 2 1 17 59 9 45 5 100 2 1 2 1 + 16 55 9 45 5 100 2 + 1 1 2 11 38 3 15 5 100 . . . . . 7 24 4 20 . . . + 1 + . 7 24 3 15 3 60 . . . . . 2 7 2 10 . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . . . . . + + + + 22 76 17 85 4 80 + + 1 1 1 17 59 11 55 5 100 + + + + . 16 55 10 50 4 80 + . . . . 8 28 6 30 1 20 . . + . . 7 24 3 15 1 20 . . . + . 6 21 4 20 1 20 . . . + + 4 14 2 10 2 40 + . . . . 4 14 2 10 1 20 . . . . . 3 10 1 5 . . . . . 1 + 5 17 2 10 2 40 101 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) ES Elyno-Seslerietea Betonica alopecuros E1 Scabiosa lucida s. lat. E1 Campanula witasekiana E1 Helianthemum grandiflorum E1 Phyteuma orbiculare E1 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria E1 Pulsatilla alpina E1 Astrantia bavarica E1 Leucanthemum cf. maximum E1 Hieracium villosum E1 Carduus crassifolius E1 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris E1 Carex sempervirens E1 Linum julicum E1 Ranunculus montanus E1 Acinos alpinus E1 Cerastium strictum E1 Euphrasia picta E1 Galium anisophyllon E1 Achillea clavenae E1 Anemone narcissiflora E1 Poa alpina E1 Polygonum viviparum E1 Alchemilla flabellata E1 Aster bellidiastrum E1 Gentianella anisodonta E1 Juncus monanthos E1 Thesium alpinum E1 Thymus alpigenus E1 PT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia Festuca nigrescens E1 Trollius europaeus E1 Pimpinella major subsp. rubra E1 Phleum hirsutum E1 Agrostis tenuis E1 Ranunculus nemorosus E1 Campanula scheuchzeri E1 Deschampsia caespitosa E1 Crocus vernus subsp. albiflorus E1 Cardaminopsis halleri E1 Traunsteinera globosa E1 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Dactylis glomerata E1 Galium mollugo agg. E1 Leontodon hispidus E1 Achillea millefolium agg. E1 Lotus corniculatus E1 1 . . . + . . . r + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . r 1 . . . + . . . . 1 . . . . 234 . 1 1 1 + 1 1 . 1 1 1 . 1 1 + . + + 1 + . 1 + 1 + . + + + + . + . . 1 . . . + + . . . + . + + + + + + . + + + . + 1 . + . . + 1 . + . r + . . + + . + . . + + + + + 1 + + . . . + . + . . + + . . + + . + + . + + + + . . . . r + . + r . . . . . . + . . . r + 1 . . . . . . + + . . . . . r . . . . . + + . + . . . . + + + + . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . + . + + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . 1 . . . . . . . . + . + . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . + r . . . . . . 1 1 . + . 1 . 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 2 1 1 . + . . . r + . 1 1 1 . + + . . . . 1 . . + . . + . . + . + + 1 + . + + + + + + . + + + . + . . . . + . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 2 1 + 1 + 1 2 2 3 2 . + . + 1 . . + r + + . + + + + + + . + + + . . . . . . . . + + 1 . . + . . + . . + + + 5 6 7 8 91011 12 102 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 + + 1 . 1 1 + + + + + + + 1 . + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + . . . + . + + + . . . r . . 1 . + + 1 + + 2 1 + + . + . . . . . r . . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + + . 3 2 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 + + . + + + 2 + 1 1 1 . . . + . . . . . 1 1 1 + . + . . + + . . . . + + + . . + 2 . + + + + . . . . + . . . . . + . 1 + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 1 + 2 3 + . + . . . + 1 + 1 1 1 . + 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . + + . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . + . + 25 26 27 28 29 + . . + + . . . . + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + + + + 1 + + 1 1 + + + 1 + 2 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 + . . + . . . + + . . . . . . . + . . . 23 79 18 90 3 60 20 69 17 85 1 20 18 62 10 50 5 100 14 48 12 60 . . 13 45 11 55 . . 11 38 6 30 3 60 11 38 9 45 . . 10 34 5 25 1 20 7 24 4 20 . . 6 21 4 20 . . 5 17 2 10 . . 5 17 4 20 . . 4 14 4 20 . . 4 14 4 20 . . 4 14 3 15 . . 4 14 4 20 . . 3 10 2 10 . . 3 10 2 10 . . 3 10 2 10 . . 3 10 2 10 1 20 2 7 . . . . 2 7 1 5 . . 2 7 1 5 1 20 2 7 2 10 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 3 10 2 10 . . 22 76 15 75 5 100 21 72 12 60 5 100 18 62 11 55 5 100 17 59 10 50 5 100 13 45 8 40 4 80 12 41 10 50 . . 4 14 2 10 . . 4 14 3 15 . . 4 14 2 10 2 40 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 22 76 16 80 3 60 18 62 15 75 2 40 12 41 8 40 2 40 8 28 8 40 . . 8 28 6 30 1 20 103 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Trifolium pratense E1 Lathyrus pratensis E1 Veronica chamaedrys E1 Dactylorhiza majalis E1 Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea E1 Tragopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis E1 Valeriana officinalis E1 Vicia sepium E1 FB Festuco-Brometea Carlina acaulis E1 Bromus erectus agg. E1 Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 Prunella grandiflora E1 Dianthus monspessulanus E1 Campanula glomerata E1 Linum viscosum E1 Carex humilis E1 Carex flacca E1 Briza media E1 Gymnadenia conopsea E1 Hippocrepis comosa E1 Brachypodium rupestre E1 Orobanche gracilis E1 Stachys recta s. lat. E1 Iris sibirica subsp. erirrhiza E1 Centaurea triumfettii E1 Thlaspi praecox E1 Thymus pulegioides E1 TG Trifolio-Geranietea Laserpitium latifolium E1 Thalictrum minus E1 Vicia sylvatica E1 Laserpitium siler E1 Iris graminea E1 Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana E1 Verbascum alpinum E1 Dianthus barbatus E1 Digitalis grandiflora E1 Polygonatum odoratum E1 Anthericum ramosum E1 Clinopodium vulgare E1 Hypericum perforatum E1 Origanum vulgare E1 CU Calluno-Ulicetea Anthoxanthum odoratum E1 Potentilla erecta E1 Carex pallescens E1 Coeloglossum viride E1 Galium pumilum E1 1 r + + + . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + + + + + + + . . + . . . + 1 + 2 + 1 r + 1 + + + . 1 + . . + . + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . + . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 + . + . . . . + r + + + . + + . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . + 3 3 + 3 2 2 1 4 . . + . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . + . 1 + . + . . . . + + . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 5 6 7 8 91011 12 104 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + + + . . + . . . + + + + . . 2 1 + + . . . . + 1 + + + + + + . + + + . . . . . . . . . . 1 . + . . . + + . . . . + + . . + . . . . + . . . . + + + + + + . + + . . . + . + + + . . . . . . . 1 1 + + . . . . + . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 2 + 1 1 1 + + 1 + 1 1 2 . . + + . + + + + . . . . . 1 1 1 1 . + + + + + 1 1 . . . . . . + . . . + 1 . . . . + + + . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 27 28 29 . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + . . . . + . . . + . + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + 3 4 3 . . . . + + . . + + . . + . . . . . . . + . + + + . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . + + . . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . 6 21 2 10 . . 2 7 1 5 1 20 2 7 2 10 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . 1 20 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 21 72 13 65 5 100 20 70 14 70 5 100 19 66 14 70 1 20 14 48 10 50 1 20 11 38 6 30 5 100 9 31 8 40 1 20 8 28 8 40 . . 7 24 7 35 . . 5 17 5 25 . . 3 10 2 10 1 20 2 7 1 5 . . 2 7 1 5 1 20 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 21 72 16 80 5 100 14 48 13 65 1 20 14 48 11 55 3 60 13 45 11 55 1 20 10 34 9 45 . . 9 31 5 25 4 80 6 21 6 30 . . 3 10 . . 2 40 2 7 . . . . 2 7 2 10 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 5 17 2 10 2 40 4 14 2 10 2 40 1 3 . . 1 20 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . 1 20 105 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Ligusticum seguieri E1 Adenostyles glabra E1 Biscutella laevigata E1 Pedicularis hacquetii E1 Epilobium collinum E1 Valeriana montana E1 Dryopteris villarii E1 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Saxifraga hostii E1 Bupleurum petraeum E1 Festuca stenantha E1 Primula auricula E1 Sedum maximum E1 Valeriana saxatilis E1 Asplenium ruta-muraria E1 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Aposeris foetida E1 Luzula luzuloides E1 Solidago virgaurea E1 Gentiana asclepiadea E1 Luzula sylvatica E1 Picea abies E2a Vaccinium myrtillus E1 Valeriana tripteris E1 Clematis alpina E1 Homogyne alpina E1 Homogyne sylvestris E1 Maianthemum bifolium E1 Veronica urticifolia E1 Dryopteris expansa E1 Polystichum lonchitis E1 EP Erico-Pinetea Cirsium erisithales E1 Calamagrostis varia E1 Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus E1 Peucedanum austriacum var. rablense E1 Rubus saxatilis E1 Carex ornithopoda E1 Erica carnea E1 Juniperus alpina E2a Pinus mugo E2a F Fagetalia sylvaticae Knautia drymeia E1 Mercurialis perennis E1 Lilium martagon E1 Myosotis sylvatica E1 Acer pseudoplatanus E2a Galium laevigatum E1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . + + . . + + + 2 + 1 1 + + . + . . . . . . . 2 . . . + + . . + . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . . . + + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 . . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . r 1 1 1 + + + 2 1 + 1 . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . + + + + . r . . . . + . 1 + . . . + . . . . 1 . + + . + . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . + + 1 1 + + 1 1 1 + . + . 1 1 + + + . + . . . . + . . + + . + + . . . . + + + + + . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . 1 + + . . + . . . . . . 234 5 6 7 8 91011 12 106 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 . . . . + + + + + . + + . . + . + . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . + + . . + . + + 1 + + . + + . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + . . + . . . + + 2 + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + . + . + . . . + . 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 + . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 27 28 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . + + + + 1 1 + 1 + + 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . + . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 . . + . . + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 24 7 35 . . 6 21 4 20 . . 2 7 1 5 . . 2 7 2 10 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 7 24 5 25 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 21 72 15 75 4 80 15 52 8 40 5 100 7 24 1 5 4 80 6 21 4 20 . . 3 10 1 5 . . 3 10 2 10 1 20 3 10 1 5 1 20 2 7 . . 1 20 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 28 97 19 95 5 100 8 28 8 40 . .6 21 4 20 . . 5 17 2 10 . . 5 17 2 10 . . 4 14 3 15 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . 1 20 23 79 15 75 5 100 16 55 13 65 1 20 12 41 6 30 5 100 7 24 6 30 . . 4 14 1 5 . . 4 14 1 5 . . 107 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Dryopteris filix-mas E1 Melica nutans E1 Symphytum tuberosum E1 Campanula trachelium E1 Epilobium montanum E1 Galeobdolon flavidum E1 Polygonatum multiflorum E1 Rhamnus fallax E2a Fagus sylvatica E2a Paris quadrifolia E1 Poa nemoralis E1 Scrophularia nodosa E1 Polystichum aculeatum E1 QP Quercetalia pubescentis Convallaria majalis E1 Melittis melissophyllum E1 Arabis hirsuta E1 QF Querco-Fagetea Ornithogalum pyrenaicum E1 Carex digitata E1 Anemone nemorosa E1 Primula vulgaris E1 Listera ovata E1 O Other species (Druge vrste) Rubus idaeus E2a Dactylorhiza maculata agg. E1 Tussilago farfara E1 Vicia sp. E1 Festuca gigantea E1 Galeopsis speciosa E1 M Mosses (Mahovi) Tortella tortuosa E0 Ctenidium molluscum E0 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 1 2 3 4 + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . r . . . . r . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . + . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . + . . . 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . + . . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . 1 + + + + + + + + + + + . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . 1 . + . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations in Table 1 (Okrajšave v tabeli 1) Phytosociological groups and their authors (Fitocenološke enote in njihovi avtorji) AV Alnion viridis Aichinger 1933 TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. & Jenny 1926 A Adenostyletalia G. &. J. Br.-Bl. 1931 AT Asplenietea trichomanis Br.-Bl. in Meier & Br.-Bl. 1934 MU Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač & Klika in Klika 1948 VP Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939 emend. Zupančič (1976) CA Caricion austroalpinae Sutter 1962 2000 CF Caricion ferrugineae G. & J. Br.-Bl. 1931 EP Erico-Pinetea I. Horvat 1959 ES Elyno-Seslerietea Br.- Bl. 1948 F Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawł. in Pawł. & al. 1928 PT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia Ellmauer & Mucina 1993 QP Quercetalia pubescentis Klika 1933 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 em. R. Tx. 1970 QF Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieg. 1937 FB Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & R. Tx. 1943 O Other species (Druge vrste) TG Trifolio-Geranietea Th. Müller 1961 M Mosses (Mahovi) CU Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. & R. Tx. ex Klika 1948 108 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . + . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 3 . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 14 2 10 . . 3 10 3 15 . . 3 10 3 15 . . 2 7 2 10 . . 2 7 2 10 . . 2 7 1 5 . . 2 7 2 10 . . 2 7 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 . . . . 3 10 1 5 . . 3 10 3 15 . . 2 7 1 5 . . 11 38 9 45 2 40 6 21 6 30 . . 5 17 2 10 2 40 4 14 4 20 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 5 17 5 25 . . 4 14 4 20 . . 2 7 2 10 . . 2 7 . . . . 1 3 1 5 . . 1 3 1 5 . . 2 7 . . . . 1 3 . . . . 1 3 . . . . Parent material (geološka podlaga) A – limestone (apnenec) L – marl (lapor) G – clay slates (skrilavi glinavci) Soil types (Talni tipi) R – Rendzina (rendzina) Li – Lithosols (litosol) EC – Eutric Cambisols (evtrična rjava tla) Localities of relevés (Lokalitete popisov): 1, 2, 3: Lisec (9749/4),leg.& det.I.Dakskobler,7.8.2001; 4:Lisec (9749/4) , leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 14. 8. 2002; 5, 6: Home, under Črna gora ridge (Home, pod grebenom Črne gore) – 9749/4, leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 11. 6. 2003; 7: Blehe at Šoštar (Blehe pri Šoštarju) – 9749/4, leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 11. 7. 2002; 8: Slatnik (9750/3), leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 31. 7. 2003; 9: Štuke under Mt. Črna prst (Štuke pod Črno prstjo) – 9749/4, leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 31. 7. 2003; 10, 11, 12, 13, 14: Krevle under Kobla (Krevle pod Koblo) – 9749/4, leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 16. 7. and (in) 24. 8. 2004; 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20: Mt. Porezen – southern slopes (Porezen, južna pobočja) – 9849/2, leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 2. 9. 2004; 21,22,23,24: Mt. Porezen – southern slopes (Porezen,južna pobočja) – 9849/2, leg. & det. G. Seljak, 15. 8. 1974; 25, 26, 27, 28, 29: Štuke under Mt. Črna prst (Štuke pod Črno prstjo) – 9749/4, leg. & det. I. Dakskobler, 31. 7. 2003. 109 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Table 2: Synoptic table of communities with Eryngium alpinum (species with low frequency are excluded) Tabela 2: Sintezna tabela združb z vrsto Eryngium alpinum (vrste z nizko stalnostjo niso upoštevane) Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Alnion viridis Salix appendiculata E2a1410. . . . . . .10. .11 . . Alchillea macrophylla E1. . . . .2020. . . . . . . . Alnus viridis E2a. . . . . .20. . . .85. . Ribes petraeum E2. . . . . . .17. . . . . . . Salix waldsteiniana E2a. . . . . . . . . . . .58. . Salix glabra E2a. . . . . . . . . . . .26. . Adenostyletalia Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum (inc. S. vulgaris) E1507560 . 72506067100 . 6715 5 . . Astrantia major E1391510050 . 60100 . . . 100 . . . . Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus (inc. L. laevigatus) E1 32 6010039 39 2010017 25 . 10023 . 90 50 Pleurospermum austriacum E12555. .11 . . . . . . .16. . Polygonatum verticillatum E12530802211 202017 . 30 . . 5 . . Senecio fuchsii (inc. S. nemorensis s. lat.) E11845100. .10. . .50. . 5 . . Heracleum montanum E111 658011 39808050 . . . . 26 . . Allium victorialis E111 5100.72. . . .10. . 5 . . Centaurea montana E1720.5611 .10083. . . . 5 . . Calamagrostis arundinacea E171040. . . . . . . . .5. . Aconitum angustifolium E175. . . . . . . . .1511 . . Angelica sylvestris E1420. . . .20. . . .8. . . Achillea distans E14 .60. .30.50. . .15. . . Silene dioica E14. . .610.17.50. . . . . Eryngium alpinum E1 . 100100 11 1001010017 25 30 . . . 30 10 Crepis pyrenaica E1.35.2844802017. . . 8 . . . Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1.2020.176060. . . . 8 5 . . Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum E1.1520.640. . . . . . . . . Senecio cacaliaster E1.1020.33. . . . . . . . . . Geum rivale E1.10. .11 20. . .10. 8 . . . Rhodiola rosea E1.10. . . . .17.10.8. . . Viola pyrenaica E1.10. . .10. . . . . . . . . Crepis paludosa E1.5. . .1020. . . . .21. . Cirsium carniolicum E1.5. . . . . .50. . . . . . Elymus caninus E1.5. . .3020. . . . . . . . Hieracium prenanthoides E1. .2028.5010067. . . . . . . Epilobium alpestre E1. . . .610. . . . . . . . . Stemmacantha rhapontica E1. . . . .100. . . . .23. . . Hieracium umbrosum (H. prenanthoides x H. sylvaticum) E1. . . . .20. . . . . . . . . Molopospermum peloponnesiacum E1. . . . .20. . . . . . . . . Carduus personata E1. . . . .10. . . . . .11 . . Saxifraga rotundifolia E1. . . . .10.33.10. .5. . Peucedanum ostruthium E1. . . . .10.50. . . . . . . Stemmacantha heleniifolia E1. . . . . .100. . . . . . . . Hugueninia tanacetifolia (Sysimbrium tanacetifolium)E1. . . . . . .33. . . . . . . Athyrium filix-femina E1. . . . . . . . .50. . . . . Mulgedio-Aconitetea Veratrum album s. lat. E1 25 45100 6 6 30 40 831005010069 47 . . 110 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Hypericum maculatum E1 18 85 100 . 28 10 40 . 75 . . 31 . . . Aconitum lycoctonum agg. E1 18 80 20 11 72 80 . 33 25 70 . 31 21 . . Rumex alpestris E1 11 60 100 . 61 90 40 100 100 10 . 15 5 . . Geranium sylvaticum E1 7 20 . 38 22 100 80 100 . 50 . 15 21 . . Chaerophyllum villarsii (inc. C. hirsutum) E1 4 45 100 . . 80 100 17 100 . 33 54 26 . . Carduus carduelis E1 4 15 100 . 67 . . . 100 30 . 23 . . . Myrrhis odorata E1 4 . . . 11 20 . 83 100 30 . . . . . Ranunculus platanifolius E1 . 15 60 28 . 10 . . 100 30 . . . . . Chaerophyllum aureum E1 . 10 . . 61 10 . . . 50 . . . . . Hypericum richeri E1 . . . 89 . . . 17 . 30 . . . 90 90 Knautia dipsacifolia E1 . . . 44 . 40 60 . . . . . . . . Viola biflora E1 . . . . 11 20 80 33 . 30 . 46 79 . . Aconitum napellus E1 . . . . . 90 . . . 10 . . . . . Alchemilla vulgaris agg. (inc. A. alpestris) E1 . . . . . 50 30 50 75 . . . . . . Cirsium helenioides E1 . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . Primula elatior E1 . . . . . 20 . . . . 33 31 . . . Phyteuma ovatum E1 . . . . . 20 . 67 . . . . 5 . . Urtica dioica E1 . . . . . 10 . 17 . 10 . . . . . Ranunculus aconitifolius E1 . . . . . . 60 . . . . . . . . Adenostyles alliariae E1 . . . . . . . 83 . 70 . . 5 . . Cerinthe glabra E1 . . . . . . . 17 . 10 . . . . . Cirsium montanum E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Senecio subalpinus E1 . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . Cicerbita alpina E1 . . . . . . . . . 90 . . . . . Doronicum austriacum E1 . . . . . . . . . 70 . . . . . Millium effusum E1 . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . Scabiosa leucophylla E1 . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . Laserpitium arhangelicum E1 . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . Doronicum columnae E1 . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . Caricion austroalpinae Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica E1 89 85 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra E1 68 20 20 . . . . . . . . . . 50 50 Koeleria eriostachya (inc. K. carniolica) E1 61 50 80 . . . . . . . 100 46 21 . 10 Laserpitium peucedanoides E1 57 10 20 . 6 . . . . . 67 77 89 10 90 Scorzonera rosea E1 50 55 100 . 22 . . . . . 100 8 5 . . Allium ericetorum E1 36 10 40 . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 Festuca calva E1 29 30 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . Asperula aristata s. lat. E1 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Pedicularis elongata subsp. julica E1 7 . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 . . Heracleum austriacum subsp. siifolium E1 . 15 20 . . . . . . . 100 46 47 . . Scorzonera aristata E1 . . . . 17 . . . . . . 8 11 . . Carex austroalpina E1 . . . . . 20 . . . . . 8 . . . Ranunculus hybridus E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 47 . . Trifolium noricum E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . . Caricion ferrugineae Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala E1 82 85 100 6 . . . . . . 100 8 11 70 70 Carex ferruginea E1 11 80 . . 28 20 . 17 100 . 100 100 100 30 90 Crepis bocconi E1 . 10 40 6 . . . . . . 100 8 11 50 30 Knautia longifolia E1 . . . . 50 . . . . . . 46 . . . 111 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Pedicularis foliosa E1 . . . . . 60 20 33 . . . . . . . Festuca violacea E1 . . . . . 30 . 33 . . . . . . . Trifolium badium E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Pedicularis rostratospicata E1 . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . Hedysarum hedysaroides E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . Anemone baldensis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . Caricion firmae Selaginella selaginoides E1 . . . . . . . . . . 33 38 63 . . Dryas octopetalla E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 26 . . Helianthemum alpestre E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 . . Phyteuma sieberi E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 . . Carex firma E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . Arctostaphylos alpina E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . Elyno-Seslerietea Betonica alopecuros E1 96 90 60 . 56 . . . . . . 62 42 50 . Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria E1 93 45 . 78 . . . 17 . . . 38 79 . . Helianthemum grandiflorum E1 89 60 . 83 33 40 . . . . 100 62 26 . 10 Scabiosa lucida s. lat. E1 82 85 20 94 72 20 60 . . . 100 46 16 . . Phyteuma orbiculare E1 79 55 . 83 6 10 . 33 . . . 23 79 50 90 Carduus crassifolius E1 79 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carex sempervirens E1 71 20 . 89 . 10 20 . . . 100 85 47 10 10 Campanula witasekiana E1 64 50 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . Pulsatilla alpina E1 57 25 20 72 28 40 100 50 . . 100 62 74 . 10 Leucanthemum cf. maximum (inc. L. vulgare) E1 46 20 . 89 . 70 60 . . . 100 38 21 70 90 Thymus alpigenus E1 36 10 . . . . . . . . . 15 16 . . Galium anisophyllon E1 32 10 20 83 6 . . . . . . 62 32 10 30 Rhinanthus glacialis E1 29 30 60 . 22 . . . . . . 8 32 . . Ranunculus montanus E1 29 20 . 17 . . . 11 . . 67 . 11 . . Cerastium strictum (inc. C. ciliatum) E1 29 10 . . . 30 . . . . 100 46 11 10 . Astrantia bavarica E1 21 20 . . . . . . . . . 77 68 . . Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris E1 21 20 . 89 6 . . . . . 100 23 21 . 30 Linum julicum (inc. L. alpinum) E1 21 15 . 56 . . . . . . . 31 53 10 10 Acinos alpinus E1 18 10 . 67 11 40 . . . . . 15 . . . Gentiana verna E1 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Astragalus penduliflorus E1 18 . . . 39 60 . . . . . . . . . Hieracium villosum E1 14 10 . 6 11 . . . . . 67 23 26 . . Polygonum viviparum E1 14 10 . 6 . . . 33 . . 100 69 74 . . Campanula thyrsoides E1 14 . . 83 . . . . . . . . . . . Thesium alpinum E1 11 . . 56 17 10 . . . . 33 8 5 . . Pimpinella alpina E1 11 . . . . . . . . . . 46 5 . . Gentianella anisodonta E1 7 . . . . . . . . . 33 15 16 . . Achillea clavenae E1 4 . . . . . . . . . . 31 16 10 . Thesium pyrenaicum E1 4 . . 22 . . . . . . . . 5 . . Senecio abrotanifolius E1 4 . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 . . Bartsia alpina E1 4 . . . . . . . . . . 31 47 10 30 Euphrasia picta E1 . 10 . . . . . . . . 33 8 . . . Anemone narcissiflora E1 . 5 . 17 . . 40 33 . 10 . . 47 . . Poa alpina E1 . 5 20 . 6 . . 50 . . 100 54 16 . . Gentiana lutea s. lat. (inc. subsp. vardjanii) E1 . 5 . 94 . 40 80 33 . . . . 5 . . 112 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Carduus defloratus E1 . . . 89 6 100 80 17 . . . . . . . Centaurea scabiosa subsp. alpestris E1 . . . 56 . 40 80 . . . 33 . . . . Senecio doronicum E1 . . . 33 . 50 . 17 . . 33 8 . 50 . Aster alpinus E1 . . . 22 . . . . . . . 8 . . . Alchemilla velebitica (inc. A. conjuncta) E1 . . . 22 . . . . . . . 38 . . . Aster bellidiastrum E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . 100 31 74 10 50 Potentilla crantzii E1 . . . 17 11 . . . . . 33 23 . . . Polygala alpestris E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . 5 . . Euphrasia salisburgiensis E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Nigritella nigra agg. E1 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Arabis ciliata E1 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Myosotis alpestris E1 . . . 6 . . . 17 . . . 38 5 . . Festuca norica E1 . . . . 94 . . . . . 33 . . . . Betonica hirsuta (Stachys pradica) E1 . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . Horminium pyrenaicum E1 . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 5 . . Helictotrichon parlatorei E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Ligusticum mutellina E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Plantago atrata E1 . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . Ranunculus carinthiacus E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 54 11 . . Juncus monanthos E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 46 26 . . Salix alpina E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5 . . Pedicularis rostratocapitata E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 37 . . Arabis vochinensis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 . . Pedicularis verticillata E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 10 10 Seslerietalia juncifoliae Festuca pungens (F. bosniaca) E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 70 Thymus balcanus E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 30 Dianthus monanthos E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 30 Festuca amethystina E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 30 Bromus reptans E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 30 Iris variegata E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . Pedicularis hoermanniana E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . Sesleria juncifolia E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . Juncetea trifidi Parnassia palustris E1 5 . . . 11 . . . . . . 46 32 . . Agrostis schraderiana E1 . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . Crepis conyzifolia E1 . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . Phyteuma betonicifolium E1 . . . . 22 30 . . . . . . . . . Festuca paniculata (F. spadicea) E1 . . . . 22 . . 17 . . . . . . . Calycocorsus stiptatus (Willemetia stiptata) E1 . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . Hypochoeris uniflora E1 . . . . 17 . . 17 . . . . . . . Phleum alpinum E1 . . . . 11 . . 33 . . . . . . . Helictotrichon versicolor (Avenochloa v.) E1 . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . Centaurea nervosa E1 . . . . . 40 80 . . . . 8 . . . Potentilla grandiflora E1 . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . Dracocephalum ruyschiana E1 . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . Poa variegata E1 . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . Centaurea uniflora E1 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . Alchemilla hybrida E1 . . . . . . . . . . 67 . . . . 113 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Botrychium lunaria E1 . . . . . . . . . . 33 8 . . . Anthoxanthum nipponicum (A. alpinum) E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae Tofieldia calyculata E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 23 58 . . Pinguicula alpina E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . Poo alpinae-Trisetalia Festuca nigrescens (inc. F. rubra agg.) E1 54 75 100 22 . 40 . . . . 100 77 21 50 10 Trollius europaeus E1 50 60 100 22 39 30 20 83 . . 100 69 37 . . Traunsteinera globosa E1 36 5 . 22 . . . . . . 67 . 11 . . Phleum hirsutum E1 29 50 100 . 6 40 . . . . 100 . . . . Pimpinella major subsp. rubra (inc. P. major) E1 25 55 100 28 61 . 60 50 . . . . . . . Crocus vernus subsp. albiflorus E1 25 10 40 6 . . . . . . . . 11 . . Campanula scheuchzeri E1 21 10 . . 33 10 40 . . . 67 38 58 90 70 Ranunculus nemorosus E1 11 50 . . 61 10 . . . . 100 46 5 . . Polygonum bistorta E1 4 . . . . 20 100 83 . . . . . . . Agrostis tenuis E1 . 40 80 . 56 30 80 . . . 67 . . . . Deschampsia caespitosa E1 . 15 . . 11 . . . . . . 15 . . . Paradisea liliastrum E1 . . . 44 . 10 . . . . . . . . . Trisetum flavescens s. lat. E1 . . . 33 . . 100 83 100 . 67 . . . . Campanula rhomboidalis E1 . . . 22 . . 100 17 . . . . . . . Crepis mollis E1 . . . 6 . . 80 . . . . . . . . Centaurea pseudophrygia E1 . . . . 50 . . . . . 33 . . 70 . Helictotrichon pubescens (Avenochloa p.) E1 . . . . 11 20 . 17 . . . . . . . Knautia transalpina E1 . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . Tephroseris aurantiaca E1 . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . Viola tricolor E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Narcissus stellaris (N. radiiflorus) E1 . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . 10 10 Rhinanthus alpinus E1 . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . Crepis aurea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5 . . Phleum rhaeticum E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Lotus corniculatus E1 43 30 20 94 6 10 . . . . 100 77 26 . . Galium mollugo agg. E1 29 75 40 67 39 20 . . 100 . . 15 5 90 30 Leontodon hispidus E1 29 40 40 28 11 10 . . . 30 . 31 32 90 50 Dactylis glomerata E1 25 80 60 72 89 100 100 50 . . 33 31 5 . . Trifolium pratense E1 11 10 . 39 6 60 . 33 . . 67 . 21 . . Lathyrus pratensis E1 11 5 20 44 11 . . 17 100 . . . . . . Achillea millefolium agg. E1 4 40 . 33 22 10 40 . . . . . . . . Veronica chamaedrys E1 . 10 . 11 11 40 . . . . . 8 . . . Tragopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis E1 . 5 . 44 11 20 . . . . . . . . . Valeriana officinalis E1 . 5 . 67 . 50 40 17 . 30 . . . . . Vicia sepium E1 . 5 . 22 . 30 . . . . . 23 . . . Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea E1 . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Rhinanthus alecterolophus E1 . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . . . Alopecuros pratensis E1 . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . Stellaria graminea E1 . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . Dianthus superbus E1 . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . Vicia cracca E1 . . . . . 10 . . . . . 8 . . . Ranunculus acris E1 . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . 114 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Poa pratensis E1 . . . . . 10 . 17 . . . . . . . Festuca pratensis s. lat. E1 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . Anthriscus sylvestris E1 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . Trifolium repens E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . Festuco-Brometea Bromus erectus agg. E1 89 70 100 28 . . . . . . . 8 16 . . Carex humilis E1 86 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 82 70 20 . 22 20 . . . . 100 8 26 70 50 Prunella grandiflora E1 75 50 20 33 61 10 20 . . . 100 46 16 . . Carlina acaulis s. lat. E1 71 65 100 39 22 10 40 . . . 67 23 11 90 90 Gymnadenia conopsea E1 71 5 . 67 6 . . . . . 67 8 26 10 90 Dianthus monspessulanus E1 64 30 100 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Linum viscosum E1 61 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centaurea triumfettii E1 50 5 . . 39 . . 17 . . 100 15 . . 10 Campanula glomerata E1 46 40 20 78 . . . . . . . . . . . Thlaspi praecox E1 39 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stachys recta s. lat. E1 25 5 . . 6 10 . . . . . . . . . Hippocrepis comosa E1 21 5 20 78 . . . . . . . 8 . . . Globularia cordifolia E1 21 . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . Allium senescens E1 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Briza media E1 14 10 20 22 50 30 60 . . . 100 . . . . Brachypodium pinnatum agg. E1 14 5 . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum E1 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carex flacca E1 11 25 . 28 . 10 . . . . . . . . . Cuscuta epithymum E1 11 . . 22 . . . . . . 33 . . . . Galium lucidum E1 7 . . . . . . . . 10 . 31 . . . Teucrium chamaedrys E1 4 . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . Thymus serpyllum E1 . . . 83 . . 20 . . . . . . . . Euphorbia verrucosa E1 . . . 83 . . . . 50 . 67 . . . . Linum catharticum E1 . . . 61 . . . . . . 67 . 5 . . Sideritis hyssopifolia E1 . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . . . Euphorbia cyparissias E1 . . . 44 . 50 60 33 . . . . . . . Festuca ovina agg. E1 . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . Koeleria pyramidata E1 . . . 33 39 20 . . . . . 15 . . . Plantago media E1 . . . 22 . . . . . . 33 . . . . Campanula rotundifolia s. lat. E1 . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . Pimpinella saxifraga E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . 10 10 Trifolium montanum E1 . . . 11 6 . . . . . 100 . . . . Veronica teucrium E1 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Genista tinctoria E1 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Helictotrichon pratense E1 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . Galium verum E1 . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . Plantago serpentina E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Trifolio-Geranietea Laserpitium siler E1 100 55 20 83 56 . 20 . . . . 8 11 . . Laserpitium latifolium E1 82 80 100 100 61 90 100 50 . . 33 . . . . Thalictrum minus E1 68 65 20 6 . 40 . . . . . . . . . Lilium carniolicum E1 61 65 . . . . . . . 10 . 8 . 10 50 Arabis pauciflora (Fourraea alpina) E1 54 55 . 44 . 20 . . . . . . . . . 115 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. clusii ? E1 50 50 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . Iris graminea E1 50 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vicia sylvatica E1 46 55 60 . . 40 . . . . 67 . . . . Polygonatum odoratum E1 43 10 . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana (Seseli libanotis) E1 36 25 80 83 11 10 . . . . . 8 11 . . Silene nutans E1 32 . . 56 6 10 . . . . . 8 . . . Anthericum ramosum E1 29 5 . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Trifolium rubens E1 18 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . Verbascum alpinum E1 11 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orobanche laserpitio-sileris E1 11 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . Viola hirta E1 7 . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . Vincetoxicum hirundinaria E1 7 . . 17 . 10 . . . . . . . . . Digitalis grandiflora E1 4 . . 39 . . 60 . . . . . . . . Clinopodium vulgare E1 4 5 . . 17 20 60 . . . . . . . . Hypericum perforatum E1 . 5 . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . Dianthus barbatus E1 . . 40 . 72 . . . . . . . . . . Origanum vulgare E1 . . . 55 39 . 20 . . . . . . . . Aconitum anthora E1 . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . . . Bupleurum falcatum E1 . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . Bupleurum longifolium E1 . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . Geranium sanguineum E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Campanula rapunculoides E1 . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . Trifolium alpestre E1 . . . . . . 60 . . . . . . . . Lilium bulbiferum E1 . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . Calluno-Ulicetea Anthoxanthum odoratum E1 11 10 40 72 11 40 . 17 . . 100 8 11 . . Potentilla erecta E1 . 10 40 . 17 . 60 . . . . . 5 . . Phyteuma zahlbruckneri E1 . 5 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . Coeloglossum viride E1 . 5 . 6 . . . . . . . 23 21 . . Carex pallescens E1 . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . Galium pumilum E1 . . 20 . . 40 . 17 . . 100 . . . . Arnica montana E1 . . . . . . 20 . . . 33 . 5 . . Potentilla aurea E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . 100 . . . . Meum athamanticum E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . Gentiana pannonica E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . Luzula campestris E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . Thlaspietea rotundifolii Ligusticum seguieri E1 29 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biscutella laevigata E1 18 5 . . . . . 17 . . . 23 63 . 10 Adenostyles glabra E1 7 20 . . . 30 . . . . . 15 32 . . Rumex scutatus E1 4 . . . . 40 20 . . . . 8 . . . Petasites paradoxus E1 4 . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . Pedicularis hacquetii E1 . 10 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . Valeriana montana E1 . 5 . 72 . 20 . . . . . . 5 10 10 Dryopteris villarii E1 . . . . 6 . . . . . . . 11 . . Ranunculus breyninus E1 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . Soldanella alpina E1 . . . . . . . 17 . . 33 54 58 . . Arabis alpina E1 . . . . . . . . . 10 . . 5 . . Homogyne discolor E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 38 26 . . 116 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Salix retusa E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11 . . Achillea atrata E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5 . . Festuca nitida E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11 . . Soldanella minima E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5 . . Silene alpestris E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 23 32 . . Trifolium pallescens E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . Astrantia carniolica E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . Hieracium bifidum E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . Athamanta cretensis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . Cerastium carinthiacum E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . Crepis kerneri E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . Aquilegia bertolonii E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . Asplenietea trichomanis Primula auricula E1 25 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga hostii E1 21 25 . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga crustata E1 11 . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . Dianthus sylvestris E1 7 . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Sedum album E1 4 . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . Kernera saxatilis E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Asplenium viride E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 16 . . Valeriana saxatilis E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 53 . . Paederota lutea E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 37 . . Saxifraga aizoides E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 . . Valeriana elongata E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . Vaccinio-Piceetea Picea abies E2a 57 10 20 . . 10 . . . . . . 21 . . Aposeris foetida E1 43 75 80 . . . . . . . 100 38 21 . . Rosa pendulina E1 7 20 . 28 6 40 40 . . . . . 5 . . Solidago virgaurea s. lat. E1 7 5 80 72 6 80 . . . 10 . 15 21 10 10 Luzula luzuloides E1 4 40 100 . . 10 . . . . . . . . . Gentiana asclepiadea E1 . 20 . . 6 10 . . . 50 . . 11 . . Luzula sylvatica s. lat. E1 . 5 . 17 22 . . 17 . 30 . 15 16 . . Vaccinium myrtillus E1 . 5 20 . . . . . . . . 15 5 . . Veronica urticifolia E1 . 5 . . . 10 . . . . . . 5 . . Valeriana tripteris E1 . . 20 . . . . . . . . 8 16 . . Hieracium sylvaticum E1 . . . 44 . . . 17 . . . 8 . . . Homogyne alpina E1 . . . 6 . . 40 . . . . 23 11 . . Polystichum lonchitis E1 . . . . . 10 . 17 . . . . 11 . . Geranium rivulare E1 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . Oxallis acetosella E1 . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . Larix decidua E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 . . Homogyne sylvestris E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 10 70 Laserpitium krapfii E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . Erico-Pinetea Cirsium erisithales E1 82 95 100 . 50 20 . . . 30 33 . 26 10 90 Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus E1 75 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genista radiata E1 75 25 . . . . . . . . . 8 . . . Calamagrostis varia E1 68 40 . 61 33 50 60 . . . . . 16 90 70 Erica carnea E1 43 . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . 117 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Peucedanum austriacum var. rablense E1 36 10 . . 22 . . . . 10 . . . . . Rubus saxatilis E1 14 10 . . 22 . . 17 . . . . 11 . . Carex ornithopoda E1 14 15 . 17 . . . . . . . 38 11 10 . Aquilegia nigricans (inc. A. vulgaris) E1 11 . . 6 . . . . . 10 . . . . . Juniperus alpina E2a 7 . . 6 . . . . . . . . 5 30 50 Pinus mugo E2a 4 . 20 . . . . . . . . . 11 . . Epipactis atrorubens E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Cotoneaster integerrima E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Coronilla vaginalis E1 . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Rhododendron hirsutum E2a . . . . . . 20 . . . . 31 26 . . Gymnadenia odoratissima E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11 . . Rhodothamnus chamaecistus E1 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 16 . . Fagetalia sylvaticae Mercurialis perennis E1 71 65 20 39 44 . . . . 10 . . 11 . . Knautia drymeia E1 57 75 100 . . . . . 100 . 67 . 32 . . Cyclamen purpurascens E1 32 . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . Lilium martagon E1 21 30 100 72 44 70 20 33 . . 33 15 11 . . Melica nutans E1 14 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symphytum tuberosum E1 14 15 . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . Rhamnus fallax (inc. R. alpina) E2a 11 5 . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Fagus sylvatica E2a 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acer pseudoplatanus E2a 4 5 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . Galium laevigatum (inc. G. aristatum) E1 4 5 . . . 10 . . . . . . 5 . . Lonicera alpigena E2a 4 . . 6 11 10 . . . . . . . . . Omphalodes verna E1 . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Myosotis sylvatica s. lat. E1 . 30 . . 11 10 . 50 . 10 . . . . . Dryopteris filix-mas E1 . 10 . . . . . . . 50 . 8 . . . Campanula trachelium E1 . 10 . . 6 10 . . . . . . . . . Epilobium montanum E1 . 10 . 6 . . 20 17 . . . 8 . . . Polygonatum multiflorum E1 . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Galeobdolon flavidum E1 . 5 . . 11 30 . . . 10 . . . . . Scrophularia nodosa E1 . 5 . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . Daphne mezereum E2a . . . 17 6 . . . . 30 . . 5 . . Phyteuma spicatum E1 . . . 17 . . 20 . . . . . . . . Sorbus mougeotii E2 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Narcissus pseudonarcissus E1 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Laburnum alpinum E2 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . Poa nemoralis E1 . . . 6 17 50 . 33 . . . . . . . Cardamine heptaphylla E1 . . . 6 . 20 . . . . . . . . . Euphorbia dulcis E1 . . . . . 20 . 50 . . . . . . . Aruncus dioicus E1 . . . . . 10 . . . 30 . . . . . Ranunculus lanuginosus E1 . . . . . . 40 . . 30 . . . . . Luzula nivea E1 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . Scopolia carniolica E1 . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . Cardamine trifolia E1 . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . Paris quadrifolia E1 . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . Lunaria rediviva E1 . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . Vicia oroboides E1 . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . Stellaria montana E1 . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . 118 igor Dakskobler, WilfrieD robert franz & gabrijel seljak: communities WitH Eryngium alpinum in tHe soutHern julian alps … Successive number (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of relevés (Število popisov) 28 20 5 18 18 10 5 6 4 14 3 13 19 11 11 Sign for syntaxon (Oznaka sintaksona) CjLs CfEa AvEa CLl AvEa EC PbEa MyA Cf-H AaDa Cf Cf Cf CCp HrCf Euphorbia carniolica E1. . . . . . . . .10. . . . . Aremonia agrimonoides E1. . . . . . . . .10. . . . . Quercetalia pubescentis Peucedanum schottii E132. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convallaria majalis E1255.6. . . . . . . . . . . Melittis melissophyllum E12115. . . . . . . . . . . . . Sorbus aria E218. .17. . . . . . . . . . . Primula veris s. lat. E114..67.......8... Arabis hirsuta s. lat. E111 5.11 ........... Orchis mascula s. lat. E17..11 ........... Pulmonaria angustifolia E1. . . . .40. . . . . . . . . Querco-Fagetea Ornithogalum pyrenaicum E1254540. . . . . . . . . . . . Anemone nemorosa E1251040. . . . . . . . . . . . Primula vulgaris E12520. . . . . . . . . . . . . Carex digitata E11430. . . . . . . . .85. . Listera ovata E1145. . . . . . . . . . . . . Veratrum nigrum E1. . . . .10. . . . . . . . . Carex montana E1. . . . . . . . . .33. . . . Other species (Druge vrste) Juniperus communis E2a18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dactylorhiza maculata agg. E1720............. Rubus idaeus E2a425. .1740. . .30. . . . . Tussilago farfara E1.10. . . . . . .10. . . . . Fragaria vesca (inc. Fragaria sp.) E1....6.40........ Stachys alpina E1. . . .62060. . . . . . . . Agrostis stolonifera E1. . . . .20. . . . . . . . . Elymus repens E1. . . . .10. . . . . . . . . Epilobium angustifolium E1. . . . .20. . . . . . . . . Geum urbanum E1. . . . . .40. . . . . . . . Galeopsis tetrahit E1. . . . . .40. . . . . . . . Rumex alpinus E1. . . . . . .33. . . . . . . Sorbus aucoparia E2a. . . . . . .17. . .85. . Sources to Table 2 (Viri za tabelo 2): 1 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris nom. prov., the southern Julian Alps, Dakskobler (2003a, supplemented); 2 Carici ferrugineae-Eryngietum alpinae ass. nova – the southern Julian Alps: Mts. Črna prst and Porezen, this study, Tab 1, relevés 5–24; 3 Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae nom. prov. var. Seratula macrocephala prov., the southern Julian Alps – Štuke under Mt. Črna prst, this study, relevés 25–29; 4 Campanulo-Laserpitietum latifoliae, the High Jura, Béguin (1972); 5 Allio victorialis-Eryngietum alpinae nom. prov., Austria, the Carnic Alps (Karnische Alpen), Franz (2004 mscr.); 6 Eryngio-Centaureetum rhaponticae, the Swiss Central Alps, Sutter (1978); 7 Polygono bistortae-Eryngietum alpini, Vanoise, the French Alps, Gehu-Franck & al. (1984); 8 Myrrhido-Adenostyletum, the southwestern (French) Alps, Braun-Blanquet (1969); 9 Transition between the association Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat. and tall herbs community – Mt. Golica, the Karavanke, Aichinger (1933); 119 Hacquetia 4/2 • 2005 10 Adenostylo-Doronicetum, the Dinaric mountains, Horvat in Horvat & al. (1974); 11 Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat. – Mt. Golica, the Karavanke, Aichinger (1933); 12 Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat., the Julian Alps, the Krn mountain range, Surina (2004); 13 Caricetum ferrugineae s. lat., the southern Julian Alps, the Tolmin-Bohinj ridge, Dakskobler (2004, mscr.); 14 Calamagrostio-Centaureetum pseudophrygiae, Croatia, the northern part of the Dinaric mountains, Horvat in Horvat & al. (1974); 15 Hyperico grisebachii-Caricetum ferugineae, Croatia, the northern part of the Dinaric mountains, Horvat in Horvat & al. (1974). 120